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Offline Liquid Dispense Test Bed

1. 32 7 11 UDesign Spreadsheets Use this space for other identified wants D 1 Customer Data and Wants Formulation 2 3 Project Title Dispense System 4 Mission To develop an offline testing system to better understand the fluid dispensing process through the use of data collection and 5 Statement experimentation resulting in a faster and equally accurate reagent dispensing system 6 7 Customer Information Want Information 8 Rank who is the most important customer Priority 8 10 045 0 25 0 15 0 1 0 05 10 Organization Rank 15 Want 2nd Want 3rd Want 4th Want 5th Want Determine starting Reasonable 11 Consumables Engineering Dade Behring l pointofaerosols Data Output Range of cycle time cost easytouse Low Error Determine starting Range of Reasonable 12 Operations Dade Behring 3 Easy to use Long Lasting point of aerosols volume cost Determine starting point of 13 DB Vendors Various 5 Reasonable Cost aerosols 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Partner Information Constraints 22 Determine starting point of 23 aerosols 24 Organization Rank 4st 204 3rd 4th 5th Data Output Marks with no 25 Jim and Scott Dade Behring 1 same pumps properties within gror range material n time 26 at Reasonable cost em Easy to use 28 Long Last
2. Metrics Requirement Observe Find acceptable velocity Splashing limits Pump Speed Highest without splashing Precision lt 1 CV Graph output Velocity amp Displacement Profiles Volume 0 6 7 3 mL Cost Recoup costs within 10 months Table 1 2 3 Constraints For this project there were some elements of the current liquid dispensing project that could not be changed and therefore were not altered in the test bed Such constraints were that we must continue to use the same tubing material that Dade Behring uses Presently they use polyethylene because it has been proven as a qualified material Additionally we were required to use the same pumps as Dade Behring currently uses because each pump is considerably expensive and the cost of replacing all the pumps is not a reasonable solution for Dade Behring Additionally there are other less expensive options that we were able to explore to alter the dispensing process Finally the flex cartridges could not be altered in any way because quality control checks as well as many of the testing machines that use Dade Behring s reagents are dependent on the current flex geometry Changing the flex would require alteration of these machines which would be more expensive then building a new FAM line and is therefore not an option Concept Generation 3 1 Concept Generation To solve the liquid dispensing problem we brainstormed different possible solutio
3. Finally the most important conclusion is that we believe the dispense velocity can be safely increased without causing splashing Our splash tests have indicated that the liquid must be dispensed at nearly twice the velocity that Dade Behring currently dispenses at to cause splashing with the highest fill volume Since we have also shown that precision is still very high at our maximum speed to prevent splashing there seems to be no reason not to increase the dispense velocity pending further verification of our test results 23 endix 7 0 11400959 930 S O F ON DAT Til 1319238 YYTNONY 1 zit I3AD3ddV INNOLLON 424 100 28 404 NAVA oso X OLO 4oau 00 Tv LIL ONIMYSO I310N Buluyag apo p ASIMYSHLO SS3 NI 8919 MO 1937054 S3ON3H TL inear Encoder Mount ing L poom o 403 papoouyy 2 02 08 Sauou 1 Draw 7 24 Tubing Holder 7 2 Drawing INITIA 930 50 F p vas 2 1 Y o SI II 3140 NAVA gy 910 XX 500 T XXX TADI lt TALON 3s1 u3H10 0 uBisaq Aous ESITIN 5919 39 3439701 4epjoH LLL SONIA te uid Ri 403 414 55 34 S31uf
4. 1 1 7 238 7 238 2 1 14 47 7 232 3 1 21 701 7 231 4 1 28 935 7 234 5 1 36 167 7 232 6 1 43 396 7 229 7 1 50 631 7 235 8 1 57 858 7 227 9 1 65 096 7 238 10 1 72 32 7 224 mean 7 232 ACV 0 062521478 55 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 1 25 7 228 7 228 2 1 25 14 451 7 223 3 1 25 21 672 7 221 4 1 25 28 893 7 221 5 1 25 36 111 7 218 6 1 25 43 331 7 22 7 1 25 50 548 7 217 8 1 25 57 763 7 215 9 1 25 64 984 7 221 10 1 25 72 196 7 212 mean 7 2196 ACV 0 061321801 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 1 5 7 214 7 214 2 1 5 14 428 7 214 3 1 5 21 635 7 207 4 1 5 28 845 7 21 5 1 5 36 056 7 211 6 1 5 43 266 7 21 7 1 5 50 477 7 211 8 1 5 57 689 7 212 9 1 5 64 898 7 209 10 1 5 72 106 7 208 mean 7 2106 ACV 0 032161035 56 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 1 75 7 202 7 202 2 1 75 14 405 7 203 3 1 75 21 606 7 201 4 1 75 28 802 7 196 5 1 75 36 008 7 206 6 1 75 43 206 7 198 7 1 75 50 409 7 203 8 1 75 57 607 7 198 9 1 75 64 808 7 201 10 1 75 72 003 7 195 mean 7 2003 CV 0 048132786 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 5
5. 6 43 227 7 2 7 50 438 7 211 8 57 644 7 206 9 64 839 7 195 10 72 043 7 204 mean 7 2043 Standard Deviation ____0 00498909 9 ACV 0 06926405 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setup stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 222 7 222 2 14 429 7 207 3 21 642 7 213 4 28 855 7 213 5 36 061 7 206 6 43 271 7 21 7 50 476 7 205 8 57 69 7 214 9 64 904 7 214 10 72 118 7 214 mean 7 2118 CV 0 069730246 40 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu stroke length 0 773 accel 50 7 1 7 186 7 186 2 14 363 7 177 3 21 55 7 187 4 28 738 7 188 5 35 925 7 187 6 43 114 7 189 7 50 3 7 186 8 57 474 7 174 9 64 661 7 187 1 71 842 7 181 7 1842 CV 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu 0 070914778 stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 206 7 206 2 14 404 7 198 3 21 603 7 199 4 28 801 7 198 5 36 004 7 203 6 43 209 7 205 7 50 398 7 189 8 57 598 7 2 9 64 786 7 188 1 71 981 7 195 mean 7 1981 0 084492423 41 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 159 7 159 2 14 318 7 159 3 21 481 7 163 4 28 641 7 16 5 35 794 7 153 6 42 952 7 158 7 50
6. containers called Flex Cartridges also seen in figure 1 at a rate of one Flex every 2 5 to 3 5 seconds depending on the fluids dispensed The liquid dispense system is part of the Flex Assembly Machine FAM There are currently five FAMs all in constant operation throughout the day Recently the customer demand for Flex Cartridges has increased and Dade Behring is exploring other options e g speeding up the FAM to meet the increased customer demand to avoid the high cost of building another FAM The difficulty with an increased production rate however is that our sponsors believe that the current liquid dispense system can not expel the liquid faster without causing unacceptable error and contamination Dade Behring has therefore asked the senior design team to design a bench top test bed of a liquid dispense system similar to the dispense system used in the FAM lines This test bed will lead to the design of an improved dispensing system that can operate at faster speeds with equal or higher precision than the current system The final project for the Dade Behring Liquid Dispense System includes a fully functional offline bench top test bed designed by us team with dual electromechanical and pneumatic pump system along with various preliminary testing results Tests include analysis of the current liquid dispense system and scouting tests for the optimum pump speed for fastest productivity without splashing In addition the team pro
7. ek eh ohne ens drei eh 23 7 0 Appendix A 7 1 Drawing Linear Encoder 24 7 2 Drawing Tubing 1 25 7 3 Drawing Tubing Holder 26 7 4 Circuit 27 7 5 Motor Dimension 28 7 6 Linear Encoder 1 29 7 7 EFD Nozzle amp Luer Lok Information Pictures 30 7 8 8020 Quickframe 31 1 9 Tubing Information 40g BAG hes be ERI ETE 31 410 Gant ana PROP Ath e SR Rie RO 32 7 11 UDesign Spreadsheets ars ALLA Rl eee Gh Xa i 33 7 12 Example Testing 35 7 13 Drawing 35 8 0 Appendix 8 1 Accuracy Testing 36 8 1 1 Pneumatic Large ID eene Aes ERE 36 8 1 2 Electro Mechanical Large ID 40 8 1 3 Pneumatic Medium 44 8 1 4 Electro Mechanical Medium 10 46 8 2 Pneumatic Pumping at Various Micrometer Settings Test Results 48 8 3 Precision vs Velocity Test SI 8 3 1 Trial 1 limited range of velocities 51 8 3 2 T
8. 50 60 70 Dispense Degree Next we conducted the Splash Test Since different reagents are pumped into each well the point at which splashing occurs is valuable because any splashing from one well to another causes unacceptable contamination To test for splashing we dispensed a fluorescence solution at a maximum fill volume into a flex We gradually increased the dispense velocity using the electro mechanical system to determine at what velocity splashing began To aid in the visual detection of splashing we performed the test under a black light causing the solution to glow brightly We could then clearly see any contamination in an adjacent well or any splashing onto the paper we placed around the dispense station figure 13a and 13b Our results showed that splashing began at dispense velocities higher then 1 2 in sec which is significantly higher then the velocity we estimated that the dispense station on the FAM line is currently pumping at according to figure 11 0 66 in sec 19 Figure 13a Figure 13b Our final scouting test was the Velocity Precision Test Once again we measured CV this time pumping deionized water at zero degree dispense at various velocities Originally we only tested velocities between Dade Behring s current pumping speed estimated at around 0 6 in sec and the maximum velocity of 1 2 in sec from our splash test This trial Trial 1 is indicated by the pink line in figure 14 However this data se
9. 61 7 115 6 0 75 42 73 7 12 7 0 75 49 848 7 118 8 0 75 56 965 7 117 9 0 75 64 081 7 116 10 0 75 71 2 7 119 7 12 ACV 0 071615443 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Glycine Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 7 115 7 115 2 1 14 23 7 115 3 1 21 345 7 115 4 1 28 455 7 11 5 1 35 573 7 118 6 1 42 686 7 113 7 1 49 8 7 114 8 1 56 915 7 115 9 1 64 03 7 115 10 1 71 146 7 116 mean 7 1146 CV 0 029033131 64 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 25 7 115 7 115 2 1 25 14 233 7 118 3 1 25 21 344 7411 4 1 25 28 458 7 114 5 1 25 35 572 7 114 6 1 25 42 688 7 116 7 1 25 49 804 7 116 8 1 25 56 918 7 114 9 1 25 64 02 7 102 10 1 25 71 137 7 117 7 1137 ACV 0 063922888 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Glycine Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 5 7 107 7 107 2 1 5 14 22 7 113 3 1 5 21 327 7 107 4 1 5 28 437 7 11 5 1 5 35 545 7 108 6 1 5 42 651 7 106 7 1 5 49 766 7 115 8 1 5 56 87 7 104 9 1 5 63 982 7 112 10 1 5 71 095 7 113 7 1095 CV 0 051038613 65 8 4 3 Glycerol 80 SPG 1 20 Note the stroke length is changed again to have near the same dispense volume as in previous experiments 0 Degree An
10. Dade 330 10 Onexia Parts Onexia 5500 Electro Mechanical setup 11 Onexia labor Onexia 500 12 New Tubing Ark Plas 40 13 Dispensing Tips amp Luer Lok EFD 2 14 Plexiglas Dade 200 15 Machinist Work Dade UD 200 16 Support Structure 80 20 30 Table 2 Project Costs Total Outside Cost 6490 Total Borrowed Cost 3385 25 Total Estimated Budget 9875 25 This total cost is for the test bed only The final cost of the project will also include personnel wages for the Dade Behring employees conducting the future testing 22 6 0 Conclusion 6 1 Transition Plan To hand off our project to Dade Behring we are now forwarding all of our data graphs and test results to them This report will act as an explanation of the data but it is we will also personally explain our results to make the data clearer and easier to work with The operating manual included in the appendix is also an essential part of our transition plan to teach future operators how to adjust and run the dispense programs and how to collect data from the PlotPro feature We are formally presenting our work to the engineers leaders and other workers at Dade Behring on Thursday December 16 At that time we will present the test bed to our team and install the necessary programs into an on site computer to create a new user interface for the future operators We hope that we will be able to adequately show the staff how the test bed is used at that time If it is reque
11. Final Test Bed Figure 5 Final Concept Dual System Test Bed Pneumatic Setup Linear Encoder Electro Mechanical Setup Pump Dispense Station Reservoir The two layered format of the test bed shown in figure 5 was designed to recreate the current pumping characteristics of the Dade Behring dispense system as closely as possible This required the pump to be positioned above the reservoir and for the liquid to dispense at height near the fluid level in the reservoir Although the fluid is dispensed at a further horizontal distance from the reservoir in the actual system then in our test bed the team determined that placing the dispense station far away from the reservoir would make the test bed too large for practical use Since the length of tubing in the test bed is identical to the lengths used in the actual system error caused by the orientation and positioning of this tubing should be negligible The lower level of the test 11 bed is also designed to house the electronic hardware for the setup provided by Onexia To protect users and observers from any exposed wires Plexiglas walls have been inserted into the 8020 quick frame product used to support the upper level The wall between the electronics and the reservoir flex dispense station in the front of test bed will also serve to prevent any liquid from splashing onto the electronics We used delrin plastic for the top and bottom floors of the test bed because it was
12. Motion Control Systems Catalog SM233 5 98 82 3750 0000 000 151 9 20 8 9 525 0 000 0 013 28 7 6 Linear Encoder Pictures Series LRxxxG Page 3 04 Guided housing captivates scale into proper gap and alignment allows scale to move with shock vibration Careful gapping and tight mounting tolerances not needed 50 25 10 or 5 micron dependant on model 1MHz maximum 5 VDC 100 mA maximum RS422A compatible TTL differential line driver High flexure 1m shielded cable 9 position sub D plug Guided Guided only 20 m sec 65 6 ft sec max Maintained by guiding M4 x 30mm min 2 places from Onexia s Dynapar Brand Encoders Catalog 29 7 7 EFD Nozzle amp Luer Lok Information Pictures NOTES 1 DIMENSIONE ARE IN INCHES 2 MATERIAL Hte on SC E ES 5 BARE FOR 148 LD TING MALE LUER LOCK n s Ici mec 1 500 554 3484 Pos 401 437 0057 IHE DRAWING FOR THE EXPRESS AND SOLE USE OF ERD SALES ALL RESERVED 2004 EFD wienn com EFD UA e Am CODE unt ond BA 02014 2162 TUBE TO TIP ADAPTER 7 28 04 emailed from EFD employee 30 7 8_8020 Quickframe Bar 1502 T Slotted Extrusion Two open T Slots and two closed profile sides on the 1502 Extrusion allow for increased modularity while maintaining an aesthetic appearance Use 1502 wherever you need a corner on yo
13. Results 8 1 1 Pneumatic Large ID 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 23 7 23 2 14 461 7 231 3 21 692 7 231 4 28 928 7 236 5 36 164 7 236 6 43 403 7 239 7 50 643 7 24 8 57 888 7 245 9 65 129 7 241 10 72 373 7 244 Mean 7 2373 Standard Deviation 0 005417051 9 0 074849063 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 244 7 244 2 14 486 7 242 3 21 72 7 234 4 28 958 7 238 5 36 202 7 244 6 43 447 7 245 7 50 691 7 244 8 57 924 7 233 9 65 159 7 235 10 72 398 7 239 mean 7 2398 36 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 ACV 0 063730882 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 247 7 247 2 14 497 7 25 3 21 743 7 246 4 28 988 7 245 5 36 233 7 245 6 43 475 7 242 7 50 727 7 252 8 57 957 7 23 9 65 209 7 252 1 72 456 7 247 mean 7 2456 Standard Deviation 0 0063456020 9 CV 0 087578698 1 7 255 7 255 2 14 494 7 239 3 21 744 7 25 4 28 987 7 243 5 36 236 7 249 6 43 478 7 242 7 50 729 7 251 8 57 975 7 246 9 65 22 7 245 10 72 48 7 26 mean 7 248 37 YoCV 0 087501369 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micromet
14. bed The electro mechanical system would aid in testing different variables while the pneumatic pumping mechanism would recreate the present setup used by Dade Behring This test bed would be designed so the dispensing process could be observed under either of the two methods We proposed that both mechanisms would be connected to PMAC software installed onto a Dade Behring computer to automatically run dispense programs and to collect timing information and velocity profiles of the pistons for both the mechanical and pneumatic pumping systems To collect this data from the pneumatic system a linear encoder as described in concept 1 seen in figure 2a would be attached to the pump piston head to monitor the motion data from the piston It would also be possible to collect data from the electro mechanical system with the linear encoder since both the pump and linear encoder could be transferred from one system to the other Additionally the ET cylinder attached to the mechanical motor could directly collect this data for the PMAC hardware as described in concept 2 This concept would be beneficial to use for direct comparisons between the two methods It would also allow us to perform numerous manipulations within the setup adjusting one method to create the output of the other Again a container for the electronic equipment would be necessary to improve the aesthetics of the project 3 2 Concept Selection To select from the three concepts we
15. purpose when attached to the mechanical motor while the Linear Encoder collects data from the pump simultaneously This design will be helpful to use for direct comparisons between the two methods 4 2 1 3 Dispensing Station The dispense station of our test bed includes the tubing holder and stand described under Model Construction the specific tubing used to dispense the liquid and an electric balance used during dispense tests Originally our team had intended to include various optional dispense nozzles in the dispense station but preliminary tests with the available nozzles which fit our tubing diameters produced horrible test results The nozzles forced the liquid velocity to increase to the point that violent splashing could not be avoided so the nozzle option was discarded Tubing lengths and material must be the same as the tubing currently used in the FAM system Only inner diameters are altered for testing purposes The shorter tube connecting the reservoir to the pump must be cut to 33 in length The longer tube from the pump to the dispense tip must be cut to 72 in length The material must be polyethylene and the company providing the tubing must be approved by Dade Behring to ensure quality before new tubing could be ordered Dade Behring currently uses tubing provided by Freelin Wade http www airoil com ai02015 htm but we did choose a different company that offers a larger variety of tubing sizes However the inabili
16. rated how each of them fulfilled the project s key metrics and requirements refer to Table 1 To keep the comparisons organized we conducted a round robin test taking the best concept and comparing it against the next For the first round we compared the pneumatic setup to the electromechanical setup The electric setup scored higher for our wants than the pneumatic setup due to the wider range of cycle time which will lead to a better understanding of the splashing and aerosol production Our next step was to compare the electro mechanical test bed to the dual test bed The dual test bed satisfied our customer wants more then either previous concept because of the ability to compare the two systems and the control possibilities Since the dual test bed incorporates aspects of the other concepts it will allow us to compare both liquid dispensing methods a servomotor driven pump and a pneumatic air cylinder driven pump under various conditions After comparisons we can attempt to mimic the output of one method with the other under specified conditions For example we could find ideal pumping conditions using the precision and control of the servomotor and then attempt to re create the same results with the pneumatic method If this can be done only small changes would have to be made to the method used at Dade Behring resulting in a small cost increase to change the pumps to a more efficient output 10 4 0 Work Accomplished 4 1
17. 0 Stroke Length 77 1 2 7 183 7 183 2 2 14 383 7 2 3 2 21 576 7 193 4 2 28 763 7 187 5 2 35 954 7 191 6 2 43 147 7 193 7 2 50 341 7 194 8 2 57 531 7 19 9 2 64 726 7 195 10 2 71 915 7 189 mean 7 1915 ACV 0 06497414 57 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke 77 Length 1 0 25 7 198 7 198 2 0 25 14 395 7 197 3 0 25 21 594 7 199 4 0 25 28 794 7 2 5 0 25 35 993 7 199 6 0 25 43 193 7 2 7 0 25 50 397 7 204 8 0 25 57 59 7 193 9 0 25 64 795 7 205 10 0 25 71 999 7 204 mean 7 1999 Acv 0 050905585 58 8 4 Precision Testing for Various Reagents 6 4 1 DM Glycine Buff 2 95 SPG 1 12 Note the stroke length is changed to have near the same dispense volume as in previous experiments 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 0 5 7 128 7 128 2 0 5 14 254 7 126 3 0 5 21 378 7 124 4 0 5 28 501 7 123 5 0 5 35 626 7 125 6 0 5 42 757 7 131 7 0 5 49 884 7 127 8 0 5 57 7 127 9 0 5 64 133 7 122 10 0 5 71 259 7 126 7 1259 ACV 0 036504606 59 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 0 75 7 133 7 133 2 0 7
18. 12 7 168 8 57 287 7 167 9 64 448 7 161 10 71 602 7 154 7 1602 CV 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu 0 068038419 stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 168 7 168 2 14 338 7 17 3 21 509 7 171 4 28 677 7 168 5 35 829 7 152 6 42 994 7 165 7 50 157 7 163 8 57 324 7 167 9 64 485 7 161 10 71 632 7 147 mean 7 1632 ACV 0 110473258 42 60 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 194 7 194 2 14 379 7 185 3 21 571 7 192 4 28 759 7 188 5 35 964 7 205 6 43 177 7 213 7 50 391 7 214 8 57 594 7 203 9 64 81 7 216 10 72 018 7 208 7 2018 CV 60 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu 0 157340837 stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 158 7 158 2 14 321 7 163 3 21 486 7 165 4 28 638 7 152 5 35 801 7 163 6 42 969 7 168 7 50 129 7 16 8 57 293 7 164 9 64 459 7 166 10 71 612 7 153 mean 7 1612 ACV 0 075285582 43 8 1 3 Pneumatic Medium ID 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 275 7 275 2 14 547 7 272 3 21 818 7 271 4 29 095 7 277 5 36 367 7 272 6 43 641 7 274 7 50 914 7 273 8 58 191 7 277 9 65 478 7 28
19. 146 8 1 2 57 156 7 137 9 1 2 64 303 7 147 10 1 2 71 45 7 147 mean 7 145 CV 0 051529559 53 8 3 2 Trial 2 wider range of velocities 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 0 25 7 259 7 259 2 0 25 14 527 7 268 3 0 25 21 786 7 259 4 0 25 29 046 7 26 5 0 25 36 307 7 261 6 0 25 43 534 7 227 7 0 25 50 795 7 261 8 0 25 58 05 7 255 9 0 25 65 299 7 249 10 0 25 72 555 7 256 7 2555 ACV 0 153511446 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 0 5 7 243 7 243 2 0 5 14 486 7 243 3 0 5 21 723 7 237 4 0 5 28 961 7 238 5 0 5 36 198 7 237 6 0 5 43 434 7 236 7 0 5 50 673 7 239 8 0 5 57 899 7 226 9 0 5 65 139 7 24 10 0 5 72 378 7 239 7 2378 ACV 0 066036451 54 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77 1 0 75 7 238 7 238 2 0 75 14 47 7 232 3 0 75 21 704 7 234 4 0 75 28 934 7 23 5 0 75 36 159 7 225 6 0 75 43 392 7 233 7 0 75 50 627 7 235 8 0 75 57 86 7 233 9 0 75 65 092 7 232 10 0 75 72 328 7 236 7 2328 ACV 0 04912035 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized Water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 77
20. 2 7 197 mean 7 2012 ACV 0 038616996 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 80 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 63 1 1 5 7 198 7 198 2 1 5 14 404 7 206 3 1 5 21 601 7 197 4 1 5 28 8 7 199 5 1 5 36 001 7 201 6 1 5 43 198 7 197 7 1 5 50 398 7 2 8 1 5 57 594 7 196 9 1 5 64 794 7 2 10 1 5 71 993 7 199 mean 7 1993 CV 0 039314803 68 8 5 Splash Testing Test 1 Medium viscosity electro mechanical setup accel time is 50 stroke length 765 1 fluorescein solution in deionized water Dispensing in middle of flex Height at 3 inches No nozzles Medium tubing ID 1 0 5 No 2 0 5 No 3 0 7 No 4 0 7 No 5 0 9 No 6 0 9 No 7 1 1 No 8 1 1 No 9 1 3 No 10 1 3 No 11 1 5 No 12 1 5 No Showing up on 13 1 7 top of well 14 1 7 No Out of well and onto nesting holders but not 15 1 9 Yes into other wells Decided to continue testing at this speed for 16 1 9 No further data 17 1 9 No Large splash out of well onto 18 1 9 Yes nesting area Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 69 19 1 8 Close but no splashing 20 1 8 No Close but no splashing Splashing in between w
21. 25 7 3 Drawing Tubing Holder Stand p T 81 01 800 ws PUTTS SUL UBisaq SNP M 1J3r0 d 230 50 YIN vE LT TYNOUSVHS aco X 007 XXX WHO 913104 3943543704 suid 403 HH S3UIUI SHUN 2524949317 08 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q o c Q Q 26 7 4 Circuit Diagram Aapo2u3 407030 244 asepun 2 09 payDozzo aq Ajay 0442410 dung SUL LON 3204433UI 954957 4a rdum 15 5 42944499 5 5 asuadsig pinbr OOS HI0AJ3S3 r amp b agni 3Ua AY33A 04 IAUNA 27 7 5 Motor Dimension Pictures 4x 0 218 5 54 THRU HOLES EQUALLY SPACED 02 625 66 68 BOLT CIRCLE 1 856 SQ 47 15 2 25 SQ 57 2 094 Lp 230 F FLAT SM230 416 1 25 31 8 10 56 LO e Key L LONG SHAFT 340 8 64 O FLAT SM231 SM232 SM233 01 500 001 38 1 0 02 Motor Length Shaft Length Shaft Diameter sZ 3 36 2500 0000 0005 85 3 6 350 0 000 0 013 3 98 3750 0000 0005 101 1 9 525 0 000 0 013 4 98 3750 0000 0005 126 5 20 8 9 525 0 000 0 013 from Onexia s Parker
22. 5 14 252 7 119 3 0 75 21 375 7 123 4 0 75 28 495 7 12 5 0 75 35 61 7 115 6 0 75 42 73 7 12 7 0 75 49 848 7 118 8 0 75 56 965 7 117 9 0 75 64 081 7 116 10 0 75 71 2 7 119 7 12 ACV 0 071615443 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Glycine Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 7 115 7 115 2 1 14 23 7 115 3 1 21 345 7 115 4 1 28 455 7 11 5 1 35 573 7 118 6 1 42 686 7 113 7 1 49 8 7 114 8 1 56 915 7 115 9 1 64 03 7 115 10 1 71 146 7 116 mean 7 1146 CV 0 029033131 60 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 25 7 115 7 115 2 1 25 14 233 7 118 3 1 25 21 344 7411 4 1 25 28 458 7 114 5 1 25 35 572 7 114 6 1 25 42 688 7 116 7 1 25 49 804 7 116 8 1 25 56 918 7 114 9 1 25 64 02 7 102 10 1 25 71 137 7 117 7 1137 ACV 0 063922888 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Glycine Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 5 7 107 7 107 2 1 5 14 22 7 113 3 1 5 21 327 7 107 4 1 5 28 437 7 11 5 1 5 35 545 7 108 6 1 5 42 651 7 106 7 1 5 49 766 7 115 8 1 5 56 87 7 104 9 1 5 63 982 7 112 10 1 5 71 095 7 113 7 1095 CV 0 051038613 61 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 50 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stro
23. 7 10 72 751 7 273 7 2751 CV 0 063965485 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 286 7 286 2 14 587 7 301 3 21 867 7 28 4 29 152 7 285 5 36 443 7 291 6 43 715 7 272 7 50 998 7 283 8 58 278 7 28 9 65 558 7 28 10 72 839 7 281 mean 7 2839 44 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 ACV 0 106825067 60 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 274 7 274 2 14 55 7 276 3 21 829 7 279 4 29 1 7 271 5 36 368 7 268 6 43 637 7 269 7 50 91 7 273 8 58 199 7 289 9 65 474 7 275 1 72 753 7 279 mean 7 2753 CV 0 083746386 1 7 28 7 28 2 14 558 7 278 3 21 841 7 283 4 29 126 7 285 5 36 41 7 284 6 43 687 7 277 7 50 912 7 225 8 58 247 7 335 9 65 525 7 278 10 72 81 7 285 mean 7 281 45 YoCV 0 358499692 8 1 4 Electro Mechanical Medium ID 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setup stroke length 0 765 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 12 7 12 2 14 241 7 121 3 21 361 7 12 4 28 478 7 117 5 35 592 7 114 6 42 708 7 116 7 49 817 7 109 8 56 928 7 111 9 64 04 7 112 10 71 144 7 104 mean 7 1144 0 077044885 30 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setup stroke
24. 769 6 555 6 39 327 6 558 7 45 881 6 554 8 52 421 6 54 9 58 975 6 554 10 65 529 6 554 mean 6 5529 0 090839025 48 Micrometer 7 5 Deionized water 1 6 802 6 802 2 13 592 6 79 3 20 391 6 799 4 27 194 6 803 5 33 988 6 794 6 40 785 6 797 7 47 587 6 802 8 54 383 6 796 9 61 182 6 799 10 67 975 6 793 mean 6 7975 0 063275655 Pneumatic Setup Micrometer 7 75 Deionized water 1 7 037 7 037 2 14 078 7 041 3 21 106 7 028 4 28 14 7 034 5 35 167 7 027 6 42 204 7 037 7 49 237 7 033 8 56 27 7 033 9 63 306 7 036 10 70 346 7 04 7 0346 0 065384199 49 Pneumatic Setup Micrometer 8 00 Deionized water 1 7 258 7 258 2 14 521 7 263 3 21 789 7 268 4 29 045 7 256 5 36 311 7 266 6 43 581 7 27 7 50 84 7 259 8 58 106 7 266 9 65 372 7 266 10 72 64 7 268 mean 7 264 0 065862243 8 3 Precision vs Velocity Test Results 8 3 1 Trial 1 limited range of velocities 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 765 Trial Velocity ___ Total Mass g Mass Difference 9 1 0 5 7 187 7 187 2 0 5 14 373 7 186 3 0 5 21 56 7 187 4 0 5 28 747 7 187 5 0 5 35 927 7 18 6 0 5 43 117 7 19 7 0 5 50 3 7 183 8 0 5 57 484 7 184 9 0 5 64 666 7 182 10 0 5 71 848 7 182 mea
25. Offline Liquid Dispense Test Bed Final Report for Team 4 Phase 3 To From CC Date Jim Kegelman and Scott Brown Charlie Garber Bill Reid and Christine Tate Senior Design Staff December 15 2004 Table of Contents 1 0 Project Introduction 1 1 Purpose and Approach of 6 1 2 Project Goals isla lA 6 2 0 Customer Requirements Dele Customers e EI equ PLE a 7 2 2 Wants Metrics amp Target 7 en 7 3 0 Concept Generation amp Selection 3 1 Concept 8 A Concept Selecion doe CREER Eee 8 4 0 Work Accomplished 4 1 Final Fest Bedigree ei EA DERE RE ROR OR S 11 4 2 Model 13 4 2 1 Test Bed Subsystems 14 4 2 1 1 1 14 2212 Pneumatic ESAE AER 14 4 2 1 3 Dispensing 15 42 1 4 15 16 4 3 1 Validation Lesung BET 4 3 2 Scouting estie cocco sexe RR e ASS P RR RE P 18 5 0 Budget Status 5 1 Cost Analysis amp Budget 22 6 0 Conclusion Ox wee ey OQ VE etn PACA RAN 23 6 2 Conclusioni P ee nudos a err hand ody
26. age will appear if you try to change the program and do not do this Switch to the program script window and click on the Dade U of D Setup program tab to access this particular program Now press the save button the diskette icon and the download button the yellow arrow pointed down When you hit the download button a window will pop up and ask if you want to Check Sums choose yes Then the program proceeds to Checks Sums as seen by a blue bar going across the bottom of the program window 14 Next choose the solenoid program tab to access that particular program 15 16 Scroll through the program script to find the variables that you want to alter There are only two variables that can be altered in the solenoid program a LoopNumber the number of times the solenoid valve will switch back and forth i e the number of times the pneumatic cylinder will pump b Dwell the time in milliseconds between the time the solenoid switches the air flow from one chamber in the pneumatic cylinder to another i e the time between stroke and draw There are actually 4 dwell settings in the program The only ones that need to be altered are 73 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 i The 1 dwell which controls the time between the beginning of the stroke and the beginning of the draw The 2 dwell time should remain 0 ii The 3 dwell which controls the time between the beginning of
27. are We can now alter many variables such as velocity acceleration and motion profile of the ET cylinder To control the pneumatic system through the user interface we wrote a new program to flip the solenoid valve This program also described in the user manual controls the dwell time between the switch of air flow in the solenoid valve causing the driver in the pneumatic cylinder to extend or contract Finally the PlotPro feature in motion planner is used to collect and interpret the data from the linear encoder and the ET cylinder through the user interface This feature allows users to create plots of position velocity or acceleration vs time for a pump stroke While the data from the linear encoder must be read to gather these plots for the pneumatic system the mechanical system can obtain these plots either through the linear encoder or directly through the cylinder The option for where the information is read from is set through the PlotPro feature See the user manual appendix for more details on how to edit and run these programs 4 3 Testing Testing our final model of the dual test bed was a two step process First we had to validate that it met all of our performance specs we determined in the earlier part of the project The next step was to do initial scouting tests on improving their liquid dispensing process These tests included 1 Angle Precision 2 Velocity Precision 3 Splash Test These will be described in mor
28. d D Precision anti rotation motor inline mounting bearing carriage Ball or Acme nut Extruded switch and sensor T slot Combination lip and wiper seal Angular contact thrust bearings Quality rolled ball or Anodized aluminum Acme screw acutator body Ground and polished stainless steel thrust tube Long length rod bearing Figure 3 ET Cylinder Variables and testing procedures for this concept would be similar to those described in our first concept The major difference for testing would be that velocity and acceleration controls would be much more accurate in tests when using the electro mechanical system Therefore when testing the impact of different variables in the driver head the electro mechanical Figure 4 Brushless system is clearly the more desirable of the two concepts However this concept has a significant disadvantage Our Servo Motor sponsors have explained that the cost benefits of speeding up the dispense system would not justify the cost of buying and installing 80 ET cylinders and motors that would be needed to re create the test bed s determined testing procedure in FAM line While testing is easier and more accurate this concept may not give relevant information because adjustments must be made to the current pneumatic system Concept 3 Dual Test Bed Our final proposed concept used both the described mechanical and pneumatic pumping mechanisms on the same test
29. der or the Pneumatic Actuator 3 Insert flex between the flex holding rails to ensure proper alignment 4 If pump is attached to the ET cylinder program the desired velocity acceleration and stroke length into the PMAC system If the Pneumatic Actuator is used adjust to the desired stroke length and adjust air controls Note the information for pumping variables in the spreadsheets 5 Turn on black light near the flex bed to check for aerosols during testing 6 Run the program for the appropriate system 7 Closely observe the fluid dispense under the black light to check for any aerosols or splashing 8 Make notes to describe any splashing that was observed Note if none was observed 9 Remove flex from test bed and weigh the entire flex noting this weight on the spreadsheet 10 Use PLOTPRO to obtain desired graphs of system from the linear encoder or directly from the ET cylinder 11 Repeat test with identical setup at least ten times to test for consistency 12 Change independent variable s and repeat procedure 7 13 Drawing References Figure 1 Current Dispense from Dade Behring Figure 3 ETB Series Electric Cylinder from Onexia s Parker Electromechanical Actuator Products Catalog Figure 4 Brushless Servo Motor from Onexia s Parker Motion Control Systems Catalog Figure 9 Linear Encoder Head amp Linear Scale from Onexia s Dynapar Brand Encoders Catalog 35 Appendix 8 1 Testing
30. e detail below 4 3 1 Validation Our first goal was to show that we could repeatedly dispense volumes of liquids with a high precision Precision was measured by the percent coefficient of variation CV is calculated as the standard deviation of a set of data divided by the mean of the data This quotient is then multiplied by 100 for the To measure dispense volume we dispensed the liquids into a cup on top of an electric balance and recorded the mass of the total liquid after each dispense into an Excel spreadsheet This Excel file along with the Excel files of other testing data may be found in the appendix We calculated the CV to be 0639 set of ten dispense volumes for deionized water from the pneumatic system with flow controls open and with the larger tubing diameter used in the current FAM lines This is far below our target value of 1 CV for precision testing meaning that the pneumatic system was much more precise than what had been required A similar test with deionized water dispensed at a velocity of 0 7 in sec produced a CV of 0 077 again well below our target value Since these results indicated that the pneumatic was as precise as or more precise than our electro 16 mechanical system we conducted further validation testing only on the electro mechanical system because it is easier to control and record the flow variables for this system Next we tested precision dispensing three reagents in ou
31. e held vertically above the cup or well as is used in the current FAM line Again we calculated CV 18 for the liquid mass of ten similar dispenses to determine precision We tested precision at dispense angles of 0 30 45 and 60 degrees for both systems using both our largest inner diameter tubing Large ID which we ordered from a company called Ark Plaas as well as the larger tubing diameter used at DB medium ID We did not test the smaller tubing diameter used at DB because we were conducting the test for our maximum fill volume which the smaller ID tubing would not be used for Figure 12 shows the results of this test There appears to be no significant change in precision below 45 degrees for any combination of system and tubing diameter However precisions at a 60 degree dispense is still above the required precision although still less precise then at lower angles Considering time constraints we conducted the remainder of our scouting tests at dispense angle of 0 degrees with the Med ID tubing because this is the setup of the current dispense station at DB and we have shown that it is one of the most precise methods for dispensing liquid Figure 12 CV vs Dispense Degree 0 4 Pneumatic Large ID 0 35 E Pneumatic Med ID 0 3 Electro Mechanical 0 29 Large ID Electro Mechanical Med ID CV 0 15 0 1 4 0 05 0 10 20 30 40
32. ells but not into the 21 1 8 Yes other Splashing in between wells but not into the 22 1 8 Yes other Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 23 1 7 Yes Well to well splashing Lots of splashing well 24 1 7 to well Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 25 1 6 Yes In between wells Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 26 1 5 No On top of well 27 1 5 Yes In between wells Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 28 1 4 No 29 1 4 No little on top of well 30 1 4 Yes In between wells Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our wa
33. emed to indicate that precision increased at the two velocity extremes which was unexpected So we repeated the test over a wider range of velocities Trial 2 and saw that precision did decline again as velocities continued to increase or decrease We repeated this test again with our various reagents figure 15 and saw no particular pattern between the velocity and precision although all CV recorded was still well below our target value of 1 CV 20 Figure 14 Velocity Precision Deionized Water EM System 0 18 0 16 0 14 Trial 2 E Trial 1 0 12 0 1 CV 0 08 0 06 0 04 0 02 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 Velocity in sec Figure 15 Velocity Precision in Various Reagents Glycerol 80 0 02 Glycerol 50 0 01 DM Glycine Buff 2 95M 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 Velocity in sec 21 5 0 Budget Status 5 1 Cost Analysis amp Budget Status Table 2 shows our updated budget taking items and those that we have purchased into account the prices of borrowed Part Description Supplier Price 1 Micrometer Cylinder Dade 1100 2 Dispense Pump Dade 1160 25 3 Reservoir Dade 30 4 Tubing Dade 24 5 Delrin Slab Dade 116 6 Solenoid valve Dade 225 7 Actuator coupling HiBar 200 8 Pump guide clamps HiBar 200 9 Tubing Holder
34. er setting 7 485 1 7 26 7 26 2 14 518 7 258 3 21 769 7 251 4 29 031 7 262 5 36 291 7 26 6 43 543 7 252 7 50 807 7 264 8 58 065 7 258 9 65 31 7 245 10 72 572 7 262 mean 7 2572 0 082625464 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 261 7 261 2 14 508 7 247 3 21 759 7 251 4 29 016 7 257 5 36 274 7 258 6 43 524 7 25 7 50 769 7 245 8 58 026 7 257 9 65 285 7 259 10 72 527 7 242 mean 7 2527 38 0 090775157 60 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 263 7 263 2 14 519 7 256 3 21 775 7 256 4 29 037 7 262 5 36 29 7 253 6 43 548 7 258 7 50 809 7 261 8 58 053 7 244 9 65 316 7 263 10 72 579 7 263 Cv 0 083291312 60 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water pneumatic setup micrometer setting 7 485 1 7 265 7 265 2 14 525 7 26 3 21 78 7 255 4 29 043 7 263 5 36 3 7 257 6 43 551 7 251 7 50 813 7 262 8 58 059 7 246 9 65 327 7 268 10 72 585 7 258 39 7 2585 YCV 0 091212712 8 1 2 Electro Mechanical Large ID 0 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setup stroke length 0 773 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 205 7 205 2 14 412 7 207 3 21 618 7 206 4 28 828 7 21 5 36 027 7 199
35. gle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 80 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 63 1 0 5 7 18 7 18 2 0 5 14 361 7 181 3 0 5 21 545 7 184 4 0 5 28 73 7 185 5 0 5 35 918 7 188 6 0 5 43 107 7 189 7 0 5 50 299 7 192 8 0 5 57 7 197 9 0 5 64 687 7 191 10 0 5 71 883 7 196 7 1883 ACV 0 081395126 66 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 80 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 63 1 0 75 7 192 7 192 2 0 75 14 388 7 196 3 0 75 21 582 7 194 4 0 75 28 776 7 194 5 0 75 35 97 7 194 6 0 75 43 163 7 193 7 0 75 50 361 7 198 8 0 75 57 558 7 197 9 0 75 64 753 7 195 10 0 75 71 95 7 197 mean 7 195 ACV 0 027013907 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 80 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 63 1 1 7 2 7 2 2 1 14 4 7 2 3 1 21 597 7 197 4 1 28 795 7 198 5 1 35 994 7 199 6 1 43 19 7 196 7 1 50 39 7 2 8 1 57 589 7 199 9 1 64 788 7 199 10 1 71 99 7 202 mean 7 199 ACV 0 023609851 67 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 80 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 63 1 1 25 7 204 7 204 2 1 25 14 407 7 203 3 1 25 21 605 7 198 4 1 25 28 809 7 204 5 1 25 36 014 7 205 6 1 25 43 214 7 2 7 1 25 50 416 7 202 8 1 25 57 615 7 199 9 1 25 64 815 7 2 10 1 25 72 01
36. held on a level surface This was an additional way for us to validate our test bed Another innovative feature of our test bed is the adjustability of the liquid dispense station designed by the team This design allows the tubing holder to be adjusted in the X Y and Z directions as well as the angle relative to the Flex It is even possible to adjust the angle relative to the vertical at which the liquid is dispensed Adjusting the dispense relative to the flex in the X direction can be done by simply moving a dowel to different placement holes between the flex holding walls the walls are visible on either side of the flex in figure 8 in the delrin floor of the dispense station The flex is then slid between the holding walls and pushed up against the adjusted dowel pin placing different wells directly under the dispensing tube To adjust the tubing holder in the Y direction an optional spacer is included into our design which can be placed between the tubing holder and the holder stand figure 7 Including the spacer will result in dispensing into the center of the well while removing the spacer creates a dispense closer to the edge of the well Additionally adding a different spacer only above or below the bolts of the tubing stand will change the angle of the dispense relative to the flex Figure 7 Tubing Holder Spacer Finally to allow for adjusting the holder in the Z direction vertically up and down the Peg in
37. ing 29 Range of volume 30 31 score 55 15 21 20 0 8 03 Ordered wants Determine starting point of aerosols Data Output Reasonable cost Easy to use Range of cycle time Long Lasting Range of volume SUM 33 score scr SUM 100 313 170 140 13 6 10 2 5 7 23 AQUUIA eun y SI 2 2 5 Z PUNOI SULA 2 SAG PUNOI sut 2 1de2uo3 Z punoy g 05 O91 os O91 51239 027 51289 002 81035 xeu SE og xieuiuauaq NEM ___ Pes i e eee i i i _____ i mj eee eee eeu rp9 ww 5 965 DELL SG f s ea 5 s 31949 m ee EE abesnjo 988 _ e 5 oz 8 1500 __ S 3 sudelo 5 0281 10 048 11 1 1 a s oret sausenspanasgo 1062005 soo Jo __ 19053 gidesuso v ideouo H 3 a 3 w 88 2142 1 3492005 34 7 12 Example Testing Procedure 1 Fill the reservoir with a fluorescent mixture noting the viscosity level on the spreadsheet and secure the lid of the reservoir 2 Attach cylinder pump to either the ET cylin
38. ion between reagents in different wells of the flex This will help Dade Behring avoid the expense of building another line The concept selected is a dual test bed which includes an electro mechanical setup combined with a pneumatic air pump system which is currently used at Dade Behring Our final test bed has been finished and consists of a two layer system that separates the pumping mechanisms from the pump station and electronics We have also done tests to validate that our tests bed accurately recreates the current dispense techniques Furthermore we have begun preliminary scouting tests on variables such as dispense angle and velocity to test for precision and splashing during dispense Our preliminary results show that Dade Behring is currently dispensing at speeds well below what would cause splashing so there is a good chance that the dispense velocity can be increased We recommend future testing to verify our results as well as to conduct additional tests that we were unable to do considering our time constraint A user manual is included in this report to briefly describe how to alter and run the programs controlling the dispense variables as well as how to collect dispense information from the user interface 1 0 Project Introduction 1 1 Purpose and Approach of Project Currently the Dade Behring company uses a liquid dispense system figure 1 driven by air pumps to dispense medical fluids of varying characteristics into small
39. k Sums a Choose yes 72 14 15 16 17 Now go back to the terminal window Type m500 1010 a This resets the motor and gets it ready for use note that during this the E M arm will move slightly as the position is homed Now type blr in the terminal window to run the E M system Now you can continue to go back and forth between the terminal window and the program window following steps s 6 17 Pneumatic System tou 10 11 12 13 Accessing the Pneumatic system is very similar to accessing the E M system Double click on the PE Win 32 Pro icon to access the program Motion Planner will open a Goto file and choose the open command Find and choose the Dade U of D Setup This will bring up the Dade U of D Setup program window a This particular program allows the user to control alter and run the Electro Mechanical system Once again go to file and choose the open command Now find and choose the solenoid program a This program allows the user to control the pneumatic system Before you can alter the program you have to access the terminal window which is the window with the blue colored background Now with this window open a Hit the control key and the k at the same time b Then hit the control key and the 4 key simultaneously c This is to shut off power to the motor and hardware so that the program can be changed otherwise an error mess
40. ke Length 675 1 1 25 7 253 7 253 2 1 25 14 5 7 247 3 1 25 21 75 7 25 4 1 25 28 998 7 248 5 1 25 36 25 7 252 6 1 25 43 496 7 246 7 1 25 50 747 7 251 8 1 25 57 997 7 25 9 1 25 65 251 7 254 10 1 25 72 5 7 249 mean 7 25 ACV 0 03561364 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Glycerol 50 Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 1 5 7 248 7 248 2 1 5 14 496 7 248 3 1 5 21 744 7 248 4 1 5 28 979 7 235 5 1 5 36 224 7 245 6 1 5 43 473 7 249 7 1 5 50 725 7 252 8 1 5 57 97 7 245 9 1 5 65 223 7 253 10 1 5 72 472 7 249 mean 7 2472 ACV 0 068777185 62 8 4 2 Glycerol 50 SPG 1 15 Note the stroke length is changed to have near the same dispense volume as in previous experiments 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke 675 Length ACV 1 0 5 7 128 7 128 2 0 5 14 254 7 126 3 0 5 21 378 7 124 4 0 5 28 501 7 123 5 0 5 35 626 7 125 6 0 5 42 757 7 131 7 0 5 49 884 7 127 8 0 5 57 7 127 9 0 5 64 133 7 122 10 0 5 71 259 7 126 mean 7 1259 0 036504606 63 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID DM Buff 2 95M Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 675 1 0 75 7 133 7 133 2 0 75 14 252 7 119 3 0 75 21 375 7 123 4 0 75 28 495 7 12 5 0 75 35
41. length 0 765 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 13 7 13 2 14 249 7 119 3 21 353 7 104 4 28 474 7 121 5 35 588 7 114 6 42 714 7 126 7 49 83 7 116 8 56 943 7 113 9 64 066 7 123 10 71 175 7 109 7 1175 CV 0 111074031 46 45 Degree Angle Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setu stroke length 0 765 accel 50 7 1 7 146 7 146 2 14 29 7 144 3 21 434 7 144 4 28 574 7 14 5 35 724 7 15 6 42 874 7 15 7 50 002 7 128 8 57 143 7 141 9 64 288 7 145 10 71 424 7 136 7 1424 CV 60 Degree Angle 0 092918331 Test 1 Deionized water electro mechanical setup stroke length 0 765 accel 50 vel 7 1 7 12 7 12 2 14 258 7 138 3 21 391 7 133 4 28 522 7 131 5 35 648 7 126 6 42 769 7 121 7 49 909 7 14 8 57 03 7 121 9 64 157 7 127 10 71 276 7 119 mean 7 1276 CV 0 107094401 47 8 2 Pneumatic Pumping at Various Micrometer Settings Testing Results Micrometer 7 00 Deionized water 1 6 318 6 318 2 12 632 6 314 3 18 94 6 308 4 25 236 6 296 5 31 539 6 303 6 37 852 6 313 7 44 164 6 312 8 50 465 6 301 9 56 772 6 307 10 63 076 6 304 mean 6 3076 Acv 0 107057791 Micrometer 7 25 Deionized water 1 6 562 6 562 2 13 114 6 552 3 19 667 6 553 4 26 214 6 547 5 32
42. n To view possible contamination of the flexes during the dispensing process a fluorescein solution would be used This method allows testers to see not only if splashing occurs but also the characteristic of the fluid flow within the well This makes the fluorescein method superior to other contamination testing methods Concept 2 Electro Mechanical Our second concept was to use Onexia products to create a solely electro mechanical pumping system test bed with PMAC software The products for this system were recommended to us as appropriate for our specific pumping requirements The mechanical pumping system would consist of an ETB Series Electric Cylinder figure 3 driven by a SM233AE NION Brushless Servo Motor figure 4 The ET cylinder would be used as the driving mechanism to move the piston and pump the fluid The advantages of using the electro mechanical system include the ability to adjust the flow to fit desired pumping velocity and accelerations The mechanical system is also easier to control and adjust than the pneumatic PMAC software would be used to collect timing information and velocity profiles of the driver head This software would be helpful for comparing different tests and the motor would provide easy alterations to the system It would be necessary to construct a housing element for containing the electronics for the bench top to improve aesthetics of the project for this concept Parker step brushless prene
43. n 7 1848 CV 0 042924075 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 765 1 0 7 7 14 7 14 2 0 7 14 289 7 149 3 0 7 21 432 7 143 4 0 7 28 577 7 145 5 0 7 35 725 7 148 6 0 7 42 866 7 141 7 0 7 50 014 7 148 8 0 7 57 166 7 152 9 0 7 64 314 7 148 10 0 7 71 463 7 149 7 1463 ACV 0 054415994 51 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 765 1 0 9 7 123 7 123 2 0 9 14 257 7 134 3 0 9 21 382 7 125 4 0 9 28 512 7 13 5 0 9 35 642 7 13 6 0 9 42 769 7 127 7 0 9 49 89 7 121 8 0 9 57 008 7 118 9 0 9 64 136 7 128 10 0 9 71 261 7 125 mean 7 1261 CV 0 0663005 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke Length 765 1 1 1 7 119 7 119 2 1 1 14 24 7 121 3 1 1 21 351 7 111 4 1 1 28 468 7 117 5 1 1 35 586 7 118 6 1 1 42 711 7 125 7 1 1 49 828 7 117 8 1 1 56 95 7 122 9 1 1 64 065 7 115 10 1 1 71 192 7 127 7 1192 0 066480276 0 Degree Angle Medium Tubing ID Deionized water Electro mechanical Accel time 50 Stroke 765 Length 1 1 2 7 14 7 14 2 1 2 14 287 7 147 3 1 2 21 436 7 149 4 1 2 28 583 7 147 5 1 2 35 728 7 145 6 1 2 42 873 7 145 7 1 2 50 019 7
44. ns to the problem After research and several meetings with our sponsors at Dade Behring we were able to refine our ideas into three concepts Concept 1 Pneumatic Presently the Dade Behring Company uses a pneumatic pumping mechanism in its liquid dispensing stations This method uses an air cylinder controlled by a solenoid Pneumatic cylinder Linear Encoder Figure 2a Pneumatic Figure 2b Solenoid Valve driver and pump valve to pump the liquid figure 2a and 2b Our first concept was to create a test bed designed to re create this existing system A linear encoder attached to the pneumatic actuator would monitor the motion of the cylinder for data collection Labview software would interpret and collect the data for this system Testing variables were to include alternate tubing diameters nozzles and dispense angles to manipulate the fluid flow and test for various dispensing methods to find which will dispense the fluid the quickest without contamination or inconsistencies Detachable nozzles would alter the fluid flow while it was being dispensed Nozzles could also provide the option for changing flow direction into the flex possibly aiming the fluid to flow down the side of the flex An electronic scale would be used to test for dispense volume accuracy and precision but not directly incorporated into the test bed This would allow for a more rapid fluid dispense demonstratio
45. oducts we retrieved from Dade Behring such as the pump and the anti rotation uprights are actually used on both systems so that the mechanical system resembles the current pumping system as much as possible while the pneumatic system is similar in basically every aspect The linear encoder however was a new product we purchased specifically because it ___ was needed to gather information from the pneumatic system z ra although it is now used to gather information from both Figure 9 Linear systems Once we conferred with Jon Lewis from Onexia to Encoder 14 find an appropriate model and decided to purchase the Danaher Controls Model LR005GD3 Linear Encoder Read Head amp Model LS002GC Linear Scale figure 9 When the Linear Encoder Head and Linear Scale are combined they create a linear measurement system that provides excellent speed and resolution data feedback Furthermore because of its precision and speed it is ideal for our use in motion feedback which meets our requirements for the test bed design As described in concept 3 both mechanisms are connected to PMAC hardware which is controlled by a motion planner program presently installed onto a laptop The PMAC hardware uses a Delta Tau Model PMAC Lite Multi Axis Controller which aids in collecting timing information and velocity profiles of the pistons for both the mechanical and pneumatic pumping systems through the linear encoder The ET cylinder will serve the same
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47. pen command Find and choose the Dade U of Setup a This particular program allows the user to control alter and run the Electro Mechanical system This will bring up the Dade U of D Setup program window Before you can alter the program you have to access the terminal window which is the window with the blue colored background Now with this window open a Hit the control key and the at the same time b Then hit the control key and the d key simultaneously also c This is to shut off power to the motor and hardware so that the program can be changed otherwise an error message will appear if you try to change the program and do not do this Now to see and alter the Dade U of D Setup program click back to that program script window The variables to change are located towards the end of the program script Eventually you will find these variables and set values for them The variables to alter are the following AccelTime the acceleration in sec b MoveVelocity the velocity in sec c MovePosition the stroke length inches d LoopTimes the number of times the E M motor will pump Set the variables for your test 2 in sec is a fast velocity for liquid dispense Now press the save button the diskette icon and the download button the yellow arrow pointed down When you hit the download button a window will pop up and ask if you want to Chec
48. r electro mechanical system Glycerol 80 Glycerol 50 and DM Glycine Buff 2 95M These reagents cover the range of viscosities for the reagents pumped at Dade Behring and were therefore needed to validate our test bed for the current system At 0 75 in sec the for ten dispense volumes of Glyercerol 80 Glycerol 50 and DM Glycine Buff were 0 0270 0 0816 and 0 0716 indicating that the range of viscosities would not significantly impact the precision of the dispense Next we wanted to show that the velocity and stroke length entered into the user interface for the electro mechanical system matched the output from the linear encoder plots Figure 10 shows that the plots from linear encoder data from dispenses at a high and low velocity relative to the acceptable dispense speeds did closely match the input velocities The input stroke length for both dispenses was set at 0 77 inches which is slightly more then the displacement measured from the graphs We realize that this must Figure 10 Position Time Plots Deionized Water EM System Displacement in Time s be a result of the imperfect coupling between the driver and the pump which will allow the driver to move slightly before the pump begins to move Since the linear encoder is 17 attached to the pump head it is not surprising that these plots would show this slightly smaller displacement value then what was entered for the ET cylinder Finally we valida
49. reasonably strong without becoming unmanageable to work with The ET cylinder with motor mounted on top and the pneumatic actuator are attached to the top layer of the test bed as shown The pump and linear encoder are moved between the two driving systems Lin ar Once the pump is in position the linear Encoder gt A encoder is linked to the pump by a metal Coupler gt m is a arm termed the linear encoder coupler attached to the pin of the pump piston head figure 6 By linking the linear encoder to the pump rather than to the pneumatic actuator we are able to collect linear data for both systems allowing for a direct comparison of motion profiles A ump clamp and anti rotation uprights Fig ure 6 LE Cou pler si placement 4 when the pump is attached to system ensure proper placement and stability of the linear encoder base in both positions two sets of identical placement pegs have been added next to each driving system on the upper level of the test bed The underside of the encoder includes one hole and one slot which the pegs on the test bed slide into and prevent any movement of the encoder stand 12 4 2 Model Construction While constructing our test bed we developed ideas for additional features which would improve the quality of the project One idea was to add adjustable feet on the bottom of our test bed and to incorporate a small level into our design to insure that the well is
50. rial 2 wider range of 54 8 4 Precision Testing for Various Reagents Results 59 8 4 1 DM Glycine Buff 2 95 SPG 1 12 59 8 4 2 Glycerol 50 SPG 1 15 63 8 4 3 Glycerol 80 SPG 1 20 66 8 5 Splash Testing 69 9 0 Appendix 9 1 User Manual for User Interface Tables and Figures Table 1 Metrics and Requirements Table 2 Project Costs Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Current Dispense System Pneumatic System ET Cylinder Servo Motor Final Concept Dual Test Bed Linear Encoder Coupler Tubing Holder Spacer Tubing Holder and Holder Stand Linear Encoder Position Time Plots EM system Position Time Plots Pneumatic System CV vs Dispense angle Splash Tests Velocity Precision Deionized Water Velocity Precision Various Reagents Executive Summary This final project report contains details on our concept design and testing results for an offline testing system to help in improving Dade Behring s liquid dispense system Presently customer demand has increased putting a strain on the current Flex Assembly Machine lines Consumables Engineering wants to determine if the current line can be sped up without causing contaminat
51. serted into placer holes Holder and Stand connected with spacer between holder and stand SL v Bolts slide up slots to insert into holes on tube holder stand was designed with slots and placement holes for the peg in the back of the tubing holder figure 8 This allows for multiple options in testing holder for which variable is most effective in preventing splashing Figure 8 Tubing Holder and Stand We also allow the users to cycle the one pump and linear encoder between systems quickly and easily The linear encoder is properly placed each time by dowel pins which connect to the encoder we 13 fabricated to hold it The pump is portable due to the clamp that holds it to the guides these modifications allow the user to spend more time testing the different variables and less with setup 4 2 1 Test Bed Subsystems 4 2 1 1 Electro Mechanical Setup As described in concept 2 a Brushless Servo Motor figure 4 is the driving mechanism to move the cylinder in the mechanical pumping system A servomotor was recommended by Jon Lewis Area Manager from Onexia as the best for our particular pumping needs because it is more efficient than a step motor in providing the power necessary to pump liquids Additionally this motor is from the SM series which features a slot less stator design which eliminates all detent torque in the motor and in turn allows the SM motor to provide extremely smoo
52. sted we will also return to give a personal tutorial to the Dade Behring engineers Finally we are going to formally suggest the best path forward for dispense testing For example we are suggesting to test for splashing at dispense angles from 0 45 degrees since we determined that the angle has no significant effect on the precision of the dispense but have not discovered if the angle has an affect on splashing 6 2 Conclusion In conclusion we have designed a dual dispense system test bed construction of the model is complete and testing has begun The model has been validated by proving that our test bed can dispense the full range of fluid properties that the current Dade Behring system can within acceptable accuracy limits We also proved that the programmed speed on our electro mechanical setup is accurate by gathering the position time data from the linear encoder We also discovered through the fluorescein splashing tests that the current Dade Behring system is running well within acceptable speeds to prevent splashing From scouting tests we also found that the dispense angle has little effect on precision This is important because the engineers at Dade Behring had noticed that the bottoms of the tubes tend to curl slightly and they were worried about this affecting precision We now know that this is not a major problem because dispense angle does not affect position provided that the liquid does not dispense outside of the well
53. ted that our pneumatic system was pumping near the estimated speed of the current pumps in the FAM lines Based on the indexing time of 1 5 seconds our group was given the estimate that the stroke time in the current dispense station was about 1 second We adjusted the micrometer to 0 8 inch stroke on the cylinder for a maximum fill volume of 0 72 ml to dispense during the strokes since most tests were critical for maximum fill volumes Figure 11 shows that we were indeed mimicking the current setup in the FAM line within the estimate we were given Here it is clear that the velocity for the stroke is slower then the velocity for the draw in the pneumatic system while the velocities remained constant for the electro mechanical systems This was expected because the electro mechanical system is designed for consistent velocities Figure 11 Pneumatic System Position Time 0 6627x 0 0833 y 1 642x 3 6974 Time sec 0 8 Displacement in These tests provided us with sufficient information that our test bed is able to accurately recreate the dispense characteristics of the current dispense station in the FAM lines We were then satisfied that scouting tests to learn how to improve the dispense method used on the FAM line could begin 4 3 2 Scouting Tests Our first scouting test was the Angle Precision Test For this test we tested for the precision at various angles Zero degrees represents the dispense tub
54. th motion especially at reduced speeds This smooth motion is critical because pumping takes place at low speeds and any outside forces could negatively affect the dispensing process A benefit of the slot less design is that it creates higher rotor inertia that is great for applications involving high inertial loads such as lead screws or driving pumps as in our particular case Additional equipment needed for our electromechanical setup is a linear actuator This must work in unison with the motor so that the desired variables such as force and velocity can be monitored The best actuator for our project is the ETB Series Electric Cylinder figure 3 described in concept 2 because it may run with the Brushless Servo Motor previously selected This particular cylinder includes design features such as an extra long length rod bearing precision anti rotation bearing rod support carriage angular contact thrust bearings rod seals to prevent contamination and a very durable design 4 2 1 2 Pneumatic Setup As stated previously the pneumatic pumping station of our final design is meant to recreate the present setup used by Dade Behring at their liquid dispensing stations As a result we were not given a choice of specific products for this system The pneumatic system on our test bed is made up of extra parts that we retrieved from Dade Behring Series LRxxxG These parts included the pneumatic cylinder and the solenoid valve figure 2 Other pr
55. that you would like to plot over time position velocity etc and click the arrow to send it to be graphed onto the left or right axis Click on the Define Gather Buffers button Then go back to the terminal window in PE Win 32 Pro Type either blr b2r into the window After either the pneumatic cylinder or E M is done pumping go back to Plot Pro Click on the Upload Data button The computer will take a few moments to upload all the data Click on the Plot Data button If data was gathered from Motor 1 the measurement steps are in the units of counts within the motor There are 20 000 counts per inch If data was taken from Motor 2 each measurement step is 50 microns 002 inches A plot should then appear Save and name the file These plots can be opened up in Microsoft Excel where it is helpful to format a spreadsheet to convert counts or microns into inches 74
56. the previous draw and the consecutive stroke if the program is running on a loop i e more than one cycle The 4 dwell time should remain 0 Once this is done press the save button and the download button When you hit the download button a window will pop up and ask if you want to Check Sums choose yes Next choose the Dade U of D Setup program tab and save and download this program again Once more choose yes when the Check Sums window appears Now you access the terminal window and type m500 1010 This is to turn the motors on which is necessary because it is the motors which count the time in between dwells note that once again that the E M arm will move slightly Finally type b2r to run the pneumatic system Now you can continue to go back and forth running the two programs Follow previous steps to alter any variables in either system Plot Pro 1 Install Plot Pro 2 Before using Plot Pro the user should make sure that Motion Planner is ready to RASO 12 13 14 run either system That is the program is already opened with either the Dade U of D Setup or Solenoid program s loaded such that the only step left is to either type blr or b2r Go to tools and choose Plot Pro Choose what motor to gather data from Motor 1 will collect data directly from the ET Cylinder Motor 2 collects data from the Linear Encoder Highlight the variable
57. ty to change the outer tubing diameter limits the different inner diameters we could test to two sizes the inner diameter Dade Behring presently uses and a slightly larger inner diameter in tubing provided by Ark Plas Products Inc http www ark plas com products product_subclass asp classID 6 amp sub 4 Finally an electronic balance is used in our offline test bed The balance is used to measure the mass increase of each flex after the dispensing process to help ensure dispense accuracy and precision Dade Behring has lent us an A amp D Electronic Balance FX 400 to use during our testing procedures This balance is not shown in our final model from figure 5 but it was used during testing 4 2 1 4 User Interface The user interface setup consists of a computer that controls the test bed PMAC hardware through Motion Planner software We were to originally use a computer on loan from Dade Behring but this computer proved more difficult to obtain than first anticipated As a result we decided to use a laptop from the University of Delaware We 15 then installed all the software given to us by Onexia onto the laptop and uploaded the University of Delaware Pumping System Program described in the user manual in Appendix C onto the Motion Planner software After careful review of the program syntax and with help from Jonathon Wright from Onexia who wrote the original pumping program we learned how to control the motor through the softw
58. ur next project Part No Material Finish Weight Ft Stock Length Moment of Inertia Area 145 125 174350 1502 6105 75 Clear Anodized 1 000 Lbs ga i 174000 851 Sq In 242125 56 1 1743504 1502 T Slotted Extrusion Machining Services Cut to Length Services 7010 Cutto Length with 015 tolerance 1 85 ea Extrusion End Tapping Services 7060 5 16 18 End Tap in One End 1 85 ea 7025 3 8 16 End Tap in One 2 25 ea 7059 1 25 End Tap in One 1 85 ea 7035 1 8 NPT Tap in One 2 25 ea Drill Access Hole Service 7050 295 Dia Access Hole Per 1 85 ea 9 282 Tini Anchor Fastener Counterbore Service 120 Typ 7040 15 Series Anchor Fastener Counterbore 2 45 ea 7041 15 Series Butt Fastener Counterbore 2 45 ea from www 8020 net 7 9 Tubing Information Freelin Wade http www airoil com ai02015 htm Ark Plas Products Inc http www ark plas com products product_subclass asp classID 6 amp sub 4 31 7 10 Gant Chart SjuaA3 einn 3 juan Suasa 1524 388M S488M S488M Z S488M Z HAIMA uonejuasald 2 aseud uodas u
59. vides information on the precision of the fluid volume dispensed by the system at different velocities for a range of viscosities densities and foaming Figure 1 Lu characteristics and the motion profile of Current Dispense Station the pump causing the fluid to flow through the system 1 2 Project Goal Our team mission is To develop an offline testing system to better understand the fluid dispensing process through the use of data collection and experimentation to determine at what pumping rate unacceptable contamination and splashing will occur 2 0 Customer Requirements 2 1 Customers Our primary customer for this project is the Consumables Engineering Group at Dade Behring The secondary customer is the Dimension Flex Operations Group who will be using this new system Finally we may also consider the various end users of Dade Behring s product who will also benefit from the new system as a costumer See attached UDesign spreadsheet for more information on customer wants 2 2 Wants Metrics amp Target Values Our offline test bed was designed to meet the following wants Can be used to determine where aerosols and splashing begin Gives data output used to optimize the process Is easy to use Is capable of dispensing the same range of fluid properties as current line These wants are further developed into basic metrics and requirements target values for our test bed as shown in table 1
60. y down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 70 31 1 3 32 1 3 No little on top of well 33 1 3 No 34 1 3 35 1 3 36 1 3 little on top of well Concluded that splashing will occur at any speed beyond this so no further testing was done above this speed Therefore we began to work our way down decreasing the velocity and taking a closer look at each speed 37 1 2 No 38 1 2 No 39 1 2 No minor film on top inside 40 1 2 No flex well edge 41 1 2 No Minor film We believe that the minor film on top inside flex well edge is due to capillary force and fill volume not due to splashing We feel this way because this minor film is present during all testing no matter the velocity as can be seen below 42 1 1 No minor film on top inside 43 1 1 No flex well edge minor film on top inside 44 1 1 flex well edge minor film on top inside 45 1 No flex well edge minor film on top inside 46 0 9 No flex well edge minor film on top inside 47 0 9 No flex well edge 71 Appendix 7 9 User Interface Manual User Interface Manual University of Delaware Offline Test Bed Electro Mechanical E M System 1 Install Win 32 Pro 2 Double click on the PE Win 32 Pro icon to access the program 3 e 11 12 13 Once the program is open a Goto file and choose the o

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