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1. Figure 7 8 EMG activity that is particularly pronounced on channels af7 and fpl 25 and 22 Also note the alpha band spindles present throughout many channels see Figure 3 Figure 7 9 Alpha spindles from Figure 2 41 Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program Y3 3 LL TOSS OSEE File C shared joystick sdh188 sdh5188 Channels hes A jumpto Compute 4 SA Active ELI Banging femi fpi ad xin SourceTime Copy2Clipboard Save2Disk Samples Woo 1 Scaling 1 0 R nActive mid Recording Edt Channelist lead chfle x TargetCode Y 28 af4 27 afz 25 af3 25 af7 24 fp2 23 fpz 22 fp1 21 cp6 20 cp4 19 cp2 18 cpz 17 cp1 16 cp3 15 cp5 13 04 need ee c t n tct rt rene arenae ea qs A P ATI rne I in mae Pn e ara Pere a Pm os ety rr d 00 00 08 00 00 09 00 00 10 00 00 14 00 00 12 lt idle gt Figure 7 10 EEG sample showing a large EKG effect Note the regularly occurring small upward deflection2 on all channels There is also a single eyeblink 422. ixi Visualize MEMFilter Source UsrTask Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters dt re unn he oe ee hae oe oe ae e e rame o ec Ian BoardN ame BCLIN rt Cate Oe anne ov AIAN Pao tee ax s die M 5 ampleBlack5ize IEEE pm ice ie heo cane rave 5 amplingR ate IL J cape Sese thie amp dhe ameter of olii cannes Au Configure Load SoftwareCh E4 J She acne of rne rex ovate l TransmitCh fi T dit of iani chanel ofohawak Wile e XJ TransmitChList 625974518133611 42 53 J Figure 7 Appearance of the source menu The source menu contains the following parameters BoardName the name of the Data Translation board as it appears in the driver information SampleBlockSize size of data per channel block for each cycle of operation SamplingRate data acquisition rate in Hz SoftwareCh number of channels sampled and stored by the data acquisition program TransmitCh number of channels transmitted to signal processing TransmitChList identity of channels transmitted to signal processing In the example shown in Figure 7 a sample block size of 16 and a sampling rate of 160 result in the system running at 10 cycles sec This means that data 1s processed every 1 10th of a second and that the cursor will move 10 times sec All 64 channels of data are recorded and stored However only 10 of these channels are passed to signal processing These are the channels required to compute t
3. Configure Load Figure 18 Appearance of the Config Load menu illustrating omission of system parameters 19 Table 1 1 List of BCI2000 parameter interdependencies Note that all parameters in the same group must match Parameter Menu lype Group TransmitCh Source numeric A SourceChGain number of elements in list SourceChOffset Filtering number ofelements in list S MUD Filtering matrix number of columns M Dessus Ik StopMem StartMem MEMFilter computed number of C membandwidth spectral bins MLR Filtering 20 Chapter 2 The screening program As noted earlier BCI2000 consists of four separate programs that run simulaneously These are the operator data acquisition signal processing and the user application Different versions of these programs can be run with the BCI2000 system One alternative user application is the screening program This can be launched manually or with a batch file as discussed in the beginning of chapter 1 In either case the appearance of the various menus are similar with the exception of the UsrTask menu When the screening program is run the UsrTask menu appears as shown in Figure 2 1 Configuration E nm x Visualize MEMFilter Source Usrlask Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters a EER AERAN Lx Sae Cursorsize 5 O O NENNEN J i EATER cv reno reni ItiDuralion 2 0 J M 1 l 1 norm on PREE Doei
4. C e Coo Ader Ln rods regie MUD Load Matris saye Mal frr Figure 11b Edit Matrix option when ClassMode 2 In the example shown in Figure 11b ClassMode 2 has been entered and 2 rows and 5 columns appear This indicates that the product of two features will be computed for each row When 0 appears in columns 3 and 4 only one feature is used for that row When non zero indices specify a second component columns 3 and 4 this is multiplied by the first component column 1 and 2 This provides a means of generating interaction terms products This example illustrates another interdependence in the system The MUD matrix must match the SpatialFilterKernal in the sense that there must be SpatialFilteredChannels and spectral bins corresponding to the features specified in MUD A full list of system dependencies will be presented in Table 1 1 below 13 The Statistics menu provides for input of parameters that control automatic adaptation of the system and is shown in Figure 12 E Configuration EE n xi Visualize MEMFilter Source UstTask Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters fares Ao seva jar fares Load Parameters BaselineCfa Edit Main ERMEE Load Manis DesiredPixelsPerSec 70 00 J Aniline actntivra ievanr T Un PU O InterceptControl f J Configure Save E EVI ur Boe Aw SENET eee d UN Configure Load InterceptLength 3 I J InterceptProportion
5. 0 3584 Bate of saesag Av Lea Trend Cavities dss LinTrendLinAt 0 001 I J Aisa af eam far Linear Frand Canta aN QuadTrendLrnRt 0 001 Anine apon of 2 Corect Trand t lin B Gus 0007 TrendControl f J Lento af Cameo Windus is IN TrendwinLth 20 41 J Giese maint donat Gena fw 2 5 WeightControl f ate af Laer Aor Css JE EL WiLinHt 0 00001 i i J Figure 12 Appearance of the statistics menu The statistics parameters are BaselineClg matrix for selection of baseline used for cursor gain and intercept control Desired PixelsPerSec rate of vertical cursor movement in pixels per second InterceptControl whether or not the intercept for vertical cursor movement is adapted InterceptLength length of window for intercept adaptation InterceptProportion proportion of the mean of the control signal used as the intercept LinTrendLrnRt rate at which the linear trend of proportion correct is adjusted QuadTrendLrnRt rate at which the quadratic trend of proportion correct is adjusted TrendControl whether or not the proportion correct over target position 1s adjusted TrendWinLth length of running average over which trend in proportion correct as computed WeightControl controls use of online adaptation of classifier weights O for no use 1 for compute but do not use and 2 for use on line WtLrnRt this is the learning rate used by the LMS based on line adaptive classifier 14 The Edit Matrix option for B
6. 000000000 Tesi Coi i har EREDT vu dg codi aie aeta Figure 6 3 The P3Speller menu allows for entry of BackgroundColor Hex values for the background of the User s screen All Os is black In positions 3 4 more Blue is added as the value increases The value in 5 6 adds green and the value in 7 8 adds red NumberOfSequences The number of presentations per classification Currently this must be an integer multiple of the value of NumERPsToA verage in the P3SignalProcessing OffTime number of system cycles that the highlight is off OnlineMode free spelling OnTime number of system cycles that the highlight is on 33 PostSetInterval delay at end of set PreSetInterval delay at beginning of set StatusBarSize size of bar at top of user screen showing letters to spell and letters spelled StatusBarTextHeight size of text 1n bar at top of screen TargetDefinitionFile full path of file that defines selections on the screen TargetHeight height of area in which each letter appears TargetTextHeight height of the text in the target area TargetWidth width of area 1n which each letter appears TextColor hex bit pattern BGR that defines color of targets TextColorIntensified hex bit pattern that defines change when row columns flash TextToSpell word s that subject must spell 34 Additional considerations Certain other parameters covered in previous chapters must be dealt with in the Filtering menu values for M
7. b ppp capies ooo eu 3 AONE ANANT c exta DONARAN m Configure Load Joc J RestingPenod fo Ayaan of Hn now Feet c z ENS 1i X JARS OF Faq gem cuve oum ori J20 c J I I TargetDuration iig of Fargere in Pla dE Epp m T argetHeight jal J g g TE E E V E e Ania amp Fa I r i TargetOnentation esi af Fanges BEDS J250 D J T arget idth F e Lis Ay Blane 2 aaconedte GENE 120 NENNEN TimeL imit Uer beani Aeg BEN 51 2 J WwinH eight fear depose Medi 512 a J Wintwidth Ley APNENA bocca SENE 4n M J Wink pos Liner Mate V AONAN F m J Win pos ET Figure 2 1 Appearance of the UsrTask menu when running the screening program 21 Note that most of the parameters remain unchanged with the exception of the addition of TargetOrientation and TargetDuration Also parameters referring to the cursor are not present The screening program has no cursor or cursor movement Hence the duration of screening trials is determined by the TargetDuration parameter In addition the target appearance for the screening program is different Figure 2 2 shows the user screen for the screening program Figure 2 2 Appearance of the user screen with the screening program Note that the target appears on the bottom of the screen Whereas the initial user task had targets aligned along the right edge of the users screen the screen task has targets
8. selected but the width is also limited by the filter order 25 Chapter 4 The Calibgen program As noted in chapter 1 the BCI2000 Source menu has the parameter TransmitCh and the parameter list TransmitChList that specify which channels are sent from the EEG source program to signal processing The Filtering menu has the parameter lists SourceChGain and SourceChOffset that provide information for calibration of these same channels All of these parameters can be generated from the Calibgen program The Calibgen program takes as input a BCI2000 data file containing a calibration signal The user selects the desired channels The output is a BCI2000 parameter file fragment The initial appearance of the Calibgen program is shown in Figure 4 1 O x Help BCr2000 Calibration Generator v1 0 Gerv 01 Input Output Channels n CI P 6o P2 Select Input Select Calibration gt Go 2 zi ee i Peak to Peak value of the input sine wave in microVolts Enatle Channellist 00 0 otherwise all the channels Input Filename N channels in input N Calilbnalipm File MAM Figure 4 1 Appearance of the Calibgen main window Click on the SelectInput button and the next window appears as shown in Figure 4 2 CJ gal C msj53_58 Usdh C SDH27 30 calibS001R01 dat rz al BCI2000 EEG files DAT 100 0 E t Figure
9. files 28 Two additional files are presently created The apl file contains a brief summary of the subjects performance as illustrated below emS203 apl Thu Sep 13 12 42 55 2001 Run 1 Hits 30 Total 32 Percent 93 75 Number of Targets 2 Bits 21 21 Time Passed sec 180 06 Run 2 Hits 26 Total 32 Percent 81 25 Number of Targets 3 Bits 22 44 Time Passed sec 180 06 Run 3 Hits 24 Total 32 Percent 75 00 Number of Targets 4 Bits 25 36 Time Passed sec 180 06 Run 4 Hits 27 Total 32 Percent 84 38 Number of Targets 4 Bits 36 07 Time Passed sec 180 05 This example is truncated at 4 runs for the sake of saving space In addition a sta file is created This is the output of the statistics filter and provides trial by trial information concerning dynamic adaptation of BCI2000 29 At the present time a complete Windows based BCI2000 data analysis package is not available The dat files can be converted to the older raw file format and analyzed with programs such as memm The appearance of the BCT2000toGab program is illustrated in Figure 5 2 BCI2000toGAB v0 3 9 13 01 E E xj Load List BLIZU00 File File C shared rawem em 188R01 dat first run 3 last GAB File snm ga File C ssharediram em BIB Ta Convert Calibration Parameter File File c shared raw calib prm Figure 5 2 Appearance of the BCI2000toGab main window Any one of the dat BCI2000 files
10. in the subdirectory of interest 1s selected Next the desired output GAB file is selected The Calibration Parameter File is selected 64 channel output of Calibgen see chapter 4 When the Load List button 1s clicked the first and last run found in the selected subdirectory are displayed In the example shown the first run has been changed manually from the initial value of 1 to a value of 3 Thus only the 3 run on will be converted When the convert button is clicked the GAB File is created as output This file is memm compatible 30 Chapter 6 The P300 Speller Use of the programs P3Signalprocessing exe and P3Speller exe in conjunction with data acquisition and operator modules allows for use of the P300 Speller This configuration has the Visualize Source Statistics Storage System and Filtering menus as discussed earlier In addition the P300 configuration also includes the P3SignalProcessing and P3Speller menus The appearance of the P300 user screen is shown in Figure 6 1 Pee Figure 6 1 The P300 User screen Each of the 6 rows and columns are flashed highlighted in a block randomized order When N blocks have been completed a letter 1s selected 3l The P3SignalProcessing menu is illustrated in Figure 6 2 z a ET Save Parameters PaSignalProcessing Visualize Source Statistics P33 peller Storage System Filtering Nar or EE fa average awe ctas DE Load Parameters NumERPsT oAverage f F oo
11. l i to Ej to t d Laplacian Hispa Do 0s o ica m E S SE oo Bb gar ay 00 00 08 00 00 09 00 00 71 0 00 00 14 idle gt 4 7 6 The Channellist This menu allows application of the Common Average Reference CAR to the displayed 39 EEG Samples from Maxifred Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program V3 3 C 1999 02 for HRI Inc _ Mle p Ashared screen B Ll 2000 Screen Bm Rf a vtilis nda TargetCode n ada non te dot Copy20ipboad Save2Disk Samples es 768 Tr fe EN ATEM E Ev TRENTE StimulusT im infertria riter SS E amp threit aid gt RestPetiod 7l 26 a c fete necat i ASAE fi a es T pe erg fat Sn i ne w BT US 9r 4 22 fr 6 21 cr i Bet Dh AAA xL f A mn AMA Pea A at et AMI T SN uA aA WOT ne PAAR e LAAN eA c n cs AA 40 ow Figure 7 7 EEG Sample that illustrates a pair of eye blinks that are apparent on channels fp1 af4 22 28 Note that the eyeblinks affect all channels to some extent but are most pronounced in the front of the head near the eyes 40 Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program V3 3 C 1999 02 for HRI Inc Fie p shared srreen B C I 2000 Seen Rf a 3 7 TaraetCode a cushy oneri Sy S vlt uM jT Ey r f Felt Do mdi Boa ai im Save2Disk Samples 765 a Tr INCEST X StimulusTim Edi Channelist koad ch fle gt LIE im
12. za 127 0 0 1 System Status System Runnin EEGsource module initialized SignalProcessing module initiali Application module initialized ennis 127 0 0 1 m Figure 6 Appearance of BCI2000 during operation Figure 6 shows a configuration in which the parameters VisualizeSource and VisualizeTemporalFilter have been selected Also note that the Start button has changed to a Suspend button Clicking on the Suspend button will halt operation If you are creating a new parameter file several of the Configuration menus will need to be dealt with There are two ways of doing this One way is to enter all parameters by hand Another way is to partially configure the system by using parameter file fragments For example the menu shown in Figure 4 lists several parameter files such as 4bars prm and dualmonitor prm 4bars prm contains only those parameters necessary to configure the system for a 4 target task dualmonitor prm contains only those parameters necessary to place the users monitor on the second video screen These two parameter file fragments can be read in succession Since they are fragments only those parameters that they include will be changed Thus some of the work of configuring the system can be done with a series of standard parameter file fragments Configuring BCI2000 The first step in configuring BCI2000 involves selection of the data acquisition parameters The Source menu is shown in Figure 7
13. 4 2 The Calibgen input window 26 Next select the output file O x Help Input Output Channels E 5 E Select Input Select Calibration 5 Peak to Peak value of the input sine wave in microv olts Enable Channellist inno D 2 x Input Filename C sharedwaw c aye in IS Hi amp m EJ channels in input 64 Calibration File N Coal Cmsis3 58 sdh CJspH27 30 Shortcut to todo txt E E File name aibpm Shortcut to try Save as type BCI2000 parameter file prm Cancel LL Figure 4 3 Appearance of the output window If fewer than 64 channels are to be included in the output parameter file fragment click on the Enable Channellist box and enter the list into the list box Then click on go The selected file name will contain a BCI2000 parameter file fragment similar to that shown below Parameter File Fragment Calib prm Generated by Calibgen Filtering floatlist SourceChOffset 5 245 202 86 155 17 0 500 500 offset for channels in A D units Filtering floatlist SourceChGain 5 0 00802 0 00806 0 00797 0 00805 0 00807 0 033 500 500 gain for each channel Source int TransmitCh 5 4 1 128 the number of transmitted channels Source intlist TransmitChList 5 9 33 41 49 11 1 1 128 list of transmitted channels In this example only 5 channels were selected appropriate for a C3 Large Laplacian This file can now be read into BCI2000 with the Load P
14. 7 4 Display of BCI2000 data Note the controls at the top of the form The number of channels and points to display can be selected The Jump To button alows the user to advance to a selected trial within the BCI2000 run Scaling controls the Y axis amplitude of the EEG signals There are also arrow buttons that control movement through the record To the immediate left of the GO button is a list of State codes This list 1s read from the data file and its contents will vary Note that in the example TargetCode has been checked This causes any change in the value of the state TargetCode to be marked on the record Also note that the time within the run appears on the bottom of the record 38 Figu C 1999 02 for HRI Inc Channels fig 2 B E Jump Ta Samples 768 Y np E E dit Channellist TUEERDWGE 4 re 7 5 Magnification of some of the controls from Maxifred Note the Edit Channellist button If this 1s Figure Edit form data selected the form in 7 6 appears Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program 3 9 C 1999 12 for HAT Tne File C shared screen 8 C 2000 Screen Channels 5 RR al ete Phil Ceps2Cinboa Savezni Samples vea m Tr fi cafo Active Rehan T arcte a gt I inietitiner Teen ds 7 18 cp3 e Edit Channellist X 14 c8 Piacente A 13 04 peas P A ue 42 02 bi E I normal display d MEC Mrd eee Setchannels
15. Fore d bei2001 data em 1 UC I Ae setti nansmener se i 5 avePrmFile T Configure Save HAS OAT cor GS xung Configure Load Storage lime 16 15 ug ye ade inae A o tea i SubjectN ame em CC A2 away fae A Insee EE 5S ubjectHun D a SERES oe PASE Doa dE SubjectSession oo J Figure 3 Appearance of the configuration menu Note the tabs at the top of the menu The particular menu shown is that associated with the storage tab There are 8 menu tabs shown in Figure 3 These are Visualize controls the data shown to the human operator during operation MEMFilter parameters of AR spectral analysis Source parameters of data acquisition UsrTask parameters of the subjects task Statistics parameters that control automatic adaptive adjustments Storage parameters that control naming of data files System parameters that control communication between the four programs Filtering parameters that control signal processing Each of these menus can be selected by clicking on the corresponding tab Also note that the menu shown in Figure 3 shows four additional buttons on the right hand side These are Save Parameters stores parameters in a file Load Parameters inputs parameters from a file Configure Save provides selection of parameters that will not be saved to parameter file Configure Load provides selection of parameters that will not be read from parameter file If the system has be
16. J AATA af sanines stoned far as esprime LEE Hum5 amplesinERP 144 EN Fame Ghana ESI Loggen iar ov ga Cant i ontigure Save Configure Load TargetEHPChannel Figure 6 2 The P3SignalProcessing menu This menu allows 3 parameters to be entered NumERPsToAverage the number of blocks to be averaged prior to classification NumSamplesInERP the length of the ERP waveform in samples TargetERPChannel the channel that is displayed in the VisualizeP3TemporalFilter window 22 The P3Speller Menu is illustrated in Figure 6 3 Configuration ES Jal xi Oj x g P3SignalPrecessing Visualize Source Statistics P3Speller Storage System Filtering Save Parameters ll Faciam Gains Dar i REGI Load Parameters C c ipn Barkonundi nles ICTU tz QOEM Alumter of eats af 12 intansiinations NumberO Sequences 15 JM SERO Pei PREYEMUCO D 2 GE OF Sans Configure Save E ffTime Configure Load Gine ave fii Fog 3 Ls OnlineMode uation of etensdiogion o ure of Sas bes UnTime Otra ater sof cv n PMEHXSRCOBOYR 3 Le V us PostSetinterval T Aura Ate xar o po eateries ete ar s PreSetinterval D M Se V eun PAS e oe ar seen ee StatusBarSize 10 a es d Se cy tae far Aa ese of onse Aaa J l deetsco Based ei 1 Tanet defion As i Tae GI DEOS of SORRE PAT m TargetHeight E fi Tei Text Gaby m hex He REIS IR TextColor
17. Pee v LlassMade f wl repe ee drat tay E sta 1 i i IR A RE Edit Matrix MUD i Class Filter Up Down Weights o T LR B H af calumns H af rows 3 2 B sel new matris size g M axChannels a 7 MaxElements l l MLA Les ARA Ln se oes MUD EGET Load Matrix Seve Matin ical Stal Ue IE IBN LUCUS TV ran E Figure 11 Edit Matrix for MUD when ClassMode 1 In the example shown in Figure 11 there are 2 rows and 3 columns When the variable ClassMode is 1 then 3 columns are required The 2 rows correspond to two input features from the spectral analysis The 3 columns contain information that selects the features and weights associated with these features Column specifies the SpatialFilteredChannel and column 2 specifies the spectral bin associated with the first component of the feature Column 3 specifies the SpatialFilteredChannel Column 3 specifies the weight of the feature The control signal for vertical movement would then be the weighted sum of the feature specified in 12 Visualize MEMFilter Source UsrTask Statistics Storage System Filtering cer anata aoe SO Fase rotes FELT genet pet AlignChannels E J Fina anes T single Le Patin ClassMode 2 LR A us 2 Edit N Matrix MUD i ri xi Class Filter Up Down Weights i i LR_B Hof columns ofrows P B sel nei matris sie ph e MaxChannels n MaxElements 7 e MLA
18. Preface BCI2000 is a system of four modules that are independently executable programs They are described in detail in two documents outline pdf and specific pdf An overview of their organization can be seen in Figure P 1 EEG source EEG storage application EEG signal control signal Fuure 5 1 Hgzh evel overview of meduks m BODI Thzs partztsonEnge scheme and the usel communication preboooob are described zn etas m the BOANO Project COnitiine Figure P 1 Overview of the four BCI2000 modules The EEG source module acquires EEG data from the A D convertor stores it to disk and passes a sub set of the EEG signal to the signal processing module The signal processing performs a series of cascaded filtering operations that result in a cursor control signal that 1s passed to the application module The application module controls the users task and the appearance of the users screen The operator module serves as a interface between the human operator and the BCI2000 system by collecting parameters and displaying data The four modules of BCI2000 can be associated with a series of menus used to input the parameters of the system These associations are illustrated in Figure P 2 Operator Visualize system EEG signal Application oource Processing MEMFilter Filtering Statistics UsrTask Source storage Figure P 2 Association between the four modules and the various configuration menus The Source menu a
19. System Status System Runnin EEGsource module initialized SianalProcessing module initiali Application module initialized Figure 5 Appearance of operator program after configuration Notice that the Start button has become bold This happens only after clicking Set Configuration The system is ready and the session will begin when you click on Start When the system starts several displays will appear The particular data displays that are present will depend upon the parameters selected from the Visualize menu One configuration 1s shown in Figure 6 puter Shortcut to als_hope Ham 4 c M ur me m ur Ln MT e RE m ee M E m SS a a gt EL x m BER GE mc Lr m M ccm EL cm LL Lm _ _ _ mr Cm a cem mmi E e Em Iz a ei T PEE SSS oe SSS Es nee can am n m A m e m LLL EU IA UNE So r Dee an T m gt e a e r e oO E I 5 m m e ums ma ae gt Lam m PS eS Esc cm mm mamie coim m lt _ SSS Tr NA CWS orm o 3 gt 3 3 unction Function 2 unction 3 unction 4 slt Config gt Set Config Quit
20. UD must be set to allow for classification of the P300 This works as covered previously except that the column 2 values are time points rather than frequency bins For example Figure 6 4 shows one configuration ll Edit Matrix MUD Class Filter Additrse Up Down Weights Wotcoumns of rows 3 5 set new matrix size f 2 Figure 6 4 One possible configuration of MUD from Filtering menu In this configuration the values in column 1 indicate that signal 2 1s being used for P300 classification The values in column 2 indicate that time points 32 36 are used for classification Finally the values in column 3 indicate that all points are given equal weights 1 Also in the Filtering menu the values of UD A should be 0 and UD B should be 10 Chapter 7 Maxifred exe 35 Maxifred exe is a utility that can be used for visual inspection of BCI2000 data files It provides for a simple polygraph type view of short segments of data Upon clicking on the programs icon the following form appears vw MAXIFRED od 1999 02 Gerwin Schalk Wadsworth Center C519 Empire State Plaza Albany My 12201 REMARK This program was programmed with major support of my brain assistant animal Figure 7 1 The initial Maxifred form Click on Let s kick it and proceed to the main form 36 Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program 3 3 C 1999 02 for HEI Inc Fie mic shared rawsN ameSO01AO1 da P ri
21. a 5 patialFilterkK ernal Figure 10 The Edit Matrix option for the SpatialFilterKernal Notice that there are 10 columns and 2 rows in this example The rows and columns can be set by the set new matrix size button that appears in the top center of the menu The 10 columns correspond to the 10 TransmitCh values of the source menu That is in the example shown previously in Figure 7 the source menu specified that 10 channels are sent to signal processing These correspond to the columns of the spatial filtering matrix In the current example the parameter SpatialFilteredChannels is 2 This corresponds to the rows of the spatial filtering matrix and corresponds to the number of channels that are the output of the spatial filtering operation This will then be the number of channels input to spectral analysis MEMFilter and the class filters MUD and MLR Thus there is an interdependence between some of the parameters In this example TransmitCh from the source menu corresponds to the columns of the spatial filter matrix from the Filtering menu as well as the number of elements in SourceChGain and SourceChOffset also from the Filtering menu 11 The Edit Matrix option from the horizontal class filter MUD is illustrated in Figure 11 note that MUD stands for Matrix Up Down visse MEMFiter stek System Filtering mg tained go ane era Jaen oes fV set pero AlignChannels E EAA auge P uns 2
22. arameters option 27 Chapter 5 BCI2000 file formats and the BCI2000toGab program As noted in chapter 1 the storage menu allows for input of FileInitials and SubjectName as parameters These parameters determine the location of the BCI2000 data files FileInitials represents a file path where subdirectories associated with each SubjectSession are placed For example Figure 5 1 shows a file structure created by BCI2000 E C bciz00 1 dataememz03 iol x File Edit view Favorites Tools Help L pe hom s 3 808 KB DAT F 10 objectis 29 7 MB IB My Computer Figure 5 1 File structure associated with a complete BCI2000 session In the example shown the value for FileInitials was c bci2001 data em the value for SubjectInitials was em and SubjectSession was advanced automatically from 1 to 8 As can be seen in Figure 5 1 a separate dat file was created for each run The complete description of the dat file format can be found in the BCI2000 project outline Briefly the dat file consists of an ASCII header that can be viewed with standard programs such as notepad that contains all system parameters and state definitions followed by the actual EEG data in binary format Note that directories that do not exist are created automatically Also new data files are created automatically at the beginning of each run using the next highest number The program scans the directory to avoid overwriting any
23. aselineClg is shown in Figure 13 xe ro Sev p cea BaselineL fg Load Matris Save M Edit Matrix P Bl x H of columnes 8 of rows Unde P 4 4 l set new matrix size IETTEPETTTITTITITTTITTITTITTTTITITE JargetLode Feedback Targetlode 2 Feedback 1 Targetlode 3 Feedback 1 Targetlode 4 Feedback 1 Quadi rendl rnHt 0 g Figure 13 The Edit Matrix option of BaselineClg In the example shown there are 4 rows and 4 columns The example is for a task with 4 targets see UsrTask below The data used for adaptation of cursor movement parameters will be taken from the four TargetCode values shown when the value of Feedback is 1 15 The UsrTask menu provides for input of the parameters that control the users task and is shown in Figure 14 Sf LLL SSS Configuration Visualize MEMFilter Source UsrT ask Statistics Storage System Filtering Lar Hrs Ceo See Cursorsize ss j Jaan of rei t ens i ltDuration 10 ES J yn ey anges cs ol mE Configure Save Number argets J P i Configure Load z PreTrialPause LEN A abire a rex peste or NF GT di e RestingPeriod n J Dana of Ast Fas E eea b RewardD uration 10 J Mena of Pange d TargetWidth 25 J TENO fat Aare S d xac JA NE TimeLimit 180 J EAN epos TEAT I 1 i WinHeight 7o J Locos Mios dope ute a EL I 1 i winWwidth 350 Uer Measabue v Doi JN Winxpos 1050 EEA BAAS V AONAN MED DOS Wi
24. ata is removed prior to fitting the AR model The parameters of the other parts of signal processing are accessed in the Filtering menu The appearance of the Filtering menu is shown in Figure 9 Configuration Visualize MEMFilter Source UsrT ask Statistics Storage System Filtering AlignChannels LR A I LR B MaxChannels MaxElements MLA MUD NumControlSignals SourceChGain SourceChOffset 5 patialFilteredChannels 5 patialFilterk ernal SS INNEN UD A up B ate otaanet go doe ioe mies fes ACIE seat iat 1 Prov aber 2 evita reU 40 0 ron Pater 2 TAR SAE 1 0 An Fc of ofaanat o mai At 256 TIINAT PATERA of RARE go amie Ae z256 CAINE AANA E VE A TARN ian ate Edit Matris Load Matris Coo ghe fio oie Mew wi Edit Matris Load Matris Me ee oF TET cow wy eg 2 oae iy aac cime ele rate D aus 0 00804 0 00802 0 00505 0 00603 0 00 ene ie ANNE pn add orate 47 261 86 50 114 211 170 17 84 425 Alana of Soa Paten sre 2 SE R A ena ORNS Edit Matris Load Matris 3 65 13 45 Save Matrix Save Matris Save Matrix iBl x Save Parameters T mn Configure Save Configure Load m T m mn IBEENBSENENEEENNN m Figure 9 Appearance of the Filtering menu The filtering menu has the following parameters AlignChannels whether or not a linear interpolation is used to align channels in time LR A Value of the
25. en parameterized and the results has been saved in a file system operation is relatively simple Just click on the Load Parameter button and the menu shown in Figure 4 will appear E tics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters p dine Er Zope foes MOT wak pet Vn o ahy Franca ebars prm 3bars prm SUB t 4bars prm z z ates prm dualmonitor prm Figure 4 The Load Parameter menu The file containing the preselected parameters can then be loaded Then parameterization of BCI2000 is completed by adding the storage parameters Click on the storage tab and the Storage menu Figure 3 will appear This contains the following parameters AutoIncrementRunNo controls whether or not run number automatically advances FileInitials the disk and directory where the data files will be stored SavePrmFile controls whether or not the parameter file used for each run is saved StorageTime time when data file is created SubjectName initials identifying the subject SubjectRun number of the current run SubjectSession number of the current session When al of these parameters have proper values the Configuration menu can be closed click on X in upper hand corner Next click on the Set Configuration button and the operator program will appear as in Figure 5 BCI7000 Operator 0 27 File View Help Functor 1 Function 2 Function 3 Function 4 Conn Info gt Start Quit
26. gure Load VisualizeClassFiltering jo PaL AMETE Anon tee xara fear Fog VisualizeN ormalFiltering MEM m l ens aes E ee Fol Visualize5 ource Poo f SSS casos Afer meas Amr pe i VisualizeSpatialFiltering NN anne Sri Ate raat Moya Jose VisualizeStatFiltering Poo PARTE Jamo dex xps ero Fores i VisualizeT emporlFilein Figure 16 Appearance of the Visualize menu The Visualize menu has the following parameters SourceMax maximum expected value of the source raw data display SourceMin minimum expected value of the source display these values scale the display VisualizeCalibration whether or not the results of the calibration are shown VisualizeClassFiltering whether or not the results of the classifier are shown VisualizeNormalFiltering whether or not the results of the normalizer are shown VisualizeSource whether or not the raw data are shown VisualizeSpatialFiltering whether or not the results of spatial filtering are shown VisualizeStatFiltering whether or not the proportion correct by targets is shown VisualizeTemporalFiltering whether or not the results of the spectral analysis are shown 18 The System menu displays system configuration data and is shown in Figure 17 These values are not normally changed by the operator and should not be saved or loaded Configuration Visualize MEMFilter Source UstT ask Statistics Storage System Filtering Applicati
27. he FIR filter weights FIRWindows number of data blocks that are combined at each filtering cycle Intergation determines whether the mean 0 or RMS 1 value is output During normal operation the FIRFilterKernal is loaded with the Load Matrix option It can be produced by running the program MakeFir 23 The MakeFir program produces a matrix output that can be read directly into BCI2000 with the Load Matrix option The appearance of the MakeFir main window is shown in Figure EA Make FIR Coefficients B ioj x CenterFrequency e200 Filter am Bandwidth 2 sampleRate LN Filter irder a2 apcRes 0 2 SpcStop an ViewSpectrum OutFile Coeft mat SaveCoft Figure 3 2 Appearance of the MakeFir menu The desired parameters are selected for each filter and then MakeCoeff is depressed Each time MakeCoeff is depressed filter coefficients determined by the current parameter settings are produced and the Filter counter is advanced Figure 3 3 shows the window displayed when ViewSpectrum is depressed 24 Figure 3 2 Appearance of the ViewSpectrum menu Figure 3 2 shows an example of the band pass characteristics of three 32 order filters centered at 0 11 and 22 Hz Ifthe operator is satisfied with these characteristics a file name can be selected with the OutFile button and created by depressing the SaveCoff button Note that the MakeFir menu has a Bandwidth option The bandwidth will not be less than the value
28. he large Laplacian for CP3 and C4 The parameters of the spectral analysis are entered in the MEMFilter menu which is shown in Figure 8 Sn E lolx Visualize MEMFilter Source UsrT ask Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters ei dire cbe delta em 0 2 NENNEN J Special Fasten o Aat MEL MemB andwidth 3 0 J Leine oie ee Fg zm dirae DA HMemDetrend Doo NENNEN J Configure Save ALG ace amer d Configure Load MemModelOrder T J 214 rana erc oa an mies udi Hemwindows E tt J A ov Spec gp Al i 5tartH em o o M J Era eat Spovium do Az dO 5topHem 50 0 tt J Figure 8 Appearance of the MEMFilter menu These values could be entered by the mem prm parameter fragment that can be seen in Figure 4 The MEMFilter parameters are deltaMem specifies the resolution in Hz with which the autoregressive model is evaluated MemBandWidth specifies the width in Hz of the spectral bands produced MembDetrend whether or not linear detrending is preformed MemModelOrder the order of the AR model Mem Windows the number of data blocks each SampleBlockSize long used per spectrum StartMem beginning point at which the spectrum 1s evaluated StopMem ending point at which spectrum is evaluated In the example shown a 10 order AR model is evaluated from 0 to 50 Hz in 3 Hz bands Each 3 Hz band consists of the average of the 15 points evaluated at 0 2 Hz intervals The linear trend in the d
29. intercept for horizontal left right movement LR B Value of the slope for horizontal movement MaxChannels maximum number of channels that can be handled by signal processing MaxElement maximum number of elements channel that can be handled by signal processing MLR matrix that defines the channels and frequencies that determine horizontal movement MUD matrix that defines the channels and frequencies that determine vertical movement 10 NumControlSignals number of control signals up down and right left SourceChGain list of gain values for each channel to convert A D units to microVolts SourceChOffset list of intercept values to convert A D units to microVolts SpatialFilteredChannels Number of spatial filter output channels SpatialFilterKernal Matrix that defines spatial filter transformation UD A Value of the intercept for vertical up down movement UD B Value of the slope for vertical movement There are several parameters e g MUD SpatialFilteKernal that have Edit Matrix and Load Matrix options The use of the Edit Matrix with the SpatialFilterKernal option is illustrated in Figure 10 The vallues of the spatial filtering matrix can also be read in from a file with the Load Matrix option Edit Matrix E iani xl MUD H af columna H af rows NumControlSignal fio 2 zm set new matrix SourceChGain SourceChOffset 5 patialFilteredChe Soda Asia Ae Hess Load Matris Gave Matrix J Tet F
30. municator CI2000 um o B NITET ioi xi Receiving IP Operator IP Sending IP dennis 127 0 0 1 N amp EMI Receiving Port Operator Port Sending Port 7 1057 N A 1053 4001 N A Connect Wisconnect Figure 1 Screen appearance of the four programs launched manually In order to connect the programs click on the 3 Connect buttons Alternatively the four programs may be launched from a batch file in which case all programs except the operator may be invisible as seen in Figure 2 BCI2000 Operator 0 22 File View Help r i I unct a l Conta gt Set Config Stari System Status Information Ph EEGsource waiting For configur SigProc waiting For configuratic Waiting For configuration Figure 2 Screen appearance of the operator program BCI2000 has many parameters that need to be entered for proper operation In order to do so click on the Config button The configuration menus will then appear One appearance of the configuration menu is shown in Figure 3 It is important to note that the appearance of these menus is dynamic in the sense that they depend upon the features included in the current version of BCI2000 Configuration 3 8 Bl xl Visualize MEMFilter Source LstTask Statistics storage System Filtering Save Parameters LP no ando ema Do ano eens a rae AutalncrementHunMo 1 radice of A name fma E ahanaotars 7 2 e
31. n pos LM j Figure 14 Appearance of the UsrTask menu The UsrTask menu has the following parameters CursorSize the size of the cursor in pixels pixel size depends on screen settings ITIDuration the duration of the period between trials in units of cursor updates NumberTargets number of alternative targets on the user screen PreTrialPause the duraion of initial target appearance without cursor present RestingPeriod mode where baseline is taken rather than target presentations RewardDuration duration that trial outcome is displayed in cursor update units TargetWidth width of targets in pixels 16 WinHeight height of user window in pixels Win Width width of user window in pixels WinXpos horizontal position of upper left user window in pixels WinYpos vertical position of upper left user window in pixels The appearance of the users screen 1s shown in Figure 15 Figure 15 Appearance of Users screen Note the cursor and the target 17 The Visualize menu provides for entering parameters that control the run time display of data and is shown in Figure 16 Configuration E al x Visualize MEMFilte Source LIsrT ask Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters AREE G see Aas Pale SourceMax B02 M J Agee s sax Mer Pate SourceMin E J exe coadivares chere Wim Face i VisualizeCalibration E Configure Save iot Ca iere raat reme ope EE Confi
32. nd the storage menu originate in the EEG source module and are concerned with its operation The signal processing module produces the MEMFiltering filtering and statistics menus The application 1s configured by the UsrTask menu Finally the operator uses the Visualize and System menus While the visualize menu actually originates in the three other modules it is concerned with the operators data display function In order to work properly the BCI2000 system must have values set for the parameters found in these menus The system starts with default values Changes may be made manually be the operator or by reading in parameter files Parameter files may be read in as complete lists of all parameters or as parameter file fragments that modify only a subset of the parameters Chapter 1 Basic Operation BCI2000 Consists of four separate programs that run simultaneously These are the operator data acquisition signal processing and the user application All four programs must be started and connected for the system to work They may be started individually in which case they will appear as seen in Figure 1 below S o m Acrobat Borland C Command Reader 5 0 Prompt Shortcut to TNCS ELT EUM EE m Places bci things EL ior Ineo UTTGHOTI 3 ction 4 onn Info Pa 1 i Config Set Config gt Stari Quit cycle Bin Shortcut to B GSview 3 6 Corel Netscape WordPerfect 8 Com
33. on the top and bottom edge of the Users screen for TargetOrientation 1 or on the left and right edges of the Users screen for TargetOrientation 2 22 Chapter 3 The FIR program As we saw in chapter 2 different versions of the four separate programs comprising BCI2000 can be used interchangeably An example of an alternative signal processing program is the FIRProcessing program The use of digital filters e g fixed impulse or FIR is an allternative to AR based spectral analysis Most menus are identical with the FIRProcessing program The exception is that the MEMFilter menu is replaced with a FIRFiltering menu The appearance of the FIRFiltering menu is shown in Figure 3 1 Configuration a EC B x Visualize FIRFilter UstTask Source Statistics Storage System Filtering Save Parameters ahead oap feo Fen vs dear T AAG PONE reium if aya A as Integration 1 FiRDetrend T J Amber of 9 Filiae Gilead Ohana MEE FIR FilteredChannels 3 z J Fi Fir Maat Mise FIRFilterK l z Configure Save ilterF erna E dit Matrix Load Matrix Save Matri J fiat eer cy paar Aes j Configure Load FIR Windows E rt 7 Figure 3 1 Appearance of the FIRFiltering menu The FIRFiltering menu has the following parameters FIRDetrend determines whether or not linear detrending 1s performed FIRFilteredChannels the number of channels that will be filtered FIRFilterKernal a matrix of t
34. oniP ApplicationPort EEGsourcelP EEGsourcePort SignalProceszinglP SignalProcessingPort State ectorLength D ye eot e deae gr 7 fi 2 F H 0 1 CPD atas x ev MT DUO 1185 D ye ot so da er ee 127 0 0 1 COT atta e de weg ew 1131 b ye aetate se deae wr P7 127 0 0 1 CA actas S ev T OVI 1133 Aart ov e x SECO Poe i amp l x Save Parameters ms m Configure Save Configure Load Figure 17 Appearance of the System menu These values can be omitted from saving and loading in the parameter file by clicking on these buttons on the right side of the screen as illustrated 1n Figure 18 age System Filtering y Javes fobes NOT mak pot HNTEITENNS ioi feng RewardDuration SampleBlockSize SamplingR ate SavePrmFile SignalProcessinglP SignalProcessingPort SineChannel SineFrequency SineM axAmplitude SineMin amp mplitude SoftwareCh SourceChG ain SourceChOffset IETIKIIKILTLILI SourceMax SourceMin SpatialFilteredChannels SpatialFilterKernal StartMem StateVectorLength StopMem StorageT ime SubjectN ame SubjectRun SubjectSession Targetwidth TimeLimit TransmitCh TransmitChList TrendControl TrendwWinLth TE SIE JE JEJE JE TE IE II JOOQOOOOOKKI c oS Save Parameters Load Parameters Configure Save
35. rit oppyellpooatd reves Channels ig f Samples pes sj h zl Scaling 1 0 Edit Ihnenmellel load ch file 4 H GO EN sip sd lt idle gt Figu re 7 2 The main Maxifred Click on the File button in the upper left hand of the form and the open file dialog appears Ez iad uir csk Look in s Oe ee Pint XE in di History a Desktop My Computer My Network p z idle gt Figure 7 3 dialog s dmhSOOORO1 dat dmhSOOOR12 dat dmhSOOORO2 dat dmhSOOOR13 dat dmhSOOORO3 det 2 dmhSOOOR14 dat dmhSOOORO4 dat dmhSOOOROS dat dmhSOOORO6 dat dmhSOOORO7 dat dmhSOOOROS dat dmhSOOOROS dat amp dmhSOOOR10 dat dmhSOOOR11 dat File name Y Files of type BCI2000 EEG files DAT me 4 The open file Select the BCI2000 data file to view When the main form appears select GO on the upper right of the form 37 I Gerv s cool MAXIFRED program V3 3 E 1999 02 for HRI Inc File C shared screen B C 2000 Screen Channels 15 A Jump To IE Pill Copy2CInboad sovedDick Samples 768 Tf Scaling 1 0 l e n 4 s TargetCode 0 igetCode D C StimulusTim Feedback Active Jae LJ Intertriallnter T 1 1 fc5 preter rra cia tette Rei ara PN AE baat a an Mii e 00 00 07 00 00 08 00 00 09 00 00 10 00 00 11 lt idle gt Figure
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