GeoNames.org - Library Workflow Exchange
Contents
1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSIGNING GEOSPATIAL METADATA USING GeoNames org Developed by the Mountain West Digital Library Geospatial Discovery Task Force July 2015 This tutorial was developed as a result of work done by the Phase Three team members and committee co chairs in the Mountain West Digital Library Geospatial Discovery Task Force and relied heavily on work done by the member of the previous two phases To see the documentation for previous work created by the task force please see https sites google com site mwdlgeospatial For questions or comments please contact one of the co chairs listed below Co Chairs Kristen Jensen Utah Department of Heritage and Arts kjensen Qutah gov Liz Woolcott Utah State University liz woolcott O usu edu Phase Three Team Members Anna Neatrour Mountain West Digital Library Catherine McIntyre Utah Valley University Library Greta Bahnemann Minnesota Digital Library Jeremy Myntti University of Utah Marriott Library Ken Rockwell University of Utah Marriott Library Rachel Wittmann Clemson University Library Ray Matthews Utah State Library Sandra Mcintyre Mountain West Digital Library Scott Eldredge Brigham Young University Harold B Lee Library Silvia Southwick University of Nevada Las Vegas Libraries This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3 0 United States License It may be copied distributed transmitted or adapted by others with proper attributi2. Maricopa County Arizona United States This is the minimal accepted format We highly encourage the usage of URIs in addition to this place name hierarchy using only commas to separate the hierarchy and the URI The format for adding the URI to the place name information is to begin with the place name hierarchy followed by a comma and then add the URI at the end with a terminating slash Example Phoenix Maricopa County Arizona United States http sws geonames org 5308655 Please note that the URI should be given in the format of sws geonames org which reflects the GeoNames RDF webservice and is preferred over the general URL which starts with www geonames org For more detail please see https geonames wordpress com 20006 10 21 semantic web concept vs document Including the GeoNames URI for the place provides a number of advantages for place names data moving forward 1 DPLA will be able to generate more precise locations for your digital objects on its map interface at http dp la map 2 Both MWDL and DPLA will have a foundation for future developments with Linked Data MWDL prefers a hierarchy going in order from smallest to largest place Example Phoenix Maricopa County Arizona United States http sws geonames org 5308655 If you prefer to go in order from largest place to smallest place that is also acceptable to DPLA Example United States Nevada Mineral County Aurora historical http sws g
3. T AM aK Er L E P a amc OU MIQILUUC W 109 36 15 ra i j LI Bisbee Douglas International Airport United airport N 31 28 8 d 9 DUG KDUG States elevation 1256m Arizona Corhise County z Bisbee Municipal Airport 3 United airport N31 22 15 Wi09 53 6 9 ESQ States elevation 1456m Arizona Cochise County 3 Bisbee W United seat of a second order N 31 53 W 1059 55 42 E RE S A srl H BSQ Bisbi Bizbi bi si bi bijeubi bisbi bysby States administrative division aryzwna busbu Bacbu Bicbi lia o mu Et Mane A Arizona population 5 575 elevation Cochise 1588m County The third entry down is the town we are looking for Click on the P icon for place to the left of the place name to view the place on a map and geta variety of options for Bisbee data including the ability to download the rdf kml etc 79 Bisbee 1688 m P PPLA2 seat of a second order administrative division United States gt Arizona Cochise County 92 population 5575 31 44815 109 92841 N31 26 53 W 10995542 hh BW BR IE geotee kmi rdf spring Canyon m E kaj b F L E CU tar YT Ti 4 Es rel or Gi WSO The MWDL preferred format for GeoNames information is to list the geographic hierarchy in order from smallest place to largest Include the unique identifying number for the place in this case 5284905 by appending it to the base URL http sws geonames org along with a terminating slash like
4. and trails Example Trail Feature Class R Feature Code TRL Metadata Entry Echo Canyon Trail Washington County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5538780 Pd Echo Canyon Trail 1727 m DE rai 5538780 United States 5 Utah 4 Washington County 12 92133 N 3771643 W 112 5517 geotree kml 18 S SPOT BUILDING FARM This is one of the broadest feature classes and it includes individual buildings such as administrative and agricultural facilities as well as airfields and airports athletic fields banks bridges boatyards bus stations logging camps castles cemeteries universities museums libraries zoos theaters stadiums and post offices and many more Example Arch Feature Class S Feature Code ARCH Metadata Entry Delicate Arch Grand County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5538068 3 Delicate Arch 1404 m ga lut E HP arch United States Utah Grand County 36 42 76 109 45401 N 3894434 W 109 29 38 cb f h a geotree kml rdf 19 T MOUNTAIN HILL ROCK includes natural features such as mountains and hills as well as beaches canyons islands peninsulas points valleys volcanoes etc Example Valley Canyon Feature Class T Feature Code VAL Metadata Entry Emigration Canyon Salt Lake County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5774500 7 Emigration Canyon 1503 m X valley United States Utah T Salt
5. sws geonames org 5308655 Aurora historical Mineral County Nevada United States http sws geonames org 5499519 If you include latitude and longitude use decimal degrees Place latitude first Separate latitude and longitude with a comma Do not use directional letters e g N N O Example 33 44838 112 07404 Examples of alternate formats for place names information 1 URI only http sws geonames org 5499519 Place names only Aurora historical Mineral County Nevada United States 3 Latitude longitude only 38 28714 118 9007 4 Latitude longitude and place name Aurora historical Mineral County Nevada United States 38 28714 118 9007 5 All three place name URI latitude longitude Aurora historical Mineral County Nevada United States sws geonames org 5499519 38 28714 118 9007 Choose a style for your place names metadata and be consistent within each collection Consistency within a repository is highly desirable but may not be practical given legacy data C Non recommended formats Street Addresses GeoNames does not contain lookup information for individual street addresses Currently DPLA has no way to ingest street address information Therefore it is recommended that MWDL partners not include street address information in the dcterms spatial field MWDL partners can still include street address information in their metadata but it is recommended that they leave i
6. Lake County 40 7505 111 81104 N 404502 W 111248 40 6 e DB X SS geotree kml vi bh i Rz kor ri iu Fi Thislis UAE E Heritage Parke 1 F LI la WE n vy side VK AVE ES e Fr n pect on Ki LR am vorne 20 U UNDERSEA includes undersea features such as canyons continental rises ridges fracture zones gaps etc Example Gap Feature Class U Feature Code GAPU Metadata Entry Romanche Gap http sws geonames org 2522553 Romanche Gap amp BW Xx SS geociree kml rdt V FOREST HEATH includes forests and heaths as well as grasslands palm groves meadows tundras vineyards etc Example Forest Feature Class V Feature Code FRST Metadata Entry Floodwood State Forest Shoshone County Idaho United States http sws geonames org 5593277 WW Floodwood State Forest 1338 m SE EE United States Idaho 7 Shoshone County A6 35824 115 88432 N46 5730 W 11595304 h BS BM EB gectree km erat VII Adding Locations to GeoNames A Adding Individual Locations There are two ways to add a single location to GeoNames org Below are instructions on how to add locations in both ways Please note you must be logged into GeoNames org in order to add locations As a shortcut doing a ctrl F function in the master list of location classes and codes can be quicker than using the dropdown menus in the user interface 1 Addi
7. URI http id loc gov authorities names n79027224 25 S About Browse Download API Help Paris Mount Everest New York 5815135 Washington 9 Feature sh Hierarchy History We Tags code ko am th hak link link link ang yo lang Korean Amharic Thai Spanish Gallegan French English Hakka Chinese link to website link to website link to website Old English ca 450 1100 Yoruba alternate name Aga PRI KEE Estado de Washington Estado de Washington tat de Washington Evergreen State Fa sun tun http en wikipedia org wiki Washington_ 28state http id loc gov authorities names n79027224 http ru wikipedia org wiki 96D09692 96D096B096D 1968896 Hwaesingat n Ipini Washington c action 5 2E E l ae 3 Cranbrook 26
8. filtered for duplications and consistency then the time to complete the insert will be much faster Best Marc Le Geonames 8 profite 8 pm G3 www E postreply Forum Index gt FAQ frequently asked questions 24 VIII Searching on Library of Congress Identifiers in GeoNames Stanford University Libraries has started recording terms from GeoNames and LC as well as the corresponding identifies into a csv file here https github com geoblacklight geoblacklight schema blob master lib geoblacklight gazetteer CSV While not all LC entries have a matching GeoNames entry it is possible to search on an LC identifier in GeoNames For example taking the identifer for the LC subject term for Washington State http id loc gov authorities names n79027224 html which is n79027224 If you search on n79027224 in the GeoNames search box you will get the location record for Washington State IX Adding Library of Congress URIs to GeoNames In the below figure there is a record for Washington State To add the LC ID click the Alternate names icon between the X and geotree first order administrative division d United States 5 Washington Wi Seg population 6271775 TA 47 50012 120 50147 N 47 30 00 W 120 30 05 5 Ak i geotree kml rdf The below figure shows all of the alternate names for Washington State Click the A sign in that list choose the code link and insert the corresponding LC
9. this Bisbee Cochise County Arizona United States http sws geonames org 5284905 V Reading and Understanding a GeoNames Record Snellman Island 426 Minnesota d 7132037 Iu Elo vos x lj re Bes ed LI its A sland Burntside Islands SNA Snellman Island Feature name Feature Class Example T MOUNTAIN HILL ROCK Feature Code Example ISL Island GeoNames ID Number unique numeric identification code for every GeoNames entry Clicking on the ID Number will generate a permanent link to this record the GeoNames URI Note the URI contains the ID number 10 Example http www geonames org 5047733 snellman isl and html Geographic hierarchy Country State County Latitude Longitude expressed in Decimal Degrees using the WGS 84 coordinate system Latitude Longitude expressed in Degrees Minutes Seconds Adjust your location move your cursor Update or edit the record Display the geographic administrative hierarchy including Parents and Children Display the history of the record including the date the record was last updated or edited Private tags Note you must be logged in to add private tags to a record Delete Alternate names lists any alternate names or name variations with the names categorized as preferred short historical and colloquial 11 Display geotree hierarchy displays the full range of named features within the context of fea
10. eonames org 5499519 DO NOT enter semicolons to separate the parts of the place names hierarchy Negative Example United States Nevada Mineral County Aurora historical http sws geonames org 5499519 While metadata entered in the format of this negative example may assist with faceting in a local CONTENTdm collection it will prevent precise processing of the place names information in the harvested environment Use semicolons only when separating the data for two or more distinct places not within the data for a single place B Additional Acceptable Formats A GeoNames derived place names hierarchy followed by a URI is the strongly recommended option However the metadata and geospatial needs of local collections may require different values The following are alternate options for entering place names and geospatial information that are acceptable in situations dependent on the specific needs of a local collection When creating your place names information remember Q Use GeoNames as your controlled vocabulary DO NOT place semicolons within a single string of a geospatial entity O Negative example Phoenix Maricopa County Arizona United States http sws geonames org 5308655 O Negative example Phoenix Maricopa County Arizona United States http sws geonames org 5308655 DO place semicolons between different geospatial entities in the same field Example Phoenix Maricopa County Arizona United States
11. location such as an urban building or landmark has undergone a major change so that it has changed both its name and its feature type An example is the building in downtown Salt Lake City opened as the Hotel Utah in 1911 It closed as a hotel in 1987 and was remodelled and repurposed as an office building for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints It was renamed the Joseph Smith Memorial Building One could create a record for the building under its modern name with an Alternative name The problem is that one cannot change the Class and Feature types In this case the class remains the same S spot building farm but the current code is BLDO office building whereas it was previously a hotel HTL To get around this one may create a separate location entry in Geonames for the same location following its name with the word historical in parentheses This separate record could then be used for resources that deal with the former identity such as old photographs of the Hotel Utah 23 Similarly if a name currently in the Geonames database is obsolete one can add historical to its name and create a new Geonames entry with the updated name and proper identity code But locations that have only undergone name changes such as a restaurant that changes its name under new ownership but remains a restaurant could be treated by a single entry with the current name as main identity and previous names listed as alternatives with the
12. n reservations and tribal areas nature reserves wildlife reserves historical regions military bases and battlefields arctic lands etc Example Park Feature Class L Feature Code PRK Metadata Entry Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge Bear Lake County Idaho United States http sws geonames org 5585007 9 Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge 1207 m United States 3 Idaho D Bear Lake County 99 4 1660 7 111 3168 7 N 42 09 58 W 111 19 D P f h R geotree kml 16 P CITY and VILLAGE includes a city town village or agglomeration of buildings where people live and work including destroyed populated places Example City Feature Class P Feature Code PPLA Metadata Entry Salt Lake City Salt Lake County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5780993 a P E a 1 lme zm 19 Salt Lake City 1299 m x p Lungsod ng Salt Lake SLC Sallaga Urbo Salt Lake Ceety Salt L P PPLA seat of a first order administrative division 5780993 M United States 5 Utah UT Salt Lake County H population 186440 M 40 76078 111 89105 N 40 45 39 W 111 53 28 Pg h WW x S geotee kmi rdf tll BJ i mati M LE J C Pd 17 R ROAD and RAILROAD includes both road and railroads and associated rail terms such as railroad junctions abandoned railroads railroad yards Also includes oil pipelines tunnels stock routes as well as portages ancient roads
13. nformation using screenshots and covers the following topics Q Information window Q Edit GeoNames basic information Q Move point Q Edit alternate names Add a new place name to the GeoNames database GeoNames Web Services Documentation http www geonames org export web services html 13 A COUNTRY STATE REGION includes the primary division of a country such as an individual state in the United States or a province in Canada Also includes leased areas political entities parish territories and zones Example State Feature Class A Feature Code ADM1 Metadata Entry Idaho United States http sws geonames org 5596512 19 Idaho 1681 m D LITI first order administrative division 5596512 United States Idaho population 1416564 44 5002 114 25118 N 44 30 01 W 114 15 04 geotree kml cdi 14 H STREAMS and LAKES includes water bodies such as oceans lakes marshes coral reefs and streams as well as bays banks anchorages canals aqueducts docks docking basins ditches tidal creeks reefs etc Example Lake Feature Class H Feature Code LK Metadata Entry Fish Lake Sevier County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5539176 Fish Lake 2697 m X 00 United States Utah T Sevier County 38 548089 111 70935 N38 3253 W111 4235 A BW wv E oectree kml rdf 15 L PARKS and AREAS includes city and state parks Native America
14. ng a location record based on by finding the exact location on the map Simply perform a search on the location from the Geonames homepage Then find the exact spot on the map of the location that you would like to add and right click on the map and select Insert new name here The pop up record will automatically fill in the latitude and longitude the user then fills out the rest of the record Name class code elevation timezone etc The following is a video tutorial on how to add a location in this manner https youtube hl7vLyONWZKk 2 Adding a location record with the latitude and longitude Perhaps you are unable to find an exact location on the GeoNames map interface due to ambiguous location data Sometimes it is easier to find the exact latitude and longitude via Google Maps than to pinpoint the exact spot in GeoNames In order to add a location to GeoNames with latitude and longitude you will perform a search on GeoNames org for the broad place name your location might be in When performing this search click show on map in the main query box From here you then select the icon to add a new location on the left pane then click on the gps which will allow you to add latitude and longitude and then proceed to fill out the remainder of the record The following is a video tutorial on how to add a location in this manner https youtu be 9ZGGUDFmdTo 3 Treatment of places that have changed their identity over time Suppose a
15. on To view a copy of this license visit http creativecommons org licenses by 3 0 us or send a letter to Creative Commons 171 Second Street Suite 300 San Francisco California 94105 USA Table of Contents PART ONE Specifications for Mountain West Digital Library Introduction PART TWO General Information about GeoNames IV Find Your Record in IS EIERE V Reading and Understanding a GeoNames RE CONG ca TS VI GeoNames Examples by Feature Classes and Codes 12 22 22 23 VIII Searching on Library of Congress Identifiers in GeoNames 24 IX Adding Library of Congress URIs to GeoNames 24 I Introduction The Mountain West Digital Library Geospatial Task Force has selected the GeoNames geographical database http www geonames org as its preferred controlled vocabulary source of place names information after an extensive review process Details about the work and decision making process of the Task Force and the final version of this document is available at https sites google com site mwdlgeospatial Il GeoNames Benefits Using GeoNames offers a number of advantages to the MWDL community Linked Data ready Supports both current and historic place names Supports description of geographic features Supports geographic hierarchy for more granular descriptions Users with local geographic expertise can contribute place names to the database Place names are available in different languages In
16. t in an unmapped field For partners who wish to record street address information there are a number of options to consider Q You may wish to look up the latitude and longitude for your street address and include that in your mapped metadata Q You can include street addresses in an additional unmapped field in your collection for local use Q Refer to the Historic Place record as some of these records include the street address as part of the record example The White House Q You might use the most specific available GeoNames record even though it doesn t get to the exact location of the street address Salt Lake City Salt Lake County Utah United States http sws geonames org 5780993 If you have notable local locations with street addresses consider updating GeoNames with information to reflect the places represented in your collection For information on adding new content or editing existing GeoNames content please see Section VIII Instructions on Adding Locations to GeoNames in this document IV Find Your Record in GeoNames Here are some examples of GeoNames vocabulary for a variety of scenarios you might encounter when adding descriptive metadata to items in your digital library There is a great deal of documentation available on using GeoNames for example the GeoNames User Manual and the GeoNames Web Services Documentation Search for the location in this example Bisbee Arizona 1 cio t gi gm rS d
17. ternational locations are included Includes built in links to additional information Disambiguates similar sounding locations Includes inheritance of entities can retrieve parent children and contains lll Mountain West Digital Library Recommendations When describing place names in your collection to be harvested by MWDL we strongly recommend that your local place names field s be mapped to dcterms spatial Mapping to dcterms spatial allows the geospatial information associated with your collection to be included in MWDL and DPLA For more information about mapping requirements please review the DPLA Metadata Application Profile and the MWDL Dublin Core Application Profile This will also require that the metadata for your repository be provided via Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting OAI PMH as qualified Dublin Core If you are describing an item with multiple place names for example a letter mailed from one location to another place a semicolon between the set of place names and or URIs that apply to each individual location This will ensure that distinct locations will be identified and represented accurately when MWDL provides data to DPLA A Recommended Format We strongly recommend the following format for best results for geospatial metadata in the harvested environment Place names presented in a hierarchical structure from smallest to largest separated by commas Example Phoenix
18. ture class and code Google Earth expression of information about the feature Semantic web expression of information about the feature 12 Vl GeoNames Examples by Feature Classes and Codes All GeoNames features are categorized into one of nine Feature Classes These nine Feature Classes describe different types of places Each feature class is denoted by a single letter of the alphabet In these instructions we have provided both definitions and examples of the 9 Feature Classes as well as some representative examples of Feature Codes that correspond to each class These examples illustrate a variety of scenarios that you may encounter when adding descriptive metadata to items in your digital library 9 FEATURE CLASSES A COUNTRY STATE REGION H STREAMS and LAKES L PARKS and AREAS P CITY and VILLAGE R ROAD and RAILROAD S SPOT BUILDING FARM T MOUNTAIN HILL ROCK U UNDERSEA V FOREST HEATH These 9 Feature Classes are further subcategorized into one of 645 Feature Codes Feature Codes describe things at a more granular level The Feature Code is expressed by a unique alpha numeric 2 3 or 4 digit sequence For a complete list of the 645 Feature Codes please refer to the following list GeoNames Feature Codes http www geonames org export codes html GeoNames User Manual http www geonames org manual html This is the user manual developed and maintained by GeoNames The manual presents i
19. word historical following B Batch Uploading Multiple Locations While official documentation on batch uploading locations in the manual is scant the forum indicates it is possible There are several messages similar to the below that batches can be sent to Marc at GeoNames GeoNames Home Postal Codes Download Webservice About GeoNames Forum A Search IB Recent Topics 3 Back to home page E My Profile DMy Bookmarks I New Private Messages 2 9 Logout fopenparksnetwork adding locations E postreply Forum Index gt FAQ frequently asked questions Bookmark it 13 02 2010 00 26 20 Subject adding locations cmarien Hi Marc Could you run me through the process to add a location that is not currently in Geonames What format do you need the lat long in Joined 08 12 2009 Thanks Chlo 8 pm 14 02 2010 14 23 10 Subject Re adding locations You can manually add location with your web browser Joined 08 12 2005 http www geonames org manual htm 07 33 47 LA 37 1 e R cet 3703 If you have a lot of data to insert you can send me a csv file with the information the following fields are required name lat Ing country featurecode featuredass The more info population elevation adm codes the better I can then add it to the database as a batch process The time to do this depends also on how easy it is for me to check the quality to avoid duplications etc The better the input file already
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search