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Washington Apple Pi Journal, June 1984

1. And as an added bonus at no extra cost SUNSTAR diskettes are packaged in a handsome and durable polyvinyl library file Choose your colors red burgundy yellow green dark blue light blue orange gray dark brown light brown Order now using VISA or MasterCard Call our 24 hour toll free number 800 227 3800 Ext 6l eeaa J J MINUTE MANUALS Minute Manual For PFS FILE REPORT GRAPH WRITE Each program explained for those who have one or more and those who want to find out about them Also contains Quick Guide to over 50 procedures Tutorial Prin ter codes for Epson Gemini Apple Prowriter NEC amp Okidata 12 95 Minute Manual For Apple Writer e A lot of sup port for 7 95 Beginners guide to word processing step by step Instructions for the basic and advanced procedures Over 60 pages of problem solving procedures on formatting and printing Specific procedures for Epson Gemini Apple Prowriter NEC Okidata Glossary Disk For Apple Writer e and Easy to use Automatically load glossary from menu Select Ap ple Writer lle or Select Epson FX MX RX Gemini 10 10X Prowriter Apple OMP Imagewriter NEC 8023A or Okidata 92 83A Then turn on or off any print style with a single keystroke 14 95 Minute Manual For Apple Writer 7 95 Minute Manual For DB Master 12 95 Available at COMM CENTER B Dalton Sidney Kramers H St VF Assoc Logical Choice T
2. Beltway Exit 7A Branch Ave Rt 5 at i 6443 Old Alex Ferry Rd Suter Clinton Md 20735 f 301 856 2500 appie computer eapric Dealer amp Service Center 2 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi WP OR Bc amp STAFF President David Morganstein 301 972 4263 Vice President Dana Schwartz 301 725 6281 Treasurer Edward Myerson 703 759 5479 Secretary Sara Lavilla 301 926 6355 Directors Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Peter Combes 301 445 6188 Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Nancy Philipp 301 924 2354 Gordon Stubbs 703 750 0224 Rich Wasserstrom 703 893 9147 Editor Bernie Urban 301 229 3458 Associate Editors Betsy Harriman 202 363 5963 Genevie Urban 301 229 3458 Journal Staff Store Distrbtn Ray Hobbs 301 490 7484 Columnists Applesoft James T DeMay Jr 301 779 4632 DisabledSIG Jay Thal 202 244 3649 EDSIG Peter Combes 301 445 6188 LOGOSIG Nancy Strange 703 691 1619 Q amp A Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Telecomm Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 VisiCalc Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Review Coord Hardware Scott Rullman 301 779 5714 Software Raymond Hobbs 301 490 7484 Group Purchases Rich Wasserstrom 301 654 8060 call Kevin at office on M W Th F John Malcolm 301 384 1070 Dave Weikert Joy Aso Bob Hicks Ed Lang Jim amp Nancy Little Terry Prudden Bruce Redding Gordon Stubbs Disketeria Staff New Disks Bob Platt 202 223 1588 Pascal
3. RAK WARE EXIT COMPATIBLE WITH WORD PROCESSORS CAPABLE OF SENDING PRINTER CONTROL CODES FONTE bWDi ror 7 DOWNLOAD FONT EOIT FONT RUN DEMO INSTRUCTIONS uU i UN 0 sd CONFIGURE I F 1 DUMA feel ENTERS EDIT MODE eeseseeese ceseeeeaee se CHARACTER SELECT MOVES CURSOR TO NEXT CHAR REPLACE CHAR ENTER EDIT LOAD FONT FROM OISK SAVE FONT TO DISK SOWNLOAD FONT TO PRINTER TOGGLE SOUND ON OFF Bt Oni N 3 feta hO OEY RAK WARE 201 325 1885 39 3 S H 41 RALPH ROAD W ORANGE NJ 07052 SPECIFY PRINTER WITH ORDER TRI STATE SVSTEMS DISCOUNT APPLE SOFTWARE Retail E A EE P A The Accountant Zork Mor M iosas 39 95 29 50 ASC Il Express The Professional 129 95 89 95 LOKKON EAI EE E SEATA 39 95 27 50 Screenwriter Il 00000 129 95 89 95 Choplif tot osre interan E EAAS 34 95 25 95 Master Type cccececeeeeeeeeeees 39 95 27 95 EEE EERE E E i 4 Bank Street Writer ssvesoasoasossosocoecconoososossoso WP Wet DOLF WR SE WILLE cc cc cece crccccccnnancncsercccsenenr suvoasoveseoseonsesvosossossseosanogsessoseesso TFIA Wie FS SINNER EY MAUTE Dr cccccererecccvcccccce Wizardry Il Knight of Diomonds 95 Home Accountant Wizardry Ili Legacy of Lylgaymn i i isks 5 174 We accept VISA
4. ccc ceca cccaes 15 00 LOX LCOM 26 be lacele Sais bw 0S 0 eres eee s 15 900 V I P wees a a aa aa a e T State LO O0 eeeee 10 00 rey Perfect asasassoena A M Pa cocoan 06 ect ae oe ee Critical Mass 22 22100 III 22200 EPOCH ses aronui ee ees Suai 2e 20 00 Three Mile Island Free Fall a ssas eters eeaee 17 00 Frogger s naa Mouskattack s s 20 00 Stee eebease 20 00 Lunar Leeper 00n2eeeeeee 17 90 Apple Oids eeneeesese eeenes ese eeeea 9Q Firebug es cenncenccenncencee 17 00 Creature Creator 27 00 Spectre cccscncccccscessesee 18 900 Buzzard Bait asssosussonneno 27 200 Sammy Lightfoot 2 2c222 19 00 COMPUTER DEN Ltd 11716 KEMP MILL ROAD SILVER SPRING MARYLAND 20902 301 449 6868 Call for an appointment or to order Sunday UN led at 4 1 Ma M Free delivery to Crystal City UPS shipping 4 00 extra Washington Apple Pt HARPWARE If you are having hardware problems with your and or peripheral equipment the have agreed to help Pei Gis the Hardware Helper just how involved he becomes may only suggest things for you to do or he may actively assist in cleaning removing or replacing parts Tilghman Broaddus Rt 1 Box 246 Mechanicsville VA 23001 804 779 2553 till 10 T Tom DeMay Jr 4524 ped Street Riverdale 20737 301 779 4692 t417 11 Lyman Hewins Route 2 Box 26 Leonardtown MD 20650 301 475 956
5. d The print appears patchy with areas of light and dark Try another printer ribbon this can be the symptom of an improperly inked ribbon e Prints some but stops without being turned off The printer probably needs repair f Only particular characters fail to print This shouldn t happen but there may be a defect in the printer s character generator ROM Some self tests do not print all the characters but the manufacturer should provide you with a sample of a good self test g A vertical line is light or doesn t print If it is on every character the printer head may need re placing If it only happens on certain locations on the paper check for holes in the printer platen This means that the printer is on but not able to 5 No communication from computer to printer receive communications from the computer If it has a contd 26 June 1984 Washinaton Anole Pi Run program DUMB TYPER listed below or from Applesoft BASIC enter PR s where s is the slot number of the interface card For example if the interface card is in slot 1 type PR l lt cr gt If it prints what you type on the keyboard you re in business The Apple may complain about SYNTAX ERRORs if you use PR s but that fs normal It wants you to enter BASIC commands and will notice if you don t something like one of the following If you get a Nothing used the Check your slot number and make sure you right one for the interface car
6. 1 899 Corona PC 2 2 695 Franklin Fam Pac 1 099 e PRINTERS Gemini Delta Epson FX80 160 cps Epson 12x80 Gemini 15 Okidata 92P Epson FX100 160 cps e ACCESSORIES System Saver Applicard Wordstar 16K RAM Card M Soft Computer Desk 80 col crd Videx Micro Buffer II 16K Comp Paper 91 x 11 Kraft Joystick e DISKETTES Wabash SS SD Verbatim DS DD 10 PRINTERS Gemini 15X 120 cps Grappler No Buffer Par Interface Grappler 16K Buffer Okidata 93P e PRINTERS Ltr Qual Gemini Protype Silver Reed Exp 550 F 10 35 cps e MONITORS Gorilla GRN 12 Gorilla Amber 12 AMDEK 300G GRN AMDEK 300A Amber Color 1 13 AMDEK 130 79 199 729 6192 FRANCONIA RD ALEXANDRIA VA 22310 971 5800 8228 FENTON STREET SILVER SPRING MD 20910 495 5960 June 1984 Washington Apple Pt REAL PROGRAMMERS USE Micko MASTER Professional software developers and consultants find MicroMaster indispensable Formatted PRINT INPUT anything and over 50 new commands See Dave Morganstein s review on page 31 of the March issue SPECIAL PRICE Special price for WAP members 48 75 regularly 75 00 Please add 3 for shipping and handling Cai 301 495 2933 or return coupon today Offer expires July 15 1984 To MicroPower Ltd 1100 East West Highway Silver Spring MD 20910 301 495 2933 Yes Send me copies of Name n nm mmm MicroMaster
7. K 22 1 K 21 GOTO 880 ccs DEVELOP NAG RULES EXPERT SYSTEM by Frederick This dis the third in a series of articles about the use of the LISP language to develop a working expert program for the Apple J computer An expert program is artificial intelligence AI software that emulates the reasoning process of the human mind and attempts to replicate human expertise through the use of if then rules The present effort is being developed on an Apple e with DOS 3 3 and P LISP Version 3 2 The objective of this project is to contribute to the AI art by demonstrating that a meaningful expert pro gram can be run on a microcomputer and to expand the capabilities of the Apple J by developing a reusable expert system shell that can be adapted to other applications It should be emphasized that the Apple J will never match the power of a dedicated LISP machine but developing an expert program on an Apple can be a valuable educational experience and a good way to learn LISP PROJECT STATUS The Senate Expert has been debugged and is nicely running The knowledge base contains the attributes of thirty senators each represented as a separate data frame The frames are stored on a pseudodisk residing in the 64K Auxiliary Memory of the Apple extended 80 column card This has been integrated with the expert program and frames management functions described in the earlier articles and the entire program has been de
8. Volume 183 Cave of the Mind See also Volume 105 Volume 102 Games A Volume 184 Zyphur Riverventure Volume 103 Merry Christmas Volume 185 Castle of Doom Macintosh Volume 104 Business A Volume 186 Death Star Disk No 1 7 00 1 00 postage Volume 105 FIG FORTH Utilities Volume 187 Devil s Tomb Volume 106 Science Engineering Volune 188 Caves of Treas Is1 Volume 181 required with these disks Vols 121 135 136 must be purchased together Use of this disk requires sending money to the author 30 for Diversi Dos and 9 for One Key Dos NOTE ALLOW 2 TO 3 WEEKS FOR MAILING Total Order disks NAME Make check payable and send to ADDRESS Washington Apple Pi Ltd lt lt a Attn Disketeria CITY STATE ZIP 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 m r E eres Bethesda MD 20814 TELEPHONE WAP MEMBERSHIP NO Washington Apple Pt June 1984 59 WAP TUTORIAL REGISTRATION The following four WAP tutorials are being offered on Tuesday evenings from 7 30 to 9 00 PM at the office 8227 Woodmont Avenue Room 202 Bethesda MD The tutorials start promptly at 7 30 if you bring your computer please arrive 15 minutes early to set up You may sign up for any or all of the series They are designed for the beginner and will be repeated monthly A detailed outline of the tutorials was given in the February 1984 WAP Journal June 5 INTRODUCTION TO APPLE COMPUTER HARDWARE June 12 HOW TO
9. 239 210 9 235 175 339 105 149 355 269 39 469 689 329 1125 439 715 799 795 9 289 410 1049 Transtar 130 18 cps daisywheel Diablo coapatible M 120 14 cps daisywheel as above NEC 7710 55 cps daisywheel built like a tank Diablo 620 25 cps daisywheel Quae sarin 11 40 40 cps daisywheel INTERFACES amp BUFFERS Phaso U printer interface superior graphics amp aore ShuffleBuffer 32K 128K w cut amp paste serisi and par Grapplert printer interface parallel w graphics Buffered Grapplert 16K to 64K buffer plus graphics CPS Multifunction serial parallel and clock Wizard BPO 16K 32K buffered parallel w graphics IPI graphics text duap page formatting CCS 7710A RS 232 serial for printers amp eaodaas VIDEO amp KEYBOARD Videx Ultratera 160 coluan 48 row display Videotera 80 column w softswitch inverse Wespercorp Wizard 60 softswitch amp inverse built in ALS Saartera II 80 coluans at a bargain price MicroSci 80 col card w 4K RAM for JCe Keytronic KB 200 low profile detached keyboard MEMORY STON Wespercorp Wizard 16K RAM card 2 yr warranty Titan Systeas 128K RAM card Washington Apple Pi SOFTWARE WORD PROCESSING Wordstar 3 3 including Mhz Z 80 Applicard 299 ScreenWriter II 70 col display spooling sore Super Text Professional Bank Street Writer or Speller pfs Write Ile Word Handler List Handler
10. CTRLF EQU EQU EQU UDA JSR OFF SCAN NEXT NO Washington Apple Pi lt CONN OUPY WAPY gt CONN DUPY 1 WAPY 1 SET WH s Heads up for Macro Escape from Macro Forward Arrow sTurn Function Keys sback on via lt RESET gt Activated ROM routine 0 FA62 indirect sJuMPs to WAPY Set Bits of WAPV4 1 sPress lt E SCape gt to sturn off Function Keys undoing KSW sand pointing It gback to FDIB Save key after sCTRL F Pointer sto 1st Macro Key 3 07 06 7088 Scan Macro Keys sunt l match found 30 marks end sThis one sHt Part of Fnet slo End of Fnet Always 1 Step thru Funct ton sBytes sFound Macro Key sNew KSW pointer sAccess Ist Fnet Byte sAlwaystl Display Fnet Byte sLoad Function Byte slo Byte End Access next Byte Dist from left margin sIf Byte forward garrow jump over sone notch 7087 68 116 PLA Set Hi Bit 7088 09 80 117 ORA 80 of last Byte 708A 60 118 RIS 120 2 7088 00 122 SPEC DFB 00 Special Fnct Key End Assembly 140 bytes Errors 0 Leek WG Tac EDITOR A REVIEW OF THE AJ 831 PRINTER Dear Editor The Club arrangement for discount purchase of an Anderson Jacobson printer is an extraordinary chance to get a fine letter quality printer at a low price Two years ago I bought a bargain letter quality printer then about 900 and suffered with it until I could no lo
11. Spell Handler HoseWord easy to use icon based systea Perfect Writer edit view sultiple files in CP M Incredible Jack word processing data base calc Sensible Speller IV checks ANY file type The Word Ag super spelling checker for CP M SPREADSHEETS amp TUE TELLERS Multiplan litate CINA spreadsheet VisiCalc 1C and Ile versions availablel SuperCalc 2 powerful CP M spreadsheet INFORMATION MANAGEMENT dBASE II w ZIP screen generator Quickesde dBASE prograa generator The General Manager 2 0 a 149 Thinktank electronic thought organizer pfs File Report or Graph Infostar including 6 Mhz 2 60 Applicard 119 A 08 Master 4 0 latest version BUSINESS amp ACCOUNTING BPI Accounting AR AP PAYROLL INVENTORY ea module 249 Peachtree Peachpak CL AR AP all three 229 Dollars amp Sense hose accounting graphics The Accountant double entry bookkeeping systea Hose Accountant COMMUNICATIONS Ascii Express Professional for 00S 3 3 Z tera Professional for CP M Data Capture Jle ConpuServe Starter Kit password user guide Einstein Applesoft Coapiler Softech UCSD p Systes Digital Research Pascal HT Microsoft Fortran 80 BOS C coapiler Hicrosotion FORTH 79 Terrapin Logo amp ENOS Kensington Systea Saver Fan w surge protector Kraft Joystick TG Joystick Trace SoundTrap silence your printer 99 Mockingboard sound synthesis w speech opti
12. Sweet P 495 support pak 89 EXPANSION CARDS 16 K RAM 49 64K amp 80 column 145 128K amp 80 column 195 80 coiumn with softswitch 139 Z 80 Plus CPM 115 fast Z 80 6 MHZ 245 serial interface 117 16 voice music card 138 clock calendar 109 GAME 1 O Joysticks Sampson 4 button 29 Hayes Mach II 37 Mach Ill 45 Paddles Adam amp Eve 29 TG 31 Twin port expander 29 VF ASSOCIATES 6327 Western Ave NW Wash DC 20015 202 363 1313 13 A LOGO VIRUS by Ron Murray In last month s episode we were introduced to a set of Logo procedures that could delete copy change and insert things into other Logo procedures This was done under the guise of constructing a procedure that behaved like a virus injecting messages into other procedures possibly altering their behavior We will first discuss this capricious use of those Logo pro cedures before moving on to more socially redeeming and infinitely more interesting uses A listing of the virus looks like this TO VIRUS MESSAGE LOCAL ATTACK AREA SAFE AREA VICTIM MAKE SAFE AREA 212 MAKE ATTACK AREA COUNT CONTENTS SAFE AREA MAKE VICTIM ITEM RANDOM ATTACK AREA 1 CONTENTS IF AND DEFINEDP VICTIM NOT PRIMITIVEP VICTIM CINJECT MESSAGE RANDOM COUNT TEXT VICTIM 1 VICTIM This procedure finds out which procedures exist by looking through the CONTENTS list the list which contains all the words tha
13. Volume 134 New Members Disk Volume 136 WAPABBS 1 1 Disk 2 Volume 308 PIG8 Volume 309 PIG9 Volume 310 PIGLO Volume 311 PIG11 Volume 312 PIG12 Volume 142 IAC 28 Pinball Ganes See also Volume 133 Volume 135 WAPABBS 1 1 Disk 1 Volume 137 IAC 21 Spreadsheet A Volume 138 IAC 23 Utilities G Volume 139 IAC 24 Education 3 Volume 140 Education 4 Volume 141 Special Data Bases Volume 143 Sports Volume 144 IAC 27 Applesoft Prog CP M Volume 145 Apple Logo Tool Kit Volume 401 Volume 146 Apple Logo Sample Prog Volune 402 Volume 147 Logo Documentat ion Volume 403 Volume 148 Adventure Disk 1 Both Volume 404 Volume 405 Volume 406 ZCPR2 Install 00S 3 3 Volume 149 Adventure Disk 2 Req Volume 41 IAC 25 Mach Lang Util Volume 150 EDSIG1 Elem Math Volume 42 One Key DOS Volume 43 IAC 29 Utilities H Volume 44 Utilities I Volume 151 1983 Tax Template Volume 407 ZCPR2 Documentat ion Volune 152 IAC 31 Miscellaneous Volume 408 ZCPR2 Utilities 0 Volume 90 Spreadsheet C Genl Bus Eamon Series Forth Volume 91 Spreadsheet D Investment Volume 180 Dungeon Designer Volume 700 Assenbler Disassembler Volume 92 Spreadsheet E Bus Recd Volume 181 Beginners Cave Volune 701 Full Screen Editor Volume 100 Utilities A Volume 182 Lair of Minotaur Volume 702 Goforth Volume 101 Utilities B
14. for instance sends all output for slot 3 to address 300 Another possibility for this feature is reconfiguring the computer system in any way desired simply by changing the addresses to which ProDOS sends output The CHAIN command works with Applesoft all variables from one program to another transferring PREFIX serves a function similar to specifying drive and stot defaults in DOS 3 3 Prefix selects a direc tory used as the default directory or the directory that is used unless a separate pathname is used The command is the most commonly used ProDOS com mand It will run brun or exec a file as well as execute System files Unfortunately ProDOS is not very compatible with DOS 3 3 Most assembly language programs will have to be rewritten since most of the entry points and DOS routines have been changed Some Applesoft programs may also have to be rewritten depending on whether or not they rely on DOS code Currently Apple is offering ProDOS User s Kits for 40 They include ProDOS and the ProDOS User s Man ual Basic Programming with ProDOS includes a book on using ProDOS in Applesoft as well as a disk of pro gramming examples The ProDOS Technical Reference Manual jis priced at 25 and includes the ProD0S exerciser disk ON THE TECHNICAL SIDE ProDOS is much faster than DOS 3 3 in respect to disk 1 0 however it is slow when it comes to computing DOS 3 3 took 174 seconds to write a 6
15. microprocessor seeeesesesecs eesee In addition to the eight BASE POINTER 8 bit data registers AH AL ee7e 7 2 BH BL CH CL and DH DL all SOURCE INDEX of which can be used singly s rernttteretee cece or as a l6 bit unit register DESTINATN INDEX pair there are four 16 bit 7 pointer or index registers CODE SEGMENT a 16 bit status register of 77 7 which 9 bits are significant DATA SEGMENT and a l6 bit instruction sse2 e 2 2 pointer program counter The remaining four 16 bit registers segment registers are used to augment the ad dressing of RAM in order to INSTRUCTION PTR provide 20 bit addressing capability thus allowing the STATUS computer to access 1 048 560 7 77 7 1024K discrete memory loca 8088 CPU tions The manner in which this is done is interesting one of the segment registers is shifted left one nibble 4 bits then 8088 include instructions for register exchanges signed and unsigned multiply and divide and double register indexed addressing which yields one form of true indirect addressing when used properly Why take a look into the other guy s CPU Two rea sons first it s good to know what the other guy is dealing with to get his work done and second the counterpart of this chip is available for the Apple as a coprocessor but you need lots of RAM add
16. the INPUT key not until lt CR gt is pressed is the data POKEd into memory and therefore unretrievable with out starting over INPUT allows you as much time as needed to examine your data on the Monitor before pressing lt CR gt In this light I suggest the following changes addi tions for Statements 190 through 280 inclusively 190 HOME PRINT PRINT INPUT ENTER END OF INPUT SYMBOL lt RETURN gt EE REM lt CR gt IS THE DEFAULT VALUE 200 PRINT PRINT PRINT 210 INPUT SPECIAL FUNCTON KEY M 220 IF LEN M 0 THEN GOTO 290 REM END OF INPUT 230 I I 1 POKE I ASC M 128 REM START AT 7088 240 PRINT INPUT FUNCTION DEFINITION FD 250 FOR CHAR 1 TO LEN FD 260 DF MID FD CHAR 1 I I 1 POKE I ASC DF 128 270 NEXT CHAR 280 POKE I ASC DF PRINT PRINT GOTO 210 REM LOW BYTE MARKS END OF THIS FUNCTION MOVE TO NEXT ONE Notice that the default value of the End of Input Symbol is the lt CR gt making it compatible with the test in my Statement 220 If you wish a CTRL Q for exam ple as this Symbol then my Statement 220 should read 220 IF ASC M 17 THEN All in all the above changes are very minor with respect to Charlie s super utility They may not be worth the effort especially considering the one and only one drawback of using INPUT versus GET INPUT will not permit a trailing lt CR gt to be an actual part of you
17. 4575 Supertext II Doug Daje 301 868 5487 A I M Richard Untied 703 241 8678 Peter Rosden 301 229 2288 M Raymond Hobbs 301 490 7484 Word Handler Jon Vaupel 301 977 3054 P Dottie Acton 301 428 3605 Christopher Romero 703 471 1949 P Donn Hoffman 202 966 2616 Work Juggler e Carl Eisen 703 354 4837 LOGO Ron Murray eve 202 328 3553 Word Star Christopher Romero 703 471 1949 LISP Fred Naef 703 471 1479 Calls up until midnight are ok Lisa Don Kornreich 301 292 9225 Macintosh Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Donald Schmitt 717 334 3265 8 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi I felt like a kid in a candy store That s what most people say on their first visit to Software City Racks of software for business home education and recreation Ready for browsing Every one 1 discounted Come See Come Save Programs peripherals disks and accessories plus a complete selection of books and magazines SOFTWARE ALWAYS DISCOUNTED 11621 Nebel Streete Bethesda MD 20852 301 468 1001 Washington Apple Pi June 1984 9 Q amp A by Bruce F Field Q I recently purchased a used VISTA VISION 80 eighty the maximum length of your printer without any column card When I bought it I thought I would special statement If you type PRINT followed by be able to use it within Apple Writer II but I 80 X s and end quote you will get 80 columns can t figure out how to do it My question is
18. Apple may be rewriting the Lisa software to make it operable in a 512K envir onment If so the Lisa 2 5 can become an important computer able to run Lisa software and much if not all Macintosh software However at the moment at best this is a gleam in the programmers eyes It has not been announced and it is even possible that it will turn out not to be workable at all Hence right now the minimum configuration that will allow the operation of Lisa software and use of the hard disk is a Lisa 2 5 with an additional 512K of RAM giving the machine a full megabyte or a full gallon The full gallon Lisa will run the Desktop and all associated Lisa software somewhat faster than the original Lisa would However it is not cheap The extra 512K costs 1495 bringing the price of the contd Washington Apple Pi machine alone to 6000 To this must be added the software cost 295 for the Desktop and most of the programs LisaDraw and Lisa Project are 395 and LisaList is 195 MacWorks is an additional charge if you want it Hence a full working system sans printer will cost upwards of 7000 most likely cTose to 8000 Monitors SAFT Standby Power 88 DISCOUNT PRICES sss And that s just the 2 5 The top of the line is the Lisa 2 10 which instead of the external Profile has Amdek Color 1 an internally mounted 10 megabyte disk drive It is Amdek RGB Color II Grappler Printer Card pe clear une her e nN has actual ly i
19. Carroll Volume 204 The Master s Dungeon Volume 205 The Crystal Mountain Volume 206 The Lost Adventure Volume 207 The Manxone Foe Volume 120 IAC 16 Misc Volume 121 WAPABBS 1 1 Doc Volume 122 IAC 17 Misc Volume 123 French Vocabulary Volume 124 Utilities E Volume 125 IAC 18 Misc Volume 19 Comunications Volume 20 Music Volume 126 Sights and Sounds Volume 21 Apple Orchard Volume 127 Math Science Volume 128 Games D Pascal Volume 22 Utilities VI Volume 129 GLAQ Volume 23 Games VIII Volume 130 Diversi D0S Volume 300 PIGO ATTACH BI0S Volume 24 Games IX Volume 131 Personal Educ 2 Volume 301 PIGL Volume 302 PIG2 Volume 303 PIG3 Volume 304 PIG4 Volume 305 PIG5 Volume 306 PIG6 Volume 25 Utilities VII Volume 307 PIG7 e Volume 26 Stocks Investments Volune 27 Math Volune 28 Planetfinder Volume 29 Utilities VIII Volume 30 Games X Volume 31 Plot Utilities Volume 32 Games XI Volume 33 Accounting Volume 34 Solar Tutor Volume 35 Garden Management Volume 36 Games XII Volune 37 Utilities IX Volume 38 Games XIII Volume 39 IAC VII Volume 40 IAC VIII Volume 132 IAC 19 Utilities F Volume 133 IAC 20 Pascal amp DOS 3 3
20. Don Schmitt Jumper Block Super Serial Card MODEM switch amp jumper block settings TERMINAL June 1984 57 VERSION tf ond In last month s President Corner there was a reference a ee tale ol DMeMay Jr PROGRAM NAME to a listing of the most recent version numbers of In Search of Host Amaz Thing well known commercial products Due to time and space Juggie s Rainbow limitations the listing was not included in the May k inder conp Journal If you find that you have a more recent Learning Line The version than the number shown or have a raceme verte Master Type of those shown without version nos please ca _or Micro LADS write us with the numbers We will revise the list AA Step S by S Two and republish it Rhymes and Riddles Rocky s Boots Shifty San PROGRAM NAME PUBLISHER CAT VERSION DATE aaeper Troops secresascese szasseece ees easeces azue Spellakazam BPI General Account ing Apple BUS Stickybear BPI System Apple BUS Story Machine dBase U1 Ashton Tate BUS 2 4 Success with Nath Incredible Jack Business Solutions BUS Sweet Shoppe Multiplan Microsoft BUS Terrapin Logo PFS File Software Publishing BUS Tic Tac Show PFS Graph Software Publishing BUS Type Attack PFS Report Software Publishing BUS Typing Tutor Quick File e Appte Bus 1 0 Wizard of Words Risk Simulator Acturarial Microcom Soft BUS Spreadsheet The Catt A P P L E BUS 2 0 Apple Mechanic State of the Art System State of the Art bus Apple Mechanic Typeface
21. Epson or Qume printer 2 Because AppleWorks is in ProDOS its text files can t be read by other text reading soft ware that s in DOS 3 3 unless you convert them with the ProDOS to DOS conversion utility on the separate ASCII ProDOS system master disk That also means most teleconmunications programs like ASCII Express or Transend can t transmit AppleWorks files at least until they are upgraded to ProDOS versions 3 The word processor doesn t show double or triple spacing on screen and it adjusts for line widths by moving only the right margin Thus the lines are accurate in length but not exactly as they d be on paper 4 The spreadsheet is larger and faster than VisiCalc but lacks some calculating functions used by specialists 5 Unlike lacks graphics some integrated software AppleWorks 6 For mouse fans the current version of Apple Works doesn t use the rodent Future versions may do so Apple hints amp Binary Tales contd from pg 45 the Apple c which supports the 65C02 chip CPU is architecturally the same as the 6502 but the This microcoding the instructions which the chip under stands has been expanded from the 6502 version allowing such operations as unconditional branches pushing and popping the X and Y registers and a more flexible structure for indirect addressing It may be worth noting that future tutorials on 6502 Assembly Language Programming will include a discus
22. Macintosh Ranageaent Manageeent Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Pascal Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Word Proc Word Proc Word Proc Word Proc Data Base Management for the Apple Data Managesent Techniques Everyaan s Data Base Prieer Wadsworth 1983 Byers 1982 Addison Wesley Book of Apple Software 1983 Stanton 1983 90 Addison Wesley Book of Apple Software 1994 Stanton 1984 90 Apple If Software Directory Vol I Business WIDL 1979 Blue Book for the Apple Coaputer 1982 WIDL 1981 80 Blue Book for the Apple Cosputer 1983 4 WIDL 1983 80 CP M Software Finder Creative Cosputing Software Buyer s Guide InfoWorld s Guide to Nicro Software LIST Digital 1983 Cr Comp 1983 InfoWorld 1982 Leonsis 1983 PC Clearinghouse Software Directory 1983 Wright 1983 Skarbek Software Directory Ird Edition Swift s 1982 83 Educational Software Direct Swift Skarbek 1982 1982 80 Swift s 1983 84 Educational Software Direct Swift 1983 The Index The Investor s Guide to Software The Reader s Guide to Microcosputer Books Vanloves 1983 Apple II III Software Direct Coaputers and Reading Instruction Computers in Teaching Mathematics Courseware in the Classroon Graded Probleas tn Cosputer Science Nicrocoaputers and the 3 r s Mindstores Practical Guide to Cosputers in Educat
23. Pape Specity Printer or is only available in demonstration models It costs 1000 more than the 2 5 or 7000 for the hardware NEC 1260 Green Buffered Grappler Plus alone if purchased with the full megabyte of memory NEC Color Composite Soltcard Premium The 2 10 has several advantages over the 2 5 First System Ite of course the hard disk has twice the storage capaci Modems ty Moreover it is internally mounted and can t slip Wardstar off the top of the machine or take up desk space D C Hayes Wordstar with Applicard Finally although the speed of the ProFile was Micromodem II e Satum Accelerator II improved in the latest release of the Lisa operating D C Hayes system and dis said to be improved even more in a Videx Videoterm forthcoming release the internal drive is signifi 300 Baud Smartmodem Stock Option Analysis Program cantly faster than the ProFile Those who have seen D C Hayes H amp H Scientilic demonstrations have estimated that it is two to five 1200 Baud Smartmodem Stock Option Scanner times as fast If so given the extra space and the H amp H Scientili large storage requirements of the Lisa Desktop and ientilic programs about 2 3 megabytes the 10 megabyte drive is well worth the extra 1000 for those who can afford Printers g Toshiba P1350 That s the rundown as of the end of March Those on Toshiba P1351 LJK Letter Perfect the edge between buying a Macintosh or a Lisa are NEC 3510 Spinwriter Visicale
24. The con fusion has been confounded by the excitement surround ing Macintosh s delivery and ambiguous and somet imes misunderstood press releases What follows is I believe all accurate and verified by observation except when it is clearly labeled rumor It may be helpful to those contemplating the adoption of one of the members of the family Macintosh jis the baby and much written about It comes with 128K of RAM and a single 400K internal disk drive Apple has announced plans to make an 800K double sided disk drive available but has not announced a date and speculation suggests this will not come out until 1985 An external currently 400K later 800K disk drive will be available within months Other manufacturers have announced hard disk drives for the Mac 5MB and up nothing has yet appeared Operation with the single disk drive requires many disk swaps for serious work and takes about 5 minutes to copy a single full disk Apple has designed the Macintosh to be upgradable to 512K of RAM and indeed some value added retailers have sold 512K Macs However Apple s own release of these high memory machines is awaiting a price drop in 256K RAM chips Rumor now says this will not be before 1985 Early purchasers will be able to upgrade at a charge said to approximate the cost of the new chips Since the RAM chips are soldered onto the board the upgrade will be performed by a dealer who will swap motherboards
25. Three questions regarding THE Spreadsheet 2 0 First Can this program be set up to access a e Q In Apple Writer e I have trouble getting the extended memory board for the additional 64K second line of an indented sentence from tabbing to memory Second Is it possible for a IF to return the previously made tab setting In other words a blank cell Note this is different from the NA when making an outline with a series of 5 spaces function Third Is there a sort routine 10 spaces 15 spaces tab settings the wrapped available There was a program published in Nibble around line of a 10 Space setting goes back to the January 84 to sort a VisiCalc DIF file by left margin and won t move over to the 10 space generating move commands that are then loaded in setting Any help would be appreciated Would this work with THE Spreadsheet A You are exactly right The tab settings are for A THE Spreadsheet 2 0 will not work with the e convenience when typing in material Think of them extended memory board plugged into the auxilary as a shorthand way of typing in a bunch of spaces slot It will however find almost any other kind They have no effect on the next line What you of memory card plugged into the regular expansion want to do is to change the left margin This is slots For your second question GIF cannot return not actually too difficult Everytime you want to a blank cell The sort routine published in NIBBLE indent include Im 5 in your
26. a penetrating liquid which lifts the existing ink from the pores of the cloth Regardless after three recommendations one from a person claiming over a year of experience I think that this risk is mini mal or nonexistent My own experience for what it is worth is that the first ribbon I re inked has created no problems So unless I have sparked a controversy as heated as the great whether to use both sides of the single sided disk debate happy economizing on ribbon purchases References Cary Lu The Apple Macintosh Book 1984 page 209 oo RECORD MASTER THE COMFLETE DATA BASE PROGRAM 59 95 Read what users and software re taliers have sald Easiest to use data base prograa I ve seen Packed with features should be a winner PFS can t chapare Record Master does twice as auch at 1 4 the price Documentation looks great Solved the probleas I had with Visifile dard to believe you get this such for 59 95 Please don t be aisled by the low price RECORD MASTER is full featured and very easy to use Use it for addresses bills church club records client and esployee data collections inventory investaents sales student re cords or any other data which need order and control RECORD MASTER performs ali standard data base functions SEARCH VIEW DELETE PRINT REPORTS SORT UPDATE TOTAL AVG And Much More No disk swapping is i
27. and everything is normal again UNTIL 3 lt RESET gt Now a lt CTRL F gt serves once again as a puts our filter s address back into KSW Macro alert signal Note I ve got an Apple J and only lt CTRL RESET gt works as if it were an Apple e per Charlie s article All of the above is done by a paltry 139 bytes Let s look further This time assume that all of our Macro single byte descriptors and Functions are din the caboose In other words assume that we are BRUN ing a self sufficient code That which is actually BRUNing consists of the 28 bytes of code between lines 33 47 inclusively All that is accomplished by these 28 bytes is to store the proper addresses at the cor rect intercept points We should recognize the last 11 of these 28 bytes starting at the label CONN Here we place the BEGinning address of Charlie s filtering routine at the Key input SWitch KSW Immedtately following this we return to Applesoft via the equivalent of CALL 976 If we failed to do this DOS would tenaciously re hook itself place the address FDIB back into KSW and thereby wipe out the presence of Charlie s filter The same effect can be had via JMP O3EA or CALL 1002 however JMP 0300 also initializes registers that enable lt RESET gt to accomp lish what it s supposed to With this in mind then JMP 0300 is used The leading 17 bytes of the 28 byte string pertains to the function of lt RESE
28. at 301 490 7484 Pascal Interest Group meets on the third of each month at 7 30 PM at the Club Office SIG Mac see SIG Mac News elsewhere in this issue STOCKSIG meetings are on the second Thursday at 8 00 PM at the WAP office Call Robert Wood 703 893 9591 Telecomm SIG usually meets after the regular WAP meeting A special June 11 meeting is planned see details eleswhere in this issue amp Homeinform Information on Store Names Sales Events Restaurants Theatres Gifts Metrobus Schedules and Much More Computer Access Number 703 893 0874 June 1984 5 MINUTES SUMMARY OF APRIL BOARD MEETING The Executive Board of Washington Apple Pi Ltd met on April 18 1984 at 7 30 PMat the WAP office Information was given on USUHS guard payment Treas urer s report on insurance coverage tax liability and accountant report membership trends publishing latest versions of programs applications for secre tary receptionist calendar for the Journal IAC and Call A P P L E Old business discussed included a committee report on direction of WAP and the Pascal publication New business included Bylaws changes to expand the Board an extra disk drive for software library copiers software library request from Prince William County schools selling WAP T shirts acquir ing Echo II and preparation for a full audit APRIL GENERAL MEETING WAP Ltd met at USUHS on April 28 1984 at 10 00 AM Q amp A volu
29. background WHY LEARN PASCAL After BASIC Pascal is the most widely used language for programming micros For example all system pro gramming at Apple Computer is done in Pascal except when machine language code must be produced by an assembler The College Boards have selected Pascal as the language that high school students must learn to prepare for the Computer Science Advanced Placement Tests Because of Pascal s structure it is easier to read and write Pascal programs than BASIC programs Finally Pascal is more standardized than BASIC with the result that a Pascal program can be converted to run on other computers much more easily that programs written in languages such as BASIC The course is open to anyone who has a UCSD Pascal compiler for their computer computers other than Apple J s are welcome We will also try to point out differences with Mac and Lisa Pascal if owners of those machines enroll If you want to be a part of the structured program ming revolution fill out the application form in the back of the Journal or call the office Here is a course outline It is based upon Dr Wo s prior WAP Tutorials The basic text is Apple Pascal a hands on approach by Luehrmann and Peckham which is included with every copy of Apple Pascal PREREQUISITES 1 Bring your own Pascal compiler and text editor and know how to use the editor For example if you have Apple J Pascal master the first two chapte
30. chromosomes were broken during the set of cell divisions that form the sex cells the sperm and egg contraction The chromo somes somehow rejoined in a crossways fashion creat ing new combinations of genes on the involved chromo somes More recent theories suggest some kind of sequential copying process that begins at one end of the chromo some and copies its way toward the other If such a process is at work on a pair of chromosomes and each gets derailed over to the other chromosome similar results would ensue If we recall that a Logo procedure is a set of instructions arranged in a linear sequence we can with pure Logo abandon describe to ourselves how we can make a list procedures are only a special type of list which is composed of portions of one list and portions of another list Having done so we can Washington Apple Pi create lists a procedure that will cross over a pair of The final I hope part of this series will focus on the creation of lists which bear a family resemb lance to one another and of procedures which can evolve to match certain demands of our Logo environ ment Notes Last month I stated inaccurately that viruses had chromosomes they are entirely too small for that sort of structure Genetic material would be more appropriate The procedures listed above use a procedure described last month The procedure somewhat to definitions listed above are expanded
31. collection Disk 203 FEAST OF CARROLL E 32 by Daniel and Jonathan Lilienkamp St Louis Mo First Prize You and your friends Otho the Dragon Slayer and Morlok the Wizard spent last night together in the Main Hall celebrating the feast of Carroll the one day each year that all three moons of Eamon are full You wake up bewildered in a very mysterious place with riddles engraved on the walls Disk 204 THE MASTER S DUNGEON E 33 by Jeff Seeck Itasca I1 Second Prize Disk 205 THE CRYSTAL MOUNTAIN E 34 by Ken Seattle Wa Honorable Mention Hof fman Disk 206 THE LOST ADVENTURE E 35 by Jeff Seeck Honorable Mention I guess that multiple entries from the same author were allowed Disk 207 THE MANXOME FOE E 36 by Ray Olszewski Menlo Park Ca Honorable Mention You awake in an ornately furnished victorian parlor and the first thing that you see is a kitten walk through a mirror HOW TO USE AN EAMON DISK Disk 181 is required to play any of the Eamon adven tures Boot Disk 181 and you will automatically run a greeting program that asks your name sex etc Your character will then be checked against a file of pre Flatt experience You may then enter the Main Hall where you can purchase arms and supplies After your shop ping spree you will be prompted to insert a program disk and type a C to continue At this point you may remove Disk 181 from Drive 1 and place another adventure Di
32. computers Come prepared to discuss your experiences All EDSIG meetings are held in the Auditorium Build ing B of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on the campus the National Naval Medical Center 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda MD Meeting Report Tuesday May 1 at 7 30 p m Applications of Commercial Software in Education Betty Manchak Betty Manchak is media specialist at the Bethesda Chevy Chase High School a school with 1800 very diverse students of fifteen nationalities When the microcomputers first arrived at the school very few members of the staff knew anything about computing but now fully half of them have taken courses in computer literacy and in computer lan guages There are 21 computers in the school build ing 15 in the laboratory 4 in the science depart ment one in alternative education and one in the media department All are Apples In the lab the pupils learn BASIC problem solving the use of word processing Apple Writer Quickfile and PFS File DB Master VisiCalc now taught to all students and Pascal By agreement between the companies and the computer department each machine has its own disk of VisiCalc There are fifteen sets of PASCAL and the pupils get into some complex programming the current expert is a ninth grader Much of the learning is informal some students simply take the manual off into a corner and learn it all f
33. equivalent MICROSOFT BASIC PROGRAMMING I 6 hrs 65 May 17 24 31 6m 8pm Hands on instruction in basic programming for CP M based computer users Classroom exercises and optional homework assignments MICROSOFT BASIC PROGRAMMING II 6 hrs 65 June 7 14 21 6pm 8pm Learn additional programming techniques in CP M Microsoft Basic Classroom exercises and homework assignments Prerequi site Microsoft Basic Programming or equivalent COMPUTER CAMP FOR KIDS 10 hrs 110 June 2 9 16 23 30 2 4pm Optional Lab with instructor 4 5pm Introduce your child to the world of small computers Hands on programming and instruction in practical applications INTRODUCTION TO SPREADSHEETS 2 hrs 40 April 26 or June 28 6 8pm Create useful financial models for your business using two popular spreadsheet programs VisiCalc and Multiplan OVERVIEW OF THREE SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 2 hrs 30 April 2 9 23 May 8 15 22 June 5 12 19 6pm 8pm This two hour overview course is for computer owners who would like to see what the capabilities of their computer are This hands on class demonstrates three major applications Word Processing Spreadsheets and Databases The Learning Center also provides custom designed instruction on site or in our classroom Course dis counts available with system purchases For details and inquires contact us at either one of our two locations Clinton Maryland 301 856 2500 or Alexandria Virginia 703 838 9718
34. improve their readability If a more compact version is desired eliminate the use of local variables and shorten the name of the input amp DEALER S CORNER Good news for AJ letter quality printer owners see back cover of the Journal The cost of an AJ main tenance contract has been drastically reduced New price on shop maintenance is 12 month and for on site maintenance is 29 month Call Sean Belanger at AJ 840 5700 for further details G THE SMALL COMPUTER SUP PLIES STORE poti Surge and Spike SHOP BY PHONE a PRINT WHEELS WE SHIP BY UPS Diablo Plastic PRICES SLASHED inet iablo 620 ON RIBBONS B8 brand C compatible Epson FX MX RX 80 C 3 95 Epson MX FX 100 C 9 95 Prowriter NEC 8023 C 3 95 Diablo Hytype 2 Film C 3 50 Diablo Hytype 2 Film B 4 25 QUME Film C 1 90 QUME Film B 2 80 QUME IV Film C 3 45 NEC 5500 7700 Film C 3 30 NEC 3500 2000 Film 8 11 90 RELOAD YOUR OWN Diablo QUME NEC 7700 Smith Corona TP 1 Olivetti Olympia EC Daisywheel I Head Cleaning Kit 15 00 FLOPPY DISKS 5 1 4 ss dd Sentinel Kybe 3M Verbatim Brown ds dd Brown ds 96 tp Epson 80 NEC 8023 Itoh Epson 100 560 5900 8304 Hilltop Road Fairfax Virginia 22031 Merrifield Area Hours Monday thru Friday 9 5 Saturday 10 2 Clean Edge 18 amp 20 26 95 Labels 3 1 2x15 16 5k June 1984 15 DI SABLEDS IG MEW
35. like gears turning If you can t move it or if the motion is very rough the printer may have a serious problem Is the head pulley wire OK Most dot matrix printers along with typewriters that move the printing element and not the paper use an arrangement of wires pul leys and a motor to pull the head back and forth across the paper Look at the wire and make sure it is firmly attached and not loose detached or broken If you try moving the head and find it very loose with little or no resistance to being moved this may be where your problem lifes If the print head was taken out for any reason was it properly replaced The print head has a cable that carries information to it and attaches underneath or on a side away from the paper Was it disconnected if the head was taken out 3 Printer does not select when turned on PRINTER DOESN T WORK Dunham select or If there it SEL light the light is probably off is a select or SEL button try pushing a If the light turns on the printer is probably set to power on deselect You may want to set it to power on select and will have to see your printer manual for how to do that b The SEL light just flickers when the SEL button is pushed but doesn t stay on Do you have paper in the printer Some printers have a paper detector to pre vent their use without paper Your printer may have a carrier cover switch to keep the printer from
36. like the old admonishment goes too much of a good thing IF statements are branches in logic and as such are usually easy to follow Where the IF statement creates problems is when too many of them are put together especially if they end up in the same state ment Sometimes this is necessary for complicated program logic Most times it isn t Here s a common usuage from gaming programs It changes a variable TURN so that the program knows which player s turn it is 1100 TURNSTURN 1 7F TURN 3 THEN TURN 1 This is a two player game but it could just as easily be changed to include any number of players by chang ing the 3 to the number of players plus one There s nothing wrong with statement 1100 It serves its function quite well But what happens if you want to make some subsequent action whichever player s turn it is You have to put the action on the next line 1100 TURN TURN 1 IF TURN 3 THEN TURN 1 FOR I 0 TO 700 NEXT HOME GOTO 200 The rest of statement 1100 won t execute if it is now player 2 s turn Actually you have to take the original Tine 1100 out and make the remainder the next line Or you can take the IF statement out and replace it with another form of logic statement 1100 TURN TURN 1 TURN TURN lt gt 3 41 FOR I 0 TO 700 NEXT HOME GOTO 200 TURN If TURN is not equal to then the bracketed statement is true a condi tion that the computer takes as meaning 1 If it is false then the comp
37. name last month it was formerly called ASMSIG and although there were a few Tatecomers apparently everyone who was looking for us eventually found us We should be easier to find in May just look for our signboard The subjects of discussion were Making Good Use of Your Resources and Structured Program Design two topics which properly belong under a single heading because structuring data and code is the key to opti mizing resources on a computer Perhaps this felt a little awkward for the old hands at assembly lan guage but as the discussion turned toward Pascal and C everyone seemed to be more at home We will be continuing our discussions of data and program structures in all languages including BASIC and invite anyone who is interested to come and take part In the meantime here is a tip that we d like to share it s called the STUB When writing a complicated program with numerous sub routine calls it s frequently difficult to follow the program logic through all of the subroutine code especially in debugging Just write a STUB A stub is simply a RETURN that is your subroutine contains no code other than the return or sometimes enough code to print a message indicating that the program arrived safely at the subroutine That way the program logic can be tested easily and quickly and the code for the subroutine itself can be added later after the main program logic has been worked out H
38. need for floating point num Note MacForth uses 32 bit integers for all arithemetic operations bers that everything can be done in integer I m not Fig Forth uses 16 bit integers quite willing to accept that yet but many applica tions do not really require floating point FORTH amp Remember to Vote in the WAP Annual Elections 52 June 1984 Washington Apple Pit y A C mpl te Com unic tions Sy tem Many modem manufactures have offered you complete communications systems for the Apple computer Hayes offers you the Micromodem II A complete communications system without the software Zoom telephonics offers you the networker A complete communica tions system without the auto dialing We offer you the Axis APS modem our interpretation of what a complete communications system should be Built with our dedication to quality the Axis modem features 1 Micromodem II Software Compatability 2 Auto Dial 3 Auto Answer 4 1 5K Firmware Program for stand alone operation 5 The Axis Communicator Software 6 Stand Alone Operation no need for a serial interface 7 Full Half Duplex Operation 8 Serial Asynchronous Binary Data with options of 7 or 8 Data Bits 1 or 2 Stop Bits Odd Even or No Parity 9 300 BPS 10 Bell System 103 Compatability 11 1 2W Power Consumption 12 Documentation with Programming examples 13 User Friendliness installation amp use in less than 5 minutes 14 A One 1 Year Warranty The A
39. ons to make good use of it THE 68000 Apple Computer Inc uses Motorola s 68000 chip as the backbone of it s MacAnswer to the 8088 based personal Conputers The wren rn nn nnn ece cc een nn cen ncennne nee 68000 architec DATA REGISTER 00 ture 15 Subs totter ete wenn eee e errr nn nnn ence enone stantially DATA REGISTER 01 different from ener eennnnnnnn nn ence ne een nnn e nnn that of the In DATA REGISTER 02 tel or Zil0g te r A A O chips It has DATA REGISTER 03 eight 32 bit rer r nn rere renter nn renee nec nnneene data registers DATA REGISTER 04 any one Of which sore r rere nnn nn rrr rere cee nn cee ee nn may be used for DATA REGISTER D5 arithmetic bit manipulation or DATA REGISTER 06 1 0 operations rrre reer n nnn rrr eee e nnn nnn e ne nnne eight 32 bit ad DATA REGISTER D7 dress registers wccrrr rents seen nnn nnn nnn nn nn nnn a 32 bit stack ADDRESS REGISTER A0 pointer a 329 iacere a a a ses eaa bit program ADDRESS REGISTER Al Counter and 2 rrr rrr etn errr rter scree te osaid 16 bit status ADDRESS REGISTER A2 or flag regis nnr renner ne nn nnn renee errr ee nee ter ADDRESS REGISTER A3 The program 000 cueaperarrcresesesernseasoseecese mer operates in ADDRESS REGISTER A4 One of two prom lt ss ettsseercemencnsseecesece sas gram modes su pervisor or user this implies that the 68000 77 2220 supports true ADDR REG A7 amp USER STACK
40. or MasterCard Cinclude card and expiration date personal checks allow 2 TRI STATE SYSTEMS weeks or money orders P O BOX 2544 7 s VA residents add 4 sales tox Springfield VA 22152 No credit card penalty Include 2 00 for shipping zE All software products on disk or call 703 569 9363 All prices subject to change without notice Hours GAM 6PM LEAVE MESSAGE e We carry a large line of discount 7PM 8PM CALLBACK M F software Write us for our free catalog Mad orders to Washington Apple Pi June 1984 41 10 REM PRODOS DATE STAMPING PROGRAM 20 REM 4 22 84 BY RICHARD LANGSTON 30 DIM A 3 40 HOME VTAB 10 PRINT Enter date 50 HTAB 1 VTAB 11 PRINT DD MMM YY 60 VTAB 11 FOR I 1 TO 2 GET A I PRINT A I NEXT CHR 8 OR A 2 70 IF A 1 GOTO 50 80 IF VAL A 1 0 AND A 1 J CHR 7 GOTO 50 90 IF VAL A 2 0 AND A 2 J CHR 7 GOTO 50 100 D VAL A 1 AS 2 IF D 0 THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 50 110 IF D 31 THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 50 120 REM MONTH 130 VTAB 11 HTAB 3 PRINT MMM YY HTAB 4 140 FOR I 1 TO 3 GET A I PRINT A I NEXT 150 IF A 1 CHR 8 OR A 2 CHR 8 OR A 3 CHR 8 THEN GOTO 50 160 M A 1 A 2 A 3 170 IF M JAN THEN M 1 180 IF M FEB THEN IF D 29 THEN CHR 7 GOTO 50 190 IF M MAR THEN 200 IF M APR THEN CHR 7 GOTO 50 210 IF M MAY THEN 22
41. perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President Both Vice Presidents shall perform other duties designated by the President or the Board of Directors 5 Article VIII Section 10 first sentence shall be amended to read meetings Each ballot may cast one vote for each office except that up to seven votes noncumulative may be cast for Director at large 7 Article IX Section 4 second sentence shall be amended to read Director at large The seven eligible candidates for with the greatest number of votes shall be elected Wiles 1S ENTRY TIP by Merle 3 ock oe The VisiCalc Instruction Manual teaches that where a label is to be typed into a cell and the first char acter of the label is not an alphabetic character a lt gt is to be typed That requires that one finger on one hand hold down the lt SHIFT gt key while a finger on the other hand presses the lt gt That can be done as a one finger operation as follows Press lt Q gt then lt ESC gt Actually any other alphabetic key wil work but lt Q gt is right next to lt ESC gt amp PATA THE SHOW MUST GO On by Richard Langston Beginning with the January Woz meeting the club has been videotaping the main speakers at the monthly By doing this the club is hoping to a way for members and nonmembers alike to see and benefit from the presentation We many provide the meeting would also like to begin videotaping
42. popular small computer Course includes three program disks NEW CP M OWNERS COURSE 4 hrs 100 Alternate Saturdays 9am 1pm Hands on instruction in this standard operating system A must for new owners of CP M based computers LOGO FOR TEACHERS 10 hrs 100 May 2 9 16 23 amp 30 6 8pm Workshop for teachers with no experience with this programming language for children Beginning concepts and practical methods for teaching LOGO in classroom APPLEWRITER Ile 2 1 2 hrs 46 April 24 May 29 or June 26 6 8 30pm Understand what a word processing system is and how it works Learn how to create revise letters and documents quickly and easily APPLESOFT BASIC PROGRAMMING I 6 hrs 65 May 7 14 21 6pm 8pm Hands on instruction for computer novices in this simple programming language Classroom exercises and optional homework assign ments APPLESOFT BASIC PROGRAMMING II 6 hrs 65 June 4 11 18 6pm 8pm Learn new Basic com mands and additional programming techniques Classroom exercises and homework assignments Prerequi site Basic Programming I or equivalent INTRODUCTION TO WORDSTAR 2 hrs 40 April 4 or June 6 6pm 8pm Learn how to create documents quickly and easily by using this popular word processing system ADVANCED WORDSTAR 4 hrs 80 April 5 amp 12 or June 13 amp 20 6pm 8pm Experiment with more advanced Wordstar commands and learn file merging techniques Prerequisite Wordstar I or
43. printed on your printer If you list your what can I do to enable me to use this card with Applesoft program it generally will be listed with Apple Writer II Is there a software patch I can a maximum of 40 characters per line To change the apply that will permit me to use my card Failing listing to 80 characters maximum per line use the that I have heard of the VIDEX 80 column pre boot following Applesoft command PRINT CHR 9 80N Will that work with my card One final question after your have turned your printer on with PRINT if I obtain the Dan Paymar lower case adapter will CHR 4 PRA1 This will usually work but it does I be able to use it from within Apple Writer 11 depend on your printer interface card If you have Thanks for your help a non standard card and it doesn t work look in your interface card manual often this is only a A To answer your questions in mostly random order few pages long to find the proper command Apple Writer II and e and most other commercial programs are copy protected This means that you Since it s not clear whether the above answers your are prohibited from copying as well as protected question or not let me continue If you want to from modifying the program Thus it is not print to your printer while in the 80 Column mode possible to apply software patches unless you first on the e you should first deactivate the 80 defeat the copy protection There are some copy column card and then turn on
44. purchased at the office or monthly meetings are 5 00 each PROGRAM DISKETTES Matled to you 1st 5 Members 6 00 ea Non members 9 00 ea remainder Members 5 00 ea Non members 8 00 ea DOS 3 2 DOS 3 3 contd Eamon contd Volume 1 Utilities I Volume 107 Games B Volume 189 Furioso Volume 2 Utilities II Volume 3 Games I Volume 4 Games II Volume 5 Games III Volume 6 Games IV Volume 7 Games V Volune 8 Utilities III Volume 9 Educational I Volume 10 Math Science Volume 11 Graphics I Volume 12 Games VI Volume 13 Games Volume 14 IAC Utilities IV Volume 15 Games VII Volume 16 Utilities V Volume 17 Graphics II Volume 18 Educational II Volume 108 IAC 10 Graphics Volume 190 The Magic Kingdom Volume 109 IAC 11 Applesoft Tutorial Volume 191 The Tomb of Molinar Volume 110 Personal Educat ton Volume 192 Lost Isl of Apple Volume 193 Abductor s Quarters Volume 194 Quest for Trezore Volume 195 Underground City Volume 196 Merlin s Castle Volume 116 IAC 14 Micromodem I Volume 197 Horgrath Castle Volume 117 Picture Packer Volume 198 Deathtrap Votume 111 Games C Volune 118 Utilities D Volume 199 The Black Death Volume 112 Utilities C Volume 113 Business B Volume 115 IAC 12 13 Misc Volume 119 IAC 15 Misc Volume 200 The Temple of Ngurct Volume 201 Black Mountain Volume 202 Nuclear Nightmare Volume 203 Feast of
45. rotating globe Plus it moves under mouse control DISK DUMP by R H Nicholson If you re a program mer you have probably wondered what secrets are hidden out there on that little 3 5 inch disk Well now you can know what s there in all of its gory hexadecimal detail This program allows you to look at any of the 800 or so blocks on the disk Share your discoveries with the rest of us in the form of a MacWrite document SHAPE by Mike Cohen This program allows you to draw with the Mouse and save your creation to the disk The saved file can then be used later by anoth er MS BASIC program to load an array for screen display MAC ERROR LIST The complete unexpurgated list of all the things that your Mac can do wrong We hope that you never need it Q DRAW NOTES Those with MS BASIC most likely have noticed by now Appendix E of the manual It lists the calls to the Macintosh ROM routines but that is all No description of their function no examples just viously played characters and if the character is a reference to an unavailable Apple manual Well new he or she will be added Every character has here are some of the details that Microsoft left out attributes such as agility and charm which grow with And many more amp 18 June 1984 Washington Apple P4 SIGMAC MEWS by Ellen L SIG Mac will meet after the main meeting to discuss general topics of interest to SIG members There will also be a second meeting on
46. singularly stands for a Macro such as RUN COPYA D1 PRINT CHR 4 OPEN FILENAME or PRINT SEE JANE RUN The unique leading characters for these three Macros might be C 0 and J respectively Immediately following these single byte descriptors is the actual Function for which each descriptor stands Examination of this Driver further reveals that the very first single byte descriptor is located at 708B before movement of the whole Macro Binary code to just under DOS at 9600 see the beginning of this article The first Func tion byte then follows at 708C with the Function continuing until its done Each Function byte has its high bit set by the Driver except for the very last byte of each Function For the latter the high bit is clear So that s how we tell when we are through with each Function we simply test the high bit Once we detect a byte with its high bit clear we know that the very next byte is another one byte descrip tor with its Macro Function following behind Now that we ve seen the sequential pattern of Macro single byte descriptors and Macro Functions we simply put these descriptors and Functions behind Charlie s 139 byte Leader to make a totally self sufficient code that can be BRUN The Applesoft Driver is used only once and that is to create and then store the de sired descriptor Function pairs behind the 139 byte Leader Once these pairs are stored the Driver is no longer required The re
47. than the one that ombed If you have a short attention span and just want to have some fun try this trick Press RESET type in immediate mode A 44513 Press RETURN type POKE A 0 press RETURN and then CATALOG Try replacing O with such numbers as 2 67 90 130 160 190 201 211 and 230 These give some rather special results QUESTION FOR HOMEWORK What is location 44513 What is the normal default for this location How do Integer and Text files catalog in various POKE 44513 s 4 What happens if you INIT a disk after typing POKE 44513 67 5 could you hide files with this trick Whore There will be a quiz Thursday morning amp sales order system SS An automated ordering system tor IMWICY distributorshipe Print CALL IN sheets Prepare SA 1 a Track MONTHLY PV BV Verify downline ORDER ACCURACY Track BACK CADERS Calculate year end INVENTORY Maintain a COMPUTERIZED price list e Available for the APPLE II e 99 95 PM International 3333 university blvd suite 502 kensington md 20895 gram bombs after a certain number of runs What to do about it Simple press RESET type PR 6 press mgvandngedi ie RESET type eas EEA atl at 10 FOR I 18 TO 255 idais Coane fae akeeheway Carpa ellon respectively 36 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi TAS CHEAPEST RE INKER by Walton francis I have grumbled mightily for several years at the rate at which my Epso
48. the first Thursday of each month at 7 30 PM in the WAP office This second meet ing will focus on programming and no special expert ise is needed to participate At our last meeting one member brought his copy of Inside Macintosh which describes the Mac s ROM rou tines Tt appears that you do not have to be an Apple Certified Software Developer to receive a copy Just send 150 to Apple and wait Inside Macintosh was T ae as a philosophy manual written in assemb ler Creative Logic has released the first version of Forth for the Mac at a cost of 150 This is an ele mentary program MacFORTH uses standard Mac concepts The tutorial on the disk is not very good if you don t know Forth you will have to learn through another manual MacFORTH uses 32 bit integer arithme tic It supports the Imagewriter and you can create you own pull down menus Creative Logic is good on updates and all disks can be copied MacFORTH Ver sion 2 will contain assembler and advanced graphics for 250 For software developers there will be a third version for 2 500 that will also provide licen sing for several hundred copies of developed software Two versions of the Finder the operating system are now available The version on the system master disk is 1 0 Apple Finder 1 1 is now available Another program Disk Copy will allow copying of disks in 4 swaps rather than 9 Most dealers are not charging for this upgrade A revised MacWrite w
49. the knowledge base This makes it easy to modify the rules attributes and hypotheses without the recoding that would be required by other line numbered pro grams It should also be noted that the knowledge base involved here is different from the more familiar database An AI knowledge base contains facts rules relationships scripts and other representations all requiring symbolic processing As discussed in Ref 3 this ts best done with a frames representation technique The heart of the frame management pseudodisk procedure is a Beagle Brothers program called DiskQuik This program makes the Apple e operate as if a disk drive was plugged into Slot 3 and provides 238 sectors of storage that is software accessible but does not interfere with the disk controller in Slot 6 Most of DiskQuik s routines are stored in the 64K auxiliary Memory so there is no conflict with Applesoft or DOS 3 3 More important DiskQuik has the hooks to make it compatible with P LISP T have been using it for several weeks without problems However the use of the auxiliary memory does require some modification to the expert program inference engine The revised scheme for the Vote workspace is depicted in Fig 2 and similar modifications were made for the Bill workspace The new function CHANGE FRAME should be installed as follows DEFINE CHANGEFRAME LAMBDA PROGN SETQ ACTIVE CAR SENATORLIST POKE 21910 3 OPENSEQ ACTIVE READSEQ
50. thus totaling 4495 one can buy a Lisa 2 5 This is a Lisa 2 0 Psi 2k RAM with a 5MB ProFile hard disk drive included Since the ProFile normally costs about 2000 this appears to be a good deal It is not quite as good as it seems however since purchasers of the Lisa 2 5 will normally have to pay extra for the MacWorks operating system Except for the ProFile the 2 5 is identical to the 2 0 The first version of MacWorks Apple has announced will not allow use of the ProFile Hence at the moment the hard disk is virtually useless Apple has stated that later releases of MacWorks will allow use of the hard disk for program and data storage but there is no firm word when that will happen Hence anyone who buys a Lisa 2 5 is in some sense gambling on the future At the moment the ProFile is virtually useless in such a configuration You will note that I said virtually Although Apple has not said this and indeed its literature denies the fact it appears that Lisa programs the Desktop LisaWrite and so forth will operate on a 512K Lisa with the hard disk installed At least one dealer has reported that he has successfully installed and run the Lisa Desktop and associated programs on a 512K machine The bad news however is that the programs in that environment run so slowly as to be almost unworkable The Desktop for example takes over 5 minutes to load from the hard disk This fact how ever leads to speculation that
51. today at the special Street 48 75 price I ve added 3 for City State ZIP shipping amp handling plus 5 sales Phone SESS tax if I m a Maryland resident Ocash Ocheck OVISA MasterCard Signed C t iC Card 2 Ep Washington Apple Pi June 1984 AM WHAT FAM by John A Love Almost this entire article is devoted to an absolutely exhilarating program written by Or Charlie Brown and presented in the December 1983 issue of Washington Apple Pi This program User Defined Programmable Function Keys allows the operator to generate Macros via Charlie s utility Once generated you BSAVE each set of Macros to disk for use anytime later Not only that but the byte length of each Macro set is limited only by the depth below DOS 9600 for a 48K system that you re willing to push HIMEM I will delve more deeply into Charlie s Binary code later on But for now suffice it to say that the resultant memory map looks like this 9600 7 DOS Macros 9 Binary Code Leader Binary Code HIMEM eee e Applesoft Code So each Macro set actually consists of both the 139 byte Binary Leader that sets up access to your Macros and the Macros themselves As I will point out later the 140th byte is the Special Function Key for the very first Macro in your set Charlie you saved me some with this one Some of the products on the market t
52. vertically stretched Whether all Mac software will run under MacWorks is unknown and at this time unknowable The preliminary version of MacWorks would not run either Microsoft Basic or Multiplan except for some demonstrations Presumably the official release version will run these programs but future 20 June 1984 Becker HIS SISTERS Jia compatability may depend on the extent to which programmers follow Apple s protocols And for graph ics programs the screen aspect ratios may be a problem Apple has stated that software can be written to take this into account but it is obviously not a simple matter as witness the fact that Apple s own MacPaint does not do so A more serious problem may be hardware incompatabil ity The Lisa simply does not have the same outputs on the back that the Macintosh does Hence periphe rals designed for the Macintosh will need adaptation for the Lisa In some cases the adaptation may be as simple as changing the shape of the connector In other cases it may be impossible unless Apple releases a card for one of the three Lisa slots that will give Mac like interfacing I do not know whether this jis even technicaly possible and Apple has said nothing on the matter Among the interfaces missing on the Lisa is the Mac s connector for a second micro disk drive Lisa owners hence may be limited to the internal drive plus whatever hard disk drive they may choose to acquire For an extra 1000
53. working when the cover is off Is the cover on correctly If it is and the SEL light is still not staying on take off the cover and try to find where the cover switch sometimes called a case interlock switch is Hold it down and try the SEL button again This button switch could be broken c The SEL Tight doesn t even flicker but the printer seems OK The light could be burnt out 4 Printer self test produces bad results Some printers have the capability to do a self test producing a nice repeating pattern of all of the print characters This is a good way to check for problems with the printer If instead of the pattern you get a Nothing The button pushed for the self test may be broken The ribbon cable bringing power to the print head may not be correctly plugged in or may have a break in the line The printer head may not be correctly inserted or may be broken b Only the top or bottom half of the characters prints The thin metal shield which rides along in front of the print head on some printers may be pushed slightly out of position which can happen while changing ribbons It should be level Try pushing it back to a level position The ribbon may not be correctly inserted Check to see that it is not folded over It may be defective and be miscut or partially uninked Try another c A horizontal line in the characters does not print The printer pins are not all firing you may need a new print head
54. 0 IF M JUN THEN CHR 7 GOTO 50 230 IF M JUL THEN 240 IF M AUG THEN 250 IF M SEP THEN CHR 7 GOTO 50 260 IF M OCT THEN 270 IF M NOV THEN CHR 7 GOTO 50 280 IF M DEC THEN M 12 290 IF M 0 THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 130 300 REM YEAR 310 VTAB 11 HTAB 7 PRINT YY HTAB 8 320 FOR I 1 TO 2 GET A I PRINT A I NEXT 330 IF A 1 CHR 8 OR A 2 CHR 8 THEN 130 340 IF VAL A 1 O AND A 1 J 0 THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 310 350 IF VAL A 2 0 AND A 2 CHR 7 GOTO 310 360 Y VAL A 1 A 2 IF Y O THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 310 370 IF M 2 ANDO D 29 ANDY 4 C INT Y 4 THEN PRINT CHR 7 GOTO 50 REM LEAP YEAR 380 GET A IF A CHR 8 THEN 50 390 REM POKE INFO 400 Y Y 2 IF MC 7 THENY Y 1 410 POKE 49041 Y 420 IF MC 7 THENM M 8 430 M M 32 D 50 M 440 POKE 49040 0 CHR 8 THEN 0 THEN PRINT C 0 THEN PRINT PRINT oa fw N IF D 30 THEN PRINT IF 0 30 THEN PRINT on w wow IF O 30 THEN 10 11 IF D 30 THEN PRINT PRINT t zz z z zz n aw 0 THEN PRINT Another of ProDOS s useful features is machine identi fication MACHIO byte located at 8F98 49048 is set as follows IF BIT 3 0 THEN Bits 7 6 OO II Ol II 10 e 11 in emulation mode Bits 5 4 O0 unused O1 48K not supported 10 48K 11 128K Bit 3 O normal system id in bits 7 6 1 fu
55. 08 8000 Assembly Address Monitor The reason for this is revealed by further i examination of the above mentioned Autostart ROM T SEID Eau tees IR hA KSW Listing 16 WAPY EQU SO3F2 jApplesoft Warm Start 4 v B6F Set Bits of WAPY Not only have we left our intercept routine with the i6 tty Edu 3 sDupes WAPV Function byte in the Accumulator but we also lines 19 ROKEY EQU FOOC Reads Keyboard 90 93 put the address of the label DFN into the A Se zu ie akey Anpue SMIEER KSW Okay we ve left But only for a momemt be iner cause upon the next automatic iteration of looking beeen ah ve iketurn ALA ea for more input we re in the second pass through the 24 SAVE EQU 08 kones kayoresse filter and a second indirect JuMP to KSW is effected 25 CP EQU 28 iCursor position But this time KSW points to DFN whereupon the 26 LEFT EQU 24 Left Margin 34 June 1984 Washington Apple P1 A9 65 80 A9 65 80 20 A9 85 A9 85 Ac 20 C9 FO C9 DO 20 20 4C 20 85 A9 85 A9 85 AO Bl FO c5 FO 20 Bl 30 20 00 t6 00 E6 60 4c 705D 705F 7061 7063 7065 7068 706A 706C 706 7070 7072 7075 7077 7079 7078 707D Ag 85 Ag 85 00 91 A0 8l 10 20 AS c9 00 al 60 707E 707f 7081 7083 7085 48 Ag 85 A9 85 oc 03 03 FB 03 FD FE 03 FO 70 70 Fo 115
56. 1205 green aeber anti glare screen 20Mhz JB 1260 12 green 15Mhz best value for Boney UST PI 2 12 green anti glare screen 20 Mhz PI 3 12 asaber anti glare screen 20 Mhz MODEMS Hayes Micromodes JCe tone dialing speaker Ssartcoa I Seartsodea 300 300 baud AS 232 direct connect Seartmodem 1200 300 1200 baud as above Novation Apple Cat II w Cosware 1200 baud capable Saart Cat 300 R5 232 direct connect Seart Cat 300 1200 as above J Cat 300 miniature AS 232 direct connect Zooa Telephonics Networker 300 baud card w software US Robotics Password 300 1200 baud a o dial answer Anchor Automation Marh 12 300 1200 bauc Voltsaodea 300 baud RS 232 PRINTERS Epson FX 80 160 cps tractor single sheet graphics FX 100 wide carriage version of the above RX B0F T 100 cps tractor single sheet graphics LQ 1500 200 cps fantastic letter quality sode Okidata 92 160 cps graphics BEST print for price 93 132 column version of above Toshiba 1340 144 cps draft BEST letter qual aatrix Texas Instrusents TI 855 150 cps draft 35 cps MQ 10S Prisa 80 200 cps color sheet feed options avail Gesini 10X 120 cps tractor single sheet graphics 15X wide carriage sase features as Epson MX C Itoh F 10 Starwriter 40 cps daisywheel best for A 10 18 cps version of the above 449 259 249 323 225 34 275 5 239 145 155 289 159 110 18 155
57. 2 425 00 Epson RX 80 RX 80 F T 22 222 c eee eee 360 00 FX 80 F T 2cceeneaeees 460 00 FX 100 s ssunonseosanuss o 690 00 LQ 1500 22 2 1225 00 Grappler wscccancatceeeeseee 120 00 Buffered Grappler 22222 170 00 PRKASOS Ure bce Wc be 06 6 a6 ew oce 0 6 20 ShuffleBuffer 64K 6222 2050 00 ShuffleBuffer 128K 325 00 Printer Stand short 20 long 25 Hayes Smartmodem 1200 w Terminal Program amp CCS SERIAL card 650 00 Prometheus Promodem 1200 w Terminal Program amp CCS SERIAL card 550 00 CP M CARD CP M 3 0 Guides 285 00 SuperSprite Graphics Pkg eee 320 00 NETWORX Filtered Power Tree 54 00 Taxan Amber Monitor 1350 00 Videx Function Strip 2 90 00 TG Track Ball csecaaanessene 39 00 Wico Joysticks 3 way Deluxe 30 00 Koala Pad Touch Tablet 85 00 Micro Sci Disk Drive A2 225 00 Quentin Disk Drive 222222 225 00 FingerPrint MX RX Series 45 00 FX Series 52 50 Verbatim diskettes 88 DD 23 00 10 200 00 100 DS DD 32 00 10 290 00 100 Head Cleaning Kits asanaaccanane 2600 In stock word processing utilities and game specials Epson Printer Utility condensed italic boldface etc 25 00 Record Master Complete Data Base System 2 2 een n enna 90 The Artist cce ence e ree ncacnee D200 Super Text 40 80 TI II 55 00 VESIGOX seccaevestacsacescaecie 14 Desk Top Plan II 2 2 130 00 Ampersoft
58. 2543 IBM Compatible Jerry 871 6962 TAVA runs Lotus U S made Call FOR SALE Bufferboard by Orange Micro print buffer with 32K Unused in original packing 200 or best offer 454 6729 days 829 8863 eves APPLE HELP Personal help with almost any Apple prob Sat 10 AM to except meeting Sat lem including custom data bases real time control 12 00 to 3 30 PM meeting Sat only systems hardware problems Diversified experience reasonable rates Call Steve Knowles 767 2891 g 6 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi TELECOMM IG bY Dave Harvey The Telecomm SIG met after the WAP meeting on April 28 A number of items were discussed One of the first was an announcement by George Kinal that he was looking for someone that could plan the programs for the Telecomm SIG meetings so that they could be more structured There were no volunteers George announced that the serial cards that he had ordered had arrived and he will be picking them up next week He ordered about six of the Apple Comm card clones He said that maybe a session could be planned at the office to help people modify the serial cards for the 1200 baud and the interrupt capability Some soldering is involved in modifying the boards for this capability and not everyone knows how to do this operation Someone asked for advice on what modem to buy A number of brands were mentioned but the final con clusion was that the buyer must make his own decision on w
59. 3 till 11 Bob Kosciesza 2301 Douglas Court Silver Spring MD 20902 301 933 1896 till 10 Richard Rowell 1906 Valley Stream Drive Rockville MD 20851 301 770 5260 7 11 202 651 5816 9 4 Ron Waynant 13101 areon SWE Laurel 301 P ic 10 30 CONSULTING amp TEACHING Gene Cartier 6026 Haverhill Court Springfield VA 22152 703 569 8450 till 10 Bruce Field 1402 Grandin Avenue Rockville MD 20851 301 340 7038 till 10 Pete Jones 1121 N Arlington Blvd N Arlington VA 22209 703 430 1606 7 10 Mark Pankin 1018 North Cleveland St Arlington VA 22201 703 524 0937 till 10 Jim Taylor 16821 Briardale Road Derwood MD 20855 301 926 7869 ti11 10 Dave Weikert 17700 Mill Creek Drive Derwood MD 20855 301 926 4461 7 10 ex and weekends amp cept Thur DATA BASE WORD PROCESSING BUSINESS PROGRAMS ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS BUSINESS SYSTEMS OPERATION PROCEDURES WRITTEN e PERSONAL TUTORING CLASSES TAUGHT FOR YOU OFFICE CENTERED TRAINING Staff Hand Holding a Specialty Leon H Rasely L C S W LRO ie Washington Apple Pi 460 0754 Apple following persons It will be at the discretion of Why are you using diskettes with black jackets Because you have no choice Now you do SUNSTAR offers you high quality diskettes with the advantage of color And they are guaranteed SUUSTAR Premium Diskettes in Color
60. 4K text file while ProOOS takes only 36 seconds Similarly DOS 3 3 requires 210 seconds to read the same file while ProDOS needs only 34 seconds On the other hand ProDOS requires 166 seconds to solve a 5000 element matrix of prime numbers while DOS 3 3 needed only 114 seconds The program used came from BYTE January 1982 page 54 ProDOS automatically stamps the day month year and time a file is created and when it was last modified in the catalog The official ProDOS clock is the ThunderClock It is possible to write a patch to read this information from another clock simply by modify tng the three bytes from BF06 BF08 and writing your own routine The actual date is stored in bytes BF90 BF93 49040 49043 The format of these bytes is as follows bytes BF93 and BF92 store the hour and minute and bits 1 7 of BF91 contain the year The MSB most significant bit of the month is stored in bit 0 of BF91 with the rest of the month stored in bits 7 5 of BF90 with bit 5 the LSB least significant bit The day is stored in bits 0 4 of BF90 The following program will store the date in ProDOS for users without clock cards contd Washington Apple Pi lle amp Franklin Computers MENU DRIVEN SOFTWARE for Apple I DOWNLOAD CUSTOM FONTS amp CHARACTERS TO EITHER OF THESE PRINTERS EPSON FX 80 OKIDATA 92 93 C ITOH PROWRITER 8510AP APPLE DOT MATRIX FONT DOWNLOADER amp EDITOR COPYRIGHT 1963
61. 6502 Assembler Pro0OS Tool Kit These manuals are bound in a single 80 column card 80 black pressboard binding and contain virtually all of the text of the manuals as they will be printed 16K RAM card 40 Graphics and program listings however are not included os f Parallel printer card cable 59 included Finished versions of the ProDOS User s Manual comes 2 with PraDOS and is now available from authorized Apple EPSON MX80 F T printer CALL dealers The other manuals with accompanying soft ware will soon be for sale as well EPSON FX80 printer SYNCO 12 amber monitor Q8 Q Oo S Ee Apple has also donated a copy of Apple e Design Guidelines a short but nevertheless very useful MHz publication for software authors both professional and amateur It gives instructions as to how authors should design user interfaces based on Apple s ZENITH 12 reen monitor 89 extensive and expensive work in human systems ZVM 123 engineering For example Apple recommends that the Q command always be used to quit a program so that the user not think Q means query or question and exit a program by mistake This publication which is not generally available through dealers should be read by everyone who is interested in writing soft ware whether for the Apple e c Macintosh or even shudder the IBM PC amp AMDEK color I plus 13 monitor 289 MITAC professional joystick 22 metal case with 2 bu
62. ACTIVE SETQ FACTS1 READ CLOSE SETQ FACTS CONS FACTS CDAR FACTS1 SETQ NAME CAAR FACTS1 SETQ SENATORLIST CDR SENATORLIST ai conta June 1984 47 Figure 2 In addition in order to load the bill attributes a new function SETBILL should be installed as listed here DEFINE SETBILL LAMBDA PROGN POKE 21910 3 OPENSEQ BILL READSEQ BILL SETQ FILE READ CLOSE SETQ FACTS CAR FILE Finally to functions the follows provide the blackboard and POSTVOTE function will be vote tally needed as DEFINE POSTVOTE LAMBDA FPUT BLACKBOARD NAME ECOVOTE CAADADA FACTS INTEGRATION WITH THE EXPERT PROGRAM Another objective of this project is to create a reusable expert shell that can be used for other applications without major modifications Some read ers feel that senate vote prediction is a trivial problem and is unworthy of so much frame shuffling This is a side effect of the effort to make the pro gram reusable The modifications to the basic Winston and Horn expert functions Ref 4 will be addressed in the same order as they are encountered in the program Two simple functions FLOAD and FSAVE must be installed in both the Bill and Frames workspaces as listed below DEFINE FLOAD LAMBDA TITLE PROGN POKE 21910 3 OPENSEQ TITLE READSEQ TITLE PUT TITLE FRAME CAR READ CLOSE DEFINE FSAVE LAMBDA TITLE PROGN POKE 21910 3 OPENSEQ TITLE WR
63. AVE process to abort if you press any key When LISTing a program Microsoft Washington Apple Pi Bouwk amp BASIC places the list window on the right of the screen Almost always this box must be moved left to see the entire line of programming When the program ming line is too long the scroll bar must be used Also using NEW from the pull down menu does not reset the title in the output window but typing NEW in the command line does Microsoft BASIC for the Macintosh is a standard implementation of Microsoft s BASIC for among others the IBM PC As soon as possible SIG Mac hopes to be able to pro vide 3 1 2 inch Mac disks to interested new members in lieu of the 5 1 4 disks now distributed in new member packets Since the programs on the current new member disk are not compatible with the Mac other software will have to be provided Bob Platt solicited public domain software from all SIG members Anyone who has written such programs should contact him MacBASIC MacPASCAL and an assembler debugger will be out this summer Microsoft BASIC 2 0 will also be out this summer It is supposed to include many of Mac BASIC s features Tom DeMay is offering home grown carrying cases for the Mac Contact him for further information Late breaking news e Computer Age has started a Capital Macintosh Users Group at its store at 9431 Georgia Avenue Silver Spring MD No fee will be charged for membership For f
64. Apple as well Here is Kathy s write up AtariLab TM DEMONSTRATION Do crickets chirp faster on warmer evenings Will my coffee stay hotter if I add cream when it is first poured or should I wait until I am ready to drink it Is the temperature difference between night and day smaller when it is cloudy Or Robert Boyle of the Department of Physics and Astronomy Dickinson Col lege Carlisle PA demonstrated the first of the AtariLab TM Science Series Modules which allows scientists of all ages to carry out simple experiments to answer these questions 12 June 1984 Strange EES Developed by physicist Dr Priscilla Laws and other scientists writers and artists of the Dickinson community and manufactured by Aardvark Enterprises Inc of Carlisle PA the AtariLab TM Science Series will be marketed by Atari in versions for the Atari Apple JE family and Commodore 64 computers The Starter Set demonstrated by Dr Boyle consists of a temperature sensor an interface box to allow the easy connection of this and other sensors light sources and other devices to the computer sophis ticated software to help the user design and carry out temperature experiments and an extensive manual with suggestions to get the novice experimenter going Central to the AtariLab TM philosophy is the idea that the only way to learn science is to do science so the temperature software is designed to facilitate temperature experiments wit
65. CP M can be used by AppleWorks after a Seance conversion first into DOS 3 3 and then to rooos Managing Files on the Desktop Switching among the files on the desktop is almost effortless AppleWorks presents users with screen displays that mimic the window overlays of Lisa Mac or Microsoft WINDOWS For instance the main menu commands for saving or retrieving files cataloging data disks and the like are represented by overlap ping file folder images on screen If you select Add Files from the Main Menu folder a second folder labeled Add Files appears on top of the first one with a choice of file sources listed in it you can still see the top and left of the first Main Menu folder though so you can tell where you came from If you choose to get a file from your data disk a third overlapping folder called AppleWorks Files appears atop the first two bearing a disk directory from which you can select up to 12 files From within any file of any of the 3 types the can mand OPEN APPLE Q opens a window at mid screen that lists all other files on the desk top Selecting one from the list and hitting return switches you to it instantly without returning to the Main Menu Command Structure The three programs share a command set that is 95 identical and is customized for the e keyboard for easy learning and quick execution For instance to delete blocks of word processor copy or columns
66. Daje 301 868 5487 Statistical Packages Jim Carpenter 301 371 5263 Dave Einhorn 301 593 8420 Mark Pankin 703 524 0937 Data Perfect Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Data Factory Bob Schmidt 301 736 4698 Stock Market Robert Wood 703 893 9591 General Manager Norman Bernache 301 277 6935 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Tax Preparer H Soft Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 InfoMaster Doug Daje 301 868 5487 List Handler Jon Vaupel 301 977 3054 Time Sharing Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 PFS Bill Etue 703 620 2103 Ben Ryan 301 469 6457 Word Processors Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Jenny Spevak 202 362 3887 Apple Writer II Doug Daje 301 868 5487 QuickFile II J J Finkelstein 301 652 9375 Dianne Lorenz 301 530 7881 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Expediter Compiler Peter Rosden 301 229 2288 Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Executive Secretary Louis Biggie 202 296 1280 Graphics Bill Schultheis 703 538 4575 Format II Henry Donahoe 202 298 9107 Gutenberg Neil Muncy 301 251 9330 Languages A Applesoft I Integer P Pascal M Machine Letter Perfect Cara Cira 301 468 6118 A Peter Combes 301 445 6188 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 AI Jeff Dillon 301 422 6458 Magic Window and II Joyce C Little 301 321 2989 A Richard Langston 301 258 9865 Peach Text Carl Eisen 703 354 4837 A Mark Pankin 703 524 0937 PIE Writer Apple PIE Jim Graham 703 643 1848 A Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 ScreenWriter II Peter Combes 301 445 6188 A I P M Bill Schultheis 703 538
67. ETAILED MAPS CONTAINING ALL INFOR MATION NEEDED 6 00 EACH SCENARIO MASTER MANUEL HAS WINNING PROCEDURES RAMADA COMPUTER PRODUCTS OE AG Be EAE A A Division of H amp H Scientific HIT POINTS ONLY 12 00 13507 Pendleton St MASTER MAZE SYSTEM Ft Washington MD 20744 1404 S OCEAN BLUD Tel 301 292 2958 MYRTLE BEACH S C 29577 803 626 3529 Washington Apple Pi June 1984 21 AM APPLE OQWNER S GUIDE TO THE 27c bY Robert C On April 24 Apple introduced the latest member of its growing family the c Although the theme at the debut of the c was Apple J forever a natural concern for all JL and e owners is whether the new c will make their models obsolete Also J owners who are considering an upgrade may be considering the purchase of a c rather than a e This brief discription of the differences between the c and its forefathers will address these concerns PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The c has a striking design Traditional Apple beige has been replaced with an off white It looks spiffy The c is designed to be portable and easy to set up It weighs only 7 5 pounds and is just 12 x 11 x 2 It easily fits into a carrying case Because the c will ultimately work with either bat terfes or a power cord the main transformer is a separate unit that plugs into the back of the machine An RF modulator for attaching a TV is also included as a detachable unit This will permit direct attachment of a
68. IS AD AND 5 BUYS YOU DISK DRIVE CONFIDENCE COMM CENTER Service Department will mechanically align and speed test your Apple II or Micro Sci A2 disk drive with presentation J of this ad and 500 Limit of two drives per ad at 5 00 each Call for appointment LAUREL PLAZA RTE 198 LAUREL MD 20707 953 9429 oT SEVERNA PLAZA RTE 2 SEVERNA PARK MD 21146 544 5256 o Authorized Dealer baa U S POSTAGE WASHINGTON APPLE PI LTD 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 PAID PERMIT 5389 Silver Spring M ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED A REFURBISHED DAISY WHEEL TERMINAL FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS AND SMALL BUSINESSES exceptional Sima ong fore reliably aa h a ions imeb tr er jie ai a sirum piia tr kny skip me al ver atility Now yy can have all this for only 995 in our extra printwheels APL keyboard and 2K buffer Call your nearest AJ regional 2 ffice hi tot San Jose nu eric eg e High resolution X Y plotting meet electronic forms ber of your local AJ sales service office Price excludes options and is subject to change without notice Model shown includes certain options Offer available only inthe A contiguous U S Printwheel fibesn A and cable included 30 day parts labor warranty ANDERSON JACOBSON FOR WAP MEMBERS ONLY You can now buy an AJ 831 for 712 This includes a 90 day full warranty with any repairs being done at yo
69. ITESEQ TITLE PRINT LIST FGETFRAME TITLE CLOSE 48 dune 1984 BILL is a new function in the Bill workspace where the other functions are the unchanged backward chain ing diagnostic functions from Ref 4 The listing of BILL is shown below with some of the print statements removed for brevity A complete listing will be pro vided on request DEFINE BILL LAMBDA PROG BILLNAME BILLNUMBER LOOP QPRINT TO REVIEW CURRENT BILL TYPE BILL QPRINT TO EVALUATE A NEW BILL TYPE NEW SETQ INPUT READ COND EQUAL INPUT BILL FLOAD BILL T DIAGNOSE FGETFRAME BILL QPRINT ARE THESE CORRECT SETQ INPUT1 READ COND EQUAL INPUT YES FSAVE BILL T GO LOOP Finally in the same fashion VOTE and ANALYZE are new functions in the vote workspace and are listed below DEFINE VOTE LAMBDA PROG QPRINT SENATOR OR ALL LOOP QPRINT FOR INDIVIDUAL SENATOR TYPE LAST NAME QPRINT FOR ENTIRE SENATE TYPE ALL SETQ INPUT READ COND EQUAL INPUT ALL PROCESS TCANALYZE INPUT QPRINT DO ANOTHER TYPE YES QPRINT TERMINATE TYPE END SETQ INPUTL READ COND EQUAL INPUT1 YES RESET GO LOOP T QPRINT IT S BEEN A PLEASURE WORKING WITH YOU BE SURE YOU SAVE THE WORKSPACE AND ATTRIBUTE FILES DEFINE ANALY ZE LAMBDA SENATOR GC NIL SETBILL OPENSEQ SENATOR REAOSEQ SENATOR SETQ FACTS1 READ CLOSE SETQ FACTS CONS FACTS CDAR FACT
70. L amp P 151 166 CASE L amp P 169 173 Using CASE in a menu oriented program break III Programming with control structures IV Arrays L amp P p 267 289 V Introduction to Procedures A What is a procedure B Why use procedures C Declaring procedures SESSION 4 I Procedure Parameters II Programming Examples III More About Procedures Syntax of procedure declarations Scope Problem Refinement Divide and Conquer Procedures as Black Boxes hiding data and action Concepts Top down development Stepwise refinement Nesting and levels of tasks Scope of identifiers moo eee n break IV Records and Files L amp P p 301 328 A Declaring records B GET and PUT V Where to go from here AppleWorks contd from py 25 Shortcomings Here are the main problems I ve encountered or heard about during a month of using AppleWorks 1 The program wasn t written to accomodate many non Apple parallel printer cards at least for full use of printer features Apple has rushed out a free supplementary disk that modifies the boot disk to take care of this for the Grappler and some other boards But a friend of mine running an Okidata off a board Oki sells itself still has problems Apple says it s working on these You re probably safe with an Apple or Grappler or other well known card and one of the major printers But you might want to check before buy ing Easiest combo is the standard card and an Apple or
71. Lib Mike Hartman 301 445 1583 CP M Lib Kit Leithiser 703 569 8037 Head Reading Lib Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Apple Tea Coord Paula Benson 202 546 0076 Arrangements Jim Taylor 301 926 7869 Demonstrations Signe Larson 703 524 4541 Washington Apple Pi General Counsel Membership Program Publicity Chairman Public Relations Rules amp Elections School Coordinators Virginia Mont Co MD Pr Geo Co MD Special Publctns SYSOP Tutorials Volunteer Coord SIG Coordinator SIG Chairmen Appleseeds Apple CESIG CP M DISABLEDSIG write 6114 Quebec Place or phone EDSIG FORTH SIG LAWSIG LISASIG LOGOSIG SIG Mac NEWSIG Pascal PIG PI SIG STOCKSIG Telecomm SIG Ltd 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MD 20814 Office 301 654 8060 ABBS 301 986 8085 Copyright 1984 Washington Apple Pi Ltd EDITORIAL Amidst the confusion and uncertainty of the current meteorological season is this spring winter or summer and amidst the sneezing coughing and tearing brought on by a most bountiful splendiferous supply of histamines from the oaks and grasses another issue has been put to bed And what do we have you may ask Why we have a plentiful supply of something for everyone Bruce Field fields your questions in his Q amp A column enable the disabled Jim Burger Shaw Pittman Potts amp Trowbridge Dana Schwartz Cara Cira Hun
72. Line Systems does not sell any version of Lisa Randy Hyde fs now publish ing Lisa 2 6 under his Lazerware label In the same issue of WAP there is a brief review of Data Capture 4 0 The author says his copy failed to function 2 out of 3 times and implies that the product is not good Not fair I am sure that many WAP members can straighten him out on this Bob Sander Ceder lof Ed Note For further information or pricing contact S C Software Corporation 2331 Gus Thomasson Suite 125 P 0 Box 280300 Dallas TX 75228 214 324 2050 Washington Apple Pi ARPES BOonATEes 7 MELEE ERE EEE AERE EEA een ee Nery PROPOS TECHNICAL FREE SHIPPING 7 x MATERIALS by p mad Thomas 8 Warrick VERBATIM DATALIFE disk 10 2u amp Apple Computer Inc has donated to the hardcopy packs in plastic case z library of Washington Apple Pi Ltd a set of SS DD 23 00 FOR 10 BOX OR MORE materials from the course Apple offered on ProDOS to commercial hardware and software developers ProD0S is Apple s new disk operating system for the Apple JL J e and c computers and is the successor to MITAC MATE I disk drive 100 169 APPLE compatible SHUGART DOS 3 3 390 mechanism The materials donated are almost finished drafts of MITAC 12 20 MHz amber monitor 119 the four principal ProDOS manuals the ProDOS User s Manual Basic Programming with ProDOS The Prodos Z 80A card 4 MHz 75 Technical Reference Manual and The
73. Longaan 1983 Micita 1983 Love 1982 Geoffrion 1983 Kelaan 1983 Lathrop 1983 McBettrick 1983 Doerr 1979 85 Papert 1980 Coburn 1982 Howe 1983 Hogan 1982 35 McGehee 1983 Sipp 1980 95 Barnett 1965 Bear 1983 Frenzel 1980 95 laks 1981 85 Willis 1981 95 Osborne 1979 80 Lancaster 1978 Kelly B le 1981 90 McWilliass 1983 Evans 1979 Veit 1983 65 Williaeas 1983 Hughes 1982 Winston 198 90 Abelson 1982 60 Bitter 1983 Thornburg 1983 Ross 1983 Watt 1983 Burnett 1982 Lu 1984 Mitler 1984 Madron 1983 Brooks 1975 Borgerson 1982 Call APPLE 1982 Apple 1979 Lewis 1981 95 Swan 1983 Seiter 1983 95 Koffaan 1982 90 Lewis 1981 Plauger 1981 Binghae 1984 Trost 1983 Trost 1982 85 Clark 1983 70 Beil 1983 Williass 1982 Konepasek 1984 Beil 982 75 Van Wolv n 1983 Castlewitz 1982 70 Cobb 1983 Poling 1982 95 Glatzer 1981 70 Pirisino 1983 Etthin 1982 40 BUSS ANDP PARASITES There was an error in my article in the May issue of the WAP Journal on transferring files between the OTHER Apple JC and Macintosh The error was in the diagram of the switch settings of the the Super Serial Card it showed SW1 set for 2400 baud Although it will work OK as configured to originally illustrated using ASCII Pro 1200 baud it may not work with other terminal programs or PR amp lt n gt and IN lt n gt where lt n gt is the slot in which the serial card is located The correct illustration is given below
74. Margaret Cook of Byte magazine has received several responses from Pi members to her request for book reviewers that appeared in last month s WAP Journal She has not had sufficient time to react to them but they will all be individually acknowledged as soon as poss ible amp June 1984 7 WAP HOTL INE Have a problem The following club members have agreed to help PLEASE keep in mind that the people listed are VOLUNTEERS Respect all telephone restrictions where listed and no calls after 10 00 PM except where indicated Users of the Hotline are reminded that calls regarding commercial software packages should be limited to those you have purchased Please do not call about copied software for which you have no documentation If the person called has a telephone answering machine and your call is not returned don t assume that he did not try to return your call perhaps you were not home Try again General Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 Math O R Appins Mark Pankin 703 524 0937 Robert Martin 301 498 6074 Operating Systems Accounting Packages Apple DOS Richard Langston 301 258 9865 Accountant Dec Sup Mark Pankin 703 524 0937 Richard Untied 703 241 8678 Home Accountant Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 CP M Robert Fretwell 703 971 2621 Ray Hobbs 301 490 7484 APPLE SSC Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 ProDOS Richard Langston 301 258 9865 Apple TechNotes Lance Bell 703 550 9064 Paddles Tom Riley eve 301 340 9432 AppleWorks Ca
75. ORTH do include floating point numbers But the arithmetic operations in FORTH are based on 16 bit integers FORTH freaks would usually includes double precision 32 bit operators these numbers can range from 2 147 483 647 to 42 147 483 647 and this should handle most applica tions Fig FORTH is available in the WAP library disk 105 We see that Fig FORTH on the e or J is faster than even MacBASIC with the one exception of Integer Divides noted above If you really want high performance look to MacFORTH Using benchmark 6 Eratosthenes Steve which has become something of a standard MacFORTH is 15 times faster than MacBASIC 58 times faster than Microsoft BASIC and 157 times faster than Applesoft MacFORTH does not exactly conform to any of the existing FORTH standards most notably because it uses 32 bit arith metic exclusively The speed penalty on the Mac is small for using 32 bit arithmetic rather than the usual 16 bit Given the above data I would like to modify Richard s last statement in his article to Does this give anyone another reason to go FORTH SPEED COMPARISONS IN SECONDS Macintosh Ae MacFORTH MacBASIC MS BASIC Fig Forth Applesoft 1 Empty GOSUBs 0 25 3 0 8 13 15 5 2 Empty loop 0 09 15 5 0 6 7 3 Midstring function 2 10 90 21 8 6 33 4 Real Divides o 18 0 3 8 30 5 Integer Divides 25 3 0 13 22 8 0 6 Fratosthenes Sieve 2 08 315 121 13 5 327 O function not available argue that there is no
76. ORWARD 5 LINES PRINT SP MOVE FORWARD A PAGE PRINT Q Quit PRINT PRINT READING FI HELP DOC PRINT CHR 4 OPEN FI PRINT CHR 4 READ FI ONERR GOTO 800 J 0 INPUT L J J J 1 IF J lt 330 THEN GOTO 350 REM PRINT CHR 4 CLOSE PRINT CHR 4 PR 0 IF A lt gt Y THEN GOTO 2000 K 0 1 21 HOME FOR L K TO PRINT L L NEXT L VTAB 23 PRINT lt BACK SPACE MORE Q UIT GET A PRINT A IF A Q THEN GOTO 900 IF A MI THEN K K 5 1 K 21 GOTO 880 IF A LB THEN K IF A PL THEN I T21 22 K 21 21 IF K lt 0 THEN K 0 IF K gt J THEN GOTO 900 IF I gt J THEN I J GOTO 835 PRINT DO YOU WANT TO SEE IT AGAIN Y GET A IF A Y THEN GOTO 830 GOTO 3000 REM DIM L 330 Y Y CR CHR 13 TT 32 LC 95 Q Q sMI LB lt sPL RETURN HOME PRINT THIS IS VERY SLOW THE PROGRAM IS TRANSLATING THE CHARACTERS TO UPPER CASE THE DATA ARE FROM FILE HELP DOC PRINT YOU WILL BE ASKED IF YOU WANT TO SEE IT AGAIN AFTER THIS IS DONE SO YOU WILL HAVE A CHANCE TO REREAD THIS PRINT PRINT ONERR GOTO 3000 FOR I 0 TO J M LEN L I Z IF M 0 THEN GOTO 2045 FOR L 1 TO M C MID L I L 1 C ASC C IF C gt LC THEN C C TT C CHR C I K I 21 GOTO 880 Z Z C NEXT L PRINT Z L I Z NEXT I GOTO 900 REM Washington Apple Pi
77. PTR multi tasking wrrrrerscrersrrcrrcretecsccrersenn which is true SUPERVISOR STACK POINTER Lnuser mode Se nSesceasessccarcesaes esse cisiesice s the eighth ad PROGRAM COUNTER dress register tgessenesstsscecsecesseersesesstse A7 doubles as status regs SYSTEM USER the user stack 1 trent enennnerenccce pointer Also the status register is divided into two 8 bit flag registers one for user and one for supervisor Although the 68000 contains 32 bit address registers onty 24 bits are used for discrete addressing This however gives the 68000 the capability of supporting a whopping 16 776 960 bytes of memory without paging assuming of course that the RAM is on board This is 16384K or 16 megabytes The MAC s system board however presently comes with only 128K of RAM and 64K ROM although later MACs will come with 512K RAM leaving a lot of empty addresses are you listening Techmar The 68000 supports several forms of indirect addres sing in its instruction set plus signed and unsigned divide and multiply register exchange and arithmetic performed both in registers and in memory In addi tion direct memory to memory moves are supported Most instructions allow the programmer to specify byte 8 bit word 16 bit or longword 32 bit operands word length being the default added to the corresponding pointer or index to obtain i the 20 bit effective address Other features of the The 65C02 The lates
78. Program Doc Joan Bixby Dunham Rules for an Expert System Frederick E Naef Pascal Tutorials Robert C Platt The Forth Column s es essas Bruce Fe Feld Bylaws Amemdment s a Robert Ce Platt VisiCalc Data Entry Tips s u Merle Block The Show Must Go On Richard Langston II Applesoft Programming Tip sa a Merle Block WAP Reading Library Walton Francis Bugs and Other Parasites aba ETETETT Software Version Update J T Tom Demay Jr Disketeria Order Form Tutorial Registration 54 56 CENTRE a n Computer Productivity Sale Apple ee We make computers work WINTERGREEN PLAZA 833 Scene ee IKE 301 424 3024 i Ss There s only one place to buy apples AT FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS As an Authorized Apple Dealer we offer a full selection of both Apple Hardware and Software at low low prices Also as an Authorized Service Center we provide fast and efficient service on all Apple products FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC Microcomputer Systems And Peripherals 5726 INDUSTRY LANE FREDERICK MD 301 694 8884 4 apple computer e Authorized Dealer Washington Apple Pi June 1984 CLINTON COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER Classes scheduled for April through June APPLE e INTRODUCTORY COURSE 4 hrs 100 Week night classes 6 8pm and alternate Saturdays 9am 1pm Learn the basic operating procedures of the world s most
79. R Unlike the earlier J family the c uses a 65C02 chip The 65C02 not only uses less power than the older 6502 it also has 27 added machine language instructions MONITOR ROM Apple has rewritten the e monitor to make the routines more efficient In addition the monitor has been revised to permit interrupts to be supported on the c This means that programs which are written especially for the c can run faster because the program need not waste time in loops waiting for input Instead the c can perform one task while waiting for another event such as moving the mouse Under the new c monitor DOS Pascal and ProDOS can all support interrupts SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY Apple is publishing a list of software that has been tested for c compatibility Given the minor differ ences between the e and c most e programs will run on the c However the opposite will probably not be the case for example if a machine language program uses the 27 new instructions or relies upon interrupts to handle mouse input then it will have to be rewritten for the JC and e WAP will support each model but please indicate whether software is identification it will not be recognized by Pascal for c only when you donate to our library The ROM routines will recognize control character sequences to change baud rate the number of data EVALUATION bits parity and printer width Because a seria printer is necessary c own
80. RD LANGSTON II INBUF EQU 200 GETLN BUFFER EXTRNCMD EQU BE06 EX CMD JMP VECTOR XTRNADOR EQU BE50 EX CMO IMP ADDR XLEN EQU BE52 LEN OF COMM 1 XCNUM EQU BE53 CI CMD 0 EXTERNAL PBITS EQU BE54 COMM PARAM BITS XRETURN EQU BE9E KNOW RTS INSTRUCTION MSB ON SET MOST SIG HIGH BIT Set intercepts LDA C PAGE STORE EXTRNAL CMD STA EXTRNCMD 1 INTERPRETER ADDRESS LDA PAGE STA EXTRNCMD 2 RTS CHECK FOR CMD PAGE LDX 0 NXTCHR LDA INBUF X STEP THROUGH CMP CMO X INBUFFER COMPARING EACH CHAR BNE RETURN IF THEY ARE DIFFERENT EXIT INX CPX CMDLEN CHECK FOR END OF CMD BNE NXTCHR IF NOT END GO BACK CMD MATCH COMPLETE HOUSEKEEPING LDA CMDLEN 1 STORE CMDLENGTH 1 STA XLEN IN XLEN LDA XRETURN STORE ADDRESS STA XTRNADOR 0F A KNOWN LDA XRETURN RTS INSTRUCTION STA XTRNADDR 1 AT XTRNADDR LDA 0 STA XCNUM STORE OF CMD O EXTERNAL STA PBITS SET ALL PARAMETER STA PBITS 1 BITS TO ZERO sEXECUTE CMD STA C050 GRAPHICS MODE STA C054 PAGE 1 STA CO53 MIXED STA C057 HIRES CLC SUCCESSFUL EXECUTION RTS RETURN Command not found RETURN SEC SET CARRY CMD NOT FOUND RTS RETURN CMD ASC PAGE1 CMDLEN EQU CMD Apple J users with lower case chips installed can END POKE 49048 PEEK 49048 64 to make ProOOS think it is amp 42 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi DON T BE AN by Gary M There is no doubt that the IF statement when correct ly used is one of the most powerful commands in Applesoft But
81. REL VALUE CONSERVATIVE ECOREL VALUE LIBERAL ECOREL VALUE NEUTRAL RULE ONE IF BILL INCREASES EMPLOYMENT BILL REDUCES INFLATION RATE BILL REDUCES INTEREST RATES THEN ECOREL VALUE CONSERVATIVE ECOREL VALUE CONSERVATIVE The attributes of the senators were derived from the voting records maintained by the National Journal and the Congressional Quarterly which rate each Senator iw five categories economic social national security party loyalty and loyalty to the President contd Washington Apple Pi The leading brand in Taiwan of SHINLEE CORPORATION an industrv leader is exclusively imported by A typical senator frame is shown below BAKER AKO VALUE SENATOR NSRATE VALUE CONSERVATIVE ECORATE VALUE CONSERVATIVE SOCRATE VALUE CONSERVATIVE PARTY VALUE REPUBLICAN PTYRATE VALUE 90 PRESRATE VALUE 88 STATE VALUE TENNESSEE KAC Industries Inc At this time the program is operating only on the economic ratings and economic relevance but in the future the program will determine how the senator can be expected to vote in each of these five categories and will predict a composite vote based on the best of five The following is a typical rule and if you compare the rule with the senator and bill attributes you will see that Senator Baker s economic vote should e aye QE dealer innuiries are invited Offi
82. S bY Jay M Thal eee kee eee eR eRe HR KR RK HH DISABLEOSIG JUNE MEETING THURSDAY JUNE 14 1984 7 00 P M SUBJECT Hardware interfacing specialty switch construction bring soldering irons parts amp plans Chevy Chase Community Center Connecticut Ave amp McKinley St N W D C bn E E E E E E E E E E E E E E a e a The May meeting of the DisabledSIG provided an inter esting set of demonstrations by Susan Brummel Ms Brummel is a linguist who is devoted to assisting individuals gain control over their environment through the use of microcomputers Often cost ts a major consideration to her clients While the versatility of a computer like an Apple might make it ideal that ideal comes at a price See WAP s May 1984 DisabledSIG article on prescrib ing communication devices In many cases Susan Brummel finds that the diminutive Sinclair Timex fits the bill for single purpose applications The secret of success is learning to be your own pro grammer and electrical engineer For Susan those specialties have become acquired skills necessary to tailor programs to the need and hardware interfaces to the abilities of her clients With deft control over a soldering iron Susan makes controls that can be actuated by the tilt of the head or erratic movement of a palsied hand Ms Brummel also demonstrated the Bliss Apple system on a J The system was developed by the TRACE Center at the University of Wisconsin a
83. S1 SETQ NAME CAAR FACTS1 DEDUCE POSTYOTE DEVELOPING THE SENATE EXPERT RULES Several readers have questioned why anyone would attempt to write a vote prediction expert program knowing that an expert program works best in a rules oriented situation and that the senate votes in a highly unstructured fashion Just as I want to see if an Apple J can be used to run an expert program I also want to see if such a program can be useful to anyone trying to understand voting processes Any rationale may be better than none So the intent of this program is to act as an intelligent decision making assistant not to make definitive voting deci sions The rules that have been written are simple but func tional Refinement of the rules will continue in the future This requires the active participation of experts who operate the system comment on its inade quacies and lead the programmer to better rules Very early in the project it became apparent that it would be easy to determine the vote based on senator and bill attributes but that the challenge was in correctly determining those attributes Initially this was done arbitrarily but later a more accurate procedure was developed for use in the Bill workspace This procedure starts with a set of hypotheses and backward chains through a set of rules to produce a bill attribute frame The hypothesis frame a typical rule and the bill attribute frame are shown below ECO
84. SHER Spinnaker The Learning Co Spinnaker Krell Eric Software Lightning Laureate Learning Sys Program Design Sensible Software Spinnaker The Learning Co Random House Spinnaker DesignWare Weekly Reader Fam Soft Spinnaker CBS Software Eric Software Terrapin Advanced Ideas Sirius Microsoft Advanced Ideas Beagle Bros Beagle Bros Beagle Bros Central Potnt Software Beagle Bros Diversified Beagle Bros Beagle Bros Etnsteta Beagle Bros Beagle Bros Beagle Bros Omega Microware Roger Wagner Publishing Software Beagle Bros S C Software Penguin Software Beagle Bros Sensible Software Beagle Bros Alpha Beagle Bros XPS Apple Apple Borderbund Electronic Arts Kensington Microware Sterra On Line Quark Artsct Megahaus Megahaus Software Publishing Sierra On Line Sensible Silicon Valley Systems Quark State of the Art HicroPro Hayden Software Apple Apple Apple Apple Microsoft Microsoft Apple CAT EDU EDU EDU EDU EDU 0U EOU EDU EDU EDU EDU EDU EDU EDU EDU EOU EDU EDU EOU EDU EDU EDU VERSION 4 3 4 0 5 0F ci v1 1 3 6 2 3 3 09 3 3 DATE 84 01 24 84 03 23 84 01 24 84 01 24 84 01 24 amp Washington Apple Pi WASHINGTON APPLE PI DISKETERIA MAIL ORDER FORM Software for Creative Living Disks from Washington Apple Pi s Disketeria are available for purchase This form is only for ordering disks that you want mailed to you Disks
85. SORIES HARDWARE ABATI DANA 100 APPLE COMPATIBLE TO ORDER KEHHKE PLEASE CALL HHH 649 7446 M F 9 AM 5 PM 933 1849 AFTER 6 amp WEEKENI3 Fe k KK RK KKK KR KKK EK KK KK KK KOK OK HEHEHE HEE EH EH HE IE IEE EE E E ME E E EEE IE EE EEE a a a JCM MOIL ORDER PRICES MOCIN Tele BPPPELE Fez PPPRPLE zt Z SOFTWARE MONI TORS DISK DRIVES Home Accountant 49 Amdek Amdek Amdisk I 3 2866h 241 Multiplan ccsccesrenBlb9 Ct 1 15 I2 are 129 Micra Sci AZ W C sas eee 289 pfs File Graph 79 Amber I2 isie naani 144 Tandon tk assesesssso 199 VisiCalc E sesss 179 Color I 1I3lresrisses 279 PRINTERS Bank Street Writer 46 Nec Transtar 120 LO eee 435 Dollars amp Sense 68 Green La vec ewaeen ee F119 Dynax DX15 LO eees 459 Sensible Speller 82 Amber 12 cccccceune 149 Smith Cor TF II LQ 479 Pie Writer sscescaned 99 Color RGB seen eee 395 Abati 20F LO cee aee 389 Handler Fack W L S 89 Sakata ColOor s 239 Okidata 92 Near LQ 429 Incredible Jack 119 BMC Panasonic F1090 289 Miner 2049er cceeeeeed 29 Color Ls ccc ww ence ee 229 Gemini LOX cere v enna s 269 Chess Chkr Odin 99 Green 12 cece wane need OF DISPLAY INTERFACE CARDS Flight Simulator II 38 Zenith Orange Interface 62 ACCESSORIES Green 12 Wave acess 89 Grappler cseeee eee 115 Dana Fan surge pro 43 Amber 12 056 eevee d 99 GrafStar ccccesass
86. Start with an expendable disk B Boot DOS Type NEW C Type in this program 10 HOME PRINT UNLOCKED PRINT CHR 4 RUN APPLESOFT 0 Type INIT APPLESOFT LOCKED and press RETURN E When the whirring has stopped type LOCK APPLESOFT LOCKED and press RETURN F Now write this little program 10 FOR I 0 TO 255 20 HOME PRINT PRINT 30 PRINT THIS IS POKE 44513 I 40 PRINT PRINT 50 POKE 44513 1 60 PRINT PRINT CHR 4 CATALOG 70 VTAB 23 HTAB 40 CALL 678 80 NEXT G SAVE this program under the name APPLESOFT LOCKED H Next type BSAVE BINARY LOCKED A 2000 L1 I Press RETURN J Type LOCK BINARY LOCKED and press RETURN K Type BSAVE BINARY UNLOCKED A 2000 L1 L Press RETURN Now you have a disk s worth of nothing except to demonstrate some weird things with CATALOG Boot this disk and you will note a flashing cursor in the lower right corner of the screen that s the CALL 678 Everytime you press RETURN you will automatically get a catalog with location 44513 POKEd with an incre mented value starting with zero and heading on up eee eke Re eRe DO NOT READ ON UNTIL YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE ABOVE DIRECTIONS eraenhkhae kek ek KK Now that you have done the above you aren t reading this too soon are you you have found that the pro Fro p press RETURN type RUN and off you go again You might try this on the later bombs just changing the i to the next higher value
87. T gt or lt CTRL RESET gt described above We want lt RESET gt to re establish the presence of Charlie s filter We institute this effect by placing the address of CONN within the Applesoft Warm Start Vector located at 03F2 3 Examination of the Autostart ROM Listing in the Apple Reference Manual starting eventually shows that pushing lt RESET gt BRUNs the ROM code at FA62 This portion of the ROM code effects an indirect JuMP to 03F2 3 So we press lt RESET gt and thereby execute the code of Charlie s filter beginning with CONN So pressing lt RESET gt puts us back in business re enabling lt CTRL F gt as the Macro wake up Key Once again when we BRUN our engine caboose combi nation all we are doing is storing our focal addres ses in the correct places of memory So we re all set after BRUN VISIMACRO say We press a key The ReaD KEY ROKEY routine at FDOC effects an indi rect JuMP to KSW wherein is stored 701C the address of the beginning of Charlie s filter As previously described we do a mandatory JSR FD1B to test for an honest to goodness keypress In the process we load the ASCII Character Code of the pressed key into the address of our handy dandy filter at KSW to intercept Accumulator the input There are only two firm requirements for our filter in order to perfectly imitate the normal The first section of the INPUT filter checks for two non intercepted scenario start wi
88. The machine is called an 831 which fs a reconditioned 832 Mine looks virtually new and seems built by the same company that did Stonehenge Perhaps one draw back to some is its bulk It comes fixed to a rolling stand containing its brains in a box under the print er and it cannot be put on a table top However it rolls around easily Options include paper tray sAfter Funct fon attachments and a used tractor feed for 105 sends set up 3old KSW pointer The club merits our thanks for arranging this fine bargain Bill Fry amp June 1984 35 A CATALOG POKER by C Ft Swi As every good programmer knows I just learned it last week a disk normally has a catalog of the files stored on it We can see this catalog by ordering the computer to CATALOG I used to plead but now I order my J treasure no longer intimidates me There is no magic involved Somewhere on a sector on some track or other you know which ones and I m going to look it up next week there are little bytes that add up to all sorts of information about the files names types length locked or not etc Just find that sector actually it s easier to let your computer find it and there is all you ever wanted to know about that disk including its origin and cost if you want to get picky and include dummy files Here is a little trick you can play around with It may even teach you a few things about catalogs that you didn t already know A
89. USE YOUR APPLE SOFTWARE June 19 BEGINNING BASIC June 16 BITS BYTES NIBBLES The fee for each tutorial is 10 00 with an Apple monitor and disk drive 15 00 without Please note that WAP does not have equipment for you to use if you do not bring your own you will have to look over someone s shoulder Tutorials at 10 00 with equipment Tutorials at 15 00 without equipment The following non regular tutorials are being offered They are at the WAP office unless otherwise indicated Saturday tutorials are from 9 30 AM 12 00 Noon Monday and Wednesday tutorials begin at 7 30 PM Please register in advance Pascal Robert Platt 4 sessions Jun 2 16 30 Jul 7 Assembly Language Ray Hobbs 2 sessions Jun 6 20 27 call office for location 40 with Apple member 60 with non member 30 member 45 non member 60 w o Apple member 80 w o non member DO NOT BRING YOUR APPLE AE Pro George Kinal Dave Harvey Bill Cook Jun 11 10 member 15 non member INTRO TO SPREADSHEETS Lee Raesly July 14 VISIPLOT amp APPLE PLOT Lee Raesly Aug 11 10 with Apple member 15 with non member 10 with Apple member 15 with non member 15 w o Apple member 20 w o non member 15 w o Apple member 20 w o non member Planned tutorials include Word Star Bernie Benson Sept VisiCalc Roy Rosfeld Nov aoe check the desired tutorials and return t
90. V commands and separate print menus are out Instead OPEN APPLE O0 brings up avast options menu at the bottom of the screen from which all format features can be set margins size of type fonts justification type line spacing underlining boldface sub and super scripts headers and footers automatic page numbering forced page breaks controlled indents Washington Apple Pi print pause setting of markers skipped lines and more These settings can be read at the points where they take effect in the text by simply hitting OPEN APPLE Z AppleWorks wil point multiple copies and the printing process can be made to pause or abort with a single keystroke Word Processor files are limited to 2250 lines on a 128K Apple though the manual erroneously puts the limit at 1536 lines That s about 40 single spaced pages and uses most of the desktop s 55K of space Long documents must therefore be broken up into several files The Database This part of AppleWorks is simply a somewhat beefed up slightly faster version of QuickFile e But that s not faint praise as QF ts a very fast ver satile database program On a 128K e the database can hold about 850 records of 75 characters each in an average file Each record can have 30 categories with entries of up to 76 characters in length Maxi mum size of each record is 1024 characters or 1K The AppleWorks database produces table style or address label style reports with ve
91. WAP library This month not only marks the start of our MacSoftware collection it also brings an expansion of our Eamon and CP M offerings But our growth can only continue with your help Please donate your latest creations Remember for each 5 1 4 disk of software that you donate you get a free Apple or Apple library disk Similarly you can get a Mac library disk for each 3 1 2 disk you donate I will be at the Diske teria our sales table from 9 10 before the monthly meetings to discuss possible contributions I look forward to meeting you CP M COMMUNICATIONS Disk 409 is a valuable addition to our CP M Irv Hoff wrote an excellent communications package that will send or receive disk files His latest version with many bells and whistles is called Modem 730 Text files on the disk document Modem 730 s many features Irv includes auxiliary files and overlays to support the Apple Super Serial card and the CCS card Bob Hicks reports that the program works well with an Anchor Mark XII modem library EAMON DISKS In 1982 Apple PugetSound Program Library Exchange A P P L E sponsored a contest to see who could write the best new Eamon adventure game Eamon is a text adventure game system which responds to one or two word commands A P P L E got Eamon s creator Donald Brown to judge the contest Brown announced his decision in the March Call A P P L E and we are proud to add the five finalists to WAP s Eamon
92. Z 80 chips which covers the waterfront for all the popular 8 bit microprocessors Hmm A fully configured Apple is looking more like a bargain all the time registers and program counters but not the instruc At a glance the 8080 looks tion registers When talking about architecture j eeseeecsce larger than the 6502 and will refer only to those registers to which the pro STATUS it is The stack pointer grammer has access either READ or WRITE 2 2 ween e ene is word length 16 bits A REG and there are four more THE 6502 The 6502 chip is the smallest and slowest en neceee e general purpose data regis of the five chips I mentioned earlier yes I remember B REG C REG ters than on the 6502 that I m supposed to be praising the choice of the Moreover the B and C D 6502 for the Apple not burying it The chip has D REG E REG and E and H and L regis seven 8 bit registers that the programmmer can play ters can be used singly or around with HREG L REG in pairs as a single 16 the A register Accumula werner nnn nnneee bit register The 8080 weeececenn tor X register and Y STACK POINTER has more instructions for A REG register index and data w ew enon eee ee moving data between re ashes asen storage SP register PROGRAM COUNTER gisters than the 6502 as X REG stack pointer Status w w enn n ene well as s
93. ad to discover that Apple Logo II will work on it too Unfortunately if you re like me an Apple JE or J owner even with 128K the new Logo II will not work Oh well I guess I finally found a reason to move B to the e Before now I felt my improved Apple JE could do just about anything the e could Why you must be asking don t I want to move up to a Ilc Simple there are no slots and if there were the case is too short to accommodate my Sprite Board and I couldn t do without that Since LCSI is the creator of this version too there are many similiarities to Apple Logo Atari Logo IBM Logo and Sprite Logo but also some incompatibilities due to different machine capabilities A L II will not replace Apple Logo Both cost the same 99 and are available from authorized Apple dealers PS Attention Schools There is an Apple school pack age for Logo It contains ten Logo language diskettes one set of manuals one set of the Apple Logo Tool Kit and Sampler diskettes and one hardcopy of the accom panying documentation for 399 from Apple dealers Upcoming Logo Reports Due to space limitations reports of the Logo in Our Schools Roundtable and the AEDS Convention presenta tion of Dan Watt regarding Logo in the Elementary Schools will be in the July WAP newsletter FREE Get your FREE cop of the new IDS sxalod of ergonomically designed Personal Computer furniture mite Vow It s the one single source o
94. am willing to admit that a machine code subroutine 1025 would improve the program 1030 2000 The program listed is one which reads and displays a file called HELP DOC from a diskette of programs for the Apple Dot Matrix printer which I am donating to 2001 the WAP library Once the text is read the user can space backwards or forwards through the text a page 22 lines at a time 5 lines at a time or quit The 2002 instructions for the commands to do this are displayed 2003 by lines 60 and 70 so that the user may read them 2005 while the program reads file HELP DOC The conversion 2010 to upper case is done in lines 2000 to 2060 I found 2016 that the MID function will return an error if used 2020 for a string of zero length so the test in line 2016 2030 accomodates that by skipping to the end of the loop 2040 The best part about this scheme is that when I dis 2045 play the text and discover an error I can correct it 2050 easily I do not need to worry about the number of 2060 3000 46 June 1984 text REM HELP MY PRINTER DOESNT WORK GOSUB 1000 HOME PRINT LISTS THE FILE HELP 0OC PRINT THIS LISTS A SCREEN OF DOCUMENTATION AND PAUSES FOR USER RESPONSE PRINT PRINT DO YOU HAVE LOWER CASE DISPLAY Y 3 GET A PRINT A IF ASC A 121 THEN A Y PRINT PRINT PRINT THE COMMANDS YOU WILL SEE WILL MEAN THE FOLLOWING PRINT BACK UP 5 LINES PRINT lt BACK UP A PAGE PRINT MOVE F
95. and return the original Apple for credit Most of the software announced for the Mac is designed to run with 128K In some cases there may be an dim provement when 512K is available but whether or not this is so will depend on the software At least one announced program an upgraded version of Lotus 1 2 3 will require 512K to operate This presumably will not be reTeased unit 512K Macs are readily available The cheapest Lisa is the Lisa 2 0 sometimes described as Big Mac or a Mac in a Lisa case This is not quite accurate The internal hardware of the Lisa 2 0 is all Lisa it does not for example contain the Macintosh ROM At least for the first hundred days the Lisa 2 0 comes with MacWorks a program to allow the Lisa to emulate a Macintosh This is necessary since the Lisa 2 0 which comes with 512K of RAM will not run any Lisa software The Lisa 2 0 which lists at 3495 or 1000 more than the Mac deserves consideration by anyone eager for more memory in a Mac or desirous of running Mac pro grams with a larger screen The Lisa screen is about 3 larger than Mac s on the diagonal and at least some programs MacWrite and Multiplan are two I have seen can use the extra space to display more informa tion than is visible on the Mac However the Lisa 2 0 is not 100 percent compatible with the Mac The screen aspect ratios are not the same hence in MacPaint circles appear as ellipses and everything is
96. any SSM has gone out of the card business and the other Mountain Computer CPS may not work with CP M Make sure that the card you are interested in will work with CP M before you buy it amp REMEMBER TO VOTE IN THE WAP ANNUAL ELECTIONS Ballots are available at the May 26 meeting or will be mailed to you 11 LOGOS IG NEWS bu Nancy TURTLE TRACKS LOGOSIG SCHEDULE 26 May No Meeting due to special May 5 Roundtable 23 Jun No Meeting 28 Jul LOGO SHARE at Kathy Boyle s 25 Aug No Meeting 22 Sep LOGO CELEBRATION The LOGOSIG has just completed a very active year culminating in the Logo in Our Schools Roundtable Since Barrie School will not be available during the summer and since most of our group will not be able to participate due to conventions travel vacations courses etc LOGOSIG has decided to meet only in July during this Summer That meeting will take place on July 28 at 12 45 pm at Kathy Boyle s at 7405 Denton Rd Bethesda MD See the following map for direc tions and or call Kathy at 717 245 0030 until June 30 and after 1 July at 301 652 2755 Directions from USUHS are 1 Turn left onto Wisconsin Ave 2 Turn right onto Elm 3 Turn right onto Denton 4 7405 Denton Rd Hor Suavres gt hoy koores oO AcDowacos April LOGOSIG Report At the April LOGOSIG meeting Kathy Boyle s husband Or Robert Boyle demonstrated the AtariLab which will soon be out for the
97. att Slot 2 corresponds to an Apple configured for a modem Serial Card Super Control characters can also be used to modify the performance of this port Both serial cards connect to their peripheral devices through a 5 pin DIN connector on the back of the c Slot 4 corresponds to the recently announced Apple Mouse card However unlike the separate AppleMouse the Mouse for the c plugs into the game paddle sock et The monitor ROM includes routines that permit the mouse to be used as game paddles and to read mouse movements from Applesoft programs Note that these are the only means for connecting input output devices No memory cards coprocessors such as the Z80 or 68000 cards or other interfaces can be easily connected to the c This limitation is the major advantage of a e over the c MEMORY The c includes 128K of RAM and looks exactly like a e with an extended 80 column card Hence the c supports double hi res graphics The c also has a different character generating ROM that defines 32 new mouse characters These icon charac ters contain symbols that are useful in designing mouse oriented input routines The Apple literature implies that these same symbols may someday be avail able on future e s that are icon supported The mouse characters are displayed as a part of the special 80 column mode available through the PR 3 PRINT CHR 27 command tn Applesoft PROCESSO
98. cacad 65 Surge Fro 6 autlets 27 MODEMS Tackler Par Greesees 99 Wabash Disk SSDD 19 Hayes Micromodem Ile 239 Videoterm 80 col 197 Verbatim Disk SSDD 24 Novation Cat I 90 Ultraterm ee ee he Paper 2 7K White 30 Novation Cat II 239 1 5 Group Volume Call Covers Surge Mac Pac 53 Frometheus 1200 369 Md Residents add S sales tax Call to order 301 972 5675 Shipping amp Handling Add 2 00 per software Minimum charge 2 00 Allow 2 weeks for delivery Write Encliose MO Cert or personal check payable ta JCM Computer Products F O Washington Apple Pi June 1984 Box 537 Germantown Md 20874 55 WAP READING LIBRARY by Walton One of the many benefits of having a club office is that it allows each member located in the D C area access to a microcomputer library of great scope and depth We have dozens of magazine titles and thous ands of magazine copies Our book collection is far more limited but growing rapidly at present about 150 titles Among the serial holdings are complete or almost complete collections of A Apple Orchard Byte Creative Comput ing Or Dobbs In Cider InfoWorld Interface Age Ki lobaud Microcomput ing Nibble Peelings II Personal Computing Personal Software Popular Computing Softalk and full or partial holdings of many other commercial magazines Francis The subject accompanying table displays eac
99. ce number 215 842 3335 301 097 2880 Ti11200A features Non glare amber screen Video band width 12 HZ Resolution 800 lines 24x20 display High quality material construction CRULE ONE IF ECOREL VALUE LIBERAL ECORATE VALUE LIBERAL OR ECOREL VALUE CONSERVATIVE ECORATE VALUE CONSERVATIVE THEN ECOVOTE VALUE AYE This rule format required one final addition to the inference engine the inclusion of TESTOR a function to handle if or then rules TESTOR should be in installed in the Vote workspace as follows look for it at your local computer store or mail your order DEFINE TESTOR LAMBDA RULE PROG ORS SETQ ORS CDADDD RULE LOOP COND NULL ORS RETURN T RECALL CAR ORS T RETURN NIL SETQ ORS CDR ORS GO LOOP WHAT NEXT FREE SHIPPING p OF Term COD or personal check Address 524R Belfield Ave Philadelnhnia PA 19144 Until now much of the work has gone into the develop ment of the inference engine and frames management functions But most practitioners in this field point out that the real power of an expert program is in the knowledge base ieee one future ve hal aa trate on refining the rules expanding the rules to include all five attribute categories using the Bas Box 1278 numerical ratings incorporating certainty factors and Columbia MD 21044 weighting mechanisms and introducing the use of demons Additional effort is
100. color or black white monitor if a TV is not used Apple also plans to offer an optional flat panel display next fall The c case cannot be opened Instead all connec tions are through standardized plugs and sockets located on the back or side of the case The c keyboard is butlt into the case and offers a full action contoured set of keys with a layout identical except for placement of the reset to the e A single disk drive is included in the main unit When in use the carrying handle on the back of the c case can fold down to prop up the keyboard on its intended angle and to provide ventilation through the bottom of the case TECHNICAL DIFFERENCES An open case and slots are unnecessary on the c because the standard input output circuitry is already built into the main unit As a result the ROM programs usually provided on interface cards are incorporated into the monitor ROMs of the c The c is the functional equivalent of a e with a disk controller and one drive attached in Slot 6 A socket in the back of the machine provides for the connection of another 143K drive in Slot 6 Drive 2 Apple offers a new Disk c which is functionally identical to the old standard Disk J except that it has a different plug on the end of the cable Slot 1 corresponds to an Apple Super Serial Card configured for a serial printer Note that because the ROM for this slot does not have the standard Mm lL
101. composed into three functional workspaces that share the same knowledge base Fig 1 Finally prelimi nary rules have been written and are stored as frames that can be moved into the workspaces for sequential processing At this time only one of five voting criteria is being evaluated BILL VOTE FRAMES WORKSPACE WORKSPACE WORKSPACE KNOWLEDGE BASE Figure 1 The decomposition of the program into separate work spaces combined with the frame management techniques gives the illusion of infinite memory This is a sig nificant deviation from most artificial intelligence expert programs which reside in RAM that must be expanded as the program grows This program is not core bound but one pays for this with a loss in speed The project is evolving into an Apple Expert System The structure and functions are beginning to deviate from those of Winston and Horn Ref 4 White the program is still a toy compared to industrial expert programs it is beginning to develop power and shows the potential to be useful for many applications HOW THE PROGRAM WORKS The program is operated by booting the disk containing the attribute frames of the senators This loads 100 individual frames into the pseudodisk A systems disk Washington Apple Pt FOR AN APPLE Mack is then booted to run P LISP Finally the operator loads one of three workspaces to begin the session The 8111 workspace leads the operator throug
102. copy portions of any Word Processor Database or Spreadsheet file and paste them into any Word Processor file Just like Lisa and Macintosh it performs this feat by means of a Clip board a special holding buffer in which material resides after being cut out of or copied from one file but before it s inserted or pasted into another Unlike on Lisa or Mac the AppleWorks Clip board is never represented on screen but prompts guide the user on how to employ it This feature activated via a common OPEN APPLE M Move command in all three programs allows you to create perfectly formatted documents with detailed database or spread sheet tables included in the middle of text It also lets you create boilerplate text passages that can be held in the Clipboard and used as needed in letters reports etc The Word Processor AppleWorks word processor is far superior overall to AppleWriter e 195 heretofore the most popular Apple J word processing program It wins hands down as well over Magic Window and the several simple home word processors issued lately i e Bank Street Writer Home Word Cut amp Paste Compared to the 300 WordStar it still looks very good It has most of WordStar s most desirable features and what it lacks is more than offset by its infinitely greater ease of execution and speed Unlike Apple Writer AppleWorks WP is of the what you see is what you get variety That is as margins chang
103. d and the printer Make sure the interface card is correctly inserted into the slot Make sure the cable from the printer to the card is correctly inserted at both ends Turn off the Apple and the printer and wiggle things to make sure they are firmly in place If you can t get any improvement try borrowing another cable and or interface card and see if it works then Your cable could have a break or the card may be bad If you are using a fancy interface card one with a buffer or with phantom slots Versacard for example try the printer with a plain vanilla parallel card It could be that if you have a card which requires some configuring you may not have it configured correctly Other things to try are to move your interface card to another slot or to take every other card you have out and leave the printer card as the only one It is possible for additions to the Apple to conflict b The result is garbled in some way what is printed is not what is typed or what shows on the screen There are doubled characters or more like ly missing characters There is something wrong in the communication between the Apple and the printer Try moving the interface card to a different slot try the printer with a different computer different cable different interface card and see if the problem disappears Try removing other cards too If your printer still does not work correctly when using a different computer interface ca
104. d save and load procedures and variables etc A useful way of viewing this level fs that we see a familiar prompt and we type in a list of instructions which are then executed After execution the prompt returns and we go on Logo can be made to simulate a such a TOPLEVEL condi tion TO TOP LOCAL DUMMY LIST TYPE 2 MAKE DUMMY LIST READLIST zero with the RANDOM operation to generate a set of RUN DUMMY LIST TOP contd 14 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi That s it This procedure will accept any Logo command and execute it after which it will type the prompt and await another command or commands One can enter the editor create procedures and exit one can also use all the special commands such as control w and control g to pause or halt execution To find out if any procedures were changed merely print out all procedures POPS and take a look Since the virus randomly samples the CONTENTS list the item chosen will not always be a user defined procedure and will therefore not get injected If the injected message is benign without outputs the procedure will appear to operate normally If however the message returns an output or if it includes a PRINT instruction then trouble will ensue As a final act of malice think of a message that would erase the containing procedure If control g is pressed one too many times while operating within the TOP TOPLEVEL simulation however you really will fi
105. d type away Are power surge devices really needed in the aver age home If so what type What cost There are a number of opinions on this my feeling is that it can t hurt If you have relatively clean power and refrigerators air conditioners and the like don t seem to bother your Apple when they turn on or off maybe you don t need one Most of the products on the market however will not help much if lightning strikes the power line The best solution is not to use your computer during a thunderstorm or better yet unplug it Of course if lightning only strikes near the power line a power surge protector could help There are vartous devices on sale they fall into two basic catagories The least expensive only have power surge devices varistors across the power line This will protect against spikes on the power line and its usually all you need These range in price from 20 to 70 and all are based on a 2 varistor I don t see that the more expensive ones are any better For really low cost you can buy varistors at Radio Shack and make your own out of an extension cord The second class of protectors have varistors and EM ElectroMagnetic Interfer ence filters If you live close to a TY station or have a neighbor with a CB it might be desirable to have an EMI filter These devices usually run 70 and up For the average household the EMI filter is probably not worth the money I have an MX 80FT printer and the paper g
106. dvanced VisiCalc has individual column widths split worksheets fixed titles pro tected cells special formats including dollar signs and marks lookup tables and manual or automatic calculation AppleWorks has fewer functions available but it includes ABS AVG CHOOSE COUNT ERROR INT LOOKUP MAX MIN NA SQRT SUM NPV and IF Those with specialized accounting or scientific interests may miss some others from VisiCalc but most users should find these adequate Editing and cursor movements are a snap on the spread sheet Copying Replicating and Moving columns and rows are similar to those functions in other parts of AppleWorks As in the database there s a print options menu with margin settings spacing and type font size choices And AppleWorks calculates whether the spreadsheet still fits on the page after changes are made contd on py 51 June 1984 25 HELF by Joan mY Bixby Help I am my printer doesn t work is a question I find asked frequently as the WAP hotline Apple Dot Matrix printer consultant I put together some sug gestions to help determine what is wrong with a mal functioning printer and maybe even how to make it work I have tried to generalize the comments so that they will apply to all dot matrix printers and not just the ADM The comments are arranged in order of decreasing severity starting with nothing happening when the printer is turned on and proceeding to the printer w
107. e name NEWSIG was misleading even to the ieaders of the sessions Too much time was spent in describing club services and not enough in actually helping These sessions held EVERY Thursday night at the office by enthusiastic knowledgeable volunteers will be renamed NEW OWNERS MEETINGS Their purpose to provide answers to new Apple owners questions We may have the session leaders pick specific attendee selected topics for a few of the sessions and publi cize these in the journal CALENDAR Our Editor has spent considerable effort to pull together club events into a single calendar format describing activities scheduled during the subsequent two months It was our feeling that this will simplify finding out what is going on when Are we correct As soon as this feature appears in the Journal please give us some feedback so that we can determine whether to include it monthly VOLUNTEER CO ORDINATOR Sue Roth has offered to act as a volunteer co ordinator If you want to help but don t know what help is needed give her a call Her phone number is listed in the masthead APPLE TECH NOTES Due to a busy schedule Ed Schenker is unable to continue an Apple Tech Notes column on the Technical Updates we occasionally receive from Apple We all appreciated Ed s efforts and extend a thanks to him and the several volunteers who stepped forward to carry on with this service Richard Langston will be putting selected tech notes into a
108. e so does the width of text on screen Another Apple Writer deficiency remedied here is that the writer can call up dotted line page breaks as in WordStar to see what text will be on what page The page break marks don t stay visible ail the time and the screen text doesn t show double or triple spacing But Appleworks word processor doesn t make you guess what your printed copy wil look like or force you to figure it out while it speeds by As mentioned above writers using AppleWorks get a full choice between an insert type and an overstrike type cursor Moving blocks is a snap There s no arrow direction to set no complex control codes to go through You just put the cursor at the start of the block hit OPEN APPLE M move the cursor to the end of the block the intervening text turns to inverse char acters hit return then put the cursor at the new location and hit return again Voila Essentially the same procedure is used to delete big blocks function is excellent But there s no WPL as in Apple Writer and no mail list merge feature yet Apple says maybe in a future version A partial substitute for small batches of letters is a feature whereby you can make the printer The find and replace stop at specified points and accept copy typed from the keyboard such as new names or addresses Tab setting is a breeze and one line headers and footers are allowed Print formatting is a snap Embedded dot or CTRL
109. e could be cut down to 2 minutes The consen sus was that that reduction would not have that much effect on increasing the accessibility of the ABBS George noted that when someone gets the capability of receiving data at 1200 baud from the ABBS they should consider changing their usage habits when connected to the ABBS by not using the S command but rather downloading atl the messages left since the last time on and scanning off line since this will actually result in less time spent on the ABBS Also discussed was additional WAP bulletin boards One comment made was that maybe what we need is unattended Apples which could be used for instance to upload articles for the WAP Journal or to download programs which are now listed on the ABBS The latter would free up at least part of the time now spent on the ABBS George Kinal announced that there are still some minor problems with the Anchor Mark XII in the answer mode and that a new PROM has been received by Tom Warrick Washington Apple Pi Mews and he will weeks be checking it out over the next few The meeting ended after the announcement that the meeting for June will be at the club office and will be announced in the WAP Journal S TELECOMM MEETING amp TUTOR IAL The Telecommunications SIG is holding a special meet ing on June 11 a Monday at the WAP office This will be a tutorial on the installation initial con SPECIAL AE PRO figuration and use
110. e execution Let s say I press lt CTRL F gt followed by A Given my solution of problem 1 you would see on the Monitor for example PRINT A A The solution of this challenge would result in only A being on the Monitor 3 In this utility lt ESCape gt negates the efficacy of a Macro However lt ESCape gt is also widely used for pro gram editing For example lt ESCape gt I moves the cursor up lt ESCape gt is also widely used by many word processors for editing Therefore perhaps some other key would be more appropriate for negating the effica cy of displaying and or executing a Macro For these and other changes additions stay tuned until next month ASSEMBLED CODE the end of the Function Although we still have en YYTIT ILI TTL iit business to conduct with the first Function byte we 2 have the presence of mind to set up access to the 3 FUNCTION KEYS second etc byte s of the Function in line 102 a of F With current business still before us however we 5 USER A then quantify the distance from the left margin of the 5 PUNCO TON Berenta Monitor line 103 Note that we ve still got the 8 first Function byte in the Accumulator and it s with PIYTIVIT ITT TTT STITT t that byte that we execute the mandatory RTS at the end of our filter line 107 As a direct result il ORG 7000 Execution Address it s this Function byte that gets displayed on the 12
111. ed this Macro set using Charlie Brown s utility you must make sure that the Macro set s BSAVE address and length do not inter fere with VisiCalc itself Statement 500 of the Applesoft Driver allows customization of this address and length just in case of conflict If the memory map described above suffices however leave Statement 500 atone Yes your Macro set is stored on the Motherboard but only when actually used So there is still the trade off mentioned earlier However customization of Statement 500 will eliminate any interference with the program you are using the Macro set with such as VisiCalc In this sense then the 32 June 1984 AM z AAR WHAT AM trade off effectively disappears Speaking of the Applesoft Driver I would suggest some minor modifications that pertain to data retrieval via GET versus via INPUT This Driver retrieves the following 1 The End Input Symbol Statement 200 2 The Special Function Key one byte long such as 0 which could stand for PRINT CHR 4 OPEN FILENAME Statements 230 240 3 The Macro Function Definition beginning at Statement 260 As you notice all three use GET for data retrieval GET has its definite advantages However if you make a mistake on data entry you ll have to start over from the beginning of the whole Macro set Via GET once the key is pressed the ASCII value of the char acter is immediately POKEd into memory Not so with
112. er the Past President the Editor of the WAP Journal the Head Librarian and seven Directors at Large 2 Article VII Section 8 first sentence shall be amended to read The President or in his absence the Designated Vice President shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors 3 Article VIII Section 1 shall be amended to read The officers of the Corporation shall be the Presi dent Vice President for Programs Vice President for Special Interest Groups Secretary Treasurer Editor of the Journal Head Librarian Bulletin Board Operat or and Director of Group Purchase The President Vice President for Programs Vice President for Special Interest Groups Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected annually by the members pursuant to Article IX hereof 4 Article VII Section 3 shall be amended to read VICE PRESIDENTS The Vice President for Programs shall serve as an administrative assistant to the President and shall oversee and coordinate the efforts of all committees and regularly scheduled programs including the community bulletin board The Vice President for Special Interest Groups shall serve as an administrative assistant to the President and shall oversee and coordinate the efforts of the Special Interest Groups and special publications From time to time the President shall designate one of the Vice Presidents who shall in the absence of the President or in the event of the President s disabil ity
113. ere s a simple STUB that should be fun to try on your MAC 10 ROUT 108282 POKE 108282 78 POKE 108283 117 20 CALL ROUT 30 PRINT Entered machine language subroutine and returned 40 END The CALL in line 20 goes to the stub which we POKEd in line 10 the routine is simply a 68000 RTS The program doesn t do much but you ll be one of the first people in the world to gain control of the MAC s CPU ARQUIMEDES was announced as PI SIG s on line technical help BBS number is 332 9512 ARQUIMEDES is a two level 88S and PI SIG will have access to the higher level where there s plenty of space Our thanks to Sam Hargadine who is the SYSOP of ARQUIMEDES For passwords call the PI SIG chairman A Z 80 card is available for use in the WAP classroom enabling us to offer instruction in 8080 and 2 80 Assembly Language If anyone is interested contact PI SIG to let us know which assembly language s you are interested in seeing offered People with assembly language programs utilities or ideas for such to be put into the WAP library are encouraged to contact PI SIG s new librarian Mike Vore 992 4953 Assembly language problems are welcome too since it is the problems that get us to generate the solutions 28 June 1984 Hobbs SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE SUMMER SALE C Itoh ProWriter II c eee0 9 Hot Dot 180 CPS 460 00 180 CPS 132 column 645 00 Color 180 CPS 550 00 Okidata Microline 9
114. ers will not have access The c is well suited for its primary market homes to the competitive printer market created by the JC and schools The price will prove very competitive Radio Shack and IBM PC compatibles However some against the IBM PC Jr However if you are a J owner manufacturers such as Okidata sell printers that will thinking about upgrading your system I suspect that operate with either serial or parallel input and a you will be happier with a e amp large number of serial printers are already on the market 22 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi Operant Systems HARDWARE DISK DAIVES MicroSci A2 drive 100 Apple compatible Shugart 390 Rana Systeas Elite One drive 40 track 163K Elite Two 40 track double side 326K Elite Three 80 track double side 652K TEAC Thinline drive 40 track 100 Apple compatible Oavong Corvus and Corona Winchester drives CP M amp 6502C SYSTEMS Applicard 6 Mhz 2 80 64K to 192K RAM 70 col videol Microsoft Softcard JCe 2 60 80 col amp 64K on one card Softcard includes CP M 2 2 and MBASIC OR Gold Card 6 Mhz 80 col 64 192K CP M 3 0 CBASIC ALS CP M Plus System 6 Mhz 2 60 64K RAM CP M 3 0 Titan Systeas Accelerator JC 3 6 Mhz 6502C processor Speed Demon 650C high speed coprocessor MONTTORS Aadek 300G 12 green anti glare screen 16Mhz 300A 12 aaber anti glare screen 18Khz Color I 40 coluan text color graphics NEC JB 1201
115. ets out of alignment and curls up What can be done to keep it properly registered As far as I am aware the Epson doesn t have any particular problems with paper registration However most printers that accept both friction feed and pin feed paper have a platen control lever When the printer is used with pin feed paper the platen control tever should be set to release the rollers on the platen Except for the holes on the side of the paper engaging the pins on the platen the paper should move freely Having this lever jin the wrong position is usually the cause of paper jaming What speed up boards are available for the Apple Do they work on binary programs or just Applesoft As of this writing late April there is only one board available the Accelerator This board was originally designed by Number Nine and is currently being sold by Saturn Systems now renamed Titan Technologies Inc Other boards have been advertised but they are not delivering on a regular basis The Accelerator contains a fast 6502 processor and 64K of high speed memory for use with the processor The regular Apple memory cannot be used with the Accelerator because it isn t fast enough If you have the extended 80 column text card the extra memory on that won t work either The Accelerator will speed up all kinds of programs binary as well as Applesoft because the faster 6502 processor effectively replaces the one in your Apple Titan claims the speed imp
116. ew was quite favorable of my product the S C Macro Assembler I appreciate how much effort goes into an article of this kind I would like to correct some errors of fact though Let s start with price Version 1 0 of S C Macro is 80 not 60 amen it is available through dis counters at 60 Version 1 1 which has been avail able for over a year now is 92 50 Owners of 1 0 can upgrade to 1 1 for 12 50 Ray says that comment lines must be delimited by lt ESOL Comment lines are indicated in the normal standard way that I have been using for over 20 years on all sorts of computer systems if the first charac ter in the tabel field is either or it is a comment line lt ESC gt L is a shorthand feature which is used to generate a special comment line which is an asterisk followed by a series of dashes these are used to visually beautify listings but of course are in no way required Ray is not alone in his distaste for my use of Ctri I as a tab character but Ctri I is the ASCII code for tab and the TAB key on the Apple e generates Ctri I Version 1 1 does support 80 columns in three ver sions Apple e Videx and STB 80 Line numbers can be generated the way described but we also have a fully automatic mode The macro capability is more complete than Ray observes He said you cannot pass string parameters to a macro However you can Although the macro library included on the release disk include
117. f Apple Logo that takes advantage of the 128K The program does the bank switching I am an Apple owner and would love to have the 7000 instead of 2500 nodes of user space Oh for 128K A L II has better file management with fast savepict and loadpict capabilities It uses ProDOS that allows hierarchal subdirectories to be created Now each child can have his own directory There is a call command which assists in interfacing machine language routines There is a new Help command which allows the user to ask help commandname to get information regarding that command In addition there is a help menu that comes built in with a mini reference card that summarizes commands The user can even make his own help menu Copydef now goes from old to new It is easier to edit Logo files The editor can be used better as a word processor and its contents can be easily dis played with PO filename There is a dribble file contd Washington Apple Pi all commands entered into a The dribble capability that sends history file on a disk or to the printer can later be edited The A L burying II still has property lists packaging and Burying can now be done just by saying Bury procname or Bury with a list of procedures No longer must you package before burying In addition the garbage collection feature is more efficient with less lost atoms parts of nodes If you are an Apple e owner with 128K you will be gl
118. f its kind with quality selections of every description from more than 20 of the most respected makers in the business All at a discount off manufacturer s suggested retail prices If you haven t received your copy call 202 333 7502 Or write a Interior Design Systems IDS 3641 St Mary s Place N W Washington DC 20007 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi Highest Quality Lifetime Guarantee DISKETTES 1 65 5 4 soft sectored hub ring envelopes double density double sided on APPLE drives 100 for 155 100 single sided for 149 Hard plastic stand up 10 diskette carrying cases 2 75 each 4 for 10 beige black blue green grey red yellow Smoked plastic flip top 75 diskette file cases 19 50 Heavy duty nibbling tool 22 Disk Drives 100 APPLE compatible 40 199 track full size Siemens type quality drives with manufacturer s 1 year warrantee Controller card 65 COD amp VISA Master Card orders welcome Add 4 for shipping amp handling only 2 for orders under 50 plus 6 sales tax for DC residents Send for our catalog VF ASSOCIATES Western Ave N W Wash D C 20015 202 363 1313 APPLE ACCESSORIES Monitors 12 hi res green 98 amber 104 cable 3 Modems 300 baud 109 with software 152 1200 baud 279 RF Modulators with own power supply and all connectors 39 EPS expansion keyboard w 2 modules keypad function keys 290 Data Plotter
119. f they linger too long on a key an unwanted string of characters is generated This is a particular difficulty for 16 June 1984 persons who lack muscular control rectify the situation So here s how to Turn off your e and remove the top On the right front quadrant you ll find the Encoder IC it s marked KR 3600 017 GENTLY remove this chip from its socket Pin 1 of the chip is identified by a dot on the case Count back to PIN 5 and GENTLY bend this pin outward 90 degrees So that the repeat function is not perma nently disabled attach a short wire to a mini test clip Radio Shack 270 372 and strip 4mm of insulation from the wire Insert the bare wire into the 5th socket and reinsert the Encoder chip CAREFULLY into its socket When you want to activate the repeat function you merely have to attach the test clip to PIN 5 which is sticking out Keyboard ae ENCODER CHIP PIN 5 m_ a Test Clip WOOL Te A RESOURCE GUIDE Apple has recently issued a very short publication entitled Personal Computers and the Disabled A Resource Guide The publication can be obtained from your Apple dealer A2F0170 The dealers we know of only received two each So if your dealer s stock has been depleted have them inform Apple that there is a need for more Nevertheless the publication is an improvement over Apple s only other publication on the subject way back in 1981 It will provide some people with a s
120. h such an arrangement with any local users group So far there is no consensus of the Board as to how to handle this Discussion has included sharing the annual dues by bulk shipping the Journal to a single location thus saving WAP the mailing expenses which can be passed back to the local group This appears to be about 3 to 5 dollars per member Other possi bilities include bulk shipping quantity orders of disks library or blanks to a single location thus saving the local user the cost of shipping We will continue to discuss this subject In the meantime if you belong to a local group that would be interested in such an arrangement please let us know Would your local group members be willing to pick up the WAP journal and library disks at your local meeting place TUTORIALS FOR YOUNGER MEMBERS On several occasions during the past year we have asked for volunteers to organize a program for younger members aged 7 to 12 to take place while our main meeting is going on We have been unsuccessful at getting three or four people to volunteer We want to know how much interest there is for such a session and whether parents would be prepared to pay a modest amount perhaps 2 50 for it We have heard from several people that they would take responsibility for organizing and presenting short tutorials so long as there is some compensation for their efforts What is your interest HARDWARE SOFTWARE REVIEWS Two members have volu
121. h an interactive dialogue to develop the attributes of a piece of legislation Actually the program backward chains through a set of rules while using the operat or as its reader and interpreter of the written bill Once this is done the program formats the attributes as a frame displays the result to the operator and when approved saves the frame to disk and overwrites the main RAM with the next workspace The Vote workspace uses the bill and senator frames in conjunction with another set of rules to determine how the senators will vote on the bill provided they vote according to their attributes and provided the operator has correctly interpreted the legislation The operator kas the choice of evaluating individual senators or the entire senate The program forward chains through the rules deduces the vote and stores the result on a blackboard frame After all 100 sena tors are processed the result is summarized and dis played In the individual senator mode backtrack and explanation functions are available to tell how the deduction was reached The third workspace ts for frame creation editing and maintenance This is essentially the frame management system discussed in an earlier article with the addi tional capability to load and save the frames to and from disk storage FRAME MANAGEMENT FROM VIRTUAL MEMORY One of the strengths of an expert program written in LISP is the separation of the inference engine from
122. h book title by The rating column shows the score given by Nicita s Reader s Guide to Microcomputer Books as available The Nicita Guide is an evaluative bibliography which provides brief and penetrating reviews If you have always wondered what Pascal was about or how to wire your home for energy control or just how much Apple software there is in the world or what ever we have a book or two and articles for you to browse through at the club office You can also photocopy key pages for a nominal charge Sorry however no lending yet Books are expensive our collection would cost over 3 000 to duplicate and we would love to have more donations We don t limit our books to the Apple or even to microcomputers though we will keep that focus Duplicates are welcome as well since that will help us to start lending The only books we discourage are the ones with titles like How to Understand Personal Computers including a 1980 Vendor List and 100 Pages of Drivel about BASIC The book listing is on a Multiplan spreadsheet file as a matter of simple convenience If anyone has a good DBMS system to recommend it should be one which uses standard DOS text files for the time when we get professional about cataloging please get in touch In addition we have a voluminous collection of club magazines and newsletters including of course For now donate or read as you choose Washington Apple Pi and Call A P P L E Washing
123. hat brand and what type to buy since there are so many factors to consider when making that decision It was also mentioned that even though 1200 baud is now very popular we can look to 2400 baud as a future standard for business use Someone related his exper jence with ASCII Express Professional He stated that he had gotten an I 0 error when running the program and so had sent the original disk back three months ago to Southwestern Data Systems explaining the prob lems He has not heard anything from them since that time and has sent a follow up letter It was noted that Southwestern Data Systems no longer supports this program It is now supported by United Software Industries 1880 Century Park East Suite 311 Los Angeles CA 90067 213 556 2211 It was suggested that they be contacted about the problem Another item discussed is the experience with the WAP ABBS now that 1200 baud capability has been imple mented George has noted that before the implementa tion it was very seldom that the ABBS answered on the first ring After the implementation it now seems that redialing is not required as much It was noted that at present we have no way of knowing how many people are calling the ABBS and getting a busy signal The establishment of time limits on the ABBS were also discussed At present if someone is connected to the ABBS and they fail to give a command within 7 or so minutes they are disconnected Someone suggested that that tim
124. he National Naval Medical Center Library transactions journal pickup memberships etc are from 8 45 10 00 AM From 9 00 to 10 00 AM there is an informal Help session in the auditorium The main meeting starts promptly at 10 00 at which time all sales and services close so that volunteers can attend the meet ing A sign interpreter and reserved seating are provided for the hearing impaired Following are dates and topics for upcoming months June 23 Garage Sale The Executive Board of Washington Apple Pi meets on the second Wednesday of each month at 7 30 PM at the Call i office All members are welcome to attend office for any changes WAI ELECT ION WAP s annual Ballots were distributed at our May 26 meeting and are being mailed to those members who did not pick them up on May 26 elections are underway All ballots must be returned by June 15 to be counted Please remember to return your ballot to the WAP Office All WAP Officers and Directors are up for election to serve a one year term beginning July 1 We wil elect a President Vice President for SIGS Vice President for Programs Secretary Treasurer and seven Direc tors at large In addition the ballot contains several non binding referenda questions regarding the future course of the Pi Please vote g Washington Apple Pi 5 I6 ANEUS APPLE SIG meets on the second Thursday of the month at 7 30 PM The next
125. hich stands for Display FunctioN as we shall see shortly Then the very First Byte of the matched Function is retrieved Its high bit will be set otherwise we would have reached first Function byte is displayed through line 102 sets up access to the second Func tion byte With the second pass then line 100 loads this second byte the latter being displayed on the third pass And so on and so on UNTIL the last Function byte whose high bit is clear Line 101 then effects a branch to the label OVER First the old With the first pass address BEG is stored in KSW and second the high bit of this last Function byte is set The reason is because upon the next automatic iteration of looking for still more input the indirect JuMP this time jis to line 51 which then treats this last Function byte as a normal one Unless its high bit is set the JSR FD1B on line 51 will not output this last byte to the screen Well the above is quite alot stuffed into a meager 139 bytes Excellent job Charlie Next month I will present some major alterations to Charlie Brown s utility wish to fix include Some of the problems I 1 INPUT versus GET I definitely like the correcting capabilities that INPUT provides However how do I effect the execution of a specific Macro without having to additionally press lt CR gt error 2 Speaking of execution maybe I don t want to dis play the actual command befor
126. his form with the proper fee s payable to Washington Apple Pi Ltd to Washington Apple Pi Ltd Attn Tutorials 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MD 20814 Name Daytime Phone Evening Phone Total Enclosed INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Anderson Jacobson Back Cover MinuteWare 2 ww wee te te ee te Apollo Electronics Inc on Ke BA Ned Sed 0 DD Operant Systems s s 2 2 6 we we eo 2 23 Bridget Software Co 37 Paragon Technologies Inc 17 Centauri Distributing Co 53 PM International 2 242 o o e 36 Clinton Computer or le al am ay hes ve tee Rak Ware 4 m dso a ase oe cot Sac ee AL Comm Center 2 e Inside Back Ramada Computer Products 2I Computer Den Ltd s 1 6 ee we ew ew e28 Robins Inc 1 2 2 we ew we we ew we we 1H Frederick Computer Products 1 Shinlee Corporation s s assesses 49 Interior Design Systems cee TZ Software Centre Inside Front JCM Computer Products 4 55 Software City esses 2 2 we ee ae Y EROSIN oe ii APS wanted fe teeta Bee de a CO Sunstan wc 64 4 ee 8 we wee ee we oe 29 Master Maze System 1 2 2 ee ee 2 Tri State Systems 4 2 24 2 4l Micro Connection 2 6 ee e e 30 Tysons Corner Center ssassn 9 MicroPower Ltd 2 2 or es tee ce SS VF Associates 2 1 6 ee ee ee ew ew we ee 13 Micro Star Co ww we ww ew we we ew ee 89 60 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi TH
127. hout dictating certain par ticular experiments to the user In his demonstra tion Dr Boyle used the temperature software to determine the dew point in the room the temperature at which the room would fill with fog and to give a visual tutorial on graphing temperature versus time measurements He also showed how the software could be used to measure and graph temperature variations over time periods ranging from 10 seconds to 24 hours In addition Or Boyle demonstrated Logo procedures that can be used to measure temperatures with the AtariLab TM hardware A Logo or BASIC programmer could design very specialized applications Other modules currently under development include a light module which will allow experiments involving the measurement and absorption of light a Crimelab module which will allow experiments in forensic science and a timekeeper module which provides general purpose timing functions APPLE LOGO II amp APPLE c There is not only a new Apple the c but a Logo to run on it The c is the extremely slim and portable JE which just arrived in April with 128K Although it has extra memory it is stil an 8 bit processor It comes with a built in drive but has no expansion slots Like the Mac it comes prepackaged with lots of interfaces for printer and modem It offers and lower case text and 40 and 80 columns upper The Apple Logo II A L II by Logo Computer Systems Inc is an upgrade o
128. icle and especially his conclusion intrigued me the fact that since MacBASIC programs run ten times faster on a Macintosh than Applesoft on the J this is another reason to buy a Mac I on the other hand would argue that it is time to change your language In proof I offer the following chart that is a copy of Richard s chart published last month with two FORTH languages added A word of explanation is in order for those who missed last month s chart The first five benchmark programs were lifted from an article by Scot Kamins that appeared in the April 1984 issue of Byte magazine Richard added the times for MS BASIC which is Micro soft s Basic for the Macintosh and for Applesoft All the times appear reasonably consistent with the exception of benchmark 5 for MacBASIC Kamins described this as an integer divide however the critical line in his program was y x div 3 where x and y are floating point numbers There was no other explanation in the article and the time appears abnormally short compared to the other languages Otherwise MacBASIC ranged from 1 7 to 10 4 times faster than Applesoft Now let us turn our attention to the two columns for FORTH FORTH is in general an integer number only language that is no provision is made for floating point numbers However in FORTH data types can be defined as desired so that floating point numbers could be included in the language if you wanted and some commercial versions of F
129. ill also allow superscripts and subscripts Ellen Bouwkamp has acquired a list of proposed Macin tosh software provided by the U S Department of Agriculture Information Technology Center This list is available in the WAP office A font editor is being distributed to developers Compuserve s MacTEP is public domain software which is undergoing constant improvement so that it will soon be better than MacTerminal for communicating over modems e g to Compuserve When MacTEP is running however desk accessories cannot be used because of memory allocation conflicts You need Microsoft BASIC to run this program An earlier version of MacTEP was published in A However typesetting errors were made Users can correct by inserting greater than and less than signs into the A program The second issue of MacWorld is more substantive than the first issue and provides a review of Microsoft Chart a plotting program This software is reported to be powerful but slow Version 1 01 of Microsoft Multiplan will soon be available at dealers Owners can exchange the earlier and error prone version Two members brought their Macs and gave demonstrations of Microsoft BASIC which lists for 150 but costs less through WAP s group purchase The upgrade to the 1 01 versions will cost in the vicinity of 25 to 1 0 owners Version 2 0 will have substantial docu mentation and will cost 50 to upgrade A bug in the 1 0 version causes the S
130. imal interrupt and the program counter as mentioned earlier keeps track of where we are in the program With only three data registers available A X and Y to the programmer the 6502 appears to be poverty stricken This is true as you will see when we go on to examine the other chips There never seem to be enough registers available on the 6502 However the 6502 is the only chip to allow a range of true jin direct addressing although only one level of indirection is available and this wealth of addres sing capability makes up for the lack of registers Drawing no distinction between zero page and any other page the 6502 allows for eight modes of addressing including four indirect modes After learning to use those eight modes of addressing effectively with the paucity of available data registers it s really a cinch to learn any of the other chips rather like going to automatic transmission after learning stick shift THE 8080 The 8080 chip from INTEL is a bigger and faster 8 bit microprocessor than the 6502 Use of the 8080 has been largely supplanted by its cousin from ZILOG the Z 80 So why bother to study it then If you happen to have purchased Microsoft s 2 80 card with CP M you have an 8080 assembler available as part of the package 8080 programs are upward compati ble with the Z 80 chip As a matter of fact if you have a 2 80 card on your Apple you can run programs for any one or all of the 6502 8080 and
131. in up to 32 megabytes of data but a volume is limited to merely half that or 16 megabytes At the moment there are no mass storage devices for the Apple that can contain that amount of information so ProDOS really is the future directories are Using the UNIX like file system nested in each other with an almost unlimited number of directories stored on one disk This makes it especially easy to use a hard drive or other mass storage device AN OVERVIEW The ProDOS catalog command is formated for an 80 column screen with a shorter version cat for the 40 column screen Information included in the catalog includes file name type the number of blocks of storage space it occupies when it was last modified day month year time when it was created same information endfile and subtype information No spaces periods are are allowed in ProDOS filenames instead used There are are several file types used under ProDOS SYS for system files BAS for Applesoft Basic files BIN for binary files TXT for text files 0F for custom user files CMD for command files REL for relocatable files and VAR for Apple soft variable files Command files are not yet used but they may be used in the future to increase the power of ProD0S The VAR type allows Applesoft varia bles and arrays to be stored on disk and are retrieved easily into memory Since ProO0S belongs to the future and not the past Integer Basic has been tota
132. instructions I m no engineer and I still marvel at the fact that the device works at all but in lay man s terms this is about what happens an instruc tion is fed into one of the registers the Instruction Register and interpreted If data must be fetched from or sent to memory the address of that location in memory is calculated and placed on the address bus Then the command is executed Data itself moves along the data bus to or from the address on the address bus During this time another register the Program Counter is updated to point to the next instruction to be placed into the Instruction Register so that the process can be repeated Of course this descrip tion of the CPU s inner workings is well watered down but it gives a general idea of the type of thing that must be accomplished within the chip The programmer has access to the data registers index BINARY TALES Architecture counter except as a side product of another oper tion The Accumulator A REG is where all the arithmetic bit manipulation and input output 1 0 operations occur although it can also be used for data storage the X and Y registers are general purpose indexing and storage registers the stack pointer SP maintains control of the 256 byte system stack on page 01 in the Apple the status register contains flags for determining results of operations positive negative carry overflow equality or mode setting tdec imal hexadec
133. ion The Acadeaic Apple Discover FORTH 1984 Prograaser s Markat Coeputer Dictionary Coeputer Typesetting Experisents amp Projects Conputer Wiep Crash Course in Microcoaputers Don t Or How to Care for Your Cosputer Nailing Jelly to a Tree Running Wild The Cheap Video Cookbook The Devil s DP Dictionary The Personal Coaputer in Business Book The Micro Milleniua Using Microcoaputers in Business Apple Coaputer Graphics The Power of VisiPlot LISP Apple Logo Apple Logo Priser Discovering Apple Lago Introducing Logo Learning with Logo Logo An Introduction The Apple Macintosh Book Presenting the Macintosh Nicrocosputers in Large Crganizations The Mythical Man Month A BASIC Pragraeser s Guide to Pascal AI About Pascal Apple Pascal Reference Manual Pascal Prograsning for the Apple Pascal Prograes for Gaees amp Graphics Pascal for BASIC Progranaers Pascal A Problea Solving Approach Problee Solving Principles for Pascal Software Tools in Pascal 1 2 3 60 Doing Business with SuperCalc Doing Business with VisiCalc Executive VisiCale for the Apple Coeputer The DIF File The Power of Multiplan The TK Solver Book The VisiCate Book Apple Edition VisiCalc Advanced Version VisiCalc Hose and Office Coapanion VisiCale Models for Business Apple If Word Processing Introduction to Word Processing Minute Manual for Apple Writer e WordStar Made Easy Washington Apple Pi Wallace 1981
134. ith printer defaults usually an Epson sometimes others too Every printer type even printing Washington Apple Pi others from the same manufacturer has different control commands You need to configure your programs to work with your printer How to do that depends on the program and will be explained in the program documentation I am sorry not to be of much help this is where most people have trouble but it really is very specific to the programs What works for one program will in general not be what to do for another 7 Perforated paper rips and jams This is a problem I have found when using lightweight 15 1b grade paper One solution is to buy heavier more expensive paper Another is to watch the printer as it prints and interrupt the printing at the first sign of a jam 8 No manual Printer Pester first and manual later seems to be the style the manufacturer shipper and or dealer until you get a manual You paid for your printer you deserve decent documentation on how to use it Also watch the newsletters and journals for articles and suggestions on using your printer The WAP journal Nibble inCider Softaik and Call A P P L E are all good places to look Articles programs and hotline consultants however are all only supplements to a good manual on how to use your printer and can never take the place of one This dis based on a documentation file which will be provided on a diskette of pr
135. lege Scan IV is derived from data tapes from the National Center for Education Statis tics and is said to contain over 385 000 searchable pieces of information Various SAT programs are available The recent one from Portnato has had a good reception including as it does a diagnostic overview Data Capture is used to access Dialog at a special rate of 15 an hour for students and to log on to the MCPS Department of Instructional Resources Bulle tin Board This offers online information about meetings deadlines news and resources for media spectalists and teachers in MCPS and is open to all schools in Montgomery County Use of the computers is intensive The most used programs are PFS File Report and ScreenWriter both used daily The juniors use the SAT programs a great deal and the seniors use College Scan The bot tleneck continues to be the small amount of computer time per student and more machines are eagerly awaited cs Paragon Technologies Inc offers classes in our IBM PC laboratory and Apple lle laboratory in McLean Getting Started With The Micro Computer VISICALC LOTUS 4 2 3 d Base Il WordStar Programming in BASIC Computer assisted SAT preparation All classes are hands on with one person per computer Call 556 9659 or write to us P O Box 6128 McLean Virginia 22106 June 1984 17 AP PASC FROM THE STASK by Robert E I bring exciting news from the
136. lly eliminated from ProD0S Along with the new file types several DOS commands have been added or extended The commands store and restore have been added to deal with Applesoft vari ables If a variable or array needs to be stored on disk the command CHR 4 STORE VAR is used and ICHR 4 RESTORE VAR is used to bring the variable back into memory An aspect of this command that is particularly interesting is its ability to store arrays This makes it much easier to write programs that store data in arrays onto diskette since it eliminates the need to write a text file Another new command flush helps protect text files If a program is interrupted while it ts writing a text file the command FLUSH FILE will write all the data currently in the buffer onto the disk This avoids possible data loss due to an interruption in the pro gram Another variable E has been added to the BSAVE com mand E end can be used instead of L length when a file is being saved The L parameter can also be used with BLOAD in ProDOS This allows the user to select the part of the file to load into memory 40 June 1984 ProbOS Prose Langston The command FRE has been added to ProDOS to decrease the time necessary for Applesoft to do a garbage col lection One of the most impressive features of ProDOS is the enhancement of the PR and IN commands It is now possible to specify an address for these commands PR 3 A 300
137. ly Language Progr aseing Kane 1981 90 Chips Wicrocoaputers Microprocessors Hilburn 1976 Asseably 80804 8065 Asseably Language Prograaeing Leventhal 1978 Chips Microprocessor Handbook Ward 1975 Asseably Apple I Asseably Language De Jang 1982 75 Chips The 8080 8085 Micraprocessor Book Intel 1980 Asseably Apple Machine Language inean 1981 90 Chips Using the 6800 Microprocessor Poe 1978 Asseably Assesbly Lines The Book Wagner 1982 CosaunicationThe Complete Handbook of PC Coaaunications Glosstr er 1983 90 Asseably Beyond Games Systea Software for 6502 Skier 1981 DoS Beneath Apple BOS Worth 1981 90 Asseably MOS 6500 Microcoaputer Progranaing nos 197b bos The DOS Manual Apple 1981 Asseably Programming a Microcosputer 6502 Foster 197865 Dos The Do s and Don ts of OOS Vers 3 2 Apple 1979 Asseably THE GUIDE to What s Where in the Apple Lueblert 1981 Data Base Data Base Manageaent Systeas Kruglinski 1963 65 contd 56 June 1984 Washfngton Apple Pi Data Base Data Base Data Rase Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Directory Education Education Education Education Education Education Education Education FORTH General General General General General General General General General General General General General Graphics Graphics LISP Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Macintosh
138. maining Binary code stands alone a 139 byte engine and your Macros in the caboose In general this engine is nothing but a sophisti cated filter through which all keyboard INPUT must pass Under normal conditions when you press a key the ROM routine at FDOC checks if any key has been pressed If so then it loads into the Accumulator the ASCII Character Code of the pressed key Subse quently the value in the Accumulator is transmitted to whatever output device the operator has selected To filter or intercept the Keyboard input we need to investigate this ROM routine at FD0C We find that this routine executes an indirect JuMP to the Key input SWitch KSW located at 0038 39 With DOS not active the address stored in KSW is FO1B which is the ROM routine that checks for an honest to goodness keypress any key So all we gotta do is place the nal that we are coming to a Macro The next byte following this lt CTRL F gt specifies which Macro Charlie Brown s engine then searches all the single byte descriptors until a match is made Once a match is made all bytes following the correct descriptor are displayed on the Monitor up to and including the byte whose high bit is clear Another key is pressed another lt CTRL F gt followed by a unique one byte descriptor And so forth UNTIL f 2 lt ESCape gt turns off access to Macros Our filter is de coupled from KSW The address FD1B is put back into KSW
139. meeting will be on June 13 at Universal Computers 1710 Fern Street Alexan dria VA APPLESEEDS is the younger members meeting special interest group for our They meet during the regular WAP See Appleseeds News elsewhere in this issue CESIG is the special interest group of computer entre peneurs They meet after the monthly WAP meeting at the club office DISABLEDSIG See DISABLEDSIG News elsewhere in this issue EDSIG the education special interest group see the EDSIG Page elsewhere in this issue FORTHSIG will hold its next meeting on Saturday June 16 at 1 00 PM in the WAP office LAWSIG usually meets in downtown Washington D C at noon once a month For information call Charles 6 Field Chairman 265 4040 or Jim Burger 822 1093 LOGOSIG meets monthly at 12 45 after the regular WAP meeting at the Barrie School 13500 Layhill Road Silver Spring MD See LOGOSIG News elsewhere in this issue NEWSIG will meet just after the regular Washington Apple Pi meeting and conducts a drop in for new Apple owners on Thursday evenings from 7 30 9 00 PM in the office They will answer questions and try to help new owners get their systems up and running PIG the Thursday PI SIG formerly ASMSIG has a new emphasis program interface They usually meet after the regular WAP meeting For further details including information on tutorials see the PI SIG news elsewhere in this issue or call Ray Hobbs
140. n teered to co ordinate amore organized effort to review new products Ray Hobbs will act as software review co ordinator Scott Rullman will do the same for hardware They will be writing to vendors for review copies and will work with volunteer reviewers to prepare an article for the Journal If you would mee to help them call them or leave your name at the office GARAGE SALE We will hold our semi annual garage sale at our June meeting Joe Fuchs who has served so effectively as co ordinator will again be your host Gather up your worn out adventure and arcade games and other underused software and hardware items When you come into the USUHS facility you will need to check the items in with the guards and get a sticker to show it was brought in for the sale One small change in procedures Only two people per display will be allowed in the cafeteria before 10 45 We are doing this to solve a problem which has occurred in the past Displayers and their assist ants have been permitted into the cafeteria to set up before all others are allowed and are thus granted an early opportunity to view all items for sale We continue to have displayers show up with five assist ants each carrying one heavy arcade game By limiting the assistants we hope the participation before 10 45 will be set up only td contd Washington Apple Pi MULTIPLE BULLETIN BOARDS We are feasibility of breaking out some of the most po
141. n article format so we can all benefit from them FACILITIES COORDINATOR Jim Taylor has been doing a marvelous job as facilities co ordinator at USUKS His help has been sorely needed If you need resources for a meeting contact Jim SIG CHAIRMEN The previous message is important to SIG Chairmen If you need space please contact Jim two months in advance to insure you will have a room This is particularly important since we are paying a guard to be available so that we can have space in a second building If this space is not needed we must tell the protection service six weeks in advance ARTICLES Two messages 1 keep those marvelous contributions to the Journal coming 2 Get them in by the second weekend of the month if you want to see them in that month s journal We want and need every article you have reviews of products programs you particularly a meeting 4 dune 1984 APA experiences you had advice both do s and don ts programming tips tutorials The printer is pressuring us to get the copy in earlier than we have been due to increasing numbers of issues and the two color cover process Please help move up the schedule just a bit so that Bernie and Gena are not under such last minute pressure wrote AFFILIATE CLUBS The Frederick Md and Bethlehem Pa users groups have raised the question of an affil iate relation with us If a relation which jis of mutual benefit can be worked out we will establis
142. n Mayes 301 589 4190 days or 202 282 0585 eves FOR SALE NEC 8023A printer and Pkaso interface 140 cps 425 Call David or Linda Morganstein 301 972 4263 FOR SALE 256 RAM disk for Apple JC or J new in maker s packing with documentation and preboot disk 350 TI99 4A microcomputer 50 TI expansion box 80 TI Logo 80 Call Peter Combes 445 6188 FOR SALE Silentype printer with paper 200 Screen Writer II 50 Wizardry 20 Mark Allen 703 281 9293 FOR SALE Alphasyntauri synthesizer with five octave velocity sensitive keyboard interface cards cables and software Hardly used like new in original cartons 1150 Fred Klappenberger 703 838 5835 days 301 974 1244 eves FOR SALE Macintosh with printer MacWrite and Mac Paint Will sell at very low price UPS delivery from the factory Call Chalmers Gorman 703 533 7218 7 9 30 PM M F FOR SALE Macintosh computer Imagewriter printer and MacWrite MacPaint software 2900 All in perfect condition Call Bill Hershey 588 1992 FOR SALE Wildcard copy card 75 Multitech key board for J J 90 keys 12 function keys 10 user definable keys 52 basic commands which can be entered with single keystroke numeric keypad detach able with cord never used 150 Call Lynn 301 845 2651 eves or wknds COMMERC IAL CLASSIF IEDS CLEARANCE Disk controllers 27 80 col cards 75 RF modulators 19 disk drives 235 881
143. n uses ribbons Several commercial re inkers exist but these cost an arm and a leg and could only be justified for very heavy printer use Hand reinking is both messy and dangerous use of the wrong ink could jam the wire hammers and destroy the printhead I have found in recent months three persons all recommending the same miraculous and inexpensive technique the use of WD 40 lubricant One of these users mentioned the technique in his brand new Macintosh book a very good book by the way newly added to the WAP reading library To my amazement WO 40 is a lubricant typically used for loosening rusted metal parts It is available in al hardware stores and is typically sold in a spray can costing a dollar or two To re ink using it one lifts the cover from the used ribbon cartridge and lightly sprays the ribbon The ribbon should then sit for several hours to allow the lubricant to spread evenly Quality fs not quite as good as the original ink but perfectly acceptable Used this way one user claims up to six or seven cycles before the ribbon gets tattered and must be thrown away Keeping one or two re inked ribbons in reserve and some packrats have many more old ones saved away and recycling them in order will end the out of ink problem for months or years of use The only problem with this technique that I can conceive is that it might jam the printhead However unlike re inking as such one is not adding gunk but simply
144. nd is based upon a system of symbolic pictograms designed by the late Dr Bliss who believed in part that the lan guages of mankind kept them apart raised antipathy between peoples and was a major cause of conflict But he felt that concepts were more universal and if people could communicate in concepts they would be better understood sort of like Chinese pictograms which are understood throughout China though local dialects and speech patterns are not Bliss symbolics have been developed so that handi capped individuals can more quickly communicate con cepts rather than arduously spell out their desires tetter by letter word by word Adapted to the Apple a cursor scans across the digits 0 to 9 so that a single switch entry or string of entries can access concepts from a personalized or universal lexicon of concepts Thus an individual who has a limited communicative ability due to physical limitations with the flick of amicroswitch can make needs desires and feelings known Ms Brummel works at the Gloria Nelson Association and may be reached at 703 978 0505 HARDWARE MODIFICATION DISABLING THE e s AUTO REPEAT Those of you whose Apples precede the e remember the difficulties in not having automatic repeat keys A little digging into the Apple s innards solder and 2 worth of parts rectifies the problem But some people have a different problem The automatic repeat on the e causes them difficulties I
145. nd yourself back at TOPLEVEL It should go without saying that you could have a TOP running within a TOP within a and still have it seem like the regular Logo TOPLEVEL but with lots of interesting things sneaking around at each different level Wheels within wheels For our virus to operate invisibly we simply place it within a TOP procedure TO TOP LOCAL DUMMY LIST TYPE MAKE DUMMY LIST READLIST RUN DUMMY LIST VIRUS PRINT HI FREDDY J TOP To start things going type in TOP for your efforts you will see nothing unusual Regular Logo com mands and operations are executed openly while the virus goes to work in the background In Apple Logo the character indicates that control q was pressed to insert a special character in this case a space so 8 Be aware though that background procedures that take some time to execute will slow down the TOP procedure In cases like VIRUS which works only ran one there will be Tittle change in speed of execu on The procedure copying and changing functions that were used in the virus can be put to much more interesting uses Pursuing our original genetic inspiration one of the more interesting sources of genetic variation is a mechanism called crossing over which involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes that have the same morphology and which contain genes controlling the same characteristics In the 1930 s it was thought that paired
146. ng the H REG L REG location of interrupt 7 2 handling routines and dy alt H alt L namic memory address hand ling respectively The STACK POINTER Z 80 instruction set in 77 7 7 2022 cludes the 8080 set with PROGRAM COUNTER different mnemonics e 7 plus instructions to se INDEX X REG lect alternate registers c rr ecene exchange registers and INDEX Y REG otherwise utilize the 7 2 22 0 expanded register com R REG plement of the 27 80 seses c Again however the 2 80 T REG addressing modes are ttn neece limited Like the 6502 2 80 CPU and 8080 chips the Z 80 is an 8 bit microprocessor and is capable of addressing 65 536 64K discrete memory locations THE 8088 The 8088 chip is INTEL s welcome to the big leagues the 8088 is a cut down 8086 which in lay man s terms means a 32 bit microprocessor cut to 16 bit capability Since this chip is the one wwe errerenrceceenne used by the competition some AH AL computer manufacturer whose name slips my mind at the BH BL moment bought up a piece Of erererrterennerenne the INTEL Corporation and CH CL started manufacturing Per 7 7 7 7 sonal Computers I will DH DL only give a brief overview 2 7 of the functions of the STACK POINTER
147. nger abide the lack of double strike underlining or speed it chugs along at about two minutes per page and has no option for tractor feed so each page must be fed by hand When the renovated AJ s a bargain at 995 were made available through the WAP for 712 I could not resist and after a month of heavy use am most satisfied It might help others to know what you get for that investment The most attractive feature to me is the keyboard the AJ can be run as an electric typewriter for filling in forms typing a quick envelope or when it just does not seem worth cranking up the computer Or you can with care white out and correct a single error rather than running a whole page through the word processor again It is fast Its rating is 30 cps but that is taking carriage return time into account and it goes faster on the straightaways t is logic seeking it goes directly to the next place to be printed and although it is not bi directional won t print back wards its return to the left margin for a new line is so quick you would not want to get your fingers near It does the whole range of double strike triple strike with the third one offset for print bold bulkier underlining and sets pitch horizontal spac ing at anything from letters overlapping to letters inches apart And it does graphics in dots or any chosen letter from the computer or from the keyboard The keyboard has key repeat and a numeric pad
148. nteers were introduced A description of the beginner s tutorials which will probably start again in June was given Other special tutorials were announced Members were reminded to be sure that their children do not wander about the facility The Community Computer Fair in Mt Ranier MD was an nounced along with the reminder that school coordi nators are listed tn the Journal The possibilities for providing a parallel educational meeting for younger members ages 6 12 were explored Volun teers were sought to abstract the Apple Tech Notes for Journal publication to assist Ray Hobbs and Scott Rullman with software and hardware reviews and to serve as general volunteer coordinator Staff for our booth at the May Computer Expo was arranged A change in the Bylaws to provide for another Director at Large and a second Vice President was announced and nomina tions for new officers were taken by Bob Kosciesza A coordinator for the election procedures was sought Group purchase reported Assembly Language SIG has changed its name to PI SIG program interface to reflect the new emphasis of the group The Thursday night NEWSIG meeting will emphasize new users prob lems Volunteers were added to the WAP Hotline service An idea for having multiple bulletin boards to provide more access to to ABBS users was discussed GENERAL INFORMAT ION Apple user groups may reprint without prior permission any portion of the contents herein provided p
149. nvolved RECORD MASTER uses OPTIMIZED CODE UNPROTECTED DISK COMPLETE MENUS STANDARD TEXT FILES PASSWORD PROTECTION ERROR TRAPPING DISK amp MEMORY PROTECTION If you want the following RECORD MASTER has it COMPUTED FIELDS USER REPORT FORMATS MAILING LABELS MULTI LEVEL SORTS HILOCARD SUBSTRING SEARCH ue Open Discussion Softalk April 1984 ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS GLOBAL CHANGE FILE RESTRUCTURE James H Simpson Letters Popular Computing Fully supported Convert your existing data files Coaes February 1984 page 11 with complete indexed aanual For Apple Ii e c or 2 drives 48k or 64K Get the perfornmance price leader now Write for info or send 59 95 plus 1 50 shipping to BRIDGET SOFTWARE CO 1309 CANYON RD SILVER SPRING MD 20904 S01 384 7875 I MD residents add 5 sales tax Dealer inquiries invited en i a A Washington Apple Pi June 1984 37 SG The Hi Bernie MACRO Author Repl You are continuing to put out a great Oops I guess it is now called a journal newsletter I am glad to see a review of six assemblers in your April WAP That there is still so much interest in Apple assemblers is exciting and foreshadows the production of more and more truly great software for Steve s brainchild As Raymond Hobbs noted reviewers are often the target of vicious slings and arrows However I have no com plaints about any particular biases All in all the revi
150. oday such as Videx s Function Strip generate Macros via hardware and software control However here one is limited to 512 bytes for the total length of each Macro set The opposite side of the same coin is that the Videx prod uct does not interfere with Motherboard memory as their requisite 512 memory bytes are on the hardware they provide So there appears to be a trade off Aha You ve got an Apple with a 16K Language Card you say Or you ve got an Apple e Why not load Charlie s program generated Macros into the recesses of this additional 16K No more interference with Motherboard memory at least until needed Folks there s another great program to accomplish this free just for the typing Authored by Bill Christ this program is called RAM MANAGER and was published by Nibble maga zine in their Volume 4 Number 4 issue RAM MANAGER permits you to load any group of programs into this upper 16K Let s say that this group con sists of ten Macro sets the cumulative memory of which is less than or equal to 12K This latter is a firm requirement with RAM MANAGER because only 12K of the 16K Language Card can be accessed at one time see Bill s article for a thorough explanation of this Once RAM MANAGER loads all ten Macro sets into this 12K then you use RAM MANAGER to selectively down load say your VisiCalc Macro set in short only the Macro set you need at the time At this juncture or really when you generat
151. of ASCII Express The Profes sional which is probably the most popular advanced communications software package for the Apple JI family To be covered are Installation Using AE Pro including the Editor Writing AE Pro Macros The session will begin promptly at 7 30 PM and last until 9 30 Instructors will be George Kinal Dave Harvey and Bill Cook Fees wil be 10 for WAP mem bers 15 for non members Up to nine registrants may bring an Apple disk drive monitor working copy of AE Pro and factory issued manual but only one Apple will actually be connected to the telephone line Registration will be limited to 25 people see registration form in the back of this issue AFFEESECH S MEWS At the March meeting 45 members had the opportunity to participate in a hands on demonstration of the Mac intosh computer Our members were enthralled by the creative potential and ease of use of MacWrite and MacPaint We would like to thank Mr Shuk of Falcon Systems for providing this demonstration We would also like to thank the Pascal SIG for viding a speaker on Pascal for the April meeting After three years as President of Appleseeds David Stern has decided to direct his time and effort toward his job as Chairman of the IAC Family SIG Mike Forman past Vice President of Appleseeds will be directing Appleseeds in the future Mike will appoint an Editor and Program Coordinator at the May meeting amp pro NOTICE
152. ograms for the Apple Dot Matrix printer which I am donating to the WAP library The diskette will also have a version of Master Cata log for the ADM and programs to set the printer to use some of its features The programs should work for the Imagewriter printer also This is program DUMB TYPER It has the same effect as typing PR n except that by being a program it will avoid getting SYNTAX ERROR messages on each line 10 REM DUMB TYPER 20 PRINT DUMB TYPER JUST PRINTS EXACTLY WHAT YOU TYPE ON THE APPLE KEYBOARD ON THE PRINTER 25 PRINT THE PRINTER WILL PRINT WHEN THE BUFFER IS FULL OR WHEN A lt CR gt IS SENT 26 PRINT THERE IS NO CORRECTING ANY TYPOS 30 PRINT WHAT SLOT 1 2 3 4 5 6 OR 7 GET A PRINT A A ASC A 48 IF A lt 1 THEN GOTO 30 40 IF A gt 7 THEN GOTO 30 50 HOME 60 PRINT CHR 13 CHR 4 PRA A 70 GET A PRINT A 80 GOTO 70 amp COMMERCE IAL SOF TURARE LIBRARY The following programs have been added to the Commercial Software Library since the original list was published in the April Journal Bank Street Writer Screenwriter e C I A Confidential Information Advisers Golden Delicious Software Microsoft Multiplan for and e j G a a CP M The Routine Machine Southwestern Data Systems with utilities amp Chart SArray amp Sampler I amp Screen June 1984 27 SOS MEWS by Raumondg PI SIG held its first meeting under its new
153. ome randomly selected position in a list that happens to be the definition of the hapless victim obtained by TEXT The modified list is then redefined as the victim and the process is complete INJECT looks like this TO INJECT MESSAGE POSITION LIST NAME DEFINE PROC NAME INSERT MESSAGE PROC NAME sPOSITION TEXT Inject uses our old friend INSERT The VIRUS procedure is defined in a way such that any message in list form may be injected such as PRINT CHI FREODYJJ More complex messages such as procedure definitions can also be injected With our virus now described it is time to turn our attention to the environment in which our virus will operate A Logo workspace works quite different from our own happy situation Our piece of the cosmos appears to be running all the time without the need for constant input of instructions In the time and space limited computer cosmos that exists inside our Apple when we boot Logo waiting for instructions is rather the rule than the exception For any Logo procedure to execute it s name must be referred to within another procedure or be typed in by the user If we want our virus or any procedure to run in the background without our knowledge or atten tion we will need to create a procedure that simulates a Logo TOPLEVEL Logo TOPLEVEL is where we can type in Logo commands operations and their inputs and observe the results From here we can also enter the editor an
154. on call Wildcard Plus hardware based copy unprotection nae Lockseith 5 0 the best gets better KoalaPad Graphics Tablet with graphics software a Maxell Dysan TOK Mesorex Wabash disks from 20 t Call for prices of items not listed We can supply HUNDREDS of other accessories prograas and computer systeas eost WITHIN 24 HOURS PLEASE COMPARE OUR PRICES If you find a lower price give us a chance to beat it asa Feel free to call for answers to technical questions TO ORDER Call JEFF DILLON at 301 434 0405 r Mail cashiers certified chech or M O to OPERANT SYSTEMS 7676 New Haapshire Ave Suite 312 Langley Park Md 20783 Md residents add 5 tax UPS shipping is available All iteas carry full sanufacturer s warranties dune 1984 23 APPLEWORIKXS With all the talk lately about integrated software for the IBM PC and the promises of same for the Mac Apple e owners may have had reason to feel a bit jealous or glum But no longer Apple has just issued a powerful elegant integrated software package for the e that puts that machine in a class by itself among 8 bit 1000 price range computers The package is called AppleWorks and it may be the single most im portant pfece of software ever written for the vener able Apple J series Produced for Apple by a company called Haba Apple Works combines a full featured word processor a roomy and potent spreadsheet and a sophis
155. or rows on a spreadsheet or records on the database you just use OPEN APPLE D One simple two stroke command is all you need learn for most important functions in all of these programs No more memorizing separate command lists for say Apple Writer Quickfile and VisiCalc In all three programs OPEN APPLE S will SAVE your file and OPEN APPLE H will do a simple screen dump to the printer All cursor moves are also common and simple they use the arrows and for big scrolls the OPEN APPLE key At all times in every program the user can toggle between an insert cursor which requires use of the delete key before replacing text and an overstrike cursor with which you can simultaneously write over and delete existing text The screen format for all three types of files is standardized too along the model of Quickfile e Thus each screen bears a header identifying the file name the portion of the program you re in and what will happen if you hit ESCAPE it often returns you to Main Menu It s very tough to get lost in AppleWorks Documentation and On line Help The manuals printed and disk tutorials and on line contd Washington Apple Pi help screens are excellent Help can be obtained any place in AppleWorks by hitting OPEN APPLE Any user should be able to stop using the manual after a while especially those familiar with other programs The Clipboard AppleWorks allows you to cut or
156. orking fine with some programs but not all 1 Printer will not turn on With many dot matrix printers when the printer is turned on the printer head should move to the right to the left and stop at the left margin with some indicator lights on perhaps labeled POWER and SEL If nothing happens when the printer is turned on check the following Is the plugged ance on that power cord plugged in Is the circuit it is into working Try another electrical appli circuit Has the fuse blown in the printer Check the manual to see where it is Some printers may have two Unplug the printer take out the fuse and see if ft fs OK Is the power cord OK Borrow another cord and see if it works If nothing else seems to be wrong there could be a problem with the printer circuitry The printer on off switch could be broken for example 2 Print head will not move The print head is the part that forms the characters and sits inside the ribbon cartridge that moves across the paper If the print head doesn t move or only moves part of the way across the carriage something could be in the way or malfunctioning in the mecha nism used to make it move Is there something inside the printer in the way Cardboard packing material The head should be free to move from one side to the next You should be able to push it by hand along the bar Turn the printer off and try but do not force it Moving the head should make a sound
157. ose The jumper block reassigns some of the signals from the circuitry on the Super Serial card to different pins on the connector For example a termina transmits data on pin 2 and receives data on pin 3 A modem is designed to connect to a terminal and thus receives data on pin 2 and transmits data on pin 3 This is a long winded way of saying yes you can use the Super Serial card in either way simply by properly wiring the cable In fact most other serial cards require that you rewire the cable for each different device Since the only difference is in the pin connections there is no specia software needed other than what you would normally use to run your printer and modem a patch for Word Star for Apple CP M to use two printers I want to tell Word Star to look for the LIST device in slot 2 when I m using my letter quality printer I want to put my serial interface card in slot 2 and leave my parallel interface card in slot 1 rather than having to open up the Apple and change cards in slot 1 whenever I want to change printers with CP M there is no way to use two printers with two interface cards in different slots There are some multi function cards available that will run two printers not simultaneously from one card You would have to have two versions of Word Star each configured for the desired printer and you could run whichever version you wanted I know of two multi function cards that have been made but one comp
158. owson Computer Com puters Unlimited Westminster Computers amp more or send check 1 S H to Minuteware P O Box 2392 Columbia MD 21045 301 995 1166 June 1984 29 SPECIAL Limited Time Only Gemini 10x Incredible print quality 120 cps fric tion and tractor dot graphics _ ema 289 00 THE MICRO CONNECTION We Don t Play Games LOWEST PRICES AROUND HERE S WHY _ with Your Money 1 3 STORE LOCATIONS SOFTWARE SPECIALS 2 LARGE VOLUME BUYING Prices Good thru April 15 1984 3 LOW OVERHEAD Tax Advantage Apple 60 Tax Wizard Apple Tax Preparer Apple 192 Tax Manager Apple 30 4 SUPPORT amp SERVICE e DISK DRIVES Disk Drive Rana 9 Dana Disk Drive Apple 239 10 MB Hard Disk Corvus 2 295 MODEMS H Micromodem lle Il Anchor MK XII Hayes S M 300 Apple Cat II Smart Model 1200 Hayes SOFTWARE zaxon Master Type Multiplan One On One Sensible Speller Ascii Pro Koala Pad Flight Sim II Flip n File 5 All orders subject to product availability Merchandise cash prices listed credit cards 3 extra 3 FRIENDLY LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU Store Hours 10 AM to 6 PM Monday thru Saturday _ DON T OVERPAY CALL THE DISCOUNTERS AT THE MICRO CONNECTION 320 A MAPLE AVENUE EAST VIENNA VA 22180 281 1866 Home Accountant Apple 59 The Handler COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS Franklin Ace 1200 Sys
159. pecific instruc crc ecccene register 1l bit flags 8080 CPU tions for address manipu Y REG PCH and PCL registers lation using the H L weecwccess program counter SP REG Moreover the program register pair However the 8080 allows no true Sfssssss mer can alter the pro indirect addressing other than placing an address in a STATUS gram counter only in register pair and addressing the register pair PE R directly there are no PCH PCL instructions available THE Z 80 The Z 80 chip by ZILOG is what you get on SRGRR TSS eigse Hees for directly changing the your 2 80 card As mentioned earlier it accepts the 6502 CPU contents of the program contd 44 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi 8080 instruction set as a subset of its own instruction set Archi STATUS tecturally the 27 80 is an 4 terete nee enhancement of the 8080 falt stat In addition to all of the w enennnnen registers of the 8080 the A REG Z 80 has alternate A B C teen eenee D E H L and STATUS reg alt A isters There are also swr nn ne ee eeen two word length index re B REG C REG gisters X and Y an in terrupt vector register alt 8 alt C 1 and a refresh regis ter R These latter two O REG E REG registers are not normally used by the programer alt D alt E They provide information to the CPU concerni
160. perly used it is a powerful tool But there are alternatives that will serve you in better stead in certain situations amp June 1984 43 142 1 by Raymond Hobbs Apple owners sure have it lucky Every time I think about the subject of computer architecture I take my hat off to the Wizard of Woz for giving us two things the 6502 CPU on the Apple and enough documentation to find our way around inside the machine In fact I understate the case because we got a heck of a lot more than that for our bucks For those of you who are not familiar with the subject of architecture it refers to the innards of the CPU in this case the 6502 microprocessor and the RAM ROM configuration that surrounds the chip There are five CPU s that figure pretty big in the personal computer industry and they come out of the labs of four companies For the record the 6502 was the product of MOSTEK the 8080 and 8088 come from INTEL the 72 80 from ZILOG and the 68000 from MOTO ROLA These companies have produced numerous other microprocessors and coprocessors but what personal computer owners have on hand to program is pretty much confined to the five chips that I cited above The chip or CPU is where all of the processing takes place with a few exceptions and it consists of data and address lines or buses and a number of internal registers storage locations As a program is exe cuted the registers are filled with data addresses and
161. probably best advised to wait until fall when the i uncertainties should mostly be cleared up If the Okidata Micro 82 A best of the rumors comes true MacWorks fully compat Okidata Micro 83 A ible few hardware incompatabilites aspect ratio Okidata Micro 92 problems solved and the Lisa Desktop rewritten for Sensible Speller 512K then the Lisa series will be truly spectacular Okidata Micro 93 pe buys for those willing to sacrifice portability If Prowriter 8510 A Titan 128K Ram Card worst comes to worst however Lisas will remain won Wildcard Plus derful computers but more as an alternative to rather than as an extension of the Macintosh The carefully spaced price ranges suggest that Apple is working towards full compatability and a true family of PFS Report 32 bit computers Let s hope they attain it amp PFS Write aa Koala Pad NEW ABBS WAP has set up a new special ABBS For Sale Wanted to Buy This is an information only bulletin board and will be on the air from wre 4 to 7 30 AM The num ber in Silver Spring is 301 871 7978 Watch the 7 Journal for notices of other special bulletin boards VISA MC Add 3 money order certified check as they go on the air Prices subject to change Shipping handling 5 MD residents add 5 tax Mail order only CALL FOR ITEMS NOT LISTED KNIGHT S OF WIZARDRY GOV T PURCHASE ORDERS ACCEPTED FRUSTRATED ROOKIES AND SKILLED PLAYERS ALIKE WIN WITH OUR SYSTEM D
162. pt works at the end of the line where you did not want the words to be split Here is a tip to cure that problem After you put the lt PRINT gt or lt INPUT gt command into the program line space over and enter the lt gt in the last character position on that same line The cursor will go to the first position on the next line Then enter the words for your instructions or the Input Prompt Do not use the lt RETURN gt until you finish the full text of your instructions or Input Prompt then finish with the end lt gt and lt RETURN gt Remember for an Input Prompt you must include a lt gt and lt variable name gt before the lt RETURN gt I have found this technique to be much faster than counting characters and adjusting the number of alpha numerics in a line Try it amp FE HEIE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE E FE FE FE FE IE JE JE FE PE E HE IE IE LOL FE ME IE IE FE 3E FE ee eae M FE ko ROR OR RK OR kokok k k OK OK KOK OK KOK k k k KOK OK OK DISK DRIVE W O CONT 238 DISK DRIVE WITH CONT 315 OKIDATA ML 92 LINE PRINTER 430 TRANSTAR 120P L Q PRINTER 435 SOFTWARE A E 31 APPLE PANIC 25 MICROZINE 2 34 SCREENWRITER II 110 SENSIBLE SPELLER 105 TURTLE TRACKS 34 ACCESSORIES MAXELL 51 4 DISKETTE SS DD BOX 10 LIFE TIME WARRANTY 27 KRAFT JOYSTICK 37 APOLLO ELECTRONICS INC 11525 COLT TERRACE SILVER SPRING MD 20902 4 BEST DISCOUNTERS ON HARDWARE SOFTWARE amp ACCES
163. pular subjects from the ABBS and putting them on single topic bulletin boards run by members throughout the area We have ten volunteers willing to make their computer available for 10 to 15 hours per week We will try an experiment with a few of them to see if it works Preference will be given to those who 1 have a second phone line already or 2 can provide evening and weekend hours of use or 3 have all necessary equipment already i e two drives and a modem The first special topic board is buying and selling Keep your eyes in the Journal for more announcements APPLE c portable has disk is discussing the What weighs a mere seven pounds is 128K of memory and a built in floppy compatible with the thousands of existing Apple J programs and will soon be equipped with an LCD flat screen Give up Apple s latest entry in the personal computer market will give a punch to the solar plexus of the IBM PC Jr The c demonstrates to all Apple J owners that the J remains an active product When the flat screen and battery pack become available we Apple owners will be one of the few groups who can take our current software collection on the road Good work Cupertino 4 Ie ete _ _ EVENT Qe we Washington Apple Pi meets on the 4th Saturday usual ly of each month at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences USUHS Building B 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda MD on the campus of t
164. r Macro This is to say with INPUT your Macro will be only displayed on the Monitor not executed After display of the Macro to execute it you will then have to press lt CR gt yourself The choice is yours Quite frankly the primary benefit my digging into this utility granted me was the increased understanding of DOS and Assembly language I am simply trying to pass on some of the same benefit to you kind readers etc contd Washington Apple Pi The largest dose of this increased understanding came when I dis assembled Charlie Brown s Binary code As Dr Brown explained the Applesoft Driver is RUN only once when you first create your Macro set After that you simply BRUN the resultant Binary code to access a particular set After adding the appropriate labels together with prolific comments the Assembled code becomes as shown at the end of this article Let s examine it After we stipulate the Execution and Assembly addres ses Lines 14 29 specify the various addresses of important ROM routines temporary storage registers pointers and ASCII Character Codes Rather than describe each of them now let s save their descrip tions for when we actually use them in the following What do we really have with this Binary code Exami nation of the Applesoft Driver reveals that the resultant Binary code consists of a sequence of inde pendent Macros Each of these Macros leads with the one byte Special Function Key that
165. rap 1982 Applications Best of Creative Cosputing Vol TI Ahl 1977 BASIC Practical BASIC Programs Apple 11 Edition Poole 1981 90 Applications Computers in Matheaatics A Sourcebcok hl 1979 BASIC Secrets of Better BASIC Mau 1983 Applications Coaputers in Science k Social Studies Ahl 1983 BASIC Software Design for Nicroccaputers Ogdin 1978 Applications Create Word Puzzles with Your Microccaputer Mau 1982 95 BASIC The BASIC Handbook Lien 1981 99 Applications Executive Planning with BASIC Bui 1982 90 BASIC The Little Book of BASIC Style Nevison 1978 90 Applications Free Software for Your Apple Heller 1984 c C Prograsaing Guide Purdua 1983 Applications Hose Energy Applications Pitts 1983 COBOL A Simplified Guide to Structured COBOL KcCracken 1976 Applications Inside Washington Apple Pi WAP 190 COBOL Structured Prograsaing for COBOL Nol 1977 Applications Peeking at Call A P P L E Vol 2 Call APPLE 1979 CP M CP M Revealed Dennon 1962 80 Applications Science and Engineering Prograes Heitborn 1901 85 CP M Mastering CP M Miller 1983 95 Poplications Some Conan BASIC Prograas Apple II Edition Poole 1981 65 CP M The CP M Handbook with MP A laks 1980 93 Applications The Investor s Coaputer Handbook Packer 1982 BO Chips 6502 Application Book laks 1979 Asseebly 370 360 Asseably Language Prograseing Stern 1979 Chips 68000 Microprocessor Handbook Kane 1981 Asseably 6502 Asseably Language Routines Leventhal 1982 Chips Microcomputer Design Ogdin 1978 Asseably 68000 Asseab
166. rd and cable then it probably needs repair c The result is garbled in a different way garbage but the same garbage shows up on both the screen and the printer but it is not what is typed The problem may be with the Apple keyboard and not the printer Turn off the printer and see if the problem is still there d Stuff comes out on the printer when it isn t wanted but not when it is Asking for the printer seems to turn it off The printer may not be config ured the way you need it Check to see if you have DIP switches labeled remote select deselect or DCi DC3 and power on select Try setting them differ ent ways to see which works best for you e ESC printer control sequences do not seem to get to the printer If your printer is using control sequences of the type ESC some character you must enter them with a program DUMB TYPER should allow them but just using PR s and then typing the ESC character command will not work That is because the Applesoft BASIC interprets the ESC as a lead in to editing commands ESC A ESC I etc and doesn t send it on to your printer Instead you need to write programs which contain statements like PRINT CHRS 275 E where CHR 27 is the ESC 6 DUMB TYPER and PR s work just fine but not other programs If DUMB TYPER works your printer is OK for text DUMB TYPER and PR s do not help in testing printer graphics capabilities Commercial programs are often set w
167. required to write more chon ay Orer elegant ee ri eta de perhaps to introduce a method for prioritizing the rules Te PERFORMANCE CONCLUSIONS MONOCHROME DISPLAY MONITORS The Apple can be made to handle meaningful expert TM 1200G TM 1200A programs using LISP as a basic symbolic processing language The RAM limitations of the Apple J can be overcome by decomposing the problem into modules and by moving data frames in and out of disk storage Useful programs can be written for the Apple JE and although they will run slowly these programs can per form many of the same tasks that are being developed for more powerful computers REFERENCES 1 Bruce Harry and Hite Gene DISKQUIK Beagle Bros Micro Software Inc 1983 2 Cherry Stephen P LISP Version 3 2 User s Manual Gnosis Pegasys Systems Inc 1983 3 Naef Frederick E Integrating Frames With an Expert Program Washington Apple Pi Journal April 1984 j a A Winston Patrick H and Horn Berthold K P LISP Addison Wesley Publishing Co 1981 K3 GREEN OR AMBER PHOSPHOR FORA OSITE VIDEO SIGNAL ANDH D OPERATION agi 49 Washington Apple Pi June 1984 PASCAL TUTORIALS C Platt bu Robert Following in the proud tradition of Or Wo the WAP s Pascal Interest Group is again offering an introduct ory course in Pascal The tutorial will be held on four Saturdays June 2 16 30 and July 7 It is designed for people with no previous programming
168. rl Eisen 703 354 4837 Printers J J Finkelstein 301 652 9375 General Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Anderson Jacobson Bill Etue 703 620 2103 Communications Packages and Modems Telecom Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Anchor Mark 12 George Kinal 7 10 202 546 7270 Apple Dot Matrix Joan B Dunham 301 585 0989 Jeremy Parker 301 229 2578 Daisywriter 2000 Henry Greene 202 363 1797 Apple CAT II Ben Acton 301 428 3605 IDS 460 Jeff Stetekluh 703 521 4882 ASCII Express Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 MX 80 Jeff Dillon 301 434 0405 BIZCOMP Modem Jeremy Parker 301 229 2578 NEC 8023 Bil Mark 301 779 8938 General Tom Nebiker 216 867 7463 Okidata Fred Feer 703 978 7724 Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Scott Ruliman 301 779 5714 Hayes Smartmodem Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Silentype Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Micromodem Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Omninet Tom Vier 1 6 PM 703 860 0083 Spreadsheets Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Source amp Transcend Jerry Michalski 703 442 8835 Walt Francis 202 966 5742 VISITERM Steve Wildstrom 301 564 0039 Lotus 1 2 3 Walt Francis 202 966 5742 XTALK CP M Comm Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Roy Rosfeld 301 340 7962 Multiplan Terry Prudden 301 933 3065 Corvus Hard Disk Tom Vier 1 6 PM 703 860 0083 VisiCalc Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Data Bases Spreadsheet 2 0 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 dBase II Paul Bublitz 301 261 4124 Mag iCalc John Staples 703 759 3461 DB Master Doug
169. rom that Of course they have time to read things we don t When teachers use software in courses they must evalu ate it using a standard evaluation form These forms are collected by the central MCPS office in Rockville Children rapidly adapt to word processing They find Bank Street Writer limited and AppleWriter rather easter The favorite however is ScreenWriter which is enjoyed for its versatility The media center uses the word processors for notices to faculty for form letters for overdue notices to students and for updating the vertical file of cuttings and documents available in the library Database programs are used for making a file of non print materials for holding data on magazine sub scriptions by department materials to order and for documenting anthologies which can then be searched for example for plays short stories and so on Other programs that are used include Crossword Magic Washington Apple Pi a program to write crosswords a word finding game from MECC a program to measure the readability of a text a program to make bibliographies and a program for speedreading Graphics programs include Versa writer Graphics Magician Slide Show and 3 D Graph ics One use of the graphics programs is to make graphics and bylines at short notice for the school s television production Databases which allow college scan and career scan are popular Col
170. roper author title and publication credits are given Membership dues for Washington Apple Pi are 25 00 for the first year and 18 00 per year thereafter begin ning in the month joined If you would like to join please call the club office or write to the office address A membership application will be mailed to you Subscriptions to the Washington Apple Pi Journal are not available The Journal is distributed as a benefit of membership Current Office hours are Mon Wed Fri 10 AM to 2 PM Tue 12 30 to 2 30 PM amp 7 to 9 30 PM Thurs 2 30 2 30 10 AM to 2 30 PM amp 7 to 9 30 PM 1 PM 3 30 CLASSIF LEDS WANTED A copy of Microsoft softcard CP M operating system for an Apple J Am doing a college research project willing to borrow trade or swap Call Don Mayes at 301 589 4190 days or 202 282 0585 eves WANTED Heuristics Speech Link Voice System VRS or their Speech Lab VRS 703 491 5493 Recognition Randy Zittel FOR SALE 20 000 volt power supply variable output and an old rf signal generator Both work great for hobbyist applications Asking 10 for both of them Don Mayes 301 589 4190 days or 202 282 0858 eves FOR SALE Heathkit Serial RS 232 printer features include forward and reverse linefeeds 80 96 132 characters per line variable baud rate up to 4800 software selectable typefaces self test and much more Works great excellent condition Make offer or 300 Do
171. rovement ts 3 1 2 times This is the best it can do if you have a lot of disk access the speed improvement will be less because the disk must continue to run I ve got Is there I m sorry June 1984 at it s original speed Titan advertises in the major Apple magazines and its address is 310 West Ann Street Ann Arbor MI 48104 a e into which I put a Micromodem II from a J It works fine in the 40 character mode but I can t get a blinking cursor in 80 I presume this is a software problem If so is there any public domain software that will work The problem is that the Micromodem II firmware accesses only the 40 cotumn screen You would have to write you own routine to replace the firmware The firmware in the Micromodem e works similarly so no help there either The Hayes Terminal program will handle 80 columns but of course is not public domain software Any readers know of an 80 column terminal program for the e and the Micromodem I have an Apple e with a Super Serial card for interface with my printer While I realize that the Super Serial card can be used in either the Modem or Terminal modes is it possible to use it for both purposes one at a time without changing the jumper block In essence my question is this Is it necessary to change the jumper block on the Super Serial card from terminal to modem if the cable connection is configured properly What software is available for this purp
172. rriage return at the end of the display line 325 or not I could do the tests but I wanted this fast 350 and simple and additional tests will slow the pro 360 gram Also this way the word processor is doing all 800 the work and not the display program 810 820 The Applesoft INPUT command has the disadvantage that 825 it will ignore leading blanks and it objects to 830 commas and colons in the text The nicely indented 835 text my word processor will create was hashed until I 840 learned to use a somewhat limited writing style I 850 use blank lines instead of indentation and dashes for 855 punctua tion where I might want a comma or write 870 short sentences I find not using commas a particu lar strain I suppose I could have used an Assembly 871 language inputs anything routine but I wasn t sure 875 that having the commas and blanks was worth the 876 effort 877 878 I also found that for the times when the text should 880 be translated to all upper case it is faster to read 882 in the whole file and then translate it I used the 885 Applesoft MID function to look at the text lines one 886 character at a time to see if they needed to be trans 900 lated This would not work for very long files of 910 documentation but I am not sure that very long docu 920 mentation is appropriate for screen presentat ion I 1000 display the text as it is translated so that the user 1010 knows something is happening Here is a place where I 1020
173. rs of Luehrmann and Peckham L amp P 2 Read Lee Raesly s article on the Pascal text edi tor in this month s issue 3 Understand how to use the filer the following session You should try housekeeping tasks before the first eye diskettes bring a formatted disk with you Naming files and Volumes Copying disks Copying files Removing files Zeroing disks Setting the date Saving the workfile Renaming files Apple Pascal is both a programming language and an operating system Because our time is so limited the tutorial will focus upon the Pascal language and will not cover operating system commands These commands will differ on the J Mac and Lisa but there will be surprisingly few differences in the language on these machines So if you want to get the most out of the tutorial invest some effort in becoming comfortable with your editor and filer before the first session Two texts to consult for the Apple JI 50 June 1984 are Beginner s Guide to the UCSD Pascal System by Kenneth Bowles McGraw Hill and Introduction to the UCSD P System by Charles Grant and Jon Butah Sybex SESSION 1 Do not bring your machine to the first session I Introduction to Pascal Language A Characteristics of Pascal Data Structures Program Structure and Procedures B Comparison to BASIC II Declaring Data A Concept of Data Type Permissible values Permissible operators Strong data typing B Constant
174. ry flexible layouts and the ability to zoom in on a record in a table and read its entire contents including cate gortes you ve deliberately left out of the table One file can be manipulated to produce a variety of reports printed either to disk or paper This can be done by sorting in different ways selecting different records changing the categories included in tables etc The Database also does column totals and creates new categories by calculating relationships among others Printing is done via an options menu that allows changes in all four margins and in the size of the typeface and then instantly calculates the effect of the changes so you can tell if they still allow the table or label you created to fit The Spreadsheet The AppleWorks spreadsheet has many of the advanced calculating functions and most of the formatting fea tures of the 400 VisiCalc Advanced Version And it sorts rows alphabetically and numerically and has a Find feature to boot What s more the AppleWorks spreadsheet boasts 127 colymns and 999 rows versus 63 columns and 254 rows on VisiCalc Advanced according to my VisiCalc manual p 3 119 Yet it s blindingly fast compared to Advanced VisiCalc VisiCalc AV s main advantage dis the macro feature that links several commands in one But AppleWorks speed makes this less useful Also Visfcalc can accept somewhat longer formulas than the AppleWorks spreadsheet But AppleWorks like A
175. s Time 1s Money Turning Point bus Beagle Basic VisiCalc VisiCorp BUS 3 3 Copy If Plus VisiCalc Advanced e VistCorp BUS 193E0AP2 Disk Quick The Accountant Decision Support Soft BUS 4 7 Ofvers 00S DOS Boss ASCII Express The Pro United Software Ind COH 4 2 Double Take Comware Jf Novat ion COH 5 03 Einstein Compiler Data Capture 4 0 Southeastern Software COM Flex Type P Term The Professional United Software Ind COH Frame Up l Term The Professional United Software Ind COH Global Program Line Editor Locksmith Alpha Plot Beagle Bros GRA Merlin Coloring Series 1 Koala Technologies GRA Kibbles Away Complete Graphics System Penguin GRA Pronto DOS Doublestuff Ooublestuff Software GRA S C Macro Assembler Flow Charting Patton amp Patton GRA ShortCuts Flying Colors Computer Colorworks GRA Silicon Salad Fontrix Data Transforms GRA Super Disk Copy TII Graphics Magician The Penguin GRA Tip Disk 1 LPs If Gibson GRA Type Faces Picture Writer Scarborough Systems GRA Utility City Pixit Baudville GRA XPS Diagnostic Specia Effects Penguin GRA Zoom Grafix Phoentx GRA Apple Writer II Apple Writer e Crossword Magic L8S Computerware HOM Bank Street Writer Oollars and Sense Mongram HOM Cut and Paste Eating Machine The Muse Software HOM Format II Golf Statistictan GolfSoft HOM HomeWord Home Accountant Cont inental HOM Lexicheck Match Wits CBS Software HOM Magic Window II Micro Cookbook Virtual Combinat ics HOM MegaSpet Mus ic Construction Set Electronic Art
176. s HOM MegaWriter Oddsmaker CZ Software HOM PFS Write Songwriter Scarborough Systems HOM ScreenWriter If WordWorx Reston Publishing HOM Sensible Speller Word Handler 11 Algebra 1 4 Peachtree Software EDU Word Juggler Ile Alphabet Zoo Spinnaker Software EDU Word Processing Apple Logo Apple EDU WordStar Apple 11 6502 Ass Lang Tutor Prentice Hall EDU Writer The Arcademic Sk111 Bids Lang Art Developmental Learn Mat EOU Arcademic Sktl Bids fn Math Developmental Learn Mat EDU Finder MAC folder Barron s SAT Barron s EDU Imagewriter MAC folder Bumble Games The Learning Co EDU MacPatnt Bumble Plot The Learning Co EDU MacWrite Cdex Training for Apple Ile Cdex EOU Microsoft BASIC Computer SAT Harcourt Brace Jovanovich EDU Hult iptan Computer Training Tapes Personal Tutor Assoctates EDU System MAC folder Delta Orawing Spinnaker EDU Early Games for Yng Children Counterpoint Software EDU Early Games Fraction factory Counterpoint Software EDU Early Games Matchmaker Counterpoint Software EDU Early Games Music Counterpoint Software EDU Early Games Ptece of Cake Counterpoint Software EDU Ernie s Quiz Apple EOU Facemaker Sptnnaker EDU Factor Blast Hayden Software EDU Fourth Leg of the Apple The Brinker Computing EDU French Latin Spanish Hangman George Ear EDU Game Show Advanced Ideas EDU Gertrude s Puzzles The Learning Co EDU Gertrude s Secrets The Learning Co EDU Grabit Factory The Eric Software EDU Hey Diddle Diddle Spinnaker EDU 58 June 1984 PUBLI
177. s and Variables C Declaring Constants L amp P p 139 143 Examples Syntax D Declaring Variables L amp P p 58 60 Examples Syntax break III The Assignment Statement A Expression B Order of operations IV Data Types A Integer Data Type L amp P p 209 221 Permissible values Operators DIV and MOD Examples Built in Integer Functions SESSION 2 Bring your computer to this and remaining sessions a WI Mac whatever You will write and debug programs in class I Syntax of a Pascal Program A PROGRAM B BEGIN END II Elementary Input Output A read and readin L amp P p 156 158 B write and writeln C Input Action Output D Sample programs using Integers III Data Type Boolean A Permissible values B Permissible operators AND OR C conditionals and Boolean data D Boolean expressions contd Washington Apple Pi Session 2 contd IV Character data type A Type CHAR B The ASCII character set C ORD and CHR break V Strings L amp P p 181 200 A Type STRING B The length can change C Built in functions and procedures delete insert pos length copy D Strings vs characters VI Programming examples SESSION 3 I Scalar Types A Examples B Declaration C Use II Controlling the action program control structures A Three basic control structures 8 Loops WHILE DO L amp P p 201 202 REPEAT UNTIL FOR 00 C Branching IF THEN ELSE
178. s only simple macros we have published many powerful and a uses in our monthly newsletter Apple Assembly Line The S C Assembler family never uses error codes It uses error messages If errors are encountered during pass one the assembler will stop at the end of that pass If you really care what is in the symbol table you can see it with the SYM command If no errors are found in pass one assembly proceeds through pass two If errors occur during pass two assembly continues to the end Error messages are printed as they occur with the line that caused them The symbol table DOES print at the end If the listing has been turned off LIST OFF directive all that will list are the erroneous lines and the error messages Ray seems to believe that assembler power correlates directly with the number of directives pseudo ops available for specifying memory and data definition Since by his count S C Macros has only 6 of these and ORCA M has 19 one might think ORCA M must be at least 38 June 1984 iz s ASSEMBLER REVIEW 3 times better in this area However S C does more with less simplifying the directives so that fewer are required For example DA supplies all the functions of DFB DFW DW DA DDB and others used in various assemblers Besides other directives are important Altogether version 1 0 has 20 directives version 1 1 has 25 A feature not covered in the review but which I believe is very importan
179. s or words that are not to be disturbed then the variable safe area will be set to 212 This is the origin of the mysterious 212 in the VIRUS proced ure definition This turns out to be necessary because VIRUS will eventually believe me attack one of it s own subprocedures or something equally criti cal Safe area is therefore the size of a portion of CONTENTS that will not be disturbed The attack area will be the number of procedure names and words left when safe area is subtracted from the current length of the CONTENTS list We can then use this number plus one to keep from getting ene t numbers When we use these numbers with ITEM we can then randomly pull from the beginning of the CONTENTS list words for examination and manipulation The words that are to be protected will never be pulled because ITEM will never be given a number large enough to reach the safe area For example if our safe area is 212 elements in length and the current size of the CONTENTS list is 235 elements the attack area will be 235 212 or 13 elements long When generating a random number with 13 attack area as an input we add one so that we will never end up with a zero result We will only be able to access the first 13 elements of CONTENTS and those elements beyond ITEM 13 are quite safe from viral infection Now that we can choose our victim with some degree of selectivity we need only inject our message into s
180. sion of these extended features and their use Looking back at these CPU s I really come to appreci ate the 6502 chip in my Apple even though I also have the 2 80 8088 and 68000 CPU s If I had learned Assembly Language programming on any other microchip the changeovers from one chip to another would have been more difficult for me with more things to keep track of more complicated addressing techniques to learn As it turned out the moves from chip to chip have all been rather easy the addressing on the 6502 is more complex than the Intel chips and I had fewer registers to play with so using the other chips has been a form of luxury in that regard But I guess that I m most pleased with the wealth of information concerning the Apple s internals that has always been so readily available especially now that I can t beg borrow or steal any information on MAC internals from Apple itself users groups like ours and from independent sources who have enjoyed discovering how A Suggested texts P to peel the Apple as I have B Modula 2 NEXT MONTH Macintosh Inside the Box amp June 1984 51 Washington Apple Pi THE FORTH cauma Fiela by Bruce F Whenever anybody gets a new computer the first thing they do is run a benchmark program to see what it ll do Last month s issue of the journal featured two such articles one by David Morganstein and Dave Weikert and a second by Richard Norling Richard s art
181. sks 182 207 in that drive The program will continue using that second disk and will store data about your character on that disk the fresh meat file Disk 180 can be used to design your own Eamon adven ture WAP S FIRST MAC DISK SIG Mac s two librarians Tony Anderson and Ron Grognet have been hard at work assembling a prelimi nary version of our first Macintosh Lisa disk The disk offers about 150K worth of Microsoft Basic pro grams many of which were downloaded from CompuServe by Al Knapp This disk will be sold before the montly meeting for 7 per copy Hurry while supplies last Tony offers the following list of highlights MACTEP by Dennis Brothers All the software you need to turn your Mac into a telecommunications term inal It even includes the pin connections for the cable to attach any modem to the connector on the back of the Mac This is Version 1 8 which supports auto dialing for modems that support that feature Other features include file uploading and downloading with a special download mode designed just for BASIC programs Don t wait for MacTerminal telecompute today MOUSE MACTEP by Dennis Brothers and Loftus Becker Lofty Becker took MacTep Version 1 8 with all of its great features and made it even better by adding mouse control of all the menus MACGLOBE by Carl Koffel Andrew Tuline and Chris topher Allen Learn how to animate with MS BASIC or just impress your friends wiht this 3 D
182. t is on going support We have provided upgrades periodically since the original verston in August 1978 We have also provided a free hotline to all our customers since that time We pub lish a monthly newsletter which is highly acclaimed by users of many different assemblers Optional products published by us and by other software houses support the S C Assembler including a full screen editor from Laumer Research a full two pass disassembler from Rak Ware a cross reference generator from S C The summary table at the end of Ray s article indi cates that no step trace is available with the S C Macro That depends If you have the old Apple monitor ROM you still have Step Trace Also you can use any of the debug packages on the market such as QuickTrace BugByter and others The table suggests that a 16K card is required It is not but if you have one you can put S C into it Another feature the ten or more cross assembler modules available with the S C Macro Assembler allow you to use your Apple for software development on most of the other chips Many of these are in use through out the industry One of these supports all of the extended opcodes found in the 65C02 By the way you can purchase the entire source code for version 1 1 Although as a competitor I am glad the article rated S C above Lisa 2 5 I suggest that Ray may have come down too hard on that product Anyway Lisa 2 5 is no longer on the market And On
183. t Logo knows You can view your own CONTENTS list by typing in opr CONTENTS If observed from time to time this list will increase in length Whenever you define a new procedure variable or merely mistype a word a new word is added to the CONTENTS list Words and procedure names are added to the front of the list so if you want a procedure name to be close to the primitives it must be defined or LOADed first conversely if you want it to be near the beginning of the list define or LOAD it last However procedures that are created and later rede fined keep their original place in the list We wil take advantage of this placement of procedure names in CONTENTS later If aword in the CONTENTS list is defined and is not a primitive it follows that it must be one which was defined by the user and is a fair target for the virus or for other procedures that operate on proced ure definitions To keep the procedure from attacking every procedure in CONTENTS we will designate areas in CONTENTS to be attack areas and safe areas The safe area will be the area closest to the original CONTENTS list the one you get when you first load Logo If we know the size of the original CONTENTS list we can then add a number representing the number of words procedures that are not to be attacked For example if the original CONTENTS list has 201 elements determine by using COUNT and there are 11 procedure
184. t addition to the Apple Tine is contd on pg 51 Washington Apple Pi June 1984 45 A SUGGESTION FOR PROGRAM POCUMENTAT ION by Joan Bixby Dunham acters ona line if I insert or delete something because my word processor does the job of reformatting I wanted to find a fast and easy way to prepare pro gram documentation that is to be displayed on the Apple screen The documentation had to be easy to correct could not take inordinate amounts of time to read or display and had to be translatable to upper case for those who didn t have a lower case display It occurred to me that my word processor should be able to help me My word processor PIE Writer will send formatted text to a disk text file type T and I can use that as the disk documentation I liked the idea of using text files because that is a form accessible to many word processors I found that if I have the word processor format the char the 10 20 30 40 50 60 text as closely as possible to what I want to display 70 I can read in the text a line at a time with INPUT statements and not take excessive amounts of time I decided that I would limit the documentation to 39 column displays only sorry al you 80 column users 80 I prefer 80 columns myself but it was just too much 200 to provide that option as well I decided to use a 300 39 column display instead of a 40 column display in 310 order to avoid a series of tests to see if I had to 320 issue a ca
185. t an installation menu allows easy use of the other Apple printers Imagewriter Daisy Wheel Silentype Epson MX RX and FX and Qume Sprint 5 and 11 Non listed printers can be installed through a custom printer routine with easy prompts There have been some problems with Grappler and certain other printer cards but Apple has issued a new disk to fix some of these see Shortcomings below The Package AppleWorks disk comes with five disks a boot or startup the program disk a sample files disk and a two disk on screen tutorial All the disks are unprotected In addition there s a main 280 page manual and a second 159 page Tutorial manual which uses the sample files but is separate from the two disk on screen tutorial Compatibility The program like all new Apple software runs under ProDOS rather than DOS 3 3 but users don t need to be 24 June 1984 A Review by Walt Mossberg ProDOS experts The ProDOS file naming conventions are covered in the manuals and ProdOS habit of nam ing disk volumes is a handy feature AppleWorks can read and convert to its own use any ASCII Text file VisiCalc or DIF file provided it has first been con verted from DOS to ProDOS via the utility on the ProDOS User Disk not included with AppleWorks So your precious documents and models can live on in AppleWorks Quickfile e files can be used by Apple Works database with no conversion at all Even Word Star files on
186. t the end and therefore non 0 we com pare the saved keypress to the ASCII Code stored in 7088 again ignoring the fact that the Applesoft Driver has moved the entire Binary code to just under DOS If not a match we scan the ensuing bytes in the caboose In the process of scanning we are only interested in the one byte descriptors and these follow the last byte of the previous Function Descrip tion As you recall the Applesoft Driver clears the high bit of this last byte so lines 74 76 quickly skip over all Function bytes wherein the high bit is set Okay we ve jumped that hurdle and look at the next byte the last Function byte we ve been looking for Line 77 skips this last byte with the PoinTer now resting on the second one byte descriptor We therefore branch back to the label NEXT and start the process all over again o test for the end by looking for a 0 o if not the end comparing the key pressed after the lt CTRL F gt with this next descriptor o if not a match quickly stepping through the Func tion bytes high bit set o and so forth and so forth As you ve probably discovered by now lines 79 81 do the stepping through of the bytes in the caboose When executing the above scan what if a match fs found between our keypress following the lt CTRL F gt and one of the descriptors in the caboose We then branch to the label YES We first store in KSW the address of the label DFN w
187. t to switch turns would have led to an error of logic ON LOGIC The logic GOTO statement can be combined with the ON and ON GOSUB statements to make a very powerful replacement for the IF statement Mak ing menus often leads to a series of IF statements by the novice programmer If the menu creates a numeric variable then a whole series of IF statements can be replaced by one line e g ON A GOTO 100 200 300 etc More often the menu has created an alpha variable usually the first letter of the command For exam ple the menu in my game looked like this B UY VOWEL G UESS HIDDEN PHRASE P ASS TURN S PIN THE WHEEL CHOICE By using the logic statement I was able to produce a one statement branch 200 ON CH B CH G 2 CH P 3 CH S 4 GOTO 1000 2000 3000 4000 This particular line serves two purposes If in fact CH is not equal to any one of the offered choices the value of the statement is 0 and program execution will fall through to the next statement which can be a statement sending the program back to the menu crea tion after the nasty buzzer and admonishment of course If one of the required choices is made that particular part of the logic statement will be true 1 and all the rest will be false 0 Multiplying the true statement by a number will give the place in the ON list to execute CONCLUSION Don t take this article as a condemnation of the IF statement When pro
188. tarting point if the dealers are sufficiently sensitized to needs to remember that this 24 page guide is tucked away in a file drawer I would have preferred if it went into a little more detail For example as a reference it would have been useful to have mentioned that the Adaptive Firmware Card was designed by Paul Schwejda and described in detail in BYTE September 1982 or that Prentke Romich Co makes a vast array of products or that E Paul Goldenberg authored Special Technology for Special Children and the type of information necessary for a librarian to access it But then again I m mighty demanding I think that Apple s publications should reach the same level of quality that their computers do NATIONAL SOFTWARE SEARCH The Council for Exceptional Children has completed its software search and at the end of April at its national convention announced the winners We will review the results in more detail in a later issue Of the 104 entries 72 were for the Apple scoring well over little blue s four 36 programs addressed themselves to the learning disabled 16 to persons with communication disorders and 16 to the mentally retarded amp Washington Apple Pi eo le NEWS by Peter Combes EDSIG Calendar Tuesday June 5 at 7 30 p m Are there computers after feminism Mary Brown chairs a discussion of the differences in how girls and boys approach computers how to interest women and girls in using
189. ter Alexander Lee Raesly Bob Platt Barbara Larson Nancy Strange Margie Stearns Conrad Fleck Betsy Harriman Tom Warrick Steve Stern Leon Raesly Sue Roth Bob Platt Mike Forman Jerry Chandler amp Bill Hershey John Kapke Roy Ros feld Charles Franklin Curt Robbins John Molineaux Peter Combes Kevin Nealon Charles Field Gordon Stubbs Nancy Strange Tom Warrick Bernie Benson Harry Bishop Jim Harvison Raymond Hobbs Robert Wood George Kinal day 202 301 301 703 301 202 703 703 301 301 202 301 301 301 703 202 703 703 301 301 301 301 822 1093 654 8060 468 6118 820 8304 460 0754 223 1588 451 9373 691 1619 657 2353 699 8200 363 5963 656 4389 881 2543 460 0754 356 9025 223 1588 241 1216 790 1651 588 1992 694 5968 340 7962 997 9138 ABBS WAP428 or 301 301 703 202 703 703 301 301 703 703 301 703 202 Bob Platt with ruffles Berwyn Hgts MD 20740 341 7391 871 1455 280 1136 265 4040 750 0224 691 1619 656 4389 951 5294 931 4937 593 2993 490 7484 893 9591 546 7270 flour ishes and considerable fanfare announces the first Mac disk ives we ll us an introduct i in his Page from the Stack and hits his with a thumbnail sketch of the new c excellent hear more on this from others later on stride Walt Mossberg to PERUT John Love loves the way Charlie Bro
190. text and the margin will work with THE Spreadsheet 2 0 THE will be moved in 5 spaces to the right from it s Spreadsheet 2 0 uses standard DIF files for present position When you are done with that information exchange so any utility that works on piece and want to outdent back to the previous DIF files should also work with THE Spreadsheet position include Im 5 in your text You can 2 0 include the Im 5 in your glossary so you only have to type a single character to indent Of course you could use the absolute value for the left Q Is there a special statement needed to get the margin i e imi0 Im15 etc but if you later printer to print out in 80 columns on the Apple decided to change the overall margin you would have e to go back and change all the 1m commands A There is lots of confusion on this subject I am also somewhat confused by your question Let me Q When using Apple Writer II with a e how do you answer the general case of how to print 80 columns get the shift key to shift from the Apple If you are programming in Applesoft i or e you can print lines up to A We seem to be getting a lot of Apple Writer ques contd 10 June 1984 Washington Apple Pi Washington Apple Pi tions somebody must be writing a lot of letters To use the shift key on a e with Apple Writer II you need to put Apple Writer II into the upper case lock mode You can do this by typing Ctrl K Now release the caps lock key on the e an
191. th a JSR FD1B keys lt CTRL F gt and lt ESCape gt If neither then we and finish with an RTS That certainly sounds easy return in and out of the filter with the keypress enough We now know the beginning and the end of our being treated normally If the lt ESCape gt key the JSR filter Charlie Brown has essentially already FE89 unhooks Charlie s filter by placing FD1B back described the missing middle into KSW We then hook up DOS and JuMP back to Applesoft 1 Test for a lt CTRL F gt A lt CTRL F gt is the alert sig contd Washington Apple Pi June 1984 33 Now the lt CTRL F gt and we branch to the label MACRO We immediately read in and store in a safe place the keypress that follows the lt CTRL F gt We need to save it for comparison later Remember when I said earlier that the Special Function Key the one byte descriptor of the very first Macro is stored at 7088 Well Charlie Brown loads that address in the PoinTer at the location 0006 7 not used by DOS or Applesoft and therefore free for the taking Charlie then does several things the order is not sacred but all must be accomplished 1 Test for a 0 the presence of which indicates the very end of our Macro set see the earlter discussion of the Applesoft Driver If a 0 and therefore at the end we JuMP back to FDOC which treats the key press following the lt CTRL F gt as just an ORDinary key and processes it normally 2 If not a
192. the club s tutorials if we can get enough interested people We are also working on getting the meetings shown on local cable television public access channels In this way we hope to bring the meetings to the largest possible number of people If anyone has any informa tion about local cable services with public access channels please give me a call at the number below We could use lots of help in this effort Anyone with a VHS Video camera or portable video recorder who could bring their equipment to a meeting even once or twice a year would be a help So far we have been relying on Dave Morganstein Gordon Stubbs and John If the office of President Vice President for Pro Jones for all of our equipment We would like to have grams Vice President for Special Interest Groups enough members helping so one person would not have to Secretary or Treasurer becomes vacant for any reason carry his equipment to every meeting the vacancy shall be filled by the Board of Directors If you have any equipment or knowledge of cable ser 6 Article IX Section 3 fourth sentence shall be vices please give me a call at 258 9865 after 4 30 amended to read PM You help will be greatly appreciated 54 June 1984 Washington Apple P1 oe APPLE 80FT FROGRAMMING by Have you TIP Merte Block ever put a lt PRINT gt command or an lt INPUT gt Prompt in your BASIC program only to have the Apple split some of the instruction or prom
193. ticated database Management program in one product for the incredible price of 250 199 95 at some stores hereabouts The three programs are resident on a single disk and interact with each other via a desktop file manage ment system that can juggle up to a dozen files in memory simultaneously any combination of up to 12 Word Processing documents spreadsheets or data reports Overlapping windows or effects that behave just like windows are employed Like any program AppleWorks has some shortcomings and these will be discussed later But AppleWorks Word Processor Database and Spreadsheet would be considered first rate as stand alone software To gether they constitute a program few Apple owners will want to do without Requirements AppleWorks requires an Apple e or c Sorry no JE or J can run it For Apple s Haba markets on its own an identical program called III Easy Pieces On Apple e s an 80 column card is required An extra 64K while not technically required is nearly essential Without it only about 6K of files can go onto the desktop because the integrated programs take up so much RAM about 55K With 128K the desktop contains Only one drive is required so new c owners can start right in But two drives save a lot of disk swapping as the program disk can reside in drive 1 and the data disk in drive 2 The program uses the Apple DMP as its default printer setting bu
194. ton Apple Pi Library Book Listing May 3 1984 BASIC A Guide to Prograssing in Applesoft Presley 982 90 Rat BASIC Advanced BASIC Coan 1977 90 Subject Title Author Year ing BASIC Apple BASIC for Business Parker 1991 Seb cere teste E A E E som Som BASIC Apple BASIC Data File Prograssing Finkel 1982 95 Apple Rpple Reference Manual e Apple 1982 BASIC Apple Backpack Kamins 1982 95 Apple Apple e Ouner s Manual Apple 1983 BASIC Apple II BASIC Programaing Manual Apple 1981 Apple Apple II Reference Manual If Apple 1979 BASIC Apple Il User s Guide Poole 1982 95 Apple Apple Interfacing Titus 1981 70 BASIC Applesoft If Reference Manual bpple 1981 Apple 7 Apple Tech Notos Apple 1902 BASIC Applesaft Language Blackwood 1981 40 Apple Interface Projects for the Apple 11 Hallgren 1982 BASIC BASIC Prograssing Reference Manual Apple 1978 Apple The Apple Connection Caffron 1982 85 BASIC BASIC and the Persona Coeputer Duyer 1978 95 Apple The Custca Apple amp Other Mysteries Hofacker 1982 BASIC Basic Apple BASIC Coan 1982 95 Apple III The Osborne McGraw Hill Guide to Apple FI Miastk ski 1983 BASIC Coaputers for Kids Larsen 1981 90 Applications A Collection of Prograaaing Techaiques Maurer 1972 BASIC Bolden Delicious Gases for the Apple Franklin 1982 50 Applications Basic Coaputer Gases Microcoeputer Edition hl 1978 BASIC Introduction to BASIC Mor ton 1977 Applications Best of Creative Computing Vol 1 Aht 1976 BASIC Kids and the Apple T
195. ttons 360 cursor control auto centering amp 2 fine trimers SILVER REED 550P DAISY WHEEL CALL PRINTER 4 ONLY DIABLO 620 DAISY WHEEL PRINTER CALL 1 ONLY MICRO STAR COMPANY P O BOX 2307 COLUMBIA MD 21045 301 730 7172 Terms Add 1 00 handling fee per order MD residents add 5 tax Personal or company checks allow 2 weeks to clear COD accepted by M O or cashier check only add 1 65 COD charge Prices are subject to change without notice Q ty is subject to availability MC amp VISA customers x add 3 5 surcharge Manufacturer or ae HE Me E HEHE HE HE HE E HE HE HE E HE HE de Se HE E HE dE He HE d HE de HE AE HE He HE e He AE E HE E HEE de He E Ht E St HE at dE SE HE Ht HE HE dE te de AE de tt de EE dE dE IE d tt tt de tE EEE HE HE HE E E E HE AE HE HE EE E dE E E E 2E 2E ak HHH HE HEHE HE HE EE HE HE ETE HE HE EE EEE HE EE HEHEHE HHH EH HER E E EMH HHH HRHHHEE MSC warranty provided Floor sample Price slashed REEL RHERHRKEEHERRERRERHHEREHHHHEKES Washington Apple Pi June 1984 39 APPLE TRACKS by Richard I have seen the future and the future is ProD0S Apple s new disk operating system ProDOS brings the Apple into the 1980 s allowing more freedom and flexibility ProDOS is much like UNIX in that it uses hierarchical directories In English that means that ProDOS can store more than one catalog on a disk Each catalog is a volume and it is referred to by a name A disk can conta
196. ture system id in bit 7 6 Bit 2 unused Bit 1 00 no 80 col card 01 80 col card installed Bit 0 00 no ThunderClock or equivalent Ol ThunderClock instal led running on a e This will allow display of lower case characters by system programs ProDOS has cured one of DOS 3 3 s shortcomings the GET statement Under DOS 3 3 if a DOS command is executed after a GET statement it will not work Adding a print statement will fix this problem but it does not exist at all with ProDOS Using DOS 3 3 it was possible to change the I 0 hooks by changing the character out vector and the key in vectors on the zero page and then jump to 3EA to save the changes Under ProDOS the vectors should be changed on the global page BE30 BE31 contains the output address normally FD00 the monitor COUT rou tine and BE32 BE33 contains the input address usually FD1B the KEYIN routine Anytime they need to be changed all that must be done is to place new values in these locations One of the strong points of ProDOS is its flexibility It is possible to add commands to do almost anything under ProDOS I will explain this more fully in a future column but here ts just one example This command PAGE1 will turn on hi res page one mixed text and graphics whenever it is typed in the immed iate mode or preceded by CHR 4 in a program ORG 300 s PAGE1 TURNS ON PAGE 1 HIRES PAGE WITHOUT CLEARING SCREEN sWRITTEN 4 1 84 BY RICHA
197. ur A home or office Please call Sean Belanger at 840 5700 for details
198. urther information contact Danny at 588 6565 e MAC S SUCCESS STORY was highlighted in USA Today on May 3 Stories list other users groups Macintosh Users Group of San Francisco 415 441 8648 Betsy Radford newsletter 30 year ClubMac Boulder CO0 303 449 5533 Rick Barron newsletter 35 year Macintosh Users Group of Boston Computer Society 617 367 8080 newsletter 24 year amp 7 Q Faa PESIGN THE WAR The Special Interest Group Macintosh is sponsoring a contest to create a version of the Pi in the Apple logo of Washington Apple Pi using MacPaint or MousePaint The winning logo may be used in club activities on club stationery or for other uses Entries should be submitted in hardcopy form with the author s name address and telephone number The entry should fit on one screenful of MacPaint or MousePaint The winning entry will become the property of WAP and the winner will be asked to donate the logo im machine readable form to the club A suitable prize a WAP T shirt Disks will be awarded Entries should be submitted by mai to WAP Logo Contest Washington Apple Pi Ltd 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda Maryland 20814 Entries may also be submitted to Tom Warrick at the June meeting amp June 1984 19 MACINTOSH AND by Loftus E There is at the moment considerable confusion about the relationship between Macintosh and his big sisters all of whom confusingly are named Lisa
199. uter assigns a value of 0 So in this particular case TURN 2 coming in therefore the bracketed statement is true 1 and when added to 1 gives 2 If TURN 3 coming in the bracketed statement is false 0 and when added to 1 gives 1 To show the full value of our new turn maker here s a subrou tine where it is necessary The routine simulates a wheel spinning for a game I wrote The statement that replaced the IF statement TURN lt gt 3 1 works this way three 500 FOR I 1 TO 10 HOME 510 X INT RND 1 21 PRINT WH X CHR 7 520 FOR II O TO I 25 NEXT II 530 NEXT I 540 VLUE WH X 550 X INT RND 1 100 1 560 IF X lt 20 THEN HOME PRINT LOSE TURN TURN TURN TURN TURN lt gt 3 1 FOR I 0 TO 700 NEXT I HOME GOTO 230 570 IF VLUE 0 THEN HOME PRINT YOU LOSE ALL YOUR MONEY AND YOUR TURN PM TURN 0 TURN2 TURN 1 TURN lt gt 3 1 FOR I 0 TO 700 NEXT I HOME GOTO 230 Statements 500 530 simulate a wheel spinning using the values put into an array WH The final resting place of the wheel is then put into the variable VLUE Statements 550 560 create a situation where 20 percent of the time the player will lose his turn irrespective of what the wheel says If the player Washington Apple Pi ie JWUPIS te MuGFf ord doesn t lose his money he must then run the risk of losing his money and his turn if the wheel has come up with aQ In each of the last two lines using an IF statemen
200. wn does macros and Joan B fix Dunham brings screwdriver and deductive logic your ailing printer with the wWD 40 Walt Francis comes Gary Mugford is against IF junkies to running and Ray Hobbs delves into the architectural innards of Fred Naef continues to outguess Senators and Dana Schwartz does do windows often before you formulate them Ron Murray furthers his spread of the tie Virus but to a good end he several chips assures one and allt and Jay Thal covers ways to Washington Apple Pit June 1984 the amp PRSS iDeni S CORNER by David Morganstein THE SPECIAL MEETING While the crowd at the special meeting was not as large as a regular meeting the input was invaluable Tom Warrick acting as secre tary took almost ten pages of notes from the attend ees Let me mention a few things we learned and have reacted to already We could not understand why attendance at the Tuesday night tutorials has fallen off We discovered that printing the course outline in the journal every five months does not inform most new members To deal with this the new member packet now has a seven page update put together by Gena and Bernie Urban and Bob Platt The update includes an outline of the Tuesday night tutorials so every new member will be informed of the introduction to the Apple series of four evenings We did not know why attendance at the Thursday evening help sessions was so small We discovered that th
201. ww 2 Washington Apple Pi The Journal of Washington Apple Pi Ltd Volume 6 Jung 1984 Number 6 LOGO VIRUS PART I MACINTOSH AND HIS SISTERS APPLEWORKS A Review RULES FOR AN EXPERT SYSTEM Officers amp Staff Editorval sa President s Corner David Morganstein Event Queue WAP Elections SIGNews s s ss seo Minutes General Information Classifieds Telecomm SIG News Dave Harvey WAP HOC INING o s amp a Ven oS oR ow aS Bruce F Field LOGOSTG News a s o Nancy C Strange Logo Viiruse Part TI eaa e Ron Murray Dealer s Corner wE DisabledSIG News cee aday We Thal EOSTIG NEWS e e Peter Combes A Page From the Stack Robert C Platt SIG Mac News cema Ellen L Bouwkamp Design ME WAF LONG o s ce eac ne wa Macintosh and His Sisters Loftus E Becker Jr Apple Owners Guide to the c Robert C Platt AppleWorks A Review e Walt Mossberg Help My Printer Doesn t Work Joan Bixby Dunham Commercial Software Library PI SIG News 1 Am What DAW on ww se wee Letter to the Editor John A Love III A Catalog Poker C Swift Prop The Cheapest Re inker Walton Francis S C Macro Assembler The Author Replies Apple Donates ProDOS Manuals Thomas S Warrick Apple Tracks ProDOS Prose Richard Langston II Don t Be an IF Junkie Gary M Mugford 1001 Binary Tales Architecture Raymond Hobbs Suggestion for
202. xis Communicator includes Auto call Answer and Pickup Basic File Transfer Binary File Transfer and Text File Transfer i aiieieo o 3 Il SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE Centauri Distributing Company 416 East Hennepin Suite L 15 Dealer Inquiries Minneapolis MN 55414 Welcome Toll Free 1 800 328 8322 ext 331 In Minnesota 612 379 5312 Micromodem I1 is a Trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products Inc Apple is a registered Telex 820800 Trademark of Apple Computers Inc Networker is a Trademark of Zoom Telephonics Ine Axis Axis Communicator are Trademarks of Centauri Distributing Co Ine Washington Apple Pi June 1984 53 BYLAWS AMENDMENT Ca ba tt by Robert The Executive Board adopted a series of amendments at its April meeting to add an additional Director to the Board and to divide the Vice President s duties be tween two Officers The two new Vice Presidents for SIGs and Programs would both serve as voting members of the Board These changes will go into effect on July 1 when our new directors and officers begin serving As a result the current election will select two Vice Presidents and seven Directors at Large Here is the text of the amendments 1 Article VII Section 2 first sentence shall be amended to read The Board of Directors shall be composed of 15 mem bers the President the Vice President for Programs the Vice President for Special Interest Groups the Secretary the Treasur
203. your printer Apple boards on the market to do this but you are still says on page 26 of the 80 column Text Card Manual left with the problem of modifying the software and this is best left to an expert So you will not Typing PR 0 or PR 6 on an Apple e while the 80 be able to use the Dan Paymar adapter nor your Column Text Card is active causes unpredictable VISION 80 card without a pre boot disk A pre boot results and a confusing display If you want to disk is adisk that is used to start your system use peripheral cards such as for a printer in slot and then you run your program Apple Writer in this 1 or to use the PR amp 6 command you must always case The pre boot disk temporarily modifies the deactivate the 80 Column Text Card first program to work with the 80 column card Every time you want to run the program you will have to I have also had problems on occasion with printing start up with the pre boot disk first from within a program with the 80 Column card Unfortunately the VIDEX 80 column board works active If you are typing from the keyboard to differently than your VISION 80 board and the Videx deactivate the card type ESC then Ctr1 Q If you a pre boot disk will not work You should contact running a program execute PRINT CHR 21 before Vista to see if they have a pre boot disk for Apple turning on the printer When you are through Writer II and your card printing return to the 80 column mode with PRINT CHR 4 PR 3 Q

Washington Apple Pi Journal, June 1984

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