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1. Recently Added Now Playin B ha 2 Album J Songs Albums Genre Tracks 5 Year Playlists Ly Rating TARCLIDrary w Music Danielle Davis Danielle Davis YI I m Sorry A Outta My Droma a es Figure 2 Standard widgets a tree b list c twist d grid 4 2 2 Plane and Pseudo 3D Controls Icon or image arrays are best suited for top level selections or to situations where individual items are different from each other and can thus be indicated by different graphics Top level choices can also be presented by special list style controls where viewport stays at a fixed position at the center of the screen and the world behind the viewport is scrolled Sony PSP and some parts of Windows MCE use the entire screen space for navigation Available categories and options below each category are gathered into a 2D grid Once again the viewport stays at a fixed location and the grid below the viewport is scrolled in xy plane Only currently active column and row are visible forming a cross of categories and currently available options these may even be translucent Navigation is done using arrow keys and animation is provided for additional screen candy 6 13 mrs aera 5 AE MS ra ma Figure 3 Plane widgets a image array b fixed viewport c cross Finally iTunes and FrontRow contain pseudo 3D user interfaces for top level and cover art based browsing In FrontRow the top level selection of media type Mus2. 504 604 v2 1 pdf Creative 2006 Zen Vision W User s Guide Available http files2 europe creative com manualdn Manuals TSD 9868 0xE0421B45 Zen 20Vision 20W 20Us ers 20Guide 20English chm Fujitsu Siemens 2006 Activity Media Player 150 User Manual Available http www fujitsu siemens fi support manuals html Medion 2005 MDC 4400 PVR K ytt ohje in finnish Available http www schneider fin fi www proatt php id 135 Microsoft 2006 Zune How To online http www zune net en us support howto play default htm Microsoft 2006 Windows Media Player 11 online http www microsoft com windows windowsmedia player 11 default aspx Microsoft 2006 Windows Vista Media Center online http www microsoft com windowsvista features forhome mediacenter mspx Nokia 2006 N80 User Guide Available http nds1 nokia com phones files quides Nokia_ N80 1 UG en pdf SanDisk 2006 Sansa e200 User Guide Available from http www sandisk com Assets File pdf quides 25992 sandisk E200 ENGLISH 5BEN 5D pdf Sony Ericsson 2006 W850i User Guide Add on Version Rla Available http www sonyericsson com downloads W850i_ UG AddOn Ria EN 12 pdf Sony 2005 PlayStation Portable Instruction Manual PSP 1001 K Available http lib store yahoo net lib starbattery psp pdf 13 13
3. default To support external content browsing class hierarchy might look like the one in table 3 When referencing content items should be prefixed with Media Source id This must be done because for example UPnP id uniqueness is guaranteed only within single server class description MediaSource abstract Device abstract hides middleware parlance UPnPServer UPnP AV ContentDirectoryService compatible device application MobilePhone __ e g simple HTML lt ul gt lt li gt tagging content server Application e g iTunes or DVD librarian WebService e g Flickr YouTube Live365 Table 3 Aggregated Content Model Using above augmentations for cross media type and multiple server browsing for example following queries are possible in SQL select title from MediaItem where author artistName without additions Medialtem would not be directly queryable and one would need to address one of its subclasses instead select href from Library where MediaSource class WebService and title contains iPod this is a pseudo query which translates into WSDL or REST requests for all supported online content servers 11 13 8 Conclusions Because underlying data set is more or less equal in all digital media players it was possible to derive a common conceptual model that covers individual player functionality almost entirely Views and widgets were also found to be basically similar How
4. that is likely to be added into one s personal multimedia library It would be beneficial if external offline and online content could be browsed in parallel and in the same manner as local content This is to some extent already possible in PC based media centers and portable media device content management applications as online stores and 9 13 subscription services are part of the companies business models e g iTunes Store Zune Marketplace MCE online spotlight There are also some third party plugins available for PC media centers that allow photo or video browsing and streaming from online communities They are not entirely consistent with the user interfaces used in local content browsing however The following two solutions integrate external and local content more seamlessly 6 1 TVedia TVedia is described as networked media center PC software 8 Dimensions 2006 which is able to access local content from shared network directories multiple UPnP content directories and protected material in both Windows Media DRM and iTunes FairPlay formats It is also capable of browsing online content sources such as Flickr YouTube Google Videos Live365 and Last fm and fetch metadata from Amazon and AMG All browsing is done using centralized UI front end open source XML and JavaScript which has been designed to scale for both 10 feet and windowed desktop resolutions Local content is served as an aggregate UPnP content directory
5. which can be browsed and searched so the internal data structure is built on top of DIDL Lite concepts Figure 7 TVedia UI 6 2 Philips LifeStyle Home Menu LifeStyle Home is Philips research project that visions a concept for connected living Philips 2006 The centerpiece of user experience in their concept is network enabled TV which displays personalizable home menu allowing access to local online and broadcast content and management of peripheral devices such as lighting or digital media frames TV screen is divided into horizontal strips one for each category e g live TV music videos photos movies online services devices Each strip or category is divided into frames where the center one contains now Playing thumbnail and pressing left or right in remote control scrolls previous or next item into the center Pressing remote s up and down buttons allows navigation between categories the active one is expanded vertically User is able to personalize which categories are visible their vertical order create new ones and fill them with local or online content and services The latter are CE HTML compatible web services which are initially accessible from catalog strip comprising individual services grouped into genres as frames Examples of genres are web radio VoD eBooks News and Entertainment 10 13 T gt ny 0 t Bane She m Figure 8 Philips LifeStyle Home Menu The syste
6. 0 000 photos 25 000 songs or 125 hours of video for 100 GB it is clear that browsing and searching through such a collection requires sophisticated usable and attractive user interfaces to achieve efficient and entertaining user experience The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of personal multimedia collection browser UIs available in present end user media playback appliances and applications Search and personalization issues have been scoped out First players are classified into six categories and devices chosen for pattern observation are listed A common unifying conceptual model for UIs is presented and its relation to metadata standards is then briefly discussed Views to the conceptual model are normalized and navigation between them is examined in chapter 4 Common properties of widgets and important differences are described as well Chapter 5 points out some problem areas in present digital media player UIs and shows two alternative approaches to content browsing 1 13 Besides directly accessible audio video and image items local library often contains objects that are stored on other physical media like DVDs CDs and VHS tapes and there are dedicated librarian applications to handle this material Online and broadcast content should be accessible ditto Chapter 6 speculates whether this external content can somehow be integrated into the UIs overviewed earlier Chapter 7 proposes an aggregated multimedia content brows
7. Content Browsing in Digital Media Players Jari Kleimola HUT Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory jari kleimola tml hut fi Abstract Contemporary personal content libraries can hold tens or even hundreds of thousands media items It is increasingly difficult to locate individual items from a collection of this magnitude resulting a great demand for usable and attractive content browsing user interfaces This paper evaluates 14 consumer oriented media player appliances and applications in order to find common patterns behind their conceptual models views and UI widgets The evaluation method is informal using hands on testing user manuals and video review material Unifying conceptual model is then extended with external content aggregation It was found that the players have generally identical models views and widgets but the look and feel layer allows product differentiation It might also be beneficial to support non deterministic and content analysis based methods to augment the basic hierarchical and metadata based browsing model 1 Introduction An average gigabyte of storage space can hold 500 photos 250 songs or 1 25 hours of video or any combination thereof As the price of storage continues to drop rapidly and less physical space is required per gigabyte 100 GB hard disks on portable devices are soon commonplace and network disks with terabyte capacity have been available for some time already Equalling 5
8. Sansa some restricted nesting level to one Sony PSP The most portable playlist format was m3u Playlists can be divided into user defined and automatic lists including play statistics date and randomly generated lists The lowest level conceptual entity is tem which can either be a Medialtem such as video audio or image object or a supporting Metadataltem like artist or album Medialtems are usually atomic entities which can be indexed with location bound markers such as chapters but may in some cases be nested in a hierarchical manner For example a classical composition may consist of several movements This was not utilized by any player under investigation although the latest version of iPod is able to play succeeding tracks without gaps in between should that be desired Common conceptual model was derived from DIDL Lite UPnP 2006 which combines elements from UPnP content directory service MPEG 21 DIDL and Dublin Core Library Container and their subclasses are derived from object container Item and Medialtem are descendants of object item and Metadataltems are derived from object container person and genre classes Only three elements do not exact equivalents in DIDL Lite and these are Video Clip Subtitle which is a time bound collection of texts and Cue Point representing time bound marker such as chapter section or repeat point 4 Views and Widgets 4 1 Views The primary filtering criteria of the Library seem
9. aff aist qo jp m qoto ISMIR2005 Lee H and Smeaton A F 2002 Designing the User Interface for the Fischlar Digital Video Library Journal of Digital Information Vol 2 No 4 2002 Available http journals tdl org jodi article view jodi 53 57 Philips 2006 Lifestyle Home Available http www design philips com assets Downloadablefile LifestyleHome_brochure 14047 pdf Rodden K and Wood K R 2003 How do people manage their digital photographs Proc of ACM SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems April 5 10 2003 Ft Lauderdale USA Available web mit edu bentley www mobile papers rodden2003 pdf UPnP Forum 2006 UPnP AV Content Directory Service Template version 2 0 Available http www upnp org specs av UPnP av ContentDirectory v2 Service 20060531 pdf van Gulik R and Vignoli F 2005 Visual Playlist Generation on the Artist Map Proc of ISMIR 2005 September 11 15 2005 London UK Available http ismir2005 ismir net proceedings 2011 pdf 12 13 User Manuals referenced January 4 2007 Apple 2006 FrontRow online http www apple com imac frontrow html Apple 2006 iTunes 7 online http www apple com itunes overview Apple 2006 iPod Features Guide Available http manuals info apple com en iPod Late 2006 Features Guide pdf Archos 2006 Archos 604 User Manual Version 2 1 Available http www archos com support download manuals endlish_ user manual archos
10. an all be made using just a single control Their downside is that if they are used in hierarchy browsing there is no indication of current level This was handled in some cases by setting the caption of the control to current navigation path SE W850i uses symbolic icons for indication List can also be horizontal Zune has a clever option that reduces number of clicks when navigating between different sibling views of single parent At the top of the display there is a horizontal strip twist and beneath that a vertical list of choices When user selects an item from the list list contents are transposed into horizontal list that is displayed in twist current selection is highlighted and items belonging to the selected are shown in the vertical list Right and left arrow keys are used to navigate the twist i e to change parent level and up and down keys to navigate the list i e to make a choice and possibly a transition into a new twist list pair Grid control is a multicolumn list widget It is best suited for displaying items rows that have similar attributes columns Choice of attributes can be personalized The downside is that the control requires large amounts of display space and for this reason they were only used by players that had external displays Y Ge My Playlists gt 80 s CR albums A One Hit Wonders Longest Time z H Top Ten My Music j Playlists ooo Ja ti dd Library Online Store gt
11. back for that playlist Finally Musicream records each action made by the user and allows backwards browsing in time to recall scenes from the past There are two sliders that allow coarse date and fine time scale browsing By clicking a specific media item usage based search and similarity based search is triggered simultaneously from the pool of previous activities Usage matched scenes are presented as thumbnail screenshots at the left side of the UI while similarity based search results a row of screenshots that are displayed horizontally at the bottom of the UI 6 External Content Previous chapters have concentrated on local content that either resides in player s internal storage or is accessible via LAN using PC file sharing or UPnP media server functionality However personal multimedia content is not always in a format that can be consumed by the media player engine External DVDs CDs and VHS tapes can be managed using dedicated librarian applications that are able to fetch metadata information from online databases and provide advanced cataloguing browsing and searching services through proprietary user interface Personal content is also increasingly being published in internet shares such as Flickr and YouTube and membership in online communities is bound to widen the scope of personal content Furthermore online stores VoD Podcasts live internet radio and television streams P2P distribution and DVB companies offer content
12. can be selected either at the top level or below media type e g Music Playlists effectively disabling cross media type lists Now Playing screen is dependent on media type For music tracks usually track number title album artist and duration are displayed Current position with progress slider is common as well and album art is displayed if it is available Music tracks may show also visualization effects For videos and pictures now playing is usually shown as OSD textual information 4 1 1 Navigation Between Views Switching to another primary filtering criteria was possible only via top level view and in most cases user has to navigate from result view to the top and then downwards again This takes at least four navigation steps in most portable players and might take even as much as eight Secondary filtering criteria switching takes half of that although Zune provides a usable horizontal navigation shortcut called twist cf 4 2 1 4 2 Widgets The choice of widgets is influenced by available input mechanisms and by the amount of screen estate Despite visual differences the underlying principles of interaction were in general the same in all players and the widgets could be divided into standard controls tree list grid and into planar and pseudo 3D controls Popup menus buttons layout controls were naturally used as well but they were not analyzed 4 2 1 Standard Controls Tree widgets are capable of expanding a
13. ever no two players look and feel alike user interface is one of the discriminating factors for manufacturers and it was noted that some players offer smoother browsing experience than their rivals do Some problems were found in browser implementations relating to cross media type cross media server and external content addressing Simple additions to the base conceptual model can offer this functionality As personal multimedia content libraries continue to grow in size novel ways of browsing and choosing content should be utilized In addition to hierarchical metadata based browsing it may be beneficial to use methods that provide non deterministic recommendations and choices based on similarity style mood and tempo To provide this flexibility efficient back end data mining algorithms and databases are needed References 8 Dimensions 2006 TVedia Homepage online http www 8dim com Cunningham S J Jones S Jones M 2004 Organizing digital music for use an examination of personal music collections Proc of ISMIR 2004 October 10 14 2004 Barcelona Spain Available http Ismir2004 ismir net proceedings p082 page 447 paper221 pdf Goto M and Goto T 2005 Musicream New Music Playback Interface for Streaming Sticking Sorting and Recalling Musical Proc of ISMIR 2005 September 11 15 2005 London UK Available http ismir2005 ismir net proceedings 1058 pdf Video demonstrations available at http st
14. he dynamics is to view presentation videos available from referenced site 8 13 Figure 6 Musicream UI The right side of the UI contains three taps which drop continuous probabilistic stream of media items in three different moods The user can actively select items from these recommendations view their metadata and listen to them When he finds an interesting item he can pick it up and drag it around to make a contact with other discs falling from the taps If the similarity between discs is high they affect each other like magnets while those having less similarity have to make contact many times The discs that have made a contact stick together like pearls in a string and the collected playlist can be dragged as a whole to an empty position at the left side of the screen The user is then able to rearrange remove and start playback from any position in the list Multiple playlists can be arranged into the left space this way and a series of playlists can then be played back in top to bottom order Horizontal playback bar can be dropped from the top of the screen to start the playback After playback bar reaches the vertical center position of a disc string playback is started from the first disc and then continued through the playlist in horizontal direction When last disc in a row has been played the bar continues towards the bottom part of the screen stopping whenever encountering an active playlist and starting the play
15. ic Videos Photos DVD resembles a rotating carousel seen from a lifted position from horizontal level iTunes 7 contains a cover flow view that shows a stack of CD covers arranged by artist or by album in tilted perspective with the currently selected one in the middle Covers can be browsed using a scrollbar showing an attractive animation effect aS gg v Vi Or MA Black Lyed F Sipha e Figure 4 Pseudo 3D UIs a carousel b cover flow 5 Problem Areas and Some Alternative Browsing Solutions Some problems were noticed during analysis Because top level choice usually Music Videos Photos has to be made before any other filtering action there is no option to browse the entire collection For example it is impossible to list all media items of specific artist iTunes groups music tracks and music videos under top level Music category if metadata for the video clip has been set up properly but in general cross browsing has to be made using text search functionality Chapter 7 proposes a browsing model that allows any second level filter collection to be used as the primary sorting criteria Another problem is that connected devices and applications in categories D F do not facilitate browsing across multiple media servers FS Activy 150 can address only one UPnP server at a time and one has to navigate through setup screens to acivate another server While source based filtering might be desirable it shou
16. ing model Finally chapter 8 draws some conclusions A wealth of research effort has been put into usability testing ethnographic studies and prototype implementations of multimedia information retrieval systems For example Rodden and Wood 2003 conducted a user study of a digital photograph collection management tool which employed the basic folder timeline and thumbnail based browsing In addition items could be tagged with audio annotations that were later retrievable using text based queries and by content analysis that provided similarity based browsing Surprisingly the advanced browsing methods were not commonly used but browsing was rather based on specific events which were modelled by timeline and folder structures Cunningham et al 2004 studied organization and access aspects of personal music collections in order to provide guidelines for system designers They argued that a rich set of browsing categories is required and that the user should be able to easily extend this vocabulary to gain more personalized browsing and sorting functionality They also stressed that the screen size should be considered as an important design factor for portable devices Lee and Smeaton 2002 describe a web based video content browser for recorded TV programs and provide an interesting state of the art survey of digital video library applications However despite of large amounts of reference material available there are no compound survey
17. ing to multiple categories because of technological convergence Table 2 lists the chosen devices 2 13 device cat GB_ display input SE W850i A 1 240x320 2 keys Nokia N80 A 2 352x416 2 1 keys Sony PSP B 2 480x272 4 3 keys thumbstick SanDisk Sansa e200 B 8 220x176 1 8 wheel keys Microsoft Zune C 30 320x240 3 keys Archos 604 C 30 480x272 4 3 stylus keys Creative Zen Vision W C 30 _ 640x480 3 7 keys Apple iPod video 80 320x240 2 5 wheel keys Medion MDC 4400 D 160 ext IR remote FS Activy Media Player 150 D ext_ ext IR remote Apple iTunes 7 E ext ext mouse keys Windows Media Player 11 E ext ext mouse keys Windows MCE F ext ext IR remote mouse keys Apple Front Row E ext ext IR remote mouse keys Table 2 Devices chosen for examination The third column shows internal storage capacity or ext if there is none 3 Conceptual Model A three level deep generalized model comprising Library Container and Item was found to be sufficient to describe the seemingly different internal structure of the players The model is shown in figure 1 E Audiobook Medialtem Figure 1 Conceptual model Playlist TV Show Metadatalkkem 3 13 Music Album Photo Album Person Genre Cue Point Photo Screenshot Cover Art Artist Actor Text Document Book Subtitle The topmost conce
18. ld be included as a top level filtering criteria and ANDed with media type selection This is also addressed by the proposed model of 7 and has already been implemented in TVedia cf chapter 6 1 Among other integration features TVedia allows also iTunes FairPlay and Windows Media DRM protected content to be accessed using a single player interface which is impossible in all players under investigation 7 13 Furthermore all browsing was based on metadata or on user defined folder structure This might be sufficient in most cases as metadata creation can be automated and seems to be remarkably well supported in content manager applications and software based players Advanced content analysis algorithms can provide additional information that is not supported by metadata and this option was totally ignored in most players SE W850i utilizes a web service that can identify a piece of music from a short sampled fragment of a song and provide accurate metadata that can then be used in purchasing or subscription transactions One example of combined content and metadata based browsing interface is illustrated by Artist Map which is briefly described in chapter 5 1 below Finally automatic smart playlist creation was supported by many players and is taken to the extreme by iPod Shuffle which works on the assumption that user often wants to listen to something rather than to browse his way to a specific item Probabilistic or statistic playlis
19. m contains also a dedicated full screen music browser UI cf figure 8 which allows access to local and online music albums tracks or videos This pseudo 3D UI is visualized as a large wheel of album covers which can be rotated horizontally using different speeds Music can be sorted at least by title and genre When desired item is found it is expanded and playback starts automatically If selected item is an album its tracks can be browsed with up down gestures There is another larger wheel of items available for online store browsing and when an item is purchased it is automatically transferred into the local library making it available in the smaller wheel as well Navigation input device is a transparent tactile gesture driven 2D touchpad 7 Aggregated Content Browsing Model As discussed earlier current players do not facilitate cross browsing over entire media collection This can be easily overcome by adding All Media Types option to the top level choices beside Music Videos Photos and so on This allows direct second level filtering and queries such as all works by a specific artist Other problem with present players is that they do not allow browsing across multiple media servers and if they do there is no way of browsing contents of a specific server This can be solved by ANDing a Media Source filter to the primary criteria and as above it has the option All Servers to bypass which is also the
20. nd collapsing parent nodes in order to show or hide child nodes that lie beneath them Child nodes are intended to the right to indicate their position in the hierarchy Each tree item consists usually of an expansion handle an icon and a text label Lines may be drawn so that the tree structure is more clearly visible Tree widgets were employed only by desktop media players and Archos because the most convenient input device in this case is the mouse or stylus albeit they do have keyboard interface as well They also require a fair amount of screen space List widget groups items into a scrollable vertical one column array allowing user to select one or multiple choices Activation is a two step process item is first highlighted by single click tap or cursor key press and then clicked or tapped again constituting a double click to select it Keyboard interface binds either right arrow key or enter ok key for select action For output item may consist of an icon thumbnail and one or two lines of text Some small screen devices provided ticker like automatic scrolling to reveal hidden parts of the text label Two column items were used to indicate name and value pairs 5 13 List widgets were the most common controls in devices that were investigated This is because they adapt well to keyboard input mechanism require only relatively small screen space have fixed visible size and because navigation choice selection and invocation actions c
21. ptual item is Library which comprises entire local personal content Portable devices are capable of holding only a subset of the Library in their internal storage at one time and for this reason they ship with a content manager application running in a PC for synchronization tasks For iPods this application is iTunes for Microsoft s Plays For Sure devices it is usually WMP although most manufacturers offer also a branded custom application for the purpose In Creative Zen s content manager Library is chunked into sublibraries the maximum size of one sublibrary equals the capacity of one Zen allowing one of them to be activated and transferred into the device This is a brilliant idea provided that sublibraries can be cross browsed in PC FS Activy can address UPnP servers one at a time but this can be considered as a shortcoming because server contents are totally independent of each other Furthermore FS Activy relies on server to provide the content hierarchy The second highest conceptual entity in hierarchy terms is Container which groups objects according to some semantical reasoning Container is either a flat ordered list of items like playlist or favourite channel list or a hierarchical structure allowing nesting like user defined tree of folders There was a variation amongst players in the number of nested levels Some smaller capacity devices allowed hierarchical nesting for some media types but grouped other types flat
22. s investigating commercial media player content browser UIs that I am aware of 2 Player Classification Media players were classified into six groups according to their portability packaging and storage capabilities cf table 1 Devices having storage capacity less than 10 GB were generally Flash based while those with larger capacity used either embedded or external hard disks for content storage The difference between portable media players and centers is that the media centers are more inclined to video viewing and the difference between desktop media players and PC based media centers is that the former is usually run as a windowed desktop application rather than in full screen mode Additionally the latter has often support for TV broadcasts category capacity GB portability packaging A Mobile phones lt 4 portable standalone B Portable media players 1 8 portable standalone C Portable media centers 10 80 portable standalone D CE devices 40 160 static standalone E Desktop media players 100 1000 static software F PC based media centers 100 1000 static software Table 1 Media player classification From each category more than one device was selected for closer examination which included reading product user manuals and reviews viewing usage scenario walkthroughs and product marketing videos and hands on testing whenever possible Some devices might be considered as belong
23. s to be media types i e Music Videos and Pictures Some players include also top level choices of Recorded TV Shows Radio Podcasts and Audiobooks The primary filtering criteria is mandatory but succeeding criteria may be bypassed by selecting All Items The secondary filtering seems to be done according to Genre or by Keyword if browsing Pictures The third filtering option depends on the primary criteria except that Ratings is available for all media types For Music items can be grouped by Artists Albums Year Albums or by Albums directly additionally by Composers or by Contributing Artists Videos can be arranged by Actors Movies or Artists Albums in case of music video clips Pictures can be 4 13 viewed by Album or Date TV Show items are actually Episodes which can be grouped by Actors Shows Season or Shows Season Radio items are live web streams that can be arranged by Stations or channels Player might provide also folder and device based views which are located at filtering secondary level The result view of filtering actions shows the playable media items and their most important attributes number title duration filtering criteria attributes description statistical info Item list may be sorted according to any attribute and in some cases user can personalize what attributes to include in view The result group is treated like a playlist and might be storable for later retrieval In general Playlists
24. t creation can provide unexpected and fresh ways to experience content but as the sizes of libraries continue to grow and online subscription services and communities make available selection still wider entirely new ways of browsing might be considered Musicream described in chapter 5 2 takes such a novel approach 5 1 Artist Map Artist Map visualizes music collection in form of 2D map organized into clusters based on similarity van Gulik et al 2005 Mood genre year and tempo can be used as categorizing criteria where latter is taken from content analysis Two of these categories e g year and tempo can then be chosen to define x and y axels or one of them can be used to define a circle across the visible plane e g genre Predefined anchor points provide the scale and behave like magnets to populate the space with individual items from media collection visualized as colored spheres cf figure 5 Artist names are overlaid atop of the visualization Stylus is used as an interaction device and user is able to zoom and pan to see different portions of the collection Figure 5 Artist Map The path in right represents a playlist 5 2 Musicream Musicream allows probabilistic source material selection similarity based meta playlist creation and management and browsing and replay of past music listening sessions Goto 2005 Figure 6 shows screenshots of the main functionality of the UI although a better way to understand t
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