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Cooper Bussmann 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device

1. z a ng mia an 3g sa in a un 4 4 Fi 1 da i at z at a d z ad Average Channel Uthzation for past 60 seconds 16 Figure 74 Channel Utilization Figure 75 shows the radio receive noise floor for the last 60 seconds Bar Graph of Noise Floor dBm with 1 second intervals mm AA i 10s iiil sa gt kp ny ri i we Average Noise Floor for past 60 seconds 90dBm Figure 75 RX Noise Floor Figure 76 shows the average channel utilization for each minute up to one hour It will also give a running average for the total number of minutes up to 59 minutes Bar Graph of Percent Channel Utilization with 1 minute intervals z t J a re Average Channel Utilization for past 13 mmutes 6 Figure 76 Channel Utilization Minutes Figure 77 shows the running radio receive noise floor average for each minute up to 59 minutes Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 77 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Bar Graph of Noise Floor dBm with 1 minute intervals n 4 i j a n 4 i L Average Noise Floor for past 13 minutes 89dBm Figure 77 RX Noise Floor Minutes The Channel Survey page also shows two other screens not shown here that indicate the percent channel utilization and noise floor in one hour intervals The screens will only show the last 24 hour period 4 3 Custom Survey Custom Survey is es
2. Name Destination Netmask Gateway Enabled 1 Route to LAN B 169 254 109 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 0 74 2 Route to LANG 169 254 102 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 0 73 Figure 55 Site A Routing Rules e The first routing rule specifies 192 168 5 0 as the destination with a netmask of 255 255 255 0 network address range of Site B Because the last byte of the destination IP is zero this refers to the network 192 168 5 1 192 168 5 254 as opposed to an individual host IP The same rule specifies the address 192 168 0 3 as the gateway address The routing rule effectively tells the 945U E that any traffic destined for network 192 168 5 X should be forwarded to Site B via WDS link address 192 168 0 3 e The second routing rule is similar except the destinations IP address range is 192 168 6 0 with a netmask of 255 255 255 0 indicating all traffic for the 192 168 6 X network will be routed through the WDS link address 192 168 0 4 This is the WDS router IP address that Site C has been configured with for its WDS link to Site A For more information on routing rules refer to the 3 17 Routing Rules Unit C and D require some sort of routing rule that will determine how they communicates to networks outside of their configuration Similar routing rules as shown above could be configured to direct traffic to these other networks but if only one routing path is required a default gateway address can be configured on the
3. 192 168 0 34 No Client Access Point Bridge j Bridge 192 168 0 72 192 168 0 73 p p Client 192 168 0 74 Router Client Router Figure 57 Routing Figure 57 illustrates a situation where routing rules may need to be configured In this example the 945U E clients need only specify the access point as their default gateway they require no routing rules to be configured However for the access point to be able to deliver traffic to LAN B and LAN C it needs to have routing rules configured that specify the respective 945U E client routers as next hop routers gateways to networks B and C Note that devices on LAN A should specify the 945U E access point as their default gateway An alternative to adding routing rules to the 945U E in this example would be for each device on LAN A that needs to communicate with LANs B and C to have independent routing rules specifying the 945U E clients at B and C as gateways to those networks The routing rules for the access point in the above example are shown below The first entry shows the route to LAN B The gateway for the route to LAN B is configured as the wireless IP address of the 945U E client connected to LAN B The destination for the route is configured as the network address of LAN B Because the host ID of the destination IP address is O it specifies a network address Consequently any traffic received at the access point with destination IP address 1
4. Access Point RS485 Multicast Group Modbus RTU to TCP Serial Gateway Client RS485 Multicast Group Modbus Serial Modbus Client GAEL RS232 M Device Multicast Modbus TCP Server Slave Figure 35 Gateway Topology Examples There are software packages available such as SeriallP Redirector by Tactical Software that can create a virtual serial port on a PC This virtual serial port can be configured to connect to a 945U E serial port Standard programs can then be used to access this serial port as if it were actually connected to the PC Alternatively HyperTerminal may be used to connect to a serial port on the 945U E When creating the HyperTerminal connection select Connect Using TCP IP Winsock enter the IP address of the 945U E and the port selected in the Network Port field Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway The Modbus TCP to RTU gateway allows an Ethernet Modbus TCP client master to communicate with a serial Modbus RTU slave The 945U E makes this possible by internally performing the necessary protocol conversion Because the conversion is always performed by the 945U E which is directly connected to the Modbus serial device only this module needs to have Modbus TCP to RTU gateway enabled Client Access Point Modbus TPC to RTU r Gateway Modbus TCP Client Master RS232 Modbus RTU Slave Figure 36 Modbus TCP Client to Modbus RTU Slaves R
5. Important Notes e All access points must be configured on the same fixed radio channel Auto Channel Selection must not be selected see the Radio Configuration page for details on configuring the channel e Specify SSID for AP STA modes or MAC address for Point to Point mode e Router IP and Subnet fields should be left blank unless that WDS interface is to be on a different subnet Leaving these fields blank will mean that the WDS interface will be bridged with the default wireless interface e Encryption is not inherited from the main page e Each WDS interface can also be configured with a different encryption algorithm However each side of a single WDS link must specify the same encryption algorithm and keys e When adding WDS router interfaces you may need to add a routing rule on the Routing configuration page e When VLANs are enabled router IP and subnet are ignored and the WDS interface is bridged depending on membership to a VLAN group e Spanning Tree Protocol STP column only applies when two or more interfaces are bridged e A maximum of 10 WDS connections can be configured A combined maximum of five virtual access points and five virtual client STA applies e WPA Enterprise configuration is shared with the base access point Authenticator or station Supplicant WDS connections are made by adding one or more virtual modules to an access point see Figure 45 Each virtual module can be configured with one of
6. Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual I gt U m D Oi U L m a O A op Transmitter Receiver Frequency 902 928 MHz 1 915 928 MHz 2 Transmit Power 250 mW 24 dBm to 630 mW 28 dBm data rate and country specific Transmission Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 900 MHz DSSS Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Data Modulation OFDM Receiver Sensitivity 95 dBm 0 25 Mbps 71 dBm 54 Mbps 8 FER Channel Spacing 9 x 1 25 MHz 9 x 2 5 MHz 4x5 MHz 4 x 10 MHz 2 x 20 MHz Data Rate 1 54 Mbps 1 0 25 27 Mbps 2 Auto mode selects fastest rate possible relative to RSSI Range LoS 20 km 12 miles 630 mW 27 dBm O 30 km 18 miles 1W 30 dBm O Antenna Connector 2 x Female SMA Standard Polarity 4 Input Output Discrete I O Input Voltage Free Contact Output FET 30 Vdc 500 mA RS232 RS485 Data Rate Bps 1200 2400 4800 9600 14400 19200 38400 57600 76800 115200 230400 Bps Serial Settings 7 8 Data Bits Stop Start Parity Configurable Protocols Configuration System Address ESSID 1 31 Character Text String TCP IP UDP ARP SNMP RADIUS 802 1x DHCP DNS PPP ICMP HTTP FTP TFTP TELNET MODBUS and MODBUS TCP User Configuration User Configurable Parameters via HTTPS Embedded Web Server Configurable Parameters Protocols Supported Access Point Client Bridge Router Point to Point Point to Multi
7. When setting up a bench test demo or a short range system the following considerations should be taken into account for optimum radio performance and reduced signal saturation e If using Demo Whip antennas DG 900 and WH 900 it is recommended that only the Access Point be fitted with an antenna e f using Demo Whip antennas on each end a 20 dB coax attenuator must be connected in line with the coax cable e If using Demo Whip antennas modules and antennas must be kept a suitable distance from each other Check the receive signal strength on the Connectivity page of the module and ensure the level is not greater than 45 dB Demo Whip antennas should not be used in the final installation as the maximum performance of the modem cannot be guaranteed If using a DG 900 antenna it is better to keep the antennas at least 3 ft 1 m away from the module so as to limit RF saturation Plant and Factory Installations Another application where antenna diversity may be needed is in industrial plants and factories installations which can suffer from multipath fading effects where multiple reflected radio signals adversely affect the signal strength In a static installation where the radio path is not changing moving an antenna to the position of maximum signal solves this problem However where the radio path changes because the 945U E is mounted on moving equipment or if there is moving equipment in the area the solution is to use two anten
8. is the last two digits of the serial number check the label on the back of the module METHOD 2 Requires temporarily changing the IP address in the 945U E via an RS232 connection so that it is accessible on your network without having to change your PC network settings When connected you can change the modem network settings to match that of your network Method 1 Set PC to Same Network as 945U E 1 Connect the Ethernet cable between module and the PC configuring the module 2 Set the factory default switch to the SETUP position This will always start the 945U E with Ethernet IP address 192 168 0 1XX subnet mask 255 255 255 0 gateway IP 192 168 0 1 and the radio disabled A NOTE Remember to set the switch back to the RUN position and restart the module at the conclusion of configuration for resumption of normal operation 3 Power up the 945U E module 4 On the PC open the Control Panel and then open Network Settings The following description is for Windows XP Earlier Windows operating systems have similar settings 5 Open Properties of Local Area Connection Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 23 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP and click Properties Local Area Connection Properties Genera Authentication Advanced Connect using mp SURECOM EP 320 R 100 10M PCI This connection uses the following
9. Specify the SSID that this virtual access point will use Stations connecting to this virtual access point use this SSID Sta Mode Specify the SSID that this virtual station will use when connecting to other access points Point to Point Mode Specify the MAC address of an access point with which a fixed link will be established Usually only required for third party devices Encryption Select the required encryption if any for this WDS link Encryption Key Enter the encryption key for WEP encryption or the passphrase for WPA encryption For WEP encryption the encryption key is set as WEP Key 1 For Sta mode this must match WEP Key 1 on the access point this virtual client will connect to For AP mode clients must configure their WEP Key 1 to the same value as this key and select the Default WEP Key to be WEP Key 1 Router IP Leave this field blank if this WDS interface is to be bridged with the default wireless interface Otherwise enter the IP address for this connection that specifies the IP network to which messages are routed Router Subnet Leave this field blank if this WDS interface is to be bridged with the default wireless interface Otherwise enter the subnet mask of the network to which messages are routed STP Applicable to WDS bridged connections only Select the STP option if you wish to enable the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol on this connection There are many ways to setup wireless networks Often it depends o
10. to im 1448 KBytes 11862 Fbits sec KBytes 11993 Kbits sec 2016 KBytes 16515 Kbits sec 32 KBytes 127114 Kbits sec KBytes 12583 Kbits sec 12858 Kbits sec ho ki ki ki Co bmi kami J oon in lb KG m Mm LOC aot mt mo bb O nam mm Db Ba el up OD t m a O a a A CI TEF Window Size C Max Segment Size Done C TCP No Delay jt Mm EH p j j AD P3 a4 C uDP Clear now C Clear Output on each Iperf Run Figure 99 Jperf Screen 2 When the Jperf screen appears select the Client option for Iperf Mode and enter the IP address of the server PC Leave Port as default and click Run Iperf The test will run again and the bandwidth throughput display will show results of the test Ab NOTE Jperf runs using Java technology Depending on your PC setup further installation of Java software may be required Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 103 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual APPENDIX E GNU FREE DOC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone Is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intende
11. Device Server User Manual LED Indication The following table details the status of the indicating LEDs on the front panel under normal operating conditions LED indicator Condition Meaning SS Radio RX Radio receiving data good signal strength Radio RX Radio receiving data low signal strength TXILINK TXILINK N N Red Digialoutputisaeive o O The Ethernet RJ45 port incorporates two indication LEDs The Link LED comes on when there is a connection on the Ethernet port and will blink off briefly when activity is detected on the Ethernet port The 100 MB LED indicates that the connection is at 100 MBit sec The 100 MB LED will be off for 10 MB sec connection Other conditions indicating a fault are described in Chapter 4 DIAGNOSTICS 3 1 Selecting a Channel 802 11 900 MHz Channels The 945U E conforms to the IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN specification and supports various channels depending on regulations within the country of use If operating in the US Canada the frequency range is 902 928 MHz and the available channels are as follows e9x non overlapping 1 25 MHz channels e 9 x partially overlapping 2 5 MHz channels e 4x non overlapping 5 MHz channels e 4 x overlapping 10 MHz channels e 2 x overlapping 20 MHz channels If operating in Australia the frequency range is 915 928 MHz and the available channels are as follows e 4x non overlapping 1 25 MHz channels e 4 x partially overlapping 2 5 MHz channels e 3 x overlap
12. Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and 104 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
13. Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 107 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Notes 108 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Rev Version 2 15 Customer Assistance Technical Support United States 1 866 713 4409 Australasia 61 7 3352 8624 Other 1 604 944 9247 Email ELPRO Support cooperindustries com Website www cooperbussmann com wireless Australasia Fax 61 7 33528677 US Fax 1 925 924 8502 Online Resources Visit www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources for the following resources and more e User Manuals e Installation Guides e Configuration Software e Datasheets e Dimensional Drawings DE m p 2013 Cooper Bussmann www cooperbussmann com wireless Your Authorized Cooper Bussmann Distributor is North America amp Latin America 5735 W Las Positas Suite 100 Pleasanton California 94588 USA Telephone 1 925 924 8500 elpro sales cooperindustries com Australia New Zealand Cooper Technology Centre Suite 2 01 Quad 2 8 Parkview Drive Sydney Olympic Park NSW 2127 AUSTRALIA Telephone 61 2 8787 2777 elpro sales cooperindustries com China 955 Shengli Road East Area of Zhangjiang High Tech Park Shanghai 201201 CHINA Telephone 86 21 2899 3600 elpro sales cooperindustries com Southeast Asia 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5 06 01 Fu Yu Building 554911 SINGAPORE Telephone 65 6645 9888 e
14. The Network Configuration page allows configuration of parameters related to the wired and wireless Ethernet interfaces In general IP address selection will be dependent upon the connected wired Ethernet device s Before connecting to an existing LAN consult the network administrator Default configuration of the module will be Client and Bridge When in Bridged mode the module s wired and wireless IP address will be the same meaning only one IP address is required If the device mode is changed to Router the page will display two IP addresses one for Ethernet and one for wireless For more information on bridging networks see 3 18 Routing If the module has been configured for VLAN the page will show device mode as VLAN Bridge and the Ethernet IP and netmask will no longer be editable See 3 22 VLAN for details on VLAN configuration A system of 945U Es must have at least one access point configured as a master and have one or more clients All 945U Es should be given the same system address ESSID and radio encryption settings For further information and examples on wireless network topologies refer to 1 0 Network Topology The 945U E supports several different radio encryption schemes If utilizing any form of encryption all modules in the system that communicate with each other will need the same encryption method and encryption keys The available encryption methods are as follows e WE
15. adjacent channels do not cross over However the data throughput will be considerably lower If you require high data throughput the higher band width will need to be selected and care will also need to be taken with antenna placement Selecting a 20 MHz channel will give the maximum TCP IP throughput of around 22 Mbps but if the band width is reduced for example 10 MHz or 5 MHz the maximum data throughput will also be reduced For an indication of the data throughput levels used with different channel bandwidths see the 945U E Radio Data Throughput table in the next section Radio Throughput Below is a table showing the maximum TCP IP throughput based on channel selection and receiver signal level There are five channel bandwidths 20 10 5 2 5 and 1 25 MHz These throughput estimations are based on perfect radio conditions that assume little to no outside radio interference present while data is being passed and they are calculated using real life conditions and communication constraints Higher data rates are achievable by using an external Iperf arrangement For details see 4 4 Throughput Test Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 21 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual eomz DataRateinMbp3 Signal Strength 20MHz TomHz smHz asmHz 125mhz Tamaan 190145 iii if raem 60 feo 15 loro los soam 55 as a los oa saem fo foso ozs ors loo
16. recommended method of measuring throughput is with the Iperf utility Iperf has client and server functionality where the server waits for a client connection For wireless links it is recommended that Iperf throughput testing is performed on point to point links while the remainder of the wireless network is inactive not sending any data The Iperf utility is built into the modems for convenience and allows measurement of TCP throughput with default lperf parameters The internal Iperf utility always gives a lower result than running Iperf externally because of the additional load placed on the internal microprocessor Even so the throughput results still gives an excellent indication of link performance as long as you compare the measured result against the expected result in the table See 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration for details on running this application externally Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 79 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Internal Throughput Test Before testing ensure that the end node of the Wi Fi link that you wish to test has the Iperf server enabled under the Advanced Radio Settings page and Saved to Flash and the module has been reset See 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration A NOTE TCP Throughput test must be run using Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 or later Advanced Radio Settings Tx Antenna Main Pot Only Rx Antenna
17. 12 Multicast Pipe Manager Previously it has been difficult to connect a single TCP device such as a SCADA or DCS system to multiple remote multicast serial devices Multicast pipe allows this type of connection An example would be a SCADA system that needs to communicate with multiple remote serial devices A modem can be placed at each remote location and connected serially to each device A multicast pipe is configured to communicate with all devices using a multicast address and port for example 224 0 1 1 5000 The SCADA then communicates with the remotes using TCP via the IP address of the multicast manager and the port selected in the configuration for example 5001 Enabled Server Port 5001 Multicast Groupt IP Address 224 0 1 1 Multicast Group Port 5000 Figure 37 Multicast Pipe Multicast Pipe Enabled Multicast Address 224 0 1 1 Port 5000 Client ly Serial Client Multicast Group Multicast Address 224 0 1 1 Port 5000 Server Scada Running a Client Virtual Serial Port Figure 38 Multicast Group Enabled Enables or disables the multicast pipe manager Server Port Server port used by the multicast pipe manager Will need to be configured the same as the port on the client for example SCADA or DCS Multicast Group IP Broadcast address used when communicating to all other multicast devices This Address address will need to be the same on all communicating multicast dev
18. 224 0 1 0 to 238 255 255 255 Modbus Allows a serial Modbus client master to connect with a single Ethernet Modbus TCP server slave Enter the maximum delay in msec between received serial characters before packet is sent via network The number of received bytes that will be buffered before a packet is sent via the network Enter the TCP port number of the remote server the remote port to automatically connect to Enter the IP address of the remote server the remote IP address to automatically connect to RS 232 RS485 Modbus TCP RTU Converter Modbus Server TCP Port Pauses Between Requests Response Timeout Connection Timeout Maximum Request Retries Maximum Connections Rev Version 2 15 Port number used for the Modbus TCP Standard port is 502 Enter the delay between serial request retries in milliseconds Enter the serial response timeout in milliseconds A serial retry will be sent if a response is not received within this timeout period Enter the TCP connection timeout in seconds If no Modbus TCP data is received within this timeout period the TCP connection will be dropped Set this field to zero for no timeout Enter the maximum number of request retries performed serially Enter the maximum number of simultaneous TCP connections to the server allowed www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 43 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 3
19. Configuration Each antenna port can be configured for TX only RX only or Diversity TX and RX Selection can be made by choosing one of the options from TX Antenna RX Antenna on the Advanced Radio Configuration page Ab NOTE When only one antenna is used it must be connected to the TX RX connector Antenna Diversity There are two main reasons for using Antenna diversity The first is to improve the reliability of a radio link that may be affected by multipath signals Often if radio signals are transmitted in built up area the signal can get reflected off different surfaces and when these signals are received they can cancel each other out due to slightly different Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 11 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual time delays Using more than one antenna the radio is able to choose the best signal thus providing a more robust radio link The second reason to use antennas diversity is to increase the received radio signal into the receiver All countries have radio licensing regulations that can often limit on the amount of transmitted power and radiated power from the antenna In the US this is 680 mW or 1000 mW for the 945U E H of transmit power and 4 watts EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power from the antenna If a high gain antenna is used to try and improve the receive signal it will also increase the transmit level and push it over the EIRP
20. Device IP Address User name to enter to access RS 232 PPP server Password to access RS 232 PPP server Select the IP address of the PPP server The remote device may be made visible on the Ethernet or wireless networks by either utilizing proxy arp or routing The proxy arp feature may be enabled by setting the local IP address the same as the Ethernet IP address or the wireless IP address The module will respond on behalf of the remote device making it seem like the device is present on the configured network Alternatively if the IP address selected is not the same as the Ethernet or wireless IP address routing is used to pass data to the Ethernet and wireless ports Select the IP address of the remote device Ensure this address is not the same as any other device on the Ethernet or wireless networks RS 232 RS485 Serial Gateway Mode 42 Serial Gateway Mode Character Timeout Packet Size Listen Port Server Serial Gateway Mode Character Timeout Packet Size Server Module will wait for a connection to be initiated by a remote client Enter the maximum delay in msec between received serial characters before the packet is sent via network The number of received bytes that will be buffered before a packet is sent via the network Server only Enter the TCP port number on which the server must listen for incoming connections The standard TELNET port is 23 Client Module will automatically attempt to
21. Guide Check with your local distributor for further information on regulations 2 Operation is authorized by the radio frequency regulatory authority in your country on a non protection basis Although all care is taken in the design of these units there is no responsibility taken for sources of external interference Systems should be designed to be tolerant of these operational delays 3 To avoid the risk of electrocution the aerial aerial cable serial cables and all terminals of the 945U E module should be electrically protected To provide maximum surge and lightning protection the module should be Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 3 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual connected to a suitable ground earth and the aerial aerial cable serial cables and the module should be installed as recommended in the Installation Guide 4 To avoid accidents during maintenance or adjustment of remotely controlled equipment all equipment should be first disconnected from the 945U E module during these adjustments Equipment should carry clear markings to indicate remote or automatic operation For example This equipment is remotely controlled and may start without warning Isolate at the switchboard before attempting adjustments 5 The 945U E module is not suitable for use in explosive environments without additional protection 6 The 945U E operates using the same radi
22. PC as guest Set the Connection Name Select a COM port Select availability Click Finish 9 O NS MM Ts O NW Select properties of this new connection by right clicking the connection a maa On the General Tab click Configure 12 Ensure that the maximum speed is 115200 bps and click OK 13 Select the Networking Tab and then click Internet Protocol TCP IP in the list box and click Properties Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 39 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual button 14 On Properties click Advanced 15 On the Advanced TCP IP Settings General tab clear the field in the PPP link Use IP header compression Configuration is now complete 16 Click the newly created link to establish a connection to 945U E 17 Ensure that the username and the password are entered exactly as configured in 945U E When booted in SETUP mode the PPP server has the username user and password user Serial Gateway Server Client Multicast Serial gateway functionality is available for both RS 232 and RS 485 ports independently and enables serial data to be routed via the wired or wireless network connection Serial gateway functionality is similar to radio modem functionality allowing point to point and multipoint serial data transfer The serial gateway can be configured as either server client multicast group or Modbus e Ser
23. STP can be configured on the Repeaters configuration page 3 6 Security Menu Select the Radio Encryption level from the drop down menu on the main index page and then click Save Changes Available encryption levels are None WEP 64 bit WEP 128 bit WPA PSK TKIP WPA PSK AES WPA2 PSK AES WPA PSK WPA2 PSK Legacy and WPA Enterprise The default setting is None you will now need to go to the Security Menu and enter the encryption keys WEP passphrase WPA Wireless Interface Operating Mode Access Point oystem Address ESSID Network Desired BSSID 00 00 00 00 00 00 Radio Encryption WPA2 PSK AES Configure Encryption Settings on Security Page Figure 26 Security Menu Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 31 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WEP 64 bit and 128 bit Encryption Keys 1 to 4 These are the keys used to encrypt radio data to protect data from unwanted eavesdroppers when WEP Encryption is selected These keys should be the same for all 945U E units in the same system WEP keys must be entered as pairs of hexadecimal digits separated by colons Hexadecimal digits are in the range 0 9 and A F The 64 bit WEP requires 10 hexadecimal digits and 128 bit WEP requires 26 hexadecimal digits For example 12 AB EF 00 56 for 64 bit encryption and 12 AB EF 00 56 15 6B E4 30 C8 05 F0 8D for 128 bit encryption Encryption keys mu
24. Save Changes and Saves to non volatile memory and restart to activate changes Reset IP Address Filter Configuration The IP filter can be used to permit or deny network access to specific devices through the use of blacklists blocking of traffic that matches a rule and whitelists allowing traffic that matches a rule The IP filter entry will match either source or destination address in the packet That is if either the source or destination IP address falls within the address range specified in the rule the packet is matched and will be discarded blacklist or allowed whitelist If the protocol is specified the protocol of the packet must also match If the protocol is TCP or UDP the source or destination TCP UDP can also be inspected If the IP address and protocol matches and the source or destination port number falls within the range specified the packet is matched A NOTE Configuration pages use TCP protocol on ports 80 and 443 Create whitelist rules specifying the configuration PC s IP address with TCP protocol ports 80 and 443 Select Blacklist or Blacklist will prevent all listed devices from accessing the module and using the radio Whitelist link Whitelist will allow devices with the IP addresses listed to communicate with the module and utilize the radio link All other devices are blocked Add Entry Adds a row to the table of IP Address filter rules Delete Entry Deletes the currently selected IP addres
25. Tools gt Internet Options gt Connections Tab gt LAN Settings gt Proxy Server gt bypass proxy for local addresses Enter the IP address for the 945U E into the Internet Explorer address bar For example if you changed the temporary address in step 5 to 10 10 0 6 you would enter http 10 10 0 6 Enter the username user and default password user You should now be connected to the main index page on the modem 10 Connect to the Network page and change the Ethernet Interface and Wireless Interface IP addresses to 10 10 0 6 11 Switch the RUN SETUP switch back to RUN and click Save Changes and Reset amp 26 NOTE Because the modem can be setup numerous ways such as a bridge or router this setup will allow the modem to appear on the 10 10 0 X network Any other configuration changes can be made after this initial connection see the following sections on configuration www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 3 3 Quick Start The 945U E has a Quick Start Configuration option that covers the most important parameters needed to get an initial connection This is the first stage of the module configuration For most applications no further configuration is required For more advanced applications additional parameters can be changed via the normal configuration pages after the Quick Start configuration
26. and the Internet should set the Internet router 192 168 0 1 as their gateway and must have a routing rule established for devices on network B On PCs this may be achieved with the MS DOS command ROUTE For this example use ROUTE ADD 169 254 102 0 MASK 255 255 255 0 192 168 0 200 For more information on the DOS Route command see 4 10 Utilities Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 71 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual LAN B Configuration All devices on LAN B should be configured so their gateway IP address is that of the 945U E access point as 169 254 102 54 Access Point Configuration 1 meo o e Kh TO T Connect a straight through Ethernet cable between the PC and the 945U E Ensure that the configuration PC and 945U E are setup to communicate on the same network Set the DIP switch to SETUP Power up the unit and wait for the LINK LED to cease flashing Adjust the PC network settings Set the Configuration PC network card with the network setting of IP address 192 168 0 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 a Open the Configuration webpage with Internet Explorer at address 192 168 0 1XX b When prompted for the password enter default username user and password user c Enter Network and select the Operating Mode as Access Point d Set the Device Mode to Router e Set the Gateway IP Address to 192 168 0 1 f Set the Ethe
27. asam 05 oss ors oo oo Throughput and Repeaters It should also be noted that if using repeaters to extend the range there will be a reduction in throughput for each repeater hop The following tables show the drop in throughput for each hop and for each of the channel widths Data Throughput Based on Repeater Hops p J J U Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 20 MHz Channel 10 MHz Channel 5 MHz Channel om T jan jan ka CC fes pa fer fes ha r pr fe fai Data Throughput Based on Repeater Hops U 1Hop 2Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop 4 Hop m fes a e fa pa je a a7 js ps ps es fa ps fe fa e 22 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 3 2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time The 945U E has a built in Web server containing webpages for analyzing and modifying the module s configuration The configuration can be accessed using Microsoft Internet Explorer version 7 or greater This program is shipped with Microsoft Windows or may be obtained freely via the Microsoft website If using other browsers they must be fully compliant with Internet Explorer 7 SSL security A NOTE Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6 will not load webpages due to a compatibility issue between IE6 and SSL security websites Default Configuration The default factor
28. connect to the specified remote server Enter the maximum delay in msec between received serial characters before the packet is sent via network The number of received bytes that will be buffered before a packet is sent via the network www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Remote Device Port Remote Device IP Address Serial Gateway Mode Character Timeout Packet Size Multicast Group Port Multicast Group IP Address Serial Gateway Mode Character Timeout Packet Size Modbus Server Port Modbus Server IP Address Client only Enter the TCP port number of the remote server the remote port to automatically connect to Client only Enter the IP address of the remote server Multicast Allows point to multi point serial transfer All members of the group will receive serial transmissions made by any other member of the multicast group Enter the maximum delay in msec between received serial characters before packet is sent via network The number of received bytes that will be buffered before a packet is sent via the network Enter the UDP port number that all members of the group will use All group members should use the same port number Enter a valid multicast IP address identifying the group all group members should use the same multicast group IP address Valid multicast IP addresses are in the range
29. has been saved Device Mode Operating Mode Client Station Default Gateway 192 168 0 1 IP Address 192 168 0117 subnet Mask 255 255 2550 System Address E5SID TEST_SSID Radio Encryption None v WPA Passphrase passphrase Figure 23 Quick Start Quick Start Configuration 1 Select Quick Start from the Main Menu and then set the following parameters e Operating Mode Access Point or Client Bridge operation is assumed For router selection go to the Network page after Quick Start e Default Gateway This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are not connected to any of the local bridged networks Ethernet or Wireless e P Address Subnet Mask IP IP address and subnet mask for your application e System Address ESSID The system address is a text string 1 to 31 characters long used to identify your system e Radio Encryption Radio encryption selection None WPA PSK TKIP WPA PSK AES or WPA2 Refer to 3 7 Security Menu if WEP or enterprise encryption is required e WPA Passphrase 128 bit encryption keys are internally generated based on the passphrase and system address ESSID The passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters long and must be the same for all 945U E units in the same system The default settings will be shown If your system is connecting individual devices that are not connected to an existing Ethernet LAN you can use the factory defa
30. noise the radio is able to hear This level does not indicate external radio interference noise level CAPS Capabilities Ref 802 11 Standard Site Survey Site survey is a one off snapshot showing the access points that are available for connection This list is only available on clients and only available at start up of the module or by selecting Background Scanning on the Radio page Site Survey SSID BSSID CHAN RATE S N INT CAPS TEST S51D D6 12 af 00 56 fe 24 54 00M 52 96 100 ESs WME ATH Figure 73 Connectivity Site Survey SSID The service set identifier or network name used to identify a particular network BSSID The MAC media access control address of the access point CHAN The radio channel being used RATE Maximum radio data rate S N Signal strength and noise level In the case shown in Figure 73 the signal is 44 dB and background noise level is 88 dB INT Beacon interval CAPS Capabilities Ref 802 11 Standard 4 2 Channel Survey Utilization Channel utilization gives a visual display of how busy the current channel is over a given time period Channel utilization is made up of three components transmissions made by this radio data received by this radio and noise or interference that this radio can hear These three components may also be viewed individually on the Custom Survey page Channel utilization is logged by the radio for three separate time intervals every second for Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbu
31. of the previous access point Figure 48 shows a bridging network with a number of access points all with the same SSID and network structure so the Stations can freely roam between access points Each access point then needs a separate connection to the next access point which is provided using the WDS Virtual Access Points and Stations Site B is acting as a virtual AP for Site A which in turn is acting as a virtual station At the same time Site B is also acting as a virtual station for Site C which in turn is acting as a virtual access point This setup can be replicated to extend the range and will allow any roaming stations full connectivity across the network Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 53 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WDS Connections Connection Mode SSID MAC Address Encryption state Key Router IP Router Subnet Figure 49 Site B WDS Configuration 2 Example 3 Adding Redundancy In the example below 4 x access points A B C amp D form a mesh network using only WDS bridge interfaces Each of the access points may also have its own associated clients Each access point is configured with a different SSID which means that the clients associated with each access point are fixed Redundant Networks Site B Virtual Station SSID alae C pa z T woe a mg 5 Virtual Station Virtual Station L k Ca F Virtual St
32. on the Network page of the module A Management VLAN is created to ensure that the module will be accessible for configuration and diagnostics after setup If more than one interface is added to a VLAN group a separate bridge will be created for the VLAN group The configured interfaces for the VLAN group will then be configured as ports on the bridge In Figure 62 the Management VLAN has two interfaces configured Ethernet and wireless and both are set to Untagged This means the module can be accessed by either Ethernet or wireless networks using untagged frames VLAN Configuration VLAN Mode VLAN Aware In VLAN Passthrough Mode all frames pass transparently through the bridge regardless of whether they are VLAN tagged or untagged In this mode access to the internal management functions is via untagged frames only using the IP Address and Subnet Mask configured on the Network page In VLAN Aware Mode only explicitly configured VLANs are allowed corresponding to the configured VLAN Groups below When one or more VLAN Groups have been configured VLAN passthrough is disabled and VLAN Aware Mode is enabled Modify the Management VLAN as required to provide access to the internal managament functions and online configuration interface The Management VLAN will override the Network page settings Management VLAN Delete Management VLAN Name VLAN VLAN Management IP Management Bridge Bridge ID Priority _
33. own client or stations associated In both examples Sites A B C and D can all exchange data with each other The bridged example has the advantage of redundancy but at the expense of extra overhead The routed example below cannot provide the redundancy of the bridged example and requires more configuration effort but does not have the overhead of using the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol and therefore is suited to fixed installations that do not require redundancy Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources ae Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Site B 192 168 5 X SSID B Virtual Client SSID SSID A 192 168 0 3 Virtual Client SSID SSID C 192 168 6 3 WDS Router LAN 169 254 5 X 192 168 5 X SSID D LAN 192 168 0 X SSID A 192 168 6 X SSID_C SSID SSID C Virtual Client SSID SSID_A 192 168 0 4 Ei Vinual AP Default Gateway WDS Routed Virtual Station a Networ k Site C Figure 53 WDS Routed Each modem has a different SSID This is done to limit broadcast traffic and to route data only were it needs to go Site B has two virtual client WDS links configured one to Site A s access point and one to Site C s access point Figure 54 shows the WDS connections at Site B WDS Connections Delete Entry Connection Mode S5ID MAC Address Encryption Encryption Key Router IP Router Subnet STP 1 Client
34. point Wireless Distribution System AP AP Repeater Modbus TCP RTU Gateway Serial Client Server Multicast Simultaneous RS232 485 Connection Embedded Modbus Master Slave for I O Transfer Data Encryption 802 111 With CCMP 128 bit AES Support for 802 1x Radius Server Secure HTTP Protocol Security 92 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Bandwidth Protection MAC Address Whitelist Blacklist IP Filtering Whitelist Blacklist ARP GARP Filtering Whitelist Blacklist LED Indication Diagnostics Power OK RX TX Link RS232 LAN RS485 Digital I O status LED Indication Please refer to product manual for further information Reported Diagnostics RSSI Measurements dBm Connectivity Information Statistics System Log file Network Management N RF Radio Safety UL Size 114 x 168 x 30 mm 4 5 x 6 7 x 1 2 Temperature Rating Humidity Rating Weight Installation Category 2 Transient voltages are not higher than 2 5 kV at 250 Vac supply Altitude 410 mA 12 V 27 dBm 210 mA 24 V 27 dBm 500 mA 12 V 30 dBm 250 mA 24 V dBm NOTE Specifications subject to change 1 Configured for US 2 Configured for Australia Brazil 3 Typical maximum line of sight range 4 Supports signal diversity or high gain antenna 5 Can be used to transfer I O status or communications failure output 6 Maxi
35. regulation limit Using Antenna diversity allows two antennas to be used one for receive and the other for transmit receive The TX RX antenna has the normal restriction on gain to keep it below the regulation limit However the receive antenna has no regulatory limits as it does not radiate power so a higher gain antenna can be used to receive weaker signals See 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration for details on configuring Antenna diversity In North America the maximum allowable radiated power EIRP for a 945U E is 4 Watts which is 8 dB higher that the modules transmit power of 630 mW or 6 dB higher that the transmit power of the 945U E H Therefore we are able to increase the antenna gain as long as overall system gain antenna Gain coax loss does not go above 8 dB for the 945U E or 6 dB for the 945U E H Example e Using the 945U E with 10 m 83 ft of Cellfoil coax cable approximately 3 dB of loss and an 8 dBi collinear antenna would equate to approximately 5 dB of gain which is below the regulated 8 dB limit e Using the 945U E H with 20 m 66 ft of Cellfoil coax cable approximately 6 dB of loss and a 10 dBi Yagi antenna would equate to approximately 4 dB of gain which is below the regulated 6 dB limit Bench Test and Demo System Setup Care must be taken with placement of antenna in relation to the radios and the other antennas Strong radio signals can saturate the receiver hindering the overall radio communications
36. repeater 1 and WDS repeater 2 are being bridged to VLAN ID 20 and VLAN ID 30 respectively Configuration for these wireless bridges is done from the Repeaters page see the example in Figure 68 WDS Connections Connection Mode SSID MAC Address Encryption Encryption Key Router IP Router Subnet STP 1 Access Point Downlink Guest WEP 64 bi 01 0D 12 1E 23 A E Access Point Downlink Production WPA2 PSK AES WiReLeSs_TeChNoLoGy A Figure 68 WDS Encryption Notice that all three wireless interfaces are setup as access points but are configured with different SSIDs and encryption methods keys If encryption fields are left blank the connection will use the default wireless interface parameters as configured on the Network page Similarly if the router IP and subnet are left blank the connection will use the same default settings A NOTE Router IP and subnet do not need to be configured in WDS Connections because it will use the IP address assigned in the VLAN group The VLAN multiple wireless interfaces example above shows that each group is using a different VLAN priority Priorities can be given to each interface by configuring a value between zero and seven seven being the highest priority and one being the lowest These values can be used to prioritize the configured VLAN networks In our example the Production VLAN has the highest priority which means it will h
37. reset module Reset When fast roaming is enabled the client goes off channel and periodically performs a background scan to identify available access points When access points are identified the RSSI is recorded as a potential connection It takes 50 msec to scan each channel with a 1 second delay between each scanned channel Scanning 10 channels will take 10 seconds during which time latency of up to 50 msec will occur and any throughput traffic is essentially paused and buffered for retransmission when complete It is therefore recommended the scan list be used to limit the number of channels the client needs to scan thus reducing the overall scan time During the background scan a client will scan all of the channels in the scan list to identify better access points If no channels are configured it will scan all channels Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 49 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Scan List only scan these channels for an AP Note Channel Width setting above will apply only when there are no entries in the Scan List Add Entry Delete Entry Channel 1 6 904MHz 2 5MHz 2 15 907MHz 25MHz 3 26 914MHz 2 5MHz Save Changes save Changes and Reset Figure 44 Scan List The configuration in Figure 44 shows that the client will start scanning when the RSSI of its current connection to the access point falls below 90 dBm When t
38. runs of 485 cables may not require the termination resistors to be enabled a 1200 Wireless Ethernet HOST ORT PIE 55 HOLIMS did 11Nv33G 13NY3AH13 Old O0 l HOI Q1IMS did Figure 14 Multidrop Serial LINK C0000 Ba Aza folofolo C 9 68 7 6 ar B A ETHERNET RS232 COM DIO DCE RS 485 SUPPLY Figure 15 End Plate 2 4 Discrete Digital Input Output The 945U E has one on board discrete digital I O channel This channel can act as either a discrete input or discrete output It can be monitored set remotely or alternatively used to output a communications alarm status If used as an input the I O channel is suitable for voltage free contacts such as mechanical switches or NPN transistor devices Such as electronic proximity switches PNP transistor devices are not suitable Contact wetting current of approximately 5 mA is provided to maintain reliable operation of driving relays The digital input is connected between the DIO terminal and common COM The I O circuit includes a LED indicator which is green when the digital input is active that is when the input circuit is closed Provided the resistance of the switching device is less than 200 ohms the device will be able to activate the digital input Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 17 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Voltage Free Input V MOD
39. sending probe request messages when it is searching for an access point to connect to Instead the client waits for a beacon transmission from the access point Passive scanning should be disabled when fast roaming is enabled Roam Scan Background scan will be initiated when the RSSI to the currently connected AP Threshold drops below this threshold and fast roaming above is enabled Default is 90 dBm Roam Changeover This is the RSSI value above the roam scan threshold that is required for the client to Threshold change to the new access point In the example shown above the access point RSSI would need to be above 84 dB before it would change over In general the roam changeover threshold should be at least 6 dB otherwise changeovers could occur too frequently Roam Check Interval If a better access point is not found the background scan is repeated every roam check interval while the signal strength to the currently connected AP is below the roam scan threshold Channel Width The channel width setting will apply only when there are no entries in the scan list This allows you to select channel width bands for the background scan If 5 MHz is selected only 5 MHz channels will be scanned during the background scan Default is Auto which means all channels will be scanned Save Changes Saves changes to non volatile memory Changes will not take effect until module is reset Save Changes and Saves changes to non volatile memory and
40. shows the IP address and its associated MAC address of any another device that has a connection to it The command arp lists the commands available for this function route The route command is used where you are joining two or more different networks together via the 945U E Refer to 1 1 Getting Started Quickly for details If more than one routing rule is needed for example for multiple networks each with a different IP range a routing table is required If only one route is required a default gateway IP address on the main Network Page can be configured instead of configuring a routing rule In the example in Figure 93 a routing rule needs to be entered into the Network A s PC which will allow access between Network A and Network B This can be entered at the command prompt using the following instructions 90 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual e route PRINT will show all active routes on PC e route ADD will add a routing table to network e route DELETE lt destination netmask gateway interface gt will delete the unwanted routing table route CHANGE modifies an existing route Ethernet IP 192 168 2 50 Wireless IP 192 168 2 50 Gateway IP 192 168 2 51 Ethernet IP 192 168 0 191 Wireless IP 192 168 2 51 Gateway IP 192 168 0 1 Access Point Router Pc P PC p NETWORK A NETWORK B 192 16
41. temz W Bl Cien for Microsoft Networks be File and Printer Shaving for Microsoft Networks w Mi Qos Packet Scheduler atemet Prot al BA mi De scnption Transmission Control ProbocolAntemet Protocol The default wide area network protocol that prowdes communication across diverse interconnected networks C Show icon in notification area when connected Notify me when this connection has limited or no connectivity Figure 19 Local Area Connection 7 On the General tab enter IP address 192 168 0 1 subnet mask 255 255 255 0 and click OK Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Yau can get IP settings assigned sutomabcalk if pour nebeodk supports this capability Othewise you need to ack pour nehork administrator kor the appropiate IP settings Obtain an IP address automaticaly Use the following IP address IP addhess 492 168 0 1 Subnet mask 25 25 5 0 Defaul gateway Obtam DNS server address automatically Use the folowing DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Altermate DNS server Figure 20 TCP IP Properties 8 Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected If the PC uses a proxy server ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses This option may be modified by opening Tools gt Internet Options gt Connections Tab gt LAN Settings 5Proxy Server gt bypass proxy for local addr
42. that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and t
43. the server This time enter the iperf command to start the client communication to the server perf c lt IP address of Server PCs w 65535 See Figure 96 Command Prompt icrosoft Windows XP Version 5 1 2600 ra CC Copyright 1985 2001 Microsoft Corp hm cd jperf 2 8 24bin niperf 2 0 24bin iperf c 192 168 0 115 w 65535 Figure 96 iperf c Command This will run a test over the Wi Fi Link to the server PC and report back results as seen in Figure 97 These results show the bandwidth throughput of the test as 16 2 Mbits sec Command Prompt zNjJperf 2 0 25 bin gt iperf c 192 168 606 115 w 65535 lient connecting to 192 168 808 115 TCP port 5201 CP window size 64 0 KByte 1828 local 192 168 09 17 port 2422 connected with 192 168 686 115 port 5001 ID Interval Transfer Bandwidth 1828 0 0 10 0 sec 19 3 MBytes 16 2 Mbits sec jperf 2 6 2 bin gt _ Figure 97 Bandwidth 4 Using the theoretical throughput calculations shown in the following table you can compare the results with the measured to give an indication of the difference between expected and measured Keep in mind that the theoretical calculations are best case possible results far Mops 27 Mops arms o C sms smes sms s00Kop s00Kbps 500Kbps 50ks J Cd ows CT oes In the command line for the client mapping you established the server IP address followed by the w 65535 w is the window size and the
44. the 945U E and the remote device IP address Some care must be taken in selecting these IP addresses e f you want to use routing over this serial network connection the IP addresses selected must not lie on wireless or wired Ethernet networks already configured into the device You must ensure they set routing rules appropriately for devices either side of the network e f you want the serial device visible as present on the wireless or wired network then the local IP address must be the same as the IP address set for the desired port A process called proxy ARP is used to make the device visible on the network In this process the 945U E pretends that it holds the IP address on the network and responds on behalf of the remote device The result of this is similar to bridging for a single device with some exceptions One of these exceptions is the inability to handle name server searches of the network via this serial link For example you would encounter difficulty if you were to use Windows Explorer over the serial link to find a PC on the wired network For this to operate correctly you must explicitly map computer names to IP addresses in the LMHOSTS file on your PC To configure Windows XP to establish a PPP connection to a 945U E in SETUP mode 1 On Network Connections select Create a new connection In the New Connection Wizard click Next Set up an advanced connection Connect directly to another computer Set the
45. the IP address of the access point A NOTE The onboard Iperf server must be enabled at the access point prior to running this test The throughput test will run through a continuous cycle where data is transferred for 10 seconds followed by 10 seconds of silence The RS485 LED and the DIO LED are used as indicators of the throughput test While data is being transferred the DIO LED is red and while no data is being transferred the DIO LED is off If the average throughput over the 10 second duration of the throughput test is greater than the configurable Throughput High Threshold then the RS485 LED will be green Otherwise if the throughput is greater than the configurable Throughput Low Threshold the RS485 LED will be red If the measured throughput is less than the Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 85 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Throughput Low Threshold the RS485 LED will be off Radio path test can be accesses by selecting the link from the System Tools page and then ticking the Enable Radio Path Test and entering in appropriate thresholds levels to indicate RSSI and throughput and the IP address of the Iperf server normally the access point Figure 87 shows the indications you will see using the configuration above Green Red Flashing Radio Path Test enabled gt gt Ok ey S RT Green RSSI is above Strong RSSI threshold i R
46. the new firmware is applied DO NOT DISCONNECT POWER UNTIL FIRMWARE UPGRADE IS COMPLETE If programming fails a manual firmware upgrade may have to be performed locally to restore normal operation Upgrade will take approximately 1 minute f connected directly via wired ethernet It may take longer f programmed remotely using the radio network depending on the current radio band rate Performing an upgrade via a poor radio path is not recommended Figure 94 Firmware Upgrades 94 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual APPENDIX B GLOSSARY Access Point An access point connects wireless network stations or clients to other stations within the wireless network and also can serve as the point of interconnection between the wireless network and a wired network Each access point can serve multiple users within a defined network area Also known as a base station Ad hoc network often refers to a mode of operation of IEEE 802 11 wireless networks An ad hoc network is any set of networks where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network device in link range Each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes so the determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity Antennae do not increase the transmission power bu
47. which will give better RX signal gain without increasing the TX gain and possibly pushing it over the regulatory EIRP threshold DTIM Period Access point only DTIM sets which beacon frames incorporate extra information for low power sleeping client devices Normally set this to 1 RTS Threshold Request To Send threshold RTS frames can be used to help avoid radio collisions between two stations that cannot directly hear each other Any frame larger than the RTS threshold bytes will be preceded by an RTS message The default value of RTS threshold is 2346 which effectively disables RTS signaling as this value is larger than the maximum frame size fragmentation threshold Fragmentation Client stations only The maximum transmission unit MTU of data over the radio If Threshold more than this number of bytes is input into the module it will be transmitted in more than one message fragmented Interference Access point only Interference Mitigation should only be turn on default is Off if Mitigation using demo whip antennas or if there is a high level of background interference By enabling this option the radio will dynamically adjust radio parameters to help mitigate interference based on any background interference It will reduce the receiver sensitivity and therefore should only be enabled on paths with a high fade margin and good signal quality Bursting Selecting this option can increase the data throughput by reducing th
48. zero 46 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 192 168 0 200 Device Modbus TCP Modbus TCP Client ID 1 Server B C Modbus RTU AEE Device Device 4088 Modbus RTU Slave ID 5 ID 6 Slave A D Figure 41 Modbus An example of the Modbus functionality of the 945U E is illustrated below In this example the status of the onboard digital input at C will be reflected at the onboard digital output at B Also 8 single bit registers from Modbus serial device D will be transferred to A Modbus TCP Client Mappings Add Entry Delete Entry Local 10 Function Code Destination Device Server IP Address Response Comm Fail Register Count Register id _ Timeout ms Register 1 4300 1 15 Write Coils x 4320 1 192 168 0 200 1000 0 2 1 8 02 Read Discretes v 1 6 192 168 0 200 1000 0 a 1 8 15 Write Coils v 1 S 192 168 0 123 1000 0 Figure 42 Modbus Mappings for Unit B Unit C is configured with Modbus TCP server enabled and device ID set to 1 so that the Modbus TCP client at unit B can connect and read the status of the onboard digital input Unit C also has the Modbus TCP to RTU gateway enabled see RS 232 RS485 Modbus TCP RTU Converter on page 43 so that the Modbus TCP client at unit B can communicate with the serial Modbus RTU device D Unit B is configured as shown above in Figure 42 The first mapp
49. 0 and VLAN ID 30 on the physical Ethernet interface which forms a VLAN trunk Untagged data transferred via the first wireless interface wi0 is internally bridged with the virtual interface VLAN ID 10 Likewise untagged data transferred via the other two WDS repeater interfaces wil and wi2 are bridged respectively with VLAN ID 20 and VLAN ID 30 The unique VLAN tags are used for corresponding Ethernet data so that the Ethernet port becomes a VLAN trunk Because the 945U E supports flexible VLAN functionality such that any of the available interfaces can have membership to particular VLAN s by assigning membership to one or more VLAN groups virtually any possible topology can be achieved Figure 66 shows the configuration for the multi VLAN example described above Notice that there are four groups configured one for management and one for each of the VLAN IDs The management group only has the untagged Ethernet interface configured which means only untagged device on the same IP subnet can access the modules configuration Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 67 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Modify the Management VLAN as required to provide access to the internal managament functions and online configuration interface The Management WLAN will the Network page settings Management VLAN Delete Management VLAN a UG Interface Membership for Management
50. 0 5026 As per 5010 5016 As per registers 5010 5016 but for the next wireless adapter wit Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 87 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Register Module Description 5030 5036 As per 5010 5016 As per registers 5010 5016 but for the next wireless adapter wi2 5040 5046 As per 5010 5016 As per registers 5010 5016 but for the next wireless adapter wi3 5200 AP Only RSSI of the client STA 5201 AP Only Transmit data rate to client STA 5202 AP Only MAC address of client STA Dynamic list of STAs Refer to register 5023 5033 and so on for starting register of each wi interface 9999 Reset module enter FFFF to reset module Statistic Registers Register Module Description 4 10 Utilities ping Ping is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular IP address exists and can accept requests Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer that you are trying to reach is actually operating For example if a user can not ping a host the user will be unable to send files to that host Ping operates by sending a 88 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual packet to a designated address and waiting for a response The basic operation of ping can be performed by following these st
51. 2 Wireless Statistics 82 Network Traffic Analysis 83 4 6 System Tools eee 83 4 7 Testing Radio Paths 84 Connection and Signal Strength 84 Throughput TEST a KAWAN AA wos once aes 84 Internal Radio Tests 84 RSSI P6Slsen city caer auou pee sees 85 Throughput Test 85 4 8 Remote Configuration 86 4 9 Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers 87 Connection Information 87 Statistic Registers 88 4 10 Utilities coo es eo aes a aie EP 88 DING separeer AE 88 OC ONG cen Sars ot dan oe eae ete ee aie oe oe oe 90 DID wees sca eas ESNEA TERE LAAN AGANG NA 90 FOULS AA ache nh os ere ee ec oe ee Se 90 Appendix A FIRMWARE UPGRADES 94 Web based Upgrade 94 Appendix B GLOSSARY 4 95 Appendix C POWER CONVERSION 100 Power Conversion 0000 cee eee 100 Appendix D IPERF THROUGHPUT TEST EXT 101 MAlCHAIS xa PA athe wre MAA RERE 101 WASTAIANION y awa teeta ate eae we ae oe DBA 101 Iperf ADDICAHON ii vit tare ete a AA NG NA 101 JPerf Application 2 2 duce tad eee ww eva a ew bas 103 Appendix E GNU FREE DOC LICENSE 104 6 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual CHA
52. 5 mW NOTE Fixing the TX Rate is not recommended except for advanced users The Transmit Data Rate only applies to the transmit messages the radio can receive on all data rates This is the default data rate that the access point uses when sending beacons management frames and all broadcast or multicast frames This interval is the period between beacon transmissions sent by an access point The default value is 100 milliseconds and it may be adjusted from 50 to 4095 milliseconds Configure the maximum distance the radio signal is expected to travel This allows the modem to compensate for the flight time of messages as they pass from the transmitter to the receiver and as the acknowledgment messages are returned Setting this value larger will cause a small reduction in throughput Setting this value too small will cause communications problems over longer distances Default distance is 20 km This should be used to prevent unwanted eavesdroppers from detecting the radio network system address SSID by passively listening to beacon transmissions from the access point When disabled access points will not transmit the system address openly in beacon messages This is particularly useful in unencrypted radio networks Save changes to non volatile memory Changes will not take effect until module is reset Save changes to non volatile memory and reset module 945U E 900MHZz 802 11 channel selection is performed by selecting the app
53. 69 254 109 x where x is any host ID will be forwarded to the 945U E at LAN B Devices on LAN B and LAN C that need to send messages back to LAN A will need to have their gateway addresses directed to the 945U E on their respected networks for example a LAN B device needs to send data back to LAN A The gateway address will need to be configured as 169 254 109 40 because this is the IP address of the wired side of the LAN B 945U E Any message coming in with a 192 168 0 X IP address will be directed across the wireless interface to LAN A The Routing Rules configuration page can be accessed by selecting the Routing link on any of the configuration webpages Up to 30 routing rules may be added to each 945U E The table below summarizes the configurable parameters of a routing rule Routing Rules Name Destination Netmask Gateway Enabled 1 Route to LANE 159 254 109 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 0 74 lm 2 Route to LAN C 169 254 102 0 1255 255 255 0 192 168 0 73 Figure 58 Routing Rules 58 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Name A name to describe the routing rule maximum 32 characters Destination The destination network or host IP address To specify a network address set the host address to O For ex
54. 8 0 17 192 168 2 201 Gateway IP 192 168 0 1 Gateway IP 192 168 2 51 Figure 93 Route The following is an example of a routing table for the configuration Network A Settings Client Bridge Settings IP Address 192 168 0 17 Gateway IP 192 168 2 51 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Ethernet IP 192 168 2 50 Gateway IP 192 168 0 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Wireless IP 192 168 2 50 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Access Point Router Settings Network B Settings Gateway IP 192 168 0 1 IP Address 192 168 2 201 Ethernet IP 192 168 0 191 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway IP 192 168 2 51 Wireless IP 192 168 2 051 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 In the Network A PC a routing rule is to be set This will allow Network A and B to have access to each other This is entered under the command prompt as follows Route ADD 192 168 2 0 MASK 255 255 255 0 192 168 0 191 This says access everything on Network B 192 168 2 0 with the mask of 255 255 255 0 on Network A via the Ethernet IP interface 192 168 0 191 IP address 192 168 2 0 will allow everything on this network to be shared by the router When adding a routing table you will need to enter this information Once entered the router will determine whether to pass information over the router if it is addressed to do so or not For added security MAC address filtering could be added as discussed earlier in 3 18 Filtering Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 91
55. AN bridging and Routing Modes are also available which will facilitate a number of different VLAN topologies The 945U E has a standard RJ45 Ethernet connection which will operate at up to 100 Mbit sec The module will transmit the Ethernet messages on the wireless band at rates between 1 and 54 Mbit sec amp 6 and 54 Mbit sec depending on model band encryption methods and radio paths 1 0 Network Topology The 945U E is an Ethernet device and must be configured as part of an Ethernet network Each 945U E must be configured as an e Access Point or Sta Station Client Also needs to be configured as a e Bridge or Router You can also connect to the 945U E via an RS232 or RS485 serial port using serial server or point to point PPP protocol PPP allows the 945U E to connect serial communications into the Ethernet network 192 168 0 71 192 168 0 72 Access Point 192 168 0 69 192 168 0 70 7 LF by Y P A B E Figure 1 Network Topology Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 7 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Access Point vs Client The Access Point unit acts as the wireless master unit The Access Point accepts and authorizes links initiated by client units and controls the wireless communications Clients Stations are slave units and when connected to the Access Point become transparent Ethernet links Figure 2 shows a connec
56. ELPRO Technologies ELPRO Technologies 945U E Wireless nnnnnn Cooper Bussmann Read and Beta tor 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem Future amp Device Server Reference User Manual Version 2 15 COOPER Bussmann Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual ATTENTION Incorrect termination of supply wires may cause internal damage and will void warranty To ensure your 945U E enjoys a long life double check ALL your connections with the user manual before turning the power on CAUTION To comply with FCC RF Exposure requirements in section 1 1310 of the FCC Rules antennas used with this device must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy RF exposure compliance DO NOT e Operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm of the antenna e Operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated e Operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere All equipment must be properly grounded for safe operation All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 247 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions e This device may not cause harmful interference and e This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesir
57. ELPRO and matches the IP address 192 168 0 100 When you first connect to the 945U E your Web browser will issue a warning that ELPRO is not a trusted authority Ignore this warning and proceed to the configuration webpage Internet Explorer 7 has an additional address check on security certificates Unless the 945U E has the address 192 168 0 100 when you first connect to the 945U E Internet Explorer 7 will issue a warning about mismatched security certificate address You can turn off this behavior in IE7 by selecting Tools gt Internet Options gt Advanced gt Security gt Warn about certificate address mismatch Method 2 Set 945U E Network Address to Match the Local Network For this method you will need to determine what IP address Gateway address and netmask to assign to the 945U E so that it appears on your network Ask your system administrator if you do not Know the correct settings for your network The default IP address of the 945U E modem is 192 168 0 1 and the network you wish to connect to is on 10 10 0 X the PC is on 10 10 0 5 Once you have determined the correct settings for your network you need to connect to the modem s RS 232 serial port using a straight through serial cable and a terminal package Such as HyperTerminal set to 115 200 baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity 1 2 3 Rev Version 2 15 Open HyperTerminal and monitor communications Set the SETUP RUN switch to the SETUP position and conn
58. Hz and Client or Access Point 82 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Access Point Beacon Miss Count Beacon Missed Reset Count TX Queue stopped because full Client Beacon Missed Interrupts TX Failed due to too many retries RX Failed due to bad CRC Broadcast Notes Management Frames Network Traffic Analysis Number of beacons unable to be sent 100 msec intervals due to interference or CCA After 15 consecutive beacon misses 1 5 seconds this count will increment by 1 This will indicate high interference as the access point is holding off sending beacon and utilization will increase Message buffer Ethernet Frames in radio queue If the radio cannot transmit due to high noise this will increment When the buffer is full all new messages are dropped Buffer size is 150 messages The number of beacons 100 msec the client has missed from the access point The number of frames that have been lost Original Message 7 Retries 1 TX Failed due to too many retires Each retry is sent within a few milliseconds TX Failed TX Antenna Profile Frame Packet Loss Rate number of undelivered as a percentage This can be from any access point not only your own If other Wi Fi networks are in the area this number could be high due to other encryption keys or weak signal RX Failed RX Antenna Profi
59. Information Configuration 69 33 QUICK Stall cee hecaguducene puede ds teeue 27 3 24 Configuration Examples 0 70 3 4 Network Configuration 28 Setting a 945U E to Factory Default Settings 70 3 6 Security MENU a as wide donee we owed NG 31 Extending a Wired Network 70 mer 64 a aha LY KG Connecting Two Networks Together ra ncryption Keys 1to4 De a WEP Key eee 39 Extending Network Range with a Repeater Hop 73 WEP Open Authentication Mode 32 Chapter 4 DIAGNOSTICS 74 WEP Shares Authentication Mode 32 4 0 Diagnostics Chart 74 WEP Whee si aiaa e E E E E a sees 32 4 1 Connectivity 0 0 0 74 WPA Enterprise Authenticator Connectivity Parameters 75 AP Configuration aa 33 Site Survey uuna unaenea 15 Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 4 2 Channel Survey Utilization 75 Channel Utilization on a Live System 76 Channel Utilization for Channel Selection or RF Path lESIING xa eta Kk be eee ees 76 Diagnosing Low Throughput 76 Solutions for High Channel Utilization 76 4 3 Custom Survey 005 0c e eee eee 78 4 4 Throughput Test 0000 eee eee 79 Internal Throughput Test 80 4I Ci PP 8
60. MALE Figure 13 Serial Cable DB9 Connector Pinouts Pin Name Direction Function RD Out Transmit Data Serial Data Output from DCE to DTE Receive Data Serial Data Input from DTE to DCE sa Signal Grund SSCS ing indicator RS485 Serial Port The RS485 port provides for communication between the 945U E unit and its host device using a multi drop cable Up to 32 devices may be connected in each multi drop network 16 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Because the RS485 communication medium is shared only one of the units on the RS485 cable may send data at a time Therefore communication protocols based on the RS 485 standard require some type of arbitration RS485 is a balanced differential standard but it is recommended that shielded twisted pair cable be used to interconnect modules to reduce potential RFI It is important to maintain the polarity of the two RS485 wires An RS485 network should be wired as indicated in the diagram below and terminated at each end of the network with a 120 ohm resistor On board 120 ohm resistors are provided and may be engaged by operating the single DIP switch in the end plate next to the RS485 terminals The DIP switch should be in the 1 on position to connect the resistor If the module is not at one end of the RS485 cable the switch should be off Ab NOTE Shorter
61. Main PortOnly DTIM Period AP Only 1 beacon intervals RTS Threshold 2346 bytes Fragmentation Threshold bytes Interference Mitigation E m Bursting Enable Iperf Server Fixed Noise Floor 0 dBm Set to 0 for Dynamic Adjustment Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Figure 81 Throughput Test Configuration To run an internal throughput test 1 Connect to the webpage of the module that will be performing the Iperf test 2 Select the System Tools link on the right pane of the webpage and then select TCP Throughput Test The screen shown in Figure 82 appears TCP Throughput Test The performance of a wireless link is best measured in terms of the maximum throughput that can be achieved The recommended connection For wireless links it is recommended that iperf throughput testing is performed on point to point links while the remainder of the wireless network is inactive i e not sending any data Iperf is built into the modems for convenience and allows measurement of TCP throughput with default iperf parameters For access to all ipert features it is recommended to run iperf externally on a PC or laptop Iperf Client functionality is activated below The specified IP address must be a device running iperf in Server mode if a remote modem is to be the iperf server then ensure that it is enabled on the advanced radio configuration page Each run of the onboard iperf client will perform a TCP throughput test o
62. N 7 WPA Enterprise Supplicant 1 0 Network Topology 00 cece eens 7 Client Configuration 34 Access Point vs Client 8 3 7 Normal Operation 34 Bridge vs Router 0 00 cece eee 9 Bridge Operation Transparent Network 34 1 1 Getting Started Quickly 10 Router Operation Routed Network 39 3 8 Radio Configuration 35 PPL he INE aye ieee trae rece AKA y 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration 37 2 0 General sce os ove od oe OS SRS 11 l l 2 1 Antenna Installation 11 PASO GSE WOO ages aha gat aha eas 3 10 Serial Port Configuration 39 Antenna Diversity ccc eee ees 11 RG 290 PPP Server 39 mg raed eaae E mp ka Serial Gateway Server Client Multicast 40 Serial Gateway Modbus Modbus RTU to TCP 40 Line of sight Installations 13 Antenna Gain and Loss 13 3 11 Pama EO TRUS SALANG mamasa pi Installation Tips ac ee ee ee ee ee ee FERET NG RS 232 RS485 Serial Port Configuration 40 Dipole and Collinear Antennas 14 RS232 PPP Server Only RS232 pa a ona AG R282 RSA Seral Gateway Mode 2 2 3 Serial Connections 0 000008 16 iste O HOANG TUHAN OUNCE gat R8232 Serial POs ssavescheetenwsaneas ae 16 Oe MEIC AST ele MANUEL ace a oem erent nG DBI Con
63. Netmask STP Priority 1 Management VLAN 1 0 192 168 0 100 255 255 255 0 32768 Interface Membership for Management VLAN Add Entry Delete Entry Interface Type 1 Ethernetinterface v Untagged v 2 Wireless Interface v Untagged v Figure 62 VLAN Aware A NOTE Leaving the default Management VLAN is advised as it will ensure that the module is accessible through any interface 64 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual VLAN Group Enabling VLAN on the module will require one or more configurable VLAN groups A maximum of up to 10 VLAN groups can be supported Each VLAN group will contain the following configurable parameters and associated functionality Name A textual description of the VLAN group consisting of a maximum of 32 ASCII characters This parameter is descriptive only and serves no functional purpose VLAN ID A valid 12 bit IEEE802 1Q VID with a range of 1 4095 The VLAN ID will be added to all outgoing VLAN tagged frames for this VLAN group All incoming VLAN tagged frames for the VLAN group must have this VLAN ID VLAN Priority An IEEE802 1Q compatible 3 bit Priority Code Point with a range of 0 7 where seven is the highest priority one is the lowest and zero is the default which is a mid range best effort value The VLAN priority will be added to all outgoing VLAN tagged fra
64. Network page IP Address 192 168 6 4 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 6 3 Figure 56 Gateway Address 3 17 Routing Rules When a 945U E receives an IP frame that is destined for an IP address on a different network it checks if the network address matches the network address of one of its own interfaces hard wired Ethernet wireless Ethernet or WDS and forwards the frame appropriately However if the IP network address does not match the network address of any of its interfaces the 945U E will forward the frame to its default gateway In this case it is assumed that the default gateway has a valid route to the destination In some cases it is not practical to have just one default gateway For example this is true for routed wireless networks with more than two 945U E routers and in some cases when WDS router interfaces are used If more than one next hop router is required the 945U E allows for up to 30 routing rules to be configured A routing rule specifies a destination network or host IP address and the corresponding next hop router that messages for the specified destination will be forwarded to It is assumed that the next hop router or gateway will then deliver the data to the required destination or forward it on to another router that will Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 57 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 192 168 0 72
65. OTE The normal default interface is wid If more interfaces are added by entering in virtual WDS connections either client or access point as described in 3 16 Repeaters WDS they will take the next available interface number Connection Information Register Module Description 5000 Total number of associated stations 5001 Both Current radio channel See 3 1 Selecting a Channel for channel details 5002 Number of wireless interfaces configured including virtual interfaces wi1 wi10 5010 Wireless adapter wi0 link status 5011 Wireless adapter wi0 link status inverted 5012 Wireless adapter wi0 number associated stations for this interface 5013 AP Only Wireless adapter wi0 points to the starting register of the access point s station list First interface wi0 will always start at 5200 and dynamically enter data depending on the number of STAs Remaining interfaces wi1 wi10 will be entered after wi0 data Register 5023 5033 and so on will indicate starting location for each interface STA Only Wireless adapter wi0 RSSI and BGND of RX message from the access point For example hexadecimal 5F5D 5D for RSSI and 5F for BGND Convert the value from hexadecimal to decimal and add a For example 5F 95dB 5015 STA Only Wireless adapter wi0 transmit data rate from the access point 5016 STA Only Wireless adapter wi0 MAC address of the access point 502
66. P Wired Equivalent Privacy encryption is the weakest encryption method defined by the original IEEE802 11 standard and uses a 40 bit or 104 bit key with a 24 bit initialization vector to give a 64 bit and 128 bit WEP encryption level WEP is not considered an effective security scheme and should only be used if it is necessary to inter operate with other equipment which does not support more modern encryption methods e WPA Wi Fi Protected Access is a subset of the IEEE802 11i Security Enhancements specification e WPA2 Wi Fi Protected Access 2 replaced WPA and provides significant security improvements over this method In particular it introduces CCMP a new AES based encryption mode with strong security 28 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WPA WPA2 PSK Legacy Support enables the modem to communicate to all WPA methods including TKIP AES and WPA2 AES Generally only used if the network has older devices that does not support the higher level encryption methods Enabling this option will lower the security level of the network down to the weakest configured encryption level WPA TKIP WPA Enterprise 802 1x removes the need to manage the pre shared key PSK by using an external server to provide client authentication Clients that are not authorized will be prevented from accessing the network Once a client has provided the corre
67. PTER 1 INTRODUCTION The 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem and Device Server is an industrial 802 11 compliant module that provides wireless connections between Ethernet devices and or Ethernet wired networks LANs and complies with relevant IEEE 802 11 standards 945U E 802 11 630mW max power 945U E H 802 11 1000mW max power The 945U E is a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS wireless transceiver that utilizes the unlicensed 900 MHz frequency band for communications There are various channels and bandwidths available depending on the country and their radio regulations If operating in the North America you can choose from the following 9 x 1 25 MHz 9 x 2 5 MHz 4 x 5 MHz 4 x 10 MHz or 2 x 20 MHz channels If operating in Australia you can choose from 4 x 1 25 MHz 4 x 2 5 MHz 3 x 5 MHz or 1 10 MHz channels etc For a more information see 3 1 Selecting a Channel The 945U E unit also provides two serial connections as well as the Ethernet connections It is possible to use all three data connections concurrently allowing the 945U E to act as a Device Server Wireless connections can be made between serial devices and Ethernet devices The 945U E provides connection functionality between serial Modbus RTU devices and Ethernet Modbus TCP devices Appropriate driver applications will be required in the host devices to handle other protocols The modem is VLAN compliant and capable of passing VLAN tagged frames by default VL
68. Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual IPX SPX Internetwork Packet Exchange is a networking protocol used by the Novell NetWare operating systems Like UDP IP IPX is a datagram protocol used for connectionless communications Higher level protocols such as Sequenced Packet Exchange SPX and NCP are used for additional error recovery services SPX is a transport layer protocol layer 4 of the OSI Model used in Novell Netware networks The SPX layer sits on top of the IPX layer layer 3 and provides connection oriented services between two nodes on the network SPX is used primarily by client server applications ISDN A type of broadband Internet connection that provides digital service from the customer s premises to the dial up telephone network ISDN uses standard POTS copper wiring to deliver voice data or video A network model developed by the International Standards Organization ISO that consists of seven different levels or layers By standardizing these layers and the interfaces in between different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems requirements are altered The seven layers are Physical Data Link Network Transport Session Presentation and Application LAN Local Area Network LAN is a system of connecting PCs and other devices within the same physical proximity for sharing resources such as an Internet
69. Station Uplink 7 WPA2 PSK AES Figure 54 Site B Configuration e The first entry configures a virtual WDS client connection from Site B to the access point at Site A The SSID is the same as Site A and the router IP address is 192 168 0 3 which is on the same subnet Encryption is not inherited from the main page Therefore if the encryption method key are left blank the WDS link will be open This example shows the encryption method and keys as being different but they can be the same or take on the same method and key as the main wireless interface e The second entry configures another virtual WDS client connection but this time to the access point of Site C Again the SSID is the same as the access point and the router IP is on the same subnet as the access point In addition to adding these WDS connections Sites C and D will need a default gateway address configured so that the modules can determine where to send traffic destined for the other networks In addition because Site A does not know how to get to networks 192 168 5 0 and 192 168 6 0 it requires rules to confirm the routing paths A default gateway and one routing rule could be configured but it is easier to configure two routing rules as shown in the example in Figure 55 56 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Routing Rules
70. Time 2 Click the System Tools menu item 3 Click Factory Default Configuration Reset and wait for the unit to reset While the module executes the reset sequence the OK LED will flash The OK LED will turn green when the reset sequence is complete Extending a Wired Network Client 1 Aj Bridge LAN HUB Ka 192 168 0 0 Ip AU Netmask m y 255 255 255 0 Access Point Bridge Client 2 Bridge Ethernet Devices Figure 69 Example Configuration 1 Access Point Configuration 1 Connect a straight through Ethernet cable between the PC and the 945U E Ensure that the configuration of the PC and the 945U E are setup to communicate on the same network Set DIP switch to SETUP mode 2 3 4 Power up the unit and wait for the OK LED to stop flashing 5 Adjust the PC network settings 6 Set Configuration PC network card with the network setting of IP address 192 168 0 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 rf Open configuration webpage with Internet Explorer at address 192 168 0 1XX where XX is the last two digits of the module s serial number Oa When prompted for password enter default username user and password user 9 Click Network and select Operating Mode as Access Point 70 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 10 Select Device Mode as Bridge 11 Change the Gateway IP Add
71. U E A copy of the license is included in Appendix E GNU FREE DOC LICENSE Important Notice ELPRO products are designed to be used in industrial environments by experienced industrial engineering personnel with adequate knowledge of safety design considerations ELPRO radio products are used on unprotected license free radio bands with radio noise and interference The products are designed to operate in the presence of noise and interference However in an extreme cases radio noise and interference could cause product operation delays or operation failure As with all industrial electronic products ELPRO products can fail in a variety of modes due to misuse age or malfunction We recommend that users and designers design systems using design techniques intended to prevent personal injury or damage during product operation and provide failure tolerant systems to prevent personal injury or damage in the event of product failure Designers must warn users of the equipment or systems if adequate protection against failure has not been included in the system design Designers must include this Important Notice in operating procedures and system manuals These products should not be used in non industrial applications or life support systems without first consulting ELPRO 1 A radio license is not required in some countries provided the module is installed using the aerial and equipment configuration described in the 945U E Installation
72. ULE Figure 16 DIO Input The I O channel may also be used as a discrete output The digital outputs are transistor switched DC signals FET output to common rated at 30 Vdc 500 mA A NOTE The output circuit is connected to the DIO terminal The digital output circuit includes a LED indicator which is red when the digital output is active Max 30VDC 0 5A Figure 17 DIO Output 18 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual CHAPTER 3 OPERATION 3 0 Startup Access Point Startup When an access point AP unit starts up it will immediately begin transmitting periodic messages beacons on the configured channel Beacons include information that a client may examine in order to identify if the access point is suitable for link establishment Clients will only attempt to establish a link with an access point whose beacon indicates a matching SSID Access points do not initiate link establishment Client Startup When a client powers up it scans for beacons from access points While a link is not established the client cyclically scans all available channels for a suitable access point The client will attempt to establish a link with an access point only if it has matching SSID encryption method and other compatible capabilities as indicated by the beacon If more than one suitable access point is discovered the client will a
73. VLAN Interface Type 1 Ememetimertaoe wooed we VLAN Group 3 Delete VLAN Group 3 Name VLAN ID VLAN Management IP a palan Bridge Priority Priority Figure 66 Example 2 Configuration The other VLAN groups each have an Ethernet and a wireless interface configured All Ethernet interfaces are tagged because they are all connected to a VLAN network Each wireless interface is configured as untagged to allow connection from untagged devices VLAN Group 2 is using the standard wireless interface which is configured from the main network page while the other two are each using one of the WDS repeater virtual interfaces VLAN Group 2 is bridging the default wireless interface with the VLAN ID 10 virtual Ethernet interface Configuration of the wireless bridge operating mode SSID and radio encryption methods keys is performed from the main Network page as shown in Figure 67 68 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Wireless Interface Operating Mode Access Point system Address ESSID Staff Desired BSSID 00 00 00 00 00 00 Radio Encryption WPA2 PSK AES Configure Encryption Settings on Security Page Device Mode Device Mode VLAN Bridge Figure 67 VLAN Encryption VLAN groups 3 and 4 are similarly bridging their wireless interfaces but they are using virtual modules that are configured on the Repeaters page WDS
74. VLAN Pass through is disabled and VLAN Aware mode is enabled VLAN Aware Routing Mode Same as VLAN Aware Bridging Mode above except that the VLANs are routed not bridged When a packet is routed from one VLAN to another on a different interface The interfaces can be tagged or untagged and are generally on different subnets Enabling VLANs will allow the module to facilitate a number of possible VLAN topologies such as e Segregating a wireless network into multiple virtual networks e Functioning as the wireless backbone on a VLAN trunk e Enabling a wireless network or part of the wireless network to form a VLAN trunk e Defining multiple virtual networks each with a different priority to define traffic class based forwarding behavior over the radio channel Each module can be set up to accept different networks by configuring VLAN groups and having the interfaces such as Ethernet wireless or WDS repeater configured to accept or reject tagged or untagged communications frames Operation VLAN Pass through is enabled by default in the modem No VLAN configuration is needed and modem will pass any VLAN tagged frames To initiate VLAN bridge or router operation VLAN Aware mode must be enabled on the VLAN page Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 63 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual VLAN Configuration VLAN Mode VLAN Passthrough In VLAN Passthrou
75. Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual For example if the interfering noise levels are around 80 dB you can raise the noise floor to 70 dB to block out any signals below making sure that the RSSI levels of any connected modules are not below this noise floor as they will not communicate The Connectivity page can be used to determine if other systems are in the area and their RSSI levels After configuring the fixed noise floor confirm that the channel utilization has dropped to a desirable level and where possible perform an Iperf throughput test to confirm acceptable performance 3 10 Serial Port Configuration The 945U E has an RS 232 and an RS 485 port for serial communications These ports may be used for different purposes The 945U E offers three serial functions PPP server serial gateway and Modbus TCP to RTU gateway RS 232 PPP Server The 945U E can be used as a PPP Point to Point Protocol server to connect the wireless system to serial devices via the RS232 or RS485 serial ports PPP server enables a network connection to the 945U E over a serial cable This is much like dial up Internet The maximum serial data rate is 115 200 bps Hardware or software flow control may be selected With minimal configuration on the PC you may use dial up networking in Windows XP to connect to the network via the serial port For the 945U E users must configure the local IP address for
76. acon is heard from the access point the client will update its Connectivity webpage with the received signal strength of beacon messages from the access point If the signal is strong enough a link may be established and the Connectivity webpage of the access point may be opened If the link is weak the LINK LED will turn off and the remote Connectivity webpage of the access point will fail to load Using this procedure the signal strengths of units at both locations may be analyzed and traffic is sent between the units while remote webpages are opened Throughput Test A more thorough test of radio paths is a throughput test which will check the amount of data that can be reliably achieved via the wireless link There are a number of software tools that you can use to check the data throughput for example FTP file transfer protocol Iperf or Qcheck The preferred application is Iperf which has been configured in each modem and can be enabled to perform this test It can also be run externally using laptops at either end of the radio link The lperf Jperf application can be downloaded from http sourceforge net projects iperf All of the above applications measure the raw data throughput From this you can determine the amount of interference from the measured and calculated data throughput levels The way Iperf works is that a server is enabled at one end of the link and a client at the other The Iperf client will then pass data ov
77. ai on rere 4 eric Fae fa Pana Pasko As Para ber dan ia COA o hai lma eee fe ee 123 EE m SH SEAL IST ada Pa Narag dha EEEE TF Panaad Bao Ti Pai Palo Ha Degre Haay fart TA Ar aaa E Mos leer for Cbn paaa Am a ee a Paa a a eee maan M Figure 78 Custom Survey 1 78 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Example 2 In Figure 79 notice that chart one shows the amount of data being received from Wi Fi devices and chart two shows the amount of other noise that is being received From this you can see that in the last 60 second period there was a 20 second interval with around 60 80 channel utilization in this case from another 900 MHz device imo sa Aas dc 3n Chai 1 Poro Bada Fa sama Kada Pa Beer Hars coer CLA rr ede mr hele al koe Ka ifii kara a a So pn paa wi CB Baan Pade Ta Faremu Paga Fu BAG ba AA AA O Paga Pag aga a TA ba pama ik a Pg Tar lapad for Cham 3 Figure 79 Custom Survey 2 With this type of outside interference it is recommended to perform the same test over a longer period in order to get a clearer indication of channel utilization Chart 3 Percent Hury Are Sate Pana Hai Ka pag HI nak Figure 80 Channel Utilization 4 4 Throughput Test The performance of a wireless link is best measured in terms of the maximum throughput that can be achieved The
78. ample an IP address 192 168 0 0 with netmask 255 255 255 0 would specify a destination network while 192 168 0 16 specifies a destination host Subnet Mask The subnet mask for the destination network Gateway The IP address of the next hop router for the specified destination Enabled Select this checkbox to enable the rule You can clear the checkbox to disable a routing rule without needing to re enter the information at a later time A NOTE Entering dedicated Ethernet Routes can also be added to the wired Ethernet LAN in place of generating or adding routing rules into the modems 3 18 Filtering When configured as a bridge the 945U E will transmit all broadcast messages appearing at its wired Ethernet port When the 945U E is configured as a router this does not occur In many cases the intended recipient of the broadcast traffic does not lie at the opposite end of a proposed radio link Reducing unnecessary broadcast traffic sent over the radio link will increase available bandwidth for data The 945U E has a filtering feature to help reduce unnecessary wireless transmissions and enhance security The 945U E may be configured to reject or accept messages to and from certain addresses To accept wireless messages from particular devices a whitelist of addresses must be made Alternatively to reject messages from particular devices a blacklist of addresses must be made Filtering applies only to messages appearing at the wire
79. ample of the overall throughput Iperf throughput for 10 second interval Average throughput 10 90 Mbits sec Figure 84 Iperf Throughput The expected throughput will depend on a number of things including the distance setting selected channel width and whether you are using the internal Iperf utility or running Iperf externally on a laptop or PC at both ends of the link The following table shows the estimated throughput results based on real world communications These estimates are not necessarily the maximum that are achievable in the modems but are used more as a guideline to determine the performance of the radio link The Iperf throughput result provides an excellent measure of the performance of a radio link In general if the results you get are much worse than the best case values listed below it is a certain indication that the radio link has either poor RSSI or high noise or interference or both For RSSI or Received Signal Strength Indication see 4 1 Connectivity For information on checking interference or noise see 4 2 Channel Survey Utilization Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 81 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Setting Location Channels Channels Channels Channels Channels 3000 m 3000m 4 5 Statistics The Statistics webpage is used for advanced debugging of 945U E This webpage details the state of the 945U E and per
80. annel Utilization When substantial interference has been identified using Channel Survey or Custom Survey the simplest solution is to change to another channel that is seen to have lower channel utilization If a better channel is not available configuring a fixed noise floor can often greatly improve performance Configuring a fixed noise floor can be performed on the Advance Radio Configuration page The fixed noise floor should be at least 8 dB greater than the weakest RSSI of any connected modem otherwise communications could be lost After configuring the fixed noise floor confirm that the channel utilization has dropped to a desirable level and where possible perform a throughput test to confirm acceptable performance The Channel Survey screen displays a graph showing the percentage of time that a channel is being utilized by any of the following causes e The connected modem is transmitting e The connected modem is receiving valid data from another modem e The connected modem has detected RF noise or interference Channel Survey shows the channel utilization and noise floor graph with 1 second 1 minute and 1 hour periods Figure 74 shows a percent of the overall radio traffic on the channel that is currently being used 76 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Bar Graph of Percent Channel Utilization with 1 Second Intervals a
81. ansaction is to be routed to the onboard Modbus TCP server or to a Modbus RTU device connected to the serial port Care should be taken to ensure that all serially connected Modbus devices use a different Modbus device ID Modbus slave address than the onboard Modbus TCP server Up to 32 separate connections to the Modbus TCP server are supported Modbus TCP Configuration Enable Modbus TCP Server Slave Modbus Server Device Id 1 Enable Modbus TCP Client Master Modbus Client Scan Rate msec 1000 Reset Registers on Comms Fail E Comms Fail Timeout sec 60 Enable Modbus Statistics Log Background Noise Figure 40 Modbus TCP Modbus RTU serial master functionality is achieved by combining the Modbus TCP client master and Modbus TCP to RTU gateway Simply specify a Modbus TCP client master connection to a Modbus TCP server where the server is the address of any 945U E with Modbus TCP to RTU gateway enabled Care should be taken to ensure that the device ID Modbus address of the serial device is different to the device ID of the onboard Modbus TCP server of the 945U E to which the serial device is connected The 945U E provides a configurable option to automatically reset the value of the onboard I O registers to zero in the event of a communications failure If a valid Modbus transaction directed to and from a given register has not been completed for longer than a configurable timeout the value of that register will be reset to
82. as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain c
83. ation pr Virtual Station SSID SSDC NA o SsIDz SsIDC Site A MPS Brigg Site D Virtual AP Site C O Virtual Station Figure 50 WDS Redundancy Sites A B C and D can all exchange data with each other as can all of their stations as if they were all on the same wired segment Notice that there are redundant paths and therefore the possibility for loops to occur The bridge Spanning Tree Protocol should therefore be enabled and depending on the size of the mesh a bridge priority should possibly be configured Bridge priority is used to determine the connection priority when selecting an interface to put into the forwarding state You can assign higher priority values to interfaces that you want spanning tree to select first and lower priority values to interfaces that you want spanning tree to select last If all interfaces have the same priority value the MAC address is used to work out the priority To illustrate the redundancy consider that if Site A needs to send data to Site D it has redundant paths through both B and C However due to the Spanning Tree Protocol only one of B or C will relay the data with the other taking over in the event of a failure In this example Site B uses its primary access point to act as an access point for virtual stations on Site A and D and uses a virtual station to act as a client to Site C Sites A amp D use two virtual stations to act as clients to Site B and to Site C The con
84. ave more time slots available to send data followed by the Guest network and then Staff The default value is zero which will configure the group to have a mid range best effort value 3 23 Module Information Configuration Module Information Webpage Fields This configuration page is primarily for information purposes With the exception of the password the information entered here is displayed on the Home configuration webpage of the 945U E Username The username used to access the configuration on the 945U E Take care to remember this username if you change it as it will be needed to access the 945U E in future Password The password used to access the configuration on the 945U E Take care to remember this password if you change it as it will be needed to access the module in future Device Name A label for the particular 945U E This is also the DNS name hostname of the device if you are using DNS Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 69 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Owner Owner name Contact Owner contact information such as phone number and email address Description Description of the purpose of the unit Location Location description for the 945U E 3 24 Configuration Examples Setting a 945U E to Factory Default Settings 1 Access configuration webpages on the 945U E For details see 3 2 Configuring the Unit for the First
85. bytes 32 bytes 32 hytes 32 bytes 32 bytes 32 hbytes 32 bytes 32 bytes 32 bytes 32 hbytes 32 hytes 32 bytes 32 bytes 32 ing statistics for 192 168 08 118 Packets Sent 13 Received pproximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum 2ms Maximum B9ms Average 21ms ia bi time 89nms TIL 64 time 3ms TTL 64 time ms TIL 64 time 3jms TIL 64 time 6ms ITL 64 time 86ms ITL 64 time 2ms TIL 64 time 2ms TIL 64 time 43ms ITTL 64 time 3ms TIL 64 time 36ms TIL 64 time 4ms ITL 64 time 3ms TIL 64 13 Lost loss Rev Version 2 15 Figure 90 Ping t This t command is used to repeatedly ping the specified node in the network To cancel use CTRL C A good test for the network once it is first set up is to use Ping repeatedly from one PC s IP address to the other PC s IP address This gives a good indication of the network s reliability and how responsive it is from point to point When you enter CTRL C the program reports a packet sent received lost percentage www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 89 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual ipconfig The ipconfig command can be used to show your current TCP IP information including your address DNS server addresses adapter type and so on es Command Prompt Microsoft Windows XP Version 5 1 2600 KC Copyright 1985 2701 Microsoft Corp i ipconfig i
86. ckbox to enable the onboard Modbus TCP client I O to be transferred Client Master via the Modbus TCP client is specified with Modbus TCP client mappings Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 47 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Modbus Client Scan Enter the delay in milliseconds between execution of consecutive Modbus TCP Rate client mappings to the same server Reset Registers on When enabled the value in any onboard I O register will be reset to zero if a valid Comms Fail Modbus transaction directed to from the given register has not been completed for longer than the Comms Fail Timeout Comms Fail Timeout The period of time after which onboard I O registers will be reset if a valid Modbus transaction directed at that register has not completed Enable Modbus Enables the Modbus Diagnostic registers as shown in 4 9 Internal Diagnostic Statistics Modbus Registers Disabling this option will free up the registers and also slightly increase processing resources Log background RSSI amp BGND on RX messages are made available in the diagnostic registers see Noise 4 9 Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers for details For a hexadecimal value of 5F5D the 5D byte RSSI and the 5F byte BGND Convert the value from hexadecimal to decimal and add a for example 5F 95dB Disabling this option removes the background noise byte from these registers a
87. com wirelessresources 61 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Delete Entry Deletes the currently selected ARP address filter rule Enable Select this checkbox to enable the rule IP Address This sets the IP address that you wish to filter IP Netmask Sets the IP Netmask Save Changes Saves changes to non volatile memory reset is required to activate Save Changes and Saves to non volatile memory and restart to activate changes Reset 3 19 DHCP Client Configuration DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol allows DHCP clients to automatically obtain their IP address at startup This simplifies network administration because there is no need to manually configure each device with a separate IP address The 945U E is able to act as a DHCP client To set the 945U E to acquire its IP address from a DHCP server select the checkbox Obtain IP Address Automatically on the Network Configuration page When configured as a DHCP client the Device Name on the Module Information page will be the module identifier as the IP address will be unknown and so should be given a unique name 3 20 DHCP Server Configuration The 945U E is able to act as a DHCP server supplying IP addresses automatically to other DHCP client devices Note that the 945U E units need to act in conjunction with their connected devices If a connected device is a DHCP server the local and remote 945U E units can be configur
88. connections printers files and drives Receive Sensitivity The minimum signal strength required to pick up a signal Higher bandwidth connections usually have less receive sensitivity than lower bandwidth connections A device that forwards data from one WLAN or wired local area network to another SNR Signal to noise ratio SNR is the number of decibels difference between the signal strength and background noise The power at which the wireless devices transmits usually expressed in mW or dBm MAC Address Media Access Control MAC address is a unique code assigned to most forms of networking hardware The address is permanently assigned to the hardware so limiting a wireless network s access to hardware such as wireless cards is a security feature employed by closed wireless networks But an experienced hacker armed with the proper tools can still figure out an authorized MAC address masquerade as a legitimate address and access a closed network Every wireless 802 11 device has its own specific MAC address hard coded into it This unique identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks When a network uses a MAC table only the 802 11 radios that have had their MAC addresses added to that network s MAC table will be able to get onto the network Network address translation NAT is a network capability that enables a number of computers to dynamically share a single incoming IP address from a dial up cable or xDSL c
89. correct between units in the same system or a dissimilar encryption scheme is configured the Link LED turns on but data cannot be passed over the wireless network How a Link Connection Is Lost The access point refreshes the link status with a client every time a message is received from that client If nothing is received from a client for a period of 120 seconds the access point sends a link check message If there is no response to the link check a de authenticate message is sent and the link is dropped A client monitors beacon messages from an access point to determine whether the link is still present If the client can no longer receive beacons from the access point it assumes the access point is out of range and the link is dropped Whenever a Client is not connected to an access point it will cyclically scan all available channels for a suitable access point Roaming Clients Clients can roam within a system but if the link to the access point fails or the radio signal level becomes too weak it will scan for beacons and connect to an access point provided the SSID and any encryption methods keys are compatible If there are multiple access points it selects the connection with the best signal level This functionality permits a client to have mobility while maintaining a link with the most suitable access point Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 19 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp
90. ct authentication credentials access is permitted and data encryption keys are established similar to WPA PSK Fine grain user level access control can be achieved using this method An 802 1x capable RADIUS server may already be deployed in a large scale network environment The 945U E can make use of this server reducing replication of user authentication information In a typical WPA enterprise setup the 945U E access point acts as Authenticator controlling access to the network Wireless clients 945U Es laptops or other devices act as Supplicants requesting access to the network The Authenticator communicates with an authentication RADIUS server on the Ethernet network to verify Supplicant identity When a Supplicant requests access it sends an access request to the Authenticator which passes an authentication request to the external authentication server When the user credentials of the Supplicant are verified the Authenticator enables network access for the Supplicant data encryption keys are established and network traffic can pass Configuration of WPA enterprise differs when the unit is configured as an access point Authenticator or client Supplicant If WDS interfaces are used it is possible for one 945U E to act as both an Authenticator and a Supplicant but in this situation only one set of user credentials can be entered for all Supplicants The 945U E supports WPA 1 TKIP WPA 1 AES and WPA 2 AES using a pre shared ke
91. cy electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in Docket 93 62 and OET Bulletin 65 Edition 97 01 UL Notice 1 The Wireless Ethernet module is to be installed by trained personnel licensed electricians only and installation must be carried out in accordance with the instructions listed in the Installation Guide and applicable local regulatory codes 2 The units are intended for Restricted Access Locations 3 The Wireless Ethernet module is intended to be installed in a final enclosure rated IP54 before use outdoors 4 The Equipment shall be powered using an external Listed Power Supply with LPS outputs or a Class 2 Power Supply 5 The Wireless Ethernet module must be properly grounded for surge protection before use 6 If installed in a hazardous environment coaxial cable shall be installed in a metallic conduit GNU Free Documentation License Copyright C 2009 ELPRO Technologies ELPRO Technologies is using a part of Free Software code under the GNU General Public License in operating the 945U E product This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s code and to any other program whose authors commit by using it The Free Software is copyrighted by Free Software Foundation Inc and the program is licensed As is without warranty of any kind Users are free to contact ELPRO Technologies for instructions on how to obtain the source code used in the 945
92. d Serial gateway connection status RS232 inverted Serial gateway connection status RS485 inverted TCP RTU connection status RS232 inverted TCP RTU connection status RS485 inverted Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 45 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 4376 TCP RTU Modbus server connection status inverted 4377 Multicast pipe connection status inverted 4378 4999 Reserved for future use Modbus TCP client master enables the 945U E to connect to one or more Modbus TCP servers slaves All Modbus master messages are directed to from the onboard I O registers depending on configuration described below The Modbus TCP client may also poll Modbus RTU serial devices connected to either the local serial port or a remote 945U E serial port by enabling the Modbus TCP to RTU gateway at the corresponding serial port See 3 10 Serial Port Configuration Modbus TCP client functionality allows a maximum of 100 mappings to be configured and a maximum of 25 different Modbus TCP servers Modbus TCP server slave enables the 945U E to accept connections from one or more Modbus TCP clients masters All Modbus transactions routed to the onboard Modbus TCP server are directed to and from the onboard general purpose I O registers The Modbus TCP server is shared with the Modbus TCP to RTU gateway so that the Modbus device ID is used to determine if a Modbus tr
93. d Ethernet port of the configured 945U E The filter comprises of three lists MAC addresses IP address protocol port and ARP filters Each list may be set as either a blacklist to block traffic for listed devices and protocols or as a whitelist to allow traffic for listed devices and protocols Filtering Configuration MAC Filtering can be used to enhance security and reduce wireless traffic based on ethernet MAC addresses Go to MAC Filter configuration IP Filtering can be used to reduce wireless traffic based on IP addresses Go to IP Filter configuration ARP Filtering is useful for reducing broadcast traffic on the wireless network Go to ARP Filter configuration Figure 59 Filtering The filter operates on the following rules e The MAC address filter is always checked before the IP address filter e f a message matches a MAC filter entry it will not be subsequently processed by the IP filter If the MAC filter list is a whitelist the message will be accepted If the MAC filter list is a blacklist the message will be dropped e The MAC address list checks the source address of the message only Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 59 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual e The IP address filter checks both the source address and the destination address of the message If either address match then the rule is activated e ARP filtering applie
94. d to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you l
95. ddress Filter Configuration MAC addresses are uniquely assigned to each device and therefore can be used to permit or deny network access to specific devices through the use of blacklists and whitelists In theory MAC filtering allows a administrators to permit or deny network access to hosts associated with the MAC address though in practice there are methods to circumvent this form of access control through address modification The MAC filter entry will match only the source MAC address in the packet A NOTE It is important to add the MAC address of the configuration PC when creating a whitelist If the configuration PC is not on the whitelist it will be unable to communicate with the module for further configuration Select Blacklist or Blacklist will prevent all listed devices from accessing the module and using the radio Whitelist link Whitelist will allow devices with the MAC addresses listed to communicate with the module and utilize the radio link All other devices are blocked Add Entry Add a row to the table of Mac address filter rules Delete Entry Delete the currently selected MAC address filter rule Enable Select checkbox to enable the rule Mac Address Enter the desired source MAC address 60 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Save Changes Saves changes to non volatile memory reset is required to activate
96. dule This should be set to the appropriate subnet mask for your system typically 255 255 255 0 In Router mode each interface will have its own netmask Default Gateway This is the address that the device will use to forward messages to remote hosts that are not connected to any of the local bridged networks Ethernet or Wireless This is only required if the wired LAN has a gateway unit that connects to devices beyond the LAN for example Internet access If there is no gateway on the LAN set this to the same address as the access point the Ethernet IP Address below Refer to 3 17 Routing Rules for more information Save Changes Save changes to non volatile memory The module will need to be restarted before the changes take effect Save Changes and Save settings to non volatile memory and reboot the 945U E Once the module has Reset completed the reboot sequence all changes are in effect 3 5 Spanning Tree Algorithm The bridge Spanning Tree Protocol STP function was introduced to handle network loops and provide redundant paths in networks To enable this function select the STP checkbox on any WDS connections that you have configured on the Repeaters configuration page For example consider the following network Figure 25 with a redundant wireless link If the bridge STP is enabled one of the two wireless links will be disabled and all wireless data will be transferred by one link only If the active link fails the o
97. e Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 12 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES
98. e on the current channel observe the Percent Busy and Percent Rx on the Custom Survey page If possible also temporarily disable all data transfer on the system If the channel utilization remains high this will confirm the presence of interference Channel Utilization for Channel Selection or RF Path Testing When used on an inactive system channel utilization will indicate how quiet the current channel is and therefore indicate how much interference is present To select the quietest channel configure the radio as an access point with no data transfer and on each channel of interest record the channel utilization over a period of time The channel with the lowest channel utilization will be the quietest channel and therefore likely to provide the best performance This procedure in addition to the throughput test is recommended for complete radio path testing Diagnosing Low Throughput When Iperf throughput testing has given poor results channel utilization can be used to confirm whether or not the poor results were due to interference If the channel utilization excluding the time period while Iperf was running is seen to be high then this will confirm that the poor throughput was due to other RF interference Alternatively if the channel utilization is seen to be low indicating little interference the poor throughput is more likely be attributed to poor RSSI which could be confirmed on the Connectivity page Solutions for High Ch
99. e overheads associated with wireless transmissions Enable Iperf Server Enable Iperf Server function in the modem Iperf is used for performing radio surveys or radio path testing See 4 4 Throughput Test Fixed Noise Floor Allows the radio receiver noise floor and therefore sensitivity to be moved above any interference This essentially stops the radio from communicating with devices that have lower signal strength For use in areas where there is a greater amount of interference Fixed Noise Floor 9OO0MHz FHSS band can have many sources of interference This interference can sometimes be a problem due to the way 802 11 devices communicate Standard 802 11 communications uses a system called clear channel assessment which means the radio will listen before transmission and if the channel is busy it will hold off regardless of the level of signal If the background interference is high due to other radio systems or noise you can raise the fixed noise floor to compensate The Channel Utilization page can be used to identify excess noise or interference Raising the noise floor will block out any receive signal levels below the value configured under Fixed Noise Floor on the Advanced Radio Configuration page The value must be entered as a negative dBm number and should be at least 8 dB greater than the weakest RSSI of any connected modems otherwise communications may be lost 38 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev
100. ect power to the modem Observe HyperTerminal and when you see the ELPRO Dragon screen see Figure 22 press Enter to get the prompt Type the following ifconfig command to show the configuration of the Ethernet port From this you will be able to see the IP address www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 25 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Figure 22 Dragon ethO Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 12 AF FF FF FF inet addr 192 168 0 1 Bcast 192 168 0 255 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 8 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 256 Temporarily change the IP address to an one that will enable connection to your local network For example type ifconfig ethO 10 10 0 6 netmask 255 255 255 0 Only add the netmask if the netmask is anything other than the standard 255 255 255 0 IP address should now be changed Verify that the IP address is changed by typing ifconfig again Note that these changes are only temporary and if the module is reset they will go back to the normal default 192 168 0 XXX Open Internet Explorer and ensure that settings will allow you to connect to the IP address selected If the PC uses a proxy server ensure that Internet Explorer will bypass the proxy server for local addresses This option may be modified by opening
101. ed RSSI is between Strong amp Weak thresholds gt Green Throughput above high threshold Red Throughput between High amp Low thresholds B gt _RS 485 3 Off No data being transferred bo a Red Test data being transferred Figure 87 Throughput Test LEDs e The OK LED will flash between red and green which indicates the module is in a diagnostic Radio Test mode e RS 232 LED is showing a green indication which means the RSSI to the access point is greater than 40dB If the RS232 LED were red it would indicate the RSSI level was greater than 60dB e RS 485 LED is showing a green indication which means the throughput to the access point is greater than 10 Mbps If the LED showed a red indication this would mean the throughput is between 10 Mbps and 4 Mbps A NOTE Advanced configuration settings such as Serial or I O Transfer should be disabled and if using the throughput test the Iperf Server option on the Advanced Radio Settings page for the access point must be enabled 4 8 Remote Configuration Because a module configuration is viewed and changed in a Web format which uses TCP IP protocol you can view or change the configuration of a remote module via the wireless link provided the remote module already has a wireless link established to the local 945U E To perform a remote configuration connect a PC to the local module run Internet Explorer and enter the IP address of the remote unit or device name if usin
102. ed as DHCP clients and receive IP addresses from the server device Similarly if a 945U E is configured as a DHCP server it can provide IP addresses to DHCP clients both 945U E units as well as other connected devices Configuration items for the DHCP server are listed below Enabled Select this checkbox to enable the DHCP server IP Range Minimum The DHCP server will assign IP addresses to DHCP clients from within this range of Maximum addresses Gateway These settings are common to all of the DHCP clients and refer to the gateway address Primary DNS and Domain Name Service DNS configuration Secondary DNS Lease Time This is the number of seconds the client is granted the assigned IP address The client should renew its lease within this time 3 21 DNS Server Configuration DNS Domain Name Service allows devices to be given human readable names in additions to their IP address This makes identification of devices hosts simpler and makes it possible to identify devices that have been automatically assigned their IP address by a DHCP server see 3 20 DHCP Server Configuration DNS is the system that translates Internet names Such as www cooperbussmann com bussmannwireless to IP addresses The ELPRO 945U E can act as a DNS server for a local network Name to IP address mapping is automatically updated by the built in DHCP server when it issues an IP address to a client unit For the DNS server configuration to be effect
103. ed operation This device must be operated as supplied by ELPRO Technologies Any changes or modifications made to the device without the written consent of ELPRO Technologies may void the user s authority to operate the device End user products that have this device embedded must be installed by experienced radio and antenna personnel or supplied with non standard antenna connectors and antennas available from vendors specified by ELPRO Please contact ELPRO for end user antenna and connector recommendations In accordance with 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C Section 15 203 only the following antenna coax cable kits combinations can be used Manufacturer e Part 15 This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules Code of Federal Regulations 47CFR Part 15 Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not cause harmful interference e Notice Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by ELPRO could void the user s authority to operate this equipment This Device should only be connected to PCs that are covered by either FCC DoC or are FCC certified 2 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Safety Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequen
104. ed with a different VLAN ID VID Using a VLAN you can group users by logical connections instead of physical location This can increase security and help improve the efficiency of traffic flow by limiting multicast and broadcast messages Traffic between VLANs is blocked unless the VLAN is identified with the correct VLAN ID There are three main VLAN modes that the 945U E supports e VLAN Pass through Mode A transparent bridge in which frames are forwarded unmodified This is the default mode of the modem in which all frames pass transparently through the bridge regardless of whether they are VLAN tagged or untagged This is the most common VLAN mode and requires no VLAN configuration at all In VLAN Pass through mode access to the internal management functions is via untagged frames only using the IP address and subnet mask configured on the Network page VLAN Aware Bridging Mode A VLAN bridge that allows only explicitly configured VLANs that correspond to the configured VLAN groups to pass data VLAN Bridging mode is used when the tagging method is changed in a bridged network for example if a frame traverses from a VLAN group to an interface that is not configured in a VLAN When a VLAN packet is passed to an untagged VLAN interface the tag is removed so that the packet can properly enter the network Similarly if an untagged VLAN packet is passed to a VLAN group a VLAN tag is added When one or more VLAN groups have been configured
105. egal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow Terms and Conditions This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification
106. eps in any Windows operating system 1 Click the Start Menu and choose Run 2 Type cmd and press Enter You should see the Command Prompt screen appear There will be a certain directory specified unique to your own PC with a flashing cursor at the end 3 At the cursor type the word ping followed by a space and the default IP address for the 945U E at first startup This command would be written as ping 192 168 0 118 Press Enter to send the ping command The PC will reply with an acknowledgment of the command and if the 945U E is correctly configured the reply will look similar to Figure 89 ce Command Prompt icrosoft Windows KP Version 5 1 2600 CC Copyright 1985 2681 Microsoft Corp oping 192 168 6 118 inging 192 168 608 118 with 32 bytes of data eply from 192 168 6 118 bytes 32 time 3ms TTL 64 Reply from 192 168 6 118 bytes 32 time 24ms TTL 64 eply from 192 168 8 118 bytes 32 time 3ms TIL 64 eply from 192 168 6 118 bytes 32 time 4ms ITL 64 ing statistics for 192 168 868 118 Packets Sent 4 Received 4 Lost 6 Ex loss pproximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum 3ms Maximum 24ms Average Bme NO Figure 89 Ping Figure 90 shows the response of the ping t 192 168 0 118 command Command Prompt s oping t 192 168 0 118 inging 192 168 0 118 with 32 bytes of data From From from From From From From From from from ly From from from
107. er connections that correspond to configured entries on the Repeaters page Type Specifies whether the interface is to support VLAN tagged or untagged frames When untagged is specified all incoming frames on the interface must be untagged and all outgoing frames will be sent untagged When tagged is specified all incoming frames must have a VLAN tag with VLAN ID matching the configured VLAN ID for the VLAN group and all outgoing frames on this interface will have a VLAN tag added with the configured VLAN ID and priority for that VLAN group Examples Example 1 Basic VLAN A common use for VLAN functionality in a module is to tag data from a VLAN unaware device and send this to a VLAN trunk A simple example of this involves bridging between Ethernet and wireless ports for just one VLAN In the example illustrated below the Ethernet interface is tagged and the wireless interface is untagged Any data Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 65 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual arriving at the Ethernet port is expected to have VLAN tagged data with VLAN ID 10 and any data sent from the Ethernet port will have the VLAN tag added This example allows wireless data from VLAN unaware devices to be bridged with the Ethernet interface and have VLAN tags added the Ethernet connection is now part of a VLAN trunk that will send receive data to from other VLAN aware devices Exam
108. er the MAC address of that access point in the Desired BSSID field Note that the ESSID of the access point must also match the configured ESSID of the client Radio Encryption Select the desired radio encryption level The encryption key passphrase and other security information is entered on the Security Menu See 3 6 Security Menu Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 29 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Device Mode Used to select Bridge or Router mode By default this is set to Bridge If VLAN is enabled the Device Mode will indicate VLAN and the IP Address and Netmask will only be editable from the VLAN page Bridge STP Selecting this checkbox enables Spanning Tree Protocol in bridged networks See 3 5 Spanning Tree Algorithm for details Obtain IP Address Selecting this checkbox enables DHCP client on the 945U E A DHCP client requests Automatically its IP address from a DHCP server which assigns the IP address automatically For more information refer to 3 20 DHCP Server Configuration By default this option is not selected IP Address Bridge Mode The IP address of the 945U E module Both wired Ethernet Interface port and wireless Wireless Interface ports will take on this address Router Mode Separate IP addresses are required for each interface IP addresses must be different IP Subnet Mask The IP network mask of the 945U E mo
109. er the link and calculate and display the throughput accordingly The Iperf server can be run internally on the modem by enabling this feature on the Advanced Radio page of one of the modems see 4 4 Throughput Test It can also be run externally on a PC or laptop connected at each end of the radio link See Appendix D IPERF THROUGHPUT TEST EXT for a detailed procedure on how to use Iperf to externally check radio data throughput The internal Iperf is a cut down version of the standard Iperf and should be used as a guide only For a more comprehensive test Iperf should be run externally using laptops or PCs at each end of the Wi Fi link Internal Radio Tests The module also has an internal radio path test that will allow you to perform a basic radio path test without the need for a laptop or PC Two tests that can be run RSSI and throughput The throughput test can be disabled independently from the RSSI test but disabling the RSSI test will turn off both tests Typically the radio path test should be enabled at a modem configured as a client or station 84 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Radio Path Test Settings Enable Radio Path Test RSSI Strong Threshold 40 dBm RSSI Weak Threshold 60 dBm Enable Throughput Test Remote Device IP Address 192 168 0 114 Throughput High Threshold 10 Mbps Throughput Low Thresho
110. ers Internet servers and data servers A server can also be combined with a hub or router The process whereby a wireless network installer inspects a location prior to installing a wireless network Site surveys are used to identify the radio and client use properties of a facility so that access points can be optimally placed Secure Sockets Layer SSL is a commonly encryption scheme used by many online retail and banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions When an SSL session begins the server sends its public key to the browser The browser then sends a randomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that session Found in larger networks these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous computers Subnets connect together through a router A type of hub that efficiently controls the way multiple devices use the same network so that each can operate at optimal performance A switch acts as a networks traffic cop rather than transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports as a hub does a switch transmits packets to only the receiving port Transmission Control Protocol TCP is protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of individual units called packets between computers over the Internet While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets tha
111. esses 9 Enter the default IP address for the 945U E The default address is 192 168 0 1XX where XX is the last two digits of the serial number 10 Enter the username user and default password user 24 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual ELPRO Technologies 245U E G Configuration and Diagnostics Dipswitch setting at boot Dipswitch setting current Ethernet MAC Address Wireless MAC Address 3 12 JE Owner Contact Description Location Model Radio Country Senal Number Hardware Revision Firmware Version Kemel Version RUN Mode RUN Mode 00 12 AF 00 90 CC 06 12 AF 00 90 CE Owner Contact Description Location 245U E G G US 02111399387 12c Version 2 13 Wed May 30 11 13 09 EST 2012 Version 144 Wed May 30 11 10 50 EST 2012 COOPER Bussmann a m Kk 3 a Quick Stan Network Seant T senal ansi is ng pay Stom SUN beginner nae Throughput Test Statistics E HAUSUCS System Tools Is Mo nut Inf ormation wnfiquratios so SUMM ary Figure 21 Main Screen 11 To resume normal configured operation when configuration is complete switch the factory default DIP switch on the 945U E to RUN and cycle power A NOTE Security Certificates Configuration of the 945U E uses an encrypted link https The security certificate used by the 945U E is issued by
112. esses from a predefined list and limit their time of use so that they can be reassigned Without DHCP an IT manager would need to manually enter in all the IP addresses of all the computers on the network When DHCP is used whenever a computer logs onto the network an IP address is automatically assigned to it 95 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual A communication connection via the standard telephone network or plain old telephone service POTS DNS Domain name service DNS is a program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers The program works behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus numeric addresses A DNS server converts a name like mywebsite com to a series of numbers like 107 22 55 26 Every website has its own specific IP address on the Internet DSL Digital subscriber line DSL is a family of technology protocols for high speed data voice and video transmission over ordinary twisted pair copper POTS plain old telephone service telephone wires Encryption Key An alphanumeric letters and or numbers series that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be safely shared among members of a network WEP uses an encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data On the receiving side the same encryption key enables the computer to automatically decrypt the in
113. ev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 41 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual The example in Figure 36 demonstrates how a Modbus TCP client master can connect to one or more Modbus RTU serial slaves In this example the 945U E access point is configured with the RS232 Modbus TCP to RTU Gateway enabled Once enabled the gateway converts the Modbus TCP queries received from the master into Modbus RTU queries and forwards these over the RS232 port to the slave When the serial response to the query arrives from the slave it is converted to a Modbus TCP response and forwarded via the network to the Modbus TCP master If no response was received serially by the 945U E within the configured Response Timeout the 945U E will initiate a number of retries specified by the configured Maximum Request Retries The Modbus TCP to RTU gateway may be configured to operate on either the RS 232 or RS 485 port 3 11 Serial Menu RS 232 RS485 Serial Port Configuration RS232 Port Data Rate Data Format Flow Control Select the desired functionality Select either PPP Serial Gateway or Modbus TCP to RTU The serial data rate desired Serial data rates available range from 110 bps toa maximum of 115 200 bps The data format desired All the standard data formats are supported Select CTS RTS or None RS232 PPP Server Only RS232 Username Password Local IP Address Remote
114. f 10 second duration Not sure what throughput to expect click here Remote Device IP Address 192 168 0 123 Measure Throughput Iperf throughput for 10 second interval Figure 82 Throughput Test 3 Enter the IP address of the remote device that you wish to test and click Measure Throughput 80 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Not sure what throughput to expect click here Remote Device IP Address 192 168 0 123 Measure Throughput Iperf throughput for 10 second interval Figure 83 Iperf The specified IP address must be running Iperf in Server mode if the remote modem does not have the Iperf server running you will get the Error message Iperf error check connectivity to server Ensure that it has been enabled and reset the module Each time you click Measure Throughput a 10 second TCP throughput test is performed You will see the message Performing Iperf Test and if you look at the modules you will see the TX Link and RX LEDs flashing quickly as it performs the test After about 10 seconds a graph appears showing the actual throughput over the 10 second period and a calculated average The graph below shows the data throughput range between 8 and 14 5 Mbits per second with an overall average of 10 9 Mbits per second It is recommended to perform this throughput test a number of times to get a better s
115. figuration for Site B and A amp D are shown below 54 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WDS Connections Add Entry Connection Mode SSID MAC Address Encryption Encryption Key Router IP Router Subnet STP 1 Client Station Uplink SSID_C WPA2 PSK AES PassPhrase Figure 51 Site B WDS Configuration WDS Connections Connection Mode SSID MAC Address Encryption Encryption Key Router IP Router Subnet STP 1 Client Station Uplink SSID B WEP 64 bit v 01 0D 12 1E 23 F 2 Client Station Uplink SSID_C WPA2 PSK AES PassPhrase Figure 52 Site A and D WDS Configuration Encryption levels and key above are shows as being different but they can be the same as in some of the earlier examples One reason why the encryption level and key would be different is that the access point may have clients that communicate using a different encryption method for example 128 bit WEP and may not support the same encryption method Example 4 WDS Routed Network An example of using WDS router interfaces to achieve a similar physical topology to the WDS bridge example discussed earlier is shown in Figure 53 In both examples there are four WDS access points each with the possibility of having their
116. formance information This page is typically useful to ELPRO technical support personnel in diagnosing problems with the module A NOTE When updating the Statistics webpage it is necessary to hold down the CTRL key while clicking Refresh otherwise the information will not be updated Statistics Wireless Statistics wid IEEE 802 11g ESSID TEST SSID Mode Master Frequency 912 MHz Access Point 06 12 AF 00 56 FE Bit Rate 0 kb s Tx Power 28 dBm Sensitivity 1 1 Retry off RTS thr off Fragment thr off Encryption key off Power Management off Link Quality 26 70 Signal level 58 dBm Noise level 84 dBm Rx invalid nwid 0 Rx invalid crypt 0 Rx invalid frag 0 Tx excessive retries 0 Invalid misc 0 Missed beacon 0 m 3 tx management frames 1 tx failed due to too many retries 134 long on chip tx retries Interface Statistics Inter Receive Transmit face bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast bytes packets 10 16359132 213772 0 0 o 0 o 0 16359132 213772 wifi0 263793 1179 0 o o 90 o 0 305753 3760 etho 147045 975 0 o 9 0 o 72 1553607 3907 ethi 0 0 0 o o 0 o 0 0 o wid 456478 2351 0 o 0 0 o 0 214073 3759 bro 145062 1799 0 o 0 0 o 123 1443097 4653 Figure 85 Statistics Wireless Statistics The Wireless Statistics pane on the Statistics page shows further diagnostics statistics The list of statistics produced is dynamic and may vary depending on the model and configuration 2 4 GHz 5 GHz or 900 M
117. formation so it can be read Encryption keys should be kept secret Firewall A device or computer program that keeps unauthorized users out of a private network Everything entering or leaving a system s internal network passes through the firewall and must meet the system s security standards in order to be transmitted Often used to keep unauthorized people from using systems connected to the Internet A multiport device used to connect PCs to a network via Ethernet cabling or via 802 11 Wired hubs can have numerous ports and can transmit data at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to multi Gigabyte speeds per second A hub transmits packets it receives to all the connected ports A small wired hub may only connect four computers a large hub can connect 48 or more Hertz The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second One megahertz MHz is one million hertz One gigahertz GHz is one billion hertz The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 535 1605 kHz the FM broadcast radio frequency band is 88 108 MHz and wireless 802 11b g LANs operate at 2 4 GHz Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers New York www ieee org A membership organization that includes engineers scientists and students in electronics and allied fields It has more than 300 000 members and is involved with setting standards for computers and communications Infrast
118. g DNS The configuration page of the remote module will appear and changes can be made A NOTE Care must be taken if modifying the configuration of a module remotely If the radio configuration is changed some changes made may cause loss of the radio link and therefore loss of the network connection It is advisable to determine the path of the links to the modules you wish to modify and draw a tree diagram if necessary Modify the modules at the leaf nodes of your tree diagram These will be the furthest away from your connection point in terms of the number of radio or Ethernet links In a simple system this usually means modifying the client modules first and the access point last 86 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Priority 2 Priority 2 Priority 1 Configuring PC or Laptop Figure 88 Remote Configuration 4 9 Internal Diagnostic Modbus Registers There are a number of internal diagnostic registers that can be accessed via Modbus TCP RTU that will help with analyzing and diagnosing the radio network To access these registers the Modbus server will need to be enabled and a Modbus server address will need to be configured For details see 3 14 Modbus I O Transfer After enabling the Modbus client you can access the following information by reading the corresponding Modbus address at the server ID address N
119. gh Mode all frames pass transparently through the bridge regardless of whether they are VLAN tagged or untagged In this mode access to the internal management functions is via untagged frames only using the IP Address and Subnet Mask configured on the Network page In VLAN Aware Mode only explicitly configured VLANs are allowed corresponding to the configured VLAN Groups below When one or more VLAN Groups have been configured VLAN passthrough is disabled and VLAN Aware Mode is enabled Notes A maximum of 10 VLAN Groups may be configured Each interface may be added as an untagged member to only one VLAN group When VLANs are enabled all IP Address configuration on the Network and Repeaters page is overridden Leave Managament IP and Netmask blank if no access to management and online configuration is required for a given Each VLAN Group forms a separate bridge whenever two or more interfaces are added to that VLAN Group WDS Repeater Interfaces correspond to the entries configured on the Repeaters page Add VLAN Group Figure 61 VLAN Pass Through When VLAN is enabled a default Management VLAN Group is created bridging the Ethernet and wireless interfaces and configuring both with untagged frames The Management IP and Management Netmask addresses will override the modules IP Address and Subnet Mask and the Device Mode will be changed to VLAN Bridge These changes will be indicated
120. hange to give the best throughput When a radio transmission is unsuccessful the 945U E will automatically drop to the next lowest data rate and if subsequent transmissions are successful at the lower rate the 945U E will attempt to increase to the next highest rate When a station connects to an access point the two devices negotiate a data rate based on which is within the configured range of radio data rates for both devices Select the Radio menu to change the following configuration parameters If a change is made you need to select Save Changes to retain the changes Changes will not take effect until the module is reset Radio Configuration Reset is required to activate settings Radio Settings Radio Mode 802 11 Transmit Power Level 28 dBm 630 MW Channel AP Only 15 907MHz 25MHz Channel Width STA and Auto Channel Only Auto All channel widths are scanned Transmit Data Rate Auto max is 54 Mbps Basic Rate 6Mbps Beacon Interval AP Only 100 msec Max Distance 20000 meters Disable SSID Broadcast AP Only E Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Go to Advanced Radio Configuration Figure 31 Radio Configuration Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 35 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Radio Mode Transmit Power Level Channel AP Only Channel Width Transmit Data Rate Basic Rate Beacon Interval AP only Max D
121. his happens it will scan the list of access points configured in the roaming scan list in this case channels 6 15 16 and 26 and if any of the RSSI levels are greater than 84 dBm it will change to this access point i e 6 dB Roam Changeover Threshold better than 90 dBm Roam Scan Threshold 3 16 Repeaters WDS The range of a wireless network can be extended by allowing access points to behave as repeaters and forward traffic to other access points Access point to access point communications is also known as wireless distribution system WDS The 945U E offers very powerful WDS configuration allowing for a mesh network with self healing functionality Alternatively fixed access point to access point links can be configured for optimized throughput Each 945U E access point supports up to 10 separate interfaces for WDS links to other devices Each WDS interface can be either a bridge or router interface Refer to 1 0 Network Topology for more information on bridge versus router If you need a simple repeater network Figure 45 use a bridge interface Access Point Client Station Virtual Client Station SSID Areal WDS Link Client Station SSID Areal Client Station SSID Area Client Station Client Station SSID Areal SSID Area Figure 45 WDS Repeaters A WDS bridge interface allows traffic to be bridged to another access point on the same IP network WDS bridge interfaces do not re
122. histicated features but if you do not require these features you can use this section to configure the units quickly To get started quickly 1 Read Chapter 2 INSTALLATION The 945U E requires an antenna and a power supply 2 Power the 945U E and make an Ethernet connection to your PC For detailed steps see 3 2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time 3 Set the 945U E address settings as described in 3 2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time 4 Save the configuration The 945U E is now ready to use Before installing the 945U E bench test the system It is much easier to locate problems when the equipment is altogether There are additional configuration settings that may improve the operation of the system For more information see 3 0 Startup 10 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 2 0 General The 945U E modules are housed in a rugged aluminum case suitable for DIN rail mounting Terminals will accept wires up to 2 5 mm2 12 gauge in size All connections to the module must be SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage Normal 110 250V mains supply must not be connected to any terminal of the 945U E module Refer to 2 2 Power Supply Before installing a new system it is preferable to bench test the complete system Configuration problems are easier to recognize when the sys
123. hus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for non commercial d
124. ices Multicast Group Port Multicast port used when communicating to all other multicast devices This will need to be the same on all communicating multicast devices 3 13 Digital Input Output The functionality of the shared digital input output pin may be configured via the Transfer webpage Because this pin is shared the digital input status will be On when the digital output is set On The digital I O channel can be transferred to from another device using Modbus see 3 14 Modbus I O Transfer or it can be configured to provide status of the module communications If the 945U E disassociates from another 44 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual unit that is there is no wireless link you can configure the digital output to turn On set or Off drop shared Digital I O Status Digital Input is OFF Digital Output is OFF Switch Digital Output ON Communications Failure Digital output action on wifi link failure is No Action Figure 39 Digital I O 3 14 Modbus I O Transfer The 945U E provides Modbus TCP client and Modbus TCP server functionality for I O transfer The 5000 x 16 bit general purpose registers are provided for Modbus including the onboard digital input output and are shared for both client and server Modbus TCP client master and Modbus TCP server slave are both supported simultaneously and
125. ing will write the register 4300 local digital input to server IP address 192 168 0 200 Unit C device ID 1 and register 4320 digital output The second mapping shows a Modbus read command of 8 discretes starting at register 1 Destination Register on device ID 6 connected to IP address 192 168 0 200 and storing the values locally at register 1 itself The third mapping shows the Modbus write command write coils which is writing the local 8 I Os starting at register 1 across to server IP address 192 168 0 123 device ID 5 destination reg 1 Since the 945U E supports Modbus TCP client and server simultaneously the Modbus TCP server for unit B above could also be enabled This would allow one or more external Modbus TCP clients anywhere on the extended wired or wireless network to connect to unit B and monitor the status of the I O registers including the I O at units A C and D This is a very powerful and flexible feature which could for example be exploited by a central monitoring facility or SCADA Modbus TCP Configuration on I O Transfer Menu Enable Modbus TCP Select this checkbox to enable the onboard Modbus TCP server All Modbus TCP Server Slave connections to the module IP address and specified Modbus server device ID will be routed to the onboard I O registers Modbus Server Specify the Modbus device ID for the onboard Modbus TCP server Allowed values Device ID are 0 to 255 Enable Modbus TCP Select this che
126. ion followed by a complete disconnection of the radio link It is at this point that the client will scan for access points and if one is in range it could take up to 10 seconds for the client to establish a connection Fast roaming will significantly reduce the time taken for a client to roam from access point to access point In addition the discovery of access points is completed before the existing radio link deteriorates therefore eliminating the periods of poor performance during transition to the next access point 48 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Fast Roaming Passive Scanning Roam Scan Threshold 90 dBm Roam Changeover Threshold 6 dB Roam Check Interval 30 seconds Channel Width 20 MHz Only channels with this width are scanned Scan List only scan these channels for an AP Note Channel Width setting above will apply only when there are no entries in the Scan List Figure 43 Roaming The following settings and thresholds can be configured to fine tune the fast roaming process Fast Roaming Fast roaming allows a client station to roam to an access point with a stronger signal strength without disrupting communications or roam seamlessly between multiple access points based on configuration parameters such as RSSI threshold Passive Scanning STA only Selecting this checkbox stops a client device from
127. ion webpages Site B is acting as an access point for Site A and is a client to Site C likewise Site C is acting as an access point for Site B and a client for Site D Since this example is a bridged network all devices are on the same IP network and each link is using a different SSID there is no possibility of loops multiple paths to the same location and therefore we do not need to incur the overhead of enabling STP bridge Spanning Tree Protocol We specify the devices at the other end of the WDS links by SSID only MAC addresses can be used to specify point to point links to third party devices which do not support meshing via SSID In this example each virtual connection is using the same encryption method WPA PSK AES with a key of Pass Phrase However in Example 1 the Encryption method and key can be different for each virtual link or even disabled no encryption Also the Spanning Tree Protocol is disabled as there is no possibility of network loops Example 2 Roaming with WDS Access Points Access Point Roaming with WDS E o Access Points Virtual AP Virtual Station Roaming Client SSID System_SSID STP Enabled Virtual Client SSID SSID_A B f Site A Site B Site C Figure 48 WDS Roaming Another common use for WDS is extending the range across a large wireless network by allowing roaming connections between access points or being able to switch to the next access point when out of range
128. is to support multiple virtual wireless networks For example consider a corporate facility where separate networks may be provided for a permanent staff b guests and c production network Each of the three virtual networks can be setup using different encryption keys to enhance security The setup is illustrated below 66 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Example 2 Untagged L t q Jj IGE MIA if fl Ethernet Management VLAN Management paid i 192 168 0 100 Staff JA Untagged Ethernet VLAN Trunt E Ethernot ee as paaa AAN n Tong dal TATI bs ml NGA aria a NLANG j e ae VLAN ID 30 WDS Repeater 2 Tagged i Virtual Interface Ba wa Figure 65 VLAN Example 2 The module is configured with three wireless interfaces The first one is the normal wireless interface found on the Network page wi0 The second wil and third wi2 are virtual interfaces created on the Repeaters page Each interface is configured as an access point and can be setup with unique SSIDs and encryption settings In this example all three wireless interfaces are untagged so that devices joining each of the networks need not be VLAN aware Untagged data from each of the wireless interfaces is individually bridged with one of the three VLAN aware virtual interfaces VLAN ID 10 VLAN ID 2
129. istance Disable SSID broadcast AP only Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Channel Selection The 945U E only supports the 802 11 standard This allows adjustment of the radio power Do not set the radio power above the allowed setting for your country You can reduce the power for short range applications or to allow the use of high gain transmitter antennas while still complying with the emission requirements of your country See Appendix C POWER CONVERSION for dBm to mW conversion Select available channel frequency and bandwidth from drop down list Different regions will show the channels available for that region Used when configuring clients STA A Client will scan for available access points that it can then connect with Selecting a Channel Width will limit the number of channels the client will scan For example if 5 MHz is selected the client will only scan the 5 MHz channels If Auto is selected it will scan all channels and all bands default is Auto The radio baud rate in Mega million bits per second Mbps for point to point radio transmissions The default value is Auto Select a fixed rate to force the radio to use the selected rate amp Increasing the Transmit Data rate will decrease the transmit power level For example a 36 Mbps data rate will reduce the TX power to 400 mW a 48 Mbps data rate will reduce the power to 200 mW and 54 Mbps data rate will reduce the power to 12
130. istribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 105 10 106 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically te
131. ivate network VPN is a type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet VPN can work with either wired or wireless networks as well as with dial up connections over POTS VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user s computer through the local wireless network through the Internet all the way to the corporate servers and database Wide area network WAN is a communication system of connecting PCs and other computing devices across a large local regional national or international geographic area Also used to distinguish between phone based data networks and Wi Fi Phone networks are considered WANs and Wi Fi networks are considered Wireless Local Area Networks WLANs Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP is a basic wireless security provided by Wi Fi In some instances WEP may be all a home or small business user needs to protect wireless data WEP is available in 40 bit also called 64 bit or in 108 bit also called 128 bit encryption modes As 108 bit encryption provides a longer algorithm that takes longer to decode it can provide better security than basic 40 bit 64 bit encryption 98 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual em oein Wireless Fidelity An interoperability certification for wireless local area network LAN products based on the Institute of Electrica
132. ive each DNS client must be configured with the address of this DNS server as either the primary or secondary DNS secondary DNS is only used if there is no response from the primary DNS Normally this is done by setting the primary DNS field of the DHCP server configuration to the wireless IP address This address is then provided to client units to use as their primary DNS server address when the DHCP server issues an IP address The DNS server is configured using the following settings Enabled Select this checkbox to enable the DNS server 62 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Domain Name This is a common suffix applied to the name of each device in the network If your network is part of a larger network this would be assigned to you by the relevant naming authority If your network is stand alone this field is set to an arbitrary name of your choice Device Name Host This is the DNS name of the local device commonly referred to as the host name Name or computer name This setting is duplicated on the main Module Information configuration page This is the name that is used to refer to this device See 3 23 Module Information Configuration 3 22 VLAN What is VLAN VLAN virtual local area network is a way of splitting a network into groups that could extend beyond a single traditional LAN to groups of LANs each identifi
133. l and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11 standard Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 99 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual APPENDIX C POWER CONVERSION Power Conversion The following table provides dBm to mW conversion was dom 10 mW 19 mW 16 mW 20 mW 25 mi 32 mW mw so min 69 mw 7o min 100 mi 126 mi 158 mw 200 mW 316 mW 309 mW 500 mW 600 mW B00 mW Low Law Low 20w 25W 3 2 W 35 dB 100 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual APPENDIX D IPERF THROUGHPUT TEST EXT This appendix shows how to set up and use the Iperf application to test the throughput of Ethernet modems Iperf is a tool used to measure the throughput and quality of a network link Another application called Jperf can also be used which gives a graphical interface for all results The following instructions cover Iperf and Jperf but not the setup and configuration of the modems Modem setup instructions are provided in earlier sections of this manual Materials e 2 x Ethernet modems configured as a bridge e 2 x PC computers with Ethernet ports e Suitable power supplies for the Ethernet modems e Straight through Ethernet cables e perf Jperf application Installation 1 Download the application from the link http sourceforge net projects iperf and save t
134. ld 4 Mbps Figure 86 Radio Path Tests A NOTE The Radio Path Test feature should not be enabled on a live system It is intended for testing only Radio path settings are as follows Enable Radio Path Enables or disables the radio path test Test RSSI Strong Strong RSSI indication threshold Threshold RSSI Weak Weak RSSI indication threshold Threshold Enable Throughput Enables or disables the throughput test independent of radio path test RSSI Test Remote Device IP address of the remote device that you wish to path test IP Address Throughput High High throughput indication value Generally configured with the desired throughput Threshold level Throughput Low Low throughput indication value Threshold RSSI Test The first test RSSI Test uses the RS232 LED to indicate the RSSI level from the access point The LED will be green when the RSSI to the access point is greater than the configured RSSI Strong Threshold or red when the RSSI to the access point is greater than the configured RSSI Weak Threshold If the RSSI to the access point is less than the RSSI Weak Threshold the RS232 LED will be off When the Radio Path Test is enabled the OK LED will flash alternately between green and red indicating that it is in a diagnostic mode Throughput Test The second test is the throughput test which when enabled performs a basic throughput test between the access point and client The configurable remote device IP address should specify
135. le RX Frame Error Rate this can be high due to other wireless devices in the area When a broadcast message is sent from the client to the access point the access point will always ACKnolwedge the client When a Broadcast Message is sent from access point to the client no ACK will be sent back Can be probes authenticate associate messages RTS messages beacons and so on There are many devices and PC programs that will analyze performance of an Ethernet network Freely available programs such as Ethereal provide a simple cost effective means for more advanced analysis By monitoring traffic on the wired Ethernet a better idea of regular traffic can be discovered Network Analysis programs make configuration of a filter for the 945U E a simple task 4 6 System Tools The System Tools Page has a number of tools that help maintain the module firmware and configuration Configuration Summary TCP Throughput Test Radio Path Test Read Configuration File Write Configuration File Rev Version 2 15 This option is used to save all the different Configuration pages onto one page for easy viewing Page can also be saved using the File Save As function on the drop File Menu for future reference and emailing module configuration details to ELPRO technical support in the event of any configuration problems Perform a throughput test See 4 4 Throughput Test for details Perform a radio path test without the use of a lap
136. lpro sales cooperindustries com ELPRO Technologies The trade names and brand names contained herein are valuable trademarks of Cooper Industries in the U S and other countries You are not permitted to use the Cooper Trademarks without the prior written consent of Cooper Industries COOPER Bussmann www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources
137. maximum TCPIP window size is 65535 bytes Another entry that can be added is t lt seconds gt to run the test for a specific time period 102 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual JPerf Application Jperf is a graphical interface that runs over the top of Iperf It will display a graph result from the Iperf test To run Jpert 1 Open a command prompt and change to the jperf 2 0 2 directory and run the Jperf application as shown in Figure 98 The Command Prompt screen will disappear and the Jperf Screen will appear as shown in Figure 99 ex Command Prompt icrosoft Windows XP Version 5 1 2600 CC Copyright 1985 2661 Microsoft Corp npod jperf 2 0 2 ngperf 2 0 2Z5jperf Figure 98 Jperf BB JPerf 2 0 2 Network performance measurement graphical tool EBI Perf Iperf command binjiperf exe c 192 168 0 115 P 14 1 p 5001 fk 10 n S Run IPerf Choose iPerf Mode CG Client Server address 192 168 0 115 00 Parallel Streams C Server Mon 14 Feb 2011 11 29 18 Hi 3 an Mon 14Feb 2011 11 29 1 Enable Compatibility Mode Transmit 10 OBytes G Seconds Output Format KBits Report Interval Testing Mode Oual Trade test port 5 001 Representative File i C Print Mss Transport layer options Choose the protocol to use TCP C Buffer Length
138. mes for this VLAN group Furthermore the VLAN priority will be used to determine which of 4 priority radio queues VLAN tagged frames will be queued on when transmitted via the radio Management IP The management IP is the address of the module if only one VLAN group is configured Access to the module s internal Web based configuration and IP based functions such as serial gateway Modbus server is provided via this management IP address and subnet mask Ab NOTE If only one VLAN group is configured it must have a management IP and netmask If further VLAN groups are configured groups 2 9 they only need a Management IP and subnet if access to the modules IP based functions such as Modbus or webpages is required Management The IP network mask of the Management IP see above Netmask Bridge STP Turns on Spanning Tree Protocol STP for the bridge STP prevents network loops that can cause broadcast storms Bridge Priority The STP priority number for the bridge This value should be set in context with other devices that are connected on the same network Interface Membership Each VLAN group has a configurable interface membership list The membership list will allow up to twelve possible interfaces to be added The following configurable parameters will apply to each entry Interface Select an interface from the drop down list to be used for the VLAN group Available interfaces are Ethernet Wireless or one of the 10 WDS Repeat
139. mum distance 1200 meters Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 93 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual APPENDIX A FIRMWARE UPGRADES Determine which firmware version is present in the module to be upgraded by viewing the index webpage of the module Firmware versions 1 0 3 and later may be upgraded via the Configuration webpages This upgrade can be performed locally with a PC connected directly to the module or remotely over a working radio link For remote upgrades it is advisable to reduce radio traffic over the link from other devices as much as possible If necessary create a temporary separate radio network to perform the upgrade to remote modules Web based Upgrade Web based firmware upgrade is available from the System tools page by selecting Firmware Upgrade Firmware upgrade is performed by uploading a patch file that is specific to the currently installed firmware version If the device firmware version has fallen multiple versions behind the desired version it may be necessary to upload multiple patch files Once the patch files are uploaded reset the module to perform the firmware upgrade You will receive more detailed instructions if it is necessary to upgrade the module firmware Firmware Upgrade Firmware upgrade may be performed using this page Firmware upgrades may be made using the radio network Note that the unit must be reset before
140. n restriction for antennas connected to the RX connector unless TX Diversity is enabled on the Radio page The gains and losses of typical antennas are as follows The net gain of the antenna cable configuration is determined by adding the antenna gain and the cable loss For example an 8 dBi antenna 5 8 dBd with 10 meters of Cellfoil 3 dBd has a net gain of 2 8 dB 5 8 dB 3 dB Installation Tips Connections between the antenna and coaxial cable should be carefully taped to prevent ingress of moisture Moisture ingress in the coaxial cable is a common cause for problems with radio systems as it greatly increases the radio losses We recommend that the connection be taped firstly with a layer of PVC Tape then with a vulcanizing tape such as 3M 23 tape and finally with another layer of PVC UV stabilized insulating tape The first layer of tape allows the joint to be easily inspected when trouble shooting as the vulcanizing seal can be easily removed Where antennas are mounted on elevated masts the masts should be effectively earthed to avoid lightning surges For high lightning risk areas approved ELPRO surge suppression devices such as the CSD SMA 2500 or CSD N 6000 should be fitted between the module and the antenna If using non ELPRO surge suppression devices the devices must have a TURN ON voltage of less than 90 V If the antenna is not already shielded from lightning strike by an adjacent earthed structure a lightning
141. n the devices you wish to connect and the existing network topology The following pages show some examples of how to connect devices into different types of systems Example 1 Extending Range Using WDS Site A Site B Site C Site D g 9 Virtual Client Ee Virtual Client i Virtual Client SSID SSID_B SSID SSID_C SSID SSID_D Figure 46 Extending Range One of the most common uses for WDS is to extend the range of the wireless network using repeaters Figure 46 illustrates a simple example where the four access points are all at fixed locations each of the access points could have one or more client stations connected Since the locations are fixed you can avoid the overhead of using the Bridge Spanning Tree Protocol by configuring fixed WDS links to ensure that each access point will only connect to the next access point in the chain Any number of additional intermediate repeaters could be added to the chain in a similar way 52 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WDS Connections Add Entry Delete Entry Connection Mode SSID MAC Address Encryption Encryption Key Router IP Router Subnet STP 1 Ciient Station Upink SSID_C WPA2 PSKIAES Figure 47 Site B WDS Configuration 1 The WDS configuration for unit B is shown above this page is accessible via the Repeaters link from the configurat
142. nal elements e Directional radome which is cylindrical in shape e Parabolic antenna 14 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual A directional antenna provides high gain in the forward direction but lower gain in other directions This type of antenna may be used to compensate for coaxial cable loss for installations with marginal radio path Yagi antennas should be installed with the main beam horizontal pointing in the forward direction If the Yagi is transmitting to a vertically mounted omni directional antenna the Yagi elements should be vertical If the Yagi is transmitting to another Yagi the elements at each end of the wireless link need to in the same plane horizontal or vertical Directional radomes should be installed with the central beam horizontal and must be pointed exactly in the direction of transmission to benefit from the gain of the antenna Parabolic antennas should be mounted as per the manufacturer s instructions with the parabolic grid at the back and the radiating element pointing in the direction of the transmission Ensure that the antenna mounting bracket is well connected to ground earth Directional Antenna Figure 11 Dipole Antenna 2 2 Power Supply The 945U E module can be powered from a 9 30 Vdc power supply The power supply should be rated at 1 Amp minimum The positive side of the supply m
143. nas Because the two connectors are separated the RF signal at each connector will be different in the presence of multi path fading The 945U E unit will automatically select the higher RF signal provided RX diversity has been enabled on the radio Configuration page 12 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Line of sight Installations In longer line of sight installations the range may be increased by using a high gain antenna on the TX RX connector However the gain should not cause the effective radiated power ERP to exceed the permitted value A second higher gain antenna can be connected to the RX connector without affecting ERP This will increase the operating range provided any interference in the direction of the link is low Antenna Gain and Loss Antennas can be either connected directly to the module connectors or connected via 50 ohm coaxial cable for example RG58 Cellfoil or RG213 terminated with a male SMA coaxial connector The higher the antenna is mounted the greater the transmission range will be However cable losses also increase as the length of the coaxial cable increases The net gain of an antenna cable configuration is the gain of the antenna in dBi less the loss in the coaxial cable in dB The 945U E maximum net gain for US and Canada is 10dB 4W ERP and OdB for Australia and NZ 1 W ERP There is no gai
144. nd therefore only the RSSI value is made available Modbus TCP Client Mappings on I O Transfer Menu Local Register Enter the starting onboard I O register number that the specified Modbus master transaction will transfer I O to from I O Count Specify the number of consecutive I O register to be transferred for the specified transaction Function Code Specify the Modbus function code for the transaction Destination Register Enter the starting I O register number in the destination device that the specified Modbus master transaction will transfer I O to from Device ID Enter the Modbus device ID of the destination Modbus device Server IP Address Specify the IP address of the destination Modbus TCP server for the specified transaction Response Timeout Enter the timeout in milliseconds to wait for a response to the specified transaction Comm Fail Register Enter the onboard I O register number to store the communication status of the specified transaction The specified register will be set to O if communications is successful OxFFFF if there is no connection to the specified server or OxFFxx where xx is the Modbus exception code 3 15 Roaming In certain cases a client may be in a mobile situation and require a method of roaming to another access point Normal network communications provide only basic roaming behavior which means as the client moves further from the access point it will go through a period of poor communicat
145. ndows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Test LAN Connection specific DMS Suffix 192 168 89 17 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway Figure 91 Ipconfig In the example above ipconfig was entered in the command prompt The reply shows the PC s IP address subnet mask and the gateway it is connected to Other ipconfig commands will return more information The hardware or MAC address of the computer may be discovered using the command ipconfig all The command Ipconfig lists all of the commands and their usages available for use arp The arp command displays and modifies the IP to physical address translation tables used by Address Resolution Protocol ARP Once a remote computer has been pinged this command can be used to see the IP address and MAC address of the remote computer It will also show any other devices on the network to which it may be connected sx Command Prompt Microsoft Windows KP Version 5 1 2660 lt C gt Copyright 17085 2681 Microsoft Corp N arp a Interface 192 168 00 17 x3 Internet Address Physical Address Type 192 168 8 168 A0 12 af AB 7F 84 dynamic 192 168 868 118 A0 12 af 00 3d 84 dynamic 192 168 8 134 H0 12 af 00 36 e8 dynamic Hip Figure 92 Arp The command used in the above example is arp a It shows the PC s IP address as did the previous ipconfig command in this case the IP address is still 192 168 0 17 It also
146. ne IP address for the Ethernet side and another for the wireless side A Bridge connects devices within the same Ethernet network for example extending an existing Ethernet LAN For a Bridge the IP address for the wireless side is the same as the Ethernet side Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 192 168 0 34 192 168 0 72 Access Point Client Bridge Bridge Internet Figure 7 Bridge A Router connects devices on different LANs The IP addresses for the Ethernet and wireless sides are different In the example in Figure 8 the wireless link is part of LAN A with the Client unit acting as a Router between LAN A and LAN B Alternatively the Access Point could be configured as a Router The wireless link is then part of LAN B If more than two routers are required within the same radio network then routing rules may need to be configured see 3 17 Routing Rules for details There is no limit to the number of Bridges in the same network although there is a limit of 128 Client units linked to any single Access Point 192 168 102 54 192 168 102 53 Access Point Rotiter Client Bridge 192 168 0 34 Pa Tt Ss La m poa e i Na iz v i A p F i Figure 8 Router 1 1 Getting Started Quickly Most applications for the 945U E require little configuration The 945U E has many sop
147. nector POE xc occ ers zac 16 3 13 Digital INPUJOUIPUL aaa 652488 i0u ea KAG 44 RS485 Serial Port 0000 ce aee 16 sla MOODUS A Gack ene Gente as ng 2 4 Discrete Digital Input QOutput 17 a aden ae a NE AG gee i Chapter 3 OPERATION aaa 19 3 17 Routing Rules 0 00 eee 57 3 0 Startup aaa aa eee ences 19 3 18 Filtering cee ee eee 59 Access Point Startup eee eee 19 MAC Address Filter Configuration 60 Cen SIAMUD atpereieeyetedvanas AKA naNGt 19 IP Address Filter Configuration 61 Link Establishment 0 0000 e eee 19 ARP Filter Configuration 00 eeee 61 How a Link Connection Is Lost 19 3 19 DHCP Client Configuration 62 Roaming Clients 1 aaa naaa 19 3 20 DHCP Server Configuration 62 LED Indication aaa ana naaa 20 3 21 DNS Server Configuration 62 3 1 Selecting a Channel 20 322 VLAN 00 63 802 11 900 Miiz Channels 20 What is VLAN 0 cece cece cece eee ee 63 Radio Throughput 6 e sere eee 21 Operation 63 Throughput and Repeaters 22 VLAN Group 22mm 65 3 2 Configuring the Unit for the First Time 23 Interface Membership e 0e00 65 Default Configuration 23 Examples 2 cece cccccuceuccucceuees 65 Accessing Configuration for the First Time 23 3 23 Module
148. o a location on your PC 2 Extract the zip file to the ROOT directory C 1 on your PC The extracted folder contains the main Iperf application as well as the Jperf graphical interface 3 Copy the extracted folder to the second PC or download to the second PC and extract as described in steps 1 and 2 Iperf Application The Iperf or Jperf application needs to be run on the PC or laptop at each end of the wireless link that is to be tested 1 At the server PC open a command prompt by opening the Windows Start menu choosing Run and entering CMD 2 When the Command Prompt screen appears set the directory to where the Iperf application resides where it was saved above and from here run the Iperf server command iperf s See Figure 95 Iperf server application is now running and waiting for a client connection A NOTE If you get a security pop up on the PC select Unblock for the application to run Command Prompt iperf s icrosoft Windows AP Version 5 1 2600 CC Copyright 1985 2061 Microsoft Corp n cd jperf 2 0 24bin jperf 2 8 2 bin gt iperf s Server listening on TCP port 5001 CP window size 8 00 KByte Cdefault Figure 95 iperf s Command Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 101 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 3 On the client PC open up a command prompt and change the directory to jperf 2 0 2 bin as you did for
149. o frequencies and communication protocols as commercially available off the shelf equipment If your system is not adequately secured third parties may be able to gain access to your data or gain control of your equipment via the radio link Before deploying a system make sure you have considered the security aspects of your installation carefully Release Notice This is the February 2014 release of the 945U E Ethernet Modem User Manual version 2 15 which applies to version 2 16 modem firmware Follow Instructions Read this entire manual and all other publications pertaining to the work to be performed before installing operating or servicing this equipment Practice all plant and safety instructions and precautions Failure to follow the instructions can cause personal injury and or property damage Proper Use Any unauthorized modifications to or use of this equipment outside its specified mechanical electrical or other operating limits may cause personal injury and or property damage including damage to the equipment Any such unauthorized modifications 1 constitute misuse and or negligence within the meaning of the product warranty thereby excluding warranty coverage for any resulting damage and 2 invalidate product certifications or listings 4 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTIO
150. onnection NAT takes the single incoming IP address and creates new IP address for each client computer on the network NIC Network interface card NIC is a type of PC adapter card that either works without wires Wi Fi or attaches to a network cable to provide two way communication between the computer and network devices such as a hub or switch Most office ISO Network Model wired NICs operate at 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet or 10 100 Mbps dual speed High speed Gigabit and 10 Gigabit NIC cards are also available See PC Card Proxy Server Used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security a proxy server is able to prevent direct communication between two or more networks The proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers and or responds to data requests directly from stored remote server data RJ 45 Standard connectors used in Ethernet networks RJ 45 connectors are similar to standard RJ 11 telephone connectors but RJ 45 connectors can have up to eight wires whereas telephone connectors have four Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 97 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Term Server Site Survey Sub Network or Subnet Switch ep TCP TCP IP VoIP VPN WAN WEP A computer that provides its resources to other computers and devices on a network These include print serv
151. ons so the radio path is true line of sight The modules will operate reliably with some obstruction of the radio path although the reliable distance will be reduced Obstructions that are close to either antenna will have more of a blocking affect than obstructions in the middle of the radio path The 945U E modules provide a diagnostic feature that displays the radio signal strength of transmissions Refer to Chapter 4 DIAGNOSTICS Line of sight paths are only necessary to obtain the maximum range Obstructions will reduce the range however may not prevent a reliable path A larger amount of obstruction can be tolerated for shorter distances For short distances it is possible to mount the antennas inside buildings An obstructed path requires testing to determine if the path will be reliable Refer to 4 7 Testing Radio Paths Where it is not possible to achieve reliable communications between two 945U E modules then a third 945U E module may be used to receive the message and re transmit it This module is referred to as a repeater This module may also have a host device connected to it The 945U E unit has two antenna connections at the top of the module allowing for two antennas to be fitted to the module if need be By default the right connector labeled TX RX is the main connection used to transmitter and receiver The left connector labeled RX is not connected unless configured as described in 3 9 Advanced Radio
152. ountries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Foundation write to the Fre
153. p Device Server User Manual Router Operation Routed Network A router joins separate IP sub networks together The router has different IP addresses on its wired and wireless ports reflecting the different IP addresses of the separate Ethernet networks All of the devices in these separate networks identify the router by IP address as their gateway to the other network When devices on one network wish to communicate with devices on the other network they direct their packets to the router for forwarding Because the router has an IP address on each of the networks it joins it inherently knows the packet identity If the traffic directed at the router cannot be identified for any of the networks to which it is connected the router must consult its routing rules as to where to direct the traffic For details on configuring routing rules see 3 17 Routing Rules 3 8 Radio Configuration The 945U E can be configured for different radio transmission rates A reduction in rate increases the reliable range transmission distance The factory default data rate settings are suitable for the majority of applications and should only be modified by experienced users The 945U E allows for a configurable fixed rate or an Auto radio transmission rate When a fixed rate is configured the radio transmission rate is never altered even under extremely poor conditions When Auto rate is configured the radio transmission rate will automatically c
154. perbussmann com wirelessresources 33 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual WPA Enterprise Supplicant Client Configuration WPA Enterprise Supplicant Configuration Username Username Password Password Enable Debug E Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Trusted CA certificate upload This certificate belongs to the issuer of the certificate for the 602 1x RADIUS Server Figure 30 WPA Enterprise Supplicant Username User credentials that match a valid user on the RADIUS server Password Enable Debug Disabled for normal operation Enables debug mode for use during commissioning To be used only if requested by ELPRO technical support Trusted CA Upload the certificate of the issuer of the RADIUS server s certificate This enables certificate upload the Supplicant to verify the identity of the RADIUS server during the authentication process Supported EAP method is PEAP MSCHAP v2 Certificate Once a certificate has been loaded this field will contain validation information for Verification result the certificate If this field is blank or contains errors the certificate is invalid Trusted CA Displays the contents of the loaded certificate Certificate Contents 3 Normal Operation After addresses are configured the units are ready for operation Refer to 1 0 Network Topology for an explanation on the operation of a bridge and router Bridge Operation Transparen
155. ping 5 MHz channels e 1 x 10 MHz channel If operating in Hong Kong the frequency range is 922 925 MHz and the available channels are as follows e 2 x non overlapping 1 25 MHz channels e 1 x 2 5 MHz channel 20 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Regions will only show the available channels for that location Figure 18 shows the frequency ranges and channels 900 MHz Channels Channels not available in the US Canada 912 914915 917 919 927 928 MHz 1 25 125 MHZ MHz 25MHz E E r Figure 18 900MHz Channels Each country or region has a different frequency regulation with multiple band widths and numerous channels available The main reason for having different channels and bandwidths is to allow multiple radios to operate in close proximity with minimal interference As you can see from the Channels Diagram above and the Data Throughput Table in the following section the greater the band width the greater the overall data throughput If selecting the high band width for example 20 MHz you will be limited to one channel which may be more susceptible to outside interference because it spans the available 900 MHz frequency range In some regions this high band width option may not even be available If selecting the lower bands for example 1 25 MHz you have more channels available and each channel is non overlapping
156. ple 1 Untagged _ Ethernet Management VLAN 10 Untagged Ethernet Interface Wireless VLAN Operations Ethernet VLAN Trunk Wio Wireless Interface F Figure 63 VLAN Example 1 The module configuration below shows there are two VLAN groups configured The first group is used for management of the module and ensures a connection is maintained for configuration and diagnostics from untagged devices on the VLAN trunk Modify the Management VLAN as required to provide access to the internal managament functions and online configuration interface The Management VLAN will override the Network page settings Management VLAN Name VLAN ID VLAN Management IP Management Bridge Bridge Priority Netmask STP Priority 4 Management VLAN o 192 168 0 100 255 255 255 0 E 32768 Interface Membership for Management VLAN Interface Type 1 Ethernetinterface Untagged v VLAN Group 2 Name VLAN ID VLAN Management IP Management Bridge Bridge Priority Netmask STP Priority 4 Operations 10 0 192 168 2 100 255 255 255 0 A 32768 Interface Membership for VLAN Group 2 Add Entry Delete Entry Interface Type 1 Ethernetinterface Tagged 2 Wireless Interface v Untagged v Figure 64 Example 1 Configuration Example 2 Multiple Wireless Interfaces Another very desirable VLAN configuration for a wireless device
157. quire additional IP address configuration because they are bridged with the standard wireless interface that is used for connections to associated clients All of the WDS interfaces on the one access point may be bridged if required WDS bridge interfaces have the advantage that redundant paths are permitted when using the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol see 3 5 Spanning Tree Algorithm thus behaving as a self healing mesh network Bridged networks are also not as configuration intensive as routed networks because WDS bridge interfaces generally do not require 50 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual IP address configuration they inherit the IP address of the standard wireless interface A WDS router interface allows traffic to be routed to an access point on a different network and therefore requires configuration of an IP address to reflect the network address of the destination network WDS router interfaces cannot provide the redundancy of bridge interfaces but can be used to reduce radio bandwidth requirements because the router can determine the destination based on IP address whereas the bridge must go through a learning phase where all broadcast traffic must be retransmitted on each interface Routed networks may also be used in some cases to avoid the overhead introduced by the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol when network loops exist
158. ress to 192 168 0 1 12 Change the Ethernet and Wireless IP Addresses to 192 168 0 200 13 Change Ethernet and Wireless Subnet Masks to 255 255 255 0 14 Enter a System Address ESSID string 15 Select the radio encryption required 16 Set DIP switch to RUN 17 Save the changes The unit will restart with new settings Client 1 Configuration 1 Perform the same configuration steps as the access point configuration with the following differences 2 Set the Ethernet and Wireless IP addresses of 945U E to 192 168 0 201 3 Set the Operating Mode to Client 4 Ensure the ESSID and radio encryption method match the access point 5 If encryption is used ensure the encryption keys or passphrase match the access point Client 2 Configuration Same as client 1 configuration except set the Ethernet and wireless IP addresses as 192 168 0 202 Connecting Two Networks Together Wireless 192 168 102 54 Wireless 192 168 102 53 ill Access Point Client Router Bridge Eth 192 168 102 53 Sub 255 255 255 0 Eth 192 168 0 200 Sub 255 255 255 0 Figure 70 Example Configuration 2 LAN A Configuration In this example network A is connected to the Internet via a router at IP address 192 168 0 1 Devices on LAN A that only require access to devices on LAN A and B should have their gateway IP address set to the 945U E access point as 192 168 0 200 Devices on LAN A that must interact with devices on LAN A and B
159. rminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so
160. rnet IP Address to 192 168 0 200 network mask 255 255 255 0 g Set the Wireless IP Address to 169 254 102 54 network mask 255 255 255 0 h Select the Radio Encryption required and enter encryption keys or passphrase if necessary i Set the DIP switch to RUN j Click Save to Flash and Reset The webpage will display a message indicating details are being written to flash Wait for the 945U E to reboot before removing power Enter a system generator string Client Configuration Perform the same configuration steps as for the access point configuration with the following differences 1 Oi Pi se YS IN 12 Enter Network and select Operating Mode as Client Set the Device Mode to Bridge Set the Gateway IP Address to 169 254 102 54 Set the Ethernet IP Address to 169 254 102 53 network mask 255 255 255 0 Set the Wireless IP Address to 169 254 102 53 network mask 255 255 255 0 Click Save to Flash and Reset The webpage will display a message indicating details are being written to flash Wait for the 945U E to reboot before removing power www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Extending Network Range with a Repeater Hop Configure units as described in Extending a Wired Network Place the access point at the remote intermediate repeater location Additional repeaters can be added using wireless distrib
161. rod may be installed above the antenna to provide shielding Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 13 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Co ic a Stretch to elongate sealant tape while wrapping over the connection ae aaa For proper UV protection Electrical Tape should then be wrapped over the Vulcanising Tape Figure 9 Vulcanizing Tape Dipole and Collinear Antennas A dipole or collinear antenna transmits the same amount of radio power in all directions as such they are easy to install and use The dipole antenna with integral 15 ft 5 m cable does not require any additional coaxial cable However a cable must be used with the collinear antennas To obtain maximum range collinear and dipole antennas should be mounted vertically preferably 1 wavelength away from a wall or mast see Figure 10 for distances and at least 3 ft 1 m from the radio module 1 wavelength Wavelengths Basbas ak 2 4 GHz 13 cm 5 GHz 6cm COLINEAR DIPOLE ANTENNA WEATHERPROOF CONNECTORS WITH SURGE 3M 23 TAPE ARRESTOR OPTIONAL COAXIAL CABLE ak STRESS RELIEF i LOOP MAST MODEM PROVIDE GOOD GROUND CONNECTION TO MAST MODULE AND SURGE UND CONDITIONS ARRESTOR 2 INSTALL MORE Figure 10 Collinear Dipole Antenna Directional Antennas Directional antennas can be any of the following e Yagi antenna with a main beam and orthogo
162. ropriate channel from the drop down list Only channels available for that region will be available www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Radio Settings Radio Mode 802 11 Transmit Power Level 28 dBm 630 mW Channel AP Only 15 907MHz 2 5MHz Channel Width STA and Auto Channel Only 2 204MHz 25MHz widths are scanned 8 904MHz 1 25MHz Transmit Data Rate 11 907MHZz 5MHz jis 54 Mbps 12 907MHz 10MHz Basic Rate 15 907MHz 2 5MHz 16 909MHZz 2 5MHz Beacon Interval AP Only 17 907MHz 1 25MHz _ Max Distance 18 909MHz 1 25MHz l 21 912MHz 5MHz Disable SSID Broadcast AP Only 22 912MHz 10MHz 24 912MHz 20MHz Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Ae 27 912MHz 1 25MHz 28 914MHz 1 25MHz Go to Advanced Radio Configuration oe cca 34 917MHz 20MHz 35 917MHz 2 5MHz 36 919MHz 2 5MHz Figure 32 US Canadian Channels 36 919MHz 2 5MHz 37 917MHz 1 25MHz Australia 38 9 19MHz 1 25MHz 41 922MHz 5MHz 42 922MHz 10MHz 43 924MHz 5MHz 45 922MHz 2 5MHz 46 924MHz 2 5MHz 47 922MHz 1 25MHz 48 924MHz 1 25MHz Figure 33 Australian Channels 3 9 Advanced Radio Configuration Some of the more advanced radio settings have been moved from the normal Radio configuration page to the Advanced Radio Settings page to simplify
163. ructure Mode An 802 11 setting providing connectivity to an access point As compared to ad hoc mode whereby 802 11 devices communicate directly with each other clients set in Infrastructure Mode all pass data through a central access point The access point not only mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood but also provides communication with the wired network I O Input Output The term used to describe any operation program or device that transfers data to or from a computer Internet Appliance A computer that is intended primarily for Internet access is simple to set up and usually does not support installation of third party software These computers generally offer customized web browsing touch screen navigation e mail services entertainment and personal information management applications Internet Protocol IP is a set of rules used to send and receive messages across local networks and the Internet IP Telephony Technology that supports voice data and video transmission via IP based LANs WANs and the Internet This includes VoIP Voice over IP IP Address A 32 bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet An IP address has two parts an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device which can be a server or a workstation within that network 96 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources
164. s filter rule Enable Select this checkbox to enable the rule IP Address Min These fields set the range of IP addresses All addresses within the specified range IP Address Max are affected by the rule Port Min When the protocol is set to TCP or UDP this is the range of port addresses to which Port Max the rule applies When protocol is set to All or ICMP these settings have no effect Protocol This chooses the protocol to which the rule applies The rule can apply to Any protocol All or to only one of TCP UDP or ICMP Ping Save Changes Saves changes to non volatile memory reset is required to activate Save Changes and Saves to non volatile memory and restart to activate changes Reset ARP Filter Configuration Address Resolution Protocol ARP is a broadcast message and is primarily used for finding a MAC address when only its IP or some other Network Layer address is known On large networks you tend to get a high proportion of broadcast messages Using ARP filters is useful for reducing broadcast traffic on the wireless network by only allowing ARP requests for known units to pass or by blocking ARP requests for high use addresses Select Blacklist or A blacklist will block ARP requests that match the entry A whitelist will allow only Whitelist ARP requests that match the entry All other devices are blocked Add Entry Adds a row to the table of ARP address filter rules Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann
165. s only to ARP request packets typically these are broadcast packets sourced from the Ethernet interface and destined for the wireless interface ARP requests from devices on the wireless network will always be passed to the Ethernet interface ARP response packets will always be passed When configuring a whitelist it is important to add the addresses of all devices connected to the 945U E wired Ethernet port that communicate over the wireless link It is particularly important to add the address of the configuration PC to the whitelist Failure to add this address will prevent the configuration PC from making any further changes to configuration Design of the filter may be simplified by monitoring network traffic and forming a profile of traffic on the wired network Network analysis software such as the freely available Wireshark program will list broadcast traffic sent on the network In the example in Figure 60 device B needs to communicate with device E via modems C and D The filtering requires that at modem C has device B in its whitelist and modem D has device E in its whitelist With this filtering device A will be not be able to access device E because device A is not present in the whitelist in modem C 192 168 0 71 192 168 0 72 Access Point Bridge Le 4a Figure 60 Filtering Example A NOTE If an erroneous configuration has prevented all access to the module SETUP mode may be used to restore operation MAC A
166. sentially the same as the Channel Survey explained in the previous section except that the three channel utilizations can be turned on or off showing the different amount of traffic related data Percent Radio TX Any transmitted messages from the radio to other devices Percent Radio RX Any DSSS messages received by the radio basically any radio data from either ELPRO or competitor radios Percent Busy CCA Clear channel assessment CCA is the detection of any ongoing transmissions or or Noise noise for example from devices such as wireless I O 900 MHz FHSS cordless phones or RC devices By configuring the different chart options you can get a clear idea of the amount of data being transmitted and received and the amount of other noise that can be heard at the radio Configure what is to be logged on each chart select a time interval and save changes and the charts will then be displayed below the settings Click the button again to manually redraw the graphs Each graph will display a percent channel utilization using the selected criteria and time interval Seconds minutes or hours Example 1 In Figure 78 chart one shows the amount of data that is being transmitted over a radio link and chart two shows the amount of data being received from all sources interference and other noise Notice that there is very little outgoing data but you can see a constant stream of data being received fal ee Cai ito oe Folding d
167. ssmann com wirelessresources 75 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual the last 60 seconds every minute for the last 60 minutes and every hour for the last 60 hours The ELPRO 802 11 Ethernet modem utilizes a half duplex radio channel for communications At any given time an access point and its associated clients occupy a radio channel These radio channels or frequencies are license free and may contain interference from any number of other radio transmitters When installing or diagnosing a 945U E modem the potential capacity of a given radio channel will be reduced by the existence of these other RF signals on the same channel Channel utilization allows us to see how much RF activity is on a given channel as a percentage of the total utilization A channel that is very busy will have high channel utilization usually 50 or greater Conversely a channel that is quiet will have low channel utilization Channel Survey and Custom Survey can therefore be valuable tools to use when performing site surveys in order to determine the best RF channel to use It is also a valuable diagnostics tool for identifying the spare capacity on a given channel as well as possible sources of interference Channel Utilization on a Live System Channel utilization can be used on a live system to get an indication of how much spare capacity the channel has for additional data transfer To identify possible interferenc
168. st not be all zeros 00 00 00 00 00 WEP Configuration Authentication Mode Open Default WEP Key a2 WEP Key 1 01 00 12 1E 23 01 0D 12 1E 23 01 02 03 WEP Key 2 02 0E 13 1F 24 02 0E 13 1F 24 01 02 03 WEP Key 3 03 0F 14 19 25 03 0F 14 19 25 01 02 03 WEP Key 4 04 09 15 1A 26 04 09 15 1A 26 01 02 03 Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Figure 27 WEP Default WEP Key One of the four keys may be selected as the default key and is used to encrypt transmitted messages from the configured unit A 945U E can receive and decrypt a message from a module that has a different default key index as long as each module has the same key configured at the same index WEP Open Authentication Mode e Station sends an authentication request to the access point e Access point then authenticates the station e Station then associates with the access point and joins the network WEP Shares Authentication Mode e Station sends an authentication request to the access point e Access point then sends a text based message to the station e Station uses its own WEP key to encrypt the text based message and sends it back to the access point e Access point then decrypts the message using its on WEP key and if the key matches it authenticates the station e Station then associates with the access point and joins the network WPA WPA2 When WPA encryption is selected 128 bit encryption keys are internally generated based on the passphrase and s
169. t Network A bridge connects several Ethernet networks together and makes them appear as a single Ethernet network to higher protocol layers By default the 945U E is configured as a transparent bridge When a transparent bridge is started it learns the location of other devices by monitoring the source address of all incoming traffic Initially it forwards all traffic between the wired Ethernet port and the wireless port However by keeping a list of devices heard on each port the transparent bridge can decide which traffic must be forwarded between ports and will only transfer a message from the wired port to the wireless port if it is required A bridge will forward all broadcast traffic between the wired and wireless ports If the wired network is busy with broadcast traffic the radio network on the 945U E can be unnecessarily overburdened Use filtering to reduce broadcast traffic sent over the radio Refer to 3 18 Filtering for information on how to configure a filter By default a transparent bridge does not handle loops within the network There must be a single path to each device on the network Loops in the network will cause the same data to be continually passed around that loop Redundant wireless links may be set up by enabling the bridge Spanning Tree Protocol see 3 5 Spanning Tree Algorithm for details 34 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem am
170. t a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet For example when a webpage is downloaded from a Web server the TCP program layer in that server divides the file into packets numbers the packets and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer Although each packet has the same destination IP address it may get routed differently through the network At the other end TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as single message The underlying technology behind the Internet and communications between computers in a network The first part TCP is the transport part which matches the size of the messages on either end and guarantees that the correct message has been received The IP part is the user s computer address on a network Every computer in a TCP IP network has its own IP address that is either dynamically assigned at startup or permanently assigned All TCP IP messages contain the address of the destination network as well as the address of the destination station This enables TCP IP messages to be transmitted to multiple networks subnets within an organization or worldwide Voice Over Internet Protocol VoIP is a voice transmission using Internet Protocol to create digital packets distributed over the Internet VoIP can be less expensive than voice transmission using standard analog packets over POTS Plain Old Telephone Service Virtual pr
171. t instead focus the signal Rather than transmitting in every direction including the sky and ground antenna focus the signal either more horizontally or in one particular direction This gain is measured in decibels Bandwidth The maximum data transfer speed available to a user through a network Ad Hoc Network Collision Avoidance Client Sta Station Crossover Cable CSMA CA CSMA CD DHCP Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources A bridge connects two local area networks and is typically used to connect wireless networks to wired networks Bridges usually transfer messages between networks only when the message destination is on the other network Messages destined for the network on which they originated are not passed on to the other network This reduces traffic on the entire network A network node procedure for pro actively detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision with transmissions from other network nodes A device on a network that gains access to data information and other devices through a server access point A cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub Crossover cables may also be required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless gateway or access point The cable is wired so that the signals crossover connecting transmit signal on one side to receiver signals on the other Carrier sense multiple access collision a
172. tem units are adjacent Following installation the most common problem is poor communications caused by incorrectly installed antennas radio interference on the same channel or the radio path being inadequate If the radio path is a problem for example the path is too long or obstructed a higher performance antenna or a higher mounting point for the antenna may rectify the problem Alternatively use an intermediate 945U E module as a repeater The 945U E Installation Guide provides an installation drawing appropriate to most applications Further information is detailed below Each 945U E module should be effectively earthed via the GND terminal on the back of the module This is to ensure that the surge protection circuits inside are effective 2 1 Antenna Installation The 945U E module will operate reliably over large distances However the achievable distances will vary with the application radio model type and location of antennas the degree of radio interference and obstructions Such as buildings or trees to the radio path The maximum range achievable depends on the radio model the regulated RF power permitted in your country and whether you use separate transmit and receive antennas A 945U E 900 MHz with a single antenna 6 2 miles can be achieved in USA Canada 4W ERP and 10 km in Australia New Zealand 1W ERP To achieve the maximum transmission distance the antennas should be raised above intermediate obstructi
173. the configuration process Care should be taken when making changes to parameters on this page Advanced Radio Settings Tx Antenna Main Pot Only Rx Antenna Main Port Only DTIM Period AP Only 1 beacon intervals RTS Threshold 2346 bytes Fragmentation Threshold 2346 bytes Interference Mitigation E Bursting E Enable Iperf Server E Fixed Noise Floor 0 dBm Set to 0 for Dynamic Adjustment Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Figure 34 Advanced Radio Settings Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 37 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual TX Antenna Select which antenna port the module will transmit from Main Port Only Messages are transmitted from the main TX RX port The auxiliary port RX is disabled Both Diversity Both ports will be used to transmit but not at the same time It calculates the best port based on previous transmissions and MAC addressing NOTE Broadcast UDP transmission messages will initially toggle between the antenna ports and could result in every second message not being heard until the module learns which device can be reached through which antenna port amp Aux Port Only Messages will be transmitted via the auxiliary RX port only RX Antenna Same as for TX antenna above but for the receiver port Setting to Both Diversity will allow a high gain antenna to be connected to the auxiliary RX port
174. the standard Wi Fi operating modes Access Point or Station or a non standard Point to Point mode e Access point and station virtual modules allow for the possibility of dynamically created connections based on SSID and support WPA encryption A combined maximum of five access points and STA virtual modules can be configured per unit e Point to Point mode virtual modules provide static connections based on MAC addresses and cannot support WPA encryption Point to point virtual modules should only be used for establishing WDS connections with third party access points that do not support standard WDS operation WDS Connections The WDS Configuration page is accessible from the Repeaters link on any of the configuration webpages The configurable WDS parameters are summarized below Add Entry Button Add an entry to the WDS connections table This adds a virtual station to the device Delete Entry Button Delete the currently selected entry in the WDS connections table To select highlight a row click anywhere in the row Connection Mode Specify the connection mode for this link AP Downlink configures the connection as a virtual access point Sta Uplink configures the connection as a virtual client Point to point configures the connection as a fixed link Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 51 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual SSID MAC Address AP Mode
175. ther link will automatically start transferring the wireless data 30 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Access Point Bridge Client Bridge Access Point Bridge Figure 25 Spanning Tree Protocol The STP implemented is IEEE 802 1d compatible The algorithm forms a loop free network by blocking traffic between redundant links in the network These blocked links are placed in a standby condition and may be automatically enabled to repair the network if another link is lost The spanning tree algorithm maintains a single path between all nodes in a network by forming a tree like structure The bridge priority determines where the node sits in the tree A bridge configured with the lowest priority 0 will become the root node in the network and will direct traffic between each of its branches The root node is typically the unit that handles the majority of traffic in the network Buy default the 945U E is configured with a bridge priority of 32768 The intention is to reduce traffic that the 945U E must handle by placing it at the branch level in the network tree As a branch the 945U E need only pass traffic to devices that are its leaf nodes There is some overhead in maintaining a network utilizing the spanning tree algorithm Users wishing to increase their throughput at the expense of redundancy should disable Spanning Tree
176. tion between two Ethernet devices using 945U E Ethernet modems In this example one 945U E is configured as an Access Point and the other as a Client The Access Point can be connected Access E Point Client A Ethernet p Device Figure 2 Access Point and Client Example 1 Figure 3 shows an existing LAN being extended using 945U Es In this example the Access Point is configured at the LAN end although the wireless link will still work if the Client is at the LAN end Ethernet 2 amang Ethernet Device i Device Figure 3 Access Point and Client Example 2 An Access Point can connect to multiple Clients In this case the Access Point should be the central unit Access Point Client Figure 4 Repeater www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual An Access Point could be used as a repeater unit to connect two 945U E Clients that do not have direct reliable radio paths There is no special repeater module any 945U E can be a repeater and at the same time can be connected to an Ethernet devices or on a LAN Client Ethernet Devices Figure 5 Multiple Clients Multiple Access Points can be set up in a mesh network to provide multiple repeaters Access Access Access Point a r _ Point or Figure 6 Multiple Access Points Bridge vs Router Each 945U E is configured with o
177. top and get a visual indication of RSSI and throughput on the front panel LEDs This option will show the module configuration in XML format This file can be saved for future reference Any configuration XML files saved using the Read Configuration above can be loaded back into the module www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 83 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Firmware Upgrade This option is used for firmware upgrades Load the file using the Browse button When the file is found click Send to load the file into the module When completed click Reset Firmware upgrade can be executed locally or remotely via the radio System Log File Shows an event log of the modules operation Used for diagnosing problems The page can be saved and emailed to ELPRO if requested Clear System Log will clear the log file and start afresh Reset Resets the module Factory Default Loads the factory default configuration and resets the module Configuration amp CAUTION This will overwrite any current configuration 4 7 Testing Radio Paths Connection and Signal Strength The general the procedure for radio range testing a link is fairly simple Configure two units to form a link using automatic radio rates and install the access point at a fixed location Take a laptop computer and the client to each of the remote locations and analyze the link using the Connectivity webpage If a be
178. ttempt to boot until supply voltage is within range module fault or a long boot delay To check if the boot delay is the problem plug a terminal into the RS 232 serial port and configure for 115 200 baud 8 data no parity 4 1 Connectivity The Connectivity webpage displays connections and available networks The Connected Devices section displays the radio channel received signal strength and radio data rate for each client or access point by their MAC address The readings shown are based upon the last received data message from the access point or client Client stations also display a list of detected access points site survey including network name SSID channel and maximum data rate A NOTE When updating the Connectivity webpage it is necessary to hold down the CTRL key while clicking Refresh otherwise the information will not be updated 74 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Connected Devices wid ADDR AID CHAN RATE RSSI BGND CAPS D6 12 af 00 56 fe 1 24 54 00M 527 96 ESs Figure 72 Connected Devices Connectivity Parameters AID Association ID Every client receives a unique temporary ID from the access point CHAN The radio channel being used RATE Radio data rate RSSI Radio signal strength index amount of received signal strength BGND Background interference level in dBms The amount of internal
179. ttempt to establish a link with the access point that has the strongest radio signal Link Establishment Once a client identifies a suitable access point for link establishment it attempts to establish a link using a two step process authentication and association During authentication the client and access point check if their configurations permit them to establish a link Once the client has been authenticated it will request an association to establish a link Status of the wireless link is indicated via the TX LINK LED For an access point the TX LINK LED will be off as long as no links have been established Once one or more links have been established the TX LINK LED is on green For a client the Link LED will reflect the connection status to an access point Link status is also displayed on the Connectivity page of the Web interface After the link is established data may be transferred in both directions The access point will act as a master unit and will control the flow of data to the clients linked to it Clients can only transmit data to the access point to which they are connected When a client transfers data to another client it first transmits the data to the access point which then forwards the data to the destined client A maximum of 127 clients may be linked to an access point A NOTE The presence of a link does not mean that the connected unit is authorized to communicate over radio If the encryption keys are in
180. ult IP values If you are connecting to an existing LAN you need to change the IP addresses to match your LAN addresses 2 After configuring click Save to Flash and Reset Radio Data Rate and Channel will be set to Auto Radio Transmit Power will be set to maximum and any previous configuration of unrelated parameters will not be modified and will still apply Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 27 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual 3 4 Network Configuration You can view or modify Ethernet network parameters by selecting the Network menu When prompted for the username and password enter user as the username and user as the password This is the factory default setting To change the default username and password see 3 23 Module Information Configuration If you have forgotten the IP address or password the factory default switch may be used to access the existing configuration Refer to the previous section for more information Wireless Interface Operating Mode Access Point System Address ESSID Network Desired BSSID 00 00 00 00 00 00 Radio Encryption None Configure Encryption Settings on Security Page Device Mode Device Mode Bridge Bridge STP E Obtain IP Address Automatically C IF Address 192 168 0 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 0 1 Save Changes Save Changes and Reset Figure 24 Network
181. ust not be connected to earth The supply negative is connected to the unit case internally The DC supply may be a floating supply or negatively grounded B RS485 VY BA 7 3a Of SUPPLY V ft o f com Y DIO MODEM Figure 12 Power Supply Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual The power requirements of the 945U E unit are shown in the following table UU ava 2avae TX 100 mw 370 MA 190 mA TX 400 mW 410 mA 210 mA A ground terminal is provided on the back of the module This terminal should be connected to the main ground point of the installation in order to provide efficient surge protection for the module refer to the Installation diagram 2 3 Serial Connections RS232 Serial Port The serial port is a 9 pin DB9 female and provides for connection to a host device as well as a PC terminal for configuration field testing and factory testing Communication is via standard RS232 signals The 945U E is configured as DCE equipment with the pinouts described below Hardware handshaking using the CTS RTS lines is provided The CTS RTS lines may be used to reflect the status of the local unit s input buffer The 945U E does not support XON XOFF Example cable drawings for connection to a DTE host a PC or another DCE hosts or modem are detailed in Figure 13 DCE HOST MODEM DTE HOST DB9 DB9 DB9 FEMALE MALE
182. ution system WDS Refer to 3 16 Repeaters WDS for details Access Point Figure 71 Example of Repeaters Rev Version 2 15 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources 13 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual CHAPTER 4 DIAGNOSTICS 4 0 Diagnostics Chart LED Indicator Condition Meaning S Radio receiving data low signal strength Do feen Dotampwisgromde Do Reg Digital outputs aao O Do fo DifalQutputis OFF and mputis open cirout The green OK LED on the front panel indicates correct operation of the unit This LED turns red on failure as described above When the OK LED turns red shutdown state is indicated On processor failure or on failure during startup diagnostics the unit shuts down and remains in shutdown until the fault is rectified During module boot up the OK LED flashes red green until the boot sequence is complete Boot Status LED Indication During Startup The OK LED indicates the status of the module during the boot up process At power on the OK LED comes on red During kernel boot the OK LED flashes red green at a 1 Hz rate 1 2 second red 1 2 second green During module initialization the OK LED flashes red green at 0 5 Hz rate 1 second red 1 second green When initialization is complete the OK LED switches to green continuously If the OK LED remains red at power on this could indicate either low supply voltage the module will not a
183. ver When configured as server the module will wait for a TCP connection to be initiated by a remote client e Client When configured as client the module will automatically attempt to connect to a specified remote server using TCP e Multicast Group When configured as multicast group the module will broadcast data to all members of the same multicast group using UDP With the serial gateway server client and multicast functions it is possible for serial data from a 945U E to be transferred to any other 945U E serial ports including the corresponding port on the same 945U E Serial Gateway Modbus Modbus RTU to TCP When configured as Modbus the module will allow a serial Modbus RTU client master to connect with a single Ethernet Modbus TCP server slave With the Modbus function the serial data is encapsulated within a TCP IP data frame and made available on the Ethernet network Both 945U E serial ports and the hard wired Ethernet port can be configured to communicate completely separate data streams that can all be communicating at the same time Some of the possible serial gateway topologies are shown in Figure 35 40 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual Access Point RS232 RS232 RS232 Device Device Device RS232 RS232 4 P Server Client y Server Client Server Client Client Access Point
184. voidance is a listen before talk method of minimizing but not eliminating collisions caused by simultaneous transmission by multiple radios IEEE 802 11 states that a collision avoidance method rather than collision detection must be used because the standard employs half duplex radios which are capable of transmission or reception but not both simultaneously Unlike conventional wired Ethernet nodes a WLAN station cannot detect a collision while transmitting If a collision occurs the transmitting station will not receive an ACKnowledge packet from the intended receive station For this reason ACK packets have a higher priority than all other network traffic After completion of a data transmission the receive station will begin transmission of the ACK packet before any other node can begin transmitting a new data packet All other stations must wait a longer pseudo randomized period of time before transmitting If an ACK packet is not received the transmitting station will wait for a subsequent opportunity to retry transmission Carrier sense multiple access collision detection is the access method used on an Ethernet network A network device transmits data after detecting that a channel is available However if two devices transmit data simultaneously the sending devices detect a collision and retransmit after a random time delay Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a utility that enables a server to dynamically assign IP addr
185. when combined with the built in Modbus TCP to RTU gateway the 945U E can transfer I O to or from almost any combination of Modbus TCP or RTU devices The layout of the 945U E I O registers is summarized in the table below Each register is internally saved as a 16 unsigned integer value A Modbus transaction may access the entire 16 bit value of any register or alternatively the most significant bit of a register may be accessed as a discrete value The main use for the general purpose I O registers is for intermediate storage as when transferring I O from one Modbus slave device to another Also provided is the status of the onboard digital I O as well as the status of the wireless link and any serial or TCP connections An inverted status of registers 4300 4307 are also available and can be found at register locations 4370 4377 The status register will contain the value FFFF hexadecimal for On and 0000 hexadecimal for Off General purpose I O registers read write On board digital input value read only Link status read only Serial gateway connection status RS232 Serial gateway connection status RS485 TCP RTU connection status RS232 TCP RTU connection status RS485 TCP RTU number of connections RS232 TCP RTU number of connections RS485 TCP RTU Number of Connections Modbus Server On board digital output value read write On board digital input inverted value read only Link status read only inverte
186. y PSK WPA PSK TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol enhances WEP by using 128 bit encryption plus separate 64 bit TX and RX MIC message integrity check keys WPA PSK AES Advanced Encryption Standard uses the more advanced CCMP encryption protocol and is essentially a draft of the IEEE 802 11i wireless network standard This is the recommended encryption method for most applications WPA2 AES Advanced Encryption Standard is the most secure encryption method and is also based on 128 bit encryption key After changes are made to Network Configuration it is important to save the configuration by clicking Save Changes or by clicking Save Changes and Reset amp NOTE If making changes to a remote module via the radio link make sure all changes are compliant and accurate before clicking Save to Flash and Reset Some field changes may stop the radio link from working and will require a hard wire connection to restore Network Settings Webpage Fields Operating Mode Used to select Access Point Infrastructure Client Infrastructure By default this is set to Client System Address A 945U E wireless network comprises modules with the same system address ESSID Only modules with the same system address will communicate with each other The system address is a text string 1 31 characters long Select a text string that identifies your system Desired BSSID To force a client station to always connect to the same access point ent
187. y configuration of the 945U E is as follows e Client Bridge e IP address 192 168 0 1XX where XX is the last two digits of the serial number the default IP address is shown on the printed label on the back of the module e Netmask 255 255 255 0 e Username is user and the default password is user The 945U E will temporarily load some factory default settings if powered up with the factory default switch on the end plate of the module in the SETUP position When in SETUP mode wireless operation is disabled The previous configuration remains stored in non volatile memory and will only change if a configuration parameter is modified and the change saved A NOTE Remember to set the switch back to the RUN position and cycle power at the conclusion of configuration for resumption of normal operation Accessing Configuration for the First Time Because the default IP address of the 945U E is within the range 192 168 0 XXX the module may not connect to your network or PC There are two methods for accessing the configuration for the first time METHOD 1 Change your computer settings so that the configuring PC is on the same network as the 945U E with the factory default settings This is the preferred method and is much simpler than the second method You will need a straight through Ethernet cable between the PC Ethernet port and the 945U E The factory default Ethernet address for the 945U E is 192 168 0 1XX where XX
188. ystem address ESSID The passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters long and the passphrase must be the same for all 945U E units in the same system 32 www cooperbussmann com wirelessresources Rev Version 2 15 Cooper Bussmann 945U E Wireless Ethernet Modem amp Device Server User Manual For optimal security consider using a passphrase consisting of a combination of letters and numbers not just a simple word or phrase as well as upper and lowercase For example WiReLeSs TeChNoLoGy 2010 WPA Preshared Key Configuration WPA Passphrase WiReLeSs TeChNoLoGy 2010 save Changes Save Changes and Reset Figure 28 WPA WPA Enterprise Authenticator AP Configuration WPA Enterprise Authenticator Confiquration RADIUS Server IP Address 192 168 0 75 RADIUS Server Port 1812 RADIUS Server Shared Secret secret Supplicant Reauthenticate Period 3600 seconds Enable Debug E Figure 29 WPA Enterprise Authenticator RADIUS Server IP Connection information for the RADIUS authentication server Address Port shared secret Supplicant Sets the maximum time at which the Supplicant must re authenticate This parameter Reauthenticate determines maximum time a client will have access to the network after its user Period credentials have been revoked Enable Debug Must only be used during commissioning and only if requested by ELPRO technical support This must be disabled for normal operation Rev Version 2 15 www coo

Cooper Bussmann 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device

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Cooper Bussmann 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem &amp; Device

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Cooper Bussmann 945U-E Wireless Ethernet Modem & Device