User Manual Table of Contents (draft only)
Contents
1. 14 6 1 Programming Conventions and Filenaming Version Suffix Developer Taging with Code Library Names Modifying Drivers Breaking Rules Deployment and Packaging Sub Directories Final Words 15 0 XGS AVR API OVERVIEW 15 1 System Library Module 15 1 1 Header File Contents Overview 15 1 2 API Listing Reference 15 1 3 API Functional Declarations 16 0 GRAPHICS LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 16 1 Graphics Drivers and System Level Architecture 16 2 Bitmap Graphics Primer and Driver Overview 16 3 Tile Mapped Graphics Primer and Driver Overview 16 3 1 Deconstructing the Tile Map ASM Driver and the Header File 16 3 2 Scrolling Tile Maps 16 3 3 Animating Tile Maps 16 3 4 Tile Engines and Sprite Support 16 3 5 SRAM Versus FLASH Tile Bitmaps 16 4 Developing More Advanced Drivers ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark2. ERRORS IN THE LICENSED WORKS WILL BE CORRECTED AND OR vi YOU MAY USE PRACTICE EXECUTE OR ACCESS THE LICENSED WORKS WITHOUT VIOLATING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY MAY LAST SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU IF CALIFORNIA LAW IS NOT HELD TO APPLY TO THIS AGREEMENT FOR ANY REASON THEN IN JURISDICTIONS WHERE WARRANTIES GUARANTEES REPRESENTATIONS AND OR CONDITIONS OF ANY TYPE MAY NOT BE DISCLAIMED ANY SUCH WARRANTY GUARANTEE REPRESENATION AND OR WARRANTY IS 1 HEREBY LIMITED TO THE PERIOD OF EITHER A Five 5 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF OPENING THE PACKAGE CONTAINING THE LICENSED WORKS OR B THE SHORTEST PERIOD ALLOWED BY LAW IN THE APPLICABLE JURISDICTION IF A FIVE 5 DAY LIMITATION WOULD BE UNENFORCEABLE AND 2 LICENSOR S SOLE LIABILITY FOR ANY BREACH OF ANY SUCH WARRANTY GUARANTEE REPRESENTATION AND OR CONDITION SHALL BE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH A NEW COPY OF THE LICENSED WORKS IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THOSE RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS WHETHER OR NOT LICENSOR HAD BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THE LICE
3. Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi 21 4 API Listing Reference 21 5 API Functional Declarations 22 0 SD CARD LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 22 1 Placing the SD Card into SPI Mode 22 2 Reading a Sector 22 3 Writing a Sector 22 4 FAT16 File System Overview 22 4 1 FAT16 SD Card Disk Structure 22 4 2 Master Boot Record 22 4 3 Partition Entries in the MBR 22 4 4 Partition Boot Record PBR 22 4 5 A Quick Recap and Locating the Primary FAT 16 Data Structures 22 4 6 The Root Directory 22 4 7 The File Allocation Table 22 4 8 Understanding Directories 22 4 9 Final Aspects of Navigating the FAT 16 File System 22 5 Header File Contents Overview 22 6 API Listing Reference 22 7 API Functional Declarations 23 0 MECHATRONICS LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 23 1 Understanding
4. not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi 16 5 The GFX Main Graphics Source Module 16 5 1 GFX Header File Layout 16 5 2 Building Graphics Applications with the GFX Library 16 6 API Listing Reference 16 7 1 API Functional Declarations 17 0 SOUND LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 17 1 Header File Contents Overview 17 2 API Listing Reference 17 2 1 API Functional Declarations 18 0 GAMEPAD LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 18 1 Header File Contents Overview 18 2 API Listing Reference 18 2 1 API Functional Declarations 19 0 KEYBOARD LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 19 1 Header File Contents Overview 19 2 API Listing Reference 19 3 API Functional Declarations 20 0 UART AND RS 232 LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 20 1 The Architecture of the UART API Library and Support Functionality 20 2 Hardware and Signal Considerations for RS 232 Communications 20 3 Header File Contents Overview 20 4 API Listing Reference 20 5 API Functional Declarations 21 0 SPI AND I C LIBRARY MODULE PRIMER 21 1 SPI Bus Basics 21 1 1 Basic SPI Communications Steps 21 2 PC Bus Basics 21 2 1 Understading I C Bus States 21 3 Header File Contents Overview Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi
5. EIR USE ONLY AS SET FORTH BELOW IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE USING ANY PART OF THE SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE INDICATES THAT YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS GRANT OF LICENSE NURVE NETWORKS LLC the Licensor grants to you this personal limited non exclusive non transferable non assignable license solely to use in a single copy of the Licensed Works on a single computer for use by a single concurrent user only and solely provided that you adhere to all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement The foregoing is an express limited use license and not an assignment sale or other transfer of the Licensed Works or any Intellectual Property Rights of Licensor ASSENT By opening the files and or packaging containing this software and or hardware you agree that this Agreement is a legally binding and valid contract agree to abide by the intellectual property laws and all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and further agree to take all necessary steps to ensure that the terms and conditions of this Agreement are not violated by any person or entity under your control or in your service OWNERSHIP OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE The Licensor and or its affiliates or subsidiaries own certain rights that may exist from time to time in this or any other jurisdiction whether foreign or domestic under patent law copyright law publicity rights law moral rights law trade secret law trad
6. NSED WORKS SOME JURISDICTIONS PROHIBIT THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY SEVERABILITY In the event any provision of this License Agreement is found to be invalid illegal or unenforceable the validity legality and enforceability of any of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired and a valid legal and enforceable provision of similar intent and economic impact shall be substituted therefore ENTIRE AGREEMENT This License Agreement sets forth the entire understanding and agreement between you and NURVE NETWORKS LLC supersedes all prior agreements whether written or oral with respect to the Software and may be amended only in a writing signed by both parties NURVE NETWORKS LLC 12724 Rush Creek Lane Austin TX 78732 support nurve net www xgamestation com This document is valid with the following hardware software and firmware versions e XGS AVR 8 Bit Game Console Revision A or greater e Atmel AVR Studio 4 14 or greater The information herein will usually apply to newer versions but may not apply to older versions Please contact Nurve Networks LLC for any questions you may have Visit www xqamestation com for downloads support and access to the XGameStation user community and more For technical support sa
7. Servos 23 2 The Analog Devices AD5242 Digital Potentiometer 23 3 Header File Contents Overview 23 4 API Listing Reference 23 4 API Functional Declarations Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi 24 0 HANDS ON PROGRAMMING TUTORIALS AND DEMOSERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Setup to Compile the Demos and Tutorials 24 1 Graphics Demos 24 1 1 Kaleidoscope Random Pixels Bitmap Demos 24 1 2 Screen Saver Random Lines Bitmap Demos 24 1 3 Bouncing Ball Circle Bitmap Demos 24 1 4 Starfield Bitmap Demos 24 1 5 Centipede Tile Engine Demos 24 1 6 Indy 500 Tile Engine Demos w Sprites 24 2 Sound Generation Demos Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookma
8. Version 1 0 INSIDE THE XGS AVR 8 BiT USER MANUAL AND PROGRAMMING GUIDE n u Andre LaMothe Nurve Networks LLC XGAMESTATION AVR 8 Bit User Manual v1 0 Inside the XGS AVR 8 Bit A Guide to Programming the XGS AVR 8 Bit System Copyright 2009 Nurve Networks LLC Author Andre LaMothe Editor Technical Reviewer The Collective Printing 0001 ISBN Pending All rights reserved No part of this user manual shall be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the user of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this user manual the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein Trademarks All terms mentioned in this user manual that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Nurve Networks LLC cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this user manual should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this user manual as complete and as accurate as possible but no warranty or fitne
9. anner prohibited by any government agency or any export laws restrictions or regulations f You may not publish or distribute in any form of electronic or printed communication the materials within or otherwise related to Licensed Works including but not limited to the object code documentation help files examples and benchmarks TERM This Agreement is effective until terminated You may terminate this Agreement at any time by uninstalling the Licensed Works and destroying all copies of the Licensed Works both HARDWARE and SOFTWARE Upon any termination you agree to uninstall the Licensed Works and return or destroy all copies of the Licensed Works any accompanying documentation and all other associated materials WARRANTIES AND DISCLAIMER EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED OTHERWISE IN A WRITTEN AGREEMENT BETWEEN LICENSOR AND YOU THE LICENSED WORKS ARE NOW PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THE WARRANTY OF NON INFRINGEMENT WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING LICENSOR MAKES NO WARRANTY THAT i THE LICENSED WORKS WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS ii THE USE OF THE LICENSED WORKS WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED TIMELY SECURE OR ERROR FREE iii THE RESULTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THE LICENSED WORKS WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE iv THE QUALITY OF THE LICENSED WORKS WILL MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS v ANY
10. emark law unfair competition law or other similar protections regardless of whether or not such rights or protections are registered or perfected the Intellectual Property Rights in the computer software and hardware together with any related documentation including design systems and user and other materials for use in connection with such computer software and hardware in this package collectively the Licensed Works ALL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN AND TO THE LICENSED WORKS ARE AND SHALL REMAIN IN LICENSOR RESTRICTIONS a You are expressly prohibited from copying modifying merging selling leasing redistributing assigning or transferring in any matter Licensed Works or any portion thereof b You may make a single copy of software materials within the package or otherwise related to Licensed Works only as required for backup purposes c You are also expressly prohibited from reverse engineering decompiling translating disassembling deciphering decrypting or otherwise attempting to discover the source code of the Licensed Works as the Licensed Works contain proprietary material of Licensor You may not otherwise modify alter adapt port or merge the Licensed Works d You may not remove alter deface overprint or otherwise obscure Licensor patent trademark service mark or copyright notices e You agree that the Licensed Works will not be shipped transferred or exported into any other country or used in any m
11. les general questions share feedback please contact Nurve Networks LLC at support nurve net nurve_help yahoo com Inside the XGS AVR 8 Bit User Manual and Programming Guide LICENSING TERMS amp CONDITIONS VERSION amp SUPPORT WEB SITE INSIDE THE XGS AVR 8 BIT USER MANUAL AND PROGRAMMING GUIDE 0 0 INTRODUCTION DEMO CODER VERSION TYPOS ERRORS CORRECTIONS 1 0 XGS AVR 8 BIT OVERVIEW 1 1 Package Contents DEMO CODER VERSION 1 2 XGS AVR Quick Start Demo 1 3 The Atmel Mega AVR 644 P Chip 1 3 1 System Startup and Reset Details 2 0 5 0V amp 3 3V POWER SUPPLIES 3 0 RESET CIRCUIT 4 0 6 PIN ISP 10 PIN JTAG PROGRAMMING PORTS 5 0 MICRO SD CARD INTERFACE 5 1 Storing Data on the SD Card 6 0 XGS GAME CONTROLLER HARDWARE 7 0 NTSC PAL COMPOSITE VIDEO HARDWARE 7 1 Video Hardware Interface 7 2 Introduction to NTSC Video 7 2 1 Interlaced versus Progressive Scans 7 3 Video Formats and Interfaces 7 4 Composite Color Video Blanking Sync Interface 7 4 1 Color Encoding 7 5 Putting it All Together ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Error Bookmark not defi ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Err
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13. or Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi 7 5 1 Frame Construction 7 5 2 Line Construction 7 5 3 Generating B W Video Data 7 5 4 Generating Color Video Data 7 5 5 NTSC Signal References 7 6 Programming The XGS AVR Composite Video Hardware 7 6 1 Generating Luma 7 6 2 Generating The Color Burst Signal 7 6 3 Generating a Single Pixel 8 0 VGA HARDWARE 8 1 Origins of the VGA 8 2 VGA Design 8 3 VGA Signal Primer 8 3 1 VGA Horizontal Timing 8 3 2 VGA Vertical Timing 8 3 3 VGA RGB Video 8 4 Summary 9 0 AUDIO HARDWARE 9 1 A Little Background on Low Pass Filters EE stuff 9 1 1 Pulse Code Modulation PCM 9 1 2 Frequency Modulation FM 9 1 3 Pulse Width Modulation PWM 10 0 KEYBOARD amp MOUSE HARDWARE 10 1 Keyboard Operation 10 1 1 Communication Protocol from Keyboard to Host 10 1 2 Keyboard Read Algorithm 10 1 3 Keyboard Write Algorithm 10 1 4 Keyboard Commands 10 2 Communication Protocol from Mouse to Host 10 2 1 Basic Mouse Operation 10 2 2 Mouse Data Packets 10 2 3 Modes of Operation 10 2 4 Sending Mouse Commands 10 2 5 Mouse Initialization 10 2 6 Reading Mouse Movement 11 0 EXPANSION PORT HARDWARE 11 1 Expansion Port Signal Definitions 12 0 RS 232 SERIAL PORT AND SPI PORT HARDWARE Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bookmark not defi Error Bo
14. rk not defi 24 2 1 Hand Held Organ with Meter Error Bookmark not defi 24 3 Input Device Demos Error Bookmark not defi 24 3 1 Etch a Sketch Gamepad Demo Error Bookmark not defi 24 3 1 ASCII Terminal Keyboard Demo Error Bookmark not defi 24 3 1 Keyboard Mini Piano Demo Error Bookmark not defi 24 4 Communications and Storage Device Demos Error Bookmark not defi 24 4 1 Serial RS 232 Communictions Demo Error Bookmark not defi 24 4 2 SD Card Sector Level Access Demo Error Bookmark not defi 24 5 Mechatronic Demos Error Bookmark not defi 25 0 DEMO CODER DEMOS AND APPLICATIONS ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI You ve been Terminated Error Bookmark not defi APPENDIX A SCHEMATICS ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI APPENDIX B ATMEL AVR 644P PINOUT ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI APPENDIX C ASCII BINARY HEX OCTAL UNIVERSAL LOOKUP TABLES ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI APPENDIX D ANSI TERMINAL CODES ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINI Examples Error Bookmark not defi 10 11
15. ss is implied The information provided is on an as is basis The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor any responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this user manual The example companies organizations products domain names e mail addresses logos people places and events depicted herein are fictitious No association with any real company organization product domain name e mail address logo person place or event is intended or should be inferred eBook License This electronic user manual may be printed for personal use and 1 copy may be made for archival purposes but may not be distributed by any means whatsoever sold resold in any form in whole or in parts Additionally the contents of the CD this electronic user manual came on relating to the design development imagery or any and all related subject matter pertaining to the XGS systems are copyrighted as well and may not be distributed in any way whatsoever in whole or in part Individual programs are copyrighted by their respective owners and may require separate licensing NURVE NETWORKS LLC END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR XGS AVR HARDWARE SOFTWARE EBOOKS AND USER MANUALS YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT IT CONTAINS SOFTWARE THE USE OF WHICH IS LICENSED BY NURVE NETWORKS LLC INC TO ITS CUSTOMERS FOR TH
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