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Applied LATEX for Economists, Social Scientists and Others

1. y circ y7 amp amp text by eqref eq gather y 0 y amp amp text by Axiom 1 end align r Y Y2 Y3 Y5 Ys by 5 1 y oy by 5 19 y 0 y by Axiom 1 begin alignat ncols content end alignat If we repeat the process in Example replacing the align environment with an alignat environment we get example Example 5 19 Alignat begin alignat 3 a_ 11 amp b_ 11 amp a_ 12 b_ 12 a_ 13 amp b_ 13 a_ 21 amp b_ 21 amp a_ 22 amp b_ 22 a_ 23 amp b_ 23 a_ 31 amp b_ 31 a_ 32 amp b_ 32 a_ 33 end alignat a11 b11012 b12013 b13 a21 b21022 b22093 b23 a31 631032 632433 b33 In the align environment IXI X fixes the separation between the equations as in ex ample The alignat environment allows us to specify how the equations are to be 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 93 separated Here we have not specified any space between the equations and we have not got the desired result In the next box we have added quad to each equation and we get an appropriate version of the equations It is perhaps a matter of taste whether you think which of Examples 5 17 or 5 20 is best in any particular circumstance Example 5 20 More alignat begin alignat 3 a_ 11 amp b_ 11 quad a_ 12 amp b_ 12 quad amp a_ 13 amp b_ 13 notag a_ 21 b_ 21 quad
2. centred centred right 5 13 You indicate where the lines are to be broken with a Equation is an adapted version of equation 1 7 4 in 2000 and uses a multiline environment The starred version of this environment multiline produces an unnumbered version of the equation 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 89 Example 5 14 Multiline begin multline labelfeq multiline log left frac TC_i Q_i right beta_1 beta_2 1 log Q_i beta_3 log p_ i1 beta_4 log p_ i2 beta_5 log p_ i3 varepsilon_i quad i 1 dots T end multline B3log p 1 B4 log pi2 Bs log pi3 E t 1 5 5 4 The gather and gather Environments The gather environment is similar to the multiline except that all lines are centred as illustrated below line 1 5 15 line 2 5 16 line 3 5 17 line 4 5 18 The box below illustrates the use of the gather environment to reset the same equation as used to illustrate the multiline environment 5 5 5 The align and align Environments The align environment is used when we want to set a system of equations aligned in a manner to be specified The simplest use is where only one horizontal alignment is required Usually the align ment is at an equal or other relationship symbol The alignment mark is a amp which is 90 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 15 Gat
3. Several languages may be specified in the options on the babel statement The last such language specified is the default for the document It is possible to switch to one of the other languages specified for a portion of the document See the babel manual and http www ctan org pkg babel Most modern keyboards are language specific With a suitable editor characters specific to a language can be entered into LATEX from the keyboard This will not lead to any problem unless one is collaborating with a second author whoo uses another keyboard In such the inputenc package provides a solution to the problem The option usepackage latin1 inputenc can represent most European languages In early TeX systems accented characters such as O were produced by overprinting the 0 with The fontenc package with the T1 option adds the accented character and many other characters to ATEX usepackage T1 fontenc textcomp adds various text symbols to LATEX usepackage textcomp The eurosym package provides access to various forms of the Euro symbol 181 For details see url http www theiling de eurosym html usepackage left eurosym The upquote package gives appropriate quotation marks in verbatim style environments This is useful if you have computer listings in your document usepackage upquote Graphics Packages Load the graphicx package See Section 7 usepa
4. 6 1 Floating Environments IATRX is very good at deciding where it can break a sentence or paragraph and go to a new page There are however certain blocks of material such as graphs other figures and tables that in general should not be broken across pages Such items are known in IATRX as floats Sometimes they can be placed where they occur other times times they may be placed at the top or bottom of the existing page or even at the top or bottom of a following page Sometimes an author may wish to specify that all floats should be placed at the end of a document XTX allows us to specify which of these options we prefer Once one has specified what material is to be included in floats and our preferences about the positioning of the floats we can usually leave the rest to ATRX IXT X had two main environments or classes for floating material Every float belongs to one class There are two default classes e table for tables and related material e figure for graphs pictures and similar material I shall deal with the figure environment in more detail in chapter 100 Tables In this book I use a floating environment for setting various examples e g example 6 1 on page 104 This environment is generated using the tcolorbox package see section 8 13 6 2 The table and tablex Environments The basic code for a table environment is given in the box below begin table preferences table material e g tabula
5. 41 The text of the document which contains the main content of the document Class Options Geometry Document Class article Typeface Size 10pt Paper Size a4paper Encoding latint AMS Packages makeidx Package graphicx Package Author ll o o Title openany onecolumn twocolumn titlepage Other Options notitlepage openbib legno fleqn Figure 4 1 Begin BTEX Wizard A modern IXT X editor such as TeXstudio or the other interfaces described in Chapter 10 provides facilities to automate most of the preparation of a IAT X document There are several ways to start a TEX document 1 Possibly expand on the simple example given in section 3 7 2 When I first used IATFX I copied the preamble of a ATEX document from a col league s document and then proceeded to add my text At the time I did not understand the purpose of many of the usepackage statements included in the preamble I knew that they added extra facilities In all likelihood I did not use many of the extra facilities provided by the packages While this may have caused some minor inefficiency it did not interact with my document preparation If your document is very simple you could use the preamble to the documents in figure 8 7 or the more realistic examples in Chapter I to Alternatively if your organisa 42 Basic ATRX Syntax tion has a local ATX expert he may have a template that satisfy any requiremen
6. Antykwa P o K tawskiego a Type 1 famil Antykwa Toru nska a Type 1 family of a LaTeX document shell for ANU final exam Select any font size in LaTex onee A Figure 2 2 Package Manager Figure 2 3 MiKTeX Settings 20 Installing ATEX Update Source Choose where you wantto get updates from Mrain Wownloads y a directory location Complete lestused Figure 2 4 First Step in Update Process Updateable Packages Select the packages you wish to update To start the update process click Next 22 Feb 10 09 Mar 12 22 Nov 11 11 Nov 11 15 Nov 11 02 Feb 11 08 Mar 10 23 Jun 11 17 Jul 11 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 21 Mar 12 CERTI Figure 2 5 Second Step in Update Process 2 3 MiKTeX Maintenance 21 Update Process Selected packages are being updated Figure 2 6 Third Step in Update Process Installing ATEX 2 4 Installing TeXLive Tex Live may be installed e By downloading and running a net install program This program sets options and downloads the ATEX system as it installs it https www tug org texlive acquire netinstall html e Downloading a large iso file currently about 2 6 GB Writing this to DVD and run ning the install program from the DVD The DVD contains installation and man agement instructions There is an easy to use installation program for windows that
7. amp Misplaced alignment tab character amp 118 amp In most of these cases the information in the message makes it easy to find and correct the problem In some cases ATRXmay run but will not produce the required 17 2 Errors 233 output Proof reading should identify the problem in such cases 2 Another possible problem is to open an environment and not close it A sample log file resulting from such and error is illustrated in figure 17 4 TeXstudio has no way of determining where the environment should end In this case it points to the end of the document The first line of the log message does point to where the unclosed environment was started This information can be used to fix the problem 3 I have illustrated in figures to 16 11 what happens if you misspell a ATEX command This again should be easy to identify and fix Many word processing programs have an automatic save after a specified interval If you are using TeXstudio you should consider processing the file frequently This has several advantages e Each time you process the file it is saved e If you encounter an error it is almost certainly in the material that you have typed since the previous time that you processed and saved the file e It gives you the opportunity to preview the most recent material that you have typeset 0 begin center 56 Line 56 Visual column 0 Text column 0 LaTeX Error begin
8. 163 55 0 72064 January 2008 1 4718 158 68 0 74725 February 2008 1 4748 157 97 0 75094 March 2008 1 5527 156 59 0 77494 April 2008 1 5751 161 56 0 79487 May 2008 1 5557 162 31 0 79209 June 2008 1 5553 166 26 0 79152 July 2008 1 5770 168 45 0 79308 August 2008 1 4975 163 63 0 79279 September 2008 1 4370 153 20 0 79924 October 2008 1 3322 133 53 0 78668 November 2008 1 2732 123 28 0 83063 December 2008 1 3449 122 51 0 90448 January 2009 1 3239 119 73 0 91819 February 2009 1 2785 118 30 0 88691 March 2009 1 3050 127 65 0 91966 April 2009 1 3190 130 25 0 89756 May 2009 1 3650 131 85 0 88445 June 2009 1 4016 1385 39 0 85670 July 2009 1 4088 133 09 0 86092 August 2009 1 4268 135 31 0 86265 September 2009 1 4562 133 14 0 89135 October 2009 1 4816 133 91 0 91557 Continued on next page Tables Monthly Average USD JPY and GBP ex change rates with Euro continued USD JPY GBP November 2009 1 4914 132 97 0 89892 December 2009 1 4614 131 21 0 89972 January 2010 1 4272 130 34 0 88305 February 2010 1 3686 123 46 0 87604 March 2010 1 3569 123 03 0 90160 April 2010 1 3406 125 33 0 87456 May 2010 1 2565 115 83 0 85714 June 2010 1 2209 110 99 0 82771 July 2010 1 2770 111 73 0 83566 August 2010 1 2894 110 04 0 82363 September 2010 1 3067 110 26 0 83987 October 2010
9. 23 with their package management system If you are concerned you can install in a sub directory of your home directory For details see the manual TeXstudio packages may also be available in the package depository of your Linux distri bution Alternatively deb and rpm packages for several Linux distributions are available at Kile is an alternative KDE based interface to ATRX which Linux users may prefer to TeXstudid Experienced Linux users may prefer to use Emacs and AucTeX or Vim 2 5 2 Apple OS The MacTeX 2012 distribution is available for download from This page also contains a lot of links to material specific the use of ATRX on Apple OS The distribution contains a user interface designed for Mac A version of TeXstudio is also available for Mac OS 2 5 3 Portable Devices On Apple iOS the TeX Writer app http www texwriterapp com lets you write compile and preview T X documents on an iPad iPhone and no internet connection is required The app contains a dedicated keyboard It synchronises with Dropbox allowing you to share files with PCs and other mobile devices The app only supports a limited number of packages but additional packages can be included in the working directory I have installed the app on an iPad and successfully compiled several test files On Android the apps TeXPortal and TeXpert provide a IATRX system TeXPortal provides the TEX compiler and TeXpert an edit compile view interface
10. ATEX Input Citations See cite Camp97 See cite Mccu08 See cite Kind00 bibliographystyle chicago begin thebibliography 99 bibitem Campbell et al 1997 Camp97 Campbell J Y A W Lo and A C Mac K inlay 1997 newblock em The Econometrics of Financial Markets newblock Princeton University Press bibitem Kindleberger 2000 Kind00 Kindleberger C P 2000 newblock em Manias Panics and Crashes A History of Financial Criises newblock Palgrave bibitem McCullough and Heiser 2008 Mccu08 McCullough B and D A Heiser 2008 newblock On the accuracy of statistical procedures in M icrosoft E xcel 2007 newblock em Computational Statistics and Data Analysis em 52 4570 4578 end thebibliography ATEX Output Citations See Campbell et al 1997 See McCullough and Heiser 2008 See Kindleberger 2000 References Campbell J Y A W Lo and A C MacKinlay 1997 The Econometrics of Financial Markets Princeton University Press Kindleberger C P 2000 Manias Panics and Crashes A History of Financial Criises Palgrave McCullough B and D A Heiser 2008 On the accuracy of statistical procedures in Microsoft Excel 2007 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 52 4570 4578 Figure 15 3 Bibliography without BibTpX CHAPTER LO Some Simple User Defined Functions 16 1 Introduction If you have done some programming befo
11. Figure 1 1 Simple ATEX program Figure contains the ATEX mark up that is necessary to produce the document in Figure L F Note the following points about the ATFX listing e Any line starting with a sign is ignored by IAT X If the sign is in the middle of the line the sign and anything after the sign is ignored See also section on page 37 where this example is compiled using the TeXstudio interface 5If you need a sign you can learn how to insert it in section 4 4 page 47 As we shall see several symbols have special meanings 1 7 A Simple Example e Mark up is achieved by ATX commands All TEX commands start with a e The script is divided into two parts a preamble which in this case consists of the three statements documentclass article title A first LaTeX document author A N Other Number 1 University thanks Thanks to those who aided me with this document All TEX documents must start with a documentclass command I shall discuss this command in greater detail in subsection 4 3 1 The title command simply contains the title of the article The author command sets out the name and address of the author If this is to be spread out over several lines each individual line should be terminated by The thanks command is part of the author command and puts a footnote to the authors name on the title page of the article Have a look at figure 1 2 to see what is pro
12. In a posting to comp text tex in May 1998 someone asked about the possibility of an enumerated environment that a can be used within paragraphs b takes care of enumeration and c has items that can be referenced Another posting mentioned the ATEX itemize environment except that symbols are used instead of numbers in the lists You may specify the symbols to be used There are also similar extensions to the ATX description package asparadesc inparaitem and inparaitem environments 8 8 Chapter Headings The fncychap package provides alternative ways of setting Chapter headings in the book class Look at the manual The chapter headings in this book was produced by including usepackage Sonny fncychap in the preamble to the document The fncychap application provides facilities for chan ging ATEX default chapter headings and gives several new pre set heading formats 8 9 Page Styles and the fancyhdr package 135 Example 8 5 Example of use of compactenum environment The standard texttt enumerate environment produces begin fenumerate item The first item item The second item item The third item end enumerate The texttt compactenum environment produces begin compactenum item The first item item The second item item The third item end compactenum The standard enumerate environment produces 1 The first item 2 The second item 3 The third item The compactenum enviro
13. The pagebackref option inserts the reverse links in the bibliography This package should be the last package to be loaded 15 1 5 The biblatex package The biblatex package and biber program is a reimplementation of the BibTFX system While the new system is more flexible I have found that natbib and BibT X have been sufficient for my needs The biblatex manuals are on my system at C MikKTeX 2 9 doc latex biblatex biblatex pdf If you do wish to use biblatex you will probably find the examples in the examples subdirectory useful Biblatex was used for the management of the bibliography in 2012 There is explained in the book on pages 25 29 15 1 6 Bibliographies without a BibTfX data base It is possible to avoid using a BibTeX data base and enter the bibliography in the actual document To do this we have the thebibliography environment The thebibliography 2To enable the required functionality the hyperref package must overwrite parts of some other packages If those packages are loaded after the hyperref package the amendments will not be made 15 1 Introduction 219 environment is similar to a listing environment such as the itemize environment Each entry in the thebibliography environment is started by a bibitem command rather than a item command To produce the kind of author year bibliography at the end of this document continue to load the natbib package The bibitem entry has the following format for t
14. a_ 22 amp b_ 22 quad amp a_ 23 amp b_ 23 notag a_ 31 amp b_ 31 quad a_ 32 amp b_ 32 quad amp a_ 33 amp b_ 33 end alignat q11 bit 012 b12 013 bi3 a21 bai 022 b22 a23 b23 a31 b31 a32 b32 433 b33 5 5 7 The flalign and flalign Environments The flalign and flalign environments spread the equations over the entire line The left most equation is left justified and the right right justified See the box below 5 5 8 The array Environments and Systems of Equations The array environment is the mathematical equivalent of the text environment tabular While the default content of the tabular environment is text the default content of the array environment is mathematics The format of the array environment is 94 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 21 Brackets begin flalign label eq falign a_ 11 amp b_ 11 amp a_ 12 amp b_ 12 a_ 13 amp b_ 13 notag a_ 21 b_ 21 amp a_ 22 amp b_ 22 a_ 23 amp b_ 23 notag a_ 31 amp b_ 31 a_ 32 amp b_ 32 a_ 33 amp end flalign a13 b13 a23 b23 a33 b33 5 24 begin array position column justification column 1 amp column 2 amp colum 3 column 1 amp column 2 amp colum 3 column 1 amp column 2 amp colum 3 end array where the optional parameter position is a combination of htb with the same meaning as in the tab
15. details see the manual 8 11 Verbatim Packages 8 11 1 fancyverb The fancyvrb environment provides enhancements to the verbat inff environment Sev eral new verbatim environments are provided of which the Verbatim is described here The verbatim environment is covered in subsection on page 64 142 Other Useful Packages The Verbatim environment has a variety of options which provide considerable flexibility in the formatting of the verbatim test The main options facilities are a The use of verbatim commands and environments the standard TEX and fancyvrb ones in footnotes This is possible after a VerbatimFootnotes statement in the document b Allow comments in verbatim environments Example 8 6 Example of a comment in a verbatim statement source app fancyvrb manual begin Verbatim commentchar 4 ordinary comment in code Verbatim Line A comment that will not print end Verbatim source fancyvrb manual ordinary comment in code Verbatim Line c Suppress initial characters of listing useful if you wish to reproduce a computer listing or similar which is indented in its source and this indentation not needed in your output d The formatcom option allows one to issue a command before the Verbatim listing In example 8 7 this process is used to change the colour of the verbatim text to red Example 8 7 Example of the use of the formatcom option source app fancyvrb
16. verbatim format The character which marks the start and end of the verbatim text may be replaced by any other character The choice of character is dependent on the content of the verbatim text This is illustrated in example The first line uses a character to delineate the verbatim text The Verbatim text in the second line contains a and an other character is used for this purpose Example 4 7 Example of verb command verb begin verbatim verb abc def begin verbatim abctdef While the verbatim environment is sufficient for most requirements the fancyvrb pack age offers several extensions and enhancements to the basic verbatim environment It allows one to e Change fort size and shape It is probably best to do this for all similar verbatim environments throughout the document e Include verbatim sections in footnotes e Include comments in verbatim environments e Suppress leading characters in a environment e Customise various aspects of the formatting of an verbatim environment e Include frames around an verbatim environment e Include colours in an verbatim environment e etc These facilities are described in full in the fancyvrb manual 4 This manual is available in my MiKTeX 2 9 installation at C MikTeX 2 9 doc latex fancyvrb fancyvrb pdf You can also get information on this package at http www ctan org pkg fancyvrb The site http www ctan org pkg which is part of Jim Heff
17. 2 Add a column of s to each row of the data 3 Edit Delete or insert data as required You may need to format some columns to give the required number of decimal places 4 In the menu File Save as in the drop down box select Text CSV csv csv and ensure that the box Edit filter settings is ticked 5 Enter a file name and select Save Confirm csv format when prompted 6 In the Enter Text File dialogue see figure 9 1 that appears enter amp as Field delimiter and delete any Text delimiter Selecting OK will now save the file in a format that can be included within a tabular environment 7 Each line in the generated file will now end with amp Open the file in a text editoi and use a global find and replace to replace each amp in the file with This gives a file that can be incorporated in a tabular longtable or similar environment The data for table 6 2 was generated in this way Gnumeric is a free spreadsheet program that provides many of the facilities of Excel and Calc If you are using a spreadsheet for statistical analyses then Gnumeric is the best choice 21 am using Calc to set up the tabular structures described in chapter 6 You might need to refer to some of the material in that chapter 3As a text editor I recommend notepad http notepad plus plus org or Scite http wiw scintilla org SciTE html For farther elaboration see McCu
18. 7 3 The graphicx package and includegraphics command 118 pao oe ee ee ee a 120 123 Mee eee Ae EE 123 puja BA Dk p ae Po ae EE da aa va 123 Jil TA o sas eee oe Hegde oe hte ws ee Be one Be liet 123 8 2 2 INPUtONG ek ook e A A Ac oe ee ch ee ee Le s 124 anh fe tacts ak Ge hee ate une care deo ge ee see ee ae a ee og 124 O 2 4 COXtCOMP ena ahaa a ee ae OR ee A A 124 8 20 Mat hab i cia ick Gate aon Ae hoe ce Gh a oe ee 125 920 PAPONG rok i Boe i e ah Ba oe o de de a Se S F 125 8 2 SUTOSYO e bbe ee a Re ee ee ee ee ES 125 82 0 Upquote sew at ys wb eee es ee a a a a Ge 125 sp ead we he oe ee a Ed eee 126 Sd Graphic own ee ae wad wee Bere ie w oe ew we be eb eee 126 A so ab bw a ee Shek we ok Gee ce ey So bow a Geb Gee we Bot 126 pod pulse eh as Ge Seige Be E his ol eh a 126 8AL setspace e ew cae eee aa Se REA ee Ae we Ge Eb 126 8 4 2 geometry 127 re rere 127 E E ee ab ee ae Sa ae Ea 129 3 0 longtablel 20 ce ee bal Gwe bed e de bared oe ee ci ae Gs 129 8 6 2 threeparttable 00 0000 0 2000048 129 er dk a a a a Eke a db a Bt 129 A AAA 130 8 002 Caption e a ece de a UL a Bee ee Rha ee oe eS A A a eevee Ace iver oh Genie aie uk a Goan ee Gece Se ke See ais 8 6 DAGDIDL s bits dr a AR a Ae ee a A 8 7 Enhanced Listing Package 2 22 o e e S E GY agp inp eek fe a Benge aie at e Grd ee ae aes ae ee ce a 8 8 Chapter Headings 0 0 0000 a 8 9 P
19. An updated version of TeX Live for any Linux distribu tion is available at MacTex is the corresponding distribution for Apple Mac The current version requires OS 10 5 Leopard or higher Earlier versions which are compatible with earlier versions of Mac OS can be downloaded from the same website 3 You should then install TeXstudio to manage your text insert the necessary mark up and manage your interaction with the IAT X system If you have installed proTeXt you may need to update the installed version of TeXstudio Simply down 1 6 Notation load the install program for the latest version run it and follow the instructions on screen 4 If your document is mainly text you may be able to typeset most of it using the simple example in figure I 1 as a template A more elaborate template is described in chapter 5 If required read the parts of chapters 4 to 7 that cover what you need of text formatting mathematical symbols and equations tables and graphs You do not need to learn these in detail as the help files menu items buttons and auto completion of mark up can be a great help to both the beginner and the experienced user 1 6 Notation In this paper we shall display TeX input and output in boxes such as figures and 1 2 respectively In the text ATX commands will be display in a fixed font as in the following text begin equation x y z end equation In the following command input filena
20. August 2005 1 2292 135 98 0 68527 September 2005 1 2256 136 06 0 67760 October 2005 1 2015 138 05 0 68137 November 2005 1 1786 139 59 0 67933 December 2005 1 1856 140 58 0 67922 January 2006 1 2103 139 82 0 68598 February 2006 1 1938 140 77 0 68297 March 2006 1 2020 140 96 0 68935 April 2006 1 2279 143 72 0 69435 May 2006 1 2770 142 70 0 68330 June 2006 1 2650 145 11 0 68666 July 2006 1 2684 146 70 0 68782 August 2006 1 2811 148 53 0 67669 September 2006 1 2727 148 99 0 67511 October 2006 1 2611 149 65 0 67254 November 2006 1 2881 151 11 0 67397 December 2006 1 8213 154 82 0 67286 January 2007 1 2999 156 56 0 66341 February 2007 1 3074 157 60 0 66800 Continued on next page 3Data for this table were extracted from an excel file downloaded from http www centralbank ie polstats stats exrates Pages default aspx and processed as described on page 6 5 Long Tables Monthly Average USD JPY and GBP ex change rates with Euro continued USD JPY GBP March 2007 1 3242 155 24 0 68021 April 2007 1 3516 160 68 0 67934 May 2007 1 3511 163 22 0 68136 June 2007 1 3419 164 55 0 67562 July 2007 1 3716 166 76 0 67440 August 2007 1 3622 159 05 0 67766 September 2007 1 3896 159 82 0 68887 October 2007 1 4227 164 95 0 69614 November 2007 1 4684 162 89 0 70896 December 2007 1 4570
21. Most Linux package repositories have a TeXstudio package If the version available for your distribution is recent then you can use your distribution s package manager to install the program It is possible that a newer version for your distribution is avail able on http texstudio sourceforge net If all else fails you can compile the source code Instructions are available at nttp sourceforge net apps mediawiki texstudio index php title CompileTXS 3 2 3 Apple OS Installation packages and instructions are available at http texstudio sourceforge 3 3 Configuring and Using TeXstudio The opening window in TeXstudio is shown in figure 3 1 en_GB dic Document Structure Edit your file here Eo Ml messages log file errors I preview search results Messages Log Errors Preview Search Results Readv Normal Made Figure 3 1 TeXstudio Start up Window 34 Installing and using TeXstudio The main features of TeXstudio are described in that diagram Across the top is the usual type of menu system that is familiar to all users of an MS Windows or other GUI Graphical User Interface Below this is a row of icons that give quick access to various features of TeXstudio These are described in section There are two main windows e The main edit window on the right where one prepares the document e The second window displays the structure of the document i e list of
22. usetheme Warsaw Note 2 Languages Options usepackage latin1i inputenc usepackage T1 fontenc usepackage textcomp usepackage left eurosym usepackage graphicx usepackage amsmath usepackage amsthm Note 3 newcommand rd ensuremath mathrm d Provides an upright derivative sign title Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds author Charles Mackay Illustrated London News thanks Comments by mail to Illustrated London News date 1 textsuperscript st ed 1841 2 textsuperscript nd ed 1852 begin document begin frame Note 4 frametitle Summary Note 5 maketitle end frame section introduction Note 6 begin frame Note 4 frametitle Summary Note 5 Xtableof contents Note 7 end frame section Bubbles Note 6 subsection Mississippi Scheme Note 8 begin frame Note 4 frametitle John Law Note 5 begin block 1671 1715 Note 9 begin itemize Note 10 item Banking Family 200 Using Beamer for Presentations item Gambling item Duelling end itemize end block pause Note 11 begin block Mississippi Company Note 9 begin enumerate Note 10 item Louisiana Trading Company pause Note 11 item Banque General pause Note 11 item Bubble and Collapse end enumerate end block end frame subsection South Sea Bubble Note begin frame Note fr
23. 0 68666 July 2006 amp 1 2684 amp 146 70 amp 0 68782 August 2006 amp 1 2811 amp 148 53 amp 0 67669 September 2006 amp 1 2727 amp 148 99 amp 0 67511 October 2006 amp 1 2611 amp 149 65 amp 0 67254 November 2006 amp 1 2881 amp 151 11 amp 0 67397 December 2006 amp 1 3213 amp 154 82 amp 0 67286 January 2007 amp 1 2999 amp 156 56 amp 0 66341 February 2007 amp 1 3074 amp 157 60 amp 0 66800 March 2007 amp 1 3242 amp 155 24 amp 0 68021 April 2007 amp 1 3516 amp 160 68 amp 0 67934 May 2007 amp 1 3511 amp 163 22 amp 0 68136 June 2007 amp 1 3419 amp 164 55 amp 0 67562 July 2007 amp 1 3716 amp 166 76 amp 0 67440 August 2007 amp 1 3622 amp 159 05 amp 0 67766 September 2007 amp 1 3896 amp 159 82 amp 0 68887 October 2007 amp 1 4227 amp 164 95 amp 0 69614 November 2007 amp 1 4684 amp 162 89 amp 0 70896 December 2007 amp 1 4570 amp 163 55 amp 0 72064 January 2008 amp 1 4718 amp 158 68 amp 0 74725 February 2008 amp 1 4748 amp 157 97 amp 0 75094 March 2008 amp 1 5527 amp 156 59 amp 0 77494 April 2008 amp 1 5751 amp 161 56 amp 0 79487 May 2008 amp 1 5557 amp 162 31 amp 0 79209 June 2008 amp 1 5553 amp 166 26 amp 0 79152 July 2008 amp 1 5770 amp 168 45 amp 0 79308 6 5 Long Tables 109 August 2008 amp 1 4975 amp 163 63 amp 0 792
24. 2012 and Asus TF100 Android tablets using the TeXPortal app available from the Google Playstore 2The latest version may not be available at the same time in all operating systems 3See http en wikipedia org wiki TeX Introduction is now much more often used than TeX In particular the facilities available in TEX make a TEX system more accessible to beginners LATEX or other TFX based systems are almost the de facto standard for the preparation and publication of books and journal articles in mathematics computer sciences Physics Chemistry and other Sciences In economics many of the top journals AER Applied Economics Canadian Journal of Economics Econometrica Economica International Economic Review Journal of Applied Econometrics JAE Journal of Political Economy etc and Book Publishers e g Springer Taylor and Francis Cambridge University Press Elsevier have special ATEX styles for books 1 4 Outline Contents This book has been prepared with TEX It illustrates many of the things that you can accomplish with ATEX The general layout of the book is as follows e The current Chapter is an introduction and overview of ATEX Section I 7 contains a simple example of ATEX input that will produce a paper which consists of text alone All that is missing is the text of the paper If your paper consists of text divided into sections subsections etc you can cut and past into an editor and simply add section su
25. 214 c Work PhD Thesis Temp thesis_main_5 aux LaTeX Warning Label s may have changed Rerun to get cross references right see the transcript file for additional information Output written on thesis_main_5 dvi 230 pages 1239452 bytes Transcript written on thesis_main_5 log c Work PhD Thesis Temp gt latex thesis_main_5 tex This is pdfTeX Version 3 1415926 2 4 1 40 13 MiKTeX 2 9 entering extended mode c Work PhD Thesis Temp thesis_main_5 tex LaTeX2e lt 2011 06 27 gt Babel lt v3 8m gt and hyphenation patterns for English Afrikaans ancientgreek lots more output deleted 2006 _ introduction pdf T1i hlh m n 12 214 c Work PhD Thesis Temp thesis_main_5 aux see the transcript file for additional information Output written on thesis_main_5 dvi 230 pages 1239452 bytes Transcript written on thesis_main_5 log 28 Installing ATEX c Work PhD Thesis Temp gt dvips P pdf thesis_main_5 dvips P pdf thesis_main_5 This is dvips k 5 992 Copyright 2012 Radical Eye Software www radicaleye com TeX output 2013 01 29 1404 gt thesis_main_5 ps Even more output deleted 209 210 211 212 213 214 c Work PhD Thesis Temp gt ps2pdf thesis_main_5 ps c Work PhD Thesis Temp gt CHAPTER 3 Installing and using TeXstudio 3 1 TeXstudio The latest version of TeXstudio may be downloaded from http texstudio sourceforge TeXstudio is a graphica
26. By default runs pdflatex e Stop Compile Use if the compile has taken too long T View Opens the internal pdf viewer at the point corresponding to the position of the cursor in the ATRX source Access to some AAT fXcommands Math Access to some table editing features of TeXstudio Format File comparison features Diff ND OF 6 There is also a set of icons to aid negotiating a document in the internal pdf document Viewer 8 The Central tool bar should appear between the edit and structure windows If it does not right click on any of the tool bars A drop down list of tool bars should appear To make the central tool bar appear put a tick in the box opposite Central in the drop down box If you wish you can remove any of the tool bars by removing the tick opposite the tool bar in the drop down box 9 There is also a Custom tool box that you can populate with any TFX com mands that you wish By default it is empty by default 32 Installing and using TeXstudio The default functionality of these tool bars is satisfactory for a beginner It is useful to know that if needed they can be re configured using the menu item Options Configure Texstudio Select toolbars in the left hand column In the drop down box on the top of the second column select the tool bar that you wish to edit In the second column select an item that you wish to remove and press the arrow to move it from the tool bar In the
27. Clicking on the relevant install button then installs MiKTeX You will be offered several options 1 Package Set I would have a certain preference for the installation of the complete MiKTeX rather than the default base MiKTeX Choosing the complete MikTeX option does make the install and later update process slower If you do install a less than complete system MiK TeX can download any missing packages in a document provided you have access to the internet see 3 below 2 Installation Directory I would recommend that you do not have spaces in your installation directory I would specify C MiKTeX 2 9 rather that a subdirectory 16 Installing ATEX of c Program Files as instillation directory on my PCs 3 Settings Here you specify your default paper size and whether you want to install missing packages on the fly If you have missing packages specified in your ATpx document do you want MiK TeX to install them from the web The default is to download after asking for and obtaining confirmation You may also download a MiKTeX installer from http miktex org If you choose that option the install process is somewhat different The MiKTeX manual which covers this installation may be downloaded from http miktex org docs 2 3 MiKTeX Maintenance The first advantage of MiK TeX is that it allows the easy installation of a comprehensive range of ATRX related programs and packages A less obvious advantage is that it p
28. I use usepackage format hang caption URL Package Allow the typing of email addresses hypertext links directories paths etc The obeyspaces option keeps spaces in the url Without this option they are ignored usepackage L obeyspaces url Bibliography management facilities 183 usepackage natbib The parskip package with the parfill option inserts a blank line between paragraphs Comment the next usepackage statement if you do not like this effect usepackage parfill parskip Enhanced Listing Package The paralist environment extends the listing environments in LATEX It provides for listing within paragraphs and changes in the spacing and labelling of lists usepackage paralist Chapter Headings The fncychap package provides alternative ways of setting Chapter headings in the book classs Look at the manual Try usepackage Sonny fncychap Page Layout The fancyhdr package allows one to set various features of the page layout including headers footers etc usepackage fancyhdr Packages for Typesetting Pages in Landscape The lscape package provides an environment landscape which allows on to switch from a portrait to a landscape format The environment works by starting a new page and setting the remainder of the material in the environment in landscape mode At the end of the environment a new page is started and typesetting i
29. TeXstu dio knows it must run the TEX compile process twice With some other ATEX interfaces the user may be responsible for running the TAT X programs more than once if required Other files are generated if you are generating a table of contents table of figures list of tables indices bibliographies etc If you are using the longtable package and you find that your tables are not properly aligned you may need to run your compile program another couple of times 40 Basic ATRX Syntax log files will contain a record of any errors or warnings issued by the ATEX compiler during a run Some students will try to put all the files for a course in one directory The directory may contain computer scripts reports term papers notes etc There may eventually be hundreds of files in such a directory Eventually an important file will get lost or over written Following Murphy s lay this will happen on the day before an important exercise or paper is due You can avoid these problems if you set up a new separate directory for each set of exercises term project document or paper that you are producing In the directory for a TAT EX document I would include the main tex file s for the document If there were a small number of graphics files to be included in the document I might also include these here If there were a fair number of such files I would probably include them in a subdirectory of the ATX document directory Don t forge
30. a new paragraph is indicated by a blank line You can also end a paragraph with the par command The command vspace length inserts a vertical space of length length If the command is given in the middle of a paragraph the space is inserted after the end of the current line If it is inserted at the end of a paragraph then the vertical space is inserted before the next paragraph Part of the space that would carry beyond a page break is omitted If you wish to carry the unused part of the space on to the start of the following page use the vspace length Length can be given in any of the units recognised by ATEX See section 16 3 The command hspace length inserts a horizontal space of length at the point at which it occurs That part continuing beyond the end of a line is deleted The nspace optlen continues the space beyond the end of the line onto the next line The command hfill inserts sufficient space so that the following text is right justified The boxed example 4 4 illustrates the use of these space making commands 4 4 Document Text 53 Example 4 4 Horizontal and vertical Spaces The command ends a line and text is continued on the next line par vspace icm Zinserts a vertical space of 1 cm The command hspace lin inserts a 1 inch horizontal gap hfill moves this text to the end of the line The command ends a line and text is continued on the next line The command inserts a 1 inch
31. amp 112 69 amp 0 85510 December 2010 amp 1 3220 amp 110 11 amp 0 84813 January 2011 amp 1 3360 amp 110 38 amp 0 84712 February 2011 amp 1 3649 amp 112 77 amp 0 84676 March 2011 amp 1 3999 amp 114 40 amp 0 86653 April 2011 amp 1 4442 amp 120 42 amp 0 88291 May 2011 amp 1 4349 amp 116 47 amp 0 87788 June 2011 amp 1 4388 amp 115 75 amp 0 88745 July 2011 amp 1 4264 amp 113 26 amp 0 88476 August 2011 amp 1 4343 amp 110 43 amp 0 87668 September 2011 amp 1 3770 amp 105 75 amp 0 87172 October 2011 amp 1 3706 amp 105 06 amp 0 87036 November 2011 amp 1 3556 amp 105 02 amp 0 85740 December 2011 amp 1 3179 amp 102 55 amp 0 84405 January 2012 amp 1 2905 amp 99 33 amp 0 83210 February 2012 amp 1 3224 amp 103 77 amp 0 83696 March 2012 amp 1 3201 amp 108 88 amp 0 83448 110 Tables April 2012 amp 1 3162 amp 107 00 amp 0 82188 May 2012 amp 1 2789 amp 101 97 amp 0 80371 end longtable The output of this code is given in table 6 2 Table 6 2 Monthly Average USD JPY and GBP exchange rates with Euro USD JPY GBP January 2005 1 3119 135 63 0 69867 February 2005 1 3014 136 55 0 68968 March 2005 1 3201 138 83 0 69233 April 2005 1 2938 138 84 0 68293 May 2005 1 2694 135 37 0 68399 June 2005 1 2165 132 22 0 66895 July 2005 1 2037 134 75 0 68756
32. any other University item is entirely my own work and item I agree that the Library may lend or copy the thesis upon request This permission covers only single copies for study purposes subject to 186 Writing your Thesis with PT X normal conditions of acknowledgement end enumerate renewcommand theenumi arabicfenumi vspace 2cm John C Frain vspace 1cm newpage The Summary pagestyle plain 4 thispagestyle empty begin center section Summary end center Type the summary of the paper here newpage ZAcknowledgements 1 32 10 begin center section Acknowledgements end center Type your acknowledgements here newpage tableofcontents listoftables listoffigures mainmatter normalsize pagestyle fancy fancyhead fancyhead LE R0O Section thesection chapter Introduction section Preview This is just a simple example of the layout for a thesis which has been typeset with LaTeX You should consult your University regulations and amend as necessary If your university has an approved LaTeX style you should of course use that section Postscript I hope that this introduction has helped you to produce a well formatted thesis chapter Results from an earlier seminar protect footnotemark footnotetext This Chapter is based on a paper cite Frai07 presented at begin itemize 187 item TCD Graduate Seminar Decemb
33. are examples in the Rats users guide and reference manuals The Rats package contains excellent graphics facilities I would generally save Rats graphs in eps format and use epstopdf to convert to pdf 9 4 6 Stata and PTRX Below is a list of user contributed modules that aid the transfer of Stata output to ATEX Some of these commands may also be useful in preparing a report using a word processor These are not part of a standard Stata distribution If you have administrative rights on your PC you can install these using the Stata findit command dotex Execute commands from a do file creating the log file in ATEX format This can then be copied directly to your ATEX source file See http ideas repec org 9 4 Some Statistical Econometric Packages and ATX 157 c boc bocode s420001 html esttab The stata command estout produces summary tables of estimated regression models esttab can export these tables in various formats including ATRX Note that it is possible to exercise considerable control over the content format number of decimal places etc in such tables See http repec org bocode e estout graph2tex Generates ATRX statements and and a eps file to include in your ATpXfile See http www ats ucla edu stat stata latex graph_stata_latex htm In the pdflatex scheme it will be necessary to convert this eps file to pdf It may be easier to generate the graph save your image as pdf and use the TeXstudio w
34. been able to check 3 7 A simple Example using TeXstudio 37 ix 90 91 7 begin equation label eq rdQ2 92 Prob a le x le b frac 1 sqrt 2 pi sigma gT 93 int limits a b e frac x mu 2 2 sigma 2 rd x 94 95 1U kad b E bas a i 1 pa Ea a Probla lt x lt b a e 207 dr y NO t a Figure 3 3 TeXstudio Preview am sure that this would work better with a touch sensitive screen and a stylus or using a graphics tablet Given the greater availability of touch screens and tablets this or a similar development might become more available and usable 3 7 A simple Example using TeXstudio Figure 3 4 is a copy of figure Start TeXstudio and copy the file in figure 3 4 into the edit window Save the file in a temporary window Click on the Load and View icon and you should get something very similar to figure You can now experiment with this file e g Add your name and affiliation add simple text 38 Installing and using TeXstudio Anything after a on a line is a comment Preamble documentclass article title A first LaTeX document author A N Other Number 1 University thanks Thanks to those who aided me with this document Contents of document begin document maketitle tableofcontents section Introduction This is a basic LaTeX document More text section Development subsection Early Developments Text text text subsection L
35. begin tabular D cdot 1 D cdot 2 D cdot 1 D cdot 0 1 2 1 2 1 28 1 2 1 23 1 23 12 5 300 2 1121 2 1121 2 861 208 674 29 184 1848 108 69 48 48 amp 4 amp amp 4 amp end tabular 12 5 861 20 10 Note that the first column which had a negative decimal places argument is wider than the second column so that the decimal point appears in the middle of the column In the second column the specification sets out the exact number required The last two columns show what can happen when the number of decimals specified is less than the number in the input 8 6 4 array The array package provides extensions to the tabular and array environments Tablel8 1 gives details of the column formatting options that are provided by the package For more details see the manual 8 6 Table Formatting Packages 131 Unchanged options 1 Left adjusted column c Centred adjusted column r Right adjusted column p width Equivalent to parbox t width Suppresses inter column space and inserts decl in idecl t y stead New options Defines a column of width width Every entry will m width be centred in proportion to the rest of the line It is somewhat like parbox width b width Coincides with parbox b width Can be used before an 1 r c p m or a b option gt decl It inserts decl directly in front of the entry of t
36. cater for binding the inner margin might be just larger than the outer Thus we might use usepackage la4paper left 3 5cm right 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry 182 Writing your Thesis with TX American Mathematical Society AMS Packages Load amsmath package which extends maths facilities amsmath also loads amsbsy amsopn amstext ansgen usepackage amsmath usepackage amsthm Produce bold math symbols usepackage bm the mathabx provides additional mathematical symbols characters For lists of symbols provided see http CTAN tex fonts mathabx mathtest pdf If you require the symbols uncomment the next usepackage statement 4 usepackage mathabx This package provides symbol fonts For a manual see http CTAN tex macros latex required psnfss psnfss2e pdf Uncomment if needed 4 usepackage pifont Table Generation Packages Load the longtable package if you have long tables that stretch over more than one page usepackage longtable Facilities for footnotes in tables usepackage threeparttable The package dcolumn aligns columns of a table on a decimal point For details see the manual usepackage dcolumn The array package provides extensions to the tabular environment For more details see the manual usepackage array format table columns see page 244 of LaTeX Companion The caption package allow one to format the caption to a float
37. center on input line 55 ended by end document See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation Type H lt return gt for immediate help 1 169 end document Your command was ignored Messages Log File Errors Preview Type I lt command gt lt return gt to replace it with another command Figure 17 4 Extract from Log File an environment not completed 234 Errors and Warnings In typesetting complicated mathematics you should consider setting it in parts and com piling after each part Sometimes the first error in your document will cause a lot of spurious errors later in the document It may be worthwhile re compiling you document after fixing the first error to see if that clears up some or all of the later errors Some times you may be able to work out that the error comes from a particular part of the document but can not work out what is wrong In such circumstances I comment out the entire area and re compile the document Hopefully this re compile completes without error Then uncomment the commented area bit by bit until the actual source of the error is revealed 17 3 Warnings Warnings are not as serious as errors A warning message generally means that the output has compiled but IATFX thinks that it does not look as well as it should Probably a line of text or a graph has overflowed into the margins or a page is short or long In an ideal world one might fix all warnings For a begin
38. characters and and inclusion of the typeset environment in a frame Nusepackagetfancyvrb Nusepackagetrelsize The cprotect package attempts to do something that is not possible allows you to put verbatim in footnotes section titles in a straightforward way See section e of this note and the cprotect manual usepackage cprotect Colour etc Packages 172 Writing a paper with PT X The xcolor package provides facilities for typesetting in colour usepackage xcolor The tcolorbox package provides an environment for coloured and framed text boxes with a heading line Optionally such a box can be split in an upper and a lower part thus the package may be used for the setting of IST RX examples where one part of the box displays the source code and the other part shows the output This environment is used to set many of the coloured boxed examples in this paper e g figure 1 1 1 9 etc usepackage tcolorbox Package for Hyper references The hyperref package extends the functionality of all the TAT X cross referencing commands including the table of contents bibliographies etc to produce special commands which a driver can turn into hypertext links it also provides new commands to allow the user to write ad hoc hypertext links including those to external documents and URLs usepackage breaklinks pagebackref hyper
39. e Both headers and footers can contain more than one line To accommod ate headers and footers with several lines simple commands are provided to enlarge the part of the page devoted to the header and or footer and these commands can give one amount of space on the first page and a different amount of space on all other pages see section 11 4 e Macros are defined to enable you to state the total number of pages in the exam see section 11 6 and to change the header and or footer that appears on the last page of the exam see section 11 7 Macros are defined so that the headers and footers can vary depending on whether the current page begins a new question or continues a question that started on an earlier page and if one continues onto the current page to say what the number of that question is Macros are also defined so that the headers and footers can vary depending on whether a question is complete on the current page or continues on to the next page and if one continues to say what the number of that question is see section 11 9 e You can have a horizontal rule at the base of the header and or at the top of the footer see section 11 5 e The exam can begin with one or more cover pages which are numbered separately from the main pages of the exam and which can have headers and footers different from the ones in the main pages of the eram see section 12 193 e You can include solutions in your ATEX file and h
40. ensure justification You will also find overfull vbox and underfull vbox messages when a page is to long or to short respectively You should not fix any of these line or page breaking problems until you have the absolutely final version of your document ET X will also give warnings about missing or wrong citations labels references mul tiple defined labels etc The cause of the warning is usually fairly obvious and easily fixed CHAPTER 18 Further Reading 18 1 Introduction In this chapter I give some brief comments on the IATFX literature I shall deal first with the commercial literature and then survey some of the non commercial literature Most of this literature should not be read from cover to cover like a novel Read the introduction contents and extract what you need as you need it Do not be afraid to experiment 18 2 Commercial Publications First I list the more elementary books 2012 ATpXand Friends Springer Computer competent some advanced topics A full review of this book is available on http www tug org books reviews tb102reviews 1txfriends html 2007 More math into LaTeX Springer 238 Further Reading This book is an excellent account of the typesetting of mathematical material in ATRX without neglecting other aspects Part 1 Short Course and Appendix B Math Symbol tables taken from this book can be downloaded from http www ctan org tex archive info examples Math_into
41. file but can not save them with the usual File Save menu You can however use the File Export to menu to save as jpg Moctave can also use other graphics engines 9 5 Other Software and ATEX 159 for other technical domains GVedit is a graphical user interface to the system The dia gram in section was generated using this software The Graphwiz script used to generate that diagram is given below digraph G file tex shape box file pdf shape box file tex gt file dvi label latex exe file dvi gt file ps label dvips exe file ps gt file pdf label ps2pdf exe file tex gt file pdf label pdflatex exe There are some further examples in the dot users guide which after a standard install is available at C Program Files x86 Graphviz 2 28 share graphviz doc pdf dotguide pdf CHAPTER LO Other lAT X Editors TEXworks TEXMaker etc 10 1 Introduction This chapter is an annotated list of IATFX editors or IDEs Integrated Development Environments What is an IDE An IDE is usually associated with a programming language or group of programming languages It is intended to ease the composition of programs by providing an editor to compose the program and providing a way to test find errors correct errors and run the program and view the output A MTFX IDE is an environment or set of tools to aid the the production of a ATEX document It can contain the followi
42. format questions create flexible headers and footers change the margins and create grading tables In more detail e The class will automatically format and number the questions parts of questions sub parts of parts and sub sub parts of sub parts see sections 4 1 and 4 2 e You can include the point value of each question or part or sub part or sub sub part with your choice of having the point values printed at the beginning of the text of the question opposite that in the left margin 192 Setting Exercises and Examination Papers with TX opposite that in the right margin or in the right margin opposite the end of the question see section 4 8 e The class will add up the total points for each question and all of its parts sub parts and sub sub parts and the total points on each page and make those totals available in macros see sections 4 3 9 9 5 and 9 6 e You can have the class print a grading table indexed either by question number or by page number see section 9 1 You specify the header in three parts One part to be left justified one part to be centred and one part to be right justified and one or all of these can be omitted see section 11 2 e The footer is also specified in three parts Left justified centred and right justified see section 11 3 e The header and footer for the first page can be different from the ones used on other pages see sections 11 2 1 11 2 2 11 8 1 and 11 3 2
43. has been written on a MS Windows 7 system Part was written on a Linux PC Ubuntu 13 10 The TFX input files produce identical results on Windows and Linux I do not have access to a PC running an Apple OS but I would be surprised if it did not produce identical results My recommended IATFX interface TeXstudio is available for Windows various Linux distributions Mac OS X experimental FreeBSD and as source code for compilation in other systems 1 3 A Brief History The first edition of Knuth s The Art of Computer programming was published in 1969 and was typeset using a Mono type hot metal type set This process was standard at the time and produced good results When a second edition of the book was produced in 1976 the Mono type hot metal process was no longer available and had been largely replaced by photographic processes Knuth was so dissatisfied with the proofs of the new edition that he decided to set up a high quality digital type setting package known as TEX This was then used to good effect to produce revised versions of the book Development of the T X package was continued until 1989 when version 3 0 was issued Only minor maintenance versions have been issued since then TEX is designed so that it can be readily extended The set of extensions known as TEX was initially issued by Leslie Lamport in 1985 and revised in 1994 Lamport 1994 TEX Tt is interesting to note that this document can also be compiled on Nexus 7
44. in Microsoft Excel 2007 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 52 4570 4578 149 212 Mittelbach F and M Goossens 2004 The LaTeX companion Addison Wesley series on tools and techniques for computer typesetting Addison Wesley 123 138 230 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Oetiker T H Partl I Hyna and E Schlegl 2010 The Not So Short Introduction to ATRX 2 OETIKER PARTNER AG Pakin S 2009 The Comprehensive ATEX Symbol List CTAN Pfaff B 2008 Analysis of Integrated and Cointegrated Time Series with R Second ed Springer 155 Philips L 2012 gnuplot Cookbook Packt Publishing Ltd Tantau T J Wright and V Miletilc 2012 September The BEAMER class User Guide for version 3 22 197 Van Dongen M 2012 LaTeX and Friends X media publishing Series Springer 121 HE Varian H R 1992 Microeconomic Analysis Norton Varian H R 2010 Intermediate Microeconomics A Modern Approach Norton Vinod H D 2008 Hands on Intermediate Econometrics Using R World Scientific 155 Voss Vo H 2010a Typesetting Mathematics with LaTeX UIT Cambridge Ltd 239 Voss Vo H 2010b Typesetting Tables with Latex UIT Cambridge Ltd 102 Voss Vo H 2011 PSTricks Graphics and PostScript for TeX and LaTeX UIT Cambridge Ltd 121 Voss Vo H 2012a Later Quick Reference UIT Cambridge Ltd Voss Vo H 2012b Presentations with LaTeX Which Pa
45. in box above 1 The TFX code preamble is a reduced version of the preamble that might be used in a paper thesis or other similar document Packages that are not relevant to a presentation are simply removed Possible conflicts are documented in section 2 6 of the beamer user manual 2 The theme here is Warsaw Try one of the alternative themes from section 16 of the manual and choose another if you prefer it 202 Using Beamer for Presentations 10 11 12 13 See sections and The basic environment for a beamer presentation is the frame It is probably best at this stage to think of the frame as a slide for the presentation In the first frame I use the ATEX command maketitle to extract from the preamble the details of author affiliation etc and and make a title slide for the presentation The command frametitle adds a title to the frame It is recommended that you add a title to each frame I have three sections in this presentation e Introduction e Bubbles e Analysis The tableofcontents Produces a list of sections and subsections that serve as an initial summary of the talk Choose your section and subsection titles well and you will get a summary that will grab the attention of your audience Note the use of the subsection The block environment allows one to highlight parts of a frame See top slide on page which contains two blocks Many frames and blocks will contai
46. in the pdf that I admire and would like to use in my own document it is then easy to see exactly how the effect was achieved 10 4 Emacs AucTeX The first operational version of Emacs was available in 197 The current version of the program 24 3 is basically a text editor with various add ons that set up modes which allow it to work as an IDE for various programs e g AucTeX for TFX ESS for statistical packages Octave mode for Octave etc The power and flexibility of Emacs should not be underestimated However this power and flexibility do not come free Emacs is difficult Unless you already use it for some other purpose I would not recommend that you adopt it A specially augmented installation Windows Mac Emacs installation program can be downloaded from http vgoulet act ulaval ca en emacs 10 5 TeXnicCenter TeXnicCenter is popular in various circles I have only briefly looked at it and have never really used it to any great extent If the other ATX users in your Department use it and they are willing to provide help and assistance if you run into trouble then consider using it TeXnicCenter is available from http www texniccenter org 10 6 WinEdt WinEdt is shareware You can download it for a trial period of 31 days After this period you are required to purchase a license WinEdt can be downloaded from waw winedt com I was a regular user of WinEdt 5 for many years When WinEdt 5 was updated to versi
47. installs a complete system https www tug org texlive acquire iso html This DVD is updated each year e The DVD may be purchased from the TeX Users Group If you subscribe to the TeX Users Group you will receive a copy of the DVD each year that you subscribe The TeX Live DVD contains several installation programs which allow various levels of customisation of the install A TeX Live installation can be updated using the tlmgr program which will have been installed during the install process Full instructions on the installation and maintenance of TeX Live are given in the texlive doc directory of the DVD and at https www tug org texlive doc html 2 5 Installing BTFX on other Operating systems 2 5 1 Linux Most Linux distributions will have a TeX Live package in their package depositories You can use the appropriate package management software to install the distribution On some occasions this package may be rather old In these circumstances you can download the TeX Live installation material described in section The DVD con tains installation scripts for a variety of operating systems If you install this TeX Live distribution you will have access to the tlmgr management and maintenance program As far as I know tlmgr is not available in any of the packages available in the Linux depositories Some persons may be concerned that installing IAT X in this way may cause problems 2 5 Installing ATEX on other Operating systems
48. line second Verbatim line first Verbatim line second Verbatim line 144 Other Useful Packages 1 Conditionally process text Further details of these and other facilities are given in the fancyvrb manual 8 11 2 cprotect The cprotect package is an alternative way to to put verbatim text in footnotes section titles etc 8 12 xcolor package The xcolor package provides facilities for typesetting in colour For details see the xcolor manual 8 13 tcolorbox The tcolorbox package provides an environment for coloured and framed text boxes with a heading line Optionally such a box can be split in an upper and a lower part In this book I use this package to set the examples 8 6 to above The TFX source code in the upper and the corresponding output in the lower This environment is used to set many of the coloured boxes in this paper 8 14 hyperref The hyperref package extends the functionality of all the ATEX cross referencing com mands including those relevant to the table of contents bibliographies etc to produce internal commands which can be turned into hypertext links It also provides new com mands to allow the user to write hypertext links including those to external documents and URLs As the package amends many MIX commands it should be the last pack age loaded in the preamble In this document the package is the last one loaded in the preamble as follows usepackage breaklinks pa
49. links to be spread over two lines the part on each line acting as a link 3 The pagebackref adds pages numbers to the bibliography which are hyperlinks to the page containing the citations PhD Title etc Define the title and author variables The is a new line instruction 185 the thanks inserts a footnote in the title page title Studies on the Application of the alpha stable Distribution in Economics author date normalsize by MM vspace 0 8cm large John C Frain vspace 0 8cm Submitted to the Department of Economics in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of vspace 0 8cm Doctor of Philosophy vspace 0 8cm at the vspace 0 8cm University of Dublin vspace 0 8cm 2009 Text of Document follows in next box Skeleton document part of a thesis Text of Document follows begin document frontmatter The maketitle instruction inserts the title using the title author and date variables defined in the preamble maketitle The declaration on a single page pagestyle plain 4 thispagestyle empty begin center section Declaration end center I declare that this thesis submitted to the University of Dublin Trinity College for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy renewcommand theenumi alphfenumi begin enumerate item has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or
50. list of all sources used must be included in the thesis The titles of journals preferably should not be abbreviated if they are abbreviations must comply with an internationally recognised system the format may vary ac cording to the precedents and customs of the subject area graduate students should consult with their Supervisor as to appropriate presentation 1 32 12 Abstract One copy of an abstract printed on a single sheet of A4 179 paper must be submitted loose with each copy of the soft bound thesis The abstract must contain the title of the thesis and the author s full names as a heading and may be single spaced Two copies of an abstract must be submitted loose with the final hard bound copy 1 32 13 Submission Two copies of the thesis which may not be returned and which for the first submission must be soft bound and printed on one side of the page only should be presented at the Graduate Studies Office accompanied by two loose copies of the abstract My basic aim is to augment the TFX article skeleton in chapter to satisfy these requirements It should be easy to accommodate the requirements of other universities or to adapt the skeleton to produce a book In the listing below there is a brief description of the purpose of each package included More details of the packages are given in Chapter 8 and in the manuals for the packages The main options that you should consider are 1 In the documentc
51. management system on the PC with the package repository After this you may find that a TXT X run reports a missing etex sty You can fix this by installing the package miktex etex base 2 9 and again synchronize with the repositories See http tex stackexchange com questions 96778 a miktex update removed amsmath as obsolete can i use another package or get i 8 6 Table Formatting Packages 129 8 6 Table Formatting Packages 8 6 1 longtable The longtable package allows long tables that stretch over more than one page Some details of this package have been given in section 6 5 8 6 2 threeparttable The threeparttable package provides extra facilities for the setting of titles and foot notes in tables Its use in setting footnotes is described in section 6 4 8 6 3 dcolumn The dcolumn package defines a system for columns of entries in an array or tabular which are to be aligned on a decimal point In particular it provides a new column specifier for the tabular and array environments The format of this new specifier is D input decimal symbol Houtput decimal symbol ino decimals where e input decimal symbol is the decimal symbol used in input usually or e output decimal symbol is the decimal symbol used in output In example 8 1 a is specified e no decimals is the maximum number of decimals to be allowed in setting the table 130 Other Useful Packages Example 8 1 Example of use of dcolumn
52. me a need for a second look The third edition had its stimulus the Japanese crash of 1990 That was some time ago A fourth edition is perhaps not needed by readers but only as occupational therapy for the writer The push comes partly from the Mexican crisis of 1994 95 but more especially from the East Asian difficulties of 1997 98 which are not far behind us dots emph citet Kind00 end quotation The first edition of this book published in 1978 dealt with financial crises that were for the most part before World War II Black Monday October 19 1987 along with more research on earlier troubles indicated at least to me a need for a second look The third edition had its stimulus the Japanese crash of 1990 That was some time ago A fourth edition is perhaps not needed by readers but only as occupational therapy for the writer The push comes partly from the Mexican crisis of 1994 95 but more especially from the East Asian difficulties of 1997 98 which are not far behind us Kindleberger 2000 There is also a verse environment to quote poetry 64 Basic ATRX Syntax 4 5 8 Verbatim Text As I have emphasised one of the main advantages of IAT FX is that it is possible to just enter your text unformatted and then leave it to ATEX to do the formatting On occasion you may wish to enter some text and have TX reproduce the text exactly as typed e g a computer program This is the purpose o
53. only It is expected that the hard bound copy of a thesis will be printed on both sides of the page on paper of a weight of at least 90 gsm A copy of the hard bound thesis will be lodged in the Library following approval by Council Colour photocopies and scanned images may be used in the copy of the thesis deposited in the Library 1 32 8 Declaration The thesis must contain immediately after the title page a signed declaration that a it has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other University b it is entirely the candidate s own work in the case of a thesis for which the work has been carried out jointly there must be a statement that it includes the unpublished and or published work of others duly acknow ledged in the text wherever included and c the candidate agrees that the Library may lend or copy the thesis upon request This permission covers only single copies made for study pur poses subject to normal conditions of acknowledgement See below for withheld access a stay for such permission 1 32 9 Summary A succinct summary of the methods used and the major findings of the thesis must be bound into each copy of the thesis following the declaration page It must not exceed two pages of typescript 1 32 10 Acknowledgements A formal statement of acknowledgements must be included in the thesis 1 32 11 References Systematic and complete reference to sources used and a Classified
54. pi sigma int_fa b e7 frac x mu 2 2 sigma 2 rd x end equation or with the limits to the right of the integral sign 1 OT oe Prob a lt x lt b ane E 202 du TO Ja 5 4 Sums and Products The box below shows the use of the sum sum limits_ min max and product prod limits_ min max functions The limits part may be omitted or replaced by a nolimits part as in the box In displayed Math if the limits part is included or omit ted the limits are set on top of the sum or product sign If the nolimits part is included the limits are set to the right of the signs In most cases the simpler version without the limits is sufficient Advanced users may use the options on the usepackage amsmath to change the default 82 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 8 Sums and products begin fequation bar x sum limits_1 n x_i sum_17n x_i text arithmetic mean end equation begin fequation bar x sqrt n prod limits_17n x_i sqrt n prod_1 n x_i text geometric mean end equation 5 4 1 The overset function The overset function overset superscript argument is a function that I have found useful to produce some special effects For example overset prob longrightarrow produces Os which may be used to indicate convergence in distribution You may find it useful in various circumstances 5 4 2 Multiplication Sign A multiplication sign is generat
55. place in the pdf file or opens the pdf file at that point If you are reading the pdf file the corresponding action in the pdf file returns you to the ATFX file at the selected word In either file clicking the right mouse button gives a context menu which allows the same transfer 3 1 TeXstudio e TeXstudio provides menu items that process the TX file and produce the re quired output in pdf format in our case Many of the more complicated aspects of this process are handled automatically by TeXstudio For example if a biblio graphic database has been amended since the last run it will know that it has to rerun and will rerun the generation of the bibliography e TeXstudio provides help to locate and navigate to errors if these occur e There is a row of icons below the menu bar These icons give quick access to several features of TeXstudio and IAT X If you hover the mouse over these icons their function is displayed In the default set up in TeXstudio TeXstudio 2 7 1 hg 4491 c8f436e2da6d development version these icons are set in 7 groups or tool bars 1 File management New Open Save and Close 2 Edit Undo Redo Copy Cut Past 3 BTEX Tools a Build and View This item runs the pdflatex bibtex etc programs as required and by default opens a view of the document in the internal TeXstudio pdf viewer This may be configured as required but the default is probably sufficient for the beginner SG Compile
56. reference The problem here is of a similar nature During the first IATFX run the information necessary to resolve these problems is written to various helper files These helper files are then read in conjunction with the original IATFX file during a subsequent 4TfXrun In this example TEX is processing the material before passing it to the helper file and in the procesd passing code to the helper file which generates errors when the helper files are read on the second IATRX Recall that TeXstudio will run MTFXmore than once if there are unresolved references tables of contents etc to be generated 70 Basic ATEX Syntax run TEX commands which may generate this kind of error are said to be fragile Other commands are robust The commands footnotemark and footnotetext are fragile The command protect can be used to delay any processing before the material is written to the helper file The next box shows the use of the protect command to remove the errors in the current example It would be good practice in this case to use the optional Shorter section title see section on page section Section Heading protect footnotemark protect footnotetext Some text The following more detailed explanation is taken from the UK List of TpX Frequently Asked Questions on the Web http www tex ac uk cgi bin texfaq2html label protect Sometimes LaTeX saves data it will reread later These data are often th
57. short cuts are available in the default set up These are itemised in the drop down menus in the menu bar It is also possible to configure your own short cut menus 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 l 336 337 ss Ol ic textco textcolor H textcolor H textcolor H H textcolor HK H textcompwordmark textcopyleft those learning LaTex hich la is given in the LaTex R typical most used all Help menu Other LaTex Figure 4 2 Auto Completion in TeXstudio e TeXstudio Wizards provide a easy way to enter some of the more complex structures such as tables arrays graphics etc To illustrate the IATFX help system available in TeXstudio the help for the section command is given in the box below part section subsection subsubsection paragraph subparagraph Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units chapter report and book class only All sectioning commands take the same general form e g chapter toctitle title 4 4 Document Text 57 In addition to providing the heading title in the main text the section title can appear in two other places The table of contents The running head at the top of the page You may not want the same text in these places as in the main text To handle this the sectioning commands have an optional argument toctitle that when given specifies the text for these other pla
58. sin and lim amsbsy For backward compatibility this package continues to exist but use of the newer bm package that comes with TEX is recommended instead amscd Provides a CD environment for simple commutative diagrams no support for diagonal arrows amsxtra Provides certain odds and ends such as fracwithdelims and accentedsymbol for compatibility with documents created using version 1 1 The amsmath package incorporates amstext amsopn and amsbsy The features of amscd and amsxtra however are available only by invoking those packages separately These later two packages will not be needed by the majority of readers of this book I would also recommend including the package amssymb which provides extra mathematical symbols see ftp ftp ams org pub tex doc amsmath short math guide pdf To summarise in all my documents I include three packages as follows usepackage amsmath usepackage amssymb usepackage bm After a recent update to MiKTeX 2 9 IATFX runs started to report that amsmath sty was not found and MikTeX did not try to install the missing package The problem was apparently due to a repack aging of the AMS packages which the Mik TeX package management system could not handle The work around is to re install the amsmath and ams latex packages using the MiKTeX package management system Once the packages are re installed use repositories synchronize to synchronise the Mik TeX package
59. templates for various types of seminar There is some introductory material on beamer in Goossens et al 2008 and 2012 Voss Vofs 2012b is devoted to presentations in TAT X e Perhaps I am a little unfair to the market leading presentation program as I have not used it for many years In my opinion beamer a far superior presentation product in an academic context The ease of preparing presentations and the quality of the product are added advantages of learning ATFX 14 2 Installing beamer If you have installed the full version of TeX Live or MiK T X beamer is already installed If you installed a minimum version of T X you need to check that the three packages References to the beamer user guide are to that for version 3 20 Tantau et al 2012 198 Using Beamer for Presentations beamer pgf and xcolor are installed Install them if they are not installed For TEX Live use the T X Live Manager tlmgr to install these packages For MiKT X use the MiK T X Package Manager Admin For further details see the beamer manual and subsection 2 3 of this note 14 3 The Presentation Beamer is called by setting the documentclass to beamer as in the box below This is followed by the usetheme command which specifies the entire layout of the presentation The themes are named after cities Sections 15 2 to 15 6 of the beamer user guide describe 29 such themes The theme used to produce figure was Warsaw It is pos
60. that a pdf image contains large large white borders There are many ways to remove these borders The bris program available from http sourceforge net projects briss is one such program 1 Start the bris program A narrow strip is displayed 2 Load the pdf file to be trimmed The image is displayed with a proposed trimming area 3 You may change the proposed trim by moving the top left and bottom right corners of the trim area You may move the trimmed area by dragging any other part of the trim area 7 4 Producing Images with TX Alternatively it is possible to produce a wide variety of publication quality graphics using ATFX and various IAT X packages However this methodology does involve a lot 7 4 Producing Images with BTRX 121 of extra work and might be left till one has mastered other aspects of ATRX The ATRX Graphics Companion Goossens et al 2008 contains considerable details on native LTEX graphics as well as a good coverage on importing graphics material generated by other software Voss Vof 2011 is a 900 page book on Graphics and Postscript for TEX and TFX 2012 contains an introduction to these methods CHAPTER Other Useful Packages 8 1 Introduction This chapter gives a brief account of the purpose and use of the ATFX packages that I have found useful In a document of this size one must be very selective The ATX Companion Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 cover
61. third column select a command and press the arrow to move it to the tool bar For example I have used a typewriter font in many places and I found it convenient to have a texttt command in the central menu The order of a command in a tool bar may be changed by dragging it with the mouse to the required place in the list in the second column Most users will not require to change any of these tool bars They will find that the existing tool bars menu items and character icons provide the required access to AXTRX Item 3 a Build and View is often all that is needed to compile a ATEX document As mentioned earlier it is best to install your ATX system before you install TeXstu dio TeXstudio is available for and runs in many computer platforms including MS Windows Linux and Apple OS TeXstudio was started in 2009 as a fork of TeXmaker It is some times criticised as being too cluttered I feel that a lot of this clutter is of considerable help to a beginner If you want a more simple interface try TeXworks see section which is simpler but does not offer the same help to a beginner 3 2 Installation 3 2 1 MS Windows Download the Windows installation program from http texstudio sourceforge save on your computer and double click on the saved program and follow the instructions Unless you have some particular requirements you can accept the installa tion defaults 3 3 Configuring and Using TeXstudio 33 3 2 2 Linux
62. to these facilities are set out in the natbib documentation 3 Having cited various references in the course of the document we now need to generate the bibliography The first thing to be done is to specify a style for the bibliography This is done using the bibliographystylestyle command The style used here is chicago which produces the type of author date bibliography used by many journals and working paper series in economics and the social sci ences 15 1 Introduction 215 bibliographystyle chicago Many journals have their own bibliography style To use such a style it may be just a simple matter of replacing natbib in the following command by the specified journal style 4 All that remains is to specify the files containing the BibT X data bases If you are starting you may have only one database file In my case I have a collections of bib liography files each of which is restricted to one area of my work The specification is done with the bibliography command bibliography c home bibliographies statistics 4 home bibliographies bubble home bibliographies computing home bibliographies econometric_books home bibliographies finance home bibliographies stable home bibliographies historical home bibliographies stochastics home bibliographies economics Figure 15 2 shows how easy it is to switch to the style specified by the American Eco nomic Review Simply del
63. 0x450 colour coded pixels If you wish to reproduce this at another resolution pixels need to be added or taken away and 118 Graphics there may be a loss of quality in the image If the picture is magnified this may cause considerable roughness at the edges of various shapes in the image Bit mapped images are more suitable for photographs or screen dumps Vector images are more suitable for the types of data graphs that are produced by statistical econometric analysis Most figures are included in a figure floating environment which I describe in the next section In section 7 3 1 use the includegraphics command to include the image in this environment 7 2 The figure and figure Environments The figure environment is the second of the floating environment considered in subsec tion It is used to set figures The basic code for a figure environment is similar to that for the table and is given in the box below begin figure placement preferences actual figure includegraphics command and options caption Figure Title label key end figure The placement preferences are the same as those set out in subsection 6 1 for the table environment 7 3 The graphicx package and includegraphics command The graphicx package is loaded in the preamble usepackage graphicx 7 3 The graphicx package and includegraphics command 119 It adds the command usegraphicx options filename which spe
64. 1 2009 09 03 2010 12 20 amslatex Formats LaTex Basic LaTeX 2647882 2009 07 13 2010 12 20 amsrefs Formats LaTeX LaTex contrib 2567900 2010 08 30 2010 12 20 amstex Appiications Math 637615 2011 06 23 2011 07 30 analogclock Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 96615 2008 12 23 2010 12 20 animate Formats LaTex LaTeX contrib 3520693 2011 12 23 2011 12 27 annot pro Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 2150997 2010 09 27 2010 12 20 anonchap Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 194235 2010 02 22 2010 12 20 answers Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 243845 2010 10 16 2010 12 20 antiqua Fonts Outiine fonts 144656 2004 08 15 2010 12 20 antp Language SupportiPolish 331029 2001 05 31 2010 12 20 antyktor Language Support Polsh 23628904 2006 09 13 2010 12 20 anufinalexam Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 5241 2010 12 13 2010 12 20 anyfontsize Formats LaTeX LaTeXx contrib 4412 2007 12 09 2010 12 20 anysize AFormatslLaTeXlLaTeX contrib 10474 2001 11 28 2010 12 20 Add alphabetical headers into citations Multiple choice questionnaires in two colun A Classical Arabic typeface Naskh style Support for American Chemical Society jot TeX fonts from the American Mathematica Miscellaneous LaTeX enhancements A LaTeX based replacement for BibTeX American Mathematical Society plain Tex n An analog ticking clock package for PDF o Create PDF animations from graphics files Create text stamp and file attachment an Make chapters be typeset like sections Setting questions or exercises and answe
65. 1 3898 113 67 0 87638 November 2010 1 3661 112 69 0 85510 December 2010 1 3220 110 11 0 84813 January 2011 1 3360 110 38 0 84712 February 2011 1 3649 112 77 0 84676 March 2011 1 3999 114 40 0 86653 April 2011 1 4442 120 42 0 88291 May 2011 1 4349 116 47 0 87788 June 2011 1 4388 115 75 0 88745 July 2011 1 4264 113 26 0 88476 August 2011 1 4343 110 43 0 87668 September 2011 1 8770 105 75 0 87172 October 2011 1 3706 105 06 0 87036 November 2011 1 3556 105 02 0 85740 December 2011 1 3179 102 55 0 84405 January 2012 1 2905 99 33 0 83210 February 2012 1 3224 103 77 0 83696 March 2012 1 3201 108 88 0 83448 April 2012 1 3162 107 00 0 82188 May 2012 1 2789 101 97 0 80371 End of Table 6 6 Landscape Tables 113 6 6 Landscape Tables Occasionally one will have a table that is to wide to fit on a portrait page but would fit on a landscape page The rotating package allows one to rotate floats The manual on my recommended default is at C MikKTeX 2 9 doc latex rotating rotating pdf Table 6 3 is taken from the file examples tex in the same directory as the manual The code to produce the table is given below I have reproduced the input code in land scape mode using the package 1scape which introduces the landscape environment The landscape environment allows one to change some text in a portrait format document to landscape The ls
66. 3 Econometrics 94 Book Hendry Econometrics Alchemy or Science 95 Book Hendry Dynamic Econometrics 96 Book Hill etal Principles of Econometrics _ University Press k i Hayashi a rara O State we Gave lA Figure 15 1 Example of Jabref entry The Jabref program is available from http jabref sourceforge net Installation instructions for Windows and several other operating systems are given in the document ation tab on that site http jabref sourceforge net documentation php Jabref is a java program and if a java runtime is not already installed on your PC you will have to download and install one The Jabref documentation also explains how to do this 212 Managing your References Figure shows how the 2000 entry was entered into the data base You can add a new entry to a BibTFX database using the menu item BibTeX New Entry or Cnrl n You will then be presented with a dialogue asking you to specify the entry type In this case Book is selected and we may make the appropriate entries as shown in the figure In making your entry there are a few rules that should be followed The general idea is that capitalization and punctuation in your citations and bibliography are best left to IATRX and BibTeX The capitalisation of the title depends on the bibliographic style in use Usually Book titles are capitalised while article titles are not Unless you are required to follow a house st
67. 4 2 Gretl and PT X Introduction gretl is an open source statistical package mainly for econometrics The name is an ac ronym for Gnu Regression Econometrics and Time series Library It can be downloaded from http gret1 sourceforge net It has a graphical user interface GUI and can be used together with X 12 ARIMA TRAMO SEATS R Octave Jmulti and Ox As a complement to the GUI it also has a command line interface CLI Work done in the GUI can be recorded in the CLI These recorded commands can be saved retrieved and edited if necessary and rerun with amendments as necessary It can import plain text files comma separated or CSV being the most common type Spreadsheet files MS Excel Gnumeric and Open Document ODS Stata data files dta SPSS data files sav SAS xport files xpt Eviews workfiles wfl JMulTi data files It can import data from various databases e g Rats 4 PCGive and offers ODBC connectivity It can export to GNU Octave R Comma Separated Values JMulTi and PcGive file formats It is very easy to use supports most current econometric routines and new or advanced procedures can be scripted in the CLI For our purposes model estimation results and other tabular material can be formatted and output as ATEX code for incorporation in a ATX document Gretl uses gnuplot to produce graphs These graphs can be saved in pdf and a variety of other formats The interface to gnuplot itse
68. 79 September 2008 amp 1 4370 amp 153 20 amp 0 79924 October 2008 amp 1 3322 amp 133 53 amp 0 78668 November 2008 amp 1 2732 amp 123 28 amp 0 83063 December 2008 amp 1 3449 amp 122 51 amp 0 90448 January 2009 amp 1 3239 amp 119 73 amp 0 91819 February 2009 amp 1 2785 amp 118 30 amp 0 88691 March 2009 amp 1 3050 amp 127 65 amp 0 91966 April 2009 amp 1 3190 amp 130 25 amp 0 89756 May 2009 amp 1 3650 amp 131 85 amp 0 88445 June 2009 amp 1 4016 amp 135 39 amp 0 85670 July 2009 amp 1 4088 amp 133 09 amp 0 86092 August 2009 amp 1 4268 amp 135 31 amp 0 86265 September 2009 amp 1 4562 amp 133 14 amp 0 89135 October 2009 amp 1 4816 amp 133 91 amp 0 91557 November 2009 amp 1 4914 amp 132 97 amp 0 89892 December 2009 amp 1 4614 amp 131 21 amp 0 89972 January 2010 amp 1 4272 amp 130 34 amp 0 88305 February 2010 amp 1 3686 amp 123 46 amp 0 87604 March 2010 amp 1 3569 amp 123 03 amp 0 90160 April 2010 amp 1 3406 amp 125 33 amp 0 87456 May 2010 amp 1 2565 amp 115 83 amp 0 85714 June 2010 amp 1 2209 amp 110 99 amp 0 82771 July 2010 amp 1 2770 amp 111 73 amp 0 83566 August 2010 amp 1 2894 amp 110 04 amp 0 82363 September 2010 amp 1 3067 amp 110 26 amp 0 83987 October 2010 amp 1 3898 amp 113 67 amp 0 87638 November 2010 amp 1 3661
69. 8 Dro FEACHONS 2 a aa a eh ee ee 78 5 3 2 Text in Display Math 00048 79 ogee bene a eee rd weed a E 79 534 POWETS ue be ee baw ee Ee ee ee ek Se ee aS 79 58 9 ROOMS 4 4 4 oi A Re Aw eS ae ees 80 5 3 6 Integrals 2 2 4 4 25 bee eee ee eee hee ee ee 80 5 4 Sums and Products aaa a 81 5 4 1 The overset function aoaaa a ee 82 A ae Gla ede oS a eS a a e ee ge ee t 82 5 4 3 Accents in Mathematics 2 0 0 0 2 000002 eee 82 5 4 4 Brackets and delimiters 2 0 0 2 ee ee ee 83 5 4 5 Bold fonts in Mathematics 2 a 84 4 6 Matrices 43 2 Eh ae ee ER a eee ER hee BO 85 0 4 7 Function Names e 86 5 0 Other Mathematical Environments 0 a 0005 87 55A Introduction sens ais a A A a OG 87 5 5 2 The split Environmentl e 87 5 5 3 The multiline and multiline Environments 87 a pa 89 eee ee ee eee 89 E 91 eee heat Rees 93 pene bays 93 5 5 9 The cases Construction 0 0 0 000002 2 a 96 5 5 10 The intertext command 0 0004 96 6 Tables 99 6 1 Floating Environments e 99 6 2 The table and table Environmentsi 100 6 3 The tabular and tabular Environmentsi 103 6 4 Footnotes in Tables ee ee 105 E A e A Bec oe ee eee Ee Bee oe A y 106 De ee See A ES Go Res ee ee ec ee Gate ee ere 113 117 ALEA A Be ew a E 117 ines a So 118
70. Applied LATEX for Economists Social Scientists and Others John C Frain TEP Working Paper No 0214 July 2014 Trinity Economics Papers Department of Economics Trinity College Dublin Applied BT EX for Economists Social Scientists and Others John C Frain Economics Department Trinity College Dublin t 16th June 2014 This is an early draft of a book Suggestions comments are welcome and may be sent to frainj tcd ie 11 Preface LATEX or some other TEX based system is usually the first choice of many mathematicians physicists chemists and other scientists when they come to produce papers and other technical publications Such documents often need facilities specific to their subject which may not be available in other software A IATEX system is more likely to provides these facilities It produces output that looks well in print and on screen It is not as well known that documents which do not require a lot of these special facilities can also benefit from the use of ATEX even if they contain little or no mathematics In addition such documents require a knowledge of only a small part of a ATEX system I have used ATEX for more than twenty years and I have typeset many documents with it Many of these documents related to econometric statistical and other quantitative analysis in economics I have benefited greatly from the use of TX Many colleagues that I have introduced to TFX are of a similar opinion
71. BRA Oe Ee Oe ee es 3 4 Synchronizing TeX input file and pdf output 22 geode Ge ob eo ee ww ee eo wee pois aneaweneen te Sete Gees Ge ee oe eee 4 1 Some Preliminaries 2 2 a dia Bd Sey eee wee ee A A ee LHe he oe ee ee foe ea ee 4 2 2 Comments o ooa aly wa gi as aa a Be 4 3 1 _ documentclass Command a 4 3 2 usepackage statement ooa a a 4 3 3 Title and Author Details 2 ee ee poe RMA Aw A ea ee a ai 44 Document lest e seske ren Etrekarg 4 4 1 begin document and end document commands EA ORDERS E a a a ew dk ee ge ot Beeb A E bode wes oe ve Fe BS Rog Ee es oe oh eB ee a aes E ase eee ane Sate 4 4 6 Environments s eas s esa a aa e a a a e 4 5 Text Enhancements ooa a a a a ADE Font size secerek ten we we a a e 4 5 2 Bold italic underlined etc fonts y ode eo pog edin d e Bow we eB SoG ee Ent dol Eoymboll x ss 4 4 ts whew Rite eb eek oo ee ue Ge 4 5 5 Dashes and Dots oaa aaa e 4 5 6 Line and Page Breaking 0008 4 5 7 Quotation Marks and Quoted Text vill 4 5 8 Verbatim Text gt o ssaa cp 000 000 0000000 kae Ee 64 4 59 StS y se ee ee Pe ee er eee ee 67 45 10 BOXES se ase ode e a tee Pe ee wey a e ee aaa 68 4 5 11 Fragile Robust Commands and the protect command 69 73 5 1 In line Mathematics 2 2 2 ee 74 png Bagge eh Bag wae woe 4 ED ss 75 bee ae a ee oe cat BEd 7
72. EX document it is possible that the copied material may contain some of these special characters and you will have to replace them by the substitutes in Table 4 4 3 Spaces Characters The space character and the ENTER key have a special meaning in a ATEX file e You can separate the words in your document by any number of white spaces and these will be regarded as one by ATEX For the purpose of separating words an individual ENTER key is the same as a space key Two or more such space characters are the same as one We shall learn about these special meanings as we progress 4 4 Document Text 49 Character Produced by A amp amp textasciitilde Xx 2 textasciicircum AE textbackslash Table 4 1 Special Characters e You end a paragraph with two consecutive ENTER keys This will leave a blank line in your input file Equivalently one is often instructed to end a paragraph with a blank line Spacing in printed material is sometimes a matter of taste and partly a matter of type setting practice Occasionally ATX produces spacing that one might think could be improved Table gives details of the commands that can adjust spacing In general one should minimise the use of these commands Command Produces Inserts an inter word space so that the line can not be broken between the two words Inserts a ver
73. EX help system Various commands are available by clicking on the icons on the button and icon bars The LaTeX item in the menu provides access to many commands TeXstudio provides auto completion of many commands For example the ATRxX command to produce a copyright sign is textcopyright In TeXstudio you get this by clicking on the appropriate button in the list of miscellaneous text symbols But if you type textc you will be presented with a drop down window displaying all ATEX commands that start with textc and there are many To restrict the choice continue typing textco and the drop down window will look like that in figure 4 2 Use the cursor keys or mouse to select textcopyright and press enter or double click on it and it will be transferred to your document The box also contains an template for the options for the command which also transfer to the 56 Basic ATRX Syntax document If you hover the mouse over some BTFX commands a box is displayed which gives summary help for the command These facilities are also available for some environments If you start to type begin it you will be presenIted with a drop down which includes the itemize environment If you select this both the begin and end statements for the itemize environment will be transferred to your document leaving you to enter the contents of the environment There is a convenient keyboard short cut for item Ctrl Shift i Many other keyboard
74. EX program latex exe acts on the tex file to pro duce a dvi file Note that in the example in the box there is a report LaTeX Warning Label s may have changed Rerun to get cross references right This is explained in footnote 6 latex is then run a second time to resolve the unresolved references The dvi device independent file is very similar in purpose to a modern pdf file in that it contains all the information necessary to produce the same final output regardless of the output device used Most TEX distributions come with a dvi viewer and this was often used to view the dvi file and check the progress of the work The dvips exe program transforms the dvi file to postscript format ps ps2pdf exe then transforms the ps file to pdf format This book has been produced using the pdflatex exe process At first sight one might ask why one would ever use the traditional approach The choice of approach often depends on the format of the graphics files inserted in the document However pdflatex supports only graphics files in pdf png and jpg formats Files in other formats must be transformed to one of these formats before being included in a ATEX document which is to be processed by pdf latex exe The right hand side process only includes graphics in eps or ps formats If your econometric software produces graphics in eps then this approach may be preferable Some advanced users may also embed postscript in t
75. GS ALIYeIq p part 8x 8gTx peddoayg wego we VIES O E86 1 wo amp eT OF 06 OL8T p 104e 7 Od 08 0661 49X 8px 9Gd N sudors wog 0 WET 296 9UOJSIQUIUILH IZX 7x PZd N 3urdols TTO w00 T 282 Od 00T FOSTZ uoq zx 8x 9px Td N Sudos wgT o w60 E P82 SIEM peAaoorr souogd 199 UB ic soe Y PIO yO 9U0 S punuy mg A19II04 oyoig d q ypeolg yu 4x900 6 6 Landscape Tables CHAPTER Graphics 7 1 Graphics Formats This chapter deals with the incorporation of graphic material e g graphs diagrams photos in ATEX documents In chapter 9 1 shall give some details on using statistical e conometric and other software to produce these graphics First a word about graphics formats Basically these are of two kinds Vector Graphics A file in vector graphics format consists of a series of instruction to draw the lines curves etc The main advantages of vector graphics is that a file containing a diagram or graph will scale well scale well i e there will be no loss of quality when the graph is enlarged or reduced in size Bit mapped Graphics Bit mapped graphics are a collection of dots with each dot having a colour code attached This is the format used on your computer screen and in digital photographs These files can be very large Your software will produce a bit mapped image at a particular resolution Thus a resolution of 300x450 pixels means that the image consists of a grid of 30
76. If we discover at a later stage that the text should have been World Bank we can simply change the definition of IMF to newcommand IMF textcopyright World Bank and reproduce the document If the new command being defined already exists you will get and error If you do wish to change the command you should use the renewcommand command which has syntax similar to the newcommand command Suppose that in the first portion of the document we wished to refer to the International Monetary Fund while in the second World Bank then we would proceed as in the example below 16 2 Simple Function with no Arguments 225 TEX Input textbf LaTeX Output newcommand IMF textcopyright International Monetary Fund IMF Some text renewcommand IMF textcopyright World Bank IMF More Text TREX Output C International Monetary Fund Some text wWorld Bank More Text As mentioned on page standard practice in typing a derivative is to use an upright d rather than the slanted d that is produced as standard in math mode in T X I have done this in this book by defining a new command rd as in the following example The ensuremath part of the definition ensures that the command can be used in both text mode and math mode If use in text mode ensuremath adds s to the front and back of the expression If used in math mode the s are not required and are not inserted The command mathrm converts whatev
77. TRX 2 Writing your Thesis with AT X a 3 Setting Exercises and Examination Papers with ATEX 14 Using Beamer for Presentations 14 1 Introduction to Beamer a oe dosh Gee re A ey eye Oe e dl Po eee dr a fee ee AA he ee a pie Be ee ee ya ah a Gee eed ee ee ee a ae Se 15 Managing your References 15 1 Introduction 15 1 1 Compiling your BibTeX data base using Jabref 15 1 2 Citations using the natbib package and the BibTfX data base 15 1 8 Running BIDTEX e 15 1 4 Hyper references in your bibliography 15 1 5 The biblatex package o o e eo 15 1 6 Bibliographies without a BibTFX data base 16 Some Simple User Defined Functions 16 1 Introduction 16 2 Simple Function with no Arguments e 16 3 Lengths 17 Errors and Warnings 17 1 Introduction xii 161 161 163 163 164 164 164 165 165 167 177 191 195 195 197 198 204 209 209 210 214 216 217 218 218 223 223 223 228 229 112 ETS eiii ia RRR RRR MAREE a TES Warnings toes ol e pros e b Gok e a A a be we EES 18 Further Reading SE OE a a A ee BS ine Se A 18 2 Commercial Publications o 18 3 Free Publications ee xiii xlv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1 Introduction For many years authors have been using ATEX to produce papers theses books and other documents
78. The primary target audience for this book would include economists social scientists and others who wish to include some mathematics graphs tables etc in documents which contain a lot of text I would also hope that others will also find it useful The most common argument against the use of TFX is that it is not user friendly Part of the problem is that TeX and ATEX were introduced when computers were much less powerful and a mouse and windows style interface were not feasible Today there are windows style interfaces to IATFX that allow the user much easier access to the program il Often a new user resorts to ATX when he is trying to typeset some difficult mathematics The complexity of the mathematics may be responsible for his problems rather than the complexities of the TEX program Preparing a simple text document with ATEX requires very little knowledge of ATFX and would provide a better introduction than setting some complicated mathematical document In writing this book I propose to provide 1 an easy introduction to TFX and 2 an overview of more advanced features No prior knowledge of 4TpX is assumed If a modern IA4TRX system is already installed on your computer you can start typing a simple TEX document in a matter of minutes If IAT X is not installed I will show you how to install it Once you have started you may pick from the many recipes in the book to learn how to complete various tasks such as typesetting mathe
79. When ATEX was originally produced it was intended for use in typesetting scientific mathematical material It has since been used successfully in many other disciplines to produce documents that look better and are often easier to read than those produced with standard word processing software If you are new to ATEX the instructions in section page 8 of this book set out the minimum that a new user needs to know and do before producing a first ATRX document Many parts of this document are self contained They contain illustrated examples of the use of ATEX to produce various effects A new ATEX user or a more experienced user can extract the ATX code from these examples and use them in their own documents If you have used ATEX some time ago this book can act as a revision course update your knowledge and introduce you to the new IATRX user interfaces I would not expect the book to be read from start to finish Often one might use the contents list to find Introduction relevant material and concentrate on that EXT X has a reputation that it is difficult to use To an extent this is true as it is somewhat different to the usual word processing programs that a new user might have used ATEX is a large flexible system A cursory glance at some ATEX documentation may frighten the new user In effect a new user only needs to know a small fraction of ATX syntax He is also helped by using a modern user interface such as TeXstudio whic
80. When you use Jabref to enter a new item in your data base you will be asked to choose one of these types Depending on your choice you will be asked for material to enter in the data base The bibliographic information is included between the braces and that follow the item description The first item Haya00 is the code that is used to cite the book You can 15 1 Introduction 211 choose this code yourself I use the first four letters of the first author s surname followed by the last two digits of the year of publication If this method leads to duplication of codes I add letters a b etc You are free to choose your own code for each publication Choose a coding system that you will find easy to remember The remaining items title publisher year and author are self explanatory For an entry of BOOK these four items are obligatory Each one of the entry types has its own set of obligatory items You do not have to recall these as the Jabref will show you which items are obligatory for each type There are also many optional items that may also be entered JR JabRef C Home bibliographies econometric_books bib File Edit Search View BibTeX Tools Plugins Options Help Da Sa Par a S F ABE 4 QRO vl Citations bib econometric_books bib economics bib finance bib historical bib stable bib statistics bib stochastic The Econometric Analysis of Time Series Time Series Based Econometrics Unit Roots 9
81. _LaTeX 4 Kopka and Daly 2004 Guide to ATpxX Addison Wesley This is a very comprehensive introduction to AT X It covers a lot of material It is probably a better book for the person who has some basic knowledge of ATEX than for an absolute beginner A full review of this book is available at http www tug org TUGboat tb24 2 tb77waud kopka pdf 2011 ATEX Beginner s Guide PACKT Publishing A modern approach to IAT X which is suitable for the beginner I think that the e book version looks better than the printed version This book is based on TeX Live and Texworks A full review of this book is available at http www tug org books reviews kottwitz beginners html The original ATRX manual 1994 MT X a document preparation system user s guide and reference manual Addison Wesley is still very useful It covers base IATRX very well but does not cover any of the extensions available in add on packages I have found it useful The next three books can be regarded as a set describing available IATFX add on packages They are thus a complement to 1994 Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 The ATEX companion This 1090 page book provides an overview of IAT X packages not covered in the following two books If I have a problem and need to research a package to solve my problem this book would be my first port of call Given its age it is advisable that one check the documentation for any package that you are
82. about to use It is an essential reference work for intermediate to advanced users 2008 The LaTeX Graphics Companion Addison Wesley As Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 but covers material related to graphics This book also has a good section on the beamer package It also contains sections on setting music scores chess games and diagrams the use of colour in IATFX and producing material in PDF format 18 3 Free Publications 239 Goossens and Rahtz 1999 The LaTeX Web companion integrating TpX HTML and XML Addison Wesley Longman This book deals with the relationship between IATfXand the web A series of 5 books on BTEX by Herbert voff translated from German originals have recently been published Voss Vofs 2010a Typesetting Mathematics with MTgX UIT Cambridge Ltd This is an in depth account of typesetting mathematics in ATEX Voss Vofs 2010b Typesetting Tables with Latex UIT Cambridge Ltd A comprehensive account of setting tables in ATEX There is a full review of this book at http www tug org TUGboat tb32 1 tb100reviews pdf Voss Vof 2011 PSTricks Graphics and PostScript for TpXand MT X UIT Cambridge Ltd This is a book of more than 900 pages which is of relevance to those using the PSTricks package to produce very high quality Postscript graphics Voss Vofs 2012a LaTeX Quick Reference UIT Cambridge Ltd This is a condensed account of the syntax of base TFX and a se
83. ackage parfill parskip 170 Writing a paper with PT X AMS Packages Load amsmath package which extends maths facilities amsmath also loads amsbsy amsopn amstext ansgen usepackage amsmath usepackage amsthm Produce bold math symbols usepackage bm Additional Math symbols usepackage mathabx usepackage pifont Simple arithmetic in LATEX commands usepackage calc Table Generation Packages Load the longtable package if you have long tables that stretch over more one page usepackage longtable Facilities for footnotes in tables usepackage threeparttable The package dcolumn aligns the columns of a table on a decimal point For details see the manual usepackage dcolumn The array package provides extensions to the tabular environment For more details see the manual usepackage array format table columns see page 244 of LaTeX Companion URL Package Allow the typing of email addresses hypertext links directories paths etc usepackage url Enhanced Listing Package The paralist environment extends the listing environments in TAT X It provides for listing within paragraphs changes in the spacing and labelling of lists 171 usepackage paralist Packages for Typesetting Pages in Landscape The lscape package provides an environment landscape which allows on to switch from a portrai
84. ackage textcomp The eurosym package provides access to various forms of the Euro symbol For details see url http www theiling de eurosym html usepackage left eurosym The upquote package gives appropriate quotation marks in verbatim environments 169 usepackage upquote Graphics Packages Load the graphicx package See Section 7 3 usepackage graphicx The package wrapfig allows text to wrap around a figure usepackage wrapfig Nusepackage format hang caption Page Layout Packages The setspace package is an easy way to change line spacing in a document It defines three new commands which set line spacing as follows singlespacing single default onehalfspacing one and a half spacing doublespacing double spacing I use one and a half spacing for this document usepackage setspace onehalfspacing Allow fancy formatting of headers and footers 4 usepackage fancyhdr The geometry package allows one to change page margins See http wwa ctan org pkg geometry The package allows one to set various details of the page layout The commented option below sets the left right top and bottom margins Many other options are set out in the manual usepackage geometry Nusepackage a4paper left 3 5cm right 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry Activate next line to begin paragraph with an empty line rather than an indent Nusep
85. age 4 5 7 Quotation Marks and Quoted Text To include material within single quotation marks it is better to open the quotation with an open quotation mark below the ESC key on a standard UK English keyboard and close it with the close quotation mark If you wish to use double quotation marks open the quote with two open quotation marks and close it with two close quotation marks This is illustrated at 1 and 2 in the box below This gives a more polished output that the standard approach which is illustrated at 3 and 4 in the box 1 material within quotation marks producing material within quotation marks material within quotation marks producing material within quotation marks material within quotation marks producing material within quotation marks material within quotation marks producing material within quotation marks There are two environments for longer quoted material the quote environment if you wish to quote a single paragraph and the quotation environment if you wish to quote several paragraphs I give an example of the quotation environment in example 4 5 Text Enhancements 63 below Example 4 5 Example of quoted text begin quotation The first edition of this book published in 1978 dealt with financial crises that were for the most part before World War II Black Monday October 19 1987 along with more research on earlier troubles indicated at least to
86. age Styles and the fancyhdr package 0 4 8 9 1 Page styles in base BIEX 0 00 00 0020 00008 8 9 2 sFANCVAOK cier sa e a a o a a ed e bk Meee oho he he o dove ape bow e 8 10 2 TOtAtING cuac We ae ee Pe Oe Ae ee a Poe Blak amp Gye ne tas ee eae Se eee gee nee a SLL fancyverd 2e 6 co oo oe a bw a A A Pi eae es a ee eee toe ea ee ioe dae ck eke oe CYS AA 9 14 Hyperret ccr pase Maw a Ob ace Du eee BPE he a a 9 Using Output from External Programs with ATRX 9 1 Introduction oo a 9 2 Spreadsheets and BIEX 2 a 9 2 1 Spreadsheet Tables oaa aaa eee 9 2 2 Spreadsheet Graphs o o 9 3 Word Processors and BTE X ooa aaa a 9 4 Some Statistical Econometric Packages and TEX 9 4 1 Eviews and IXTEX o e en a A a eal ee eh bce hg PE Goethe hoa ack book wee ESA 944 Rand BIEX 2 2 ee e e e 9 45 Rats and BTEX o 0 2 0 2 2 0008 9 4 6 Stata and BIEX ooa aaa ee ee ee ie ee ee ae 9 0 GIMP ob ea eee bbe eer oe oe ee aa he a eG GA 9 5 2 enuplot o 42 22 ee bbe eee Re eee a ee eS 9 5 3 GVEdit and Graphviz o e e xl 10 Other ATX Editors TeXworks TeX Maker etc 10 1 Introduction 10 2 Texmaker 10 3 Texworks 10 4 Emacs AucTeX ook rs e ba io e a A 10 5 Te XDICCETMTEA o sai A A A Be ia 10 6 WinEdt 10 7 Winshell 10 8 LyX so 1 Writing a paper with A
87. ages the page number is on the outside and the section number and title are on the inside The book is set up for two sided printing With the book open flat the even and odd numbered pages are on the left and right respectively This layout is intended to aid the reader in navigating the book In one sided printing the specified style for the odd numbered pages is used In standard IATRX two commands that are commonly used to change the way in which headers and footers are used 1 pagestyle option 2 thispagestyle option where option takes one of the following values plain just a plain page number empty produces empty headers and footers no page numbers headings puts running headings on each page The document style specifies what goes in the headings myheadings you specify what is to go in the heading with the markboth or the markright commands The command pagestyle applies to the current and subsequent pages The command thispagestyle applies to the current page only In the front matter the command pagestyle plain is used to put a page number in the centre of the footer and nothing in the header after a pagestyle myheaders command the command 8 9 Page Styles and the fancyhdr package 137 markright left head right head can be used to set the headers in the in the standard book report and article classes and markboth left head right head can be used to set headers and footer
88. ametitle South Sea Bubble Note 5 Material for Slide end frame subsection Tulipmania A Note 8 begin frame Note frametitle Tulipmania Note 5 Material for Slide end frame section Analysis Note 6 subsection Tulips Note 8 begin frame Note begin figure Note 12 begin center includegraphics tulips_mixed end center caption Tulips end figure end frame subsection The Model Note begin frame Note frametitle Bubble Model Note begin equation Note 13 x t f t alpha frac rd x t rd t 14 3 The Presentation 201 end equation Integrating begin align x t amp int_t infty exp left frac tau t alpha right frac f tau alpha rd tau notag amp lim_ T to infty exp left frac tau t alpha right x T notag equiv F t B t end align end frame subsection Alternative Display of Model Note 14 begin frame frametitle Bubble Model in Blocks begin block System begin equation x t f t alpha frac rd x t rd t end equation end block pause begin block Integrating begin align x t amp int_t infty exp left frac tau t alpha right frac f tau alpha rd tau notag AN amp lim_ T to infty exp left frac tau t alpha right x T notag equiv F t B t end align end block end frame end document Notes to X4I X Code
89. an bulgarian Catalan catalan Croatian croatian Czech czech Continued on next page 174 Writing a paper with PT X babel language options continued Language Option s Danish danish Dutch dutch English english USenglish american UKenglish brit ish canadian australian newzealand Esperanto esperanto Estonian estonian Finnish finnish French french francais canadien acadian Galician galician German austrian german germanb ngerman naustrian Greek greek polutonikogreek Hebrew hebrew Hungarian magyar hungarian Icelandic icelandic Interlingua interlingua Irish Gaelic irish Italian italian Latin latin Lower Sorbian lowersorbian North Sami samin Norwegian norsk nynorsk Polish polish Portuguese portuges portuguese brazilian brazil Romanian romanian Russian russian Scottish Gaelic scottish Spanish spanish Slovakian slovak Slovenian slovene Swedish swedish Serbian serbian Turkish turkish Ukrainian ukrainian Continued on next page 175 babel language options continued Language Option s Upper Sorbian uppersorbian Welsh welsh End of Table CHAPTER 12 Writing your Thesis with ATEX If your university has an official IATRX package for a thesis then use it If your university has not got an official IATFX thesis package the perhaps some lecturer or other student has an unofficial one Failing t
90. and Some commands do not require mandatory parameters If more than one mandatory parameter is required each parameter is given within a separate set of braces 4 3 The Preamble 43 Optional Optional parameters are included between square brackets and JP Some commands need no parameters some need only optional parameters some need only mandatory parameters and some need both Commands are case sensitive For example the command gamma produces y while Gamma produces I Extra spaces at the end of a command are ignored There are two variation of some ATEX commands the standard version command and a starred version command The two variations will have the same basic functionality but with important differences which I shall explain as we encounter them 4 2 2 Comments Any line starting with a is regarded as a comment line and is ignored by the ATpX compiler If the sign occurs in the middle of a line that part of the line after the is also ignored 4 3 The Preamble 4 3 1 documentclass Command The first statement in the preamble is the documentclass command The basic syntax of this statement is documentclass options class There is a small trap here You may encounter the topic of this footnote at some stage It will make more sense to study it when you are more familiar with YTf Xcommands Suppose the text after the command begins with a TEX will mistake this for the start o
91. arted with the begin name command and ended with the end name command begin name content end name You may wish to emphasise some text or change font sizes or shape The next section shows how to achieve such enhancements 4 5 Text Enhancements 4 5 1 Font sizes The default text size in a IATRX is specified in the documentclass statement TFX will increase the font size for section headings and similar and provide reduced size fonts for footnotes subscripts and superscripts In general it does a good job but you can change font sizes if you have a need for some special effects There is a selection of ATEX commands to change font sizes relative to the default These commands are illustrated in figure 4 5 1 tiny Text large Text scriptsize Text Large Text footnotesize Text LARGE Text small1 Text huge Text normalsize Text Huge Text Table 4 3 IAT X functions to change font sizes If you have a selection of text and you wish to change the size of the font you can simply insert the command before the text and enclose the text between and Alternatively select the text with your mouse and us the menu item LaTeX Font Sizes and TeXstudio will do the work for you 4 5 Text Enhancements 59 4 5 2 Bold italic underlined etc fonts Bold italic underlined etc fonts are easily added in IATFX by means of ATEX commands A selection of the most used c
92. arz criterion amp 30 43897 amp Hannan Quinn amp 32 58575 hat rho amp 0 365748 amp Durbin Watson amp 0 891083 end tabular end center end table 188 Writing your Thesis with PT X section Conclusions and Policy Recommendations Your conclusions and policy recommendations section Summary A summary of this chapter chapter Title of section 3 An example of a texttt pdf graph is given in figure ref fig samplegraph begin figure ht begin center caption Sample Graph label fig samplegraph includegraphics samplegraph end center end figure chapter Title of section 4 text of section 4 fancyhead fancyhead RO LE Appendix thesection appendix chapter Some Hard Maths label app hardmaths fancyhead LE RO Appendix thechapter The characteristic function of an alpha stable distribution can be deduced from the stability property and is given by begin falign label s eq st03 phi t amp E e itx notag amp intfe7 itx dS x notag MM amp left begin array 11 exp gamma alpha t alpha 1 i beta tan frac pi alpha 2 text sign t i delta t amp text if alpha neq 1 hbox AN exp gamma tIX 1 i beta frac 2 pi text sign t log t i delta t amp text if alpha 1 hbox endfarray right end align see cite Zolo86 or cite Samo94 E is the expectat
93. ater Developments Text text text section Conclusions Next soe abexti end document Figure 3 4 Simple ATX program Copy of that in figure CHAPTER 4 Basic ATEX Syntax 4 1 Some Preliminaries In going from tex to pdf files IAT X generates a lot of subsidiary filed If your main IATFX file is called money tex these subsidiary files are placed in the same directory have the same first name but have a variety of extensions aux bb1 log toc etc For the time being you do not need to worry about these files If you are concerned about disk space TeXstudio has facilities to remove them after the pdf file has been produced New versions of these intermediate files produced by later runs simply overwrite existing files Some of theses intermediate files may be of use if you encounter a problem In particular MATFX processes a file by passing through it from start to finish On its first run it may encounter references to equations tables figures pages etc that have not yet been processed Such references are unresolved at the first run The first run also generates an auxiliary aux file This file contains all the material necessary to resolve the unresolved references and compile a table of contents lists of tables and figures etc A second pass of the TEX program then reads the aux file as the begin document command is processed thus allowing all references to be resolved In circumstances such as this
94. ave these solutions either printed or ignored or replaced automatically by space in which the students can write their answers depending on a single command see section 8 section 5 5 and section 7 6 The latest version of exam cls possibly a beta test version should always be available at www math mit edu psh The exam class is very flexible Like most flexible systems it can be hard to learn Chapter 2 of the manual gives instructions for a basic exam and is relatively simple You could start with Chapter 2 and then extract facilities from the remainder of the manual as required Often you may not even need to go beyond Section 2 You can of course use as required in your exam scripts other standard ATEX mathematics and text facilities CHAPTER 14 Using Beamer for Presentations 14 1 Introduction to Beamer I4TRX in combination with the beamer package can be used to produce professional qual ity transparencies and slides with much less effort than the market leader Figure 14 1 is an example of such a slide which has been produced using a supplied theme and the default set up You can of course use other themes and colours Note the following features e The black and blue band across the top gives hyperlinks to various parts of the document A beamer document should be structured into sections and subsections like any ATFX article These sections and subsections can be based on the structure of your paper
95. b item looks like this and is labelled label pli end asparaenum 1 Every item is basically set as a separate paragraph The second line is not indented this is a feature not a bug 2 The next item looks like this and is labelled The code ref p11 produces 2 Example is an example of the use of the inparaenum environment to produce a listing within a paragraph Note the option a in the beginfinparaenum command This produces the a b c in the listing Alternative tokens A 1 i and 1to produce corresponding lists with upper case letters upper case Roman numerals lower case Roman numerals and Arabic numerals respectively in the listings This extension also works with the standard ATEX enumerate environment when the paralist package is loaded The compactenum environment is just a compact version of the standard WIpX enumerate environment In the default the space between items is set to zero but it is adjustable The asparaitem inparaitem and compactitem environments offer similar extensions to 134 Other Useful Packages Example 8 4 Example of use of inparaenum environment In a posting to texttt comp text tex in May 1998 someone asked about the possibility of an enumerated environment that begin inparaenum a item can be used within paragraphs item takes care of enumeration and item has items that can be referenced label p12 end inparaenum Another posting mentioned
96. backslash Program Files x86 textbackslash gretl textbackslash gretlw32 exe The windows exe file is C Program Files x86 gretl gret1w32 exe The url provides two two new commands url and urldef If hyperref is not loaded see subsection 8 14 By default the url ignores spaces in any email address url file name etc that it type sets This can be overridden by using the obeyspaces option as in the box below usepackage lobeyspaces url 8 6 7 natbib The natbib package provides enhanced facilities for citations and the bibliography It is described in subsection 15 1 2 The hyperref breaks the urldef command in the url package 8 7 Enhanced Listing Package 133 8 7 Enhanced Listing Package 8 7 1 paralist The paralist environment extends the three LaTeX listing environments enumerate itemize and description It provides for listing within paragraphs changes in the spacing and labelling of lists The package also allows individual items in a list to be referenced Examples 8 4 and 8 5 are taken from the paralist manual The asparaenum environment is a variation of the enumerate environment in which the individual items are set as paragraphs This is illustrated in example Example 8 3 Example of use of inparaenum environment begin asparaenum item Every verb item is basically set as a separate paragraph The second line is not indented this is a feature not a bug item The next ver
97. bsection etc statements as required e Chapter 2 contains instructions on the installation and maintenance of ATEX The MS Windows beginner should pay particular attention to section which deals with the installation of Protext an easy to install ATEX distribution for MS Win dows Section gives some information on the purpose of the more important programs included with a ATEX distribution Chapter 3 contains instructions on the installation and use of TeXstudio TeXstudio is a user interface to the ATRX system It allows one to prepare specify and manage content using the type of graphical user interface familiar to Windows Linux or Mac users Chapter 4 describes the basic syntax of ATEX This chapter gives more details of the structure of a IATFX document and how to specify various textual enhancements lists font sizes emphasised fonts etc 1 4 Outline Contents e Chapter 5 shows how mathematical material is set with AT X This is a particular strength of ATX No other program can produce superior mathematical output e Chapter 6 shows how to insert tables and similar material in your document e Chapter 7 deals with figures graphs etc e As already mentioned IATFX is also a programming language This facility has been used to program various extensions to MIX These are provided as add on packages Chapter 8 describes a small selection of these packages that I have found useful e Tables figures t
98. cape package may be used in conjunction with the longtable package to produce wide tables that extend over more than one page Tables 114 eTqegsfemapts pue epow edesspue7 ut qqe jo eTdwexyjuoradeo zeTnqez puse SUTTUN 2 8 EFSOUTI B 914 391119 USZ 0R WG 0 WES ZR v6L 78 gdum 991Z918Np Y 8 TT SOUTI Y GT de Ne UGz 0 u09 0 8 064 N 8 8 8 R HT Ld IS9INPSR UZT 0R ugg 0 7 ZSS 3 zexeeg JAM AT HOTFUUNTOSTITNUN 112898898898 MV B BTO POITA B Y S SOUTI S BF ST SQUTIN ER g N peddersz wgz 0 wed 02 weg OR 86 t zeSe1 Od o6gudig 0 81 p 1987 Da 08 ud 0661 a BR LG SOUTI BF Sp sourtsa y 9 Gd N SurdoTsg WOZ 0 ULE TR 796 9UOJSISUUIEH Y TZ SQUTIAS BF ETHSOWTI R v ZdR N Butdotsy ZT OR WOO TR 384 0d 00T gud gogtz R uoq Z SSUTAAS BR S SOUTI P 9p SSUTI R Tdg N SurdoTsg UgT 0 WE 08 vel a ezemM pevsoory Fq T OT UunTooTATNw 112898898898 SUTTUN NRBIRS uog 2 2 2 2 Y 19I9UeT R 3 sag3ea p192 199108 U01S R TRUTUYR AUTTAR L iei304R STrIjOIGR yrdeqe UAPRolgR UYIdUSTR IX94UO SUTTUN ut T dT UTT dTTITTTTTT zeTngqer utseq 3UT19JUSIN f eTqeaskemaptsjuTl3qN 115 apour adesspuer ut aq jo afdurexy 9 o qRy ex 9Td B UIGZ O wgL O0 VI68SZ v6L dun 991291en ES Td N we zo w09 0 062 vI Ld Jooneg UZTO ugg T
99. ce screen images jpg for inclusion in ATEX documents If I need to add text annotations to the image I have found it easy to open the jpg fine in GIMP use the text tool to add the annotations and then export the file as jed GIMP is a bit of a monster for a relatively minor task such as this but it does work well 9 5 2 gnuplot gnuplot is a free open source graphics package designed for the presentation and graphing of scientific data and the production of publication quality graphics Many other packages use gnuplot to generate graphics In particular the graphics produced by gretl and octavd are generated by gnuplot In effect gretl provides a user friendly access to most of the facilities of gnuplot that many might need In effect to use gnuplot through gretl one does not have to know anything about gnuplot If you are familiar with gnuplot and gretl the gmuplot script generated by gretl can be saved and refined in gnuplot Both packages have good manuals Two recent books about gnuplot are Philips 2012 and anart 2010 9 5 3 GVEdit and Graphviz To quote from their website Graphviz is free open source graph visualization software Graph visualization is a way of representing structural information as diagrams of ab stract graphs and networks It has important applications in networking bioinformatics software engineering database and web design machine learning and in visual interfaces GIMP can open jpg
100. ces Also all sectioning commands have forms that print title as usual but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the table of contents For instance section Preamble The appendix command changes the way following sectional units are numbered The appendix command itself generates no text and does not affect the numbering of parts The normal use of this command is something like chapter A Chapter appendix chapter The First Appendix The secnumdepth counter controls printing of section O numbers The setting setcounter secnumdepth level suppresses heading numbers at any depth gt level where chapter is level zero See Msetcounter Recall that it does not matter how many spaces or lines are used to separate words sen tences or paragraphs Once TX has the words sentences and paragraphs subsections sections etc contents of environments it will arrange them in your paper in a consistent manner You do not need to worry about formatting your document A IATpX expert might fine tune some aspects but this is often not necessary 4 4 6 Environments An important concept in IATFX is that of an environment There are separate environ ments for items such as lists mathematical equations verbatim text tables figures etc 58 Basic ATRX Syntax We use environments to tell ATX that the material included in the environment is not plain text In the box below the environment name is st
101. chapter 15 4 3 The Preamble 45 flgno left aligns all equations This list of options is not comprehensive Options set in the preamble are the defaults for the entire document Certain options to be used when loading various packages can also be included here Some optional packages may change the defaults The defaults in such cases are given in the package documentation Additional options for some packages may be included in the documentclass statement for passing to packages which are loaded later 4 3 2 usepackage statement Various packages extensions to basic JATRX can be loaded in the preamble using usepackage options package statements In the display box below six packages are loaded usepackage amsmath usepackage amssymb usepackage bm usepackage longtable usepackage a4paper left 3 5cm right 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry usepackage breaklinks pagebackref hyperref amsmath This package provides various enhancements in setting mathematical equa tions I would include this package in all my documents amssymb Provides extra mathematical symbols bm Provides bold mathematical symbols amsmath amssymb and bm are packages provided by the American Mathematical Society and should be included in almost all pre ambles unless you have some specific reason for excluding them longtable Provides facilities for the setting of long tables which stretch over several pag
102. chapters sections subsections labels etc It is possible to navigate to a particular section by left clicking on any item in the structure window The figure shows two sets of icons at the left of the edit window The Central tool bar described in section e The top set contains some text formatting facilities e g bold italic underline justification Select the text that you want to format and click on the appropriate button e The second set contains some math formatting icons which we shall describe in chapter On the left of the structure window is a set of icons that gives access to about 400 mathematical and other symbols Clicking on any of these icons replaces the material in the structure window with symbols Clicking on any of these symbols enters the ATEX code for the symbol in the TFX document being edited If you have used the installation procedures described here it is likely that TeXstudio will be configured properly by the installation program The menu item Options gt Configure TeXstudio allows one to reconfigure the system For example suppose that TeXstudio can not find the program pdflatex exe Select commands from that win dow The button on the extreme right enables you to navigate to the pdflatex program Press OK and the new location and program will be recorded for future use By default a UK English dictionary was installed on my PC German Spanish French Hungarian Italian and Dutch dictionarie
103. cifies the graph ics file to be included and allows several options to be specified for the image The graphicx package supports the importation of the following file formats Adobe Portable Document Format pdf This is the most common format used for producing scientific papers and much other material In this case the pdf file contains only the image to be inserted in the document Joint Photographic Experts Group jpg This is the standard format used by di gital cameras to produce photographs It is possible to edit such images using soft ware such as Adobe Photoshop www adobe com Gimp and a variety of other packages jpg files can be highly compressed and and some information will be lost during compression Often this loss of data is achieved without any appreciable loss of quality Use if you wish to include digital photo graphs or screen dumps in your text Portable Network Graphics png This is another bit mapped format It uses a form of lossless compression and files can be much larger than jpg files I have used it in this paper to reproduce screen dumps Encapsulated PostScript eps is a postScript document format with additional re strictions which is intended to be usable as a graphics file format The format was designed to hold a graphics file which might be included in a postscript file If one is using the direct pdfLaTeX approach see section the first three of these formats are available If you are usi
104. ckage which Command which Syntax Lehmanns Media GmbH 197 203 Wiki Colaboration Ed 2013 ATEX Wikibooks org Xie Y 2014 Dynamic Documents with R and knitr CRC Press 155
105. ckage graphicx The package wrapfig allows text to wrap around a figure usepackage wrapfig Page Layout Packages The setspace package is an easy way to change line spacing in a document It defines three new commands which set line spacing as follows singlespacing default single spacing onehalfspacing one and a half spacing doublespacing double spacing I use one and a half spacing for this document Thus usepackage setspace onehalfspacing To satisfy the regulations above us one of the following TCD PhD requirements are one and a half or double spacing Use the onehalfspacing or doublespacing command for both first and final submission Uncomment as required 4 usepackage setspace 4 onehalf spacing Ndoublespacing The geometry package allows one to change page margins See http www ctan org pkg geometry The package allows one to set various details of the page layout For the initial submission the regulations specify that the The gutter margin of both text and diagrams must not be less than 35 mm and that on the other three sides not less than 20 mm For the one sided submission I specify left and right margins of 3 5 cm and top and bottom margins of 5 cm 4 usepackage geometry usepackage a4paper left 3 5cm right 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry For two sided output one can use inner and outer margins rather than left and right To
106. cument e will amend these references if the material is amended new items inserted or some items moved or removed and include if instructed e list of contents e list of tables e list of figures e bibliography e indices and e more If you wish to amend your content or if you don t like some of the result of the ATRX typesetting you can of course amend things and rerun IATFX to produce revised out put Many publishers have ATEX specifications for their publications To conform to these specifications it is often only necessary to add a few instructions to your file These instructions will be provided by the publisher If you wish to switch publishers you only need to swap one set of instructions for the other A TEX system will contain a variety of files including e the basic TEX typesetting program 1 3 A Brief History e the basic IATFX and pdfIA4T X typesetting programs The pdfIAT X program is the main focus of this book e other T X based typesetting programs e various helper programs ET X is not only a mark up language for typesetting but is also a programming lan guage While the ATRX program has basically remained fixed for a long time the BT X programming language has been used to write packages that extend the facilities offered by TFX I shall describe many of these packages as I progress Most of my work has been done on Microsoft systems with occasional use of Linux Most of this book
107. d take a considerable input of time and energy to acquire a good knowledge of ATRX However most beginners do not need that much knowledge Many of the beginners that I have introduced to TFX were able to start on producing quite complicated documents in a matter of hours With each new paper the beginner will add to his AT fX skills TeXstudio as an interface to a ATX system is a great help to both beginner and expert alike It provides lots of menu items and buttons that give easy access to many symbols and TEX commands These and other facilities in TeXstudio are described in chapter The beginner might proceed as follows 1 Read this chapter to get an overview of ATEX If you consider some parts of this chapter difficult or not relevant you can probably ignore them on a first read and return to them later if necessary The same advice applies to much of this book 2 First you must have a IATFX system installed on your system If your IT depart ment supports a different IATFX distribution you should use it unless there is some good reason not to do so If you do not have a ATRX system installed you must first install one For the beginner using MS Windows I recommend proTeXt In stallation details are given in section A TFX system is large and may take some time to install Be patient If you are using Linux you might install the TeX Live system Versions of the TeX Live system are available in the repositories of most Linux distributions
108. d character and many other characters to ATEX usepackage T1 fontenc 8 2 4 textcomp textcomp adds various text symbols to ATEX usepackage textcomp 125 mathabx provides some additional mathematical symbols For lists and usage see the manual hnttp CTAN tex fonts mathabx mathtest pdf usepackage mathabx 8 2 6 pifont This package provides symbol fonts For a manual see http CTAN tex macros latex required psnfss psnfss2e pdf usepackage pifont 8 2 7 eurosym The eurosym package provides access to various forms of the Euro symbol For details ttp www theiling de eurosym html u O Pp usepackage left eurosym 8 2 8 upquote The upquote package sets proper quote characters in verbatim style environments This is important if your document includes computer listings which have quote characters usepackage upquote 126 Other Useful Packages 8 3 Graphics Packages 8 3 1 graphicx The graphicx package is covered in chapter 7 usepackage graphicx 8 3 2 wrapfig The package wrapfig allows text to wrap around a figure See figure in first paragraph of subsection on page 24 usepackage wrapfig 8 4 Page Layout and Format Packages 8 4 1 setspace The setspace package is an easy way to change line spacing in a document It defines three new commands which set line spacing as follows singlespacing The default single spacing onehalfspacing One a
109. d is most used in programming special lists It is seldom used directly in documents The paralist package provides extra list environments and extensions to existing ones It is described in subsection 8 7 1 68 Basic ATRX Syntax Example 4 9 Numbered list using enumerate environment begin fenumerate item A bulleted list item A numbered list item A labelled list end enumerate 1 A bulleted list 2 A numbered list 3 A labelled list Example 4 10 Labelled list using description environment begin description item bulleted use texttt itemize environment item numbered use texttt enumerate environment item Labelled use texttt description end description bulleted use itemize environment numbered use enumerate environment Labelled use description 4 5 10 Boxes The commands makebox mbox framebox and fbox are TEX commands are designed to make unframed and framed ATEX boxes A IATFX box is a construct that can not be split across lines or pages Other commands often generate such constructs I have not used these commands to generate the display material in this book There are three types of displays here 1 Longer listings such as those in the box on page These are produced by the Verbatim environment using a frame single option begin Verbatim fontsize relsize 1 commandchars frameFsingle 4 5 Text Enhancements 69 2 Boxes such as those in
110. document and end document statements as in the box below begin document text of document end document SFor example if you are constrained to produce a document of less than 10 pages you might wish to use smaller fonts and margins to accommodate more text on a page You might find that if you really reduce the size of your document it might be easier to read more people might read it 48 Basic ATRX Syntax This content can be in one of two modes text mode where we enter ordinary text and math mode where we enter our mathematics I will postpone describing math mode until chapter 5 and will concentrate on text mode in the remainder of this chapter 4 4 2 Special Characters In keying the text of your MIX document you may use any of the characters on your keyboard However the ten keys E RH E Tao AFA have special meaning They should not be used in ordinary text If you include one in error and your document compiles you will get some unexpected results from the point where the special character was included If the document does not compile you will get an error message If you do need one of these characters in your document they can be produced using the ATEX commands specified in Table 4 1 For example if you wish to produce a in your document enter Forgetting about special characters is one of the most common errors that beginners make If you copy text from a non IATRX document into a T
111. duced by these commands the main text then follows between begin document and end document commands All you need to do is enter the text of your article divided into sections subsections etc as required You should not be concerned about formatting the data TFX will look after this for you and it will do a very good job In effect if your paper consists of text only you could just insert sec tion subsection headings and the unformatted text of the sections subsections and IATFX will produce a good looking paper 12 Introduction A first AT RX document A N Other Number 1 University March 17 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Development 2 1 Early Developments 2 2 Later Developments Conclusions 1 Introduction This is a basic TEX document More text 2 Development 2 1 Early Developments Text text text 2 2 Later Developments Text text text 3 Conclusions Text text text Thanks to those who aided me with this document Figure 1 2 Output of ATEX code in table CHAPTER 2 Installing ATEX 2 1 Introduction The emphasis in this chapter is on installing a ATEX system in MS Windows This is the operating system that most economists social scientists and practitioners in similar disciplines use Perhaps a few use Mac OS Most Linux users that I know are in disciplines such as computing science engineering mathematics or similar Most of these already have a good knowl
112. e If you have an out of date system encounter problems and seek help from a local expert it is likely that his system may be more up to date and he may not be able to replicate the problem My recommendation would be to keep your system reasonably up to date but not to update when you are trying to meet a deadline Probably the best time to update is when you have finished a project and are about to start a second Selecting this item brings up the window shown in figure Here you select the mirror site package repository from which you wish to obtain your updates 4I have never encountered any problems with these updates but it is probably better to be sure than Sorry Installing ATEX Generally the first option Use the nearest package repository is best If for some reason this fails you may try the third option Let me choose a remote package repository and choose another near repository The second option use the package repository used on previous update may be used if you have had problems with the nearest repository If you are working through a proxy server you will need to use the Connection Button to enter details specific to that proxy These details are site specific and you will need to contact your site administrator for details If you have access to a local copy of the package repository you may enter details on the lower half of this window Select Next to bring up the window in figure 2 5 This is a list of
113. e Usually the threeparttable environment is an addition to the table environment The TFX input part of the example has three commented statements Removing the comment characters from these lines is an indication of how to use it in this way e Note the use of the tablenotes environment This is similar to a description environment The entry in square brackets is the symbol to be attached to each 106 Tables tabular footnote e The command tnote indicates what is to be footnoted The same footnote may be repeated several times Example 6 2 Threeparttable environment begin threeparttable b caption Sample Table with Footnotes begin tabular p 2cm p 1 5cm p 1 5cm hline item amp hfill value amp hfill t stat hline money tnote a amp hfill 54 amp hfill 2 53 inflation tnote b hfill1 54 hfill 26 MM constant tnote a amp hfill 10 21 amp hfill 4 71 hline end tabular begin tablenotes item a The first note item b The second note end tablenotes end threeparttable Table 6 1 Sample Table with Foot notes item money inflation constant 2 The first note b The second note 6 5 Long Tables Floating tables and figures are constrained to a single page Usually this is not a con straint as most tables are smaller than a page Occasionally one has a large table which must be continued on to a second or third or more pages The longtabl
114. e ar gument of some command they are the so called moving arguments Mov ing because data are moved around Candidates are all arguments that may go into table of contents list of figures etc namely data that are writ ten to an auxiliary file and read in later Other places are those data that might appear in head or footlines Section headings and figure captions are the most prominent examples there s a complete list in Lamport s book see TeX related books What s going on really behind the scenes The commands in moving argu ments are normally expanded to their internal structure during the process of saving Sometimes this expansion results in invalid TeX code which shows either during expansion or when the code is processed again Protecting a command using protect cmd tells LaTeX to save cmd as cmd without expanding it at all So what is a fragile command It is a command that expands into illegal TeX code during the save process What is a robust command It is a command that expands into legal TeX code during the save process 4 5 Text Enhancements 71 Lamport s book says in its description of every LaTeX command whether it is robust or fragile it also says that every command with an optional argument is fragile The list is not reliable and neither is the assertion about optional arguments the statements may have been true in early versions of LaTeX2e but are no
115. e environment 6 5 Long Tables 107 can be used in such circumstances The following TpXcode is and example of the use this environment to produce a long table The table gives monthly averages for the exchange rates of the Yand with the The code is followed by the table that it produces The following points should be noted The format of the longtable environment is very similar to the tabular environ ment There is an extra option c here which refers to the positioning of the table Here c is used to centre the table between the left and right sides of the page Other possible values are 1 and r which put the table against the left and right margins respectively We then have a series of 4 sections of code which end respectively with firsthead giving the text that appears at the top of the first page of the table endhead giving the text at the top of all subsequent pages endfoot giving the text at the bottom of every page except the last endlastfoot giving the text at the bottom of the last page The proper alignment of tables using the longtable environment may require up to four TFX runs if the table has been changed This only applies to the next processing cycle after the table has been edited The manual for the longtable package is available at C MiKTeX 2 9 doc latex tools longtable pdf if you are using my recommended MiKTeX directory struc ture on Windows begin longtable c lll
116. e text 8 10 Packages for Typesetting Pages in Landscape 141 The fancyhdr package is much more flexible than one might conclude reading this section It is more complex than other details of the ATEX system and if possible the beginner might avoid using it until he is more familiar with Tpx 8 10 Packages for Typesetting Pages in Landscape 8 10 1 Ilscape The lscape package provides an environment landscape which allows on to switch from portrait to landscape format The environment works by starting a new page and setting the remainder of the material in the environment in landscape mode At the end of the environment a new page is started and typesetting is returned to portrait mode This environment is compatible with the longtable package 8 10 2 rotating The rotating package provides sidewaystable and sidewaysfigure environments which produce rotated floats By default the floats are turned so that the bottom of the float is nearest to the outside of the page The options counterclockwise and clockwise ro tate the figure counter clockwise and clockwise as expected If you are using a two sided option and wish to have the figures rotated in the same direction use the figuresright or figuresleft option The package also provides a sideways environment which when used within a table or figure environment rotates the contents of the sideways envir onment but not the caption presumed outside the sideways environment For further
117. ed The process may be summarised as follows When you have updated your citations or your bibliography data files 1 Run pdflatex twice 2 Run BibTpX 3 Runpdflatex 4 Run pdflatex again 15 1 4 Hyper references in your bibliography If you are reading this document on a computer using a pdf reader you may have noticed that the citations are hyper linked to the bibliography If you right click on a citation you are transferred to the corresponding entry in the bibliography At the end of the item in the bibliography you will see a list of numbers in red boxes These are reverse hyper links back to the citations allowing you to return directly to the page you were reading before you consulted the bibliography 218 Managing your References This facility is provided by the hyperlink package which for this document is loaded as follows usepackage breaklinks pagebackref hyperref The hyperref package needs to extend some of the facilities available in other packages To do so it is necessary to load the hyperref package after these other packages It is recommended that the hyperref package be the last package to be loaded The hyperlinks package also adds the url command which allows one to include ex ternal hyperlinks in your document If the hyperlink will not fit on a line the breaklinks allows it to be split over two lines if it will not fit on one line or on the remainder of the line where it has been inserted
118. ed by times Thus a times b produces a x b 5 4 3 Accents in Mathematics Table lists many of the the accents used in math mode in ATEX Many of these accents are available on the Accented letters drop down menu on the extreme right hand side of the TeXStudio screen Additional accents are listed in 2009 5 4 Sums and Products 83 FATRX Input Output ATRX Input Output Nacuteta gravefa check a hat a a tilde a a bar a a vec a a breve a a dot a a ddot a a dddot a a ddddot a a mathring a a widetildefabc abc widehat abc abc overleftarrow abc abc overrightarrow abc abe line overline abc abc underline abc abc overbracefabc de underbracefabc abe overleftrightarrow fabc abe underleftrightarrow abc abe underleftarrow abc abe underrightarrow abc abc xleftarrowfabc ie xrightarrow abc ate stackrel above under nde i PE f Table 5 1 Accents in Mathematics from TeXstudio Version 2 7 drop down menu 5 4 4 Brackets and delimiters Mathematical expressions may involve brackets and delimiters of various sizes The easi est way to manage such problems is to use the put left before the left bracket and right before the right bracket The left and right must be used in pairs and can be nested This is illustrated in the following box In equation 5 71 use only standard brackets Obviously the square brackets are not the co
119. ed in many places in IAT X For example if you wish to insert a graph with a width of ten centimetres in our document we can write includegraphics width 10cm graphfile To separate the text from boxes such as these I use the instruction vspace tex Then if I use a larger font the size of the space is increased proportionally It is generally better to use flexible units such as em or ex when making either horizontal or vertical spaces Likewise when I am inserting a graph I use a unit such as textwidth which is the width of the text on the page Thus if I want the width of the graph to be 80 of the text width I use includegraphics width 0 8 textwidth graphfile Most graphs in this book have been published in this manner If a later stage you change your page size or margin widths the graph keeps the original proportion of the text width even though the text width has changed CHAPTER 1 Errors and Warnings 17 1 Introduction Errors in ATFX are of two kinds The first type involves typographic errors misspelling errors in formulae etc which TEX blindly ignores and sets as entered You can use a spell checker to find many of the spelling errors but the remaining errors of this type can only be found by careful proof reading This problem has to be solved regardless of the program that you are using to set your document The second type of error arises from mistakes in entering your TFX commands and env
120. ed in the box below for headers and footers there are eight items that can be specified when the fancy style is in operation Left Header CenteredHeader Right Header page body Left Footer CenteredFooter RightFooter These eight items include the contents at the left L centre C and right R of the header and of the footer and the decorative lines dividing the header or footer from the main text in the body of the page We can also have separate definitions for the odd 0 and even numbered E pages The commands fancyhead positions content or fancyfoot positions content are used to define the content of the headers and footers where positions is a position or a list of positions using the abbreviations in the previous paragraph For example OL 3 At the time of writing the latest version of the documentation for this package is in Mittelbach and 2004 pages 224 232 There is also a good account of the package in Wiki Colaboration 2013 8 9 Page Styles and the fancyhdr package 139 means the Left header on an Odd numbered page and ER the Right header on an Even Page I used the following code to produce the headers and footers in this book usepackage fancyhdr in the preamble and frontmatter pagestyle plain Front matter Abstract etc inserted here mainmatter pagestyle fancy fancyheadoffset LE RO 0 3 marginparwidth renewcommand chaptermark 1 markbo
121. edge of computing and are well capable of installing a IATRX system In Section 2 5 I have included some basic information on installing PTEX in operating systems other than MS Windows If you already have a IATRX system installed on your PC you can probably skip this chapter If your system is old you should consider installing a new MTFX system or updating your existing system I assume that you have full administrative rights on the PC on which you wish to install your IAT fXa system If so choose the option to install for all persons If not install for a single user in a directory in which you have read write and execute rights If you find that you can not run the install program there is a portable version of MiK TeX available 14 Installing ATEX from http www miktex org portable about This version of ATFX may be installed on and run from a USB stick Windows 7 may ask if the program installed properly You may confirm that it has IATRX is a large package The full AATRX system on the PC that I am currently working on has 63 555 files in 7 027 folders and uses 1 96 GB of disk storage For comparison the full Microsoft Office Professional in the Program Files X86 folder on the same computer has 4 524 files in 158 folders and uses 893 MB of disk storage A full installation may take over one hour on any but the fastest PC Be patient Before installing ATX I would recommend that you install ghostscript and gsvie
122. ehensive list of IAT X editors is given at http en wikipedia org wiki Comparison_of_TeX_editors I have used all of the editors mentioned below at some stage or another At the moment most of my 4TpX editing is done in TeXstudio I also currently use Texworks and Emacs AucTeX If you do a web search on best ATEX IDE you will get a confusing variety of recom mendations Some users will have already used an IDE or editor for writing programs e g Eclipse Notepad and they have a good knowledge of it There may be an extension to their existing system that allows them to prepare and process ATEX docu ments Their knowledge of the particular editor means that this may be an appropriate 10 2 Texmaker 163 choice for them Others have started with a particular IDE because a colleague or other user recommended it They spent time learning it and now are happy to recommend it to other users In effect there are many ATEX IDEs that produce good results None are perfect All have good points and all have bad points The aim of TeXstudio is to incorporate the better points of other IDEs In my opinion it does this well The installation and use of TeXstudio has been covered in Chapter If you have access to a ATEX guru who supports and recommends another IDE or another IDE is widely used in your organisation then you might consider using that alternative This book has been written using TeXstudio From time to time I have compiled t
123. er 2006 item IEA Annual Conference April 2007 end itemize section Introduction Your introduction section The Model Your theory and the consequent model In order to populate a bibliography I cite at random from my own bibliographic database citet Blat71 Bouc00 Cham76 Cont01 Nola07 Pano95 Paol01 Voit05 Barn01 section Econometric Estimates My econometric results are shown in table ref tab sample1 Figure ref fig samplegraph compares the actual and fitted data begin table begin center caption Sample OLS results OLS using observations 1958 1972 T 15 Dependent variable log Y label tab sample1 begin tabular lrrrr multicolumn i c multicolumn 1i c Coefficient multicolumn i c Std Error nulticolumn i c t ratio nulticolumn 1i c p value MM const 3 34 amp 2 45 1 36 amp 2 MM 1 _X2 1 50 amp 0 54 2 78 amp 0 0 1 _X3 0 49 amp 0 10 4 80 amp 0 0 end tabular end center end table begin table begin center begin tabular lrlr Mean dependent var amp 10 09653 amp S D dependent var amp 0 207914 Sum squared resid amp 0 067158 amp S E of regression amp 0 074810 R72 amp 0 889030 Adjusted R72 amp 0 870535 F 2 12 amp 48 06885 amp P value F amp 1 87 textrm e 06 Log likelihood amp 19 28156 amp Akaike criterion amp 32 56312 Schw
124. er is between the braces to an upright Roman font 226 Some Simple User Defined Functions TEX Input 4 newcommand rd ensuremath mathrm d beginfequation label eq rd03 frac d72y dx72 ux frac dy dx vx fx end equation beginfequation label eq rd04 frac rd 2y rd x72 ux frac rd y rd x vx fx end equation TREX Output dy dx dy In subsubsection page 86 we have already described using DeclareMathOperator to specify an upright font for function names in math mode An alternative version of the newcommand which allows substitutable parameters is renewcommand cmd args default def where cmd is the new command being defined The name should begin with a args is the number 1 to 9 of substitutable arguments that are to be used in the defin ition of the new command The arguments are labelled 1 2 9 and these symbols are used in the definition of the function default If this optional parameter is present it is a default value for 1 def This is the material that is to be substituted for every call of the function The nTH parameter is substituted for n in the definition The following example illustrates these points 16 2 Simple Function with no Arguments 227 BTEX Input newcommand cpr 2 textcopyright 1 2 cpr Jones 2012 cpr Murphy 2011 TREX Output Jones 2012 Murphy 2011 Here a new command cpr is defined It has two pa
125. erial may be wrapped over a second line In either case the output will be difficult to read and will not do justice to what otherwise may be excellent work The better analysis programs produce publication quality tables and graphs and provide a means of transferring them to a report generating package Many others only provide a partial solution Any package that requires the transfer of data by hand should be avoided Many of the facilities outlined in this chapter may also be useful to users of the analysis programs who are using word processors to produce their reports 9 2 Spreadsheets and BATRX Over the years I have used three spreadsheet programs in alphabetical order Calc LibreOffice or OpenOffice Excel and Gnumeric 9 2 1 Spreadsheet Tables Many economists prepare tables for reports with Excel An Excel add In excel2latex is available which outputs Excel tables in ATEX format Text formatting bold italic alignment left right centred and rotation of cell contents is retained Cells spanning multiple columns and or rows are also supported Border lines can be retained at the level of individual cells or replaced with the style of formatting recommended by the booktabs package The IATFX code can be copied to the clipboard or saved as a IAT RX file which then can be included in an existing LaTeX document using the input command or pasted into a AT X document You can also specify which ranges of your Excel workb
126. eron s AZ web views of CTAN provides an 66 Basic ATRX Syntax alphabetical list of and links to PT X packages which is a most useful source of information 4 5 Text Enhancements 67 4 5 9 Lists Standard ATEX provides three kinds of lists bulleted numbered and labelled lists Ex amples of the the three environments used to produce these lists are given in in Ex amples and The itemize environment produces a bulleted list The bulleted lists produced by this environment can be nested to a depth of four The types of bullets used are defined by the document class used For details on how to change the defaults see Mittelbach and page 128 Similarly the enumerate environment produces a numbered list which can be nested to depth of four The default enumerators are 1 2 for the first level a b for the second i ii for the third and A B for the fourth These enumerators may be amended see for example Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 page 130 The labels for each item are included in in the item at the start of each item Usually the labels are given in bold type are indented and right justified Example 4 8 bulleted list using itemize environment begin itemize item A bulleted list item A numbered list item A labelled list end itemize e A bulleted list e A numbered list e A labelled list A list environment is also available This provides flexible lists an
127. es 46 Basic ATRX Syntax geometry The geometry package provides facilities to change margins and other features on the printed page The example above specifies a left margin of 3 5 cm a right margin of 3 5 cm a top margin of 5 cm and a bottom margin of 5 cm In general you should try to avoid this facility as the default output from IAT X is usually very good hyperref This package provides facilities for the use of hyperlinks in the document If the hyperref package is loaded it should be the last package loaded If in text a hyperlink will not fit on the current line the breaklinks option breaks the hyperlink across lines The pagebackref adds backlink text to the end of each item in the bibliography as a list of page numbers where the item is cited I shall deal with these and a selection of other packages as we discuss various other features of TFX Chapter 8 contains details of a selection of packages that you may find useful I would include these packages in all of my documents 4 3 3 Title and Author Details Title and Author details are generally entered in the preamble The display box below repeats the title and author details from the listing in figure 1 1 title A first LaTeX document author A N Other Number 1 University thanks Thanks to those who aided me with this document In defining the title we make use of three commands title details where details is the title of the pa
128. etc 207 Bubbles Tulipmania Tulipmania Material for Slide Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd Analysis Figure Tulips Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd 208 Using Beamer for Presentations The Model Analysis Bubble Model ee Flee ew au 1 x t ep LS fy jim exp 5 x T F t B t 2 Integrating Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd Aodel Analysis Alternative Display of Model Bubble Model in Blocks x t F t a Integrating ot f exp Uar jim exp AAT F t B t 4 Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd CHAPTER 15 Managing your References 15 1 Introduction There are four ways to manage your citations and bibliography in ATEX 1 Record your bibliography data in a BibT X compatible data base and use the bibtex program to extract your citations and material for your bibliography This is the method that we will concentrate on here Your data base can be added to and reused in your next paper This method ensures that the format of your citations and bibliography are consistent throughout the document 2 Use a BibT X compatible data base the biblatex package and the biber or bibtex p
129. ete the reference to the natbib in the preamble and change the bibliographystyle chicago to bibliographystyle aer Use Tools Clean Auxiliary Files to delete current bibliography files Then run pdfATFX and BibT X as necessary see subsectior 15 1 3 You might compare the results here with those in the bibliography at the end of this document If there are one or more bibliography files these must be specified in a comma separated list containing no spaces Including a comment sign immediately after the last character at the end of a line enables on to continue input on the next line It comments out the end of line marker which would otherwise be regarded as a white space 216 Managing your References ET EX Input Citations See cite Camp97 See cite Mccu08 See cite Kind00 bibliographystylefaer bibliographyl List of BibTeX data base files as before LATEX Output Citations See Campbell et al 1997 See McCullough and Heiser 2008 See Kindleberger 2000 References Campbell John Y Andrew W Lo and A Craig MacKinlay The Econometrics of Financial Markets Princeton University Press 1997 Kindleberger Charles P Manias Panics and Crashes A History of Financial Criises Palgrave 2000 McCullough B D and David A Heiser On the accuracy of statistical procedures in Microsoft Excel 2007 Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 2008 52 4570 4578 Figure 15 2 C
130. ext etc prepared in other computer packages can be used in ATEX Chapter 9 shows how to transfer material to or from various word processing programs and spreadsheets to ATEX how to prepare material in various econometric statistical packages for use as BTEX tables and figures how to use various graphical programs to prepare material for ATEX e For completeness chapter provides a brief introduction to alternative ATEX interfaces and editors I am recommending TeXstudio see chapter 3 but there may be institutional constraints which force a user to use an alternative editor e Chapters 11 to 14 cover four typical IAT FX applications preparation of a paper chapter 11 preparation of a thesis chapter 12 preparation of an examination papers exercises and solutions chapter 13 using beamer to prepare slides for presentations chapter L4 e Chapter 15 shows how to use the helper programs bibtex and jabref to prepare and manage your bibliographies e Chapter 16 introduces some of the programming features of ATEX e Chapter outlines some of the errors that may occur and how to solve such problems Introduction e Chapter 18 contains a brief review of the TEX literature 1 5 A Road Map for New Users The list in section 1 4 does give the impression that TFX is a very complicated program Any program that does as much as AT X must be complex It does indee
131. f an optional parameter and will give an error when compiling The solution is to enclose the within braces if it is not the start of an option for a command Many commands have a second version that has an added If you are using the version of the command without an and the text following the command starts with an you should include the within braces 3In the default in TeXstudio lines which are longer than one screen width are wrapped onto the next line on the display In TeXstudio line continuations are marked by a L symbol in the column to the left of the edit window This column contains the line number of the file in the window Most TFX user interfaces and text editors behave or can be configured to wrap long lines in this manner 44 Basic ATRX Syntax The standard values for the obligatory parameter class are book report article letter or slides As might be expected these are used to produce books reports articles letters and slides The slides class has to all extent been replaced by the beamer class which is provided by the beamer packagd This package is likely to be of particular interest to readers and is covered in detail in Chapter 14 Many other classes are made available through the package system A standard MATRxX distribution contains about 250 such packages There are classes for various journals technical papers publisher s book specification etc The beginner can concentrate o
132. f errors that occur Appendix C of and Daly 2004 and Chapter 12 of 2011 contain an extended introduction to resolving problems in IAT X Appendix B of Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 contains a more comprehensive but advanced treatment A colleague with TFX experience is a very valuable resource if you run into problems TeXstudio is a good environment for resolving issues in ATEX When you run JAT X the bottom of the screen displays a tabbed window At this stage the three tabs Messages Log File and Errors are of interest To Illustrate some sample errors I have inserted in the file an incorrect command e g LateX instead of the correct LaTeX After running I4TRX the contents of the Messages Tab is displayed in figure This shows that the process ended with error The Errors tab is reproduced in figure In this case only one error is displayed If there are multiple errors they are listed in this tab By clicking on a line in this tab the cursor is moved to the error in the edit window Clicking on an item in the error window and opening the log tab displays the log file at the point that the error was discovered This is displayed in figure This gives some extra details of the problem In the traditional approach to error checking when ATFX found an error it stopped processing the document and asked the author for input that might correct the error The instruction type I and the correct spelling is intended for working in this ma
133. f the verbatim environment Many of the examples of ATEX input in this note have been produced using an enhanced version of the verbatim environment See for example Example and many of the boxed sections I illustrate the environment with an example of a short stratq program which I might wish to reproduce a program in a paper Example 4 6 Example of verbatim environment begin verbatim insheet using medicare txt clear describe CREATE NEW VARIABLES generate AVE_DAYS tot_d num_dchg generate CCPD cov_chg num_dchg generate NUM_DCHG num_dchg 1000 replace year 1989 year tsset state year save medicare replace end verbatim insheet using medicare txt clear describe CREATE NEW VARIABLES generate AVE_DAYS tot_d num_dchg generate CCPD cov_chg num_dchg generate NUM_DCHG num_dchg 1000 replace year 1989 year tsset state year save medicare replace Note that ATEX commands etc within the verbatim are not interpreted but are pro duced verbatim i e exactly as typed in the verbatim environment The material in the verbatim environment is set in a new paragraph For the computer programmer there are more elaborate listing packages available 4 5 Text Enhancements 65 Sometimes it may be necessary to produce some verbatim material within a paragraph of normal ATEX input This is achieved by the verb text command which produces the material between the two signs in an in line
134. f you have little or no mathematical symbols and figures you need to learn very little The final document is in Adobe pdf format It is set up for two sided printing if you wish to print it You may also view it on your screen and take advantage of the coloured diagrams and display boxes If your pdf viewer supports it the document contains both internal hyperlinks and links to the world wide web If you like the appearance of the book then perhaps it is time that you gave IATRX a trial vi Contents 1 eS ech eae hate a hk ee Bek de eh ke ee 1 12 What is BIEX is o ace Ge eS ew A a ee ee Be 2 13 A Brief History s s se ees e meae e 5 1 4 Outline Contents o 6 E m a E bates Bh eee A E oe bus 8 ce Sate oe owe e AAN EA 9 oe Pag Bada e oe ele oO a we ee ed ee 10 2 Installing PTEX 13 gi ieee sk RE ee Get IN 13 ae Wedge eee at acdc ee ee ee ae ee 14 bs oe ee ew tee hh pede es eb 4 16 whet os a o ak Be A eS 22 2 5 Installing IEX on other Operating systems 22 A ies ek ee we ee kB RODE ee oh amp eee ee Re 22 25 2 Apple Oo a aea a E bbws Sark kh a RG ee a a a G 23 2 5 3 Portable Devices 2 2 ee 23 2 6 A BIEX system ssor 2 ee ee 24 29 Vil saroy dopi ag a band eed ened bewis ee bE Es ste Poe pera eG ae eg eg ein ye ee ee es B21 MS Windows ee a4 a A he ew ww a eed ag a la Ded Rew Se eS oO a 3 2 3 APP OS Sa each ane ew a phe Pak a ded ak ene Foe Pht EAR es ee
135. gebackref hyperref 8 14 hyperref 145 The breaklinks option allows long hyper references to be spread over two lines the part on each line acting as a link The pagebackref adds pages numbers to the bibliography These page numbers are hyperlinks to the page containing the citations 146 Other Useful Packages CHAPTER O Using Output from External Programs with ATEX 9 1 Introduction Many users prepare graphs and tables in a spreadsheet or word processor They use statistical econometric packages to analyse their data The purpose of this chapter is to give an outline as to how material generated in this way can be transferred to ATX without having to re key tables and re generate graphs While the facilities described here relates only to packages that I have used the general methodology may also apply to other software I shall look at two questions 1 How to transfer to TEX tables regression and other results from statistical e conometric and other software 2 How to use in ATEX graphs produced in such software These instructions assume an understanding of the material in Chapter The basic output produced by many packages is designed for viewing on screen Students sometimes simply cut and paste this output into into a word processing program and 148 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX then reproduce it proportional font such as Times Roman If they use a fixed font the mat
136. h columns parameter c 1 or r is determined by the widest entry in the column 1 for left aligned r for right aligned p length Gives a column of fixed length determined by the parameter length Cells in a column with this specification can be spread over several lines You may specify a new line with a newline command ColSeparator If two columns parameters are separated by a or by then a single or double line is drawn between the two columns e The table is entered row by row Rows are separated by 104 Tables Cells within the line are separated by amp Column entries may include other LaTeX commands e You may use the multicolumn cols pos text to make a table entry that is spread over several columns cols is the number of columns included in the entry pos is the format of the cell using the c 1 or r and parameters and text is the content of the multicolumn cell e You may insert a horizontal line in a table with the hline command This com mand is issued immediately after the which ends the previous row You may insert a horizontal line under a range of columns with the cline i j command which inserts a line under columns i to j inclusive Example 6 1 illustrates these points e The table structure has four columns the first left justified the second centred the third right justified and the fourth is 2 cm in length e l have inserted a horizontal line before and af
137. h is described in Chapter It is often argued that a word processing program is easier to use Perhaps This depends on what you are trying to produce This book was produced with XIX Have a look at its contents and consider how you would replicate them in your word processing program If you have mathematical material in your document 4T X will produce results that at least as good as any other program If you have little or no mathematics you need to learn less ATEX and still produce excellent documents I have been using TX for more than 20 years and have introduced many new users to ATEX Any one that has put some effort into learning it has found it useful I must admit that some persons to whom I recommended IATEX have simply refused to consider using it on the grounds that they had heard that it was difficult to use All that I ask is that you give it a fair trial before you decide I am confidant that you will find it useful and that in using it you will produce better looking documents 1 2 What is BIEX IATRX is a typesetting program TFX is not a word processing program While ATEX and word processing programs such as MS Word LibreOffice Writer Abiword etc can produce similar outputs the capabilities of ATX are more extensive than those of the word processing programs Perhaps TFX is most useful when you need some of these capabilities but I have found it useful even when I am not using these capabilities Before the adven
138. hanging Bibliography style to that of the American Economic Review AER 15 1 3 Running BibTpX If you are using TRXStudio the program looks after the generation of citations and the bibliography If during the pdflatex run TeXstudio detects that e the citations in the document have been amended or e new citations have been added to the document or e a bibliography data bib file has been amended 15 1 Introduction 217 then TeXstudio will automatically rerun the BibTeX program to regenerate the citations and bibliography and then re run pdflatex at least twice to include the updated material in the document If required you may generate the revised citations and bibliography yourself Some ATEX interfaces require you to do this The process may be summarised as follows 1 Your AT EXfile has been amended or your BibT X bibliography files have been amended Re run pdflatex This will write an updated version of the list of citations and style in use to the aux file 2 You then run the BibTpXprogram which reads details from this amended aux file bib bibliographic files and bst bibliography style files and produces a bb1 file which contains the material necessary to produce the bibliography 3 A pdflatex run then uses this bb1 file to revise the aux file 4 A final pdflatex run then produces the final version of the paper containing the citations and bibliography This process may sound a little complicat
139. he column Can be used after an 1 r c p m ora b lt decl option It inserts decl right after the entry of the column Inserts a vertical line The distance between two columns will be enlarged by the width of the line in contrast to the original definition of ATEX Can be used anywhere and corresponds with the op tion The difference is that decl is inserted instead decl of a vertical line so this option doesn t suppress the normally inserted space between columns in contrast to Table 8 1 Column Format Options 8 6 5 caption The caption package allow one to format the caption to a float I use usepackage format hang caption to produce captions such as the caption for the ghost table 8 2 The package also allows many other ways of formatting tables See the manual 132 Other Useful Packages Table 8 2 This an Example of a table with a long title which is set over more than one line and uses the format hang option in the caption package The table is omitted only the caption is set 8 6 6 url The url package provides a convenient way of setting email addresses hypertext links directories paths and file names in some operating systems MS Windows file names are better set with a combination of the texttt and textbackslash commands as in example Example 8 2 Setting MS File Names The windows texttt exe file is texttt C text
140. he document with other GUIs I now give some details of those alternative IDEs that I have used over the years 10 2 Texmaker In 2009 Texstudio forked from the original TeXmaker Both programs still have many features in common If I was using postscript files and using the ter gt dvi gt ps gt pdf methodology I might prefer Texmaker to TeXstudio Texmaker is available from www xmimath net texmaker 10 3 Texworks Texworks is the IDE distributed with TFX Live If you consider that TeXstudio is a little cluttered then you should consider Texworks Texworks is inspired by the TeXShop LXT X IDE for Mac OS X There is set of short cuts available for XTX commands environments and characters This works well if you are familiar with ATEX but I think that it might be a little confusing for a beginner I have the experimental TeXworks development build for Windows v0 5r1010 loaded on my PC It also allows the more standard command completion methods i e if I type begin eq and press the Tab key it cycles through the available choices Sometimes the manuals for various ATX packages and other documents are available on the web or on your PC in both pdf and BT EX formats If these are downloaded to the same directory loading the IXT X file into Texworks also loads the pdf file into the 1I don t but I have heard others say so 164 Other ATEX Editors TeX works TeX Maker etc TeXworks pdf reader If there is an effect
141. he renumbered tables in your documents The ATEX command listoftables produces a list of the tables in the document In two column mode the table environment produces tables that are spread across both columns In double column mode the unstarred table environment restricts the table to a single column Otherwise the two environments are the same In setting tables a writer should remember the following points e The purpose of your table is to convey to the reader information that can not be given in running text e Only include in your table material that is relevant Extra or irrelevant material will deflect attention from the important items and may confuse the reader e Try to make your headings and the stub of your table as complete as possible A reader should be able to understand your table by simply looking at the table He should not have to search through text for explanations of what could be obvious if the material in the table were set out properly e Minimise the number of vertical lines in your table In fact typesetting experts often claim that there should be no vertical lines in a table e Horizontal lines of different widths enhance your table e In most cases an unedited version of the basic regression output from many eco nometric or statistical packages is not suitable for inclusion in a paper Some such software has facilities for outputting an enhanced version of the tables I will describe some of t
142. heir ATX files In this case the second approach should be used Most economists social scientists etc are unlikely to need these facilities MiKTeX contains a utility epstopdf exe which may be used to convert eps files to pdf There is also a way to arrange that that eps files are automatically converted before running the pdflatex exe program We shall deal with this matter in greater detail in chapter Microsoft Windows Version 6 1 7601 Copyright c 2009 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved c Work IntroLaTeX gt pdflatex main This is pdfTeX Version 3 1415926 2 4 1 40 13 MiKTeX 2 9 entering extended mode lots of deleted output 26 Installing ATEX Output written on main pdf 191 pages 3251828 bytes Transcript written on main log c Work IntroLaTeX gt 2 6 A ATEX system 27 Microsoft Windows Version 6 1 7601 Copyright c 2009 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved c Users frainj gt cd Work PhD Thesis Temp cd Work PhD Thesis Temp c Work PhD Thesis Temp gt latex thesis_main_5 tex This is pdfTeX Version 3 1415926 2 4 1 40 13 MiKTeX 2 9 entering extended mode c Work PhD Thesis Temp thesis_main_5 tex LaTeX2e lt 2011 06 27 gt Lots of output removed Underfull hbox badness 10000 in paragraph at lines 760 760 T1 hlh m n 12 T1 hlst m n 12 www riskmetrics com pdf working RM 2006 _ introduction pdf 11T1 h1h m n 12
143. her environment begin gather labelfeq gather log Meft frac TC_i Q_i right beta_1 beta_2 1 log Q_i beta_3 log p_ i1 beta_4 log p_ i2 beta_5 log p_ i3 varepsilon_i quad i 1 dots T end gather log IE Bi 62 1 log Q 83 log pi1 Balog p 2 Bs log piz3 i 1 inserted before the relevant symbol the end of each line is indicated by a The next box is an example of this use of the align environment Example 5 16 Align environment beginfalign bm b bm beta amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bmfy bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bm X bm beta bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bm X bm beta bm X bm X 74 13 bm X bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm beta bm X bm X 1 bm X bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bm varepsilon end align X X y X X XB e 8 X X X aX an XOX aba a Xie e eho nn X X X e 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 91 An align environment can have several alignment points in each line This is illustrated in the box below This example states the condition for equality of two 3 x 3 matrices There are three columns of equations Within each equation the alignment amp is at the character There are three such characters A amp sign also separa
144. here would imply Its design allows any input languages e g R Python and awk and any output markup languages e g TFX HTML Markdown AsciiDoc and reStructuredText 156 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX 1 Separating the chunks of R code from the ATEX code 2 Compiling the chunks of R code 3 Producing the final ATEX source for the document The RStudio GUI for R eases the production of knitr documents and automates their processing The knitr package can create dynamic reports which can be updated automatically if data or analysis change Instead of inserting a prefabricated graph or table into the report the master document contains the R code necessary to obtain it Each time we run the document through R all data analysis output tables graphs etc is created on the fly and inserted into a final 4T X document The report can be automatically updated if data or analysis change which allows for truly reproducible research 9 4 5 Rats and PT X Rats has a report command that is used to produce reports These reports are similar to spreadsheets They can contain the results of a wide variety of analyses They can also be formatted number of significant figures or decimals row and column names justification of column and row contents etc When the reports have been generated they can be exported to file or to the clipboard in MIX format This material can be incorporated in your ATEX document There
145. hese facilities in chapter 9 IAT X offers extensive facilities for typesetting tables Voss Vof 2010b is a full length book devoted entirely to the typesetting of tables in ATEX Next I move to various ways of producing the actual tables that go into the table float These references must have used the key parameter specified on the label command Heiberger and Holland 2004 Appendix E claims that students who submit to them class papers with an inappropriate use of computer output may have their papers returned marked unread 6 3 The tabular and tabular Environments 103 6 3 The tabular and tabular Environments The tabular environment is the basic environment for producing tables with IATFX If you need to use this environment TeXstudio has a wizard that makes it a little easier to use Some econometric statistical packages can output code for ATFX tables These are described in chapter p They use the tabular environment Some of these short cut methods require some knowledge of the tabular environment A knowledge of the environment will also permit fine tuning of the results if required The basic code for a tabular environment is given in the box below begin tabular columns table contents end tabular where e the parameter columns describes the formatting of the columns of the table There is one entry for each column in the table c for a centred entry The width of a column wit
146. his a lecturer or another student is willing to give you a copy of the preamble they used in similar circumstances that should be a good starting point You might also find that a EATRX package designed for another university might satisfy your university s requirements In this chapter I set out what is currently required for a thesis in Trinity College Dublin and give a preamble that meets the current requirements A student should always check the current requirements at his own university as they may change from time to time The preamble here duplicates a lot of what is in the I4TRX paper preamble in the previous chapter Chapter 8 contains more details of some of these packages and manuals for the packages are available on the web The Trinity College Dublin current thesis regulations contain the following provisions 1 32 5 Typescript and illustrations The thesis must be printed on good quality A4 297 x 210mm white paper The type must be fully formed as in the output of a laser or ink jet printer The output of dot matrix printers is not acceptable The type must be black and not less than 10 point Line 178 Writing your Thesis with TX spacing must be at one and a half or double spacing between lines The gutter margin of both text and diagrams must not be less than 35 mm and that on the other three sides not less than 20 mm The two copies of the thesis for examination should be soft bound and printed on one side of the page
147. his bibliography begin thebibliography widest label bibitem short year long key details bibitem details end thebibliography To illustrate this in figure I duplicate three of the entries in my bibliography using these methods The preamble to the IATFX segment in that figure includes usepackage natbib The format of the bibitem requires some explanation Consider the first item in the list bibitem Campbell et al 1997 Camp97 Campbell J Y A W Lo and A C Mac K inlay 1997 newblock em The Econometrics of Financial Markets newblock Princeton University Press For a natbib author year citation the option within square brackets is obligatory The material within these square brackets is used to cite the document The first entry in the square brackets is the text of the short citation This is followed within round brackets by the year of publication This can be followed by an optional full citation The text within braces is the code used to refer to the document in the cite command The remainder 220 Managing your References of the text is the material to be included in the bibliography The command is defined in the class or in an added package and effects the formatting of the part of the part of the bibliography included between the following braces If you get a undefined try something like def newblock hskip 11em plus 33em minus 07em 15 1 Introduction 221
148. horizontal gap moves this text to the end of the line 4 4 4 Document Structure If your document contains only textual material you are now almost ready to produce it in IATFX The proper use of IATFX demands that you structure your document If you are writing a book book class there is provision to divide your book into e parts e chapters e sections e subsections e sub subsections e paragraphs e sub paragraphs Not all books have the complete structure For example this book has chapters sections and subsections Many books only have chapters and sections and some only chapters For the article class parts and chapters are not available 54 Basic ATRX Syntax The structure of a book or thesis can be more complicated than this The book class provides three commands frontmatter mainmatter and backmatter After the command frontmatter one places a preface acknowledgements contents lists of figures lists of tables etc as required We can use the starred versions of the sectioning commands in the front matter After the mainmatter command one places the main content of the document After the backmatter command one places the appendix appendix command bib liography and similar items If you are writing an article the first thing that you should do is specify the structure of your document By structure we mean the division of the paper into sections and subsections You may of course insert new o
149. hours The web site http tug org utilities texconv pctotex html is devoted to the task of transferring documents from a word processor to ATEX I have used simple copy and paste to to move large segments from word processing documents to ATEX I would then enter remaining material directly in my ATEX editor Again for short documents the transfer should not be to onerous and completed in a few hours I have found that direct translation from word processors to ATFX generates some very complicated ATEX code Any editing of these files may be very complicated In general I would avoid such translations if possible Abiword and LibreOffice can import documents in MS Word formats and Save as or Export the document in ATEX format This will attempt to maintain the format and pagination of the original word processing documents To obtain the advantages of ATEX will in most cases require further editing 9 4 Some Statistical Econometric Packages and ATEX 9 4 1 Eviews and PT X An EViews to ATfX add in is available at http www eviews com Addins addins This is intended to convert regression output and other tables generated by EViews to a TFX format Such output will require editing to produce acceptable versions of the tables At least one does not have to re key the numbers Graphs generated by Eviews can be saved as eps and transformed to pdf using epstopdf 9 4 Some Statistical Econometric Packages and ATX 153 9
150. ic information in BibT X format You probable need to spe cify your searches tightly as otherwise you will probably get a lot of candidate entries You can of course edit these items using the earlier tabs In particular you may wish to edit the BibTEX key Bibliographic information in BIBT X format is also available from Google http books google com 214 Managing your References 15 1 2 Citations using the natbib package and the Bib X data base The citations and references in this paper were produced by the natbib package 1 In the preamble I load the natbib package usepackage natbib The natbib package extends the citation and bibliography facilities available in BTEX A reference sheet for natbib is available on my MiKTeX installation at C MiKTeX 2 9 doc latex natbib natnotes pdf and a complete manual at C MikTeX 2 9 doc latex natbib natbib pdf 2 natbib replaces the basic cite command in ETRX with citet for textual and citep for citations in brackets Variants of these commands are shown below citet Camp97 citet chap 2 Camp97 citep Camp97 citep chap 2 Camp97 Xciteplseel Camp97 citep see chap 2 Camp97 citet Camp97 citep Camp97 Campbell et al Campbell et al Campbell et al 1997 Campbell et al 1997 see Campbell et al 1997 see Campbell et al 11997 Campbell Lo and MacKinlay 1997 Campbell Lo and MacKinlay 1997 A Various extensions
151. ile your ATEX file with the option syncTeX 1 you create a file filename synctex gz This file contains all the information necessary to navigate between the IATFX file and the pdf 1 If you right click at any point in the ATEX file and select Go to PDF in the drop down menu you will be transferred to the corresponding point in the pdf file 2 Similarly If you right click at any point in the pdf file and select Go to Source in the drop down menu you will be transferred to the corresponding point in the TEX file 3 When you run the Build and View process the pdf file will be opened at the point corresponding to the position of the cursor in the ATX file 3 5 Previewing Output as you type In figure the equation in lines 91 to 94 have been selected Right clicking on the selected area and then selecting Preview Selection Parenthesis or A1t P displays the output of the selected area below the selected area You can then edit within the selected area and watch the effect of your changes as you make them You turn preview off by right clicking and selecting Clear Inline Preview 3 6 TeXtablet Entering Math freehand in KTpX In Windows TeXstudio can use the textablet program to translate mathematical equa tions handwritten on the screen to BTX input This uses the Math input Panel available in Windows It did not work well for me using a mouse to write some mathematics I 21 presume that this also works for Windows 8 but I have not
152. ing brace operates e In in line mode F x int_ infty xf u du produces F x J f u du 78 Mathematics in ATEX There are a variety of other Display Math environments which cater for instances such as equations that are too long to fit on one line aligned systems of equations matrices etc We shall return to these later after looking at some mathematical components which can be used to build mathematical expressions In many of the examples here I give the ATEX code or command required to produce some effect in your document If you are using TeXstudio or one of the other modern IXT X interfaces you do not have to remember this code In TeXstudio it will be available either in the operator boxes on the extreme left hand side of your screen or through menus or using auto completion Other systems will offer also provide some similar aids to the writer What you see here is the effect of using the relevant gui aids 5 3 Components of Mathematical Expressions 5 3 1 Fractions Fractions are set in math mode using the command frac num den command where num and den are the numerator and denominator respectively of the fraction In in line mode it is often better to set the fraction as 1 x 1 x72 1 1 x which gives 1 2 1 2 1 1 zx rather than frac 1 x 1 x72 frac 1 1 x which gives Hs and may disturb normal line spacing in your document You could try both and keep the one that you prefer Exam
153. ion function S x is the alpha stable distribution function and i sqrt 1 The text sign t function is defined as begin equation label s eq st04 text sign t left begin array 11 1 amp t lt O MM 0 amp t 0 189 1 amp t gt 0 end array right end equation chapter Data Definitions and Sources label ap data chapter Computer Programs fancyhead LE RO Section thesection section Packages newpage section Special Routines backmatter bibliographystyle plainnat fancyhead fancyhead RO LE Bibliography bibliography C Home bibliographies stable end document CHAPTER 13 Setting Exercises and Examination Papers with ATEX The file exam cls provides the exam document class which attempts to make it easy for even a IATFX novice to prepare exams This class is provided by the exam package If this package is missing from your system it may be installed using either the MiK TeX or Tex Live package management systems A user guide is available at http www math mit edu psh exam examdoc pdf The following description of the package is taken from the introduction to this manual The references in the quoted material are to sections of the manual Specifically exam cls sets the page layout so that there are one inch margins all around no matter what size paper you re using and provides commands that make it easy to
154. ironments On occasion the code may compile but produce unintended output This kind of error can only be caught during proof reading On other occasions Tex will produce no output or only part of the output On such occasions error messages will be produced during the TeX run These error messages can take one of four formats e Error messages beginning with Error These are errors that the underlying TEX program detects e Error messages beginning with LaTeX Error These are errors that the ATX system detects 230 Errors and Warnings e Error messages beginning with LaTeX lt package gt Error where lt package gt is the name of the package which detects the error If a solution is not obvious you should consult the package documentation e Warning messages Warnings are not as serious as errors A warning message generally means that the output has compiled but IATFX thinks that it does not look as well as it should Probably a line of text or a graph has overflowed into the margins or a page is short or long In an ideal world one might fix all warnings For a beginner if the problem is minor leave it go for the time being I will discuss below some of the ways of solving such problems if they have a significant effect on our document Often it is better to fix warnings during the final proof reading as amendments made elsewhere may cause the problem to go away 17 2 Errors Below I give a commentary on few examples o
155. is robust Using the package may be reasonable if you have lots of fragile commands that you need to use in moving arguments 72 Basic ATEX Syntax In short the situation is confusing No one believes this is satisfactory the BTEX team have removed the need for protection of some things but the techniques available in current LaTeX mean that this is an expensive exercise It remains a long term aim of the team to remove all need for protection CHAPTER 5 Mathematics in ATEX Probably the main reason many of you are reading this is you are writing a paper or dissertation which will contain some mathematics and you have seen some work done with IATFX and were impressed Davidson and MacKinnon 2004 and 2000 are just two examples of the many books on econometrics that acknowledge the use of ET X Varian s two Microeconomics texts 1992 2010 are further examples of the use of ATFX in economics LXT X has two methods of setting mathematical material e In line Mathematics i e mathematics embedded within text For example we might write 2 y x 2xy y where the equation appears to be part of the text or e Display Mathematics i e Equations or other mathematics set on a separate line For example x y x 2ry y and the equation is set or displayed on a separate line 74 Mathematics in ATEX 5 1 In line Mathematics The production of in line mathematics is illustrated i
156. item 1 of this environment are produced by the colorbox environment provided by the tcolorbox package see section probably sup plemented by the Verbatim environment in the fancyverb package see subsec tion 8 11 1 3 Boxes which contain ATEX code in their upper portion and the output of that code in the lower These are produced using the methods described on page 30 of the tcolorbox manual 4 5 11 Fragile Robust Commands and the protect command The concept of fragile versus robust ATFX commands is a source of confusion to many beginners The problems that arise from fragile IATFX is best explained by an ex ample Consider the ATEX code in the following box section Section Heading footnotemark footnotetext Some text It looks very simple but if you insert it into a ATEX document that has no errors several errors appear The problem arises from the fact that the code contains movable text The title of the section will appear in the section heading in the table of contents and possibly in page headings Recall that TX processes a file by reading straight through it If on page 3 it encounters a reference to an equation on a later page it is unable to resolve that reference on a first run Here I am trying to insert a footnote into a chapter heading Recall that ATEX processes a file by reading straight through it If on page 3 it encounters a reference to an equation on a later page it is unable to resolve that
157. izard to generate the code latab Produce LTRX output from the stata command tabulate See http ideas repec org c boc bocode s430001 html latabstat The stata command tabstat produces a table giving various summary stat istics latabstat produces corresponding results in ATEX code See http www ats ucla edu stat stata latex tabstat_stata htm listtex List a variable list to a file or to the log for inclusion in a TX HTML or word processor table See http ideas repec org c boc bocode s423201 html maketex Creates a ATX file from the using file See http econpapers repec org software bocbocode s424301 htm outreg Write formatted regression output to a text file Should work after any estimation command See http www kellogg northwestern edu rc stata outreg htm outtable Output a matrix to a TEX table See http econpapers repec org software bocbocode s419501 htm outtex Generates ATEX code for results tables after any estimation command See http www ats ucla edu stat stata latex estimates htm sutex generates ATEX code for summary statistics tables stata summarize command See http www ats ucla edu stat stata latex list_variables htm 158 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX 9 5 Other Software and PTRX 9 5 1 GIMP GIMP is a free open source image manipulation program which has a lot of the functionality of the commercial PhotoShop I sometimes use the Windows snipping tool to produ
158. l user interface to the IAT X system that simplifies the preparation of a ATEX document It is important to remember that programs such as TeXstudio and the other programs mentioned in chapter are simply interfaces to a TeX FATEX system A separate TeX I4TEX system must be installed before the program can be used The main features of TeXstudio include e A way of entering and editing your text In TeXstudio the standard File Edit Search etc menu items work in the same way as in a Windows progran e Menus and or buttons provide access to most ATEX commands mark up e In the editor ATEX commands are colour highlighted to distinguish them from the text e Inserted brackets are automatically closed Where I mention Windows program I do so for convenience only Similar facilities are available in Linux and Apple OS software 30 Installing and using TeXstudio Auto completion If you type the first letters of a ATFX command a list of possible completions appear in a drop down box Command completions may be selected from the drop down box using the up down cursor or mouse and the enter key If the list is long you can add more letters to the start of the command which will reduce the list of possible completions If you hover the cursor over certain basic TEX commands a bubble tool tip appears and displays summary syntax and help for the command If you right click over a ATEX command the resulting drop dow
159. lass one sided output is suggested for the initial submission and two sided for the final submission A 12 point font is suggested but you may wish to change this to 11 or 10 2 You may wish to work in a language other than UK English which is proposed here 3 The setspace allows you to adjust line spacing Check what is required 4 The geometry package allows you to set page margins Note you may require different settings for one sided and two sided output For presentation purposes I have divided the thesis file into two parts 1 The preamble 2 the document contents The contents of each part can be cut from the listings and pasted into a file in TeXstu dio 180 Writing your Thesis with TX Skeleton preamble for a thesis Skeleton file for a Thesis fulfilling TCD requirements 2012 13 There are two documentclass statements The first gives one sided output for initial submission the second two sided for the final submission 4 documentclass 12pt a4paper fleqn oneside book documentclass 12pt a4paper fleqn twoside book The default language for LATEX is American English The babel package provides facilities for the use of LATEX in other languages Loading babel with the british option allows on to change the default to UK English Language Packages Many other languages can be accommodated with an appropriate option See table 11 1 usepackage british babel
160. last resort produces last resort e The double dash n dash can be used to describe a range e g 1990 2012 produces 1990 2012 and June September produces June September e The triple dash m dash may replace commas semicolons colons and par entheses It may also be used to indicate added emphasis an interruption or an abrupt change of thought In formal writing it is better to use comas semicolons colons or parenthesis Dots The command ldots makes an ellipsis i e this may also be used in math mode 4 5 6 Line and Page Breaking IATRX is very good at line and page breaking If you have finished your paper and you do wish to do some fine tuning to the line and page breaks then it does provide the necessary facilities You should not attempt to make such adjustments until you are completely sure that you have the absolutely final version of your paper If you are composing your 62 Basic ATRX Syntax thesis from a collection of earlier papers I would recommend that you leave all fine tuning until the thesis is finalised If you wish to keep two or more words on the same line you can join them with e g John Frain will keep John and Frain on the same line The command ends a line within a paragraph and continues on the next line The examples in the previous subsections were produced using this command The command newpage terminates the current page and resumes on the next p
161. le 168 Writing a paper with PT X The default language for XIX is American English The babel package provides facilities for the use of TEX in other languages Loading babel with the british option allows on to change the default to UK English Language Packages usepackage british babel Many other languages can be accommodated with an appropriate option See table 21 1 Several languages may be specified in the options on the babel statement The last such language specified is the default for the document It is possible to switch to one of the other languages specified for a portion of the document See the babel manual and http www ctan org pkg babel Most modern keyboards are language specific With a suitable editor characters specific to a language can be entered into XIX from the keyboard This will not lead to any problem unless one is collaborating with a second author whoo uses another keyboard In such the inputenc package provides a solution to the problem The option usepackage latin1 inputenc can represent most European languages You may not need this package In early T X systems accented characters such as 6 were produced by 7 overprinting the 0 with The contenc package with the T1 option adds the accented character and many other characters to IATRX usepackage T1 fontenc textcomp adds various text symbols to IAT X usep
162. le environment and the obligatory column justification is a single letter specifying the justification of each column of the array c for centred 1 for flush left r for flush right Column entries are separated by an amp Column entries may include other LaTeX com mands Each row of the array must be terminated with the string The use of the array statement is illustrated in example This equation relates to the inversion of lag polynomials and is taken from page 373 of 2000 Note the alignment of the w s and s 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 95 Example 5 22 Array environment begin fequation labelfex array2 beginfarray r1111ll1r text constant amp quad psi_0 amp amp amp 1 AN L 1 amp quad psi_ 1 amp phi_ 0 amp amp amp amp 0 AN L7 2 amp quad psi_ 2 amp phi_1 psi_1 phi_2 psi_0 amp amp amp amp 0 Xcdots amp amp cdots amp amp amp 0 L p 1 amp quad psi_ p 1 amp phi_1 psi_ p 2 amp phi_2 psi_ p 3 amp cdots amp phi_ p 1 psi_ 0 amp amp 0 L p amp quad psi_ p amp phi_1 psi_ p 1 amp phi_2 psi_ p 2 amp cdots amp phi_ p 1 psi_ 1 amp phi_ p psi_ 0 amp 0 L p 1 amp quad psi_ pt1 amp phi_i psi_ p amp phi_2 psi_ p 1 amp cdots amp phi_ p 1 psi_ 2 amp phi_ p psi_ 1 amp 0 L7 p 2 amp quad psi_ p 2 amp phi_1 psi_ pt1 amp phi_2 psi_ p am
163. lection of important packages It is useful as a quick reference volume oss Vo Presentations wit ac ackage whic om V Vofs 2012b P ith IA Which Pack hich C mand which Syntax Lehmanns Media GmbH This contains a good account of the beamer package 18 3 Free Publications There is a lot of good free material on TFX available on the web Much of this is also available in a standard MiKTeX or TeX Live installation The following four items are recommended Berry K S Gilmore and T Martinsen 2012 ATEX Structured documents for T X unofficial ATpxXreference manual On those published by UIT the author s sirname is given as Voss The volume published by lehmanns media give Vof as sirname 240 Further Reading This is a reference manual for base TR X It can be accessed in pdf or html format from the TeXstudio help menu It is also available for download in various formats from http home gna org latexrefman 2011 Formatting information An introduction to typesetting with ATX Silmaril Consultants This book is available in pdf format or as html from http latex silmaril ie as the title sets out it is more about typesetting than setting mathematics 2010 The Not So Short Introduction to ATpX 2 Oetiker and Contributors This is a highly recommended introduction to IATFX It is available on my MiK TeX installation at C MiKTeX 2 9 doc guides lshort english The latest versi
164. lf is through the command line but gret1 provides a GUI to gnuplot which allows one to amend various aspects of a chart e g axis labels legends scales etc IN summary gretl not only provides good facilities for econometric analysis but also one of the best interfaces between an econometric package and ATRX contains further material on gretl The latest version of that document may be down loaded from Chapter 35 of the gretl user s manual 2014 contains details of the interface between gretl and ATEX 154 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX 9 4 3 MATLAB and Octave MATLAB publish function The Matlab publish functions allow one to produce formatted reports in a variety of formats including IATFX the easiest way to access these functions is through the Matlab graphical user interface The interface produces IAT X code which should be processed by a TFX program Details are available in the Matlab Help files MATLAB Octave Graphics MATLAB generates a great variety of excellent graphics You may save these in pdf format using the File Save as and specify Save as type pdf or using the command print filename pdf dpdf in your script Both Matlab and Octave offer extensive and flexible facilities that can be used to produce publication quality graphics for inclusion in ATEX documents MATweave An alternative approach MATweave has been proposed by Neil Lawrence staffvww des shef ac uk people N La
165. llough and Heiser 2008 from which the following quote is taken Excel 2007 like its predecessors fails a standard set of intermediate level accuracy tests in three areas statistical distributions random number generation and estimation Ad ditional errors in specific Excel procedures are discussed Microsoft s continuing inability 150 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX x Field options Character set western Europe Windows 1252 WinLatin y Cancel Field delimiter la y Text delimiter y Help I Save cell content as shown Tl Quote all text cells T Fixed column width Figure 9 1 Enter Text File Dialogue If you have tables in Gnumeric they can be saved directly in MIX format This gives results similar to those obtained using the procedure described above for Calc The delimited file export facilities in Gnumeric are also very flexible and it is possible to follow a scheme similar to that described above for Calc 9 2 2 Spreadsheet Graphs I often find that graphs produced in Excel are often a bit clumsy or unwieldy They look better in powerpoint presentations than in printed material Perhaps this is an indication of my lack of knowledge of Excel and a more experienced Excel user might make better use of the spreadsheet graphics facilities than me I do find it easier to produce publication quality graphics in other software I think that Excel graphs are aimed at business marketing u
166. manual begin Verbatim format com color red first Verbatim line second Verbatim line end Verbatim source fancyvrb manual first Verbatim line second Verbatim line e Change individual line formatting f Change font family the fontfamily option allows one to change the font family 8 11 Verbatim Packages 143 to use in the verbatim text The font families tt default courier and helvetica are predefined Example 8 8 shows how to change the font used in verbatim test to helvetica Example 8 8 Example of change of font family in a Verbatim environment source app fancyvrb manual begin Verbatim fontfamily helvetica first Verbatim line second Verbatim line end Verbatim source fancyvrb manual first Verbatim line second Verbatim line g Change font size The fontsize option allows you to change the font size in the verbatim text If you also use the relsize package you can specify a change of font relative to the current font Example 8 9 reduces the font size in the verbatim text by two steps This process is most useful if some lines in your verbatim test overflow the page when the current font size is used Example 8 9 Example of change of font size in a Verbatim environment begin Verbatim first Verbatim line second Verbatim line end Verbat im begin Verbatim fontsize relsize 2 first Verbatim line second Verbatim line end Verbat im first Verbatim
167. matics setting tables figures including graphs generated in other applications listing contents and compiling bibliographies and indices A beginner need only select those facilities that he needs The beauty of ATRX is that you give it your content and then allow it to format the document The preparation of a ATX document is facilitated by the use of one of the modern Graphical User Interfaces described in chapters 3 and My current recommended interface is TeXstudio chapter 3 This system was used in the production of this book IATRX is a large system Here I cover those parts of IATFX and its extensions that I have found useful in my own work or that colleagues have asked me about There may be better ways to completing some tasks than those I have proposed If the reader knows of such improvements or considers that some extensions packages that I have not covered are essential I would be glad to hear from them Including such suggestions in a future edition of this volume would add to its usefulness I would also welcome any other comments This document was produced with ATEX and if you download and examine it you will get some idea of what can be accomplished with IAT X It probably contains a material that you would never use b some material that might be of use at a future date and c material that meets your current requirements You can safely ignore the material at a postpone reading b and concentrate on c I
168. me you would substitute the actual name of a file for filename In general you should substitute the required value of a parameter option file name or similar for material in an example set in an italic mono spaced font such as filename I have often used boxes to set examples of ATEX code See for example figure 1 1 The output of this IATFX code is given in the box in figure 1 2 I also use boxes such as that in example 4 4 on page 52 The top portion of such boxes contains the ATRX code producing the output in the lower portion of the box To access various features of Windows or a GUI based interface to ATEX we use a bold font as follows 10 Introduction Start gt All Programs MiKTeX 2 9 This implies that you click on Start then All Programs then MiKTeX 2 9 The standard Open File in the editor would be given as File gt Open 1 7 A Simple Example Anything after a on a line is a comment Preamble documentclass article title A first LaTeX document author A N Other Number 1 University thanks Thanks to those who aided me with this document Contents of document begin document maketitle tableofcontents section Introduction This is a basic LaTeX document More text section Development subsection Early Developments Text text text subsection Later Developments Text text text section Conclusions Text text text end document
169. ms which include several variants of TFX including TEX a large number of helper programs and additional packages Thus the terminology IXT X installation program is not very exact but we continue to use it to describe what might be more accurately described as a T X system 21 have recently installed Tex Live on Windows 8 1 and I have encountered no problems 2 2 Installing ATEX 15 PC there is no reason why you should change to MiKTeX The main visible difference between the two systems lies in their management systems If you have access to a fast internet connection the easiest way to install IATFX is to download proTeXt which is a user friendly MiKTeX based distribution for Windows ProTeXt is available as a self extracting archive currently ProTeXt 3 1 3 060313 exe from Download the file and save it in an appropri ate place Open Windows Explorer and go to the downloaded file Double click on the file and a protext directory is created This directory contains the install program protext Setup exe There is an excellent installation manual protext install en pdf in the Install subdirectory protext lol x Language English y Manual Open MiKTex Install Uninstall TeXMakerX Install Uninstall a Figure 2 1 ProTeXt Start up Window When you run the install program you will be presented with the window in figure 2 1 You can use the Uninstall button to remove any previous version of MiK TeX
170. n Note the following 1 In the first line the abbreviations are printed without any spacing between the parts of each abbreviation While the i e may look OK my name does not Note that as explained above the period after the e is taken as marking the end of a sentence and a wider space is inserted 2 In the second line a thin space is inserted after the i the J and the C This approach would be followed by the traditional typesetter who allows extra space after a sentence Apart from my bibliography this is the approach used in this book 3 In the third line full spaces are given after my initials This is the approach used by the bibliography style used in this book 52 Basic ATRX Syntax In general these commands should be used sparingly There is one exception A ATRX command ends in a space and multiple spaces are regarded as a single space The com mand LaTeX outputs ATEX The code LaTeX document produces lTEXdocument which is missing the space between TEX and document To achieve the required result insert a space command e g LaTeX document produces TEX document which is correct Note that LaTeX document produces also produces the same text ATEX document The command ends a line and text continues on the next line The command is the same as the ordinary command except that it tells ATX not to start a new page until the next line has been output Recall that
171. n list environments e g itemize enumerate as used in this example to be displayed The pause command is used to display parts of a frame in sequence The first pause command will cause the material in the frame as far as that pause to be displayed Thus when you are presenting your material the slide will display only the first block The next slide will contain the first block and the material in the second block as far as the next pause command The process is repeated until the you reach the end of the frame You can insert graphs and figures in exactly the same way as you insert them in your basic document In this slide we enter an equation some text and an equation structure Again this is done in a similar way as in an ordinary document 14 3 The Presentation 203 14 15 16 17 In this slide we put the equation and the structure in two separate blocks with a pause separating the two blocks The slides on pages to do not show the effects of the pause commands If you wish to include verbatim text in a frame you must use the fragile option to the frame environment e g begin frame fragile frametitle verbatim text begin verbatim Material in a verbatim environment is included in the final document exactly as typed in that environment Even special characters which have special meanings in Hips suda Es e Do By Bo o 29 o Lo Po Ne are produced as is Verbatim is an extended version of the ve
172. n menu contains an item open package documentation LaTeX document This link brings you to the material on the command in 2012 Help for AT eX commands is also available through the help menu item Wizards are available which enable you to construct or insert more complicated structures e g tables graphs using a system of menus and dialogues If If you right click over a command from a IATFX package the resulting drop down menu contains an item open package documentation package name You can view the structure list of chapters sections subsections etc as appro priate of your document in a separate structure window This structure window allows you to easily go to chapters sections subsection etc by right clicking on the relevant entry in the structure TeXstudio helps with setting up and using internal references in your documents to sections figures pages footnotes the bibliography etc Access to a spell checker in a variety of languages A previewer which allows you a live view of sections of your document For example if you are setting a complicated mathematical expression you can set preview on for that equation and have a live view of the effect of your mark up as you enter it An integrated pdf viewer that is linked to the original TFX file If you successfully compile your file place the cursor over a word in the ATRX file and CTRL left mouse button transfers you to the corresponding
173. n the article book beamer and possible the report class Changing one s format to satisfy the requirements of a publisher who specifies a ATEX class often requires little more than changing the documentclass statement and in cluding the relevant usepackage statement options is a comma separated list of options The most important options to the documentclass statement are 10pt 11pt 12pt sets the default font size for basic text in the document For the basic classes the default is 10 point This book is set in 11 point portrait landscape Print in portrait or landscape mode Default is portrait mode a4paper a5paper b5paper letterpaper legalpaper lexecutivepaper Specify paper size Check default on your system which may be letter paper I usually include a4paper this in my options oneside twoside When class is book this allow one to use separate formats for left and right hand pages the default is oneside for the article class onecolumn twocolumn uses single column or double column text onecolumn is the default leqno sets equation numbers on left hand side of equation if allowed by document class The powerdot package is an alternative presentation package for IATFX The interested reader should consult Voss Vof 2012b 5A publisher may also specify a special format for the bibliography and his class will usually be accompanied by an appropriate file that will automate the process See
174. n the following box which replicates some material from Davidson and MacKinnon 2004 page 164 At this stage don t worry about the ATFX commands included in these examples In general they can be inserted using a mouse to select items from drop down lists or using the auto completion facilities available in your editor Example 5 1 Material quoted from Davidson and MacKinnon 2004 page 164 The bootstrap test rejects if r B lt alpha that is if r lt B alpha Under the null the probability that this inequality is satisfied is the proportion of the B 1 possible values of r that satisfy it If we denote by llalpha B the largest integer that is smaller than alpha B it is easy to see that there are exactly alpha B 1 such values of r namely 0 1 dots alpha BI Thus the probability of rejection is alpha B 1 B 1 The bootstrap test rejects if r B lt a that is if r lt Ba Under the null the probability that this inequality is satisfied is the proportion of the B 1 possible values of r that satisfy it If we denote by aB the largest integer that is smaller than aB it is easy to see that there are exactly aB 1 such values of r namely 0 1 aB Thus the probability of rejection is aB 1 B 1 Note in particular that e In line mathematics is started and ended by a characters e The math symbols e g can be accessed from the symbols panels in the structure pa
175. n this will generally lead to a satisfactory result Other document classes may have different defaults Generally ATFX makes a good job of placing your tables If you have a lot of tables and figures you may not be happy with what it does If IAT X has build up a number of floats which it has been unable to place the command clearpage ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed For those who require more there is an extended account on how to manage the placement of tables and other floats at the following link BTEX Stack Exchange Link Some Journals ask you to include tables at the end of the paper The package endfloat allows the placement of all floats at the end of the paper e If the caption is to be placed under the table you now insert the content of your table before the caption and label statements If the caption is to be inserted on top of the table you place the caption and label statements before the table content e The Table Title is the title of the table that will be printed under the table and in the list of tables if required e The key is a label that can be used to refer to the table elsewhere in the document using the ATEX command ref key LXT X looks after the numbering of your tables If you insert an extra table early in 102 Tables your document ATEX will renumber all subsequent tables and revise all references to t
176. nd a half spacing doublespacing Double spacing Line spacing is best set in the preamble where it will hold for the entire document To set line spacing at one and a half spacing for the document include 8 5 American Mathematical Society AMS Packages 127 usepackage setspace onehalf spacing in the document preamble 8 4 2 geometry The geometry package allows one to change page margins See http www ctan org pkg geometry The package allows one to set various details of the page layout The following test specifies left and right margins of 3 5 cm and top and bottom margins of 5 cm for a one sided document usepackage la4paper left 3 5cm right 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry For two sided output one can use inner and outer margins rather than left and right To cater for binding the inner margin might be larger than the outer Thus we might specify usepackage a4paper inner 4 5cm outer 3 5cm top 5cm bottom 5cm geometry 8 5 American Mathematical Society AMS Packages The amsmath package is distributed together with some small auxiliary packages amsmath Primary package provides various features for displayed equations and other mathematical constructs amstext Provides a text command for typesetting a fragment of text inside a display equation 128 Other Useful Packages amsopn Provides DeclareMathOperator for defining new operator names like
177. nel extreme left hand side of the TeXstudio window About 400 symbols are available from this source As mentioned in many extra symbols are listed in 2009 You can also get a symbol by starting to type the symbol and selecting the symbol from the drop down window that is generated 1A gentle reminder Boxes labelled as Example n m have IATFX code in the upper part and the output of this code in the lower part In line math modes can also be separated from text mode by pairs which is a short cut for begin math end math pairs These latter two versions are not robust and may cause problems I mention them only because they may be included in other PX documents that you may encounter In your own work you should use the pair In the rarely used alltt environment it is better to use the pair see Voss Vo page 2 5 2 The equation and equation Environments e Many of the facilities available in Display Math can also be used in in line math e Leaving out the closing is one of the most common errors that occur in preparing a ATEX document Be very careful As a practical matter I first enter both the starting and finishing and then enter the in line mathematics between the two symbols The same mathematical symbols characters are used in both in line and display mathem atics If you are using TeXstudio almost all of the commonly used symbols are available on one of the mathematical symbol ico
178. ner if the problem is minor leave it go for the time being I will discuss below some of the ways of solving such problems id they have a significant effect on our document Often it is better to fix warnings during the final proof reading as amendments made elsewhere may cause the problem to go away A warning such as overfull hbox 48 90923pt too wide in paragraph at lines 716 717 simply indicates that the IATFX code at lines 716 717 has caused the text to over flow the margins by about 2 3 of an inch 72 27 points 1 inch see section 16 3 The cause of this problem was the use of in line verbatim text In line verbatim text can not be broken across a line so AT EXmust decide to include it on the current line which will then be to long or to move it to the next line leaving excess space on the current line It is leaving the solution up to us We can then either 1 Add a before the verbatim text to force the verbatim text to the next line leaving some space at the end of the current line 2 Perhaps redraft the sentence in such a way to prevent the text overflowing 3 Perhaps break the verbatim statement into two in such a way that the first part fits onto the line without overflowing 17 3 Warnings 235 If the error message arises from a figure that is to wide then include a width parameter in the includegraphics statement There is a similar underfull vbox message when the line is short and space is very stretched to
179. ng features e An editor to compose revise and edit the document The editor might have The usual type of menu bar for various file editing etc commands A set of keyboard short cuts for important functions Access to help for ATEX commands Icons giving access to a good selection of the mathematical and other symbols available in ATEX 162 Other ATEX Editors TeX works TeX Maker etc Icons menu items giving access to various TFX functions and environments Help with source code formatting Keyword emphasis or colouring Assistance with parentheses etc Automatic closing of TEX environments Code completion for various ATEX commands For example one should be able to type the first few letters of a ATEX command and then the IDE should be able to complete the command Ability to display labels and BiBT X references e The capability to manage a TFX project spread over several files e Easy navigation through a file or between files e Access to individual TEX commands and or Build combinations of such com mands through menus and or icons e The ability to view and navigate the finished or partially completed document to move from a point in the TeX document to the corresponding point in the finished or partially completed document and to move from a point in the finished or partially completed document to the corresponding point in the ATEX document A compr
180. ng the dvi approach you can only use eps format files If you wish to use pdflatex and your analysis software produces images in eps format then the images must be converted to pdf before being used There are several ways to do this 1 My preferred way to do this conversion is to use the program epstopdf to convert each eps file to a pdf format epstopdf calls the ghostscript program to do the conversion The program epstopdf is run in a command window epstopdf gfzlename eps where gfilename eps is the name of the eps graphics file to be converted By default this produces a pdf file gfilename pdf with the same name and the 120 Graphics file extension replaced by pdf Further details are available at http www ctan org tex archive support epstopdf 2 The process can also be achieved by loading the epstopdf package after the graphicx package usepackage graphicx usepackage epstopdf If the epstopdf package is loaded and TFX finds a eps and no corresponding pdf it generates the required pdf file If both files exist it just imports the pdf file If you insert an amended version of the eps file you must remember to manually delete the older pdf file Otherwise the pdf file will not be updated Links to a manual for this package are available at waw ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib oberdiek 3 Appendix A of 2008 contains additional material on producing pdf output Sometimes you may find
181. nment produces 1 The first item 2 The second item 3 The third item 8 9 Page Styles and the fancyhdr package 8 9 1 Page styles in base TX A good reference for the material in this section is section 16 7 of Wiki Colaboration 2013 The IATFX defaults for headers and footers depend on the document class in use They will be satisfactory for most users If you are preparing material for publication it is possible that the publishers style file contains specific instruction for headers and footers If so the publisher s instructions should contain the necessary instructions to reproduce these details with MIX If you are writing a book or long document you may wish to change the content of your headers and footers to aid the reader in negotiating the 136 Other Useful Packages document The remaining material in this section is only relevant if you wish to change the defaults A short explanation of the defaults and some terminology is necessary before we consider how to change them A page in a publication consists of three parts 1 a header 2 the text and 3 a footer In the front matter in this book preface table of contents the page number is placed in the centre of the footer and the headers are empty In the main matter there are different headers on the even and odd numbered pages On the even numbered pages the page number is on the outside and the chapter title on the inside edge On the odd numbered p
182. nner The default in TeXstudio when it finds an error is to attempt a form of Tf this window is not displayed then View Messages Log File will restore it 17 2 Errors 231 wrest een sewn neon eno owe en owe ween Messages tab will display 16 Latex Some common errors are begin enumerate m7 an Ey TE vens ssr m nan nF thn aren ns an nhs ws meman Line 16 Visual column 0 Text column 0 INSERT Messages Log File Errors Process started C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin pdflatex exe interaction nonstopmode synctex 1 ma Process exited with error s Figure 17 1 Example of messages window after an error s3 Messages tab will display 16 E Some common errors are begin enumerate RETEST PINE Sc es eee RN PRA pe ee ee eR WO he ee ne ie rae Line 16 Visual column 0 Text column 0 INSERT Messages Log File Errors section15 tex error line 16 Undefined control sequence LateX section1 tex bad box line 83 Overfull hbox 5 96315pt too wide in paragraph Figure 17 2 Example of Errors Tab after an Error correction and continue to the end of the file if possible or at least beyond the first error Thus if you are working with TeXstudio you should ignore such instructions When LXT X has finished processing your document you should then try to correct the errors in the editor The Next LaTeX Error and Previous LaTeX Error commands allow to ge
183. ns at the extreme left of the TeXstudio window Most other ATEX GUIs have a similar facility If you can not find the symbol that you require consult Pakin 2009 The Comprehensive ATRX Symbol List which contains 5913 symbols and the corresponding ATEX commands that produce them 5 2 The equation and equation Environments The equation and equation environments are the first two display math environments that most users encounter Display math is math that is set apart from text as in Example 5 2 Example 5 2 Further material quoted from Davidson and MacKinnon 2004 page 164 If we equate the probability to alpha begin fequation alpha B 1 alpha B 1 end equation Since the dots If we equate the probability to a a B 1 laB 1 Since the Recall that there are various ways in which TeXstudio can facilitate the entry of ATEX commands The methods described here can be used in most circumstances 1 Use the menu item Math gt Numbered Equation This enters the begin equation 76 Mathematics in ATEX and end equation statements for the environment Add an to the beginfequation statement In TeXstudio it will automatically be added to the end equation statement On the extreme left hand side of your screen click on the box contain ing a A Greek letters and click on a The remainder of the equation apart from the second a can be entered from the keyboard 2 T
184. o be transferred onto one Instead of 2 on 1 you could use 4 on 1 and add landscape to the options The a4paper specifies that the handout is to be on A4 paper The mode lt handout gt setbeamercolor background canvas bg black 4 com mand puts a faint grey background on the slides in the handout Omit this is you feel that it does not add to your handout 14 4 Handouts etc Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds Charles Mackay Illustrated London News 1 ed 1841 2 ed 1852 Comments by mail to Illustrated London News Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd introduction Summary introduction Bubbles o Mississippy Scheme South Sea Bubble o Tulipmania Analysis o Tulips o The Model o Alternative Display of Model Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd 206 Using Beamer for Presentations Mississippy Scheme Bubbles John Law o Banking Family e Gambling o Dueling Mississipy Company Lousiana Trading Company Banque General Bubble and Collapse Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd Bubbles South Sea Bubble Material for Slide Charles Mackay Illustrated London News Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowd 14 4 Handouts
185. of menus and mouse clicks In the diagram the file file tex contains our BTEX input On the left hand side of the dia gram the program pdflatex acts on the tex file and directly produces the pdf file This is the method used by a majority in recent times The first box at the end of this section shows this process operating in a command window in Windows This box illustrates the use of the pdflatex program in compiling a file main pdf from a IATRX file Most of the program output has been suppressed pdflatex exe dvips exe file pdf The process set out on the right is the tradi tional approach and is more complex This is illustrated in the second box at the end SIt is often necessary to run the pdflatex more than once IATFX processes the file in a single pass through the document On the first run of the program forward references to tables figures equations etc can not be resolved as TFX has not encountered the item All referenced tables figures equations etc are also written to an auxiliary file On a second run of the pdflatex program this auxiliary file is read in conjunction with the tex file and the references are resolved TeXstudio recognises the existence of unresolved references and will automatically run the pdflatex program more than once if required Other GUIs may require the user to rerun the pdflatex when this is required 2 6 A TREX system 25 of this section First the basic AT
186. ommands of this type are below e textbf tert writes text in bold font Example textbf this is a good example of bold text produces this is a good example of bold text e textit tert writes text in italic font Example textit this is a good example of italic text produces this is a good example of italic text e underline tezt writes text in underlined produces Example underline this is a good example of underlined text produces this is a good example of underlined text e emph tert writes text in an emphasised font usually italic If you use emph within your emphasised text it produces normal text Example emph this is a emph good example of emphasised text produces this is a good example of emphasised text e texttt tert writes text in a typewriter font fixed size Example texttt this is a good example of typewriter font produces this is a good example of typewriter font e textsuperscript arg makes arg a text superscript Example 4 textsuperscript th 60 Basic ATRX Syntax code gives code gives code gives Accents o to o fot 6 o Vio o 0 O o o ufo 6 v o H o t oo c o Q df o o b o O Some Non English Symbols ss aa a ae Symbols Used in both Text and Mathematics dag t ddag t copyright AS S NP q Table 4 4 Some ATEX Text S
187. on 6 I decided to look at some alternatives and changed to Winshell which was my main editor for some years see http en wikipedia org wiki Emacs History 10 7 Winshell 165 10 7 Winshell Winshel1 has a simpler interface to ATX that some people might welcome It is available from hnttp www winshell de 10 8 LyX LyX is a document processing system which can be downloaded from http www lyx Lyx uses a ATEX system to process your documents If you have not already installed such a system it will be installed during the LyX install The LyX screen looks somewhat like a web page Your document is fit to the LyX window that you enter are displayed in a proper mathematical format Equations citations graphs etc are displayed on the screen as they will appear in the final document LyX documents may be exported to ATX in formats suitable for direct processing by ET X pdfIA4T X or other TeX processing systems LyX can also import ATEX documents Complex documents may cause some problems The beamer packagd has special facil ities for preparing presentations with LyX I find LyX a little difficult to use I think that the approach used by many of the other IA4TRX editors is more flexible and quicker to use It may be that when I looked at the program in detail some time ago standard PCs were not powerful enough to readily run it in MS Windows It does however have some devoted proponents who advocate its u
188. on of this document is available from CTAN http tug ctan org tex archive info lshort 2013 ATpx Wikibooks org This publication gathers ma terial from various other free sources The project is being actively developed and I would recommend that you download the latest version from Most XTpXpackages are accompanied by good documentation Some documentation starts with an overview of the package and then gives the code for the package This code is intended for the more expert user and the beginner should concentrate on the first part I use Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 to determine what packages are likely to solve my problem If the explanations and examples in Mittelbach and Goossens 2004 are not sufficient more information is generally available in the manuals Package manuals are generally included in a standard MiKTeX or TeX Live installation On my MiK TeX installation package documentation is in C MiKTeX 2 9 doc latex If you can not find the documentation for a package there try the site http www ctan org pkg which contains an alphabetical list of links to packages For example if I select the link to beamer I am directed to http www ctan org pkg This gives details of the beamer material on CTAN including links to document ation the maintainers of the package and a link to beamer s CTAN directory Here you can find the code for the package and examples of the use of the package The beamer manual i
189. ook you want to convert into ATEX and convert the ranges as individual ATEX files For more information see http www ctan org tex archive support excel2latex Installation instructions are in the Readme file in that directory LibreOffice and OpenOffice are two very similar free open source Office products In 2010 development of OpenOffice ceased and many of the volunteer programmers working on OpenOffice transferred their allegiance to the new LibreOff ic In 2011 work on OpenOffice resumed under the Apache Software Foundation The spreadsheet package in both is known as Calc Currently both versions of Calc are similar and I have LibreOffice can be downloaded from http www libreoffice org download and OpenOffice from http www openoffice org download 9 2 Spreadsheets and TEX 149 used the methods described here in both versions While I now use the LibreOffice version feel free to use the other particularly if you have local support In my own work I use Calc in preference to Excel Calc has some very flexible delimited file output facilities which I have long used to transfer data between programs Calc can use or import data in Excel xls xlsx csv and many other formats I have used it to import to IATFX and other packages data from other programs the web and various data bases The procedure that I use with Calc may be summarised as follows 1 Import the data in columns from the data source
190. oossens M F Mittelbach S Rahtz D Roegel and H Voss 2008 The LaTeX Graphics Companion Addison Wesley series on tools and techniques for computer typesetting Addison Wesley 120 121 197 Goossens M and S Rahtz 1999 The LaTex Web companion integrating TeX HTML and XML Addison Wesley series on tools and techniques for computer typesetting Addison Wesley Longman 239 Gratzer G 2007 More math into LaTeX Springer Hayashi F 2000 Econometrics Princeton University Press Heiberger R M and B Holland 2004 Statistical Analysis And Data Display An In termediate Course With Examples In S Plus R And SAS Springer Texts in Statistics Springer 102 Janert P K 2010 Gnuplot in Action Manning 158 Kindleberger C P 2000 Manias Panics and Crashes A History of Financial Criises Palgrave Kleiber C and A Zeileis 2008 Applied Econometrics with R Springer Kopka H and P Daly 2004 Guide to MT X Addison Wesley series on tools and techniques for computer typesetting Addison Wesley 230 Kottwitz S 2011 LaTeX Beginner s Guide Packt Publishing 230 Lamport L 1994 LATEX a document preparation system user s guide and reference manual Addison Wesley Pub Co Mackay C 1852 Memoirs of Extraordinary Delusions and the Madness of Crowds Wordsworth Editions Ltd Jun 1995 McCullough B and D A Heiser 2008 On the accuracy of statistical procedures
191. or draft paper By clicking on one of the section links in the black area a list of subsections is displayed in the blue area By clicking on one of the subsection links one opens the first slide in that sub section e In beamer technology the basic slide is known as a frame At the top of the frame there is a frame title 196 Using Beamer for Presentations ES slides pdf Adobe Reader O 10 x Fie Edit View Window Help x ARREBEK t 4 1 155 i 173 lB F i Tools Sign Comment Live Links Central Limit Theorem Live Links Stable distribution f Sections Subsections Central Limit Theorem Main Part of Slide Frame First formulation e independent identically distributed finite variance more general formulation independent e no individual item has a significant effect on mean e treatment of outliers e modelling by not modelling John C Frain VaR and a stable processes Figure 14 1 Sample slide produced by beamer e This frame contains two blocks Each block has a title In this case each block contains an itemize environment Many blocks will contain some kind of list environment Tabular environments graphs equations and other mathematical expressions may be included in frames or in blocks Much of this material may be copied from your 4TRXdocument If you have external hyper links in your presentation and have inte
192. or the content of the split envir onment The split environment sets the lines of the equation in columns The columns are separated by a amp and the rows by 11 In example the split environment is used to similar effect to the align environment in example refex align Note that it is possible to number the individual lines in the align environment while only one number can be used in the split environment The split environment can be used within an align environment I would think that this facility is not widely used 5 5 3 The multiline and multiline Environments The multiline environment is very suitable for setting long equations The first line of a long equation is left justified the last right justified and middle lines if any are centred Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 13 split environment begin equation begin split bm b bm beta amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bmfy bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bm X bm beta bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 1 bm X bm X bm beta bm X bm X 74 13 bm X bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm beta bm X bm X 1 bm X bm varepsilon bm beta notag amp bm X bm X 7 1 bm X bm varepsilon end split end equation AAA SU e a XX XB X X X e p b 6 84 X X X e B X X Xe This is illustrated below left
193. ore the comma Note that I have used an initial C gt in the author field and that I must follow this with a space If you have joint authors use either of the two formats to enter their names in the author field and separate the authors by and e g author John Y Campbell and Andrew W Lo and A Craig Mac K inlay is how I have entered the authors of Campbell et al 1997 in my database Note that the K in MacKinlay is between braces This ensures that the capitalisation is maintained if it is to be listed In general anything included in the author field that you do not wish IATRX BibT X to convert to the specified style must be included in braces e Y author Guinness and Co or author Guinness and Co will retain Guinness and Co in its original form Jabref presents you with a tabbed set of forms to enter the details of the item The first tab contains the obligatory items The last form gives the generated BibTpX entry for the database CTRL s saves the entry CTRL e edits an existing item In general Jabref works like any Windows program Alternatively you can extract bibliographic information from Google Books or JStore or similar and past it directly into the BibT X source tab Jabref also has a web search fa cility which allows one to search Search Web Search which allows one to search various data bases Inspire JStore Spires JPLP DBLP ArXiv org Medline CiteSeer for bibliograph
194. ostgum gsview gsview64 exe 2am ps el S Pdf Viewer V Intarnal wiawar C AdahaCc Adnha Arrnhat 7 MA rrohatil Arrohat ava am ndf a A al Special chars filename without extension line number 2 followed by a m e extended filename prepend c for current file instead of master file or become or OK Cancel Figure 3 2 Configuring TeXstudio program references Configuring line numbers change some of the The display of line numbers can be turned on or off using the Advanced Editor config uration that can be turned on by ticking the Show advanced options in the Configuring TeXstudio window 3 4 Synchronizing KTpX input file and pdf output Synchronizing IAT X and the generated pdf output file is is one of the most useful in novations available in a good modern IXT X interface I would expect that 1 If i make an amendment to my IAT FX file and compile the resulting pdf file should be opened at the corresponding point I presume that the cursor in the edit pane Installing and using TeXstudio has been left at the amendment 2 One can go from a point in the ATFX file to the corresponding place in the ATEX file 3 Similarly one can go from a point in the pdf to the corresponding place in the IATRX file This process is known as synchronization TeXstudio uses the syncTeX procedure to synchronise your MT FX file and the pdf out put file When you comp
195. p cdots amp phi_ p 1 psi_ 3 amp phi_ p psi_ 2 amp 0 multicolumn 4 r cdots multicolumn 4 r end array end equation constant p pa 11 Vp 1 Q1Vp 2 lt p 1Y0 Yp Q1Vp 1 0 op 14 Vp 1 01 p a Qp 1 V2 Vp 2 P1Up 1 0 On 103 96 Mathematics in ATEX 5 5 9 The cases Construction The cases environment is used to set a system such as the definition of of an elementary Tobit model see 2000 page 518 and is reproduced in example which also gives the TFX input required to produce this output Example 5 23 Cases beginfalign y_t7 amp bm x _t bm beta _0 varepsilon_t quad t 1 2 dots n y_t amp begin cases y_t amp text if y_t7 gt c AM 0 text if y_t Me c end cases end align Te Salemi te Ihe wile y ify gt c Y O O 5 5 10 The intertext command The intertext command is used to insert a line of text in a system of equations The intertext command is issued immediately after a command Note the position of the text in the output 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 97 Example 5 24 intertext Command beginfalign A_1 amp N_0 lambda Omega phi lambda Omega A_2 amp phi lambda Omega phi lambda Omega MM intertext and A_3 amp mathcal N lambda Omega end align Ay No A Q p A 0 Az HA 0 A 0 CHAPTER 0 Tables
196. package attempts to do something that is not possible allows you to put verbatim in footnotes section titles in a straightforward way See section 4 of this note and the cprotect manual usepackage cprotect Colour etc Packages The xcolor package provides facilities for typesetting in colour usepackage xcolor The tcolorbox package provides an environment for coloured and framed text boxes with a heading line Optionally such a box can be split in an upper and a lower part Thus the package may be used for the setting of LATEX examples where one part of the box displays the source code and the other part shows the output This environment is used to set many of the coloured boxed examples in this paper e g figure 1 1 1 2 etc The tcbuselibrary listings command is setting the listings option for the tcolorbox package usepackage tcolorbox tcbuselibrary listings Package for Hyper references The hyperref package extends the functionality of all the LATEX cross referencing commands including the table of contents bibliographies etc to produce special commands which a driver can turn into hypertext links it also provides new commands to allow the user to write ad hoc hypertext links including those to external documents and URLs usepackage breaklinks pagebackref hyperref 1 The package should be the last package loaded 2 The breaklinks option allows long
197. per If you wish to spread the title over several lines use to show where you want the line to break author details where data is the name and affiliation of the author If you wish to spread this material over several lines use to show where you want the line to break If you have multiple authors you can use the and statement to specify the second and subsequent authors 4 4 Document Text 47 author John Murphy University One and Pat Smith University Two The command thanks details puts a footnote containing details on the title page of the document A separate thanks details may be entered for each author date date details If this is omitted the current date is entered below the title and author details If it exists date details as in the file is written there If you do want something other than a date to follow the author s details you can also enter this here maketitle in the main text of the article uses this material to generate a title page 4 3 4 Changing Defaults In the preamble a user may make various adjustments to ATX defaults These adjust ments then hold throughout the entire document An example of such an adjustment is the use of the geometry package above Unless you have a very good reason to make such an adjustment keep to the default 4 4 Document Text 4 4 1 begin document and end document commands The actual content of your document is set out between begin
198. placed before or after the superscripts Example 5 6 80 Mathematics in ATEX The treatment of limits in integrals sums and products is similar See example 5 4 Example 5 6 Sub superscripts begin equation x_ ij 2 Malpha_i72 2 alpha_i beta_j beta72_j end equation ai a 20 85 B5 5 3 5 Roots The function sqrt arg produces a square root Thus sqrt x 2 y 2 produces 1 22 y2 To produce the n rood use sqrt n x72 y72 which gives 4 1 y2 5 3 6 Integrals Integrals are set in TEX using the syntax int_ min max f x rd x command which produces f f x dx Its use in display math is illustrated in the box below min The command textsuperscript produces a superscript in text For example the code up textsuperscript over produces up In the preamble the statement newcommand rd ensuremath mathrm d defines a new com mand rd This produces an upright d for the differential sign Alternatively we could use mathrm d wherever we required an upright d in our document See section 5 4 7 5 4 Sums and Products 81 Example 5 7 Integrals 4 with the limits above and below the integral sign begin fequation labelfeq rd02 Prob a Me x Me b frac 1 sqrt 2 pi sigma int limits_ a b e7 frac x mu 2 2 sigma 2 rd x end equation or with the limits to the right of the integral sign begin equation Prob a Me x Me b frac 1 sqrt 2
199. ple 5 4 is an example of frac in display mode Example 5 4 Fractions begin equation frac i x 1 x72 frac i 1 x end equation 5 3 Components of Mathematical Expressions 79 5 3 2 Text in Display Math You will have noticed at this stage that the fonts used in mathematics do not have the same shape as the text fonts The spacing in the mathematics environments is also dif ferent to what one wants in text The amsmath package adds the text word or words function to ATFX and provides a way of entering text in mathematics This is illustrated in example Example 5 5 Text in Display Math begin equation x_ ij alpha_i beta_j text for all i 1 dots n text and j 1 dots n end equation Note the use of spaces in the text 5 3 3 Subscripts A single subscript is produced by the underscore character i e x_i produces x If two or more characters are to be included in the subscript the characters in the subscript must be included within braces i e x_ ij produces zij 5 3 4 Powers Powers exponents superscripts are inserted in mathematics using the caret character i e x72 produces x If two or more characters are to be included in the subscript the characters in the subscript must be included within braces i e x7 12 produces x To use subscripts and superscripts use the caret for the superscript and an underscore for the subscript The subscripts can be
200. r delete existing sections or subsections as you write Have a look again at figures 1 1 and 1 2 At the start of a section you enter something like section Shorter section title Longer section title where the longer section title bounded by and will appear in the paper as a heading on the section The shorter section title bounded by and will appear in the table of contents If you do not specify a Shorter section title the Longer section title is used in the contents list Do not number your sections ATEX will do this for you Within each section you may specify subsections subsection Shorter section title Longer section title where the optional and mandatory fields are similar to those for the section com mand The current chapter section and subsection headings and their listing in the contents were inserted by the commands in the following box 4 4 Document Text 55 At start of Chapter chapter Basic LaTeX Syntax At start of Section section Document Text At start of Subsection subsection Document Structure If you want a table of contents simply place the command tableofcontents where you want the contents table to appear 4 4 5 KT X Help system in TeXstudio TeXstudio provides a lot of help to those learning or using ATRX A summary of AT fXcommands is given in the ATEX Reference in the TeXstudio Help menu Other TFX graphical interfaces also have a AT
201. r environment caption Table Title label key end table where e preferences can be any combination of h t b and p where Relax some restrictions I will return to this below h Here at the position in the text where the table environment appears t Top at the top of a text page b Bottom at the bottom of a text page p Page of floats on a separate float page which is a page containing no text only floats The exact meaning of these parameters is often a source of confusion to beginners For example specifying bt means that IAT X should place the table at the top or the bottom of a page The order of the preferences does not matter Thus bt and tb both mean the same TFX will place the table at the top or bottom of the page whichever it considers best It will not place it at the position in the text at which the table environment is entered unless this is at the chosen top or bottom of a page 6 2 The table and table Environments 101 If only h is given then it is amended to ht as there may not be sufficient space left on the current page to put the table If you include a before the preferences IATFX will expand the space available on the page and thus try harder to place the table there In the article and book classes the default is tbp Remember TEX decides which of these three is appropriate and places the table there If you do not have a lot of tables and other floats the
202. rameters and the function definition is textcopyright 1 2 In the first call of the function the first parameter 1 is Jones and the second 2012 If more parameters subject to a maximum of 9 they are included in extra pair s of braces When we substitute for cpr and the parameters 1 and 2 in cpr Jones 2012 we get Jones 2012 Similarly for verb Murphy 2011 produces Murphy 2011 In the next example we define a similar function which has a default for the first parameter and show how to over ride the default TeX Input renewcommand cpr 2 Frain textcopyright 1 2 cpr 2012 cpr Murphy 2011 TREX Output Frain 2012 Murphy 2011 The newcommand command fails if the command already exists The renewcommand command replaces or amends an existing command It fails is the command does not exist I use the renewcommand command to change the cpr command to provide a default for the first parameter The new addition Frain is the default value for 1 The parameter 2 is then then 2012 If I wish to change the default I include the replacement value Murphy 228 Some Simple User Defined Functions 16 3 Lengths Lengths in ATEX may be measured in the following units cm Centimetres em 1 emis the width of an M in the current font ex 1 ex is the width of an x in the current font in Inches pe Picas 1 pe 12 pt pt Points 1 in 72 27pt mm Millimetres These lengths are us
203. rbatim environment end verbatim end frame The material in this example is a simple introduction to the facilities of the beamer class and does not cover many advanced facilities For example it is possible for a department wishes to set up a departmental theme with departmental logos and colour schemes For further details see the manual or Voss Vof 2012b 204 Using Beamer for Presentations 14 4 Handouts etc The slides on pages to are one form of handout that might be given out at a presentation They were produced by replacing the part of the script before Language Options by documentclass handout beamer usetheme Warsaw usepackage pgfpages pgfpagesuselayout 2 on 1 a4paper mode lt handout gt setbeamercolor background canvas bg black 4 Note The use of the handout option can be used to produce a handout In this illustration I have used the theme Warsaw In producing these pages I was trying to illustrate both the production of slides and of handouts For the handout it would be better to use a plainer theme such as the default delete or comment out the usetheme or the Montpelier Singapore or Szeged The pgfpages package is used to assemble several pages into a single page It is part of the Tik amp PGF graphics package pgfpagesuselayout 2 on 1 command is provided by the pgfpages command The 2 on 1 option specifies that two original pages are t
204. re you may find the approach here somewhat simple IATFX is a form of mark up language This ATEX and T X language can also be regarded as a programming language which can be used to write extend ATEX This is the source of the added packages that are available In theory any user could write such extension packages In practice most users will not need to The simplest use of user defined functions is to replace a repeated sequence of IAT EX instructions and or text with a simpler shorter user defined function Most of the examples given here can be placed anywhere in a document but most are best placed in the preamble 16 2 Simple Function with no Arguments Suppose that we have a piece of text C International Monetary Fund that one might want to repeat many times in the course of a document we can use the ATEX command 224 Some Simple User Defined Functions newcommand as follows FATRX Input newcommand IMF textcopyright International Monetary Fund IMF ATEX Output C International Monetary Fund The general form of the newcommand command as used here is newcommand newcmd def where newcmd is the new command to be defined in this case IMF and def is the text to be substituted wherever IMF is found in the document This has several advant ages e It reduces the amount of typing required e It ensures that the section of text is the same where ever it is included in the document e
205. ref 1 The package should be the last package loaded 2 The breaklinks option allows long links to be spread over two lines the part on each line acting as a link 3 The pagebackref adds pages numbers to the bibliography which are hyperlinks to the page containing the citations Paper Title Define the title and author variables The is a new line instruction the thanks inserts a footnote in the title page title Introduction to LaTeX for Economists Social Scientists and Others M1 author John C Frain Economics Department Trinity College Dublin thanks Comments to url frainj tcd ie Text of Document begin document the maketitle instruction inserts the title using the title and author variables defined in the preamble 173 maketitle newpage Add abstract begin abstract content of abstract to be added endfabstract newpage Add table of contents tableofcontents section Introduction text of introduction section Title of section 2 text of section 2 section Title of section 3 text of section 3 section Title of section 4 text of section 4 bibliographystyle chicago bibliography bibtex data bases end document Table 11 1 babel language options Language Option s Afrikaans afrikaans Bahasa bahasa indonesian indon bahasai bahasam malay meyalu Basque basque Breton breton Bulgari
206. rlr rl caption Sample Longtable Monthly Average USD JPY 7 and GBP exchange rates with Euro hline USD JPY amp GBP hline endfirsthead multicolumn 4 p 7cm Monthly Average USD JPY and GBP exchange rates with Euro emph continued hline amp USD amp JPY amp GBP hline endhead hline nulticolumn 4 r emph Continued on next page endfoot hline nulticolumn 4 r emph End of Table 108 Tables endlastfoot January 2005 amp 1 3119 amp 135 63 amp 0 69867 February 2005 amp 1 3014 amp 136 55 amp 0 68968 March 2005 amp 1 3201 amp 138 83 amp 0 69233 April 2005 amp 1 2938 amp 138 84 amp 0 68293 May 2005 amp 1 2694 amp 135 37 amp 0 68399 June 2005 amp 1 2165 amp 132 22 amp 0 66895 July 2005 amp 1 2037 amp 134 75 amp 0 68756 August 2005 amp 1 2292 amp 135 98 amp 0 68527 September 2005 amp 1 2256 amp 136 06 amp 0 67760 October 2005 amp 1 2015 amp 138 05 amp 0 68137 November 2005 amp 1 1786 amp 139 59 amp 0 67933 December 2005 amp 1 1856 amp 140 58 amp 0 67922 January 2006 amp 1 2103 amp 139 82 amp 0 68598 February 2006 amp 1 1938 amp 140 77 amp 0 68297 March 2006 amp 1 2020 amp 140 96 amp 0 68935 April 2006 amp 1 2279 amp 143 72 amp 0 69435 May 2006 amp 1 2770 amp 142 70 amp 0 68330 June 2006 amp 1 2650 amp 145 11 amp
207. rnet access during your seminar you can access the links during your presentation You can do a lot more with beamer Uncover parts of a frame or list piecewise Highlight the current item in a list 14 2 Installing beamer 197 Uncover equations bit by bit Uncover a table column wise Uncover a table row wise Add notes for yourself Prepare handouts and lecture notes containing reduced copies of the slides Use features of beamer in preparing papers e At many talks I have been not been amused by slides consisting of an A4 portrait page of tightly packed tabular data in a 10 point font reduced to fit on a landscape slide This is usually accompanied by an apology that the slide is probably unreadable by any member of the audience but Why does one go to the bother of producing a slide that is not readable Beamer produces slides that contain fonts that are large enough to be read by all the audience The usual font commands can be used to some extent to reduce the size of the fonts in a beamer presentation this is to be avoided if possible In any case the effect of such font change is not as extreme If your audience needs access to such condensed material printed copies should be made available e There is a very good manual for beamer As well as the usual technical material in such manuals there is good general advice on how to prepare for a presentation illustrative examples and
208. rogram This is a more modern approach but it is unlikely that the extra facilities will be required by a new user 3 Use the thebibliography environment This allows you to enter your bibliographic material in a special format in the document It is only satisfactory when the bibliography is very short and I would not recommend it 4 You could just enter your bibliography using text and TEX commands I would 210 Managing your References not recommend that you do this I will cover the following in this section 1 Compiling your BibTFX data base using Jabref 2 Making citations using the data base 3 Bibliographies using the BibTfX database 4 The biblatex package 5 Compiling your Bibliography without using the BibTX database 15 1 1 Compiling your BibTfX data base using Jabref The first step in using bibtex is the compilation of a BibTeX bibliography data base The Jabref program greatly simplifies this process For example the data base entry for the book is BOOK Haya00 title Econometrics publisher Princeton University Press year 2000 author Fumio Hayashi The initial BOOK that starts the entry indicates that this is a reference for a book Alternatives entry types provided by Jabref include ARTICLE BOOKLET CONFERENCE ELECTRONOC INBOOK INCOLLECTION INPROCEEDINGS MANUAL MASTERTHESIS MISC OTHER PATENT PERIODICAL PHDTHESIS PROCEEDINGS STANDARD TECHREPORT UNPUBLISHED
209. roject org give an introduction to the use of R in a variety of disciplines An economist might consult Kleiber and Zeileis 2008 2008 or Vinod 2008 which deal with the use of R in applied econometrics Several R packages can be used to format output e g e apsrtable produces well formatted TFX tables of multiple models side by side e xtable production of formatted tables e texreg produces regression output in ATEX form are available for typesetting R estimation results as TEX tables e Hmisc also contains some useful functions The graphics facilities in R are comprehensive and output may be saved as pdf eps or in a variety of other formats The knitd R package allows one to embed R code in a ATRX document This is some what similar to but much more powerful than the MATweave system for Matlab octave discussed in the previous section knitr is described on http yihui name knitr and in 2014 2014 deals more generally with doing reproducible research with R RStudio knitr and other tools A knitr empowered script is basically a BT X document with embedded chunks of R code These chunks of R code can be reproduced or not reproduced can do calculations can fetch data and produce output in the form of data formatted tables graphs etc In effect they can do anything that R can do The compilation of a knitr document involves three steps Sknitr is more flexible than the description
210. rovides user friendly facilities for updates extensions and other maintenance tasks on your system If the MiKTeX system is up to date then you can postpone maintenance until a later date If this is so you may skip the remainder of this chapter and return to it later Under Start All Programs gt MiKTeX 2 9 the following facilities are avail able MiKTeX 2 9 Previewer I do not use this item It calls the yap previewer for dvi files MiKTeX 2 9 gt TeXworks TeXworks is the standard editor distributed with Mik TeX This editor is more suitable for those with a good knowledge of ATEX MiKTeX 2 9 gt Help FAQ A pointer to some frequently asked questions This is worth reading MiKTeX 2 9 Help Manual This is the MiKTeX manual This is a compre hensive document It contains detailed installation instructions that are of interest to all users and a lot of other material that may not be required by ordinary users SIAT EX packages are maintained by individual agents and updates are available as new versions of individual packages are completed The latest version of the MiKTeX install program may not contain the latest updates The update procedure does update any packages that have been installed 2 3 Mik TeX Maintenance 17 MiKTeX 2 9 Maintenance gt Package Manager This and the next two items are relevant to maintenance of systems packages which have been installed by those without administrator rights If
211. rrect size In equation 5 8 1 use left and right commands before the square bracket and the correct size bracket are now printed As a farther illustration I have nested a further two left and right com mands before a pair of round brackets Again IATFX produces the correct size brackets 84 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 9 Brackets begin equation label eq bracket1 I bm theta E frac partial72 log L theta partial tilde bm theta partial tilde bm theta end equation begin equation label eq bracket2 I bm theta E left frac partial 2 log L left theta right partial tilde bm theta partial tilde bm theta right end equation begin equation labelfeq bracket3 prod_ i 1 n left K frac 1 sqrt 2 Api frac sigma 2 1 phi 2 times exp left frac left y_0 frac c 1 phi right 72 2 frac sigma 2 1 phi 2 right right end equation 0log L 0 0000 El 0log L 0 0000 Equation is a more complicated example of the use of the left and right com mands Note that the curly bracket brace requires a and that the curly bracket pair is produced by left content right These brackets can be accessed on the icon line below the menu items in TeXstudio 5 4 5 Bold fonts in Mathematics To include bold mathematical fonts I load the bm package in the preamble This adds the bm command which allows one
212. s A left header is generated by the last markboth command before the end of the page while a right header is generated by the first markboth or markright that comes on the page if there is one otherwise by the last one before the page markboth hfill even number hfill left page right page hfill odd number hfill 16 even number left page right page odd number iy as headers on the left and right hand pages The page numbers are inserted by TEX in the appropriate place In the header generation commands you can insert special commands which extract details of the current page in the document thepage the number of the current page leftmark current chapter name printed like CHAPTER 3 THIS IS THE CHAPTER TITLE e rightmark current section name printed like 1 6 THIS IS THE SECTION TITLE e chaptername the word chapter in the current language If this is English it will display Chapter e thechapter current chapter number thesection current section number 138 Other Useful Packages 8 9 2 fancyhdr While it is possible to define new styles for headers and footers in base IATRX this is not easy If you do need to do so I would recommend using the fancyhdx package This package introduces a new option fancy to the pagestyle option command This option can be defined to to customize various aspects of the layout of the page headers footers marginal notes placement of floats etc As illustrat
213. s a much larger selection of packages in its 1090 pages The arrangement of packages below id by function 8 2 Languages 8 2 1 babel The default language for ATRX is American English The babel package provides facil ities for the use of TEX to set documents in other languages Loading babel with the british option allows on to change the default to UK English Many other languages can be accommodated with an appropriate option See table Several languages may be specified in the options on the babel statement The last such 124 Other Useful Packages language specified is the default for the document It is possible to switch to one of the other languages specified for a portion of the document See the babel manual and http www ctan org pkg babel 8 2 2 inputenc Most modern keyboards are language specific With a suitable editor and keyboard characters specific to a language can be entered into ATEX from the keyboard This will not lead to any problem unless one is collaborating with a second author whoo uses another keyboard In such the inputenc package provides a solution to the problem The usepackage latin1 inputenc o po ap O can be used to facilitate collaboration between researchers using keyboards for most European languages 8 2 3 fontenc In early TEX systems accented characters such as 6 were produced by overprinting the o with The fontenc package with the T1 option adds the accente
214. s returned to portrait mode This environment is compatible with the longtable environment usepackage lscape The rotating package provides sidewaystable and sidewaysfigure environment which produce rotated floats By default the floats are turned so that the bottom of the float is nearest to the outside of the page The options counterclockwise and clockwise rotate the figure counterclockwise and clockwise as expected If you are using a two sided option and wish to have the figures rotated in the same direction use the figuresright or figuresleft option The package also provides a sideways environment which when used within a table or figure environment rotates the contents of the sidways environment but not the caption presumed outside the sideways environment For further details see the manual usepackage rotating produces rotated floats 184 Writing your Thesis with TX Verbatim Packages The fancyvrb environment provides enhancements to the verbatim environment It provides the Verbatim environment which has one extra argument compared to the standard verbatim environment This example of a LATEX preamble has been produced using a Verbatim environment with options for fontsize substitution of command characters and and inclusion of the typeset environment in a frame usepackage fancyvrb usepackage relsize The cprotect
215. s were also installed The default dictionary can be changed using the general options TeXstudio uses standard open office dictionaries which can be downloaded from the link provided on the general tab Figure 3 2 shows the default configuration as derived from the commands options If you update your 3 4 Synchronizing PTX input file and pdf output 35 4 Configure TeXstudio _ pr General al Commands nal Quick Build Shortcuts am Editor aj Completion m Preview al SVN T Show advanced options MikTeX system or some other relevant program you may need to m Commands filename without extension line number extended filename options 21x C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin latex exe src specials interaction nonstopmode tex el S DviPs C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin dvips exe P pdf 0 ps dvi el S Ps2pdf C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin psapdtexe PS 000 el S Makeindex C MikTeX 2 9 miktex bin makeindex exe idx el 5 BibTeX C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin bibtex exe a el 5 PdfLaTeX C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin pdflatex exe interaction nonstopmode synctex 1 tex Bl S DviPdf C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin dvipdfm exe dvi el S DviPng C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin dvipng exe T tight D 120 dvi el S Metapost C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin mpost exe interaction nonstopmode me el S Dvi Viewer C MiKTeX 2 9 miktex bin yap exe 1 s tex dvi el S Ps Viewer C Program Files Gh
216. s work in some cases but none are 100 satisfactory in all cases The best way to proceed probably depends on the relative amount of text mathematics and graphics in your document One can generally transfer a short document e g journal article size from TAT X to Word relatively easily without resort to any of these utilities In such a case I would proceed as follows 1 The text of the article can be transferred by cut and paste from the ATEX or pdf document to the word processor 2 Mathematics can be entered using the word processor s equation editor or the special symbols in the word processor 3 You may be asked to supply diagrams as separate files Often the editor of his staff may be more flexible that the journal s regulations Check how flexible they are and act accordingly 4 If you have a few tables consider resetting them in your word processor Alternat ively you can transfer them as follows a copy from the TEX generated pdf b paste to your spreadsheet in Excel 2010 use Home Paste Text Import Wizard c possibly refine the table in the spreadsheet and d finally transfer to your word processor 152 Using Output from External Programs with ATEX 5 You can also copy paste and edit the bibliography from the ATX pdf document to your Word processor Given the relatively short length of academic papers this process should not be too onerous and can be completed in a few
217. s worth examining if you are preparing a presentation with ATRX In recent versions of TeXstudio Package manuals can be accessed by right clicking on 18 3 Free Publications 241 a package command in the editor window and selecting open package documentation package name from the dropdown menu The relevant package documentation is then displayed in the pdf viewer Bibliography Adkins L C 2013 Using gretl for Principles of Econometrics 4th ed Oklahoma State University 153 American Mathematical Society 2002 User s Guide for the amsmath Package Ver sion 2 0 American Mathematical Society 1999 12 13 revised 2002 02 25 Berry K S Gilmore and T Martinsen 2012 TAT X Structured documents for T X unofficial ATX reference manual Available for download from http home gna Campbell J Y A W Lo and A C MacKinlay 1997 The Econometrics of Financial Markets Princeton University Press 213 Cottrell A and R J Lucchetti 2014 January Gretl Users Guide Department of Economics Wake Forest University and Department of Economics Wake Forest Uni versity Davidson R and J G MacKinnon 2004 Econometric Theory and Methods Oxford University Press Flynn P 2011 Formatting information An introduction to typesetting with ATRX Silmaril Consultants 240 Gandrud C 2014 Reproducible Research with R and RStudio CRC Press 155 244 BIBLIOGRAPHY G
218. se It might be mentioned that the preview system in TeXstudio has been taken from LyX and allows one to mimic one of the main features of LyX 3beamer is a package for the preparation of presentations See chapter 14 of this document CHAPTER 11 Writing a paper with ATEX The box below contains a skeleton TEX script for a paper Each package that is loaded in the preamble contains a brief explanation of its purpose If you substitute your details in the title and author sections and then enter the required text in the main body of the document you will produce a well formatted document Many of the packages used are described in chapter 8 of this book Manuals for many of the packages are available in your ATEX distribution in C doc latex Manuals for these packages may also be found on the web For example the manual for the hyperref package may be downloaded from http www ctan org pkg hyperref Manuals for the other packages may be downloaded from a similar link by substituting the name of the package for hyperref in that link http www ctan org pkg contains an index of all packages available in CTAN including many that are not mentioned in this note In using the skeleton script you may comment the usepackage instruction for any pack ages you do not require You may also vary the options as required skeleton file for a document of the article class documentclass 11pt a4paper artic
219. se are revised in what follows In the command fancyheadoffset LE RO 0 3 marginparwidth L and R refer to the left and right hand side of a page page respectively E and O refer to even and odd pages The command extends the header by 0 3 marginparwidth on left side of the even numbered pages and the right side of the odd numbered pages This practice is in accordance with good typesetting practice The default chaptermark variable contains three parts e thechapter which gives the chapter number e chaptername The word Chapter in the English language or its equivalent in other languages and e chaptermark which contains the title of the chapter renewcommand chaptermark 1 markboth 1 redefines the chaptermark so that leftmark contains the chapter title or its short version if given fancyhead RE bfseries leftmark inserts the chapter title in the Right hand side of the header on even pages renewcommand sectionmark 1 markright thesection 1 amounts to redefining the rightmark so that it contains the section number and title fancyhead L0 bfseries rightmark then inserts this on the left of the odd pages fancyhead LE R0 bfseries thepage inserts the page number on the left of even numbered pages and on the right of odd numbered pages The remaining lines redefine the plain style to remove the material in the headers and the line separating the header from th
220. serd The most convenient way to transfer Excel graphs to IATFX is to save the graph as a pdf file and use an includegraphics instruction to include the graphics file in your document I accomplish this in one of two ways 1 Right Click on the image and File Save as and select Save as Type pdf 2 If you have a pdf print driver such as PDFCreator g This adds a virtual printer to correctly fix errors is discussed No statistical procedure in Excel should be used until Microsoft documents that the procedure is correct it is not safe to assume that Microsoft Excel s statistical procedures give the correct answer Persons who wish to conduct statist ical analyses should use some other package Perhaps Excel graphics facilities are not targeted at my kind of work SPDFCreator can be downloaded from http www pdfforge org pdf creator 9 3 Word Processors and ATRX 151 to your list of printers and allows you to generate pdf files by printing the item graph to a pdf file on the virtual printer Calc can export graphs as pdf from the File menu Gnumeric can save the graph Save as image in pdf and other formats that may be of interest to a ATX user e g svg ps eps etc 9 3 Word Processors and BTRX If you use IATRX you may encounter some problems in working with a journal or with colleagues who do not use ATEX There is a summary of solutions at nttp tug org utilities texconv textopc html All of these solution
221. sible to reconfigure these themes or to compose one s own theme but for the beginner it is probably better to stick with one of the provided themes documentclass beamer or documentclass options beamer usetheme Warsaw I usually use the first specification as options are not often required The preamble is then continued by loading whatever packages are required beamer auto matically loads a variety of packages e g amsthm color enumerate hyperref xcolor beamer sets its own options etc for these packages Usually this causes no problem unless you wish to override one of these options Section 2 6 of the user guide contains material on possible conflicts My recommendation would be to minimise the number of packages loaded when using beamer I should add that following this advice I have not encountered any such conflicts The following box contains a sample set of slides for a presentation The slides are reproduced on pages 205 to The references to results from the fact that I was reading this book as I was writing the first draft of this chapter The content of the sample presentation is not to be taken seriously It should act as a template for your presentations You should be able to cut and copy from the box and compile and get something similar to the slides on pages 205 to 208 Notes on the presentation follow 14 3 The Presentation 199 the box documentclass beamer Note 1
222. space after the full stop This is corrected by the insertion of a standard inter word space after the abbreviation Note that there is no space between the abbreviation and the _ In example 4 2 IATFX thinks that the period is attached to the abbreviation and puts a standard inter word space after the period Inserting before the period informs ATEX that this is the end of a sentence and that one should insert and extra space Example 4 2 Space after full stop The code for Ireland is IE Then dots MM The code for Ireland is IE Then dots The code for Ireland is IE Then The code for Ireland is IE Then If you wish to use the more modern approach keeping a standard inter word space at the end of a sentence insert The containing box of numbered examples such as example 4 l is divided into two parts The upper part contains TEX code while the lower part contains the result of compiling that code 4 4 Document Text 51 frenchspacing in the preamble of your document or at the point where you wish to begin the traditional approach If you wish to return to the traditional approach insert nonfrenchspacing where you wish to return to the traditional approach Example illustrates three ways in which compound abbreviations can be treated Example 4 3 Space between Abbreviations i e J C Frain i e LAC N Erain i e J C Frain i e J C Frain i e J C Frain i e J C Frai
223. t and TFX does so Function names however should be set in an upright font For a variety of math ematical functions TeX provides commands which set such functions properly Thus the logarithm of x is set by log x which gives logx or by ln x which gives In x The following are available in the Operator Symbols drop down box in TeXstudio arccos arcsin arctan arg cos cosh cot coth csc deg det dim exp gcd hom inf ker lg lim liminf limsup An log max min Pr projlim sec sin sinh sup tan tanh varlimsup varliminf varinjlim varprojlim You can define more functions by including a DeclareMathOperator command symbol An economist might be interested in using a utility function say util O in his equations In the box below I show how this might be set up and used in an equation 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 87 Example 5 12 Function Names 4 DeclareMathOperator util util in preamble begin equation util q_1 q_2 A q_17 alpha gq_2 1 alpha end equation a l a util q1 q2 Aq q 5 5 Other Mathematical Environments 5 5 1 Introduction In this section I show how 1 Long equations may be split over several lines and 2 Systems of equations may be set 5 5 2 The split Environment The split environment is part of the amsmath package It is used within another display environment It produces only one equation number f
224. t any longer necessarily so Some fragile commands such as cite have been made robust in later revi sions of IATFX Some commands such as Nend and nocite are fragile even though they have no optional arguments The user s way of creating a command with an optional argument us ing newcommand or newcommand now always creates a robust command though macros without optional arguments may still be fragile if they do things that are themselves fragile There is no reason that a package author should not also make robust com mands with optional arguments as part of the package Some robust com mands are redefined by certain packages to be fragile the cite command commonly suffers this treatment Further simply hiding a fragile com mand in another command has no effect on fragility So if fred is fragile and you write newcommand jim fred then jim is fragile too There is the newcommand replacement DeclareRobustCommand which always creates a robust command whether or not it has optional ar guments The syntax of DeclareRobustCommand is substantially identical to that of newcommand and if you do the wrapping trick above as DeclareRobustCommand jim fred then jim is robust Finally the makerobust package defines MakeRobustCommand to convert a command to be robust With the package the wrapping above can simply be replaced by MakeRobustCommand fred Where after fred
225. t of computers the author of a book or a paper submitted material to a publisher in typewritten or even manuscript form The publisher passed the manuscript to a typesetter who prepared plates containing typeset material The typesetter would have set the material into parts chapters sections etc as instructed He would have inserted headings looked after pagination and almost all other aspects of the format of the final publication From the typesetter s plates proofs would be produced and sent 1 2 What is ATEX to the author and the publisher for proof reading etc The author publisher could then suggest various amendments which the typesetter could include in an amended version The typesetter was responsible for all aspects of appearance of the final document The author was responsible for the content Typesetting was and is a highly skilled profession If you have any doubt do a web search for typesetting qualification and have a look at the contents of typesetting courses and qualifications Word processing programs appear to transfer many of the functions of the typesetter to the author The author is then responsible for both content and final appearance Usually the results are not as good as they should be This is not surprising as the author will not in general have any training in typesetting and graphic design IATFX takes the place of the typesetter You give it the contents of the document and it will
226. t to a landscape format The environment works by starting a new page and setting the remainder of the material in the environment in landscape mode At the end of the environment a new page is started and typesetting is returned to portrait mode This environment is compatible with the longtable environment usepackage lscape The rotating package provides sidewaystable and sidewaysfigure environment which produce rotated floats By default the floats are turned so that the bottom of the float is nearest to the outside of the page The options counterclockwise and clockwise rotate the figure counterclockwise and clockwise as expected If are using a two sided option and wish to have the figures rotated the same direction use the figuresright or figuresleft option The package also provides a sideways environment which when used within a table or figure environment rotates the contents of the sideways environment but not the caption presumed outside the sideways environment For further details see the manual usepackage rotating produces rotated floats Verbatim Packages The fancyvrb environment provides enhancements to the verbatim environment It provides the Verbatim environment which has one extra argument compared to the standard verbatim environment This example of a 4TRX preamble has been produced using a Verbatim environment with options for fontsize substitution of command
227. t to backup your files After an editing session I usually make a backup copy of what I have done It is relatively easy to copy backup a project directory to a flash or external hard drive to a cloud system such as dropbox sugarsync box etc or to a college or company server If each item of work is in a separate directory backup is easier to manage The more advanced user should consider some form of version control e g git Systems such as this are useful when several persons are collaborating in a project I usually run the Build and View process frequently as I compose my document If this process shows errors it is easier to find and cure the error if it is in a recent block that has been added to the file Do not be afraid to experiment If you make some changes to a document and they cause problems it is usually easy to reverse the change If you are concerned that you may may damage a document make a copy of the document directory and experiment on the copy If you do encounter some problem and there is a local expert ask his help He was a beginner at some stage himself A ATEX document is a simple text document It consists of two parts A preamble which sets out the type of document article book report presentation letter etc It may also load various supplementary packages extensions to ATEX sets defaults for the document and optionally gives details of the document title and author s 4 1 Some Preliminaries
228. t to the errors detected during compilation In the edit pane lines with errors warnings bad boxes will be highlighted with red yellow or blue background and you can jump between them using Ctrl Up Down Ctrl Shift for errors only Ctrl Alt for warnings only Alt Shift for bad boxes only A tool tip will show more details of the mistake if you jump to a line 232 Errors and Warnings TEXTDI Vlew Messages Log F1lle W11L restore 1 Messages tab will display Some common errors are begin enumerate a RO ARA PAPA TAE OS ERRE A ET ADT Line 16 Visual column O Text column 0 INSERT Messages Log File Errors Undefined control sequence 1 16 Latex The control sequence at the end of the top line of your error message was never def ed If you have misspelled it e g hobx type T and the correct spelling e g ihbox Otherwise just continue and I ll forget about whatever was undefined Figure 17 3 Extract from Log File Showing Error it is also shown if you move the mouse over the mark left from the line numbers Some common errors are listed below 1 If you use one of the special characters 2 5 _ or in your text you will get an error message Typical of such messages are Character included Error Message in error H You can t use macro parameter character in vertical mode 1 9 Missing inserted lt inserted text gt
229. ter the next line which contains two items each of which is 2 columns in length In e The first three columns of the table contain some simple entries The fourth column may need a little more explanation The entry fixed length of two cm shows how entries are wrapped in a column of fixed length The entry fixed newline length shows how to break a cell entry using newline to specify where you want to break the line e The instruction cline 1 3 inserts a partial line in columns 2 and 3 6 4 Footnotes in Tables 105 Example 6 1 Tabular environment begin tabular 1 clr p 2cm hline multicolumn 2 c heading1 amp multicolumn 2 c heading2 hline iteml amp item 2 amp item3 amp item 4 hline a tb amp c fixed length aa amp bb amp cc amp fixed length of two cm AM cline 2 3 aaa amp bbb amp ccc amp fixed newline length AN Total amp Total amp Total amp Total hline end tabular heading1 heading2 iteml item 2 item3 item 4 a b c fixed length aa bb cc fixed length of two cm fixed length Total 6 4 Footnotes in Tables There is no provision for footnotes in tables in basic ATEX The can to some extent be accommodated by a succession of complete row multicolumn statements at the end of the table Perhaps a better way is by loading the threeparttable package The use of this is illustrated in example 6 2 Note the following points
230. tes the columns There are two such signs there are five such signs on each line of the equation system In general if you have n equations on each line there must be 2n 1 alignment signs Each line of the system is ended by In the example the output from each line contains a reference number You can suppress the reference numbers for a particular line by adding a notag or nonumber immediately before the marking the end of the line The align environment produces similar output but the equations are not numbered Example 5 17 Multiple Align points beginfalign label eq align a_ 11 b_ 11 amp a_ 12 amp b_ 12 a_ 13 b_ 13 notag a_ 21 b_ 21 amp a_ 22 amp b_ 22 a_ 23 amp b_ 23 notag a_ 31 amp b_ 31 a_ 32 amp b_ 32 a_ 33 amp end align a11 b11 a12 b12 a21 b21 a22 b22 a23 b23 a3 b31 a32 b32 a33 b33 One may use text command within an align environment to produce line by line annotations of a system of equations Example is adapted from American Mathem atical Society 2002 5 5 6 The alignat and alignat Environments The alignat environment is an extension of the align environment that allows one to set the spacing between columns The format of the environment is 92 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 18 Further Align begin falign x amp y_1 y_2 y_3 y_5 y_8 Adots amp amp text by eqref eq line
231. th 1 renewcommand sectionmark 1 markright thesection 1 fancyhf fancyhead LE RO bfseries thepage fancyhead LO bfseries rightmark fancyhead RE bfseries leftmark fancypagestyle plain fancyhead get rid of headers renewcommand headrulewidth Opt and the line in the text of the document In the front material abstract contents table etc I do not want any material in the headers or footers other than the basic Roman numeral page number in the footer The pagestyle plain command in the frontmatter achieves this effect In the main part of the document the header on the odd numbered pages contains a The section number and section title on the left hand side OR and b the page number on the right hand side OL of the header The header on the even numbered pages contains a the page number on the left hand 140 Other Useful Packages side EL of the header and b the chapter title on the right hand side ER The page number the headers contain a page numbers b chapter title or c section number and section title I also have a decorative line under the header This line is extended to the left on the even numbered pages and to the right on the odd numbered pages The footer is empty Next I explain how the commands in the box above achieve these effects 1 The command pagestylefancy sets the default headers and footers for the fancyhdr package The
232. the packages that may be updated Note that this list may take some time to appear Be patient When the list appears select Next to download the packages Figure shows the progress of the downloads Again this download may be a slow process When the download is completed MiKTeX may spend some time rebuilding the system The actual time taken depends on the speed of your download and of your system Again be patient Occasionally there is an update to the main MiK TeX binaries In this case only the binaries will be ticked for update in figure In this case finish the update process updating only those binaries and when this update is finished rerun the update system again to update any packages that are out of date MiKTeX 2 9 gt MiKTeX on the Web Give Back This is an invitation to sub scribe to the upkeep of MiKTeX MiKTeX 2 9 gt MiKTeX on the Web Known Issues This and the next two items are links to various help available for MiKTeX MiKTeX 2 9 gt MiKTeX on the Web gt MiKTeX Project Page MiKTeX 2 9 MiKTeX on the Web Support 2 3 MiKTeX Maintenance 19 2010 12 20 alphabib Uncategorized alterqcm Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 1506869 2011 06 23 2011 07 30 altfont Formats LaTex LaTex contrib 109601 2001 05 14 2010 12 20 ametsoc Uncategorized 817922 2008 09 05 2010 12 20 amiri Uncategorized 3052955 2012 01 03 amsaddr WFormatslLaTeX LaTeX contrib 31171 2007 02 22 2010 12 20 amsfonts Fonts METAFONT Fonts 793289
233. to set mathematics in bold font 5 4 Sums and Products usepackage bm The mathematics to be included in bold font is simply included between the and signs This is illustrated in the following box Example 5 10 Brackets begin equation hat bm beta left bm X bm X right 1 bm X bm y end equation 5 4 6 Matrices The amsmath package adds six environments which provide facilities to typeset matrices with different delimiters The five environments pmatric bmatrix Bmatrix vmatrix and Vmatrix have respectively and delimiters built in The matrix environment has no delimiters These are illustrated below T11 12 111 12 Til 12 pmatrix bmatrix Bmatrix 21 T22 T21 T22 T21 T22 l 211 12 211 12 Til 12 vmatrix Vmatrix matrix T21 T22 T21 T22 T21 T22 The matrix is set row by row Within a row elements are separated by amp and each row is separated by This is illustrated in the following box Note the use of cdots vdots and ddots commands 86 Mathematics in ATEX Example 5 11 Matrix begin equation bm X begin pmatrix x_ 11 x_ 12 amp cdots amp x_ 1N x_ 21 x_ 22 cdots amp x_ 2N vdots amp vdots amp ddots amp vdots x_ T1 x_ T2 cdots amp x_ TN end pmatrix end equation 5 4 7 Function Names Standard practice is to set mathematical variables in a slanted fon
234. to the com piler As a test of this system I loaded a near complete version of this book on a Nexus 7 2012 tablet and successfully recompiled the document On the initial run missing pack ages were downloaded and installed While subsequent runs were slower than on a PC the edit compile view system was usable even for a large document such as this The TeX Writer app was recently made available for Android At this stage I have not used this app on Android Installing Kile on windows requires the prior installation of a KDE system see http sourceforge net apps mediawiki kile index php title KileQnWindows 24 Installing ATEX 2 6 A BT X system The purpose of this section is to explain some of the processes that one can complete using a few mouse clicks in TeXstudio Before the advent of GUIs it was necessary to compile your TEX files using the DOS console or a Linux terminal process An understanding of these processes would be helpful if you have a non standard TEX installation and need to configure the GUI program that you are using You will have noticed by now that your ATEX distribution contains a large number of pro file tex grams The diagram on the left illustrates two ways in which these programs can be used to produce a pdf pdf file from a ATFX tex file The graphical user interface in TeXstudio which is described in chapter 3 can be used to operate these programs by means of a series
235. ts See Equation 5 1 Note the following e I have defined a label eq line which I can use to reference the equation with the TEX statement equation ref eq line which produces equation BT If you insert or delete any numbered equation IAT FX will revise the reference numbers to all other equations as necessary and also correct any existing references to the equations within the document In TeXstudio as you type say ref eq you will be presented with a list of possible completions of the label on the equation Choose the correct completion and press enter and TeXstudio will complete the typing of the reference for you e The equation numbers are by default set on the right of the equation Adding the option leqno to the initial documentclass statement places equation numbers on the left hand side e The documentclass option fleqn sets equations justified on the left hand side By default they are centred as is the practice here e have used the example to show how to set out the limits on a definite integral The ATpXcommand int produces the integral f sign The lower limit is produced by the underscore in _ infty The upper limit is produced by the in x If there is more than one character in the upper or lower limits one must enclose the characters in braces With a single character in the limits a brace is not necessary Open and close braces define a kind of block on which the command before the open
236. ts of your local organisation e g page layout formats corporate logos trademarks etc 3 TeXstudio provides a quick start wizard Wizards Quick Start which is illustrated in figure The defaults on this wizard are a suitable starting point for a paper You may at a later stage add extra templates to this wizard This could of course include a template to satisfy the requirements of your organisation 4 You can of course use a combinations of the relevant LaTeX menu items and typing to produce your preamble 5 Your preamble may be based on the sample preambles are given in Chapters to 14 In the next four sections I will give some details of the preamble and main text parts of the LATEX paper Mathematical material table generation and graphics are covered in chapters 6 and 7 respectively 4 2 ETRX commands 4 2 1 Format of a BTfX command A XTRX command consists of e a followed by a string of letters e a single special character amp _ and See section 4 4 2 e a single followed by a single non letter e g XQ The first of these is the most important for the time being The end of a such a command is any non letter If a command is ended by a space all spaces following that space are ignored The impact of this is discussed in subsection 4 4 3 A LXT X command may contain two kinds of parameters options Mandatory Mandatory parameters if required are included between braces
237. typeset it for you You are only responsible for the content You must of course tell ATX e What type of document you are trying to produce i e an article a book a letter slides for a presentation etc IAT X can produce many variants of these basic documents e Divide your document into parts chapters sections subsections etc as required e Include and specify various special items such as lists graphs and tables e Include mathematical symbols other symbols equations and other mathematical structures e That you need a contents list and or lists of tables and or figures e To include citations and a bibliography and e To compile and include an index The rest is up to ATEX In pre computer days communication between author and typesetter was achieved by adding handwritten annotations in the form of conventional symbolic printer s instruc tions in the margins and text of a paper manuscript or printed proof This procedure was known as mark up Introduction In this computer age we can use the IATPX mark up language to provide printer s in structions to the ATEX system Given the text and BIFX mark up TeX will then typeset the document As part of this process ATRX e will place tables and figures in appropriate places in the document e will typeset mathematical material e will manage the numbering of parts sections etc tables figures footnotes equa tions and references to these items within the do
238. w Ghostscript is an interpreter for the postscript language and PDF Gsview is a Windows interface to ghostscript Gsview ghostscript can be used to read and manipulate postscript and pdf files and may be needed at a later stage Installing them at this stage will simplify the installation of some later additional programs that require access to postscript routines You may download the latest version of ghostscript from There are 32 bit and 64 bit versions of the program The 64 bit version requires a 64 bit version of Windows The 32 bit version will run in both 32 and 64 bit versions of Windows Download the relevant installation program and run it You can accept the defaults Once you have installed ghostscript you may download the gsview install program from http pages cs wisc edu ghost gsview index htm and run it Again you can accept the defaults On some occasions gsview may be useful as a pdf reader 2 2 Installing BTpxX There are two comprehensive ATEX Windows installation programs MiKTeX currently version 2 9 and TeX Live A new version of TeX Live is issued annually MiKTeX is somewhat more accessible to beginners and easier to use and maintain TeX Live is more comprehensive but a little more difficult to install and maintain I usually use MiKTeX on Windows and TeX Live on Linux If you have a recent TeX Live installation on your The installation programs described here install complete TEX or ATX syste
239. wrence matueave html He proposes to use the comment system available in Matlab octave and IATpX The idea is that one embeds Matlab Octave code in your ATEX document This ATEX code is used to read data do calculations report results generate graphs and tables which can be included in the TEX document This approach is very useful if you may need to reproduce the analysis with a revised data set It also allows the analysis to be easily replicated The original file contains active Matlab octave code and IATRX code as Matlab octave block comments This file is first processed by Matlab or octave which analyses the data and produces the required results for inclusion in the report The second trick is to include the verbatim package in the preamble and define new Matlab Octave Block comments are available in Matlab version R14 and later and Octave from version 3 2 9 4 Some Statistical Econometric Packages and ATX 155 environments based on comment and verbatim allowing you to treat the octave input as comments A IATRX sequence will then produce the required output 9 4 4 R and PTRX R has more TeX functionality than the other programs considered here If you are already using R you are probably familiar with at least some of this functionality I will restrict myself to just listing a few of the facilities If your work or research involves heavy statistical analysis R is recommended The task views on http cran r p
240. y narrow space No Inserts a medium space Ni Inserts a standard inter word space _ is a white space character Inserts a negative thin space 3 Inserts a thick space Inserts an end of sentence space after a full stop which is preceded by a capital letter Table 4 2 Space Generating Commands In any document the words on a line are separated by an inter word space In the traditional approach in English documents sentences are separated by a wider space This is the approach used in this document In some other languages and in modern English usage sentences are separated by a standard inter word space 50 Basic ATRX Syntax The default in IATFX is the traditional approach When TX encounters a full stop followed by a white space it assumes that the full stop signifies the end of a sentence and it inserts extra space If the full stop is preceded by a capital letter it assumes that the full stop marks an abbreviation and inserts a standard inter word space Usually this works well but occasionally the rule does not worl Example 4 1 Space after abbreviation He bought pen paper etc for his report He bought pen paper etc for his report He bought pen paper etc for his report He bought pen paper etc for his report In the first line of output in example 4 1 there is to much space after the full stop Here LXT EX thinks that the sentence ends at the full stop and inserts an inter sentence
241. yle in such matters it is probably more important that your style is consistent Sometimes the style may not do what you require or expect For example if a biblio graphic journal item contains Microsoft Excel you may wish to retain the upper case M and E In McCullough and Heiser 2008 I required capital letters on Microsoft Excel and specified the title as title On the accuracy of statistical procedures in M icrosoft E xcel 2007 Enclosing any text here the M and the E in braces and ensures that the case is preserved Thus it is good practice to enclose the first letter of a proper name or abbreviations such as IMF in braces to ensure that they are not changed to lower case If you have any of the ATEX special characters in the title they must be dealt with in the same way as in the body of the document The Publisher and year fields do not need any explanation The author field needs some more explanation If there is a single author his name is entered as author first names surname or author surname first names Thus author John C Frain and author Frain John C are equivalent If there is no comma in the author field the last name is regarded as the surname If there is a comma or commas then what precedes the final comma is regarded as the surname If the author has a double surname the comma form must be used and the double surname 15 1 Introduction 213 given bef
242. ymbols produces 4th These commands can be accessed from TeXstudio in similar ways to the size commands in section 4 5 2 4 5 3 Additional Text Symbols 2009 lists some 5913 text or mathematical symbols and the corresponding ATEX commands that produce them The usual user will only require a small subset of these symbols The following code includes the fontenc and textcomp packages These pack ages are highly recommended as they increase the quality and range of characters avail able usepackage T1 fontenc usepackage textcomp Figure gives examples of various accented text symbols that can be generated by EXT X These symbols can be accessed from the accented letters and the two miscel laneous text symbols buttons on the left hand side of the structure pane This document is available on my MiKTeX system as C MiKTeX 2 9 doc info symbols comprehensive symbol a4 pdf 4 5 Text Enhancements 61 4 5 4 Symbol I recommend that you load the eurosym package if you need to use the symbol usepackage left eurosym This gives you the euro command which produces The additional command EUR amount produces a good typeset version of amount For example EUR 1 234 567 89 produces 1 234 567 89 4 5 5 Dashes and Dots 6699 Dashes Dashes of various sizes are produced with one two or three charac ters 6699 e The single is the standard hyphen e g
243. you have administrator rights have installed for all users as recommended then use the Admin links that follow MiKTeX 2 9 Maintenance gt Settings MiKTeX 2 9 Maintenance gt Update MikTeX 2 9 Maintenance Admin Package Manager Admin This opens a window similar to that in figure 2 2 Package Manager is described in Chapter 5 of the MikTeX manual It is a relatively easy way to install extra packages Simply select the packages and press the button MiKTeX 2 9 Maintenance Admin gt Settings Admin This opens a win dow similar to that in figure On the general tab you can set default paper size and the procedure to be followed if you try to use a missing package Perhaps a colleague has given you a IAT X file that needs a package not installed on your system If you are connected to the internet you may ask that MiKTeX will down load and install the missing package for you This is simpler than the procedure in the previous heading The other tabs allow one to set some more advanced features of the system These are for a more advanced user and are covered in the Mik TeX manual MikTeX 2 9 Maintenance Admin Update Admin This is the main up date procedure provided by MikKTeX It provides a way of keeping your Mik TeX system up to date I update my system every few months The longer you wait the longer the adjustment process takes I know several persons who have not updated their system for a considerable tim
244. ype beginfe Select beginfequation from the drop down box TeXstudio will the insert the begin and end statements To insert an a type Nal and select alpha from the drop down box 3 If the first few letters of a command are unique you can type type them and then the Tab key to complete the command Thus if you type Om followed by the tab key the command Omega is completed This gives the Greek capital Q 4 You may copy first alpha and paste where you need it later 5 You may even type the complete MITEX command If you make frequent use of a command and are comfortable with the keyboard you may find the keyboard a convenient way to enter ATEX commands 6 You may of course use a combination of these methods Use whichever you find most convenient I suspect that beginners will find the first two methods more convenient and utilize the other methods as they become more familiar with ATEX The equation and equation environments produce a single equation The equation version is numbered and the starred version is not numbered In this example the equa tion is clearly displayed separately from the text on it s own line Thus the term Display Math Example 5 3 is an example of the numbered equation environment 5 2 The equation and equation Environments 77 Example 5 3 Equation environment begin equation label eq line F x int_ infty xf u rd u end equation See Equation ref eq line do

Applied LATEX for Economists, Social Scientists and Others

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