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Masonry Safety Guide

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1. 103 Resources ccc te ee ee eee tee eee eee eee ee 107 9 pum en faii ra ek jams A company is one that strives to create and maintain an injury free workplace as demonstrated through a systematic approach using sound safety practices accountability training and resources The WorkSAFE System consists of four critical components Management Commitment Management s commitment to keeping the workforce safe Education All employees are properly trained on how to work safely Best Safety Practices Consists of all those policies procedures best practices and equipment that encourage and enable employees to work safely Injury Management Actions taken to reduce the severity and cost of an accident after it has occurred The WorkSAFE System applies to all types and sizes of accounts Management commitment must exist for the system to work The extent of education best safety practices and injury management tools needed will depend on the hazard and potential for loss To find out more about MEM s WorkSAFE System call the toll free safety resource hotline at 1 888 499 SAFE 7233 to request information or a visit from one of our Loss Prevention Consultants MISSOURI EMPLOYERS MUTUAL INSURANCE WorkSAFE EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES Regularly communicate with employees about workplace safety and health matters and involve
2. Slip Direction gt Well defined square leading edges TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK JOBSITE DESIGN PHASE e Schedule regular scrap pickup and dumpster large enough to handle regular cleanup s Provide gravel walkways through mud Provide access points for structures under construction Build substantial quality ramps into structures under construction INSIDE OF STRUCTURE Routinely sweep floor of dirt and waste buildup Wipe up grease and oil left from machines Pick up floor sweep material Clear floor of water by using a wet dry vacuum mop and bucket or squeegee Remove litter debris and scrap regularly Remove litter debris and scrap from around work machines tile saws pipe cutters etc Install guard railing on all exposed stair openings HOLES Protect workers from Falling into or through holes Tripping stepping into or through holes Objects falling through holes Cover holes with a substantial covering Mark hole coverings with HOLE Prevent cover movement or accidental removal Larger holes stairwells etc must have guard railing installed around hole perimeter Simple rope or warning lines are insufficient EXTERIOR OF STRUCTURE Scoop away snow and ice from walkways or paths Utilize ice melt on walkways when icy Provide walkways that are out of mud and puddles Provide an area for boots to be sc
3. To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in the workplace the coopera tive efforts of both employers and employees will help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment In general employers are responsible for Performing a hazard assessment of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards Identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees Training employees in the use and care of the PPE Maintaining PPE including replacing worn or damaged PPE Periodically reviewing updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program In general employees should Properly wear PPE Attend training sessions on PPE Care for clean and maintain PPE Inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE Hazards and work situations where PPE may be required Utilize full face shield while chipping Use full face shield when sawing and cutting PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Use respirator when sawing Use respirator when mixing For loads with sharp or rough edges wear gloves or other hand and forearm protection When loads are heavy or bulky wear steel toed safety shoes to prevent foot injuries if the load is dropped Use at least one of the following whenever employees are exposed to a fall of 6 feet or more above a lower level E Floor hole cee je covers must support at least twice the Guardrail S
4. I won t disregard safety rules a chance and don t get hurt will the result be the same Disregarding a safety rule might result in an injury to you or next time If you take a chance with your co worker s life your co worker will the result be they don t get hurt What about the next time Will the result be the same REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND GET AND MAINTAIN A POSITIVE SAFETY ATTITUDE THE BEST ACCIDENT IS THE ONE AVOIDED BY HAVING THE RIGHT ATTITUDE Toot Box TALKS 83 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SAFETY COMMITMENT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFETY According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics an average 5 950 fatal occupational injuries occurred each year from 1997 2002 Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses in 2002 totaled 4 7 million MEM claims data show the average cost of a lost time claim in 2003 was 20 207 With the foundation of a solid safety commitment an organization can successfully work toward achieving the vision of a safe healthy and injury free workplace The lack of a solid safety commitment leads to mounting injuries and increasing losses that make up these tragic injury statistics Who is responsible for safety spills leaks promptly and correctly I am is the answer As an employee you should Electricity can cause shocks burns or fire if not handled properly e Learn to work safely and take all rules seriou
5. With routine injuries however it is best to utilize a medical provider that is familiar with your business and with whom you have an established relationship We encourage you to select this medical provider prior to an injury so supervisors know where to send an injured employee when an injury occurs DIMENSIONS PARTNER DIMENSIONS 3 D APPROACH CorVel Corporation DEVELOP Effective loss prevention injury treatment plan DESIGNATE YOUR PROVIDER DIRECT Visit CorVel s website at www corvel com provider lookup to find Injured employee to appropriate medical provider a network provider and promptly report injury to MEM DELIVER Injured employee safely back to work E BN EB NEM EBEN Reporting an Injury MEM focuses on providing employers and injured employees with excellent claims service at the lowest possible cost To help keep costs down it is important that employers promptly report injuries to MEM online at www mem ins com or by calling 1 800 442 0593 The employer or injured employee may log on or call anytime to get answers to questions relating to the claim MEM s responsive customer service distinguishes us from other insurance providers When calling MEM you always have a direct com munication link to an informed Customer Service Representative who will answer your questions provide assistance and make sure your needs are met Fraud Reporting 1 800 442 0592 MEM s encourages policyholders or empl
6. crystalline silica Symptoms include severe shortness of breath weakness and weight loss Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to extremely high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica Symptoms include severe disabling shortness of breath weakness and weight loss which leads to death Hemm HAZARD INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES What can be done to protect against exposures to crystalline silica e Replace crystalline silica materials with safer substitutes whenever possible e Provide engineering or administrative controls where feasible such as local exhaust ventilation and blasting cabinets Use protective equipment or other protective mea sures where necessary to reduce exposures below the Permissible Exposure Level e Use all available work practices to control dust exposures such as water sprays e Wear only a N95 NIOSH certified respirator if respirator protection is required Do not alter the respirator Do not wear a tight fitting respirator with a beard or mus tache that prevents a good seal between the respirator and the face e Wear only a Type CE abrasive blast supplied air respirator for abrasive blasting e Wear disposable or washable work clothes and shower if facilities are available Vacuum the dust from your clothes or change into clean clothing before leaving the work site e Participate in training exposure monitoring and health screening
7. llllllll leere 42 Openings 44 Housekeeping rr 46 Hazards 48 55 Fleet Safety 56 Work Comp 58 Talks 62 L A 63 Housekeeping 65 Seat Belt 5 67 Eye 69 Fire Extinguisher Use 71 Horseploy rsrs serre ori 049 00 PESE Y ES EGGS PE 73 Ladder 75 Personal Protective Equipment 77 Power Tools ar 79 Masonry Sprains and lt 5 81 Safe Attitudes ee 83 Safety Commitment 85 Construction Slips Trips and 87 Working with 91 Cutoff Saw 5 95 Working Around 99 Selecting Rebar Safety lt 5
8. AID INVOLVING CONCRETE Flush eyes immediately for 15 minutes if concrete contacts Drying concrete can severely dry skin i b eves if i bbina wil Wet clothing worn during concrete work can transfer the further the damage acidic or hydroscopic effects to the skin resulting in burns or skin dryness e Use waterproof kneepads when finishing concrete to avoid transferring chemical effects to the knees Flush skin and gently remove excess concrete Remove clothing if grossly contaminated Please pick up items you might see lying on the floor e Remove or bend over all nails protruding from exposed surfaces TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK BEST PRACTICES Route air hoses extension cords welding leads and power lines out of travel paths Create a designated smoking area on the site with a cigarette receptacle Items placed on elevated walkways or platforms should be protected from falling by use of toe boards Storage should be on neatly stacked level surfaces AII chemical or material spills should be cleaned up im mediately A spill kit should be placed within a reasonable travel distance and be easily visible APPROVED CLOTHING When placing or floating concrete always wear clothing listed below Rubber gloves to protect hands from acidic and hydroscopic concrete effects Rubber boots to protect feet from abrasion injury and effects of conc
9. Program is intended to assist in controlling human suffering and economic losses resulting from the improper operation and use of company vehicles Vehicle safety programs are important to any fleet operation regardless of size or function The following elements should be given consideration in developing a contractor fleet safety program For a complete review of MEM s Fleet Safety Program access MEM s electronic safety resources via iNet Reference MEM Management Information Sheet Fleet Safety Program Contractor INCIDENTAL FLEET SAFETY Management Commitment Driver selection screening qualification Federal state motor carrier regulations Motor vehicle records MVR Driver interview Driver tests Driver road tests Driver Safety Policies General safety policies Seat Belt policy Cell phone Driver Training New employee orientation On going Remedial Driver Supervision Motivation program Road observation program Vehicles Selection Preventive maintenance nspections Accident Reporting Investigation and Review Incident Reporting Incident Review Analyze Trends Missouri Workers Compensation Law REFORM August 28 2005 Safety Rules If an employee has an injury caused by the employee s failure to use safety devices provided by the employer or failure to obey a reasonable safety rule of the employer the compensation and death benefits are reduced at least 25 p
10. against being able to reopen Use of a fire extinguisher in the early stages of a fire may either put it out or delay its spread until the Fire Department arrives Fire extinguishers are only effective for small fires in the early stages Only properly trained employees should use fire extinguishers Upon Observing Smoke or Fire Remember R A C E and 5 5 R A C E R React Rescue Clear all personnel from the area As Alarm 1 Sound the alarm Have someone notify the Fire Department 2 Follow procedures in the emergency evacuation plan Life safety is the most important consideration Contain Shut off equipment Shut doors on the way out Es Extinguish Use an extinguisher labeled for the type of fire present Having ABC labeled extinguishers saves time by eliminating that decision Once the extinguisher is removed from the wall hanger or cabinet stand at least 6 to 8 feet from the fire to avoid splashing or scattering embers with the spray from the extinguisher It s now time to PA S S PA S S Pull the pin on the extinguisher handle As Aim at the base of the flames 5 Squeeze the handle S Sweep the spray across the base of the flames A dry chemical fire extinguisher can make short work of a 3 X 4 pan of burning diesel fuel FIRE TYPE EXTINGUISHING Ordinary combustibles wood paper etc Flammable liquids Dry chemical or foam C Electrical energized equipment Dry chemical Specialty dry che
11. climb cross braces to reach a scaffold platform L Use ladders or stairways to reach platforms that are more than 2 feet above or below the access point COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONS L Never use damaged scaffold components Repair or replace them immediately Make sure a competent person inspects the components before each work shift L Do not modify components Use only manvfacturer s connection pins L Don t mix components made by different manufacturers L Never use damaged wire rope ENVIRONMENT Watch for electrical hazards L Don t work on slippery platforms or during strong winds ERECTING DISMANTLING AND MOVING L Have only trained and experienced workers erect scaffolds L Never roll a scaffold while you are on it L Never use wood outrigger systems FALL PROTECTION AND FALLING OBJECTS 1 Match fall protection systems with the appropriate type of scaffold L Make sure platforms are guarded to keep workers and equipment from falling L Don t drop anything from a scaffold INSPECTION 1 Inspect components connections planks and structures regularly for hazards _1 Unprotected rebar should be capped LADDERS L Don t use ladders for any reason on a standard scaffold platform LEVELING L Keep the scaffold level plumb and square L Don t use bricks blocks barrels or other unstable objects to level a scaffold PLATFORMS L Don t work on slippery platforms L Never use a stage that is too long or too sh
12. more than 2 feet above or below the access point Do not use cross braces as a means of access The competent person designated by the employer must determine if safe access is feasible at each stage of the erecting and dismantling process Hook on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon as possible after scaffold erection begins End frames of tubular welded frame scaffolds that have parallel level horizontal members may be used for access Cross bracing is not an acceptable means of access ef flo Oy DON T DO THIS Don t climb braces to reach a scaf fold platform Use stairways or ladders to reach plat forms more than 2 feet above or below the access point ERECTING MOVING DISMANTLING Scaffolds must be erected moved dismantled or altered only under the supervision of a competent person The competent person must be on the worksite to direct and supervise all scaffold erecting dismantling altering and moving operations Work must be performed only by trained experienced persons selected by the competent person POWER LINES Be aware of electrocution hazards when assembling using or dismantling scaffolds near power lines Minimum clearance distances Uninsulated electrical lines 10 feet Insulated lines more than 300 volts 10 feet Insulated lines less than 300 volts 3 feet 9 Gw 9 Call the electrical utility compan
13. BEWARE EXPOSED REBAR Never allow employees to work over uncapped and exposed rebar e Cap exposed rebar ends to prevent serious puncture injury during a fall e Cap rebar with the correct cap Square cap for falls from height Rounded caps for standing falls PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Caps receive a 2x4 board and cover several bars PPE required for working in concrete or around rebar in a line Bye Protection Cap all exposed rebar no matter what the circumstances Gloves Bent over rebar still creates a trip hazard Protective footwear Bent over rebar still creates a foot injury hazard Reflective high visibility vest if working in traffic e Bent over rebar still creates a laceration hazard Toot Box TALKS 99 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK CONCRETE BUCKETS Keep rebar off of the ground or floor with 2x4 material Never ride concrete buckets beneath the bundle or pile e Vibrator or finish crews shall never work directly beneath Always wear gloves when handling rebar suspended concrete buckets Use rebar for concrete work only never use it as a substi Never use rebar hooks or loops on kibbles or buckets tute for handles hooks railing or ground rod Bolt cutters or side cutter pliers must be maintained in BEST PRACTICES sharp condition e Use float handles made of non conductive material e Clear are
14. WHO S MAKING MISSOURI WORKPLACES SAFER 0 0 D C x LLI gt 0 Fa I MASONRY SAFETY Www mem ins com 1 09 These materials are provided for informational purposes only Missouri Employers Mutual assumes no liability for the use or sufficiency of the information provided The applicability of this Information to your specific workplace can be determined only in consultation with your own legal counsel and or safety professional Our Vision Safe healthy and injury free workplaces Our Mission We provide innovative cost effective solutions employers need to create safe healthy and injury free workplaces This guide is intended to explain in easily understood terms the safe work practices contractors can utilize to eliminate injury and assist in meeting some OSHA requirements This guide does not replace any requirements detailed in actual OSHA regulations for construction and it should be used only as a companion to the actual regulations A RR RR RI RRRRR RR G RIRRe 6 RNS 9 25 Fall Protection 27 Ladders 29 32 Forklift Trucks 34 40 Manual Handling 41 Personal Protective Equipment
15. Y steel reinforced rebar caps that prevent rebar push through Cut off exposed rebar if it does not serve a purpose Use 2X4 troughs to cover long spans of exposed rebar Please pick up items you might see lying on the floor Remove or bend over all nails protruding from exposed surfaces Route air hoses extension cords welding leads and power lines out of travel paths Create a designated smoking area on the site with a cigarette receptacle Items placed on elevated walkways or platforms should be protected from falling by use of toe boards Storage should be on neatly stacked level surfaces All chemical or material spills should be cleaned up immediately A spill kit should be placed within a reasonable travel distance and be easily visible TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Dimensions is MEM s revolutionary approach to medical and disability management Dimensions ensures each and every injured employee is treated comprehensively with the ultimate goal of a safe and successful return to work To accomplish this it relies on three primary dimensions our 3 D approach to injury management MEM s Dimensions Partner CorVel Corporation provides a nationwide network of providers experienced in working with typical workers compensation injuries You are encouraged to always access the closest hospital regardless of network affiliation in the event of a life threatening injury
16. a of bystanders when cutoff saws or other power e Walk do not run on the jobsite tools are used e Prevent workers or pedestrians from walking across form work rebar PERSONAL HYGIENE Limit personnel in the concrete finish area e Flush eyes for 15 minutes with warm water if contacted Cap all rebar with the correct rebar cap with concrete e Use caution and be aware of footing when pulling a e DO NOT RUB EYES as concrete is an abrasive and will do come along or power screed backward further damage Keep boot laces and pant leg cuffs tucked to prevent e Wash concrete from skin immediately entanglement in rebar or ties e Wash hands often Store rebar in neatly stacked piles Avoid inhaling cement dust use a quality approved filtering mask TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SELECTING REBAR SAFETY CAPS Rebar is used on almost every jobsite Not only is rebar used to improve the structural integrity of concrete it is used to pin slabs and hold cement formwork in place All protruding rebar is hazardous Employees can fall onto protruding rebar creating major and even life threatening injuries Cover exposed rebar with the correct protective cap There are three types of rebar cap and each has a specific safety purpose Use these safety tips when using rebar WorkSAFE TIPS PENSA WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS e Concrete footing rebar protrudes into wa
17. and surveillance programs to monitor any adverse health effects caused by crystalline silica exposures e Be aware of the operations and job tasks creating crystalline silica exposures in your workplace environment and know how to protect workers Hemm HAZARD INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES e Be aware of the health hazards related to exposures to crystalline silica Smoking adds to the lung damage caused bv silica exposures Do not eat drink smoke or apply cosmetics in areas where crystalline silica dust is present Wash hands and face outside of dusty areas before performing any of these activities Remember If it s silica it s not just dust Hemm HAZARD INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES What happens to the body Headaches dizziness or light headedness weakness mood changes irritability or confusion feeling sick to your stomach vomiting fainting decreased and dark colored urine and pale clammy skin What should be done Move the person to a cool shaded area Don t leave the person alone If the person is dizzy or light headed lay him on his back and raise his legs about 6 8 inches If the person is sick to his stomach lay him on his left side Loosen and remove heavy clothing Have the person drink some cool water a small cup every 15 minutes if he is not feeling sick to his stomach Try to cool the person by fanning him Cool the skin with a cool mist of water or wet cl
18. coated with snow ice or other slippery material is prohibited unless it is necessary to remove the slippery material Reference OSHA 1926 451 f 8 Be aware of the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke when you re working in hot humid conditions The table below shows the risks of exposure to high temperature and high humidity 120 126 107 111 116 123 130 139 105 107 111 115 120 127 135 143 1510 99 102 1051108 112117 INTENS 95 97 100 102 105 8109 015 8 7123 1129 Nea 9 95 97 99 101 10471077 110 115 120 126 Ga Mas aa Sa 87 90 91 9 94 96 98 101 10410710 TA SN 83 85 86 87 88 90 91 93 95 96 98 100 102106 109113 1 7 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 91 93 95 97 99 102 10508 74 75 76 78 79 79 80 81 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 69 69 70 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 T5 T5 76 76 T T 78 78 79 80 641 64 6 65 6 66 oof of 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 A A A n n 7H 9 Pad kar mal Extreme Danger Heat stroke highly likely Danger Muscle cramps and or heat exhaustion likely Extreme caution Muscle cramps and or heat exhaustion possible Caution Fatigue possible Contractor INCIDENTAL FLEET SAFETY Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of work related fatalities Each year approximately 44 000 people die in work related motor vehicle accidents Another 2 3 million people incur disabling injuries A Fleet Safety
19. d used and emptied when appropriate e Remove all scrap lumber waste material and rubbish from the immediate work area as work progresses MATERIAL STORAGE Designate specific material storage areas on the jobsite and stage materials at stor age areas to ease and facilitate the moving and transferring of materials supplies to the production work area Plan the way materials are to be taken from a pile or stack at the time materials are delivered e Secure materials stored in tiers by stacking racking blocking or interlocking to pre vent them from falling Brick stacks should not be over 7 feet high when over 4 feet high taper back Masonry stacks over 6 feet high taper back Surplus materials should be returned to the stockpile e Store flammable materials in closed containers prohibit smoking in flammable liquid storage areas e Keep all solvent waste oily rags and flammable liquids in fire resistant covered con tainers until removed e Incompatible chemical products which may cause hazardous reaction if they come in contact should not be stored together Hazard INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES What is crystalline silica Crystalline silica is a basic component of soil sand granite and many other minerals Quartz is the most common form of crystalline silica Material may become respirable size particles when workers chip cut drill or grind objects that contain crystalline silica What ar
20. d retract telescoping boom Raise boom to maximum height Check steering in all modes Check horn backup alarm and lights Where inspection finds that parts need replaced or machine needs repair report it to the supervisor and get the forklift fixed before beginning operations Keep all inspection forms and repair records on file Rouen TERRAIN Fonkurr Trucxs Movine THE Loan Operators must be certified and properly trained Follow manufacturer s instructions 5 Square up center load keep load stable and level Check boom angle indicator and boom extensions guide Never raise the load while moving Never exceed the manufacturer s load requirements Stay aware of surroundings for overhead electrical lines scaffolds other equipment and people Take the needed time Always wear a safety belt MANUAL HANDLING AND LIFTING Manually handling materials When lifting objects lift with your legs keep your back straight do not twist and use handling aids Seek help When a load is too bulky to properly grasp or lift 5 When a person can t see around or over the load When the load can t be safely handled 9 Attach handles to loads to reduce the chances of getting fingers smashed Stack bricks in a manner that will keep them from falling Do not stack them more than 7 feet high Taper back a loose brick stack after it is 4 feet high PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
21. d working in high winds icy or slick conditions and during lightning Set loads over supports Placing loads on the middle of planking can cause it to deflect or break Avoid setting scaffold near power lines or building electrical e Top railing required at 35 45 with a mid rail and a toe service entrance board to prevent materials from falling on employees working below IMPROPER MUD SILL PLANK STAMP PLANK DEFECT LOAD PLACEMENT i m TM a y SE gt SET Good housekeeping is the basis of accident prevention All employees should be concerned about housekeeping and actively work to keep the site clean and hazard free Poor housekeeping leads to accidents reduces productivity increases scrap and creates a poor image of the worksite Tripping over materials is a common workplace accident Always put away materials or tools when not in use Store materials in a designated area away from the employee and machinery travel path Foremost clean up trash even if you didn t create it WorkSAFE TIPS nr r rRAlAawuR EE To have good housekeeping everyone must participate Establish cleanup breaks throughout the day instead of waiting for the end of the day Designate a person to keep a particular area clean Have enough trash receptacles for the location with reasonable travel distance Empty regularly Start with good lighting throughout the site Poor light
22. e extra lifting later e Exercise This strengthens and conditions your back e it necessary to lift the item Stretch Cold stiff muscles are more prone to injury e Can equipment be substituted for manual lifting Posture Keep your back straight Prepare for the lift Watch your weight Being overweight puts additional a Look at what you are going to lift strain on your body b How will you grab if Watch the weight Don t lift items that are too heavy c Have you cleared your way Get help If it is heavy use a team lift or equipment d Know the weight Use the proper technique Improper lifting even of light Toot Box TALKS e Get help and do a team lift if needed items can cause injuries Perform the lift Wear proper footwear Wear steel toed boots in case you e Stand close i Keep your back straight drop tools or materials f Bend the knees Keep the item close to your body Use gloves as appropriate Gloves provide better grip g Geta good grip Lift with your legs and protect hands from injuries h Test the weight Don t twist Save your back Use dollies or carts Don t show off Looking tough to your buddies seems cool until you prove you re not Take breaks REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE WHEN LIFTING 81 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SAFE ATTITUDES Webster s dictionary says it s A state of mind or a feeling Each day when y
23. e the hazards of crystalline silica Silica exposure remains a serious threat to nearly 2 million U S workers The seriousness of the health hazards associated with silica exposure is demonstrated by the fatalities and disabling illnesses that continue to occur in sandblasters and rock drillers Crystalline silica has been classified as a human lung carcinogen Additionally breathing crystalline silica dust can cause silicosis which in severe cases can be disabling or even fatal The respirable silica dust enters the lungs and causes the formation of scar tissue thus reducing the lungs ability to take in oxygen There is no cure for silicosis Since silicosis affects lung function it makes one more susceptible to lung infections like tuberculosis In addition smoking causes lung damage and adds to the damage caused by breathing silica dust Hazard INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES Silicosis is classified into three types Chronic classic silicosis the most common occurs after 15 20 years of moderate to low exposures to respirable crystalline silica Symptoms associated with chronic silicosis may or may not be obvious therefore workers need to have a chest x ray to determine if there is lung damage As the disease progresses the worker may experience shortness of breath upon exercising and have clinical signs of poor oxygen carbon dioxide exchange Accelerated silicosis can occur after 5 10 years of high exposures to respirable
24. employees in hazard identification assessment prioritization training and program evaluation Establish a way and encourage employees to report job related fatalities injuries illnesses incidents and hazards promptly Make recommendations about appropriate ways to control those hazards Employers must ensure that all employees have a safe work environment and that the employees follow safety and health standards and company policies This becomes more challenging when the employer is a contractor and the work sites continually change with each project Employers should enforce safety and health standards along with the company s safety and health policies by periodically monitoring employee work practices The employer routinely conducts scheduled and unscheduled work site inspections and addresses any reported or observed unsafe practices can accomplish this Falls are the leading cause of fatal injuries in the construction industry in fact half of all work related fatal falls in the United States occur in the construction industry Buildings and structures scaffolds and ladders are the primary locations from which fatal falls occur in the construction industry One of every five workplace fatalities is a construction employee Struck by falling objects 20 Average cost per injury 42 232 Falls from ladders 16 Average cost per injury 14 224 Falls all other types including scaffolding 31 Average cost per
25. environmental conditions such as sun heat or cold PPE gives you the best possible protection when you know what to use how to use it when to use it and how to maintain it properly WorkSAFE TIPS PPE works if you know how to use it Know which equipment is designed to guard against certain types of hazards If you have any question about appropriate PPE ask a supervisor Know the proper way to put on PPE adjust it determine if it fits properly determine whether it is defective and how to maintain it on a regular basis If you have any question about how to put on and adjust your PPE ask a supervisor There are different sizes of PPE Make sure you use the correct size to provide you with the maximum amount of protection from the PPE Store your PPE properly and take it out of service if it is defective A respirator shoved into a toolbox can become distorted and no longer seal properly Fall protection equipment can be damaged during use and no longer provide protection in another fall Ad Safety glasses goggles and face protection should be worn by employees exposed to flying particles liquid chemicals acids or caustic liquid splashes Hard hats should be worn where there is a danger of falling objects Wear an approved hat liner if working in cold environments Safety shoes should be worn in work areas where tools or heavy objects could be dropped on the feet Gloves should be worn for protection from cuts scrapes p
26. ercent but not more than 50 percent Section 287 120 5 RSMo Drug Alcohol Policy If the employee fails to obey any rule or policy adopted by the employer of a drug free workplace for the use of alcohol or non prescribed controlled drugs in the workplace and the employee sustains an injury while using alcohol or non prescribed drugs the compensation and death benefits shall be reduced by 50 percent If the employee s use of alcohol or non prescribed controlled drugs in violation of the employer s rule or policy is the proximate cause of the employee s injury the benefits for compensation payable for death or disability are forfeited If the employer does request a drug test of the employee when an injury occurs and the employee refuses to take the test the employee forfeits all workers compensa tion benefits Section 287 120 6 RSMo Missouri Workers Compensation Law REFORM Information regarding the set up of the programs and sample programs can be found at http www usdoj gov dea demand dfmanual 01 adf htm DEA Website www dea gov www mem ins com Toot Box TALKS MEM s WorkSAFE System Education component places emphasis on training all employees on how to work safely Specifically employees need to know About workplace hazards to which they may be exposed How to recognize hazards and How to minimize their exposure The best way to educate employees and for them to learn is through training The fo
27. extend no more than 18 inches beyond a support unless the excess length is guarded or can support workers and material without tip ping Overhang 10 feet or less 6 12 Feet Overhang more than 10 feet 6 18 Feet ABUTTED PLANKS When platform planks are abutted to create a long plat form each abutted end must rest on a separate support Abutted planks touch end to end on separate support surfaces they do not rest on one another OVERLAPPED PLANKS Platform planks overlapped to create a long platform must overlap at least 12 inches over supports unless the planks are nailed together or otherwise restrained so they do not move Improper overlapping and support DIRECTION CHANGES Any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle must be laid first Platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer must rest on top of the first platform E D V Ve This directional change is not at a right angle The planks that form the change need to be laid first to help prevent plank displacement This scaffold also has unsafe guardrails in that there are no midrails or toeboards and the toprail is held together with 9 wire Also the toprail has a gap between the rail and the platform ACCESS TO SCAFFOLDS Employers must provide all workers with safe access to scaffolds and scaffold platforms Workers must use ladders or stairways to reach platforms that are
28. ined center of gravity CG shifts toward line B C Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B C In actual practice the combined CG should never be at line B C 2 The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and result in a truck that is less stable laterally STABILITY TRIANGLE Stability Triangle Load CG Load CC em Vertical Stability Line Line of Action j 7 Combined CG Combined CG Vertical Truck CG Truck CG i Stability Line Line of Action 0 A d J s ka The vehicle is stable This vehicle is unstable and will continue to tip over Rovcn TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS INSPECT REGULARLY L Check carriage for broken or cracked weld points Lubricate to the manufacturer s instructions Forks crack free Check hydraulics ___For leaking fluids loose fittings damaged cylinders ___Fluid levels Mounting hardware on the cylinders Check fluid levels Oil coolant fuel Check under forklift for signs of leaks Check tires for excessive wear or splitting of pneumatics nail punctures nuts splits bulges and tightness of wheel nuts Check boom frame structure and overhead guard for cracks or damage Check gauges Check brakes Check frame leveling function Raise forks to eye level extend an
29. ing ties or jewelry e Keep cords and hoses away from heat oil and sharp edges can become caught in moving parts Disconnect tools when not in use before servicing cleaning e Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag and when changing accessories such as blades bits and them Do not use cutters e Operate tools in locations appropriate for the tool Never operate e Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe electrical tools in wet area or areas with explosive environments distance from the work area e Always inspect tools before use Never use a tool with a cut Secure the object with clamps or a vise freeing both hands cord or missing ground plug to operate the tool e Always direct electric saws away from users while cutting e Avoid accidental starting Do not hold fingers on the switch e Transport and store tools in safe areas to prevent falling and button while carrying a plugged in tool damage Maintain tools with care keep them sharp and clean for best performance TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK MASONRY SPRAINS AND STRAINS Sprains strains and twisting type injuries are common for masons Improper lifting can cause injuries that can take weeks or months to completely heal WorkSAFE TIPS F F F A i Lifting Basics Safety Tips e Properly stage materials Planning can reduc
30. injury 13 114 Lifting material handling 1 096 Average cost per injury 27 330 Based on MEM s loss data 2002 2004 COMPETENT PERSON AND QUALIFIED PERSON A QUALIFIED PERSON has a recognized degree certificate or professional standing or by extensive knowledge training and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve problems related to the subject the work or the project A COMPETENT PERSON can identify hazardous working conditions and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them The competent person who has primary responsibility for supervising and directing all scaffolding erection dismantling and altering work must Know OSHA S 1926 32 sub Part L requirements applicable to the types of scaffolds used Be able to identify and correct hazards encountered in scaffold work Be trained in the structural integrity of the types of scaffolds used Have the authority to promptly abate hazardous worksite conditions A competent person s duties can be shared as long as each person is qualified to perform the duty and has authority to abate hazards promptly Only a competent person can Determine feasible safe access for persons erecting and dismantling scaffolds Inspect scaffolds and components for hazards before each work shift and after any event that could affect the scaffolds structural integrity Supervise and direct all scaffold erection dis
31. is a critical factor in tripping accidents Conduct regular housekeeping inspections Have a designated break area Throw trash in garbage cans to keep the area clean Keep travel paths clear of trash mud ice or snow Store tools with sharp edges turned away from employees Please pick up items you might see lying on the floor Remove or bend over all nails protruding from exposed surfaces Route air hoses extension cords welding leads and power lines out of travel paths Create a designated smoking area on the site with a cigarette receptacle Items placed on elevated walkways or platforms should be protected from falling by use of toe boards Storage should be on neatly stacked level surfaces All chemical or material spills should be cleaned up immediately A spill kit should be placed within a reasonable travel distance and be easily visible REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND MAINTAIN GOOD HOUSEKEEPING Toot Box TALKS 65 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK SEAT BELT USE The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration NHTSA states that research has shown that lap shoulder belts when used properly reduce the risk of fatal injury to front seat car passenger by 45 percent and the risk of moderate to critical injury by 50 percent Light truck occupants reduce the risk of fatal injury by 60 percent if seat belts are worn properly Rural American
32. its do not exceed 1 inch unless more space is necessary fitting around uprights with side brackets to extend platform width The maximum opening can not exceed 9 1 2 inches OSHA 1926 451 b 1 i PLATFORM AND WALKWAY WIDTHS Platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide If work areas are too narrow for 18 inch plat forms or walkways workers can use narrower platforms but they must be protected from fall hazards by guardrails and or personal fall arrest systems OSHA allows 12 inch widths for ladder jack top plate bracket roof bracket and pump jack scaffolds OSHA 1926 451 b 2 amp 1926 451 b 2 ii SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION FRONT EDGE OF PLATFORMS The front edge of a scaffold platform cannot be more than 14 inches from the face of a structure unless guardrails or personal fall arrest systems are used to protect workers from falling between the struc ture and the platform There are two exceptions to this requirement 1 the front edge distance for out rigger scaffolds must be no more than 3 inches and 2 scaffolds used for plastering and lathing work can be no more than 18 inches from the face of a structure 1926 451 6 3 PLATFORM LENGTHS A platform 10 feet or less in length must extend at least 6 inches but no more than 12 inches beyond its support unless the excess length is guarded or can support workers and material without tipping A platform longer than 10 feet can
33. lds Those who work from scaffolds Those who erect dismantle scaffolds WHO CAN TRAIN THEM Any person who has training and experience Any person who has training and experience in the critical scaffold issues above and in the critical scaffold issues above who who can teach the issues to scaffold users can teach the issues to erectors dismantlers and who has authority to control scaffold hazards HOW OFTEN TO TRAIN THEM Before they begin a new job Whenever changes at the worksite present new hazards Whenever they fail to demonstrate skills related to any of the critical scaffold issues Before they begin a new job Whenever changes at the worksite present new hazards Whenever they fail to demonstrate skills related to any of the critical scaffold issues SCAFFOLD SUMMARY AVOID THE MAIN HAZARDS OF SCAFFOLDS Falls from elevation Bad planking Scaffold collapse Getting struck by falling tools or debris Electrocution REMEMBER TO Use appropriate scaffold construction methods Erect move or alter scaffold properly Protect from falling objects or tools Ensure stable access Use a competent person Train on scaffold construction and the hazards involved with scaffolds Inspect scaffold before each shift and after alterations Determine fall protection requirements SCAFFOLD SAFE PRACTICE CHECKLIST ACCESS L Maintain a safe access to scaffolds and scaffold platforms L Don t
34. lking spaces ALL EXPOSED REBAR IS AN IMPALEMENT HAZARD Rebar protrudes from concrete foundation work Exposed rebar creates a trip hazard Rebar scraps left lying about the jobsite Employees can fall and be impaled on exposed rebar Rebar creates trip hazards during flatwork e Concrete formwork pins protruding at low levels PROTECT EMPLOYEES FROM EXPOSED REBAR Toot Box TALKS 2 eto e 0 7 bs 1 gt ONLY PURCHASE AND USE QUALITY REBAR CAPS like the exampl 22 qi PED IPL ES 103 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Wear gloves when handling rebar Rebar is rusty Flush cuts with water or peroxide cover and see a physician Wear eye protection when tying or handling rebar Wear good protective boots when working in or near flatwork Tuck in shoestrings and pants legs to prevent hang ups when walking through flatwork BEST PRACTICES All jobsite employees should be trained to recognize when rebar becomes a hazard Routinely pick up scrap rebar to prevent trip hazards When caps are not available bend rebar over or loop the protruding end to protect employees from injury Remember that the rebar cap must protect against injury when the FULL FORCE of a fall is applied NOT ALL REBAR CAPS PROTECT rebar will push through poor quality caps when impacted Use only GOOD QUALIT
35. llowing Tool Box Talks are designed as a five to 15 minute pre work shift discussion that covers a particular safety topic and can be delivered on the jobsite during a tailgate session The talks are related to the workplace hazards and exposures addressed in this guide Toot Box TALKS 62 Tool Box Talks are discussions that cover a specific safety topic They are generally held prior to a shift last five to 15 minutes and are designed to heighten safety awareness and provide basic safety information on the topic More detailed training should be done at orientation on the job or other regularly scheduled training How often should Tool Box Talks be presented This will depend on site conditions and safety concerns On a large construction project it may be necessary to give the same Tool Box Talk several times to ensure all subcontractors are addressed On smaller projects one session could address all personnel on site It is recommended that Tool Box Talks be presented at least weekly to all employees When possible this should be at a routine time and day to establish it as a good safety habit What Tool Box Talk should be used The purpose of the Tool Box Talk is to raise NOVO ee e safety awareness of a particular topic Ideally 1 Read or paraphrase the introduction corresponding the talk with location activities of the subject to the group would provide the maximum impact to keep 2 Review the WorkSAFE ti
36. mantling and altering work Determine the feasibility of providing fall protection for each scaffold erection and dismantling operation Determine whether it is safe to work on scaffolds during storms or high winds Determine whether scaffold components made from different metals can be used together Determine whether scaffold components made by different manufacturers can be used together Identify the cause and significance of a deteriorated scaffold component and correct the hazard THE SCAFFOLD AS A TEMPORARY WORK PLATFORM A scaffold is simply an elevated platform that supports workers and materials Lay boards across a couple of tall buckets and you have a supported scaffold but not a safe one Most scaffolds used for construction work are complex structures and workers need to know how to erect dismantle and work from them safely Unsafe scaffolds endanger workers in many ways Components can break collapse or give way e Planks boards decks or handrails can fail e In some cases entire structures have collapsed Even on sound scaffolds workers can slip or lose their balance and without appropriate protection they don t have to fall far to get hurt Scaffold accidents generally can be traced to improperly trained workers or component failure Scaffolds must be able to Support their own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied to them Unless otherwise no
37. ments e Review the owners manual during saw training e Hearing protection due to extreme noise Cutoff saws have different hazards than chain saws e Dust filtering mask when exposed to airborne particles e A tool with the capability to cut steel or concrete can most Protective footwear in case tool is dropped definitely injure an operator Gloves for flying objects and vibration HAZARDS PRE USE INSPECTION Cutoff saws expose users to the following hazards Blade not cracked chipped or warped Noise from engine and cutting action e Blade is not excessively worn e Vibration transmitted through handles Saw is fueled when cold e Dust that contains silica from cutting concrete Belt and blade guards are present and adjusted e Flying objects as saw makes the cut e Personal Protective Equipment is worn e Cutting disc explosion due to high RPM Non essential personnel are clear of the area Pinch points from unguarded drive belt Submit maintenance or safety concerns in writing TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK BEST PRACTICES e Follow direction of travel when mounting a cutting wheel e Limit persons or bystanders in the area a cutoff saw is Remove cutting wheels when transporting a saw being used transportation movement can damage a blade e Use a cutoff saw only for its intended application e Mount cutting discs with the correct tools Match c
38. mical Toot Box TALKS 71 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK HORSEPLAY A sure way to get some laughs on the job is a practical joke Humor helps increase job satisfaction but can quickly lead to horseplay and employee injuries Practical jokes and horseplay escalate into in depth elaborate tricks which cost the company valuable time and resources Horseplay is not tolerated here and employees will be reprimanded if engaged in these practices WorkSAFE TIPS PENSA Think before you act Will this joke injure an employee Letthe prankster know that their actions are not appreciated Report pranksters to management before they can injure an e Pranks can result in legal problems if actual or perceived employee injuries occur e Practical jokes are counter productive They are not permitted by company safety rules Toot Box TALKS REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND HORSEPLAY IS NOT A GOOD IDEA AND CAN GET YOU AND OTHERS IN TROUBLE OR INJURED ON THE JOB 73 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK LADDER SAFETY Ladders are used throughout our industry daily to help complete our operations Ladders and falls from ladders account for numerous employee injuries every year To avoid these injuries we have adopted the following safety rules which we expect you to follow at all times WorkSAFE TIPS Kn
39. n is a benefit to employees One approach is to discuss off work activities enjoyed by employees and how they would be impacted by a severe eye injury WorkSAFE TIPS N I I NA Plan the task Can the tool to be used produce flying particles or dust If flying particles or dust are created eye protection is needed Provide appropriate eye protection for the task safety glasses goggles or face shield Counter objections by discussing the purpose of eye protection and proper adjustment to wear it properly Review the use of guards on tools that help contain flying o particles Keep eye protection dean check and dean before use Provide eye protection that is adjustable If the equipment is comfortable it is more likely to be used Discuss employee hobbies and off work activities that could be impaired by lost eyesight watching children s activities seeing wife significant other watching or participating in sports hunting fishing driving etc Inspect tools prior to use to be sure guards are in place REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND PROTECT YOUR EYESIGHT Toot Box TALKS 69 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK FIRE EXTINGUISHER USE Don t Let Your Job Go Up In Smoke A small fire unchecked can quickly become a large one causing injuries and property loss Did you know that when a company s building and production equipment is destroyed the odds are
40. or knots splits cuts that can thaw throughout the day burns etc that weaken it Make sure to inspect for defects or bends in legs and Each level of the scaffold should be fully planked with no uprights more than a one inch gap between planks e Planking must overlap on a scaffold support with six inches Coupling and Pinning on each side of the support resulting in the total overlap of DO NOT make alterations to cross braces or couplers the two planks being 12 DO NOT mix brands of cross bracing Planking that overhangs a support should range from 6 Make sure couplers are pinned in place DO NOT use wire 12 if plank is 10 or less in length If plank is more than 10 or nails long it can overhang up to 18 Box TALKS 64 Excessive overhangs can be stepped on and cause the plank to tip DO NOT climb the frame of end supports unless it has a built in ladder of at least 11 1 2 wide Otherwise access to each level should be by means of a ladder DO NOT paint or coat plank boards The coatings can hide the defects such as cracks or knots Fall Protection e After 10 vertical feet a fall arrest system should be worn or safety railing put in place Rails should enclose all sides except the building side if the gap to the building is 14 or less Scaffolds must be tied to the building structure every 25 of height and every 30 of length Other Safety Concerns Avoi
41. ort for the job Planking must be sound and meet OSHA requirements L Don t use makeshift methods to increase the working height of a scaffold platform 1926 700 706 Top OSHA Citations 2005 Standard 1926 EC Reinforcing steel Guard by capping rebar NS 701 b 225 th TTT Formwork Capable of supporting loads 701 a 1 11 Masonry walls Bracing 706 b 7 didum crus Masonry walls Limited access zone prior to start 706 1 6 Limiten Access Zone Watt Bracing When a masonry wall is being constructed employers must establish a limited access zone prior to the start of construction The limited access zone must be as follows Equal to the height of the wall be constructed plus 4 feet and shall run the entire length of the wall On the side of the wall that will be unscaffolded Restricted to entry only by employees actively engaged in constructing the wall and Kept in place until the wall is adequately supported to prevent overturning and col lapse unless the height of wall is more than 8 feet unsupported in such case it must be braced The bracing must remain in place until permanent supporting elements of the structure are in place All masonry walls over eight feet in height shall be adequately braced to prevent overturning and to prevent collapse unless the wall is adequately supported The bracing shall remain in place until permanent supporting elements of the s
42. oth If the person does not feel better in a few minutes call for emergency help ambulance or 91 1 If heat exhaustion is not treated the illness may advance to heat stroke Hearta HAZARD INFORMATION FOR CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES What happens to the body Dry pale skin no sweating hot red skin looks like a sunburn mood changes irritability confusion and not making any sense seizures or fits and collapse will not respond What should be done Call for emergency help ambulance or 911 Move the person to a cool shaded area Don t leave the person alone Lay him on his back and if he is having seizures remove objects close to him so he won t hit them If the person is sick to his stomach lay him on his left side Remove heavy and outer clothing Have the person drink some cool water a small cup every 15 minutes if he is alert enough to drink anything and not feeling sick to his stomach Try to cool the person by fanning him Cool the skin with a cool mist of water wet cloth or wet sheet If ice is available place ice packs in armpits and groin area Extreme WEATHER CONDITIONS Storms and high winds Working on a scaffold is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe to be on the scaffold and workers are protected by personal fall arrest systems or wind screens Reference OSHA 1926 451 f 12 Slippery scaffolds Working on a scaffold
43. ou wake up you determine your attitude positive negative or somewhere in between Each day on the job you determine your attitude your safety attitude You make it a safe or unsafe one Remember some of the rules you were taught when you first went to school look both ways before crossing the street never talk to strangers and don t throw rocks Those rules were taught to keep you safe on your way to and from and at school At work we also have rules that will keep us safe Your positive attitude about the rules will keep you and your co workers safe Your attitude affects your behavior WorkSAFE TIPS E A A A qA e Have the attitude It can happen to me Have you e Come to work rested Your attitude will be more positive if ever had a co worker hurt who thought it couldn t happen you are rested to them Did they have an unsafe attitude Did they We sometimes forget a rule or even ignore them from time follow all the rules to time If you or someone suggests a safer way to do the Have the attitude It may take longer but I ll job or reminds you or others of a rule have a positive safety only do the job the safe way Neglecting safety rules attitude about the suggestion because we are in a hurry can lead to injuries The suggestion may have kept you and your co worker from Have the attitude I won t gamble or take chances injury Taking chances reflects a poor safety attitude If you take Have the attitude
44. ow your ladders Ladders must be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and after any incident that could affect their safe use When ascending or descending a ladder the employee must face the ladder e Metal ladders should be used with caution and ladders should have nonconductive side rails if the employee or ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment Ladders must not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built or beyond their manufacturer s rated capacity Ad Ladders must not be moved shifted or extended while in use Frequently clean the rungs of mud and other foreign material Ladders must be secured and extend a minimum of 36 inches 0 9 m above the landing The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders must be corru gated knurled dimpled coated with skid resistant material or treated to minimize slipping The area around the top and bottom of the ladders must be kept clear REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE AND PROPER LADDER SAFETY HELPS PREVENT FALLS ON THE JOB Toot Box TALKS 75 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal Protective Equipment is used to protect you when the hazards of a job can t be eliminated Some examples would include protec tion from falls noise punctures or lacerations overhead or falling objects and
45. oyees who suspect fraud to call our toll free fraud reporting hotline This service is designated for confidential anonymous reports of any suspicious activities Loss Prevention 1 888 499 SAFE 7233 Call our toll free safety resource hotline with questions about workplace safety The line is answered by MEM professionals who can direct you to the resources you need to make your workplace safe OSHA Office of Training and Education OSHA 10 Hour and 30 Hour Construction Industry Outreach Trainer Presentation OSHA Construction e tool Material contained in these publications are in the public domain and may be reproduced fully or partially without permission of the Federal Government Source credit is requested by not required www osha gov www orosha org Scaffolds Temporary elevated work platforms Guidelines for Oregon Workers OROSHA 440 3320 Company Drug Alcohol program http www usdoj gov dea demand dfmanual Tadf htm DEA Website www dea gov Missouri Department of Labor and Industrial Relations Division of Workers Compensation How the Changes in Workers Compensation Law Affect You WC 137 05 05 Al Missouri Employers Mutual www mem ins com MEM Missouri Employers Mutual 101 N Keene Street Columbia MO 65201 1 888 499 SAFE 7233 e worksafe mem ins com
46. p items the topic fresh in employee s thoughts A Tool with employees Box Talk can be presented to correspond with i 3 Discuss how the topic is important a recent near miss or accident to the health and safety of all Summary employees Tool Box Talks provide an effective method of 4 Note any concerns or recommen reinforcing and communicating a safety dations for improvements message to employees The result will include 5 Record talk ahendancenmerata a potential reduction in injury accidents and presented even save a life A fall from a scaffold from a height as little as six feet can be fatal or lead to lifelong disabilities Scaffold accidents are generally the result of improper set up or component failure WorkSAFE TIPS Scaffold Base e Always inspect couplings for cracks bends or cross braces that Set on firm level ground do not match up e Make sure system is level and plumb Use adjustable screw jacks with mud sills Legs alone can Planking sink in soil or cut through other mud sill materials bricks Planking must be certified graded plank material with wood etc certification stamp Common lumber is less sturdy and can DO NOT use hollow concrete blocks they can break and bend or deflect or break cause scaffold to shift Use heavy timbers to level scaffold Fabricated aluminum planks are acceptable Protect scaffold from settling when set up on frozen soil Wood planks should be inspected f
47. rails maintaining contact at all times Do not carry any object or load while climbing ladder Keep your center of gravity between the side rails Your belt buckle should never be outside of the side rails Keep boots shoes clean of mud grease or any other slippery materials which could cause loss of footing Lanner SAFE PRACTICES Safe practice guidelines for ladder work Select a ladder that s correct for the job For extension ladders the ladder top must extend at least 36 inches above the ac cess area It serves Tie the ladder off at the top to prevent shifting or slipping Inspect the ladder before using it It should be dry clean and undamaged Use the four to one rule to determine the angle of the ladder The base of the ladder should be one foot away from the structure for every four feet between the ground and the support at the top of the ladder Protect the base of the ladder so that people or vehicles won t strike it Keep scrap and materials away from base and top of ladders since getting on and off the ladder is relatively hazardous Crossbracing on the rear section of stepladders should not be used for climbing un less designed for that Face the ladder and keep both hands on the side rails Raise and lower loads with a hand line or hoist Make sure metal ladders have steps and rungs with skid resistant surfaces Allow only one person to work from a ladder Use a scaffold when two or more people must
48. raped clear of mud Provide a mat at entrances during precipitation Routinely pick up and discard waste and scrap Put tools in a pre determined area out of walkways Inspect area routinely for hazards and make corrections TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Thousands of Missouri workers pour and work with concrete every day Homeowners and do it yourselfers also do concrete work Concrete construction involves people trucks saws tools and lots of supplies including rebar and chemicals Concrete work presents many hazards from eye injury to slip and fall to even fatality due to being run over by mixer trucks Use the below basic safety tips to prevent injury during concrete construction WorkSAFE TIPS CONCRETE AS A CHEMICAL EXPOSURE HYGIENE PRACTICES e Wet concrete can burn skin e Wash hands and skin upon contact with concrete e Wet concrete can severely burn skin when exposed for Wash hands with a Ph neutral soap and water long periods of time e Wash clothing after working with concrete e Concrete contains strong chemical bases e Limit skin contact with concrete e Strong bases are strong acids which can severely burn Avoid contact with accelerator and retarder solutions and the eyes skin feet and legs flush skin and eyes if exposed Hydroscopic means water absorbing Drying concrete which will pull water from anything in contact including skin FIRST
49. results in a fatality if medical treatment is not obtained immediately HOW DO SEAT BELTS HELP PREVENT INJURY Seat belts perform a few functions to reduce injury impact twill help prevent the occupant from flying forward striking the steering wheel and window It also keeps the passenger in the car e Secondly the belt will spread the stopping force across a larger and more durable part of your body The shoulder and pelvis can withstand an impact much better than the head The seat belt is made out of a softer and more flexible material than most vehicle materials The dashboard and windshield are hard or glass It is just a quick click of the belt Wearing a seat belt correctly and driving smart can save your life Toot Box TALKS 67 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK EYE PROTECTION Eye injuries are one of the most devastating in that they have the potential to prevent the injured employee from returning to the same type of work if eyesight is impaired In spite of this employees often fail to use eye protection using excuses such as The glasses are uncomfortable Wu forgot them at home in truck They are in my toolbox across the shop jobsite and the ever popular I ll only be a minute Flying particles can injure an unprotected eye in an instant therefore prevention must include a thorough explanation by management on how eye protectio
50. rete Long pants keeps concrete from skin Long sleeve shirt keeps arms and shoulders protected from sunburn and effects of concrete Keep extra changes of clothes when others become saturated contaminated Use non conductive float handles Stay clear of wet concrete unless you are specifically told to work with it Protect others from injury impalement by capping rebar including form rods Protect your back Cement is very heavy Get help with heavy loads such as buckets tools wheelbar rows and mixer chutes Use correct tools rakes shovels comealongs to push and move concrete Place concrete as close as possible to reduce the need to push and move it TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Cutoff saws can also be referred to as quickie saws Cutoff saws are used for a variety of reasons in the construction trade namely cutting steel rebar or concrete Cutoff saws use a round cutting wheel blade that can be metal for concrete and that travel at extremely high speeds The blade of the saw is an extremely dangerous object due to its rotating speed and unguarded cutting surface Cutoff saws can be powered electrically with gas engines or hydraulically or with compressed air Below are safety tips for cutoff saw users WorkSAFE TIPS TRAINING REQUIRED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Always train cutoff saw operators Eye protection due to flying wastes disc frag
51. s have a greater risk of being injured or killed in a traffic crash than people who live in the urban areas The fatality rates in rural areas are double the rate in urban areas These compelling facts should be reason enough to wear seat belts however all states laws require seat belt use in some form WHAT HAPPENS DURING A COLLISION The car goes through three stages of a collision When passen gers do not wear a seat belt the following incidents occur 1 First the car is hit crashes and usually comes to a stop The crushing or impact of the car absorbs some of the crash force The passenger compartment comes to a more gradual stop than the front of the car 2 Next the vehicle occupants hit the interior of the car in the second collision When the car is impacted the occupant is still traveling forward at the vehicle s pre impact speed When the vehicle comes to a stop the occupant will usually strike the inside of the car in the steering wheel windshield or other car interior area In some collisions the occupant will be propelled out of the car and ejected through the windshield 3 Finally after the interior collision with the vehicle the occupant s body is stopped but the internal organs are moving until stopped These organs will hit the internal body structure often causing internal tearing and bleeding This damage is not visible on the occupant s body after the colli sion Tearing of the heart and other organs often
52. sly Poor material handling may cause back problems or other injuries Recognize hazards and avoid them Tools and equipment can cause injuries if guards or protective e Report all incidents accidents injuries and illness to your devices are disengaged supervisor immediately Inspect tools before use to avoid injury Wear all assigned personal protective equipment Always use the protections that are provided on the job Guards on machines and tools keep body parts from contacting moving equipment Toot Box TALKS is management s responsibility to Lockout tagout procedures assure equipment is de energized Provide a safe healthy and injury free workplace before it is repaired e Provide appropriate and effective personal protective e Personal protective equipment shields your body from hazards equipment you may face on the job e Train employees in safe job procedures and hazard n case of emergency identification e Understand alarms and evacuation routes know and follow Everyone must be aware of potential hazards on the job emergency procedures Poor housekeeping results in slips trips and falls Clean up Know how to notify emergency response personnel Safety and health are a responsibility that must be shared equally and without exception by everyone within the organization A safe healthy and injury free workplace requires that all employees make their safe
53. ted in OSHA 1926 Sub Part L scaffold components have to meet the 4 to 1 safety factor too but only for that portion of the maximum intended load applied to them The maximum intended load for a component depends on the scaffold type and its configuration Note that scaffolds and components must be able to support four times the maximum intended load not the rated load The intended load includes workers equipment and supplies The intended load should never exceed the rated load unless the design is approved by an engineer and the manufacturer Scaffold poles legs posts frames and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills on firm foundations This photo is a great example of WHAT NOT TO DO for scaffold bases and sills The concrete blocks are stacked six high There are no base plates on some legs Scaffold legs are bearing on unstable objects There is improper inadequate bracing o o c O o mi O Q D Q c Q This support is good Base Plate Mud sills SCAFFOLD PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION The height of the scaffold should not be more than four times its minimum base dimension unless guy lines ties or braces are used Each end of a platform unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks must extend over its support by at least 6 inches Improper No cleats PLATFORM GAPS Platform units must be placed so that the spaces between the un
54. tructure are in place Bracing needs to be based on both dimensions and environmental conditions Provide adequate bracing so if there is a failure of one brace there isn t collapse FALLING OBJECTS Workers on scaffolds must wear hardhats and be protected by toeboards screens guard rail systems debris nets catch platforms or canopies when falling objects are a hazard Hardhats cannot be the only means of protecting workers from falling objects Persons working below If tools materials or equipment could fall from a scaffold and strike others the area be low the scaffold must be Barricaded or a toe board must be placed along the edge of the scaffold platform Paneling or screening must protect persons below when tools materials or equipment are piled higher than the top edge of the toe board 5 Keep materials and equipment except masonry and mortar at least four feet from the working edge GUIDELINES FOR USE Avoid using ladders with metallic components near electrical work and overhead power lines Clear scrap and material away from the base and top of ladder since getting on off the ladder is relatively hazardous Always face the ladder when climbing up or down and while working from it Always face the ladder and hold on with both hands when climbing up or down It works best if you maintain 3 points of contact The easiest way to do this is instead of grabbing the rungs slide your hands along the back of the
55. ty and the safety of their fellow employees the top priority With fewer injuries a business can be more productive and profitable which clearly benefits all those involved in the operation 85 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Slips trips and falls are a leading construction incident Slips trips and falls can produce minor injuries but have the capability to produce severe injury as well Slips and falls occur in all industries but construction sites offer many dynamic hazards such as muddy surfaces debris and machines Slips trips and falls are very easy to prevent Slips trips and fall hazards are easy to overlook though Review the following information with jobsite employees WorkSAFE TIPS EMPOWER EMPLOYEES TO MAKE WORK AREAS SAFE All employees on the jobsite are responsible for removing and preventing slip trip and fall hazards All employees on the jobsite are responsible for discarding waste regularly All employees are responsible for keeping walking and working surfaces clear of slip and trip hazards Employees are responsible for taking action against slip trip and fall hazards PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Wear quality protective footwear Wear footwear with grip patterns such as Channels for water amp liquid dispersal OOO O00 Leading edges in all directions Leading edges in all directions
56. unc tures burns chemical absorption or temperature extremes Earplugs or earmuffs should be worn in noisy workplaces Wear long sleeve shirts and properly fitting pants to worksites Make sure your clothing is not loose or bagay Layer up to stay warm Two lightweight wool shirts will keep you warmer than one heavy one REMEMBER TO WORKSAFE WEAR THE PROPER PPE AND KEEP IT IN GOOD WORKING ORDER AND IT WILL PROTECT YOU FROM JOB HAZARDS THAT CANNOT BE ELIMINATED Toot Box TALKS 77 TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles and gloves must be worn to protect against hazards that may be encountered while using power tools Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches They are extremely hazardous when used improperly The types of power tools are determined by their power source electric pneumatic liquid fuel hydraulic and powder actuated WorkSAFE TIPS To prevent hazards associated with the use of power tools e Follow the instructions in the user s manual for lubricating and employees should observe the following general precautions changing accessories Never carry a tool by the cord or hose e Keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating e Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the power tools receptacle e Wear proper apparel for the task Loose cloth
57. utting discs with the object being sawed e Inspect blades for cracks warping overheating or excessive e Leave guards on saws always wear BEFORE USE e Maintain guards in good condition Fuel gasoline powered saws only when the saw has cooled Adjust guards with the saw OFF e Use a funnel and safety gasoline can when fueling cutoff Adjust the guard before cutting Saws Use wet methods when cutting concrete Concrete dust Start saw properly on the ground never jerk start cutting exposes the operator to silica a potentially cancer cutoff saws causing dust NEVER set a saw down unless the blade has stopped Wear correct respiratory protection when wet cutting meth rotating ods are not possible silica is a hazard e Never hand off a saw with the blade rotating e Match saw RPM with blade RPM Never use blades with RPM limits LOWER than saw maximum RPM TOPIC FOLLOW UP ITEMS DISCUSSION ATTENDEES INSTRUCTOR DATE OF TALK WORKING AROUND REBAR Rebar hazards are present in nearly every construction project Rebar is used when concrete is poured from footings to sidewalks Rebar work also includes tools that make rebar more effective wire tie rebar chairs welded wire or mesh material Rebar work also involves tools such as electric and hydraulic rebar cutters Rebar presents hazards from falls onto exposed edges lacerations from sharp edges and trips WorkSAFE TIPS EEE EEF
58. uty Il 225 pounds Light duty III 200 pounds Before using a ladder check its rating And be sure not to subject it to a load greater than its rated capacity Rovcn TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS Per the Associated General Contractors 37 000 forklift accidents occur annually on job sites Safely operating forklifts on jobsites requires constant awareness and good techniques to prevent damage to the load the forklift and most importantly all workers To drive a forklift safely you must know How it works How to inspect it How to operate it That means getting proper training and following the manufacturer s recommendations All operators should be trained and certified on each type of forklift they operate The following best practices and tips are not a substitute for certified training Rouch TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS Three factors influence a forklift s ability to do its job Rated capacity Top weight the forklift can lift It is listed on identification plate load chart or operations manual NEVER exceed the manufacturer s recommendations Stability Is the forklift s ability to resist tipping forward or sideways Load Determine the load correctly and keep the center of balance within the stability triangle STABILITY TRIANGLE Vehicle Center of Gravily Unloaded Center of Gravity of Vehicle and Maximum Load Theoretical Notes 1 When the vehicle is loaded the comb
59. work together Keep off the top steps of portable ladders Keep ladders with conductive side rails away from exposed energized equipment Keep your center of gravity between the side rails Your belt buckle should never be outside the side rails To erect long awkward or heavy ladders get help to avoid overexertion Lanner SAFE PRACTICES Pay attention to manufactured lad ders warning markings and labels such as CAUTION and DAN GER which are usually in red or yellow Manufactured ladders often have safety labels which give informa tion on how to use the ladder safely Before you use a ladder check its rating to see if you have the right ladder for the job Be sure not to subject the ladder to a workload greater than its rated capacity Always read manvfacturer s labels and follow their recommendations Ladders must be inspected by a competent person for visual defects periodically and after any incident that could affect their safe use 1 if i 1 leg Li T 1 4 1 l 1 i f l i ar E LENGTH GUIDELINES FOR GENERAL USE There are many types of portable ladders but they all receive one of four ratings based on their maximum working load the maximum weight they can safely support Rating working load Extra heavy duty l A 300 pounds recommended Heavy duty 1 250 pounds Medium d
60. y for assistance NOTE Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated or what its exact voltage is the 10 foot rule should always be applied Example of scaffold being built dangerously close to power lines SCAFFOLD INSPECTION Scaffolds and components must be inspected by a competent person before each workday and after any incident that could weaken them Defective parts must be immediately repaired ef ef 2 IE Deformed bearer Damage to a welded frame scaffold leg excessive rust bent etc This cannot be repaired and should be destroyed Those who work from scaffolds Those who erect dismantle scaffolds CRITICAL SCAFFOLD ISSUES Falling objects Scaffold design criteria Fall protection Scaffold erecting disassembling moving Material handling on scaffolds and maintenance procedures Scaffold load capacities Scaffold erecting disassembling and moving hazards Scaffold load capacities WHAT THEY NEED TO KNOW How to use appropriate fall protection Hazards involved in erecting dismantling systems Erection dismantling planning procedures How to control scaffold hazards How to deal with electrical hazards How to use scaffold walkways platform How to inspect components components and access areas Appropriate design criteria Maximum intended and load carrying Maximum intended and load carrying capacities of scaffolds capacities of scaffo
61. ystems aves Safety Net Systems Many Personal Fall Arrest Systems PET weight of all Cover or guard floor holes as soon iN employees as they are created during new a equipment construction 2 times the intended load and materials F ich tee the sit that may be or existing structures survey the site slaced crake before working and continually audit e vaghi NM cover at any as work continues Guard or cover PS PEPE STERE time any openings or holes immediately Construct all floor hole covers so they will effectively support two times the weight of employees equipment and materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time In general it is better to use fall prevention systems such as safety nets or fall arrest devices because they provide more positive safety means DID YOU KNOW FALLS FROM ELEVATION ACCOUNT FOR ONE THIRD OF ALL DEATHS IN CONSTRUCTION IMPROPERLY COVERED IF NO WITH A GUARDRAIL e Housekeeping occurs constantly on the job not just once a week or at the end of the project e Everyone does housekeeping not just laborers e Keep storage areas free from accumulated materials that cause tripping fires or explosions or that may contribute to harboring rats and pets e Keep debris cleared from work surfaces passages and stairs e Route air hoses extension cords welding leads and power cords out of travel paths e Sufficient waste or trash containers should be provide

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