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Control Software op. manual

1. For instance for a link at 100Hz with 4 order Bessel filters it will be necessary to lower the Low Pass filter to 875 HZ and increase the High Pass to 1250Hz You can check it on the Final Response screen activating the crossover effect and watching only the two output of the link Mute the remaining outputs on the screen Gains so they will not interfere in the total sum activating the Add response and observing how the link is As you can adjust independently the upper and lower cuts of each crossover filter you will be free to create new asymmetric crossover with different frequencies slopes and types of filter this is necessary in many real cases where the use of these asymmetric crossovers electrically speaking provides the electroacoustic links you require In the curve of Sub1 and Sub2 only Sub1 for LMS 221 a Low Pass filter will appear in 470 Hz even if there isn t any filter placed in this crossover This is the resulting of the bass real output has this cut response This way you will see the bass sub bass real curve at any time 500 1000 2000 S000 10000 Frequency 16 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 8 Output Levels You have already identified the mode and the ways you are going to work with Now you will have to configure the gains of each output according to your needs If you press any Gain button the following window will appear Output Levels Ioj x OUT
2. SUBR ma Xover6 Xovere Filter Order JCrossOver Configuration T Bbecemececmeccendocedacocuacedbeoocceeaobeseeccloecocnunoodemnocuonoodibeosoocdhec M V CESESIE TC NC TO E COE IR COE M EXT C a a M OO OCDE IC C NCOY D COXC XC DIE a a hk X SCORE SC en SEO NES r HP P i M pr 20 m gam mm mm mmm rmm aa mmm mmn iem m m mm mcm m m mm d Reference labels CrossOver to edit AA A RA 2UUUU Filter response Buttons to show the curves or not The two columns show the lower cut High Pass Filter and upper cut Low Pass Filter in which you will be able to configure cuts Freq the type of filter used for the Crossover Filter and the Order of each filter to adjust the slope To edit values just go to the desired box and enter the values with the keyboard or modify them with the mouse with the up and down arrows near the numeric value When pressing Enter or leaving the box the value becomes effective You will select the Crossover to edit with the buttons in Modify Next to them you will find the labels with the name of each output As in PEQ below the display you will see the value of the frequency and Magnitude or the current crossover filter Phase in the position in which the mouse Is The following filters and slopes are available O O O O Bypass Without filter Linkwitz Riley 12
3. Start button and then look for CONTROL SOFTWARE Click on the icon of the program If you have created a direct access on the desktop of Windows just double click on the icon Once the application is launched you will be asked which port your processor is connected to There are four possibilities To work offline With the processor connected to the USB With the processor connected to the COM1 With the processor connected to the COM2 NEN If you want to work with the processor connected to your computer in order to configure it take the USB or Serial cable and connect one end to the corresponding port USB COM1 or COM2 and the other one on the front panel of the LMS Controller It is recommendable not to connect simultaneously both USB and serial cables Otherwise the USB will have priority being unable to connect through COM Serial aia When selecting USB COM1 or COM2 the Serial Interface communication with the processor is established and Comunicason Port COMI the communication screen will appear If the communication is correctly established this one will disappear immediately giving way to the main coder bald Pagal screen of the program If there is any problem in the communication an error message will appear Error x Comunication ERROR Please verify that the COM port selected is correct and there isn t a USB Connected and your LMS 266 unit is in its Main Menu RAM Audi
4. both In the Tools menu you have access to options like read create or save configurations as well as a button for help or any option related to communication with the processor making a connection reading and storage of configurations in the memory activating the password locking the keyboard of the LMS Controller and updating the program of the DSP The Status bar shows the status of the connection with the processor Offline USB COM1 or COM2 With the System button you can give a name to a new configuration and add data such as name of the project engineer or technician in charge and comments With the Copy button you can copy the parameters from one output to another With Input and Output labels you can define a name for inputs and outputs as references for future windows By pressing the red LED you can choose to work in real time or not It is recommendable to make the whole configuration with this LED inactive and to use real time only to modify or correct in situ a configuration with the connected equipment RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Configuration Buttons Total Freq Response Copy PEQS Equalization With this button you can configure the equalization parameters of each output There are filters per output except the sub way which has only 3 You can select between Parametric Low and High Shelving with 6dB oct Low Pass and High Pass with or without Q Band Pass
5. electrical response it will be necessary to invert the phase of the way of the lowest frequencies when you will do the following 2 order Butterworth with the same frequency in lower and upper cut 2 order Linkwitz Riley with the same frequency in lower and upper cut 2 order Bessel with the same frequency in lower and upper cut 2 order Bessel in lower cut and 4 order in upper cut or viceversa with the same frequency cut O O O O 1 for the sub way upper cut is only available up to 4 order 15 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual In the case of LinkWitz Riley the ideal total electric response is 4 4 order and 2 2 with phase inverted There is an increase of 3dB for Butterworth and a ripple of 2 dB approximately in Bessel However you get a better response in the cross way zone because in these configurations the common out of phase problems have been solved Nevertheless do not forget the response of the transducer connected to this way as it also has an influence on the final phase response For design reasons Bessel filters upper cuts frequencies are limited according to the filter order These limits for 2 and 4 order are 18800 14900 It is possible to nearly get flat links with a ripple in the cross band using the same type of crossover filter and order but modifying band frequency cuts lowering a little bit the Low Pass filter cut and increasing the High Pass cut
6. parameters threshold compression ratio knee velocity response etc On the left hand diagram you can see the dynamic curve It expresses the relation between the input signal level in decibels and the output If you do not want the dynamic to operate press the Bypass button to cancel it The adjustment of the dynamic parameters is really important for the safety of the loudspeakers not only the threshold but also the release and velocity response Depending on these parameters more or less peaks will pass on the fixed threshold As far as the six available dynamics are concerned configuration characteristics will be common for pairs Out1 Out2 Out3 Out4 and Sub1 Sub2 for LMS 266 For LMS 221 outputs Out1 Out2 will have their configuration in common and the Sub another one For a correct functioning of the dynamic and the fixed threshold the processor always has to work with signal on the two inputs because the dynamic uses common signal detectors for both inputs If one output is not used you should mute it from the Gains window so that the detector will not include it in the dynamic detector 21 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual RMS Compressor and Limiter Compressors and limiters are used to modify the signal dynamic We use compressors to reduce the dynamic range from a certain threshold and limiters not to let the signal pass to a preset level The behaviour of compressors and limiters is desc
7. to each Way With the Route buttons you will select which input signal takes each output For this each Route button will take the superior input the inferior input or the Mono signal of both each time it is pressed p gt B ie I so li Showing it in the route image from witch input takes the signal according to the position that shows the selector 3 6 PEQS Parametric Equalization After the route section you will find the PEQS Equalizations By pressing any of them the next window will appear where you will be able to give the equalization to each main way These are the different elements of the window Frequency response P Frequency or Phase Display Equalizations display MIDL PEQ1 MID R PEQ2 HIGH L ma PEQ3 HIGHR PEQ4 SUBL PEQS SUB R PEQ6 Equalization to Filter parameters be edited 11 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual The frequency response is displayed on the upper part Active equalization curves will appear in the Show boxes in Equalizations display each one with the same colour as their respective indicator There are seven filters available in each main way that can be configured Filter Numbei Filter TypelParametric Frequency To modify or edit any equalization you have to Go to Modify and select the equalization you want to edit or modify and ma
8. will be able to introduce the characters you want There are up to 6 characters available for inputs and outputs You can pass from one to another by pressing directly on the tabulator In 2 B This way each output will be distinguished These names then appear in other windows of the Software in order to make the software more intuitive and practical In the same way it will appear on the display of the processor to identify inputs and outputs OUTPUT 1 For instance in a 3 ways stereo configuration you would write LEFT on input 1 RIGHT on number 2 and HIGH L HIGH R MID L MID R respectively on outputs 1 to 4 and SUB L SUB R for outputs Sub 1 and Sub 2 although you could have put SUB M if the sub output would have been configured as MONO On the rear part of the processor numbers 1 to 4 Sub 1 and Sub 2 are printed on the output connectors This is the reason why it is convenient to use clear names otherwise you will not know which output is which and that could be very dangerous for the loudspeakers just think about what would happen to a high driver if you change the sub output for the high one Once you have defined a name in each box the corresponding indication will change then having a clear location of each way and or output on screen 10 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 5 Route The first buttons you will see are the route ones from where the signal input will be sent
9. 1 OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 SUB 1 SUB 2 Out Out2 Out3 Out4 SUB1 SUB2 inv e inv Mute mi E Mute All the gains are at 0 dBs by default You have up to 6 dB of gain and 30dB of attenuation in 0 1 dB steps You can use potentiometers or if you want a more precise control you will have to use the up and down arrows of the keyboard to move 0 1 dB by 0 1dB You can also mute the outputs clicking on the red LEDs and invert the output phase activating the yellow LEDs In case you activate a mute a red cross will appear on the screen in the corresponding label and this output will become deactivated OUTPUT 1 OUTPUT 1 MLITE Without Mute With Mute MID L Phase Inversion i Individual Mute 17 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual You should modify output gains for two reasons first to adjust the output signal level to the sensitiveness of the connected cabinets and secondly to electrically equal the sensitiveness of the multiway systems for instance mediums and highs normally offer different sensitiveness and you have to match them acoustically Mutes will be activated in the unused inputs and outputs to avoid any confusion Phase inversion is very useful to rapidly solve phase problems In case there is an inverted cable there will be no need to rewire You will also need to invert the phase when you have to complement the filte
10. Hz with 4 order 24 dB oct Linkwitz Riley Subsequently the equalization of each output is corrected from the PEQs whereas you still view Final PEQ XOVER Gains Response Response to observe the changes The processors electric response would be the one displayed on Response of PEQ Xover Gains If you can now also see the loudspeaker response the total electroacoustic response remains exactly as it appears on the right screen Mid and High Electroacoustic Response Finally you will activate the ADD button The two ways sum response is the one in white colour Total Electroacoustic Response 33 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 12 Copy Outputs On the main screen under the outputs you will find the following button Copy With this button you will get to the following screen ixi PEQs Dynamics XOver I Output Name Output Gain Output Delay O Copy All wv Ok X Cancel In the upper part you will decide if you want to copy normal or sub outputs After this select the origin output to copy and the destination output to be copied to overwrite From the Item to Copy box you will choose which blocks you want to copy by checking the corresponding check boxes Press the OK button and the following confirmation dialogue will appear x 2 Do you wantto copy data from Output 1 to Output 2 34 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Di
11. LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controllers Ez Loudspeaker Management System ZAC x n e B m amm e x e PROGRAN21 PRESE NoName Real Time LMS 266 Loudspeaker Management System A OUTPUT 1 um PEQ S XOVER GAIN DELAY DYNAMIC B A OUTPUT 2 a xi B A OUTPUT 3 a PEQ S XOVER GAIN DELAY DYNAMIC B A OUTPUT 4 T m mm PEQ S XOVER GAIN DELAY DYNAMIC B A O mm Li PEQ S XOVER GAIN DELAY DYNAMIC B A Q mum t PEQ S XOVER GAIN DELAY DYNAMIC B Total Freq Response Status USB SOFTWARE MANUAL 2005 by C E Studio 2 s l Spain EEC P 98754 112 http www ramaudio com QXPLMSDoc e mail support ramaudio com 11 05 CE RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION MEE 3 1 1 General Characteristics 3 2 INSTALLATION AND SETUP LLL 4 2 1 USB drivers installation 222 4 2 2 Installation of the Control Software sis 4 2 3 Starting LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software 5 2 4 Uninstall 6 3 EDITION WITH LMS 221 LMS 266 CONTROL SOFTWARE 7 3 1 Main Screen T Configuration Buttons 8 3 2 Normal Mode and Real Time edition lt 9 3 3 System nformation 10 3 4 Input amp Output Labels __ eses aiesi i i i 10 Soon dao er uaa a a aa e a a aa A a 11 3 6 PEQs Parametric Equalization 22222 11 3 7 Crossover Conf
12. RROR Please verify that the COM port selected is correct and there isn ta USB Connected and your LMS 266 unit is in its Main Menu 37 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Remember that the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 must be in its main screen if you want to establish the communication Also take into account that if several processors are connected to the USB and you try to connect the Control Software will connect with the first processor installed in Windows Once you are connected with the processor all the Menu buttons related to communications will be activated and you will be able to program your configurations with the processor Once the desired configuration is made select between the 60 available memories the one you want to store it in For this modify the value of the PROGRAM check box until you get the desired value PROGRAN Use the Write To Hardware Memory button to program the selected memory While the communication is established the Control Software Serial Interface window appears It indicates the communication state initialisation checkings communications and end in the Info box and the percentage of the transmission in the progress bar Serial Interface i Serial Interface Comunication Port USB Info Sending DATA to Memory 1 Once the transmission is achieved the processor automatically changes to the new memory to acoustically check the c
13. Screen When starting with the Control Software you will see the main working screen that represents exactly the internal processing structure In it you can watch the path covered by the audio signal from the input to the outputs in a very visual way so that you can see the different blocks of processing and the order in which it goes through From this main screen you can get directly to any configuration parameters It is composed of the following elements Number of the Name of the System info program program button Tools menu oiseau s snaniom xi t el PROGRAN 1 PRESE VoName E join Loudspeaker Management System L E D Input labels ES e BI EI EI EI ED OUTPUT 2 label Input route ff Ez P CEN abels button OUTPUT Nal B Emm c f B ats bc H Configuration x sus sour buttons Output Status USB t Status bar Total frequency Pony Dul n response control If you start the Software in Offline Mode without connection to the processor buttons of the Tools Menu related to communications with the processor will remain inactive and appear in grey colour At the same time the Status Bar will show Status Offline With the Configuration buttons you can get to each configuration screen such as equalisation crossovers gain delay and dynamic The Route buttons allow you to choose where each via can take its input signal from There are three options input A input B or Mono signal of
14. Stop Band and first and second order AllPass This way you will achieve the final equalization of each way of the equipment ROUTE With this button you will select the place from which each output will take the signal From Input A B or the Mono one IN A IN B 2 XOVER Crossover You get to the Crossover configuration window where you can configure the frequency dividing filters of each output There are different filters Linkwitz Riley Butterworth and Bessel of 12 and 24dB oct You can also let them in Bypass and have a full range output GAIN It shows the Output Gain Levels window From this window you will configure all the output gains You can also invert the phase or mute each output DELAY It allows you to configure output delays Every output has 4 88 milliseconds to be used in the alignment of the cabinets of a multiway equipment or transducers inside a cabinet and correct the out of phase existing for not being on the same vertical plane DYNAMIC It allows you to access to the Dynamic configuration There you will be able to configure all the parameters of the output compressor limiter and the noise gate such as thresholds ratio knee CRI and the dynamic response speed HoldTime Release You will also get to the configuration screen for loudspeakers and amplifiers parameters TOTAL FREQ RESPONSE On this screen you will be able to watch the effect of the different filters and gains in the total input output frequen
15. anager with a yellow circle and an administrative symbol indicating that the installation has not been achieved It will not be possible to connect the processor unless you uninstall the device pulse on the text and use the uninstall option with the right button of the mouse Then install it again following the previous instructions 2 2 Installation of the Control Software Before you install your copy of the control software check that your computer meets all the following requirements to work correctly Pentium Il 266 MHz or higher 16 MB RAM memory 10 MB of free memory in the hard disk One available USB connection or COM port sub D 9 pins connector Operative system Windows 95 98 NT 2000 Me XP If your computer meets these or even more requirements the software will be set up and will work without any problem Before you start to install the program make sure you close all activated application You can download the LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software from our website www ramaudio com Double click on the setup exe file After a few seconds the installation program starts Just follow the instructions on the screen RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 2 3 Starting LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software The installation program creates an input called LMS 221 or LMS 266 in the list of Windows Start Menu programs To initiate the program select PROGRAMS from the
16. brands of their respective owners ER A K4 Manufactured by C E Studio 2 s l Pol Ind La Lloma C Sierra Parenxisa n 28 46960 Aldaya Valencia SPAIN www ramaudio com support ramaudio com 40
17. cy response as well as the delay effects and the response of the loudspeakers until getting the desired electroacoustic response System Info It gives access to the general identification window where you can give a name to the system you are working with to the project it belongs to the person in charge you can also insert comments Copy Outputs It allows you to select the parameters of an output and to copy them on another one It also helps you to save time when designing channels with the same response RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 2 Normal Mode and Real Time edition Once you know the general significance of the main screen elements you can start to work with the program Two edition modes are available Normal mode and Real Time By default the program starts in Normal mode because it is the safest way to realise complete configurations If you have previously connected to the processor you can use the real time mode by pressing the red LED called Real Time that appears in the Main screen When the LED lights you will know that you are working on real time mode Real Time All the parameters of LMS 221 LMS 266 can be configured in real time from the control software When you want to realise a new configuration it is recommendable to do it in Normal Mode to avoid human mistakes such as moving the wheel of the mouse when being in the filter type or changing a High Pass filter whos
18. e all in fixed installations or when you rent a sound equipment and you do not want anyone to modify the configurations Two security and blockage levels of the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 are available one is partial through a Password and the other is complete leaving the keyboard of the processor inactive If you activate the Password you will previously need to introduce it to access to any menu of LMS 221 LMS 266 For this you will press the button for the Password window to appear Lcx PASSWORD ABABA Password Active The password is composed of 6 letters Use the Up and Down keys to go through the alphabet and the Enter key to select the type Types appear in red until you have introduced them all Then they become green Once you have done this select the Password Active box and OK to activate it If you want to start the Password processing again use the Clear button Once activated you will have to enter the password to be able to get to the processor s menus If you don t introduce it you won t be able to modify or change anything If you want to deactivate it later from the processor go to menu 1 of Configuration to the Password option and change it to OFF The other processor blocking option is to Lock the Keyboard By activating this option the processor displays the message Keyboard Blocked in this case it will be necessary to connect LMS 221 LMS 266 to the computer to unlock it This is a useful opti
19. e output goes to a driver by one Low Pass that may break Once the preset is achieved in normal mode you can send it to the processor by using the button Write to Memory As soon as the configuration is loaded in the processor you can use the mode real time to make any adjustment and to listen to modifications The following message will appear x G You are in Real Time Model LMS 266 is going to read the present configuration for security By accepting it will read the current preset of the processor in order to get the configuration on the screen and make changes on it NOTE modifications made in real time will not be stored in the LMS 221 LMS 266 memory until you press the button Write to Memory so if you make any change in real time and you switch off the processor you will lose these modifications Parameters like output delays can produce clicks if they are modified in real time and you have audio in the input This is due to the fact that by delaying the signal you are adding spaces without sound to the output buffer In the same way if you put it forward you will take off part of the buffer sound originating level jumps between consecutive samples in the buffer producing this click Here is a diagram of what would happen Add delay Forward delay Other parameters that modify the Dynamic response speed can produce sudden level changes These parameters are Velocity response hold time and release velocity The
20. e that if you do not want determined curves outputs to contribute to the sum response you not only have to deactivate them with the View buttons but you also mute these outputs on the Gains screen If the Speakers Data option with the loudspeakers measures is active you will see the electroacoustic response of the ways and you will be able to observe the result in their crossings You can also see how the frequency response is affected by adding delays in a way facing another until the crossing area remains closed with the Delay option activated You will also easily see the effect of phase inversion on the response around the crossing when activating or not the mentioned button on the Gains screen 28 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Import Data One of the most interesting features that makes the difference between LMS 221 LMS 266 and other products is its capacity to work with the real measures of transducers or loudspeakers The engineer or sound technician can include this response at the end of the processing He can directly observe the final electroacoustic response on the screen and even equalize it until he achieves the desired final response this one being plane loudness type or as required To input the measures it will be necessary to get the measures exported in the ASCII form from one of the following standard measure systems CLIO DAAS 32 MLSSA Acoustilyzer FFT Aco
21. ected on that output You have 2 2 67 4 8 and 16 ohms available Maximum Box Power maximum RMS power admitted bearable by the box or loudspeaker connected in the output You will configure from 5 to 4000 watts Maximum Amplifier Power maximum output power of the amplifier PER CHANNEL You have from 50 to 4000 watts available Amplifier Gain linear Amplifier gain IN LINEAR If you have this specification in decibels GdB you will have to change it to Linear G using the following formula Gz 10 GdB 20 This information is necessary to know the RMS power you want to supply to the box Balanced signal you will activate this parameter each time the signal you use is balanced This is important because with a balanced signal the output power is 4 times higher than with an unbalanced signal With all this information you will see in the Dynamics screen the maximum RMS output power that will be supplied to the output according to the maximum output signal level of the processor the gain the box impedance and the type of signal used balanced or not This information will be indicated as Maximum RMS Output Power X Watts and the output balanced RMS voltage of the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 max Out Voltage X XX vrms 1 Max RMS Qut Power 483 VVatts LMS 766 max Qut Yoltage 146 vrms 26 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Furthermore when reaching the limit of the maximum power tolerated by t
22. g and the file format accepted in each case CLIO Take the Sinusoidal or MLS measure preferably using the sampling frequency of 51 200 and a 1 6 Oct smoothing for MLS and at least a 1 24 Oct resolution for Sinusoidal Once you have taken the measure export it into ASCII format by pressing Shift F2 you will generate a file with the name you choose and fxt extension that can be read by LMS 211 LMS 266 Control Software MLSSA To get the file ASCII in MLSSA you will have to take the measure pass to FFT to get the frequency response in Transfer Function Magnitude and view it with a certain smoothing Once the frequency response is on the screen go to the option Transfer Export Bode choose the phase normally Actual phase select at least a 1 6 Oct resolution and give a name to the file that will be saved with txt extension to be accepted by LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software Transfer Function Bode Plot dB volts volts eq Hz Mag dB deg 18 42571 8 800242 1 53268 36 85141 12 55392 120 637 55 27712 9 681987 62 79101 13 10283 11 5648 123 8057 92 12853 12 573609 102 3705 110 5542 18 3404 121 5294 221 1085 12 62453 41 98371 257 9599 5 280994 60 50087 WINAIR Select MLS as analysis signal and when the average measure is taken go to the Storage section insert the file s name with txt extension and press the button Save As to save it in the directory including the program WinAir The format yo
23. gital Controller Software Manual 4 CONFIGURATION 4 1 Tool Menu Once all the processor parameters are configured for one system or installation the configuration will have to be stored on the hard disk of the computer and on the LMS 221 LMS 266 so that it will remain ready to work exactly as programmed When we connect the controller to the PC all the options are accessible from the buttons of the Tool Menu These buttons are the ones you can see below Placing the mouse on any of them a short description of the tool appears in a hint m e g r amm axl e mm mm 1 2 3 4 9 10 11 412 Some buttons may appear inactive According to if you are working Offline or if you are connected to the processor all buttons related to communications will be active or not 1 New File It initialises all the parameters to create a new configuration 2 Open File to open a configuration stored on the hard disk of the computer 3 Save File to save the current configuration on the hard disk of the computer 4 About Us Information about LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software 5 Connect to connect with the Processor LMS 221 LMS 266 6 Read From Hardware to get the configuration from the LMS Controller itself 7 Write To Hardware to write the configuration on LMS Controller 8 Change Hardware Memory to change the LMS Controller configuration remotely from the Control Software 9 Unblock Hardware Keyboard to
24. gure the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 with all the programmed parameters you need it to be connected to the O computer If you started the program in Offline mode you will be able to connect later by pressing the Connect button in the Tool Menu The initial screen of the connecting program will then appear Offline USB COM1 COM2 Connect the provided cable to an available USB port Com 1 or Com 2 and select it If the communication is correctly established the communications screen will briefly appear and then make way to the main screen of the program with the working diagram of LMS 221 LMS 266 If the serial port for the Com 1 or Com 2 connection is being used by another device such as the mouse or a modem the program will inform you with the following window LMS 266 x COM Port already in use Select another In this case you will have to change the serial port If there is none available it will be necessary to deactivate or disconnect the device which is occupying it from the computer If you connect with an available COM and the USB is connected too the program will unsuccessfully try to establish a communication with the processor If both USB and Com are connected USB will be given preference and the following error message will appear informing you that the cable is not correctly connected that the USB is connected or that the processor is not in its initial screen x Comunication E
25. he loudspeakers the vumeter will become red When exceeding the limit a Warning message will appear in red with the following text The Out Power exceeds your Box Power capacity This will inform you that the maximum power the loudspeakers can bear has been exceeded To get the RMS output power according to the introduced data the program uses the following formulas Balanced Signal RMS Output Power Vout x Gain Watts Impedance Unbalanced Signal RMS Output Power 0 5 x Vout x Gain Watts Impedance Vout is the maximum balanced output voltage of the processor Gain is the amplifier linear gain and Impedance is the speaker impedance of the box connected to the amplifier CAUTION RAM AUDIO IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VERACITY AND ACCURACY OF THE DATA PROVIDED BY MANUFACTURERS ABOUT THE BEARABLE POWERS AND IMPEDANCES OF THE LOUDSPEAKERS AND GAINS SENSITIVENESS AND POWER OF THE AMPLIFIERS CONSEQUENTLY RAM AUDIO DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY RESPONSABILITY FOR ADJUSTMENTS OF LIMITERS THAT COULD DAMAGE THE EQUIPMENTS EXCEPT FOR THE ONES CONFIGURED BY RAM AUDIO ON ITS OWN SYSTEMS THIS MANUAL TO ADJUST LIMITERS IS JUST A HELP BUT DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT THE RESULTS WILL BE AS EXPECTED FOR EVERYTHING DEPENDS ON THE VERACITY OF INPUT DATA IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBT PLEASE DIRECTLY CONTACT THE MANUFACTURER OF THE LOUDSPEAKERS BOXES AMPLIFIERS AND ALWAYS ADJUST LIMITERS BELOW THE MAXIMUM LIMIT 2 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Cont
26. ial cable without using a computer Memories can be protected to prevent them from being deleted or changed by mistake The processor keyboard can also be locked or its entry protected by a password With the LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software the user can configure all the parameters and save them on the processor through the USB or serial interface RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 2 INSTALLATION AND SET UP 2 1 USB Drivers installation Start a session in Windows connect one end of the USB cable to the computer and the other one to the processor Start the processor Windows will detect a new device and show the following window Asistente para agregar nuevo hardware You will have to answer Yes if you want to go on with the installation Este asistente busca nuevos controladores para LMS 255 Audio Processor When asked to you will have to merry ye dove eal a indicate the location of the USB drivers directory If you do not have them you can download them from our website www ramaudio com You will follow the instructions until the installation is achieved Cancelar With any new processor you use you have to install the USB Drivers again even if they have been installed for another processor because Windows will identify them as a different device If the USB Drivers is not installed or the installation has been cancelled the processor will appear in Device M
27. iguration eef 14 3 8 Output Levels 17 3 9 Output Delay n C 18 3 10 Dynamics 20 RMS Compressor and Limiter 22 C R l Compressor 24 Compressor Limiter Parameters 25 Noise Gate 25 Speaker and Amplifier parameters 26 3 11 Final Response 28 Import Data RE 29 General Considerations to take measures sy 32 3 12 Copy OUIDUIS sc mr at meris ots 34 4 CONFIGURATION ee 35 4 1 Tools Menu 35 4 2 Saving and retrieving configuration files 36 Saving configurations 36 Retrieving configurations eL 36 4 3 LMS 221 LMS 266 Configuration 37 4 4 Security 39 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Ea A y mmi ml 3 Thank you for choosing LMS 221 LMS 266 as your digital processor Before you start any configuration please read this manual about your processor s Software Configuration carefully so that you can take advantage of all its characteristics and use your PA system correctly and safely All the products manufactured by RAM Audio have been designed using the latest and best materials available on the market and the most up to date technology They have been checked under the hardest working conditions in order to guarantee that they work correctly in any ambience The RAM Audio Engineering Department is working continuously to offer the best products that cover the needs of the market If yo
28. ime This is the time lapse from the moment we are under the threshold until it comes into release Hold Time Threshold Limit The adjustment of these parameters is very important and critical for the final sound quality These velocities will depend on the frequency range of the input signal For low frequencies velocities will be slower and times longer whereas for high frequencies they will be more rapid If the signal when compressing or limiting is all band you have to bear in mind that all the energy of the signal is in the low frequencies so you will have to take slow velocities around 120 dBs sec in attack and 7 dBs sec in Release 23 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual If you are not used to work with these parameter or you do not have enough knowledge about how dynamic works in order to configure a precise Attack Release and Hold Times in your preset you can use the following values depending on the lower x over frequency of each way Output x over Frequency Hz Attack dB s Release dB s Hold Time ms o o FS o 6 70m 63 F lt 125 120 In a Full Range system if you are using a Sub sonic filter use this frequency to obtain the Attack Release and Hold Time and in case no sub sonic filter is used put the values corresponding to F 50 110 6 70 C R l Compressor One of the problems of compressors and limiters is that the compression or limitation ac
29. is and the magnitude in dB or the phase in degrees that represents the current equalization Characteristics of available Shelving and parametric filters are shown on the following diagrams Parametrics G 12 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 12 f 1000 Q 1 Parametrics Q 0 25 0 5 1 2 4 10 f 1000 G 12 100 mE ET m Parametrics f 50 200 1000 5000 15000 Q 2 G 12 a L B 3 P Ea L a E 3 37 B 313531 L a a E pee a R33 ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee I E A TARAC I W 3 8 PEPE L a LI E E FOE a L 9 P 3851 I a E 7 B 31 L LI a ao EIAN 7C se ee V SO a oa aT O aSa T T Ta aN a E I gy P a Ea I L E E 3g BEB I a a E BEINI an a E NJ BEES LI L E k ENC 100 1000 10000 Shelving 6dB oct f 50 10000 G 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 rI 1 Bonn aaa 1 one bee 100 1000 10000 13 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 7 Crossover Configuration After the equalization buttons you will find the CrossOver filters button AOVER If you press the button XOVER of any output the Crossover Configuration window composed of the following elements will appear Display magnitude j ie i ee ERE S S CrossOver 1 MODIFY Frequencies p E uu Eben PUR cuts MID R A Xover2 xover2 Freq o E 2500 E HIGH L Xover3 xover3 Filter Type Fiter putw L Riley HIGHR Xoverd Xover4 SUBL Xever5 E xovers Order 4 4 m
30. it will help you to get good measure files 1 Take the measures of all the ways at the same distance several meters and with the microphone placed at the height we consider to be the central listening point This way the information about magnitude and phase of all the measures is the same 2 he measuring equipment will have to be configured in the same way for every measure which means that signal gains sensitivity sampling frequency etc do not have to be modified from one measure to another 3 It is recommendable to allow some smoothing in the measure between 1 3 and 1 6 Oct to get measures with less peaks Furthermore do not forget that the ear approximately works as a 1 3 to 1 5 Oct analyser 4 Take the measure when introducing the signal directly in the amplifier you are going to work with and in normal conditions so that the gain measure of each amplifier will be included avoiding recalculating gains afterwards 5 When measuring with MLS Maximum Length Sequence and windowing the time response to avoid reflections in the measure take the same time window and the same starting time for all the measures This way you will have the same information about phase in all of them and the final electroacoustic sum will be correct 6 High and mid frequency measures will nearly always be correct when measuring with MLS avoiding reflections in the measure when windowing the time For mid low and low frequencies unavoidab
31. ith frequency Q and gain variable o StopBand Reject band filter with frequency and Q variable o Allpass 1 First order All pass filter Lag 90 degrees to the selected frequency o Allpass 2 Second order All pass filter Lag 180 degrees to the selected frequency with phase changing according to Q o LowPass Q Second order Low pass filter with resonance control o HiPass Q Second order High pass filter with resonance control 12 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual According to the filter type you select you will activate the modifiable parameters in each case Frequency Q and Gain All the parameters can be edited from the keyboard Frequency Q and Gain introducing the numeric data and updating them when pressing Enter Q and Gain in addition with the Arrow Up and Arrow Down It is also possible to modify Frequency and Gain values using the mouse For this bring the mouse near the current filter mark until the icon becomes a hand Click the left mouse button without releasing it so that you will be able to move the filter to where you want f you need more filters just pick another one in Filter If you want to modify any of them you can also move in Filter until you get to the filter you are looking for You can also see the phase of the designed equalization passing from Mag to Phase Below the frequency response you will always find information on the frequency in which the mouse
32. ke sure that the corresponding option View is active A square in shape mark will appear on the equalization curve with a number that indicates which of the seven filters you are editing This number will also appear in Filter in the filter parameters section If you modify this Filter box you will be able to go through the seven available filters updating the remaining parameters to the values of each filter By default all the filters are in Bypass type with a O dB gain and a 1000 Hz initial frequency Once you have selected the filter to be modified you have to select the filter type you want Open the drop down menu Filter Type the following options will appear Parametric Shelv Low 6dB Shelv High 6dB LowPass Buttw HiPass Buttw BandPass StopBand AllPass 1 AllPass 2 LowPass Q HiPass Q o Bypass filter with no effect o Parametric parametric filter to adjust gain or attenuation the central frequency and the quality factor Q The value of Q is defined as the relation between the central frequency and the bandwidth between half gain points o Shelv Low 6dB Shelving filter to attenuate or to increase low frequencies with a slope of 6dB per octave o Shelv High 6dB Shelving filter to attenuate or to increase high frequencies with a slope of 6dB per octave oLowPass Buttw Second order Low pass filter type Butterworth o HiPass Buttw Second order High pass filter type Butterworth o BandPass Band pass filter w
33. le problems of stationary reflections and waves may falsify the measure in magnitude and phase In these cases you always have to interpret the measures because if you want reliable measures you will have to take them in anechoic chamber or in the open air These problems are more serious in closed spaces than in the open air 7 Store all the files from one equipment exported in ASCII in the same directory with significant names in order to be able to remember which measure you are working with 8 If you use the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 as an all band equaliser it is possible to take the measure of the whole system and equalize over it the equalisation section PEQs to correct the general response 32 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual On the following screens you will see an example of mid and high ways adjustment of an equipment using measures from transducers First you can only see the measure the natural loudspeakers response in their box and their corresponding amplifier Only the SPEAKER Data option is active You can see that the sensitivity of the high frequency driver is approximately 10 dB higher and offers a small fall from 12kHz Mid and High natural Response Working X on measures and according to them high frequencies can be reduced 10 dBs from the Gains screen Mids are cut at 200 Hz below and 2kHz above with 4 order 24 dB oct Linkwitz Riley filters and Highs at 2000
34. n hidden so that nobody can change them this way protecting the equipment For further information please read the user manual of the hardware of the processor LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software has been entirely designed by RAM Audio To get the most updated version of this software with the latest improvements and or any new function please do not hesitate to contact us or to visit our web site www ramaudio com 1 1 General Characteristics LMS 266 digital audio controller uses two digital signal processors 1 DSP for LMS 221 with a 48 bits internal resolution floating point that guarantees a very high internal dynamic range so it cannot get saturated in internal operations and infinitesimal rounding errors The converters AD and DA of 24 bits and 112 dBs of dynamic range that are used guarantee a clean sound without distortion and a low background noise Therefore in their range LMS 221 LMS 266 are ones of the best processors on the market Every component has been meticulously selected to minimise distortions and noise The 60 user memories are saved in a Flash memory allowing their writing and this way their updating from the equipment or from the LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software The processor is provided with a LCD display 2 menu keys and an Enter key This way you can modify the memory or some parameters of the current memory in real time as well as to copy the configuration from one equipment to another through a ser
35. o LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual This message tells you that the communication with the processor has not been achieved In this case check that you are not trying to communicate through the serial port with the USB connected that the selected port is the correct one and that it is not already used engaged There will be no communication if the processor is not on its main screen VERY IMPORTANT The processor must be on its main screen in order to communicate with the computer HI RES 96kHz 24Bit AD DA CONVERTERS t 1 Program Name Push for menu ENTER Loudspeaker Management System LMS 266 If the communication is satisfactory you will get to the Control Software main screen that shows the diagram of the process zii x DielalB mim elnie e moemaGTZ wmesefucc mj Rea Timea LMS 266 Loudtpeaker Management System INPUTS eS oo Bri A Status USB 2 4 Uninstall To uninstall LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software follow the usual instructions to uninstall any program From the Control Panel get to Add Remove Programs Here you will select LMS 221 LMS 266 and press the button Add Remove Programs You are advised to make a backup of all the configuration files you create with extension LM2 and LM6 so that you can use them later RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 EDITION WITH LMS 221 LMS 266 CONTROL SOFTWARE 3 1 Main
36. on when you do not want anyone under any circumstances to change the parameters or configurations When pressing the button w the following warning window will appear x N Do you wantto LOCK the Keyboard Cancel If you press OK you lock the keyboard whereas if you press Cancel nothing happens If the keyboard is already locked and you want to unlock it press the button d The following message will appear x N Do you want to UNLOCK the Keyboard Cancel If you press OK you unlock the keyboard and if you press Cancel the keyboard remains locked 39 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual All rights reserved No reproduction of any part of the document may take place without the written permission of RAM Audio RAM Audio is not responsible by the purchaser of this product or with third parties for any damage loss or cost that an accident an inappropriate use or abuse of this product could generate to the purchaser or third parties RAM Audio is not responsible either for modifications repairings or alterations of the product or the non strict observation of the functioning and maintenance instructions of RAM Audio LMS266 LMS221 Control Software LMS 211and LMS 266 are brands of RAM Audio Microsoft and Windows are brands registered by Microsoft Corporation Other names of products have been used in this document just for identification purposes and they are commercial
37. onfiguration the usual Save File screen from Windows will appear Save LMS File 3 x Guardar en cu LMS266 Presets amp al c Nombre de archivo NoName Guardar como Lis 266 Files LMB Cancelar archivos de tipo Zi Retrieving configurations You can retrieve previously saved configurations by pressing the Open File button button 2 The program will display the Windows Open File screen to indicate the LM2 or LM6 file you want to open If necessary change directory until you get to the file of the desired configuration Open LMS File 2 x Buscar en cu LMS266 Presets ics al c 5 NoName LMb Nombre de archivo NoName LM6 Tipo de archivos Lis 266 Files LM6 Cancelar Abrir como s lo lectura 36 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual If you want to start a new configuration from the very beginning when you have one already active press the button number 1 New File Before losing the current configuration the program will always ask you if you want to save it on the hard disk as in the following window x N Do you want to save the present configuration i No Cancel If you press Yes you will get to the window Save in order to give the LM2 LM6 file name you want to store If you choose No you will start a new configuration without storing the current one If you select Cancel nothing will happen 4 3 LMS 221 LMS 266 Configuration To confi
38. ope will generate a waveform distortion when multiplying this signal detector LMS 221 and LMS 266 use a modified RMS algorithm to improve the relation between velocity and distortion 2 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual In order to better understand the way the dynamic works look at the following picture Release Time Input Reduction T me 3 Jo Factor au AL a 3 EN Limited Signal When the input signal exceeds the fixed compression limitation threshold the dynamic starts to operate reducing the signal to the fixed threshold The time of this transient is what we call the attack time When the input signal stops exceeding the threshold the reducing factor applied on the input becomes smaller until the compressor limiter stops operating This is the release time If the input signal exceeds the threshold again and the release time is not achieved the dynamic will operate again obtaining smaller signal transients and an output within the fixed limits Quick Release velocity short release times will allow recovering too fast the original signal level attenuating again with the arrival of a higher signal level This effect introduces a lot of pumping and also in extreme circumstances distortion leading to an unpleasant sound This effect can also occur with high values in Velocity Response because its increase reduces attack and release times The third time to be configured is the Hold T
39. r order by two 180 in the Crossovers and so to obtain a Phased cross point It is also useful when the location of sub is not on the same vertical plane as the rest of cabinets producing a phase shifting that can be easily corrected inverting the phase However it is recommendable to solve these phase difference problems using the output delays so that you will have a more precise adjustment in centimetres or milliseconds and not of half wavelength 180 3 9 Output Delay The next configuration button is the DELAY button DELAY The button opens the Output Delay whose configuration window is as follows JOutput Delay OUT 1 OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 SUB 1 SUB 2 MID L MID R HIGHL HIGHR SUBL SUBR nin iniu nin ell Temperature po 2 fra jpo alpo 2 foo alfo sjo In this window you will configure the final delay of each way For this you use sliding potentiometers that allow you to adjust different output delays in minimum sample jumps If you modify any of them the delay value in centimetres and in milliseconds will immediately appear below If you want a more precise adjustment of the delay you can enter the indicators and increase or decrease it using the up and down arrows of the keyboard You also have the TEMPERATURE option which is used to introduce the approximate working temperature in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius in order to get the most precise calculation of
40. reated configuration The memory in which you want to write may already be engaged In this case before going on you will be asked if you want to overwrite it x N The memory 1 have a preset stored Do you wantto overwrite it No Cancel There is also the possibility that the memory you want to write in is already engaged and Protected In this case the program will inform you and if you still want to write in it it will be necessary to deactivate the protection from the processor For this look at the instructions in the LMS 221 LMS 266 Hardware Manual x A MEMORY PROTECTED If you wantto override it you must unprotect it from the keyboard of the Processor You can also retrieve configurations already stored in the processor Therefore the processor has to send the configuration data to the computer First you will select the memory to read in Program box and then you will press the Read From Hardware button Once the data transmission is achieved the program designs all the filters and parameters each one appearing on its corresponding screen With the Change Hardware Memory button you can remotely change the active memory of the processor changing the active number in Program 38 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 4 4 Security It is often convenient to block the access to the processor controls to avoid the modification of parameters by unauthorised people abov
41. remain active By changing the potentiometers you will change the values of from left to right Limit or Threshold Ratio Knee In any case the current value will appear below each potentiometer Modifying the Knee you will pass from a Normal Limiter or Compressor with Knee OdB to a C R l one with a 10 decibels margin Noise gate 25 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual You also have a Noise gate available which will respond with the same timing as the main dynamic attack release etc and from which you will be able to choose the Noise Level to eliminate With a drop down menu you will select a threshold between Bypass 1 2 3 4 5 6 and 7 If you choose bypass the noise gate does not operate 1 is to eliminate very low noise levels and you will be able to increase up to 7 to eliminate very high noises Speaker and Amplifier Parameters On the Dynamic screen there is a button called Box Parameters which will give you access to the following information window iix OUTPUT 1 CONFIGURE E Box Impedance 500 Maximum Box Power S00 Maximum Amplifier Power m f Amplifier Gain linear e Balanced Signal In this window you will be able to adjust the limiters according to the amplifiers and loudspeakers you use in the processor outputs In this window you will configure the following specifications Box Impedance impedance of the box or loudspeaker we have conn
42. ribed in their Dynamic Curve in which the output signal level is related to the input signal level These curves have the following shape Output Level Output Level threshold limit Ed dB Input Level Input Level dB Compressor 1 2 Limiter In the Compressor the output signal follows the one of the input if it is under the threshold level Once it exceeds it the output will fade according to the selected ratio In the diagram the ratio is 1 2 which means that once the signal exceeds the threshold for each 2 dB increase in the input we will have 1 dB increase in the output The Limiter behaves like a 1 compressor that does not allow the output level to exceed the limit threshold The algorithm used in the dynamic is quite sophisticated It uses a RMS detector with adjustable attack times and release according to the velocity response or time constant introduced in the Attack box and the release velocity introduced in the Release box both velocities are in dBs per seconds Traditional compressors limiters based on peak detection usually have a quite poor response The result of using a RMS detector is a better audible response due to the fact that the sound level perception in the human ear works this way RMS detectors have a certain constant time which determines how fast it can responds to transitory signals We introduce it in the Attack box If the response of the detector is very fast the envel
43. roller Software Manual 3 11 Final Response On the main screen you will find the following button Total Freq Response It gives access to the Final Response screen from where you will see the accumulated effect of all the processing blocks such as PEQs XOVER Gains You can also see the effect of the Output Delays and the electroacoustic Response if you have imported measures from external programs with the button Import Data These are the elements of this screen Phase or Frequency response Show 3 Magnitude ns INFO 3954 Hz 12 76 ds or Phase Influences SHOW w dz i r ut a Display outputs Include the DENT da influences of these blocks Loudspeaker Data Sum response Import In the left hand squares you can activate or deactivate the influence of each processing block on the final response PEQ XOVER OUT DELAYS GAINS and even the response of the SPEAKER if it has been input in the Import DATA This way you will be able to see the TOTAL electrical input output response of the processor or the final electroacoustic response if you input the measures On the right hand of the screen there are the Show buttons with which you will activate the curves you want to represent visually When activating ADD the sum response will appear in white colour on the screen taking the magnitude as well as the phase of all the outputs that have not been muted in the Gains Screen Please notic
44. se parameters should be modified in Normal mode and sent using Write to Memory If you modify them in Real Time make sure you do not have audio in the input This way you will avoid signal jumps in the output RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 3 3 System Information First to avoid any future omission in the configuration you will realize that you have to give a name to each project PA or equipment by using the button SYSTEM INFO When pressing this button the System Info window appears There you will find different elements Preset Name name of the system by default it will mi show NoName You can use up to 40 characters for this purpose You should give a quite significant oName 1 1 et name to the configuration to be able to remember it PROJECT NAME later This name will appear on the processors men display to identify the configuration COMMENTS Project Name Name of the project it belongs to Engineer Name of the engineer or sound technician who realises the configuration Comments Place where you can make comments with up to 200 reserved characters 3 4 Input amp Output Labels From the main screen you can identify the inputs and outputs you are going to use You do it through labels as you can see on the picture INPUTS Ini 10A In order to write a name on labels put the mouse on the white space A writing cursor will appear and with the keyboard you
45. t Furthermore the order of the filters and the phase response of each transducer are not always the same In this case you can correct this effect with a precision of 0 7 centimetres at approx 25 one sample until you get an entirely phased output with the two transducers and have a good link and a coherent wavefront 90 you have the possibility to introduce the relative distances between the elements of each way in reference to the vertical plane as you can see on the following picture Relative Distance Between Speakers 19 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual With these distances you will be able to add the necessary delay to each way and see how the elements get aligned Once they are all on the same line you will know that all the distances are compensated and that the system will supply a Phased wavefront as the following picture shows Aci xl OUT 2 OUT 3 OUT 4 SUB 1 SUB 2 Out Out2 Out3 Out4 SUB1 SUB2 Temperature es fac lpas foo foo Sem i i eo j 0 00 ms You also have the Auto Align button which makes internal calculations and automatically adjusts all the necessary delays in order to let the system phased It is recommendable to import curves from each transducer that have been carried out in the same conditions and to go to the Final Response screen There you will see the effect on the final electro acoustic response obser
46. t in the input provides 1 decibel in the output You can also observe the same gradual control effect the compressor input being much less noticeable its initial attenuation being much smaller The great advantage of using C R I Limiters is that their use involves intrinsically the use of a compressor that becomes a limiter according to the input signal level This way there is no need to include a previous compressor to reduce the dynamic C R I Limiters behave like a compressor that develops the range of dB we want with the Knee from a 1 1 to a 1 ratio A more progressive and transparent control which keeps the headroom even when it has already started to operate is the result It also happens in C R l Compressor whose ration evolves from a 1 1 to a 1 n ratio n being the new selected ratio Compressor Limiter Parameters ratio RMS Dynamics RMS Detector Hoise Gate de Noise Level Bax Parameters See Lea l Pipi i 4 0 s Oo 2 First you will select if you want to use a Compressor or a Limiter Remember that the use of a C R I Limiter includes a continuous compressor that ends in limitation If you choose Limiter the word Limit will appear in the left hand potentiometer and the limitation value will be indicated below The Ratio potentiometer will remain deactivated for being a limiter it will be 1 00 If you choose Compressor Limit becomes Threshold and the Ratio will
47. the sound speed The calculation of the sound speed Vs according to the temperature is expressed in the following formula in which the temperature is in Degree Celsius Vs 20 06 x V 273 C m s 18 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual From this formula at an average temperature of 20 C 68 F you get the following useful indications Delay in milliseconds Distance in meters x 2 9123 Delay in milliseconds Distance in feet x 0 8876 Distance in metres Delay in milliseconds x 0 3434 Distance in feet Delay in milliseconds x 1 1267 For each output you have a delay of 4 85 milliseconds 166 7 centimetres at 25 C The delays are used To correct the vertical position of the cabinets in a multiway equipment because they are not on the same vertical plane or because part of the equipment for instance the mid High is in a high position and the rest Bass is on the ground which generates a different length for each front wave For each case you will have to calculate these differences and correct them introducing the corresponding delays in the closest ways t 10ms t t t 1 12ms L 2ms 2 1 1 2 To realise precise phase adjustments between the transducers of a multiway equipment The positioning of the different transducers of an equipment normally does not exactly match with its vertical plane for instance a 12 inches loudspeaker and a 2 inches driver in the same cabine
48. tuation is very punctual it just happens when the signal crosses the threshold level so their operation can be clearly appreciated in the sound affecting the natural dynamic of the music To solve this problem we use C R l Continuous Ratio Increment dynamic curves for which the threshold point is not a definite angle anymore and becomes a continuous curve which perfectly links the lineal area of compressors or limiters with a 1 1 ratio to the compression or limitation area in a configurable range of decibels In these cases the compressors or limiters knee continuously changes in the range of dBs you want This progressive compression and limitation effect applied to multiway systems allows a dynamic control much more transparent since the headroom does not end when the limiters comes in so the typical muffled effect of traditional limiters disappear C R lI curves used in LMS 221 LMS 266 are like the following ones x de pco Aes dy eee we cht oe m 73V b 4 output dB input dB input dB C R l Limiter C R l Compressor 24 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual The C R l Limiter diagram shows a normal limiter at 4 dB and C R l Limiters at 4 dB with a 2 4 6 and 8 Knee in actuation The dynamic control is more progressive with still headroom left once the limiter operates As far as the C R l Compressor is concerned the threshold is fixed in 4 dB and the ratio is 1 3 A 3 decibels incremen
49. u have any doubt or comment about the functioning of any of our products please do not hesitate to contact us as we would be pleased to collaborate Your opinion is very important to us and we are open to any suggestion about the LMS processors and their configuration in order to improve them For any further information about RAM Audio products or just to contact us get any manual or any up to date software version etc please visit our Web site www ramaudio com RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 1 INTRODUCTION LMS 221 and LMS 266 digital audio controller are audio digital processors with respectively two inputs three outputs and two inputs six outputs They have been designed for applications such as LMS 221 Full range Stereo processor plus sub 2 ways Stereo processor plus mono sub output way mono processor complete for installations high mid low Stereo paragraphic equalizer Stereo compressor limiter Etc LMS 266 3 way Stereo processor High Mid Low 4 way Mono processor plus 2 sub outputs Etc Using LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software you cannot only configure ALL the parameters but you can also modify each parameter in real time Subsequently from the processor you can change and modify the parameters depending on each installation such as delays gains and polarities whereas the parameters of the equipment equalisation crossover and limiters remai
50. u store has to coincide with the following one WInAIR saved file Samples per second 44100 Number of points 1024 Hz Amplitude Phase 21 533 210 38184 0 00 43 066 51 68376 1 40 86 133 42 01191 0 18 129 199 27 09770 0 13 172 266 19 68722 1 40 30 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual CALSOD DAAS 32 To use measures taken with DAAS 32 you have to export files with a CALSOD format normally with the extension spl for DAAS 32 containing the information about the response magnitude and phase The format has to be as the following one CALSOD Frequency resp NoName 0000 Acoustilyzer You can import measures taken with Acoustilyser through FFT and also with 1 3 octave in SPL You have to export files with extension txt that will contain the information about frequency response magnitude but not the phase The format has to be as the following one Measure FFT Measure 1 3 oct en SPL gt file A025 FFT f Hz Level dBSPL gt FFT 20 00 48 0 gt range 34dB 114 dB 25 00 33 8 gt mic sensitivity 20 00 mV Pa 31 50 38 6 fidz SPL dB 16000 00 26 5 187 50 81 8 20000 00 25 8 375 00 76 1 17250 00 39 5 17437 50 38 6 3l RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual General considerations to take measures It is very important to correctly take the measures of the transducers if you want subsequent results to be reliable and valid Look carefully at the following list
51. unlock the keyboard It allows to use the keyboard 10 Block Hardware Keyboard to lock the keyboard of the processor Does not allow the use of the keyboard 11 Set Password to configure the key word or Password to protect the keyboard 12 Update DSP Program it updates the DSP program and resets it Any reading operations writing or change of configuration will be related to the Memory number indicated in the PROGRAM box in the Menu 35 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual 4 2 Saving and Retrieving Configuration Files Saving Configurations You can store the state of the current configuration at any time by pressing the Save File button in the Tool Menu button 3 LMS 221 LMS 266 Control Software files have the next extensions LM2 and LM6 for LMS 221 and LMS 266 respectively They should be respected so that later you can retrieve the configurations It is recommendable to save your configuration every few minutes to avoid any possible error in Windows It is also recommendable to save variations in a configuration with significant names so that you will be able to compare them afterward It is very useful to write in the Comments field in the System Info screen relevant information about the system or the installation so that you will know what you are dealing with when you retrieve it You should also organise configuration files in an orderly manner in the directories When you save a c
52. ustilyzer 1 3 oct SPL CALSOD WINAIR Clear Files ASCII Files location ASCII Files research When pressing the Import Data button in the Final Response window the following screen will appear It allows inserting the ASCII files with the measures of the transducers connected to each output Import Speaker Data N Z1 xl Select the ASCII Files with the data In order to make the research of the type of curve you need in each output easier you Type Data have the reference name of E cuo P CALSOD this way on the left P9 DAAS 32 F wiNAIR F9 MLSSA P Acoustlyzer FFT Acoustil 1 3 oct SPL Measuring Blood aati system used Reference level at 0 dB It is important to set the Reference Level at OdB In this check box we will insert the average value we consider necessary in the value files This value will normally adjust itself according to the mid way in a multiway equipment or to the value of mid frequencies in an all band measure This value will then be subtracted from all the measures for them to be centred around OdB on the screen For example if the mid measure is around 96 dBspl this value will be the reference If later there are variations you can modify this value going to the window Import Data again and updating the reference value until the response is more or less centred on OdB 29 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Following you will see the processin
53. ving at the same time the response of the ways and their total sum response Among other things you will see the effects of the delay when the set is not compensated 3 10 Dynamics The last block to be found on the audio route is the Dynamics When the signal arrives to this point it already presents an equalization a route selection crossover output delay and gain The last thing is the dynamic control compressor limiter This way you will have the final control of the dynamic and you will be able to limit the power supplied in each output as well as to use the noise gate To get to this part press the Dynamic button DYNAMIC If you press any Dynamic button the following window to appear will be the one you will use to configure the output Dynamics 20 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual Parameters of the Compressor Limiter RMS Designed x T NNNM TET Dynamic Curve IE Hare Ee Dynamic E a Bypass EB js Noise Gate A EUL Amplifier and 2 1 E Limiter Dynamic OUT 1 2 x pedes Compressor E Dynamic OUT 3 4 ata Dynamic SUB 1 2 Ge ee ARIA 4 Watts EE I Max RMS Out Penser 277 LMS 266 max Out voltage 1 B5 vrms Power Information Dynamics section to edit Dynamic Type By pressing Modify buttons you will have access to the configuration of each Dynamic showing all the values of the
54. y 24 dB Octave Butterworth 12 y 24 dB Octave Bessel 12 y 24 dB Octave 14 RAM Audio LMS 266 LMS 221 Digital Controller Software Manual To select the type of Filter crossover High Pass and Low Pass of each way select the desired option on the menu bar pull down menu Filter and the order in Order the filter slope obtained is 6 order dB oct CrossOver 1 zz SES Freq 100 al 2500 BH Filter Butt L Riley Order r 4 m There are four 2nd order filters per Crossover two for the lower cut and two for the upper cut Therefore you will get 4 order per cut lf you want a greater order in the upper cuts you can use Low Pass Butterworth filters from the PEQS placing them on the same frequency as the upper cut If you want a greater order in the lower cut you can use High Pass Butterworth filters from the PEQS This way you will have a 36 dB Oct or higher order crossover If you do not want to activate the crossover or one of its cuts just select the filter type as Bypass in the desired cut s If you do not want it to have any effect to get a signal on the all band output leave the upper cut and lower cut in Bypass Frequency cuts of the filters are defined in points 3 dB for Butterworth and Bessel filters and 6dB for Linkwitz Riley When you place the same type of filter in the lower cut of one way and the upper cut of another way with the same frequency cut in both in order to get the most correct total

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