Network Monitoring with SNMP
Contents
1. i IPSWITCH Network Monitoring with SNMP This document describes how SNMP is used in WhatsUp Gold v11 and provides examples on how to configure performance active and passive monitors IPSWITC Introduction SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol enables WhatsUp Gold to monitor and manage network performance report and troubleshoot network problems and better prepare for future network growth It is a flexible technology that can be used across operating systems and device types For example the SNMP agent on a router can provide information about the device s network configuration and operations such as the device s network interfaces routing tables and network traffic statistics The Management Information Base MIB is like a two way interpreter for WhatsUp Gold The MIB lets an SNMP agent such as WhatsUp Gold know what Object Identifier OID or SNMP objects the remote device understands and provides a structure for the SNMP agent to communicate with the device The OID is displayed as a series of numbers separated by dots that represent where on the MIB Tree the object is located The target device such as a router already understands the commands that it supports and how it will respond or intrepret to commands it receives The structure or rules of the MIB is defined in SMI Structure of Management Information files also called MIB files WhatsUp Gold supports SMI v1 and v2 How WhatsUp Gold Uses SNMP2. Click OK The Add New Device dialog opens Click OK WhatsUp Gold scans the IP address using the SNMP community string to identify the device When the scan is complete Device Properties for that device appears 9 Click Performance Monitors The Device Properties Performance Monitors dialog opens 10 Click New The Select Performance Monitor dialog opens 11 In the What type of monitor would you like to create list select SNMP Performance Monitor then click OK The Add SNMP Performance Counter dialog opens Add SNMP Performance Monitor x Name Description Enables Custom Performance Monitor reports Performance counter Instance Collection interval min Timeout sec Retries a S 12 Enter Temperature Sensor in F inthe Name box 13 Click the browse button The SNMP MIB Walker dialog opens Note Make sure that the manufacturer s MIB for the temperature sensor has been added to the lt install directory gt WhatsUp Data Mibs folder in the installation directory Note After adding a new MIB you need to restart the WhatsUp Gold web interface or console application and restart the web service Also to use polling you need to restart the WhatsUp Gold engine service after adding a MIB Network Monitoring with SNMP 6 14 Browse to the specific performance counter in the MIB See the device documentation for more information about the MIB options The Object ID OID box automatically enters the OID yo
3. In WhatsUp Gold there are three types of SNMP Monitors that you can assign to a device Passive Monitors Active Monitors and Performance Monitors The differences between these monitors come in the way they gather and report data e Active Active Monitors query network services installed on a device then wait on the response e Performance These monitors gather data about specific properties on a device that is then presented visibly in performance graphs e Passive These monitors listen for specific types of information sent from a device Device Properties Printer X These monitors are stored in their Properte Credentials and SNM m Credentials Library X respective library and are associated to individual devices through device properties To read data on an SNMP device WhatsUp Gold must have permissions to access the device When configuring the monitors for acne devices you must provide the a s proper SNMP credential a read A E community string for SNMPv1 or nee SNMPv2 or a SNMPv3 user for the devices being monitored SNMP credentials are configured in the Credentials Library and selected for a device in the Credentials section of Device Properties If you do not supply the proper SNMP credentials for a device WhatsUp Gold cannot gather statistics or use the specified monitor for the device If you do not supply the proper SNMP read community string or SNMP credential WhatsUp Gold canno
4. oe et eee ee ia 8 iam v lt si gt Object ID fi 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 1 1 7 14 You also want to know when a critical warning is sent from the printer so click Add again The Rules Expression Editor opens 15 In the Expression box enter 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 1 1 2 3 We know from the description of the instance that 3 is the code for critical warning Click OK The SNMP Passive Monitor Instance dialog opens Network Monitoring with SNMP 13 16 17 18 19 20 Click OK to add the monitor to the Passive Monitor Library then click Close to record the selection of the new monitor type Right click the device you want to add the newly created Passive Monitor to then select Properties The Device Properties dialog opens Click Passive Monitors then click Add The Select Passive Monitor Type dialog opens In the Which Passive Monitor type would you like to add list select SNMP Trap and in the Which Passive Monitor would you like to add list select Printer Alerts the Passive Monitor created earlier in this procedure then click Next The Setup Actions for Passive Monitors dialog opens Click Add the Select or Create Acton dialog opens Select from the options Select an action from the Action Library or Create an action then follow the remaining dialogs to build a list of actions When a trap is received that matches the Passive Monitor payload these actions are fired to alert you A
5. their OIDs are recorded and a Credential entry is added for the device Note When WhatsUp Gold is installed a default SNMPv1 credential named Public Read Community is created by default When adding a single device click the Advanced button on the Add New Device dialog to enter the SNMP read string for the device you are adding If correct the OID is recorded in device properties for that device and an SNMP credential is created for the string used Supported Versions of SNMP WhatsUp Gold supports SNMPv1 SNMPv2c and SNMPv3 SNMPv1 and v2c are very similar in the way the application communicates with a device SNMPvS reports the same data as v2 but uses a different authentication scheme Instead of community strings v3 devices require a username and password to poll to the device In addition users can be configured on the v3 device to have the data packets encrypted before they are sent to a device requesting the SNMP information Creating SNMP Monitors The following sections provide further details on creating SNMP monitors in WhatsUp Gold Each monitor type is described and real world scenarios and solutions are used to give you ideas on how to use SNMP Monitors on your network Network Monitoring with SNMP 3 Adding MIB to WhatsUp Gold In some cases you may want to add MIB files to the WhatsUp Gold system to make it easier to find specific OIDs within the MIB file If you are reporting and alerting on non en
6. 43 18 1 1 2 Since you want to be alerted when an SNMP Trap payload contains the Toner Low message in the prtAlertCode table configure the Match On to show 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 1 1 7 1104 1104 is the code for toner low Click OK Note Since the character is used as a match expression you have to add a to the expression before each Character For example Te Oe Gate ae ek te ae ak ee E Rules Expression Editor d fx Expression 1X 3 6 1 2 1 43 16 1y 1X 7 110 Match case C Invert result Comparison text nter your comparison text here Note The printer alert information is available in the MIB browser by browsing to 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 1 1 7 A list of possible values display under Enumeration Values SNMP MIB Walker m MIB Tree Type Enumeration in prtAlertDies Access Read Only Label prtAlertCod iso org dod internet mgmt mib 2 printmib prtA lert Description The code that describes the type of alert for this entry in the table There are prtAlertGror different codes for each sub unit type for example Media Supply Low and Media Supply ptAletGroi i Empty are Aler codes for the Input sub unit prtAlertTrai Enumerations prtAlertLoc 1 other ptAletSev gt unknown 3 coverOpen F prtAlertinde 4 naan prtConsoleLights 5 interlockOpen 6 interlockClosed prtConsoleDisplayBuffe 7 configurationChange
7. P 11 b Inthe MIB Tree browse to mgmt gt mib 2 gt printmib gt prtAlert gt printerV1Alert gt printerV2AlertPrefix gt printerV2Alert This object defines a trap or notification in the MIB On the right pane information about this trap may display the Enterprise OID and Major and Minor Numbers Enterprise OID 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 2 printerV2Alert Generic type Major 6 Specific type Minor 1 SNMP MIB Walker Aia MIB Tree al Type Notification Access Unknown or hy 2 3 printerV2AlertP Label iso org dod internet mgmt mib 2 printmib prtAlert prir Description This trap is sent whenever a critical 8 amp prtAlertT able event is added to the prtAlertTable prtConsoleLights f prtConsoleDisplayBuffe prtlnterpreter prtChannel prtMediaPath prtMarkerColorant prtMarkerSupplies Fom eme dA lt I gt Fi FA Object 1D 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 2 0 1 12 Click OK The SNMP Passive Monitor Instance dialog opens 13 The printerV2Alert is defined with two objects in its payload prtAlertCode and prtSeverityLevel We want to match only if the alert code contains a certain value In the Payload box click Add to build the expressions you want to match on for the passive monitor payload The Rules Expression Editor opens In this example you browsed the MIB Browser and found the OIDs for ortAlertCode 1 3 6 1 2 1 43 18 1 1 7 and prtSeverityLevel 1 3 6 1 2 1
8. The Device Properties Performance Monitors dialog opens Click OK 19 Click Close to add the monitor and begin collecting data Network Monitoring with SNMP It will take several polls to produce enough data to see informative data on the graph After you have enough data you can view the performance reports 1 In the Device View or Map View right click the device you for which you created the monitor then select Device Reports The Report View opens to the Device Reports list EDIE Reports Z Home 53 Devices tad Reports Performance CPU Utilization CPU Utilization statistics for a device Custom Performance Monitors View information on your devices collected by custom performance monitors Disk Utilization Disk space and utilization statistics for a device Interface Utilization Interface traffic and utilization statistics for a device m Memory Utilization Memory utilization statistics for a device m Ping Availability i Availability statistics for a device Ping Response Time Ping response times for an individual device Report Category Device i Help Problem Areas Active Monitor Availability Find out when the active monitors on your device have been accessible Performance Monitor Error Log A record of Performance Monitor errors for a individual device E SNMP Trap Log A record of SNMP traps WhatsUp has received from a device _ State Change Timeline Examine the st
9. at you used in the Performance Monitor options then click OK The Add SNMP dialog opens 9 Inthe Check type list select Range of Values 10 The temperature sensor reports the temperature 60 F as 600 Therefore enter 600 in the Low value box as the lowest temperature that should be in the server room 11 Enter 700 in the High value box since anything over 70 F is considered too high for the server room then click OK The Active Monitor Library dialog opens Network Monitoring with SNMP 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 Click Close 13 Return to the Device View or Map View select the device you are creating an Active Monitor for right click and select Device Properties The Device Properties dialog opens Click Active Monitors The Device Properties Active Monitors dialog opens Click Add The Select Active Monitor Type dialog opens In the What type of Active Monitor would you like to add to this device list select Temperature Range then click Next The Set Polling Properties dialog opens Make sure the Enable Polling for this Active Monitor is selected then click Next The Setup Actions for Monitor State Changes dialog opens Select the type of action you want to use for the monitor Select an Action Policy that you have configured through the Action Policy Library or select Apply individual actions to build a list of actions that you select from the Action Library See the Help for more informatio
10. ate change history of all the monitors on a device m Syslog Entries A record of Syslog messages WhatsUp has received from a device m Windows Event Log A device s Windows system events captured by WhatsUp General Device Status A detailed look at a specific device gt Disk CPU Memory gt General p Problem Areas p Router Switch Interface 2 Click the Custom Performance Monitors report This report shows the data collected on the device since the monitor was activated The report graphs all of the temperature readings gathered at the specified interval You can change the date and time of the displayed data to show more detail on the graph Below the graph the summary bar shows the maximum minimum and average value for the time period selected DO ED Custom Performance Monitors Temperature i __ More Device Reports y g Device Properties i Probe Custom Performance Monitor Export Favorites Help Home Devices la Reports Date range Today la eo Select Monitor SSS Edd Char Properti Temp Sensor in F x ARS EEN oa x x LU End time 2 13 2007 E 12 00 AM m February 12 2007 TAE 12 00 am 200am 4 00am 6 00am 8 00am 10 00 am 12 00 pm 2 00pm 4 00pm 6 00pm 8 00pm 10 00 pm 12 00 am Summary Minimum Maximum Average 71 2 74 4 72 39 Network Monitoring with SNMP 8 Using an SNMP Active Monitor Now that you have several days of performance data for your device you notice that you had occasional s
11. bout Ipswitch Founded in 1991 Ipswitch Inc develops easy to use affordable software products that extend mission critical IT resources for businesses and improve efficiency for consumers Its product family includes WS_FTP Professional the world s most popular FTP client WS_FTP Server with 128 bit SSL encryption the first industrial strength full featured FTP server for Windows NT 2000 XP WhatsUp Gold a leading network mapping monitoring notification and reporting tool IMail Anti Virus an add on product powered by Symantec s CarrierScan and Ipswitch Instant Messaging a secure Instant Messaging solution specifically designed for businesses Network Monitoring with SNMP 14
12. hatsUp Gold to monitor and chart the temperature readings on the sensor Following are the steps to configure this type of monitor 1 Right click on the map you want to add the temperature sensor to 2 From the right mouse menu select New Device The Add New Device dialog opens 3 Enter the temperature sensor s IP address then click Advanced The Device Discovery Properties dialog opens Device Discovery Properties F fx Select Active Monitors to be used in the scan process Monitor Name Description Ia LOI DNS Domain Name Service LI Echo TCP Echo Monitor LI FTP File Transfer Protocol FTP Serer Ll HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web Set LI HTTPS Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol Me is Mm al Select Performance Monitors to be used in the scan process Performance Counter al O CPU Utilization Ol Disk Utilization l Interface Utilization LJ Memory Utilization les 2 Cl Use comprehensive discovery L Resolve host name Timeout msi Retry count LJ Identity device via SNMP boo 8 F Poo SNMP read communities public Windows credentials None o 4 Clear any selected Active Monitors and Performance Counter monitors except for the Ping active monitor Network Monitoring with SNMP 5 5 Check the Identify device via SNMP and Resolve host name options then click OK 6 Enter the read community string in the SNMP read box In this case the string is public
13. indows Trap Listener off first In the web interface Device View or Map View right click the printer device you are creating a Passive Monitor for then select Properties The Device Properties dialog opens Click Passive Monitors The Device Properties Passive Monitors dialog opens Click Add The Select Passive Monitor Type dialog opens Network Monitoring with SNMP 10 7 Since you do not have an active monitor of this type configured in the Passive Monitor Library click Browse The Passive Monitor Library dialog opens Click New The Select Passive Monitor Type dialog appears In the What type of monitor would you like to create list select SNMP Trap then click OK The SNMP Passive Monitor Instance dialog opens SNMP Passive Monitor Instance fx Name Description SNMP passive monitor Enterprise OID Generic type Major Specific type Minor Any x Fayload Match On a i a 10 In the Name box enter Printer Alerts 11 In the Generic type Major box select 6 Enterprise Specific If you know your MIB parameters enter them in the Generic type Major and Specific type Minor and Enterprise OID boxes You can also browse the MIB browser to select the Enterprise OID in the tree If you don t you can look for the trap object in the tree and get this information a Click the Browse button next to the Enterprise OID box The SNMP MIB Walker dialog opens Network Monitoring with SNM
14. n Enables Disk Utilization reports Copy nterface Utilization Enables Interface Utilization reports Disk Uti lization Memory Utilization Enables Memory Utilization reports Ping Latency and Availability Enables Ping Availability reports e l nte rface Bandwidth Uti lization Temp Sensor in C Convert Farenheit to Celcius Temp Sensor in F Enables Custom Performance Monitor reports e Memory Uti lization Temperature in F x 10 Enables Custom Performance Monitor reports These monitors represent the majority of performance issues encountered in the day to day operation of networked devices If you need to monitor other values reported on the device you must create a custom performance monitor for that device Performance Monitor Library The following example shows why you might need to create a custom performance monitor and how to create the monitor for the device Network Monitoring with SNMP 4 Example It is important to keep your server room at a constant temperature If the temperature is too low or too high some of your hardware could be damaged or the room could be uncomfortable for those who must work in the room on a regular basis The thermostat on the cooling unit is set at 65 degrees Fahrenheit Recently more devices have been added to the room and you are not sure the cooling unit can keep up with the additional heat sources You install a SNMP enabled temperature sensor in the server room and want to configure W
15. n on the action options Click Finish to begin using this active monitor on the device Now that the monitor is configured you are alerted when the temperature reported by the sensor falls outside of the acceptable temperature range An SNMP Passive Monitor Many people depend on a particular network printer to publish business critical reports When the printer is down the print queue grows quite large before anyone notices that their reports are not printing This causes unacceptable printing delays You have been tasked with monitoring this printer to make sure the toner is at an acceptable level and that there are no errors keeping the printer from functioning properly To do this monitoring you decide to create an SNMP Passive Monitor that listens for a critical error message or a message that says the toner level is low 1 Configure the device to send SNMP Traps to your WhatsUp Gold computer View the device s User Manual or contact your hardware vendor manufacturer for instructions to configure this In the WhatsUp Gold console turn on the SNMP Trap Listener Click Configure gt Program Options gt Passive Monitor Listeners gt SNMP Trap gt Configure The SNMP Configuration dialog opens Click to select Listen for messages on port 162 Click OK to turn the listener on then click OK Note If you have Windows Trap Listener enabled on the WhatsUp Gold computer the SNMP Trap Listener will not work You must turn the W
16. pikes in the data that you cannot account for You can t tell if a door was left open a device was turned on or if there is something else that would explain this type of spike You decide that you want to be notified when one of the spikes occurs but only if the spike is in your opinion too high To do this you can create an active monitor that watches the returned value and makes sure that the value falls in an acceptable range To create this monitor 1 In the web interface click Go gt Configure gt Active Monitor Library The Active Monitor Library dialog opens Click New The Select Active Monitor Type dialog opens In the What type of Active Monitor would you like to create list select SNMP Monitor then click OK The Add SNMP Monitor dialog opens Add SNMP Monitor Xx Name Description SNMP active monitor ObjactID Instance Check type Constant Value Constant value a A eT lf the value matches then the monitor is Up Lok 4 Inthe Name box enter Temperature Range Click the browse button The MIB Browser dialog opens In the Select counters from computer box enter the IP address of the device for which you re setting up the Active Monitor 7 Inthe SNMP v1 v2 v3 credentials list select the public credentials from the list then click OK The SNMP MIB Walker dialog opens 8 Browse to the specific performance counter in the MIB Select the same Object ID and Instance th
17. t gather statistics or use v TETTEIT SNMP E g m 2 Network Monitoring with SNMP 2 the specified monitor for that device Note SNMP Passive Monitors traps do not require credentials Using SNMP in Device Discovery During device discovery you can scan your W Device Discovery Properties sx network with SNMP SmartScan Use the Select ve Motors to be une he sean proces SNMP read community strings separated by 2 tes Devi Dicovery Wizard x commas entered on the SNMP SmartScan oom Settings dialog to get a list of devices from an PA aaisa 7 SNMP device that supports the IP MIB such as an enabled router After the devices are found the devices are checked for information about the network and whether they respond to any of the community strings that were entered during the discovery WhatsUp Gold does this by a ee asking for the SYSOBJECTID 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 2 If the device answers we me know that it is SNMP enabled Also if the A xl ce device does respond to the request for the SYSOBJECTID WhatsUp Gold takes additional steps to check if any of the SNMP based Active or Performance monitors selected during the Discovery dialog respond to any of the community strings When the discovery occurs as long as one credential finds at least one device the credential is added to the Credentials Library The devices that are SNMP enabled are identified scanned for active and performance monitors
18. terprise OIDs you may be able to use the MIB files already installed with the application To add the MIB file to the application copy the file to the lt install directory gt WhatsUp Data Mibs folder in your installation directory After the MIB is in that directory you must restart the WhatsUp Gold application to see the MIB in the MIB Browser Note If you are using the WhatsUp Gold web interface you need to restart the web service after adding a MIB Also to use polling you need to restart the WhatsUp Gold engine service after adding a MIB Where to get MIBs If you do not have the MIB files you need for your devices contact the device manufacturer or search their website If you still cannot find the proper file there are several online resources that you can try Ipswitch http www ipswitch com products whatsup index asp t mib_library Cisco http www cisco com public sw center netmgmt cmtk mibs shtml mibDepot http www mibdepot com index shtml Standard MIBs are published as RFCs Request for Comments and can be downloaded from the official RFC repository at http www ietf org ric Using SNMP Performance Monitors WhatsUp Gold is installed with four default performance monitors that use SNMP to monitor specific types of performance data Performance Monitor Library 2 x on your network devices a Desoription CPU Utilizati CPU Utilization Enables CPU Utilization reports we Hzation Disk Utilizatio
19. u selected from the MIB Tree SNMP MIB Walker F x Select counters from computer i92 168 3 158 MIB Tree l Pmpany birla udp il ifSpecific 1 3 6 1 2 1 26 4 16 udpMIB 3 ifOutQLen 0 L snmp ifOutErrors 0 1 system ifOutDiscards 0 ianaifType ifOutNUcastPkts 215343085 a interfaces ifOutUcastPkts 88080949 I i Table ifOutGctets 3229605848 S ifEntry ifInUnknownP rotos 0 E ifInErrors 0 mae iflnDiscards 0 Ia m Object ID Instance pe Type Object Identifier Access Read Only Label iso org dod internet mgmt mib 2 interfaces fT able fEntry iS pectic Description A reference to MIB definitions specific to the particular media being used to realize the interface It is recommended that this value point to an instance of a MIB object in the media specitic MIB ie that this object have the semantics associated with the InstancePointer textual convention ry a AET O ee a a Tar a EE FEET E E E ee E 1 E S a r r ee r E E S Illl 15 Select a Property from the Property list on the right side The Instance box displays the Instance value based on the Property you select 16 Click OK The Add SNMP Performance Monitor dialog opens 17 In the Collection Interval min box enter 5 to have WhatsUp Gold collect the data on the device every five minutes 18 Enter a value for the Timeout sec and Retries then click OK
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