Mastering Xcode 4: Develop and Design
Contents
1. garbage collection static analyzer and 240 347 GCC poison pragma directive poison 315 GDB debugger 250 254 257 generated output viewing 258 259 INDEX 377 378 Git branches 369 370 pushing changes and 367 repositories adding 360 repositories creating 358 359 vs SVN 356 360 361 Grand Central Dispatch 109 244 245 graph mode Data Model Editor 116 H hardware controls build systems 192 headers configuring when creating frameworks 212 215 frameworks adding code to and 202 selecting correct 207 umbrella headers 207 210 211 WebKit h header 202 Hello World action adding 55 56 help 37 43 community Web sites for 42 debugger console 257 Help menu 38 Organizer Documentation tab 39 40 Source Editor 41 user manual 38 in Utility area 41 Xcode help 38 Help Book 6 93 Help Indexer 6 hiding schemes 226 Hits Must option Search navigator 91 IBAction performSomeAction id sender 48 IBAction performSomeOther Action id sender 48 icns format 6 127 INDEX Icon Composer 6 129 130 icons See also application icons customizing creating 129 130 document icons setting 133 icon file formats 127 images of icons 129 130 PNG and TIFF 128 importing schemes 180 In Call Status Bar iOS devices 267 Include Unit Tests option 13 208 Includes and Included By behaviors Assistant 87 indexes project 219 Info tab targets 162 165 Test action editor2. Mastering Xcode 4 DEVELOP AND DESIGN Joshua Nozzi Mastering Xcode 4 DEVELOP AND DESIGN Joshua Nozzi Peachpit Mastering Xcode 4 Develop and Design Joshua Nozzi Peachpit Press 1249 Eighth Street Berkeley CA 94710 510 524 2178 510 524 2221 fax Find us on the Web at www peachpit com To report errors please send a note to errata peachpit com Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education Copyright 2012 by Joshua Nozzi Editor Cliff Colby Production editor Myrna Vladic Development editor Kim Wimpsett and Robyn G Thomas Copyeditor Scout Festa Technical Editor Duncan Campbell Cover design Aren Howell Straiger Interior design Mimi Heft Compositor David Van Ness Indexer Ann Rogers Notice of Rights All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means elec tronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the pub lisher For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts contact permissions peachpit com Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an As Is basis without warranty While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions
3. 38 Documentation mode for Help 39 40 reporting Apple documentation errors 42 searching for text 41 document based applications 13 downloading Xcode 4 4 drag and drop for adding files to projects 72 73 adding frameworks to projects with 204 projects into workspaces and 222 223 script files 304 snippets 85 dSYM files archiving and 136 DTrace 5 326 dylib extension for libraries 196 dynamic libraries 196 E Edit All in Scope command 146 149 editing breakpoints 24 snippets 86 editing schemes 181 190 Analyze action 189 Archive action 189 Build action 183 184 Pre and Post actions scripts 190 Profile action 188 Run action 184 186 scheme controls 182 Test action 186 187 Editor area basics 20 27 29 Interface Builder 51 52 editors in Editor area 27 split pane editors See Assistant embedding frameworks 206 Encapsulate refactoring and 148 entities adding 117 Core Data and 114 entity subclasses creating 124 entitlements build systems 191 193 environment variables scripting and 301 305 306 errors navigable 283 events common device events 10S Simulator 266 267 multi touch events iOS Simulator 263 execution pointer debugging and 109 Explore mode Organizer 40 exporting schemes 180 snapshots 354 expressions testing 280 Extended Detail view Instruments 336 Extract option refactoring and 147 148 F File Template library
4. Lock button current memory view and 248 Log mode Version Editor 372 Log navigator basics 25 debugging and 101 output from scripts showing in 302 test results log 281 282 logic errors static analyzer and 241 logs output from scripts showing in 302 low memory warnings iOS devices 266 leaks and 342 M Mac OS X 10 7 Lion Autolayout 63 64 document versions API 185 186 low memory and 342 upgrading to 64 macros defining 150 313 314 preprocessor and 316 321 uses for 313 314 Manage Schemes sheet 181 managed object contexts 114 managed object model MOM Core Data and 113 in Data Model Editor 115 in model graph mode 116 managing folders in SVN 363 schemes build systems 179 181 snapshots 354 source code See source code management Manual mode Assistant 30 manually generated output viewing 258 Match Case option Search navigator 92 memory debugging and 246 249 examining contents 246 249 finding leaks and 342 low memory warnings 266 342 memory addresses zombies and 345 347 memory leaks static analyzer and 236 memory over releases static analyzer and 237 240 viewing 248 249 merging changes SCM 368 369 methods testing 272 274 280 as units 272 model layer managing 112 INDEX 379 modernization of projects 15 16 Modernize Loop option refactoring and 148 MOM managed object model Core Data and 113 in Data Model Editor 115 in model graph mode 11
5. creating 358 359 manually adding 359 361 restoring from snapshots 355 reverting to earlier versions SCM 373 revision control See source code management rotation iOS Simulator 264 266 rules build systems 157 Run action schemes 184 186 187 Run Archive Script build phase 308 Run button 17 run destinations build systems 157 run logs 25 Run Script build phases custom scripts 300 303 306 312 targets 172 Runtime Classes behavior Assistant 125 runtime debugging 102 109 basics 102 console 104 105 Debug navigator 109 Debugger Bar 103 104 Source Editor and 108 109 using breakpoints 106 107 runtime vs build time 322 S s command console 256 sandboxing 191 193 Save As sheet 75 221 saving icons 130 workspaces 221 scalars testing 279 Scheme Editor See also editing schemes Scheme Editor sheet 181 182 319 tests in 274 291 unit testing and 290 INDEX 381 schemes See also editing schemes basics 156 debugger attachment and 102 managing when building macros 319 in workspaces 219 226 227 schemes build systems 178 189 basics 178 finding projects schemes 178 managing 179 181 scheme manager sheet 179 Scheme selector control 178 SCM systems 356 373 branches creating and switching 369 370 committing 366 367 comparing and browsing history 370 372 folders managing in SVN 363 local changes reverting and discarding 373 pulling and merging changes
6. Guide 49 Cocoa Touch Unit Testing Bundle option 295 296 code See also source code adding system framework example 202 203 adding third party framework example 207 adding when creating frameworks 210 211 code completion 256 code profiling tool See Instruments code folding ribbon 82 units defined 272 writing with Source Editor See Source Editor writing code with Code Signing and Application Sandboxing Guide 191 Code Snippet library 85 86 colors of issues 100 com apple main thread dispatch queue 244 command sets managing 152 Command Q for quitting iOS applications 262 commands categories of debugger help 257 console execution control commands 256 committing changes to repositories SCM 366 367 commits Git vs SVN 356 community Web sites for help 42 Company Identifier field 12 company name changing 153 compartmentalization nibs 49 Compile Sources phase targets 170 compile time compile time debugging 100 101 vs runtime 322 conditionals preprocessor and 315 316 CONFIGURATION variable 310 311 configurations Build Configuration pop up 184 build systems 157 Configurations group targets 160 per configuration settings targets 166 configuring snapshots 352 353 console See debugger console constraints Autolayout 64 67 68 69 layout 63 containers for schemes changing 227 continue to here debugging and 108 controllers controller objects nibs 48 creating for
7. contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it Trademarks Xcode is a trademark of Apple Inc registered in the United States and other countries Many of the designa tions used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book and Peachpit Press was aware of a trademark claim the designa tions appear as requested by the owner of the trademark All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark No such use or the use of any trade name is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book ISBN 13 978 0 321 76752 3 ISBN 10 0 321 76752 7 987654321 Printed and bound in the United States of America Thanks to all my peers friends and family for their enthusiastic support to a great team of professionals for helping me reach this goal and to Matt for putting up with yet another of my time consuming projects ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IV MASTERING XCODE 4 I wish to thank the following people whose work I used while writing this book CYRIL GODEFROY Cyril s masterfully broken code examples demonstrated some nice highlights of the Clang Static Analyzer You can find them at http xcodebook com cgodefroy COLIN WHEELER Colin s Xcode shortcut chea
8. messing up his black turtleneck Whatever the case I may say things that no longer apply to some future ver sion or mention menus that no longer exist as such Sorry Blame Apple Then buy my next edition WHAT YOU WILL LEARN This book is divided into three major parts and includes four appendixes on the book s companion Web site Part I The Basics Getting Started with Xcode 4 In very short order you ll install Xcode and get down to business building a useless application Nobody but perhaps your mother would buy it but it very neatly dem onstrates the Xcode 4 project workflow and how to find your way around a project Part II Working with Cocoa Applications Next you ll learn how to build and edit user interfaces add resources and customize the application You ll explore all major aspects of the Xcode user interface and its primary editors You ll learn to refactor code to use the debugger and the Core Data modeler and to archive builds for deployment independently or via the App Store Part III Going Beyond the Basics Then you ll dive a little deeper and explore Xcode s build system including the new schemes system You ll learn how to create and use libraries and frameworks and how to combine multiple projects into a single workspace You ll create and run unit tests and use custom scripts with the build process Finally you ll take a solid tour of Instruments Apple s profiling tool and expe rience its un
9. printing 251 254 program execution controlling 256 debugging and analysis 99 109 233 269 for apps for iOS devices See iOS devices debugging apps for 10S Simulator Beta release scheme and 321 compile time debugging 100 101 Debug navigator 242 243 debugger console See debugger console generated output viewing 258 259 logic errors static analyzer 241 memory and 246 249 memory leaks static analyzer 236 memory over releases static analyzer 237 240 runtime debugging See runtime debugging scripts 305 threads and stacks 242 245 using static analyzer 234 235 define directive 313 defining macros 313 314 definitions jumping to 152 deleting files 77 folders 363 snapshots 354 dependencies automatic detection 218 defining 185 Find Implicit Dependencies option 183 inter project dependencies 222 225 new targets adding and 176 subprojects and 222 Target Dependencies build phase 169 177 deploying applications See applications deploying Deployment Target group targets 160 description method 108 design of software unit testing and 273 Detail view Instruments 335 336 developer forums Apple 42 developer tools documentation viewing 39 Diagnostics tab Run action 186 discarding local changes SCM 373 dispatch queues 244 245 document icons setting 133 document types custom 133 setting icons 133 targets 164 documentation Documentation and API Reference menu item
10. selecting projects targets 160 Summary tab 161 162 163 test targets 215 278 templates basics 9 creating new projects and 11 defined DTrace 326 projects creating new 11 target template chooser 159 target template sheet 175 terminology Git vs SVN 356 TestFoo class 211 testing See also OCUnit unit testing applications 139 data model UI 123 icons 130 integration testing 273 274 Test action schemes 186 187 test case class 287 TestAppTouchTests test target 295 297 testing bundle 295 296 Text replacing with Search navigator 94 96 searching 91 searching documentation for 41 text fields adding 57 third party framework example 204 207 threads and stacks Debug navigator and 109 debugging and 242 245 minimal full and semi filtered stacks 243 suspending threads 245 threads vs breakpoints 245 Threads and Stacks navigator 104 105 Threads strategy Instruments 332 333 TIFF tif images 128 time profiling with Instruments 339 342 Time Profiler 308 309 to do items basic data model 117 118 121 123 INDEX 383 toolbar Instruments 330 332 tools See Xcode Tools Top Level Objects behavior Assistant 54 tracing See also DTrace defined 326 TV Out simulating iOS Simulator 267 U UIKit framework 197 umbrella headers basics 207 210 211 defined 210 Uniform Type Identifiers UTIs defining 164 unions testing 279 unit testing 271 297 adding
11. 186 187 TestApp target 318 Info plist file 162 163 Inspection Range controls Instruments 330 Installer packages 6 installing Installer packages and 6 Xcode 4 4 instances entities and 114 Instruments 325 348 basics 5 dangling references 345 347 Detail view 335 336 DTrace overview 326 Extended Detail view 336 finding leaks 342 344 instruments defined 326 Instruments view 334 launching 337 338 other capabilities of 347 Profile action and 188 Strategy bar 332 333 templates 188 time profiling with 339 342 toolbar 330 332 user interface 327 329 integration testing 273 274 Interface Builder 50 54 Assistant 54 Editor area 51 52 Interface Builder Object library 53 UI for data model creating 118 Utility area 53 Xcode 4 and 7 interfaces single multiple interface windows 19 Source Editor 80 iOS devices debugging apps for 260 269 applications quitting 262 debugging 268 10S Developer Program 260 iOS project creating 260 262 iOS Simulator See iOS Simulator iOS Simulator 263 268 basics 5 263 debugger and 268 devices and versions 264 multi touch events 263 rotation 264 266 simulating common device events 266 267 simulating TV Out 267 iPads hooking to projectors 267 10S Simulator and 264 iPad Simulators run destinations 262 iPhones See also iOS devices debugging apps for In Call Status Bar 267 project settings 261 run destinations 262 263 iPhoto app simulate
12. 368 369 pushing changes 367 repositories managing See repositories status checking 364 365 scopes custom find scopes 92 94 Edit All in Scope command 146 149 Find Scopes sheet 92 focusing on 82 screen savers loadable bundles and 198 scripting environment variables and 305 306 simple example 307 scripts creating 308 309 debugging 305 extending 312 INDEX pre and post action scripts 300 302 Run Script build phase 300 303 305 triggering on release builds only 310 311 scrubber control Instruments 331 scrubbing revision timeline 371 SDKs software development kits Xcode 4 installation and 4 search and replace project members and source 89 97 Search navigator See Search navigator searching within files 97 Search control Instruments 331 Search navigator 90 95 basics 23 90 custom find scopes 92 94 Find Options panel 91 92 jumping to 90 replacing text 94 96 searches build log search results 302 options in Organizer 40 searching documentation for text 41 standard Help searches 38 selection defined 30 self printing 252 Sent Actions behavior Assistant 54 SenTestingKit framework 278 Shake event iOS devices 267 sharing applications 139 Shell field Run Script action 301 303 shell script file template 304 shortcuts See keyboard shortcuts shouldAutorotateToInterface Orientation method 265 Show environment variables in build log check box 303 305 306 Sibl
13. 6 mouse pointer examining variables with 108 Move Up Move Down option refactoring and 148 multi touch events iOS Simulator 263 N names company name changing 153 testing 286 292 naming See also renaming applications 12 13 clones 362 navigable errors 283 navigating projects See projects navigating Navigator area 20 21 25 Breakpoint navigator 24 Debug navigator 24 Issue navigator 23 Log navigator 25 Project navigator 21 Search navigator 23 Symbol navigator 22 network communication build Systems 192 New File sheet 74 New Project options sheet 12 New Project template sheet 11 260 New Scheme sheet 180 New Target sheet 175 next command console 256 nib extension NextStep Interface Builder 48 INDEX nibs 48 49 NSManagedObject subclass creating custom 124 generating accessor source code 124 NSZombie 345 O objects printing from console 251 253 testing 274 279 280 unit testing and 272 OCUnit 278 283 assertions 279 280 navigable errors 283 test results log 281 282 test targets and classes 278 Options bar templates 11 Options tab Run action 185 186 Organizer preventing opening of 309 Organizer Documentation tab for Help 39 40 Organizer window basics 35 snapshots and 354 orientation changing iOS devices 264 266 outdated projects modernizing 15 16 outlets nibs 48 49 Outlets and Referencing Outlets behaviors Assistant 54 over releases m
14. 7 xib XML Interface Builder 48 xibs 48 49 Z zipping packages or bundles and 139 zombies killing 345 347 INDEX 385
15. 76 278 287 files Copy Files phase targets 171 entitlements 192 File System pop up build systems 192 files structure built frameworks 214 locating project files with Finder 222 opening in Assistant 29 owners nibs 48 searching within 97 Xcode source files 20 files adding to projects 71 76 creating new files 74 75 existing files 72 73 File Template library 76 removing files 77 File s Owner 28 48 fin command console 256 Find panel Source Editor 97 Find Scopes sheet 92 Finder finding archives and 137 locating project files with 222 viewing packages in 138 finding archives 137 Find In option Search navigator 92 Find options Search navigator 91 92 leaks with Instruments 342 344 projects targets 160 system defined symbols and macros 314 Fix it feature 101 focusing on scopes 82 folders folder structure built frameworks 214 Folders option for adding files 73 managing in SVN 363 media folders build systems 193 folding code 83 Foo framework 204 207 Foundation framework 197 Framework Programming Guide 206 frameworks basics 197 199 Framework and Library sheet 199 linking targets to 161 similarity to libraries and bundles 196 system framework example See system framework example third party example 204 207 frameworks creating 208 215 code adding 210 211 headers configuring 212 215 new framework projects creating 208 209 Free Pascal 174 G
16. P EXPLORE 7 In Explore mode an outline of each of the documentation sets and their sections displays You can drill down by topic through the guides and API reference documents SEARCH In Search mode a search field appears allowing you to search all installed documentation sets Clicking the magnifying glass icon then choosing Show Find Options from the context menu reveals a set of filtering options Figure 4 3 that let you ignore unwanted libraries and more The results are grouped by type such as Reference System Guides Sample Code and so on BOOKMARKS na In Bookmarks mode you can jump directly to documentation pages you ve from the main menu or by right clicking anywhere in the page and choosing Add bookmarked You can set bookmarks by choosing Editor gt Bookmarks Bookmark for Current Page from the context menu To delete a bookmark select it and press the Delete key THE SOURCE EDITOR Although you ll explore the depths of the Source Editor in Part II there are a couple of useful ways to find contextual help from within your code QUICK HELP IN THE UTILITY AREA As you saw in Chapter 3 Xcode s Utility area gives you access to various properties code snippets user interface elements for Interface Builder and Quick Help The Quick Help utility continuously updates its content depending on what you ve selected in the Source Editor To get a feel for this utilit
17. SE Lg ibali be eg rigli tea i bin werir INTERFACE BUILDER CLANG STATIC ANALYZER Build and edit rich user interfaces with Interface Builder Find subtle errors in your programs with the Clang Drag and drop outlets and actions directly into your Static Analyzer Follow the blue arrows through your code using the Assistant editor code as the problem is broken down step by step XII surface Xcode 4 lets you write and manage your code design and build user inter faces analyze and debug your apps and more So what if it takes you less time aula da da Madeo me ahs di DI _ a a SB ali ete Bi Lod Note ef a g i Baap Hili ST Gopra m ee iima me a Se E el dy DLT E BICE LIN P SLOP 2 A TRENT Le E Ania eras I FERRITE gr F va ifisi mita Ter ceed eee jmil iminita rol ee ie e b UM ii sn iL Last tiar Iil Brel ber Lila Liri fia i Potent i bere Li dn 2 aaa aaa A e sici ber fi INSTRUMENTS Trace and profile your code with Instruments Follow your application s activity through time to find and analyze performance problems and more Re wip Maf te im di dad me cede Pee Geet Poeti soma e T ine Let smi nete at i The vinile ae der t Aeb lidm e i a rt i Aai idimi Ae Saimi a LI 1 tf pan ides pet starter Vor jae rater ae i E EIA Pieri soin Fe eer SOURCE CODE MANAGEMENT Manage your source code with the integr
18. a tion will appear in a pop up bubble by holding down the D B w Quick Help Name NSString Availability iOS 2 0 and later Abstract The NSString class declares the programmatic interface for an object that manages immutable strings An immutable string is a text string that is defined when it is created and subsequently cannot be changed NSString is implemented to represent an array of Unicode characters in other words a text string Declared In NSString h Reference NSString Class Reference Related Documents Property List Programming Guide String Programming Guide Sample Code AdvancedURLConnections BonjourWeb SimpleFTPSample TableViewSuite TheElements FIGURE 4 4 The Quick Help utility Option key and clicking the symbol you want to locate THE SOURCE EDITOR 41 COMMUNITY HELP AND FEEDBACK 42 CHAPTER 4 GETTING HELP There are anumber of community Web sites for finding more help than is available in the documentation including Apple s own developer forums See Appendix D for more information APPLE S DEVELOPER FORUMS Apple s developer forums are accessible to ADC members http devforums apple com There you can receive help and advice from the Cocoa developer commu nity as well as the occasional Apple engineer Because this is a public forum it s important to keep in mind that most people there are developers like you and are volunteering their time Take extra c
19. are to search for similar questions before posting ask detailed and clearly written questions and be civil As with any com munity anything less than civility and courtesy will make the community less likely to help you in the future DOCUMENTATION ERRORS If there is anything about Apple s documentation that is unclear incorrect or lacking in any way in Xcode you are encouraged to submit feedback to Apple At the bottom of every page of the documentation are hyperlinks that allow you to submit feedback good sort of good and bad tto the Apple documentation team Constructive detailed feedback helps Apple provide better documentation and improvements are released often WRAPPING UP Xcode offers many ways to find help Most of those ways point to the same docu mentation set but even the documentation pages help you submit suggestions for improvement In addition you will find a number of community Web sites one of which is Apple hosted and blogs a quick Google search away Even if the built in documentation doesn t help the chances are quite good you ll find your answer on the World Wide Web You should now have your bearings in the Xcode IDE In Part II you ll use Xcode to expand on the TestApp project by adding some user interface elements writing some code defining a data model and more From there you ll delve into the debugger and building the application for deployment WRAPPING UP 43 This page intentio
20. ated source code management features Branch merge pull push and resolve conflicts all from within Xcode XIII This page intentionally left blank 4 GETTING HELP You can get help in Xcode 4 for the IDE as well as the Cocoa frameworks in a number of ways In this chapter you ll learn how to find the answers you need 37 THE HELP MENU FIGURE 4 1 The Xcode Help menu 38 CHAPTER 4 GETTING HELP Xcode Help Xcode User Guide Documentation and API Reference X 3 Release Notes You ll start with the most obvious place first If you re familiar with Mac OS X you should be familiar with the Help menu Starting with Mac OS X 10 5 the Help menu Figure 4 1 features a standard Search field which shows you not only help topics but main menu items that match your search term Beneath the Search field are menu choices to open some of the more important help libraries with which you should familiarize yourself A link to Xcode s release notes is also listed there Most of these will open the Organizer window which you saw in Chapter 3 XCODE HELP The Xcode User Guide menu item opens a splash page containing video and links about how to find help in Xcode XCODE USER GUIDE The Xcode Help menu item opens the user manual for Xcode Inside you ll find in depth explanations and how to instructions for all Xcode features DOCUMENTATION AND API REFERENCE The Documentation and API Reference me
21. ation 15 16 new framework project 208 210 templates 11 test project creating 12 14 Welcome to Xcode window 10 projects navigating 19 35 Activity Viewer 33 Breakpoint navigator 24 Debug area 20 32 Debug navigator 24 Editor area 20 27 29 Issue navigator 23 Jump Bar 26 Log navigator 25 Navigator area 21 25 Organizer window 35 Project navigator 21 Search navigator 23 Symbol navigator 22 tabs 34 Utility area 20 31 workspace window 20 Protocols behavior Assistant 87 provisioning iOS devices debugging and 268 pulling changes SCM 368 369 pushing changes SCM 367 Q Quartz Composer 6 queues dispatch 244 245 quitting applications 262 R Record and Target controls Instruments 330 Refactor tool renaming symbols and 96 refactoring basics 147 149 unit testing and 273 References behavior Assistant 125 Referencing Outlets behavior Assistant 54 regular expression regex searches 91 release builds triggering scripts on 310 311 Release configuration 157 Release mode 135 136 removing actions 301 Assistant panes 29 breakpoints 24 106 files from projects 77 schemes 180 renaming entities 117 folders 363 refactoring and 147 renaming sheets 148 149 symbols 96 146 tabs 34 unit tests 274 reordering schemes 180 Replace preview sheet 95 replacing text Search navigator 94 96 repositories 357 363 basics 357 358 cloning and checking out 361 363
22. braries and Frameworks Creating a Framework Wrapping Up WORKSPACES What Is a Workspace When to Use a Workspace Creating a Workspace Another Kind of Workspace Wrapping Up DEBUGGING AND ANALYSIS IN DEPTH Using the Clang Static Analyzer Exploring Analyzer Results Threads and Stacks Inspecting Memory Conferring with the Console Viewing Generated Output Debugging Apps for iOS Devices Wrapping Up UNIT TESTING What is Unit Testing Unit Testing in Xcode Writing a Unit Test Adding Unit Tests to Existing Projects Wrapping Up USING SCRIPTING AND PREPROCESSING Extending Your Workflow with Custom Scripts Using the Preprocessor Wrapping Up 194 196 199 208 215 216 218 220 221 228 231 232 234 236 242 246 250 258 260 269 270 272 276 284 295 297 298 300 313 322 cHAPTER 20 USING INSTRUMENTS 324 An Overview of DTrace 326 A Tour of Instruments 327 Using Instruments for Common Tasks 339 Wrapping Up 348 CHAPTER 21 SOURCE CODE MANAGEMENT 350 Xcode Snapshots 352 Using an SCM System 356 Wrapping Up 373 Index 374 ES APPENDIXES APPENDIX A MANAGING YOUR iOS DEVICES A 1 APPENDIX B GESTURES AND KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS B 17 APPENDIxXc DOCUMENTATION UPDATES C 32 APPENDIXD OTHER RESOURCES D 36 CONTENTS IX INTRODUCTION X MASTERING XCODE 4 This book is an intermediate level introduction to Xcode 4 Apple s integrated development environment It assumes you have some development exper
23. bugging and 106 107 vs threads 245 bt command 254 255 Build action schemes 183 184 build environments defining macros in 316 321 build errors example 101 Build Phases tab 169 172 206 Build Rules tab 173 174 Build Settings sheet 16 Build Settings tab 165 168 build systems 155 193 build phases 158 169 172 build rules 158 Build settings 157 configurations 157 entitlements 191 193 overview 156 158 run destinations 157 schemes See schemes targets See targets build time vs runtime 322 building applications 17 bundles See also loadable bundles bundle identifiers 12 defined 198 similarity with libraries and frameworks 196 button bar Debug navigator 242 243 Navigator area 20 21 buttons adding to UI for data model 118 119 C c command console 256 C preprocessor See preprocessor call tree Instruments 336 341 342 case matching searches and 92 95 Categories and Protocols behaviors Assistant 87 C C Xcode 4 and 3 change management unit testing and 273 checking out 361 363 Clang Static Analyzer See static analyzer Class behavior Assistant 54 classes See also subclasses custom for data model UI 124 test classes 278 as units 272 cloning 361 363 Cocoa Autolayout Guide 66 Cocoa frameworks application project windows 14 Cocoa Bindings controller layer 121 Core Data and 112 document based plain applications 13 Xcode 4 and 3 Cocoa Fundamentals
24. canny ability to point out your mistakes and make you feel stupid Thoroughly abashed you ll wrap up with an overview of Xcode s integrated source code management support Appendixes You ll find four appendixes on the book s companion Web site http xcodebook com extracontent Appendix A helps you manage your iOS devices Appendix B includes tables of gestures and keyboard shortcuts for frequently used tasks Appendix C shows you how to manage Xcode documentation updates Appendix D provides you with Apple and third party resources for additional information INTRODUCTION XI WELCOME TO XCODE Upstart newbies Always strolling in and making short work of stuff that used to take you hours In your day you typed all your build commands and liked it Uphill Both ways In the snow Then again why let those newbies outpace you Xcode puts the same powerful tools you know and some new ones you may not in your hands Despite its shiny easy to use interface a lot of power lurks just under the uasgle of Peay Freer ar 3 aisg as sirjert ater rlair Of prramagniy anemie Gees Lt phaea ee ee are Taban mmg Pata ide lp pma ass RISO s Ii a SURI Sid osare riga operi irre objatie Bitri a5reagel Misa vijertit ral e Lila lesene N _e CUTE stano imiegat i italia bart f bt deals feeb fonia Saf a oe eer eee ol let in eds Bir se E an oe n T g pec
25. checking See Subversion SVN status control Instruments 331 Step Into button Debugger Bar 103 Step Out button Debugger Bar 103 Step Over button Debugger Bar 103 STFail assertion 279 Strategy bar Instruments 332 333 structs testing 279 struts See also springs and struts defined 59 Style option Search navigator 91 styles in Data Model Editor 116 subclasses creating for entities 124 refactoring and 148 Subclasses behavior Assistant 87 subprojects defined 222 Subversion SVN folders managing in 363 vs Git 356 360 361 locally hosted repositories creating 359 Summary tab targets 161 162 163 superclasses refactoring and 147 148 Superclasses and Subclasses behaviors Assistant 87 SVN See Subversion SVN switching branches Git 369 370 Symbol navigator 22 symbols code completion 84 finding 314 finding documentation for 41 moving between 81 renaming 96 146 system framework example code adding 202 203 importance of WebKit framework 203 linking against frameworks 199 UI adding 200 201 T table mode Data Model Editor basics 115 116 table view control adding to UI 118 119 tabs creating new 34 as new Xcode feature 34 Target Dependencies build phase 169 177 targets 159 177 adding new 175 177 basics 156 159 Build Phases tab 169 172 Build Rules tab 173 174 Build Settings tab 165 168 Info tab 162 165 project wide settings 160 161
26. d 267 Issue navigator basics 23 failures in 291 navigable errors and 283 warnings 15 issues Activity Viewer and 33 basics 100 defined 23 100 logic issues 241 static analyzer and 234 235 J Jump Bar basics 26 editing source code and 81 Jump to Definition 152 K key bindings changing 151 152 keyboard shortcuts Assistant panes opening with 29 behaviors shortcuts 229 230 breakpoints setting with 106 customizing 151 152 tab use speeding up with 34 L launching Instruments 337 338 layout Autolayout See Autolayout Autosizing control 59 basics 58 constraints 63 data model UI 118 120 layout behavior Assistant changing 30 positioning 60 61 sizing 62 springs and struts 59 63 leaks finding with Instruments 342 344 memory leaks 236 levels settings targets 167 168 libobjc a dylib 196 libraries basics 196 Code Snippet library 85 86 defined 196 File Template library 76 Help 38 ignoring unwanted 40 Interface Builder Object library 53 Link Binary With Libraries phase targets 170 222 linking targets to 161 170 using 199 Library control Instruments 331 Link Binary With Libraries phase 170 222 linking against frameworks 199 205 224 targets 170 Lion Autolayout and 58 63 document versions API 185 186 low memory and 342 upgrading to 64 lists filtering 22 23 24 LLDB debugger 250 loadable bundles 198 Localizations group targets 161
27. data model UI 121 controls Apps controls build systems 193 Debugger Bar 103 hardware controls build systems 192 memory view 248 249 positioning 60 61 schemes 182 sizing 63 wiring for data model UI 122 INDEX 375 Convert to Objective C 2 0 option 148 Copy Bundle Resources phase 170 177 Copy Files phase targets 171 Copy Frameworks build phase 224 Copy Headers build phase 212 213 Copy Headers phase targets 172 Copy PlugIns build phase 171 copyrights company name and 153 Core Data 112 113 Counterparts behavior Assistant 87 CPP C preprocessor See preprocessor Create a branch sheet 369 Create Snapshot sheet 353 Create Superclass option refactoring and 147 148 custom classes creating for data model UI 124 custom find scopes 92 94 customizing behaviors 229 230 debug behavior 32 shortcuts 151 152 D dangling references tracking down 345 347 Data Model Editor 111 125 Assistant and 28 125 basic data model creating 117 basic use of 115 116 Core Data 112 113 UI for data model creating See user interface for data model creating date date formatter adding to data model UI 120 due date data model UI 117 118 122 Debug area 20 32 102 INDEX Debug configuration 157 Debug navigator 24 109 242 243 Debugger Bar 103 104 debugger console 250 257 backtrace viewing 254 255 basics 104 105 250 code completion 256 help 257 objects and values
28. emory 237 240 owners nibs 48 P p NSUInteger googleURL scheme length command 253 PackageMaker 6 packages defined 138 panes adding and removing Assistant 29 Parallelize Build option 183 184 Pause Continue button Debugger Bar 103 pch file for macros 313 persistent stores 113 Person class adding for unit testing 284 286 plug ins Copy PlugIns build phase 171 PNG png images 128 po command 251 253 poison 315 positioning layout 60 61 positiveF lag variable 241 post action scripts custom 300 302 schemes 190 post Build action actions 301 pragma mark directive 150 313 pre and post action editor 300 301 pre and post actions scripts custom 300 302 schemes 190 preprocessor 313 322 compile or build time vs runtime 322 conditionals 315 316 macros 150 313 314 316 321 poison 315 previewing replacements 95 96 printenv command environment variables and 305 printing objects and values 251 254 probes defined 326 Product Name field 12 13 Profile action schemes 188 program execution controlling 256 Project navigator 21 363 365 project options sheet 208 209 projects adding frameworks to 204 207 adding to workspaces 222 adding unit tests to 295 297 inter project dependencies 222 225 iOS project creating 260 262 linking against frameworks 199 205 subprojects defined 222 projects creating building upon and running new projects 17 moderniz
29. hemes 189 archives creating 136 archives examining 138 archives finding 137 scripting example for amended 310 311 scripting example for simple 307 309 Arguments tab Profile action 188 Run action 185 Test action 186 187 array controllers adding to UI for data model 121 binding columns to 122 artwork Icon Composer and 6 129 ideal selecting for icons 128 assertions testing and 279 280 Assistant data models and 125 in Editor area 28 29 Interface Builder 50 54 viewing generated output and 258 259 writing code and 80 87 Assistant windows Jump Bar in 26 auto creating schemes 180 181 Autolayout 63 69 activating 64 basics 63 constraints 64 67 68 69 new functionality 68 69 automated refactoring 147 148 Automatic behavior Assistant 54 125 Autosizing control 59 60 61 62 B backtrace viewing 254 badges status 364 bar pointer memory addresses and 246 247 bash shell 303 behaviors behavior modes Assistant 30 87 125 Behaviors menu 229 Behaviors panel 228 when creating workspaces 228 230 beta versions 315 321 beta warnings 316 319 321 bezel alert creating 230 bindings Cocoa Bindings controller layer 121 122 bin sh shell 301 303 306 Blame mode Version Editor 372 bookmarks documentation pages and 40 branches Git creating and switching 369 370 Breakpoint navigator basics 24 runtime debugging and 107 breakpoints runtime de
30. ience and are familiar with the Cocoa API It won t teach you how to write code or much at all about Cocoa There are other books for that This one is strictly focused on how to use Xcode itself whatever your development endeavors Of course since Xcode is most often used with the Cocoa API and Objective C there are basic introductions to Cocoa concepts and a few trivial code samples sprinkled here and there to illustrate various points In these cases I point to the documentation that Apple provides to save you some trouble looking it up but I only had a limited number of pages in which to show you Xcode stuff so please keep this in mind when writing your scathing Amazon reviews Also I ve formed the opinion that Apple is crafty when it comes to software releases Not only are they ultra secretive but they appear to know my precise schedule and plans I blame iCloud They seem to use this knowledge to wait until I m almost finished and then change a bunch of stuff in a single release neces sitating the tracking down and editing of many fine details I imagine an Apple overseer watching me through my Mac s camera stroking a wrinkly hairless cat and waiting until I m almost finished He then orders his henchmen to release the next set of random changes and leans toward the screen expectantly muttering Yeeesssss as I shake my fist at the sky and shout his name in dramatic fashion The cat of course is hairless to avoid
31. ings behavior Assistant 87 sizing of images 128 layout and 62 63 slider control Debug navigator 242 243 snapping to guides for fixing constraints 67 snapshots feature 352 355 snippets creating and editing 86 examining and using 85 software development kits SDKs Xcode 4 installation and 4 source code generating accessor source code 124 navigating 81 83 source code management Git vs SVN 356 SCM systems See repositories SCM systems snapshots 352 355 Source Editor analyzer issue highlighted in 100 compiler issue highlighted in 100 finding symbols and macros with 314 Help and 41 interacting with debugger 108 109 managing breakpoints in 106 navigable errors and 283 search and replace with 97 Source Editor writing code with 79 87 Assistant and 87 code completion 84 Code Snippet library 85 86 interface 80 source code navigating 81 83 split pane editor See Assistant Spotlight Include Spotlight Importer option 13 loadable bundles and 198 springs and struts 59 63 Autosizing control 59 constraints 63 positioning 60 61 sizing 62 SSH keys setting up 363 stacks See threads and stacks staging feature Git 366 STAssertEqualObjects assertion 279 static analyzer Analyze action and 189 analyzer results bar 235 debugging and 100 logic errors and 241 memory leaks and 236 memory over releases and 237 240 using 234 235 static libraries 196 status SCM
32. itor 80 versions in repository comparing and browsing history 370 372 View controls Instruments 331 W warnings beta warnings 316 319 321 322 issues and 101 low memory warnings 266 342 of outdated project settings 16 watches setting 246 247 Web sites for downloading Foo framework 204 Web sites for further information appendixes to book xi C preprocessor 313 Clang Static Analyzer iv 100 Cocoa Autolayout Guide 66 Cocoa Fundamentals Guide 49 Code Signing and Application Sandboxing Guide 191 Git 356 Grand Central Dispatch 244 Help 42 OCUnit 278 print 254 SSH keys setting up 363 SVN 356 Xcode shortcut cheat sheet iv WebKit framework See system framework example Welcome to Xcode window 10 windows See also specific windows single multiple interface windows 19 workspace window 20 workspaces 218 231 adding 228 230 basics 218 219 defined 218 228 true 217 when to use 220 workspaces creating 221 227 basics 221 inter project dependencies 222 225 projects adding to workspaces 222 schemes in workspaces 226 227 writing code See Source Editor writing code with unit tests 287 290 X xcarchive format 138 Xcode Archive format 138 Xcode 4 advantages of xii installing 4 obtaining 4 relationship to Xcode Tools 3 Xcode integrated development environment IDE 5 Xcode Tools basics 3 relationship to Xcode 4 3 tools listed 5 7 xcodeproj files 21
33. nally left blank INDEX 374 A a extension for libraries 196 accessors creating 124 action buttons adding 55 56 actions adding and removing 301 nibs 48 post Build action actions 301 Activity Viewer 33 Add Files sheet 72 73 204 Add to Targets option for adding files 73 adding actions 301 breakpoints 24 files to projects See files adding to projects repositories manually 359 361 addresses memory 246 247 analysis See debugging and analysis Analyze action 189 234 App Store submitting applications to 139 AppKit framework 197 Apple Cocoa documentation 49 developer forums 42 documentation errors 42 iOS Developer Program 260 Application Help Books 93 application icons customizing 127 133 application icons setting 131 132 artwork 128 document icons setting 133 icons creating 129 130 applications See also iOS devices debugging apps for building and running 17 document based plain applications 13 naming 12 13 when to use workspaces 220 INDEX applications deploying 135 141 alternatives to archiving 140 archiving 136 139 Release mode and 135 136 apps See applications iOS devices debugging apps for Apps controls build systems 193 ARCHIVE _DSYMS_PATH 140 ARCHIVE PATH 140 ARCHIVE PRODUCTS PATH 140 archiving 136 140 alternative to 140 applications sharing 139 applications submitting to App Store 139 applications testing 139 Archive action sc
34. ng Code Completion Exploring the Code Snippet Library The Assistant Wrapping Up SEARCHING AND REPLACING Using the Search Navigator Searching within Files Wrapping Up BASIC DEBUGGING AND ANALYSIS Compile Time Debugging Runtime Debugging Wrapping Up USING THE DATA MODEL EDITOR Introducing Core Data Using the Data Model Editor 46 48 50 55 58 69 70 72 74 76 71 71 78 80 81 84 85 87 87 88 90 97 97 98 100 102 109 110 112 115 Creating a Basic Data Model 117 Creating a UI for the Model 118 Using the Assistant 125 Wrapping Up 125 cHAPTER 11 CUSTOMIZING THE APPLICATION ICON 126 Picking the Ideal Artwork 128 Creating Icons 129 Setting the Application Icon 131 Setting Document Icons 133 Wrapping Up 133 cHAPTER12 DEPLOYING AN APPLICATION 134 Archiving 136 Alternatives to Archiving 140 Wrapping Up 141 Me PART Ill GOING BEYOND THE BASICS cHAPTER 13 ADVANCED EDITING 144 Renaming Symbols 146 Refactoring 147 Organizing with Macros 150 Changing Editor Key Bindings 151 Jump to Definition 152 My Company Name 153 Wrapping Up 153 CHAPTER14 THE BUILD SYSTEM 154 An Overview 156 Working with Targets 159 Working with Schemes 178 Entitlements Sandboxing 191 Wrapping Up 193 CONTENTS VII Vill MASTERING XCODE 4 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 LIBRARIES FRAMEWORKS AND LOADABLE BUNDLES What are Libraries Frameworks and Bundles Using Existing Li
35. nu item simply opens the Organizer window in Documentation mode so you can browse or search the installed docu mentation libraries It will remain on the currently selected page without navigating away and simply show the window THE REST The remaining menu items trigger quick help for the currently selected code in the active workspace window and open the Organizer window in Documentation mode with the text input cursor in the search bar respectively THE ORGANIZER S DOCUMENTATION TAB eee z gt pean i ee 2 ne 2 apoy a gt o iMa 107 Core Library i Dara Management E aringi Teri amp Fonti 9 WiString Class Reference ie Nitinning Mexi Match Tyee Comino NSString Class Reference Chit et ANE Doc Seti Lamgiagri All Langiaagri gg arferenee Inherits from Ribje Sija D Miir Laiha Ed Crasrirglomert SStringErt miig Conforms to Moding O crasingfamerri Sring re mirng Brea prying AGM ua olelopying CA Crstangtonvert _Sepringiecoding BS ject NSO bject T CF StrinegCarvert dingTaFra terfiorg CA cricringtonven _dingTotscoding FI CPiainglondrt ding Tein Framework System Library Frameworks Foundation framework E orcotembsaringEncodingiter Avallability Available in Mac 05 X vI0 0 and later ia Spacer Cubes hover 45 More Enui Declared in tt inguisrizTaggerh I Making hypertinks out of NSSxrings NSPathitilities h Foundation Chang i MESaring h AALERL hi WebkKie Changes Hiring f
36. rom Siriegs and Dara earthing Com d Ranting Brings sirg Programming a e e Property List Programming Gilde Companion guides Related sample code CoreRecipei Fiom A Vita to A Monde Funbicigne GLeShowgiece Seth e Accessibility n Belactoring Remarreng a Syenbol O Ten Driiag Your Cole with COLIN About th Core ping Model Liito T amp jampe Code Shore ST bore Miri e A Tipwrapper E ki TipArappii b D Birba b D Coremecipei Overview The Documentation section of the Organizer is Xcode s main viewer for all SDK and developer tools documentation Open the Organizer by choosing Window gt Organizer from the main menu and then choose the Documentation tab in the toolbar Figure 4 2 The Organizer responds by showing you a pane on the left similar to Xcode s Navigator area and a main viewing area Along the top of the main viewing area you ll see a Jump Bar similar to the one you explored in Chapter 3 This Jump Bar however allows you to navigate the documentation as opposed to your project The Organizer s navigation area has three modes Explore Search and Bookmarks The button bar at the top of the pane switches between the modes THE ORGANIZER S DOCUMENTATION TAB 39 FIGURE 4 2 The Organizer s Documentation tab oe em Q NSString Match Type Contains Doc Sets All Doc Sets Languages All Languages FIGURE 4 3 The Organizer s search options panel 40 CHAPTER4 GETTING HEL
37. t sheet saved me loads of tedium when creating Appendix B You can find the original downloadable version that Colin maintains at http xcodebook com cwheeler CONTENTS Introduction X Welcome to Xcode xii MS PARTI THE BASICS GETTING STARTED WITH XCODE 4 CHAPTER 1 DISCOVERING XCODE TOOLS 2 Downloading 4 Installing 4 Exploring 5 Wrapping Up 7 CHAPTER 2 STARTING A PROJECT 8 Welcome to Xcode 10 Creating a New Project 11 Project Modernization 15 Building and Running an Application 17 Wrapping Up 17 CHAPTER 3 NAVIGATING A PROJECT 18 The Workspace Window 20 The Navigator Area 21 The Jump Bar 26 The Editor Area 27 The Utility Area 31 The Debug Area 32 The Activity Viewer 33 The Tabs 34 The Organizer Window 35 Wrapping Up 35 CHAPTER 4 GETTING HELP 36 The Help Menu 38 The Organizer s Documentation Tab 39 The Source Editor Al Community Help and Feedback 42 Wrapping Up 43 CONTENTS V VI MASTERING XCODE 4 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 PART II WORKING WITH COCOA APPLICATIONS CREATING USER INTERFACES Understanding Nibs Getting Familiar with Interface Builder Adding User Interface Elements Layout Wrapping Up ADDING FILES TO A PROJECT Adding Existing Files Creating New Files Using the File Template Library Removing Files from the Project Wrapping Up WRITING CODE WITH THE SOURCE EDITOR Exploring the Source Editor Interface Navigating Source Code Usi
38. to projects 295 297 basics 271 272 benefits of 273 controversy over 275 Include Unit Tests option 13 208 vs integration testing 273 274 limitations of 274 OCUnit and See OCUnit Person class adding 284 286 Test action and 187 276 TestAppTests 276 277 tests designing 286 tests passing 292 294 tests testing 291 tests writing 287 290 units defined 272 unlocking debugging iOS devices and 268 updating changes SCM 368 369 URLs defining targets 165 user interface for data model creating 118 125 accessors creating 124 controllers creating 121 INDEX custom classes creating 124 layout 118 120 testing 123 wiring controls 122 user interface Instruments 327 329 user interfaces UIs creating 47 69 elements basics of adding 55 Hello World action adding 55 56 Interface Builder See Interface Builder layout See Autolayout layout nibs 48 49 system framework example 200 201 text fields adding 57 user manual Help 38 user defined build settings 168 Utility area basics 20 31 Help in 41 Interface Builder 53 UTIs Uniform Type Identifiers defining 164 V validating apps 139 values printing from console 251 253 254 variables environment variables scripting and 301 305 306 inspecting in Source Editor 108 Variables pane 105 Variables view Debug area 246 version control See source code management Version Editor 370 371 Version Editor mode Source Ed
39. y make sure your TestApp project is open and then select the TestAppAppDelegate m source file from the Classes group in the Project navigator Open the Utility area and select the Quick Help utility In the Source Editor click window in the synthesize window statement Quick Help responds by showing you the name of the symbol window and the header file in which it is declared the TestApp project s TestAppAppDelegate h file For a more interesting example scroll down a bit until you find the NSString applicationSupportDirectory method and click the NSString symbol Quick Help responds by showing a much more detailed description of the NSString class Figure 4 4 which is part of the Cocoa frameworks and is documented by the built in document libraries Any text highlighted in blue is a hyperlink to the cor responding documentation Clicking a Quick Help hyperlink opens the linked information in the Documentation section of the Organizer SEARCH DOCUMENTATION FOR SELECTED TEXT Another handy way to find the documentation for symbols such as NSString is to select the symbol in the Source Editor and then choose Help gt Search Documenta tion for Selected Text from the main menu As with hyperlinks in the Quick Help pane choosing this option will open any corresponding documentation it finds in the Documentation section of the Organizer TIP It s not necessary to open the Utility pane to see Quick Help content The same inform
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