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GeoBasis - Zackenberg Research Station

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1. 93 5 Record the voltage of the batteries before the power cable from the power outlet is connected Power is supplied from the generator at the Research Station where a power cable runs all the way to MM1 and further on to the Methane station There are 4 power outlets along the way Remember to switch on all power outlets between the site and the Research station Notice On is marked by orange and Off is marked by green On each outlet there are 4 plugs only plug 1 and 4 are powered see fig 10 4 6 From the power outlet 220 V is directed into the transformer converter box Fig 10 3 Power is converted from 220 V to 12 V which is used to charge the batteries in the battery box Another set of cables sends 12 V to a transformer that converts 12 V back to 220 V which is the voltage used to run the instruments at this site Only the external pump use 12 V a transformer is placed in front of the pump inside the enclosure If the generator at the station is closed down the batteries should be able to keep the station running for 2 days y x To analyzer box To battery box i OO eo Fig 10 3 A look inside the enclosure with the Licor7000 connected the eddy mast and the Nitrogen gas on the left side of the enclosure left A look inside the transformer box right 7 Mount the LiCor 7000 and the computer and all the cables from the anemometer in the enclosure Follow the separate installation instructions in the blac
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4. 8264597 8264586 8264019 8268241 8264868 8273009 8269851 8265562 8265544 8265542 8268706 8268914 8269019 8268599 8266854 8268002 Easting mE 513365 513349 513016 513016 512323 512713 515917 516936 509964 513068 512168 512171 512171 512195 511090 509105 518023 512654 512978 510992 513415 513420 513267 513283 513400 513380 513388 513377 513382 513389 512606 512627 512613 512622 513058 516124 513382 507453 504500 513271 513271 513277 511750 511756 511848 512345 512460 512400 Elev m a s l Marking 45 45 10 10 20 23 400 820 259 11 29 25 23 16 85 129 965 14 35 477 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 14 14 14 14 17 420 45 1278 145 35 Teflon lines Teflon lines Teflon lines Teflon lines Stone cairn Cancelled Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Cancelled Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Stone cairn Cancelled Stone cairn Stone cairn Black painted double tripod Monitoring site Rylekeer Torvekeer ZEROCALN 1 ZEROCALM 2 Diver Pressure transducer Lindeman Barodiver Lindeman Ice vedge growth Salt marsh accretion Sulifluction lobes Wind abrasion Fix points ZERO line RS7 RS8 1NW 1NE 1SE 1SW 2NW 2NE 2SE 2SW Di1 Ba2 IW1 IW2 IW3 SM SF 3 SF 2 SF 1 WA FIX A F3 DPC Z001 DPC Z004 DPC Z007 642 2009 1 642 2009 0
5. Charlotte Sigsgaard and Kirstine Skov Magnus Lund Mikkel P Tamstorf Birger Ulf Hansen Maria Rask Mylius and Charlotte Sigsgaard GeoBasis Front cover illustration Automatic cameras on Nansen Blokken View towards South East Picture taken on 3 May 2013 by Maria Rask Mylius add ad gee U ek d O Mea te igi REN Als etc HEER te Wega AN RAN arn per tr MD SER cE SE RASERET OO AEN OATS Pe re PR ATE cote Wt eg APN On Lar erie Pe Seer Om RE 1 1 1 The GeoBasis programme ssssessssessssessssesesssossssoesseoessesesssoesoscesososcssseossoessssecssseossososssesseseoseseseese 1 1 2 The GedB sis database sicsisscrsasiencsitedateeaneacsicacadsinvsaelseoietideceinusavecotuaesacesasds NEDRE 1 LE LAK snoa a eee eee enden 1 LA Fjeld season penod arns a a a DE a a 1 1 5 Getting around In the ar asosorsseaisi ennan ra a a a esos a a Eaa ETa 1 L6 Safety oonan a a a a a coves a a caves EO aE 2 1 7 GEOBASIS staff sorina aeiae a O ET a AIS TESTO 2 1 8 Scientific consUultants sessionen inian E a N E a a cares E E 2 1 9 Dally Journalen oraaa a a aa a a a Ea ETENN 4 2 Climate and SNOW MOMITOMING sssescecaseswiateisdacaesicsuesiesvectesscetecedeaslevpacs EA Ea A ENOTE 5 2 1 Automatic snow depth and meteorological monitoring sesessesessesessssesseoesssoesssoecssoesssoessssesseseo 5 2 1 1 Automatic Meteorological and snow depth measurements M2 M3 st 644 M7 M8 0008 5 2 1 2 Manual snow depth measurementsS s ssesessesessscessss
6. Field charts not included APP 3 Instrumentation of installations APP 4 GPS positions APP 5 DOY calendar APP 6 Chemical analysis not included APP 7 Zack Valley Map Place names APP 8 Zack Valley Map Zones APP 9 Zack Area Map GEOBASIS APPENDIX 3 Instrumentation of GeoBasis installations Table 1 Micrometeorological station M2 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Battery Volt 12 V 7 2 Ah Panasonic 30 min Program signal 30 min InternallTemp C 30 min Panel Temp C 30 min Gust m sec Windvane A100R Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Wind Speed m sec Windvane A100R Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Wind Direction 3 Windvane W200P Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Wind Direction St Dev Windvane W200P Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Rel Hum Temp and Rel hum probe MP103A Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Air Temperature C Temp and Rel hum probe MP103A Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 0 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 10 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 30 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 60 cm 6 hour Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 10 cm 6 hour Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 30 cm 6 hour Snow Depth
7. Peg of driftwood Wooden peg inner barrier Wooden peg outer barrier Yellow peg Photo point Iron peg on gravel plateau Peg of driftwood Iron peg on beach ramp Yellow peg Photo point Wooden peg red top Wooden peg red top Wooden peg red top Wooden peg red top Green metal pegs Green metal pegs Green metal pegs Green metal pegs Waterproof box Waterproof box Waterproof box Waterproof box Waterproof box Monitoring site TinyTag Nansenblokken Micrometeorological station Eddy Mast Micrometeorological station Flux mast Tent Instruments Climate station Snow mast Open precipitation gauge TDR station East West Hydrometric station Big rock western bank Barrels eastern bank Stage level Snow and micromet stations In ZC 2 Aucella Soil MicroMet Dombjerg AWS St 647 Store S dal AWS Methane site Chamber 1 Chamber 6 Tributaries St Sedal Lindeman Palnatoke NW Palnatoke S Aucella S Aucella N K2 K3 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 S1 S2 S3 S4 T1 T2 T3 V1 v2 T4 MM1 MM2 st 644 st 640 st 641 st 642 M2 M3 M4 M6 M7 M5 RS1 RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 RS6 Northing mN 8264760 8264753 8263950 8263950 8263454 8264257 8268224 8269597 8267457 8263921 8264605 8264593 8264588 8264493 8268397 8269215 8269902 8264548 8264538 8265315 8264893 8264887 8265810 8265817 8264700 8264774 8264751 8264747 8264743 8264738 8264588 8264601
8. folding rule to be able to calibrate the downloaded data Take photos of the mast and surroundings to see the snow cover or vegetation below the sensors Undo the top and bottom screws on the white enclosure mounted on the mast and open it Connect the cable from the storage module to the data logger from the CS 1 0 port Connect the Campbell Scientific serial cable to the data logger CS I O and to the computer COM port Record date and time for offloading in the logbook Turn on the computer and choose the Campbell software program Loggernet From the main menu choose Connect Specify station or data logger type in the upper left corner under station list and press connect Compare data logger time and actual time shown in the upper right corner Record any drift and synchronize the clock if necessary Before synchronizing Make sure date and time on the computer is right Write a file name after the principle xxYYMMDD xx M4 YY year MM month and DD day Under Manual collection choose Collect or Collect all 10 12 After data retrieval press Disconnect Remove the communication cable and re insert the cable from SM4M Close the white box Please remember that M4 data logger only holds up to one month of data For longer periods the storage module must be offloaded Maintenance Check battery status on the storage module Batteries in storage modules should be changed every 5th yea
9. 114 11 1 SIGMA 2 Passive sample russis a A A N 114 12 Geomorphological monitoring sessssesessesessssessesesssoesssoesssoesssoesssoecssseosssessssessssesssssossssosessoseososeee 116 12 1 C 3stal dynam acesa a a a A aesooresaeraeies 116 12 1 1 Coastal chiff receSsi ti ronnie 116 12 1 2 Topographic changes at beach profiles scsscscscsecscsceccccccscsccccccscsccccccscscescccscscesescecces 118 12 1 3 Topographic measurements in the Zackenberg river s ssssesessesessesessesesseoessesessssessssessesese 120 12 1 4 Detailed mapping of the coastline by DGPS ssessssesessesessesessesesseosssesesosossseoessssesssosesesese 122 1 Introduction 1 1 The GeoBasis programme GeoBasis is a sub programme of the environmental monitoring programme in Zackenberg Zackenberg Basic and is funded by the Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy The primary objective of the GeoBasis monitoring programme is to establish baseline knowledge on the dynamics of fundamental physical parameters within a High Arctic environment High Arctic landscapes are extremely vulnerable to even small changes in physical conditions and therefore they are sensitive indicators for environmental changes GeoBasis collect data of hydrological and terrestrial variables including 1 Snow ice and permafrost 2 River water discharge and chemistry 3 Precipitation and soil water chemistry 4 Gas fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane and 5 Geomorphology Collec
10. 206 207 208 vex ae es a Te ee FE RACAR E n 112 118 114 115 116 f 147 ne io 120 f 121 on EE E EE Notice Check that there is consistency for each point and that the active layer increases or stays the same during the summer Decrease of depth is only possible when freeze back of the active layer starts A sudden lower active layer depth could mean that you hit a stone If the measurement is not performed at the exact same spot every time the surface topography can cause some variation in depth Finally this method is not always useful in very dry soil where you can somehow work the steel probe through the upper part of the permafrost Input of data into international database By the end of the season data are reported to CALM Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring programme under ITEX International Tundra Experiment and IPA International Permafrost Association Send the data in Excel worksheet to strelets gwu edu for archiving Contact CALM III 2009 2014 Nikolay I Shiklomanov Homepage for CALM Department of Geography www gwu edu calm University of Delaware Newark DE USA 19716 Shiklom udel edu Contact for input to CALM database Dimitry A Streletskiy Assistant professor Geography Department George Washington University 1922 F St N W 217 Washington DC 20052 strelets gwu edu 42 5 Temperature in snow ground air and water 5
11. 7 buffer 2 Thoroughly rinse the electrode in de ionized water 3 Notice If an alkalinity test is made right after the pH measurement the amount of water used for the pH analysis must be known 4 Pour 50 ml of unfiltered water into a 100 ml beaker Use the analytical balance and record the exact weight of the water in the field chart 5 Insert the probe into the unfiltered sample shake gently to remove any trapped air bubbles and wait for the readings to stabilize the probe takes time to equilibrate depending on the ionic strength of the solution it may take several minutes 6 Record the pH value and temperature of the water sample If you want to measure alkalinity proceed from here to the next section and start titration on this water sample 7 Always store the electrode in a storage solution see operation manual for recommended storage solution and keep it wet Never store the electrode in de ionized water or leave it dry 8 3 Alkalinity measurement Alkalinity must be measured within 36 hours in an unfiltered subsample Alkalinity is measured in the laboratory by titration of a subsample using HCI If alkalinity is not measured the same day as the sample has been taken then store the sample in the fridge 1 Pour 50 ml of unfiltered water in a 100 ml beaker Use the analytical balance for this purpose and record the exact weight of the water in the field chart 2 Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and add a m
12. Adjacent to the automatic chamber nr 6 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs When the box melts free of snow the logger should be offloaded batteries changed and the logging interval changed to every 5 minutes Subject Active layer temperature UTM 8265542 mN 513277 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 30 cm Operation period 2010 Methane Adjacent to the boardwalk between automatic chamber nr 3 and 4 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs When the box melts free of snow the logger should be offloaded batteries changed and the logging interval changed to every 5 minutes Subject Active layer temperature Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 15 cm Operation period 2007 Frequency of sampling As soon as the box is free of snow it must be checked if the logger works A single green light that flashes at steady intervals indicates that the TinyTag is still logging For all tiny tags except the once at the automatic chamber site see chapter 10 3 are recording the temperature every hour At the automatic chamber site the logging interval is every hour during winter but every gth 46 minute during summer Data is offloaded once a year except for at the automatic chamber site where data are offloaded as soon as possible after winter and once again before the station is left in the fall Logging interval is set when
13. Elevation 40 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 and 30 cm Operation period 2003 Fig 9 4 Location of Sal 2 Looking east Red arrows point at soil water installations 82 Lysimeter suction probes is installed at 5 10 30 cm Dry 1 Dry 1 is located at a typical dry heath site dominated by dryas vegetation The site is installed approximately 15 m downstream from the BioBasis plot Dry 3 which is found near Kerelven west of the climate station UTM 8265045 mN 513816 mE Elevation Installation depth 5 10 30 cm Operation period 2003 Mix 1 Located c 15 m downstream from the BioBasis phenology plot Pap 3 The site is characterized by mixed heath vegetation and a coarse sandy soil UTM 8264348 mN 513567 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 30 cm lost in 2006 Operation period 2004 Lysimeter suction probes is installed at 5 10 30 cm Frequency Soil moisture is manually read as soon as snow melts and the box become visible During snowmelt the sensors are read every second day When soil moisture has reached a steady level readings are performed 1 2 times a week and right after rain events Equipment to be used e HH2 meter Delta T Device e Field chart 8 App2 e Screw driver e Steel probe with graduation Reading soil moisture nD i GR et 4 Shee arrows point at soil water installations Fig 9 7 Open waterproof box The HH2 meter connected to the sensor plu
14. Inc 20 cm SM300 6 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 20 cm SM300 7 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 15cm SM300 8 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 10cm SM300 9 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 5 cm Table 6 Methane site autochambers Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation see seperate manual by Mikhail Mastepanov Table 7 Methane site M5 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 10 min Battery V 24 12 NP 12V Yuasa 10 min Battery V 10 min Panel Temperature C 10 min Temperature cor dista m Calculated 10 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 2 cm 10 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 20 cm 10 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 30 cm 10 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 40 cm 10 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 50 cm 10 min Soil temperature_initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 2 cm 10 min Soil temperature_initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 8 cm 10 min Soil temperature_initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 12 cm 10 min Soil temperature_initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 16 cm 720 min Time stamp 720 min Record 720 min Logger ID 720 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campb
15. MM 2201 MC cerrertedData CSV 172 HAD ata_120613_1 det Esl A Phea ren B A f ce vc d E n ll i al knk es Vi a Faea ER ak a i A A A aaa re h aka L FE ORY a EM E dat 4 Lance Lumen T cing 41 data Ae Donel File Format anay compatible Fiberwseress an Diabe T imme amore Fiemarks dipabled Time enabiad Charge faneme if fle sheady enacts Create new data hie do not append Convert ending his Example iarsma CSV _baceiename yy mia dd hhm n DAT 7 Setup the Destination File Options as shown here Destination File Options bre bore SY TOAS TO1 Format Shore Record Aluebers Stowe Tie lamp C Conwert Oriy New Cita File Haning Ure Day of Year Create How Filenames Append To Last File 8 Press Array CSV Options and set it up as follows Array Compatible CSY Options Timestamp Options Include Array ID T Array ID 101 Day TTA Max and Min Timestamp Options v Hour Minutes TOAS Format vjs d SFE Aray Datalogger Format C Midnight is 2400 9 Press OK twice and Start Conversion 10 After end conversion save the converted files in their right place in GeoBasis folder Input of data into the local database Copy the retrieved data file to the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis MM1 MM2 M2 M3 M7 M8 Original data Open the file and check that the last logged value corresponds to the actual day of year DOY and time for removal of the storage module DOY calendar Quic
16. Manual soil moisture monitoring in ZEROCALM 2 In order to follow the temporal variation in soil moisture in different vegetation zones snow depth and soil thaw progression are monitored along two rows in the ZEROCALM 2 grid net section 2 4 Location Soil moisture is measured in ZEROCALM 2 row 1 running from the NW corner to the SW corner and row 6 running N S passing just west of M2 Altogether there are 26 grid nodes where measurements are performed Frequency Once a week Every second time should be at the same time as the active layer depth Is measured Should be timed with the last active layer measurement in late June and August see chapter 4 Equipment to be used e HH2 meter Delta T Device e Soil moisture sensor ThetaProbe ML2x 84 e Field chart13 App2 e Steel probe with graduation Soil moisture measurements in ZC 2 e Set the HH2 meter to mineral soil type e Measure the soil moisture content in three random spots near the grid node stone by inserting the probe vertically from the surface Read the HH2 meter Record water if the water table is above the surface which is often the case in the lower part of the grid e Ifthe grid nodes are covered in snow the snow depth must be measured and when snow has disappeared the depth of the active layer must be measured at the same grid nodes see section 2 1 2 and chapter 4 Input of data to the local database Write data from the field chart into the Excel temp
17. Operators Manual for various sensors e Check silica gel bags when arriving at the station and replace silica gel bags before leaving the station for the winter e Before the stations are left make sure that there is enough free space on the storage module or CF card Troubleshooting e User guides and Operator manuals for various sensors data loggers storage modules and support software are collected in House 4 and in the GeoBasis office in Copenhagen e Always check the power supply Check voltage on the batteries e Check that the cables are connected in accordance with the wiring diagram and that cables are fixed in the data logger ports e Check that the time is correct on the data logger and on the computer The time in Zackenberg is one hour behind GMT All data loggers run local Zackenberg time Solar noon in Zackenberg is 13 20 e Ifthe power for any reason has been cut it might be necessary to re install the programme on the data logger This is done via computer Campbell CR1000 programmes for stations are located in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis name of the station programme XX dld ASIAQ programmes are located in the GeoBasis directory ClimateBasisASIAQ Zackenberg YYYY Programs XX dld 2 1 2 Manual snow depth measurements In order to extend the number of point measurements for a better coverage of the spatial variability in the snow cover snow depths are measured manually by probing along transects in the v
18. Research station and the runway is seen The red cross is MM1 and the yellow circle is MM2 Red circle is the Methane station and the white cross mark the position of an abandoned station called M1_fen 1997 1999 and 2007 2009 10 1 Flux monitoring at MM1 Location of MM1 The micrometeorological station MM1 is located in a well drained Cassiope heath site about 150 m mad Energymast north of the climate station red cross at Fig 7 1 and Camera Eddy mast UTM 8264887 mN 513420mE be ame Battery box UTM 8264888 mN 513403 mE Gas Analyzer box UTM 8264887 mN 513403 mE Elevation 40 m a s l Operation period 2000 Instrumentation of MM1 see separate manual by Fig 10 2 MM1 in the late summer Magnus Lund 92 During the winter the station is powered by Efoy fuel cells in the summer the station gets its power supply from the research station itself see figure 10 4 The enclosure the eddy mast and the energy mast is permanently situated at the site 10 1 1 Installation of the micrometeorological station MM1 Soon after arrival the CO analyser Licor7000 which is stored at the station should be connected to the system 1 First thing to do is to check or change the internal chemicals in the LiCor 7000 see procedure in Licor manual and leave the instrument for at least 24 hours before using it The chemicals should be changed every second year 2 Download data from the station See procedure for changing CF cards on th
19. Skye radiation sensor SKR 1800 SKYE 100 cm NIR 776 nm umol m2 Skye radiation sensor SKR 1800 SKYE 100 cm RVI2 Calculated NDVI2 Calculated T Temp_min C Infrared radiometer IRR P 1585 Apogee 100 cm T Temp_avg C Infrared radiometer IRR P 1585 Apogee 100 cm Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation T Temp max C Infrared radiometer IRR P 1585 Apogee 100 cm RSM300_1 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 60 cm RSM300_ 2 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 50 cm RSM300_3 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 40 cm RSM300 4 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 30 cm RSM300 5 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 20 cm RSM300 6 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 20 cm RSM300 7 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 15 cm RSM300 8 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 10 cm RSM300 9 vol Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 5 cm SM300 1 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 60 cm SM300 2 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 50 cm SM300_ 3 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 40 cm SM300 4 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax Inc 30 cm SM300_5 C Soil moisture amp temperature sensor SM300 Dynamax
20. Use the Q liner as soon as the water level is above 40 cm 1 Take a digital photo from that covers the hydrometric station and the cross profile Make sure the date and time is written on the photo and that the camera has the right date and time stamp 2 Take a close up photo of the water table at the stage level make sure you can read the stage and the shoreline at the hydrometric station and a photo of the river crossing and the shore on both sides These photos can be a great help when evaluating the data Make sure you can see if the river is bordered by snow or not 3 Fill out the field chart before you start water level distance from the sonic range sensor lower point to the water surface time type of current meter distance from Fix point 1 to O mark on the wire distance from O mark on the wire to the shoreline distance from shoreline to the first mark on the rope Record comments about anything that might influence the actual measurement ice in the water along the shore or in the river bed big boulders disturbing the propeller etc 4 Thecross profile follows the blue rope Every meter on the rope is marked by tape Remember that the wire may be tightened or loosened during the season which means that the markings are not always in the exact same position 5 One person stays on the shore to fill in the field chart and check that the person in the river keeps the measuring probe in a vertical position Also make s
21. a well drained Cassiope heath K2 and in a wet grassland fen area S2 As an extension of the soil water programme additional sites were installed in 2002 and 2003 to obtain information from soils covered by other vegetation 86 communities Sites were installed in a dry area covered by Dryas Dry 1 in a snow bed area covered mainly by Salix Sal 2 in a relatively dry area covered by a mix of heath vegetation s Mix 1 These sites are described in the previous section Position of soil water plots Fig 9 1 9 3 9 6 and 9 11 9 12 and App 4 The main site K2 is located near the climate station SR in the well drained Cassiope heath Se UTM 8264760 mN 513365 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 Operation 1996 K3 In 2002 a new installation was made to replace K2 The new installation K3 is located adjacent to K2 and has suction probes buried in the same depths UTM 8264753 mN 513349 ME Rae OT E OL E Elevation 45 m a s l Fig 9 11 Location of K2 and K3 Looking east Installation depth 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 cm Operation 2002 me ioe A Se a gt gs ys ale A E mane PA Sip S A 4 y ENE cee 4 ee Se Rylek r In 2011 a new installation was made in Rylek ret close to the auto chamber site The site is characterized by fen vegetation and clay soil UTM 8265571 mN 0513277 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 10 20 30 a
22. all the way down along the rod until you feel resistance 4 Take digital photos from the south east corner of the ZC 2 grid in order to cover the snow patch and the east facing slope of Zackenberg Fig 2 24 and take a photo where you zoom in on the automatic weather station M2 Maintenance e Birds and musk oxen are able to move the stones Make sure that stones are in the right positions and if necessary re establish the grid Fig 4 3 Stitch photo from ZC 2 13 June 2005 Input of data into the local database Write values from the field chart into a worksheet Grid nodes are numbered 1 121 and 1 208 beginning in the northwest corner and reading down the rows as you would read text Thus the last node 121 or 208 is in the southeast corner Name the file ZC1 or 2 YYYY and save the data in file in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis ZEROCALM ZC 1 or ZC 2 Active layer 41 ZEROCALM 1 ZEROCALM 2 8 g 10 11 12 13 14 16 20 21 22 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 32 36 37 38 40 43 44 45 48 33 Eee Ea rss ose se 9 oo ai aoc BRS Sane PEER EEEE EEE eels Fa ras 146 147 140 148 150 151 152 150 158 155 156 157 158 159 160 Fa rer 162 160 164 165 166 167 168 160 170 71 172 170 ira 175 176 2 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 4 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205
23. are OK It sometimes helps to change fittings bottle or cap for a better fit 91 10 Gas flux monitoring In order to describe the inter annual variability of the seasonal carbon balance Net Ecosystem Exchange NEE of carbon dioxide CO2 is measured by use of the eddy covariance technique Measurements are performed in a well drained heath area Station MM1 and in a wet fen area Station MM2 At MM2 methane concentrations in two heights are also being measured CO and CH are also measured using both the chamber and gradient technique at the Methane station At MM1 and MM2 permanent eddy covariance systems have been installed in August 2011 MM1 measures the atmospheric concentration of CO when the station is manned while at MM2 measurements are performed all year round Furthermore meteorological masts are installed at these sites measuring radiation soil temperature snow temperature air temperature soil moisture soil heat flux and snow depth Staff is needed to maintain the CH systems and MM1 CO system this data is therefore only collected during the field season When staff is present at the station the CO systems are also checked daily to insure no major gaps in data series A short overview of the different sites is given here further details are found in separate manuals for each station by Magnus Lund and Mikhail Mastepanov Fig 10 1 View of the Zackenberg valley from Nansenblokken looking east At the right the
24. auto focus and flash light is disabled or the flash is covered To set the clock on the camera e On the Timer in the box Switch the slide switch from Timed to continuous ON 32 e Wait 10 sec for the camera to take a picture e Press the Menu button 5 on fig 2 16 e Press or gt to go to the setup menu e Press down arrow to the menu date amp time and press menu e Use the arrows 3 on fig 2 16 to adjust date and time Editable values are highlighted e Press menu and then the Live view playback button 2 on fig 2 16 e On the Time Guard Switch the slide switch from ON to Timed Press program until a steady clock is displayed the colon is flashing The status must be off Timer settings The timer is programmed to turn the camera on 13 20 and turn the camera off at 13 21 For programming of the timer and to set the clock please refer to the timer manual Time Guard EL11 Programming Instruction Always leave the timer with the slide switch in the position Timed and the status OFF Input of data into the local database Save photos in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Automatic photomonitoring Original files YYYY Copy photos from each camera to the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Automatic photomonitoring CameraxX and rename them after the system CAMXYEARXXXXDOYXXxX ex CAM1YEAR2002DOY155 picture from camera 1 taken on the 4 of June 2002 Use rename software for this process Rename wizard or Rename master Always k
25. disturb free running or it might touch the river bed If it looks suspicious re take the measurement make a note in the field chart For each velocity measurement the number of complete revolutions of the propeller over a period of 60 seconds is recorded Remember to record the measurement period on the field chart For each vertical record distance to shore water depth and revolutions per 60 seconds Please note if there is ice or snow on the riverbed Measure the distance from the last profile to the nearest shore line 62 14 Fill out the field chart when you end the measurement water level distance from the sonic ranging sensor lower point to the water surface time Input of data into the local database Write results into the template Water discharge GeoBasis Hydrometric station water discharge template and save the file in GeoBasis Hydrometric station water discharge Files are named after the system wADDMMYY where wd water discharge DD day MM month YY year At the end of the season field charts must be sent to ASIAQ together with all photos exact positions of stage level fix points and SR50 sensor and other information that can help the validation of data Calculation of velocity For the latest calibration values of the propeller see GeoBasis Vandf ringer Kalibrering af OTT vingemalere e Calculate the mean velocity v in every vertical as v 0 60 or v 0 20 v 0 80 2 e Multiply mean
26. enough for a person to make measurements The wall facing away from the sun should be smooth and vertical 3 Anchor the measuring tape to the wall The zero point of the tape must be at ground level Extend the tape straight up to the top snow level Record total depth of the snow Make sure you keep track of what is up and down in the recordings where O cm is Fig 2 15 Snow pit without basal ice Temperature recordings A small ring 100 cm is used to sample the surface snow 4 Measure temperature for every 10 cm every 5 cm if the total depth of snow is less than 0 5m by inserting temperature probes horizontally into the wall shortly after the pit is dug Let readings stabilize for at least 2 minutes before the reading is made Measure temperature to nearest 0 1 C Calibrate thermometers in ice water before they are used in the profile Temperature measurements should be taken immediately after digging to minimize errors influence due to exposure 5 Record the snow conditions surface snow ice layer and lenses in the profile basal ice etc If there are any significant different layers then write down the depth of where it Starts and ends 6 Measure snow density by sampling a known volume of snow Insert a plate at the depth you want to sample to Drive the sampling tube vertically into the snow until the plate is reached Remove the column carefully Always remember to write the dimension inner diameter and length of
27. filtered water from the filter bottle into the pre weighed 250 ml glass bottle Weigh the bottle with water and record the weight in the field chart Label the bottle with number date and location Store the sample in a dark place Place the filter assembly filter with sediment and the filter cup back on the empty filter bottle Use the small amount of filtered water stored in the small beaker to clean the sample bottle and the sides of the filter cup in order to get the last sediment if any moved to the filter 78 Fig 8 4 Moving filter with sediment from filter assembly to desiccator 11 Carefully remove the filter cup and use the tweezers to move the filter with sediment to a Small tray of tin foil and place it in the desiccator see Fig 8 4 Close with the lid and leave the filter to dry for about 24 hours 12 After drying in the desiccator for c 24 hours it is time to weigh the filter Remove the lid carefully since the filter is very light weight and flies easily 13 Weigh the filter on the analytical scale and record the weight in the field chart 14 Fold the filter twice use tweezers and a finger and move it into one of the small zip lock plastic bags Label the bag with number date and location and store in a small box 15 At the end of the season filters and bottles are brought to Denmark and delivered at the DMU lab for further analysis Contact Frank Riget 45 46301948 or Gert Asmund 45 46301925 a
28. for the 121 calculations Make a chart of the river profile to check that it make sense Name the file River profile YYYY and save the file in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Hydrometric station YYYY 12 1 4 Detailed mapping of the coastline by DGPS Detailed mapping of the coastline is now performed with Differential GPS equipment present at the station The mapping is taking place in late August or September every year at low tide It covers the coastline from the trapping station in west to the coastal cliff peg number 4 in the eastern part see detailed map in the separate manual Equipment e Differential GPS equipment from House 5 Handheld yellow Geo XT DGPS manual by Lars Holst Hansen Manual GPS Note book and pen Folding rule Digital camera Fig 12 8 Walk along the coastal cliff Separate manual DGPS mapping Zackenberg coast ee ae _ ve 8 Procedure Follow the procedure given in the DGPS manual located in House 5 by Lars Holst Hansen on how to use the equipment and how to prepare the base station so that corrections are continuously logged and can be used for later correction procession of the data Settings and a detailed description of where to walk are given in a separate manual Input of data to local Database All data from the GeoXT and the base station is moved to the folder GeoBasis Coastal monitoring DGPS mapping Original data 122 APPENDIX APP 1 Field Programme not included APP 2
29. fresh snow regularly 1 in the main season the distance from the horizontal plane represented by the lid when this is closed to the vegetation should be measured in a grid made up of 5 points NW NE the middle SW and SE 2 Inthe outer seasons when there is snow inside the chambers the vertical distance is measured in 10x10cm grids borrow a phenology grid from BioBasis 112 10 3 9 Overview over daily check Every day the 1 Water level is read on a folding rule between chamber 1 and 2 2 A zero calibration of the Par sensor is done The Par sensor is mounted on the top of the South western corner of the house in which the LGR is situated see figure 10 20 Inside the hut a green cap is found Note the date and time in the field chart put on the green cap read the par reading on the LGR inside the hut minimize the Par window DO NOT CLOSE the window and remove the cap again Notice Remember to remove the green cap again Fig 10 20 Par sensor mounted on the south western corner of the hut 10 3 10 Overview over weekly check Once a week during the summer season a complete check round of the chambers is conducted This is done to ensure that lids are closing tightly and that there are no leaks in the tubing If this is the case the graphs on the LGR should increase linearly In the outer season this check round should be intensified and if the weather is changing a lot it can be necessary to do it every day or ev
30. gas 400 ppm and 900 ppm and N2 gas Separate LI7200 manual for span calibration Thick bev a line tube with back and front ferrule located in house 3 during the winter Computer e g PDA Serial RS232 cable or Ethernet cable for connecting to Licor7200 Ladder Wrench LiCor7200 enclosure Connect Ethernet or RS232 to the outlets on the bottom of the enclosure Fig 10 13 Setup for span testing or calibrating Licor7200 Left the ladder is used for connecting or disconnecting the Bev a line tube for the air intake on the mast where the white tube is connected to the licor house Nitrogen and span gas the computer is connected to the Licor7200 underneath the white enclosure using a RS232 cable Right calibration in action the reference gas is connected to the licor7200 through the bev a line tube and in situ measurements are read from the PDA and noted in the calibration sheet e Connect the computer with LI7200 PC software to LI7200 using a Ethernet cable Serial RS232 can also be used but in the following only the Ethernet options will be explained consult the original Li 7200 manual page 4 3 for connecting with RS232 There are several Ethernet ports underneath the analyser enclosure chose port 1 102 e Start the licor program on the computer The following screen will appear Wax Select connection type Ethernet Serial R5232 Run Disconnected Connect fo Address IPy4 169 254 14 245 Address IP
31. ice drift Snow cover distribution in the valley and on the slopes Condition and distribution of the sea ice and fjord ice Ideas and thoughts of improvement of the programme Northing m 8268000 8270000 8272000 8274000 8276000 8266000 8264000 ae Zackenberg el ven Tyrolerfjord Young Sund 8262000 508000 510000 512000 514000 516000 518000 Easting m Fig 1 Map of GeoBasis and ClimateBasis plots referred to in the manual The climate station is marked by an asterix H Hydrometric station Red rectangles Eddy tower Green circles Snow and micrometeorological stations Black triangles water sample site N Nansen blokken Black crosses Soil water sites White square Methane site 2 Climate and snow monitoring Snow depth and snow cover are among the key parameters in the control of climate and ecosystem processes characterizing the Arctic As most of the precipitation in Zackenberg fall as snow it plays a major role in the hydrological system The seasonal and spatial variation in snow cover also significant affects distribution of vegetation and length of the growing season which indirectly affects the production of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 Parameters to be measured e Snow depth e Snow density and snow water equivalent SWE e Snow cover distribution and depletion 2 1 Automatic snow depth and meteorological monitoring Snow depth is measured continuously at five permanen
32. it direct into the plastic bag and put it in a clean 500 ml bottle or cut with a clean knife or a metal spatula A sample of c 300 g is fine You need to fill a 250 ml glass bottle Write location date and sample depth on the plastic bag Bring samples to the station Leave the plastic bottles in the laboratory for melting Use Mercury manual in section 8 7 to handle the sample 29 2 3 Snow cover and snow depletion Digital images of the main study area in Zackenberg dalen are used to monitor spatial and temporal snow cover distribution and to model depletion curves for snow in the valley Images of the fiord Young Sound are used to study ice coverage and sediment plumes in the fiord 2 3 1 Automatic snow and ice cover monitoring Digital cameras in waterproof boxes are mounted on a permanent platform where each camera box is secured in a fixed position and orientation Fig 2 15 Roba a _NDVI3 po a i fk 7 x See en Hf St D S iye Sy pr yd S Fig 2 16 The fixed installation on top of TERT 480 m a s l left Position of Nansenblokken on the eastern slope of Zackenberg right Location Digital images are captured from the top of Nansenblokken a prominent rock on the eastern slope of Zackenberg Fig 2 16 UTM 510992 ME 8265315 mN Elevation 480 m a s l Frequency of sampling Digital photos are captured every day at 13 20 solar noon Data are off loaded from the cameras soon
33. marked by white stones UTM NW corner 8264856 mN 513363 mE NE corner 8264847 mN 513461 mE SW corner 8264758 mN 513347 mE SE corner 8264748 mN 513446 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Established 1996 ZEROCALM 2 ZC 2 Located c 400 m south of the runway on a south facing slope at an elevation of 11 22 m a s l Vegetation change from dry dryas heath at the upper end to a waterlogged Eriophorum fen in the lower end The site consist of 208 measuring points in a 120 m x 150 m grid 16 almost N S oriented rows each with 13 points There are 10 m between every point Every corner of the grid is marked by poles Points along the edge of the grid are marked by orange stones while all other points are marked by white stones UTM NW corner 8264083 mN 513025 mE NE corner 8264033 mN 513167 mE SW corner 8263970 mN 512985 mE SE corner 8263920 mN 513127 mE Elevation 11 22 m a s l Established 1996 39 Fig 4 1 Location of the two ZEROCALM sites ZC 1 and ZC 2 left Photo monitoring point at ZC 2 Looking at ZC 2 and M2 from the south east corner of the grid right m asl 37 25 C siope 37 00 36 75 36 50 36 25 36 00 e 100m 150 m Fig 4 2 Surface topography elevation at the two CALM sites and borders between Main vegetation communities in ZC 2 Frequency Measurements are made as soon as one point in the grid is free of snow Repeat measurements on a weekly basis until
34. of the Bev a line tube Note do not connect the gas before turning it on Flush the Licor with 8 litres per second for 10 seconds and then turn it down to 1 litre per second again Wait for the values of CO2 and H20 to stabilize and note the values in the calibration sheet It might take some time for the H20 to stabilize make sure that the value is not changing anymore before noting it in the calibration sheet Also note the temperature and pressure If you decide to calibrate please consult the original li 7200 manual chapter 5 Please note that the system should only be calibrated if CO2 zero offset gt 20 ppm CO2 span offset gt 20 ppm H2O concentration is lt 0 1 ppt or gt 15 ppt Disconnect the gas from the Bev a line tube and then turn off the airflow from the gas bottle NOTE Always disconnect the zero or span gas from the tube before turning it off in order to avoid under pressure in the LiCor house Open the 400 ppm CO2 gas to 1 litre per minute connect to the Bev a line tube and flush the system with 8 litre per second for 10 seconds Turn the flow of the gas down to 1 litre per second wait for the value of CO2 to stabilize and note this the temperature and the pressure in the calibration sheet Disconnect the 400 ppm CO2 gas and then close the gas bottle Open the 900 ppm gas to 1 litre per second connect to the thick Bev a line tube and flush with 8 litre per second for 10 seconds Turn the flow of gas dow
35. on the handle and make a reading of the snow depth distance from the tip of the probe to the basket The depth and a GPS position are recorded in the CR10x data logger when the reading is made A double beeb indicate that a reading inclusive GPS position is recorded Make sure to penetrate ice lenses layers in the snow pack or make a comment if you doubt that you have reached the ground surface Fig 2 12 The data logger in the bag pack with GPS antenna cable and switch to mount on the probe 6 Use the GPS to walk in a straight line towards the next fix point Make a depth measurement for every 20 m If there is no snow make a reading with the sliding basket in the lowest position for a O cm reading 7 Snow depth more than 1 2 m is measured by the steel probe and a corresponding 0 cm reading is recorded by the Magna probe Write the number of reading from the data logger channel 1 display and note the depth measured by the rod In this way the GPS position is recorded and the manual depth reading can be inserted in the final datasheet 8 Record any ice layers in the snow pack or basal ice on the ground Record distance from the surface of the snow to the ice layer lens Write remarks if you doubt that you have reached the ground surface and all other comments that can be helpful when validating the data 22 Manual snow depth measurements ZC 1 gridnet 1 Go to the grid Localize the four corners marked by orange traffic poles I
36. remove the card from the CF module on the data logger Status LED To Remove Card g Press the Button amp Wait for Green Light Removal CR1000 ee Wiring Panel CFM100 iL eS ne CompactFlash Memory Module RS 23 Not isolated Fig 2 8 CFM100 CompactFlash Memory Module with turned off diode that indicates the CF card is ok as on picture If the Status LED is orange then the CF card is NOT working Insert the formatted Compact Flash II card in the data card slot The data logger will now assign space for the associated tables on the card While it does this the status diode flashes red 5 15 minutes depending on the size of the data card Wait until the diode stops flashing If an error occurs the diode will turn orange right away when the card is placed in the module If the diode turns orange then remove the card and either format it again or replace it with another formatted card When the Status LED is turned off the card is ok see figure 2 9 The data files on the removed card have a binary format that need to be translated into the format that we use array csv format This is done by using the LoggerNet utility CardConvert Open LoggerNet on your computer and go to Data gt CardConvert In CardConvert press Destination File Options 14 lt CardConvert Source Filename Destination Filename a LEE EE W C Docume CADocuments and Settings Mesh Derktop Kirstine_Workfolder HiDiata MM
37. sted og v lg program 10 V lg program som skal bruges Enten V H AV NEZ Nar man v lger udf res f rste m ling Ved m ling kommer en lyd og i displayet ses et lt som bev ger sig henover displayet N r lyden er holdt op og den viser et tal i displayet er m lingen overst et Appendiks 1 ses hvad de forskellige betegnelser er og hvad de forskellige knapper p instrumentet er for 11 Ved opm lingen af elven kotepunkterne bruges A den m ler blandt andet horisontal distance HD vertikal distance relativ h jde VD og skr afstand SD Det er disse tre oplysninger som der n dvendigt 12 Ved at trykke A kan man bladre mellem resultaterne og her skal noteres VD SD og HD for hver m ling 13 Sigt mod den nye placering af prismet og tryk F1 s m les der igen 14 Afslut altid med at m le f rste kote punkt en gang til for at tjekke at man ikke har kommet til at rykke p opstillingen Ved profilm ling skal man bruge andre oplysninger Her begynder man at s tte HR 0 n r f rste m ling her skal northing N horisontalafstanden easting E fejl i forhold til linjen og z VD h jdeforskellen afl ses Fejl og fejlmeddelelser fra Topcon En almindelig fejl er at instrumentet g r i tracking dvs den m ler uafbrudt Dette sker hvis prismet ikke holdes stille ved m ling og kikkerten ikke l ngere kan finde prismet Batterierne bruges hurtigt ved tracking For at afbryde m lingen tast V H Display
38. stop flashing and you can remove the USB After the USB is removed replace it with another Licor USB There are three Licor USB s in Zackenberg two 16 GB and one 4 GB Check that all the data is there since last collection Save data on GeoBasis pc Format the USB and then it is ready to be put back in Li 7200 DO NOT FORMAT USB BEFORE YOU HAVE SAVED DATA ON PC You can also offload data using the CHG File Transfer 1 02 Programme see licor7200 manual 10 2 7 Automatic water level measurements at MM2 Just next to the soil moisture probe that s connected to the CR1000 data logger a white water permeable tube is inserted into the soil Follow the procedure given in section 10 3 3 for installation and maintenance of the pressure transducer into this tube 10 2 8 Automatic camera at MM2 On the side of the hut looking northeast towards the two masts a camera has been installed to take automatic photos every third hour 2 5 8 and 11 AM and 2 5 8 and 11 PM Follow the procedure described in 10 1 8 for maintenance of the camera Photos can be offloaded using the USB cable from the camera inside the hut figure 10 9 10 2 9 Preparation for winter Before the station is left for the winter the Licor7200 should be span and zero tested the housing temperature should be changed back to winter mode 5 degrees Celsius and a full calibration should be performed Furthermore the power supply should be changed to windmill and solar panels 10
39. the chosen tube Clean the ends of the tube with a sharp plate or knife 7 Weigh the snow and the sampling tube together 28 8 S Record length of the core weight of the snow and the exact depths and distances from the ground 0 cm and repeat sampling throughout the profile Repeat the measurement 3 times 10 Take photos of the pit Input of data into the local database Data are saved in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Snow monitoring Snow density Snow pit e Calculate snow density and create a temperature profile for the pit wall Volume of cylinder sampling tube t r L m 3 1416 r inner radius of tube L length of tube Mass of snow in sampling tube mass of tube and snow mass of empty tube Density of snow mass of snow Volume of snow Water Content Density of snow x 100 SWE 70 cm of snow with a density of 0 360 g cm3 70 x 0 360 25 2 mm water 2 2 2 l Collection of snow samples for mercury analysis Clean the pit wall Decide from what levels you want to sample Try to get a sample from 1 the top of the snow pack 2 the bottom of the snow pack near the ground surface 3 sample at regular intervals between the top and the bottom depending of the depth of the pit All together approximately 6 samples Take a plastic bag inside out on your hand and wash it gently in the snow from the level where you want to sample If possible collect the snow by grabbing
40. the micrometeorological station MM2 A daily check is carried out in order to prevent data loss in case of failures in the system 1 Fill outthe daily observation chart for MM2 Field chart 11 2 Report observations about the weather wind wind direction precipitation cloud cover type of clouds snow cover snow condition ground surface and vegetation flowering etc 3 Report any operations carried out on the system and the exact date and time for all operations 4 Read water table at the water table site and record it together with date and time take photos 5 Note the values from the Licor7200 every day Follow the instructions from section 10 2 4 bullet 1 2 and note the values in field chart 11 6 Active layer should be measured twice a week at the 5 marked plots 1 5 in figure 10 12 Measure the distance from the permafrost to the top of the fix poles 7 Take photos once a week of the area below the radiation sensors in order to follow changes in vegetation throughout the season Fig 10 12 Active layer sites numbers and water level site 101 10 2 4 Span and zero test of Licor7200 Span and zero tests should be performed during start up end of season and approx once a month or less to make sure that that the Licor7200 is measuring correct values Results from the test should be noted in the field chart L 7200 calibration sheet ver 2012 03 20 Equipment to be used ECOCYL bottles with span CO
41. the soil station M5 left Location of TinyTag temperature loggers right 10 3 3 Water table Changes in water table are registered automatically by two pressure transducers divers installed in water permeable tubes near Chamber 1 and Chamber 6 Furthermore it is read manually every day on the water level site WLS between Chamber 1 and Chamber 2 Fig 10 17 A Baro diver that registers air pressure and temperature must be installed at the same time and preferably earlier as the other divers Data from the baro diver are needed to compensate the regular divers for changes in air pressure 108 Installation of divers As soon as possible the divers must be placed inside the white tubes Snow has to be melted and a free water table must be present inside the tube so the diver at any time is covered by water 1 Start the diver and the baro diver at the station Use the software Diver Office 2009 1 and follow the manual for this program Diver settings Name the diver K1 or K6 respectively also label the diver on the outside or write down the serial number for each diver so that you place the right diver in the right tube Use delayed start and make sure they start at the same time Check that the time on the computer is right Sample method Fixed Record interval 15 minutes 2 The Baro diver is placed in the open grey tube next to the instrument box 3 Puta string in the diver and hang it from the screw that crosses the white tube n
42. this in the Logbook 2 Take photos of the mast and surroundings to see the snow cover or vegetation below the Sensors 3 Disconnect the storage module from the CS I O port on the data logger Fig 2 6 Record date and time for removal The data logger can hold about 3 weeks of data without the storage module If you don t know when you ll be able to return to the mast replace the storage module with another one in the meantime Bring the storage module to the Station to offload 4 Connect the storage module to the peripheral port on the SC532 interface by a SC12 cable Power the SC532 from the power outlet Connect the SC532 interface to the COM port at the laptop by a RS232 cable Fig 2 7 5 Turn onthe computer and choose the Campbell software program SMS or PC208w PC2O8W 3 3 Datalogger Support Software o x TT 8 rO ae A ae P Setup Connect Status i otg Module Help 6 From the main menu choose Stg module or in Loggernet SMS 7 On the next menu choose SM4M SM16M 1 ie SMS File Options Data Tools Help 1 CSM1 MCR1 SM192 SM716 PC Card SM4M SMT6M File Format Comma separated C ASCII with Array ID s C As Stored File Naming Options 4 h031110 dat Auto Name Control M Auto Increment Name 5 Append to Current File C New Name for Each File Show Module Directory Get All Get New Get One 6 Data Connect Update Status 3 2 StatusBox Mod
43. will get out of level Turn instrument on Be sure that vertical and horizontal motion clamps fine focus locks are loose Rotate the instrument several complete turns both vertically and horizontally to clear instrument memory Place the prism on the rod and record the height of the prism rod Start surveying at a point as far out in the water you can wade safely Move on along the line toward the theodolite station Survey all points where the vertical angel of the profile changes Record information about the point in the radio ex shore line in the water foot of cliff on top of peg next to peg top of beach ridge etc The person in control of the instrument must guide the prism holder to stay in the line and write down vertical distance VD horizontal distance HD and information about the point 119 9 Place the prism rod on top of the pegs and next to the pegs Record when you pass the station and start to shoot the other way 180 degrees The profile ends right behind the last peg on the plateau 10 Take photo of the line from the photo point on the plateau marked with yellow painted pegs 11 Move the station to Profile 2 and follow the same procedure as for Profile 1 Notice Never let the instrument get wet Close down if it starts to rain Never point the instrument directly into the sun Make sure adjusting knobs are loose when you transport the instrument Input of data to the local database Add da
44. 1 TinyTag data loggers Temperature is monitored at various locations at different elevations within the study area Small data loggers are placed in geomorphologic settings of interest such as ponds snow patches and in the ground Vertical temperature profiles within the active layer describe the temperature regime in different soil types for different places in the Zackenberg Valley At various sites the air temperature near terrain is monitored as well Location and description of sites Some TinyTag locations are plotted in Fig 1 and a short description is given here P1 Eastern part of a gravel plateau south of the Zackenberg station Close to the coast south of the old delta and east of the Zackenberg river mouth P1 is located c 20 m west of an ice wedge site Subject Active layer temperature UTM 512388 m E 8263490 m N Elevation 20 m a s l Installation depth 0 10 50 118 cm Operation period 1995 New installation 2005 P5 On the top of a rock glacier at the northeast foot of Zackenberg The front of the rock glacier is about 25 m high Walk up the talus slope south east of the rock glacier and continue on top of the rock glacier in a northwest direction About 25 m southwest of the front the site is marked by a pink triangle on a big boulder Tinytags are found c 3 m north of this boulder Note The easiest way to find the site is from the south Use the GPS and climb to the approximate elevation then go north
45. 11 points There are 10 m between every point Every corner of the grid is marked by orange traffic poles Points along the edge of the grid are marked by orange stones while all other points are marked by white stones UTM NW corner 8264856 mN 513363 mE NE corner 8264847 mN 513461 mE SW corner 8264758 mN 513347 mE SE corner 8264748 mN 513446 mE Elevation 45 m a s l 19 ZEROCALM 2 ZC 2 Located c 400 m south of the runway on a south facing slope at an elevation of 11 22 m a s l Vegetation change from dry Dryas heath at the upper end to wet grassland in the lower end The site consist of 208 measuring points in a 120 m x 150 m grid 16 almost N S oriented rows each with 13 points There are 10 m between every point Every corner of the grid is marked by white and red plastic poles Points along the edge of the grid are marked by orange stones while all other points are marked by white stones UTM NW corner 8264083 mN 513025 mE NE corner 8264033 mN 513167 mE SW corner 8263970 mN 512985 mE SE corner 8263920 mN 513127 mE Elevation 13 22 m a s l 20 2 1 3 Using MagnaProbe for snow depth measurements Equipment to be used e Avalanche probe steel probe 2 3 m e GPS MagnaProbe useful for s l 517000 snow depth up to 1 20 m remember ko Be 8271000 to charge batteries e GPS MagnaProbe operating instructions RU e Folding rule measuring tape ta e Field book e GPS incl Fix points for SNM and SNZ t
46. 2 642 2009 03 642 2009 04 642 2009 05 642 2010 01 642 2010 02 155 150 145 137 107 103 99 95 92 91 42 38 36 26 24 20 18 Northing mN 8265629 8265452 8264856 8264847 8264748 8264758 8264083 8264033 8263920 8263970 8269102 8269102 8264359 8264109 8263464 8263363 8264053 8264065 8265203 8268397 8264594 8264600 8264535 8264738 8269901 8269916 8269902 8269625 8269219 8268517 8268084 8267598 8267022 8266903 8265315 8265176 8264977 8264372 8264323 8264161 8264108 Easting mE 513184 513161 513363 513461 513446 513347 513025 513167 513127 512985 511663 511663 512670 512624 512310 512415 512365 512341 515007 511090 512647 512763 512683 513404 518028 517760 518027 516917 516555 516151 515841 515464 515017 514927 513804 513714 513591 513207 513173 513073 513038 Elev m a s l Marking 39 39 38 38 19 19 11 86 89 34 78 37 59 3 8 Road marker Road marker Road marker Road marker Road marker Road marker Road marker Road marker Yellow pegs Yellow pegs Yellow pegs Iron peg Yellow pegs Yellow pegs Yellow pegs Stones Red cross on top of big boulder Peg north of the station Metal plate on big boulder Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with p
47. 22 Correte aa S THD aa 120412 dat E Cimu CADocumerts and Settings eck Dekan Erne Wakidi H Daa HHA 2 ComvertedD aa SN THD ta 120416 dat A Docume CADocument and Seti Me AD erkende wak HD ate MM an A orete aa S A Hate 120416 dat E C Docume C Documents and Settings kck Derktop Kinstine_wocklokderHiDsta MH 2201 ACcerrerted beta Sv IZH sta 120425 dat E CADocume C Documents and Setingik kDerkbop Erne Woeklolder HID ate MH 2 201 Correte CS THO a 120426 dat E CDocume CADocumerts and Sittings eck Deko Erare Woki H Da MM 22 Cornered aa N THD a_ 120427 dat E CADocume CADocumerit and Setting Weck AD ekte Erne Woko H Daai HH Aa 2 ConvertedData ESN 72 HID ate 120428 dat C Docume C Documents and Sethage ksk Deckhop E rsimre woko H Daan POST 2 Converted aa CSW AHD aa 120430 dat Ei CDocume Documents snd Seling ksk Degktop AE arte Wok bolde HD an H 01 orere a CSW AHD a 120502 dat CC ADocume CADocumerts and Settings ues Dekho Erne Workfolde HD aa HM 2 201 A CorvetedD ta CSW 172 HID sta 120504 dat E CNDocume CADocumernit and Settings eck Deskop Erne Woki H Daa HH Aa Corral Det CSN THD sta 120806 dat CA Decume BAD outer and Selingsksk Deckhop arcine_Worklode HID ate Aa Coreta VS AHD aa 120506 dat El CADocume C Documents snd Settings kck Derktop Kanstine_wocklobderHiDasta MM SON AC oerrerted bets VCSV 1727 HAD sta 12061 3 dat Silat Conwermon E CADocume C Documents and Settings csk Dezktop Karstine_Wockiohder HIData
48. 263 8262 515 518 km Coastal cliff recession is surveyed by repeating measurements of the distance between a fixed marker and the edge of the cliff Location Coastal retreat rates are monitored along the south coast of Zackenberg dalen Coastal cliff and along the delta cliff west of the Zackenbergelven river delta Fig 12 1 Positions of the pegs are given in Table 12 1 and 12 2 Frequency Lines are re surveyed every fifth year in late August There will be a survey in 2012 2017 2022 etc Equipment to be used e Tape measurer e Peg e GPS 116 e Digital camera UTM position Coastal cliff Northing Easting Year line 1 8263013 513272 1996 line 2 8263080 513748 1996 line 3 8263065 514026 1996 line 4 8263125 514398 1996 Table 12 1 Positions of coastal cliff pegs UTM position Delta cliff Northing Easting Year line 1 D1 8264000 511619 2000 ng Me thw eee line2 D2 8264015 511524 2000 Fig 12 2 Measurement at the coastal cliff Table 12 2 Positions of delta cliff pegs Line 3 and 4 has been lost due to erosion Measuring retreat rates At the coastal cliff wooden pegs with a red top were installed 20 meter from the edge of the cliff in 1996 At the Delta cliff green metal pegs were installed 20 meter from the top of the cliff in 2000 1 Use the GPS to find the pegs 2 Survey the perpendicular distance from the centre of the peg to the edge of the cliff using a tape measure Behind all pegs there is a small
49. 6 10 3 Flux monitoring at the Methane Station The Methane station consists of eight automatic chambers from where air is drawn into an instrument box and analysed for methane carbon dioxide and water vapour A detailed description of the station is given in a separate manual by Mikhail Mastepanov CH4 and CO2 flux monitoring system_Zackenberg This section gives an overview of the additional measurements that are being performed at this site Location of the Methane Station The Methane station is located in the southern part of Rylekzret near Tg rvedammen Chamber 1 UTM 8265544 mN Chamber 8 513271 mE a Chamber 6 UTM 8265544 mN Mol Fi 513277 mE sas Hut UTM 8265542 mN Chamber 1 513277 mE M5 UTM 8265562 mN 513271 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Operation period 2006 Instrumentation see separate manual Fig 10 14 The Methane Station in the Fen 10 3 1 Power supply The station is being powered by the cable that runs from the generator at the station to this site Next to the power outlet there is a transformer box where 220V is transformed to 12 V All instruments at this site are running on 12 V There are 8 accumulators 12 V 100 Ah between the power outlet and the instrument box in order to keep the station running continuously also when the generator at the station is turned off during night PEET T n ae gm Cc mee 7 n 3 _ Sine Wave Inverter he S N ama HOR CEZ f Fig 10 15 T
50. Cm Sonic range sensor SR50 Campbell Scientific 247 cm 30 min Red 660 Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 250 cm 30 min NIR Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 250 cm 30 min RVI Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 250 cm 30 min NDVI Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 250 cm 30 min SoilHeat W m2 Heat flux plate HTF3 Campbell Scientific 1 cm 30 min Si W m2 Met radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 250 cm 30 min Su W m2 Met radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 250 cm 30 min Li W m2 Met radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 250 cm 30 min Lu W m2 Met radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 250 cm 30 min CNR1 Temp C Met radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 250 cm 30 min Net Rs W m2 30 min Net Ri W m2 30 min Albedo 30 min Net Rad W m2 30 min Li cor W m2 30 min Lu cor W m2 30 min Temp Skye K 30 min Temp Ground K Table 2 Micrometeorological station M3 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Battery V 12 V 7 2 Ah Panasonic 30 min Program signal 30 min InternallTemp C 30 min Panel Temp C 30 min Gust m sec Windvane A100R Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Wind Speed m sec Windvane A100R Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Wind Direction sg Windvane W200P Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Wind Direction St Dev Windvane W200P Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Rel Hum Temp and Rel hum probe MP103A Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Air Temperature C Temp and Rel hum probe MP103A Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min SoilTemper
51. Data are logged by a CR1000 data logger and data is sent directly to Asiaq in Nuuk via satellite communication The lower enclosure contains batteries which are powered by solar panels located on top of the masts Data from the radiation mast and the snow mast are saved on the data logger at the east mast Data retrieval from the Climate Station See chapter 2 2 1 ASIAQ continuously offloads the data logger through the satellite connection on the East mast Input of data into the local database After every ended season ASIAQ sends validated data from the climate masts to the GeoBasis manager Contact rr Jakob Abermann Johnathan N K Petersen ASIAQ ASIAQ l Postbox 1003 Postbox 1003 AS I AR O 3900 Nuuk 3900 Nuuk E mail jab asiaq gl inkp asiaq gl 6 2 The Hydrometric station The hydrometric station is another ClimateBasis installation which is maintained if necessary by GeoBasis during the season Further details are given in Chapter 7 under 7 1 1 Automatic water level monitoring 54 7 River water monitoring Runoff from the drainage basin is an important part of the water balance and an important tool to estimate total output of freshwater sediment and nutrients from land to the fiord ocean Parameters to be measured e Water level Water discharge River water chemistry Suspended sediment Suspended organic matter 7 1 Water level monitoring Continuous recordings of water level in Zackenberg River are used for discharge ca
52. M coordinates are given in the respective chapters and in App 4 1 5 Getting around in the area To protect the area in Zackenberg and minimize impact near the research sites and plots some rules must be respected Please study the ZERO site manual carefully for a description of the regulations in different zones of the valley Staff from the monitoring programme must be prepared to give an introduction to the nearest surroundings and a guided tour when new people arrive at the station An updated ZERO site manual can be downloaded from www zackenberg dk 1 6 Safety Always follow the safety instructions from the Zackenberg Research Station when you work in this remote area GeoBasis has VHF radios and flare guns and share an Iridium satellite telephone with BioBasis 881641464327 Riffles and first aid kit can be borrowed from the Research Station 1 7 GeoBasis staff Magnus Lund Research Scientist Ph D Ecosystem Ecology Group Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 DK 4000 Roskilde ml dmu dk Birger Ulf Hansen Associate Professor Ph D Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 10 DK 1350 Copenhagen K buh ign ku dk Maria Rask Mylius Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 10 DK 1350 Copenhagen K mrp ign ku dk Charlotte Sigsgaard Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Ma
53. Name the file after the system SS XXcm where SS site and XX installation depth ex P6 30cm is a file from P6 at 30 cm depth and keep the suggested file extension ttd Battery change Batteries must be changed every second year if logging interval is every hour Notice Always offload the TinyTag data logger before removing the battery See TinyTag logbook in the GeoBasis 2012 TinyTag directory 1 Open the TinyTag by undoing the four screws Move the small foam pad and the silica gel Remove the battery Write the current year on the new battery with a speed marker then you will always know when the battery was changed Install a new battery with actual year written on it Check that the black O ring looks smooth If not rub it in silicon or replace it by a new ring from the maintenance kit Replace the small silicon bag and close the data logger tight Restart launch data logger 1 Connect the logger to the computer Press the green key with an arrow Erase data edit configuration and launch data logger Anew window pops up 2 Follow the instructions and choose the following settings e Title name of the site and depth Logging interval every hour Reading type normal Start options delayed start nearest hour Stop options stop when full Alarms disabled Choose Delayed start and specify when you want the logger to start Make sure that the time on the computer is right and that the tim
54. R1000 data logger Press Start Click OK to the warning and OK when the format has finished Install programme on the data logger Collect all data from the data logger before installing a new or modified programme Retrieve the old programme from the data logger before installing a new version Turn on the computer and choose the Campbell software program PC208W or Loggernet on the desk Press Connect specify station or data logger type Connect Retrieve dld program Save the retrieved programme into a folder named Program and save in GeoBasis XX ex station M2 Programme and name the file ddmmyyyy_hh mm Use the Campbell software program PC208W or Loggernet on the desk Press Connect specify station or data logger type Connect Associate dld program Send Make sure that the program works Offload data after one hour and check values Remember that snow depth and soil moisture is not recorded in the first six hours after a programme is uploaded 17 Maintenance e Check that all sensors are mounted OK and that cables are covered by flexible steel or PVC conduit e The internal battery in the CR10x has to be changed every third year and in the CR1000 data logger it has to be changed every fifth year Follow separate manual Change internal CR10X battery or CR1000 measurement and control system e For maintenance calibration and rotation of sensors please refer to
55. TAZ Ne ey tA i L t i mek My X REAY ao A atya VDA A md i ie i i Easy i i ne i 7 J YN wae ao BSR ee 4 ne i Pe ii p x i A NM 2 vi ASE f X pa ee Br i ARE REN a yy J7 St ST Ti ee g Wi gt ke M 4 An RE r gt y Pra f Ul Soil moisture access tube F i v i i fi as a YX KS KW TOAD W ae DAAE We ar MM E i P AS Y bg l t vay cia lt T ee Fig 10 19 Looking down into the area in front of the chambers Between the chambers there are fixed metal probes use the top of these to measure the active layer left There are three soil moisture tubes between chamber 1 2 3 4 and 5 6 10 3 6 Soil moisture Soil moisture profiles are measured in three access tubes installed between chamber 1 and 2 chamber 3 and 4 and chamber 5 and 6 Each tube is covered by a black plastic cap to prevent water snow to enter Measurements are performed every third day throughout the field season Notice When the water table is very high the readings may not make any sense due to water logging But as if the soil dries out during the season and especially when the water starts to freeze there might be values at all levels 111 1 Bring a PR2 profile probe and a HH2 meter to the site Remember to change the set up at the HH2 meter from a ML2 to a PR2 probe 2 Remove the cap from the access tube and insert the profile probe The probe should be aligned consistently e
56. The power supply and data logger box was also moved at this occasion In late November 2009 a flood ripped of the sensor and part of the cross arm In august 2012 a very big flooding destroyed the whole hydrometric station the setup for QLiner and remodelled the riverbed After the flood the data logger box was moved approx 100 meters downstream in August 2012 In the spring of 2014 the hydrometric station will be mounted on the new bridge crossing the Zackenberg River The bridge is located approximately half a kilometre north of the Zackenberg research station In the future automatic water level measurements and river discharge measurements will be carried out at this location Location old Hydrometric station st 642 Located at the eastside of Zackenbergelven 30 m south of the river crossing point fig 4 1 and 4 2 UTM 8264567 mN 512600 ME Elevation 14 m a s l Operation 1995 Instrumentation of the station see ASIAQ F A 3 E TNN w A 2 mm BE ae So one A t a ne Me et S wa A Stage level r x nai x aK a an an Batteries and data logger is located c 30 m southeast of the hydrometric station UTM 8264552 mN 512619 mE Elevation 15 m a s l Data storing and power supply Parameters are logged every 15 minutes and data are stored in a data logger CR1000 A satellite connection was installed in 2012 and sends data to the East Climate mast There is no storage module in the station Batteries
57. Y6 Update Rate iHz 1 0 og Exit Wait until the programme recognizes the LiCor and suggests the instrument serial number in the field Connect to For the LiCor 7200 at MM2 I Zackenberg the serial number is AlIU 0514 Press Connect e The following screen will appear LI 7200 Enclosed CO H20 Analyzer 5 0 0 E Oo x Se O 2 gt e NS Disconnect Config Files Inputs Gukpuks Logging Calibration Charting Settings Diagnostics Help coz BFol mol H20 mmolfmol Time 374 74 6 29 10 37 05 000 Cell Temperature 24 Total Pressure kPa Time 10 84 101 11 10 37 05 000 amp Connected to AILHOS14 Integration Off Fel Tl Instrument type LI 7200 LI 7 r00 Mone Instead of Cell temperature and total pressure the programme will usually per default show CO2 and H20 in mmol m3 To change this right click or hold the pen of the PDA for some time on the numbers The window Data items will appear here you can chose between all the parameters logged and display which ever you wish e Write down the values of CO2 H20 temperature and pressure 103 The Automatic Gain Control AGC can be read in Diagnostics or put in one of the small windows by holding the pen on the PDA for some time as described above Typical values for clear windows are near 31 The window should be cleaned before the AGC reaches 52 Note the AGC in the daily field chart Under Sett
58. Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations GeoBasis Guidelines and sampling procedures for the geographical monitoring programme of Zackenberg Basic Ver April 2014 Charlotte Sigsgaard Maria Rask Mylius Kirstine Skov Department of Bioscience Aarhus University amp Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen This edition of the GeoBasis Manual Please notice that this manual is a preliminary edition The GeoBasis programme is subject to changes and improvements and therefore the manual is continuously under construction Missing sections and new updates will be implemented in the next edition If you have questions or comments to this edition please contact Maria Rask Mylius Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen E mail mrp ign ku dk Phone 45 35 32 58 37 Acknowledgements This Geobasis manual are based on the guidelines and experiences given by the scientific consultants fieldworkers labworkers and managers who have been involved in the GeoBasis monitoring programme throughout the last fourteen years In that aspect we would like to thank the following people Ole Humlum Hanne Hvidtfeldt Christiansen Bo Elberling Bjarne Holm Jakobsen Stina N Rasmussen Morten Rasch Hans Meltofte J rgen Hinkler Thomas Friborg Claus Nordstr m Henrik S gaard Bent Hasholt Sten B Pedersen Jens S ndergaard Henriette Anbro Julie Maria Falk
59. a CA1 O00 M3 Public dat C Status C Campbelleci Logger et D ataCA1 O00 M3 Status dat Starting Record Information Record Information _ Select Al L Change File Name start Collection 9 Press Change File Name and write a file name after the principle xxYYMMDD xx M2 M3 M7 or M8 YY year MM month and DD day If you are using the PDA for download make sure that the path in File Name under Table Collection is directing the file to the SD card as the PDA itself cannot hold large amounts of data 10 Press Start Collection 11 Finally collection is confirmed 12 Data is now located in the default path shown under Table Collection Make a safety backup of data and move it to the right station folder in the GeoBasis directory depending on the station in question Offloading data from CR1000 data logger by changing CF card M2 M3 M7 M8 MM1 and MM2 Offload from CR1000 loggers by changing the CF card should only be performed when the station is first visited in the spring after the winter break or if there are problems with direct download that cannot be solved within a reasonable timeframe 13 3 5 6 Bring a formatted Compact Flash II data card file system FAT32 other formats may also work It s very important that the CF card is formatted and contains no files Press Remove Card on the data logger see Fig 2 8 When the LED diode turns green you can
60. ach time it is inserted using the alignment marks on the access tube and the label on the probe handle Press read on the HH2 meter for an instantaneous reading Soil moisture is measured in 4 levels by the probe 10 cm interval Take the average of three readings at each location with the tube rotated through 120 each time the three small screw heads can be used for this purpose 3 Notice The probe measures the soil moisture using electromagnetic radiation therefore ALWAYS make sure that the probe is completely dry before inserted into the holster that is used for storing the probe 10 3 7 Level measurement Once during the season when the soil is frozen the level instrument Topcon or levelling is brought out to the Methane site and relative levels of all Fix points and Installations are measured 1 Follow the procedure for using Topcon in section 13 1 3 Perform one level measurement with the Topcon installed in one place then move the Topcon instrument repeat the measurements Take the average of the two measurements 2 Follow the Field Chart 23 to see the exact points where the level must be determined 10 3 8 Chamber Volume measurements Once a week during the main season volume is measured in all the chambers This is done because the volume changes with the flowering and senescence of the vegetation In the outer seasons it will most probably be necessary to intensify the measurements because the chambers are filled with
61. after arrival to Zackenberg and frequently during the season see field programme Equipment to be used e Laptop computer with USB reader and adapters for reading SD memory cards Voltage meter Screwdriver Watch User manual for each camera digital copy on the computer Spare 12 V battery Silica bags There is a spare box on Nansenblokken where tools or batteries and a copy of the manuals can be left 30 Camera 1 Covers the southern part of the valley and Young Sound Camera Kodak CX 6200 Met Support Camera has operated since 2004 Memory card 256 MB Secure Digital card Battery Inside box 12 V 7 Ah Charged by solar panels in the box cover Photos from this position started 1999 Camera 2 Covers the main part of the study area in the valley Camera HP Photosmart E427 IGG techn Camera has operated since 2008 Memory card 2 GB Secure Digital card Battery 2 x 2 V 5 Ah Charged by solar panels in the box cover Photos from this position started 1997 Camera 3 Covers the northern part of the valley Camera Kodak CX 6200 Met Support Camera has operated since 2005 Memory card 2 GB Secure Digital card Battery 12V 7 Ah Charged by solar panels in the box cover Photos from this position started 2001 Offloading cameras 1 Open the camera box by undoing the four screws and carefully remove the lid be aware of cables from the solar panel in the lid attached to the battery in the box 2 Rem
62. agnet into the sample solution 72 Insert the thoroughly rinsed and calibrated pH electrode into the sample make sure that the rotating magnet does not touch the glass electrode Record pH in field chart when readings stabilize Fill the 2 ml dispenser with 0 01 M HCI see fig 8 1 Tap to make sure you have no bubbles and adjust the amount to exact 2 ml the max amount that this dispenser can hold Notice To avoid contamination of the HCI never fill the dispenser direct from the bottle Pour a small sample into a clean beaker bottle and fill refill from there Place the tip of the dispenser in the water and start to add 0 01 M HCI slowly into the sample Give time for the pH meter to adjust During the addition of HCI the water must be gently stirred to mix the solution magnetic stirrer Keep adding HCI until pH in the sample solution drops to pH 4 5 In well buffered water samples a 0 05 or 0 1 M HCI may be used instead of 0 01 M HCI Notice If another concentration is used make sure that the dispenser is rinsed well in between Record the volume of 0 01 M HCI added in the field chart Calculation of alkalinity Alkalinity mmol L added HCI ml concentration of HCI mol L volume of sample ml 1000 8 4 Preparation of samples prior to chemical analysis Samples of river water need to be filtered prior to further analysis Soil water samples have already been filtered through the ceramic suction probes pore siz
63. alley MagnaProbe see fig 2 10 and 2 11 and by using Ground Penetrating Radar GPR The end of winter snowpack in Zackenberg tends to be very hard packed with a high density and manual depth measurements with a probe can be hard When there is above 2 m of snow the GPR is a better choice as the rod probe can pack the snow and make it impossible to penetrate to the ground Also ice layers can give false impressions of snow depth Frequency Snow depth surveys are performed as soon as possible after arrival to get the end of winter snow accumulation Preferably the measurements should be performed before the snow cover 18 becomes isothermal and starts to rapidly melt During the ablation period measurements should be repeated on a weekly basis Location Snow depths are measured along two transects within the valley SNM transect and along the ZERO line SNZ transect Fig 2 10 and at all the soil water sites see section 9 1 2 For spatial variability snow depth is also measured in the grid net ZEROCALM 1 with 121 points see chapter 4 And finally snow depths are measured along two lines in ZEROCALM 2 see chapter 4 row 1 and row 6 For active layer measurements in the ZEROCALM plots see chapter 4 SNM Transect The SNM transect cover the lower part of the valley Fig 2 10 and Table 2 1 Snow depths are measured for approximately every 20 m starting from Loms heading towards the moraine hills The positions SNM1 to SNM7 in tabl
64. an i Fig10 5A look into the enclosure from the Back left Gas supply for the Licor7000 right 96 Troubleshooting Notice The concentration of CO should range between approximately 370 410 ppm CO depending on whether there is a net uptake or emission how photo synthetically active the vegetation is If the concentration changes within 5 ppm from one day to another it won t have great impact on the flux but calibration should be performed if the trend continues Notice that ambient CO concentration does change during the course of a year for example the global mean CO2 was 395 ppm in May 2011 while it was 389 ppm in October 2011 this seasonal decrease is due to CO gt uptake by terrestrial ecosystems during the northern hemisphere summer 10 1 5 Changing filters Frequency The Sample filter S in front of the sample in cell is changed every month and the Reference filter R in front of the reference cell is changed yearly Filters can be changed without calibration if the CO2 readings look reasonable However once in the middle of the season mid July a calibration should be performed when the filter is changed anyway Also if a significant drop in analyser pressure Pan is detected it may be because the sample filter is blocked by dirt Then the filter should be changed Normal analyser pressure ranges 86 to 92 kPa A sudden increase in Pan to ambient levels i e about 101 kPa indicates a big leak or
65. are continuously charged by solar panels Frequency Data from the hydrometric station is retrieved by a satellite modem in the East mast of the Climate Station and send to ASIAQ Equipment to be used e See section 2 1 1 and Fig 2 7 e Screw driver Multitool e Ranging pole 56 Offloading data from the Hydrometric Station 1 Measure the vertical distance from the SR50sensor lower point to the snow water surface using a ranging pole with cm graduation Record distance date and time Also measure the actual water snow depth below the sensor and the total distance from river bed to SR50 This is only possible when the water level is low and you can walk out to the sensor 2 The data logger is connected to the satellite connection on the East climate mast Off load data logger by the procedures written in section 2 1 1 Maintenance e Wires from the hydrometric station tend to loosen during winter months Strengthen the wires to keep the station in position OBS It is important to know the exact position of the sonic sensor during the season Use a level instrument and measure the position at least once per season and before and after any modifications at the hydrometric station that influences the position of the sonic sensor e The SR50 sensor has to point directly towards the surface If it has been bend please rectify the sensor and write down date and time for this and record how many degrees the sensor was bend Remember to measu
66. ature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 0 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 10 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 30 cm 30 min SoilTemperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 60 cm 6 hour Soil moisture A Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 10 cm 6 hour Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 30 cm 6 hour Snow Depth Cm Sonic range sensor SR50 Campbell Scientific 188 cm 30 min Red 660 umol m Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 200 cm 30 min NIR Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 200 cm 30 min RVI Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 200 cm 30 min NDVI Skye radiation sensor SKR110 SKYE 200 cm 30 min SoilHeat W m2 Heat flux plate HTF3 Campbell Scientific 1 cm 30 min Si W m2 Net radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 200 cm 30 min Su W m2 Net radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 200 cm Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Li W m2 Net radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 200 cm 30 min Lu W m2 Net radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 200 cm 30 min CNR1 Temp C Net radiometer CNR1 Kipp amp Zonen 200 cm 30 min Net Rs W m2 30 min Net Ri W m2 30 min Albedo 30 min Net Rad W m2 30 min Li cor W m2 30 min Lu cor W m2 30 min Temp Skye K 30 min Temp Ground K Table 3 Micrometeorological station MM1 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30
67. cecescecces 106 10 2 6 Offloading of data from Li 7200 sccscscecsccscsccccccscsceccccccscececcccscscescecscsceceececsceseececces 106 10 2 7 Automatic water level measurements at MM2 sessesesessesessesessssesseosssecesososcssoesssoesssoesseseee 106 10 2 8 Automatic camera at MM 25 serene ennen annen a 106 10 2 9 Preparation for Winter nsis a dende a a odeauetecess 106 10 3 Flux monitoring at the Methane Station cccscccsccscscecsccscsceccccscscsccccccscsceccccscscececcecsceseesess 107 10 3 L Power SUPPI V eiai d e a nerne a a a nere Der O 107 103 2 S0 temper tU O sisane a a a a TE SEE SE SEERE SEERE ES ES EDESES NERE RENEE 108 10 33 Water talens a a a a a E 108 10 3 4 Dark chamber measurements sesesesessssececesesescececesesescececesesesoececeseseecececesesescececeseseececes 110 1O SACVEN ana a a a ae a a a DENE REESE FEER SETE 111 10 36 SON MOIS UUTE aies e T a EA 111 10 3 7 LEVElMEASUNEINON IE cases sac esvasasedaws ean aa a E E 112 10 3 8 Chamber Volume MEASUrEMENKS sceccecsccccsccccsccccsceccececcecsccccnceccececcsceccececeecscescsceccscess 112 10 3 9 Overview over daily check sessssesessesesssoesssoesssoesssoesssoessssesssseossseossssosessosessossseossesseesese 113 10 3 10 Overview over weekly Check cscscsccscscecsccscsceccccscsceccccecscsccececscscescecscsceccececscesescecnces 113 10 311 TROUDIESMOOUINE suen a a a a a i 113 1l A rosolmMONtOriNE seieun a a nous suis es wa a a a
68. cted in order to analyse for mercury Hg and estimate the amount of mercury transported from land to the marine environment Hg concentrations are determined in both the filtered water and in the sediment Location Water samples are collected from the Zackenberg river near the hydrometric station Snow is collected from the snow pack near the climate station Frequency of sampling e Soon after arrival to Zackenberg 10 snow samples are collected Preferably from new snow or from the top of the snow pack below the surface e Inthe early season samples of the very first melt water is collected from the Zackenberg river 76 Daily water samples from the Zackenberg river during the first 10 days the river is running In June samples are collected every second day 8 00 In July and August samples are collected every third day 8 00 In September and October samples are collected every second day 8 00 In case of a flood situation the sampling must be intensified c every second hour Cleaning of all equipment All equipment for mercury sampling and filtering has to be rinsed in 20 Nitric acid prior to sampling Use gloves or wash your hands after working with the acid Avoid getting the acid on your clothes Collect the waste acid in a bottle for later return to DMU The cleaning procedure must be carried out 1 2 times more during the season or if you find it necessary Collection of water 1 Bring two pre rinsed plastic bottles 1x 250
69. ctive layer temperature UTM 8264649 mN 513045 mE Elevation 34 m a s l Installation depth 0 15 cm Operation period 2002 2006 Re installed in 2007 at 0 10 30 cm Sal 2 Adjacent to the BioBasis plot Sal 6 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs Subject Active layer temperature UTM 8264692 mN 513723 mE Elevation 40 m a s l Installation depth 0 10 30 cm Operation period 2003 Dry 1 Adjacent to the BioBasis plot Dry 3 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs Subject Active layer temperature UTM 8265045 mN 513816 mE Elevation Installation depth 0 10 30 cm Operation period 2003 Mix 1 Adjacent to the BioBasis phenology plot Pap 3 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs Subject Active layer temperature UTM 8264348 mN 513567 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 0 10 30 cm 30 cm was cut by foxes in 2006 and have not been replaced Operation period 2004 45 K1 Adjacent to the automatic chamber nr 1 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs When the box melts free of snow the logger should be offloaded batteries changed and the logging interval changed to every 5 minutes Subject Active layer temperature UTM 8265544 mN 513271 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 30 cm Operation period 2010 K6
70. d 50 ml vial with a sub sample of soil water for further analysis The vial plastic bottle should be filled to leave no air space Fill a pre rinsed 20 ml vial with a sub sample of soil water for further analysis leave space for extension due to freezing of this subsample Label the vials after the system ID XX DDMMYY where ID site XX installation depth DD Day MM Month YY Year Store the 50 ml sample cold lt 5 C and dark in accordance with guidelines in section 8 4 Store the 20 ml sample in the freezer lt 18 C 89 e The rest of the sample is used for pH and alkalinity analysis Preferably 50 ml are needed but in case of limited amounts samples down to 15 ml can be used pH and alkalinity tests are made on the same sample according to the procedures given in section 8 2 and 8 3 e After the season all soil water samples are brought to Denmark Keep frozen samples frozen during transport and cold samples cold during transport All 50 ml subsamples are brought to Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management for further analysis and frozen 20 ml subsamples are brought to Biological Institute for further analysis Keep a list of all stored samples for further analysis and include it when handing over the samples to the laboratories Contact Contact Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Department of Biology www bi ku dk Management Anders Michelsen Vagn Moser E mail andersm bi ku dk E mail vagnm ig
71. e ane Fig 8 5 Pre rinsed mercury bottle on the scale left Filter set up right 16 Once a month save one unused filter in a bag as a blind test of the filters Label the ba with date and time fold the filter and save it with the other filters There should be approx 8 10 blind test filters during the season 79 9 Soil moisture and soil water monitoring Soil solution chemistry is likely to be affected by physical and chemical changes in the environment and also to have important effects on the ecosystem processes In order to monitor terrestrial response to changes in the environmental conditions the fundamental chemical composition of soil water are measured By these analyses plant nutrient status and ongoing soil forming processes are reflected Also physical dynamics are monitored by continuous measurements of variables like soil water content and soil temperature Parameters to be measured Soil moisture Soil temperature Soil water chemistry Outline of chemical analysis is given Dry 1 Sal 2 In App 6 gt K2 and K3 S2 and S3 x Young Sund Fig 9 1 Photo looking Southeast from Nansen blokken Location of soil water plots are marked by red crosses Meteorological stations are marked by white crosses Zackenberg station and the runway are in the center of the photo Soil water plots are installed adjacent to already existing BioBasis phenology plots 9 1 Soil moisture Changes in soil moistur
72. e 2 microns Filtering of samples should take place within 36 hours of collection See section 7 3 and App 6 for an outline of chemical analysis measured on the water samples collected in Zackenberg Equipment to be used Filter funnel assembly Fig 8 1 right Whatman GF F filters Glass fibre filters Retention diameter 0 7 um Filtering flask with plastic hose connection and socket 2L Vacuum pump Millipore Clean sample bottles with cap 50 ml or 20 ml Filtering water samples 1 All parts of the filter assembly must be thoroughly rinsed with de ionized water Rinse between samples and use a new filter for every sample 73 A special string device see Fig 8 1 right allows a clean sample collection bottle to be placed inside the filtering bottle to capture filtered water direct from the funnel Connect the tube from the filtering flask to the pump Add some of the sampled water into the funnel on top of the filtering flask Start the electrical vacuum pump Fill half the collection bottle switch off the pump and open for air intake Move the funnel from the filtering flask and take out the collection bottle Use these first captured millilitres of filtered water to rinse the collection bottle and cap After shaking vigorously discard the water and place the rinsed collection bottle in the filtering flask again Pour at least 50 20 ml of your sample into the funnel Start the pump again When the rinsed collecting bottle is ful
73. e 2 1 are used to outline the transect White nylon sticks poles with an orange top are used as an extra help to mark the transect when there is snow on the ground On the way from SNM3 SNM4 you pass nearby the NE corner in ZC 1 When you are heading from SNM6 SNM 7 the big antenna at the station can be used as a fix point SNZ Transect The SNZ transect starts in the old delta and ends just north of the snow and micrometeorological station M3 located halfway up the mountain Aucellabjerg All the way the transect runs next to the ZERO line The positions SNZ 1 to SNZ 7 are used to outline the transect Table 2 2 White nylon sticks poles with an orange top are used as an extra help to mark the transect when there is snow on the ground Northing Easting Description Northing Easting Description 8263425 513503 Starting near Loms 8263626 512732 ZL 1 8263903 513648 Stake 2 8264110 513038 ZL 12 8264686 513472 Stake 3 8264161 513073 ZL 20 8266093 513538 Stake 5 8265175 513714 ZL 38 8267089 513637 Stake 6 8266178 514341 ZL 66 8265686 513190 Close to river 8266903 514927 ZL 91 8264859 513361 The NW corner of ZC 1 8268495 516152 End c 100 m NE of M3 Table 2 1 Fix points for the SNM transect Table 2 2 Fix points for the SNZ transect ZEROCALM 1 ZC 1 Located right north of the climate station on a horizontal and well drained Cassiope heath The site consist of 121 measuring points in a 100 m x 100 m grid 11 almost N S oriented rows each with
74. e CR1000 in 10 1 7 Make sure all data has been retrieved before changing the power supply from the Efoy cells to the main power supply coming from the generator at the station 3 Transport the following equipment to the site e Licor 7000 Computer Toughbook and power cables Calibration gas 400 ppm CO gt Nitrogen gas 30 liter can be found in the Geobasis shelter Manual for calibrating Licor7000 separate manual by Magnus Lund directory XXX Boardwalks extra Tools umbracoset og topn gler Strips Gaffa Snow shovel Voltage meter Flow meter Compass Bobble level 1 Follow the road track when you enter the valley A set of GPS coordinates give you the position of the road and the first part of the road between the runway and the climate station are marked by poles with a green top placed at the N and W side of the track road Always stick to the road 2 Check that the masts are fine and completely vertical use bobble level and that the sensors are fine Keep walking around the masts to a minimum Use skies or snowshoes 3 Remove snow around the enclosure Make sure there is enough space so that the doors can open 4 The power cable 220 V is mounted in a plastic bottle on the steel stand Insert the power cable through the hole in the bottom of the enclosure Insert all the cables from the mast through this hole When all cables are inserted close the hole by foam material to prevent snow from entering the enclosure
75. e in the software program is right Notice Standby mode of the computer can stop the clock in the TinyTag communication program Click Start to program the settings into the logger Check the Launch confirmation box to see if the logger program is right 48 Input of data to the local database Export the original ttd file in TinyTag Explorer Press View Table of readings and File Export All cells Use the same filename and save it as a text file txt TinyTag data are saved in the folder GeoBasis TinyTag YYYY SS_YYYY SS site YYYY year Files are split into calendar years 1 January to 31 December Open the text files in Excel and copy data in order to fulfil the worksheet from the previous year and start a new file for the actual year Quick validation of data e Make a plot for the calendar year e Control the data quality Check that the time series are adequate and that the temperature interval looks reasonable e Remove defect data and single outliers from the dataset Interpolate values where single data are missing e Record every manipulation under Remarks If the data file is complete and looks satisfactory calculate minimum maximum and mean temperature Save statistic results in the worksheet TinyTag statistic GeoBasis TinyTags Tinytag statistic e Add information about each TinyTag logger in the file TinyTag logbook GeoBasis TinyTags TinyTag logbook Troubleshooting If communication
76. e levels are measured in the active layer under the dominating vegetation communities in the valley Measurements of temperature and soil moisture at different levels in the ground give important information on hydrological and thermal properties in the active layer Soil moisture and temperature strongly affect microbial activity in the soil and thereby control the nutrient release into the soil solution Soil moisture is measured continuously automatic at four sites MM2 M2 M3 and M4 and manually at four sites Dry 1 Sal 1 Sal 2 and Mix 1 and in two transects in ZC 2 row 1 and row 6 9 1 1 Automatic soil moisture monitoring Soil moisture is automatically recorded using soil moisture sensors from Delta T ThetaProbe ML2x installed in the active layer No soil specific calibration has been performed Installation depth is given for each station in the section below 80 Meteorological station M2 Located on a south facing slope in the ZEROCALM 2 grid approximately 200 m south of the runway The mast is situated on the border between an upper zone of Cassiope and lower zone of Salix vegetation UTM 8264501 mN 512748 mE Elevation 17 m a s l Installation depth 10 and 30 cm Operation period 2003 Instrumentation of the station Table 1 App3 Meteorological station M3 Located on a gently south west facing slope halfway up Aucella Approximately 100 m north of this station you find point 100 and 101 on the ZERO line The do
77. ear the top at K1 and K6 The diver must hang freely in the water and not touch the inner tube or the bottom of the tube 4 Record the time for installation and measure all the distances asked for in the Field chart 21 e Distance from top of string to measuring line on the diver e Distance from top of white tube to water table e Distance from Fix pole to top of white tube Next to the white tube there is a metal stick which is drilled into the permafrost This stick is used as a Fix point Whenever the distance from the top of the tube to the water level is measured the distance between the top of the Fix pole and the top of the white tube must also be registered e Distance from Top of Fix pole to vegetation surface e Distance from the top of the white tube to the frozen surface inside and outside the tube early in the season Notice In the early season water is frozen inside the tubes Therefore it might be necessary to change the level of the diver a few times and every time you make any changes remember to record exact time and measure all the distances from the field chart before and after What to do on a daily basis e Read water table level at the Water level site WLS at least once a day Use a folding rule and measure distance from the 0 point and down to the water table Record the distance with exact day and time in Field chart 20 What to do on a weekly basis e Measure distance from the top of the white tube to the
78. ecececececececscecs 43 Beds DIV Aes Od tal OCC ETS nin ademas teoslesusuaadswasieaunaenesncemesneenedusunadseucseesetebenscaeesdesssees 43 5 2 GeEO Precision permafrost TEMPECLatULe ccsccccsceccccccscsccccccscsceccccecsceccccecscsceccecscscescecscscesecsecsees 49 6 Support of the ClimateBasis monitoring programme cccececcccscecsccccsceccccecscsceccccscsceccccecsceseccccececees 53 6 UTNE Climate STATION arne a needed 53 6 2 the Hydrometrie statio roerne a a a a e anser 54 7 River Water MONILONNG asisabsodscecceaahceaieacieedceaeeccausedtwa deuak Cancun a a a a a 55 F 1 Water level Monitorning ssrin a a a a a a aaa 55 7 1 1 Automatic water level monitoring sesessesessesesssoesssoesssoecssoesssoeossosossseossseossseossssossseossssosese 55 7 1 2 Manual water level monitoring sessesessesessesesssoessscesosoesssoesssoesssosossoeossseossseossssossseosessosese 57 7 1 3 Installation of OBS sensor and conductivity sensor ssesessssessesesessessssessssecssseossssossseossssoeese 58 7 2 Water discharge measurements sesessesessesessecoessscesosoecsssoecsssososssessssecssseossseosessossssoesssosessoecssoeee 60 7 3 RIVE water chemistry seirian neries a a a Na 65 7 3 1 Water sampling in Zackenbergelven s sessesessesessssessscesssoesssoesssosossoessssesssseossseosessossseosssessese 65 Topcon opmalng af elvens essct a a a a a a Ea 69 8 Procedure for Water handling s ssesessesessssesssoessscesssoesssoes
79. ed from the centre of the clasp nut on the plate See separate manual Topcon opmaling 7 1 3 Installation of OBS sensor and conductivity sensor Variation in suspended sediment in the river water is measured every 15 minutes by an optical back scatter OBS 3 sensor The sensor is mounted on a metal construction Fig 7 7 together with a conductivity sensor and a diver pressure transducer Sensors are installed as soon as possible after river breakup and removed by the end of the season before they freeze in After river break up The steel device with sensors is left at the hydrometric station where the cables are coiled Fig 7 8 Sensors are protected in plastic bottles 1 Make sure that the optical pass of the OBS sensor is clean and pointing into the river ina direction with no obstacles At least 20 cm above river bed and with no big boulders to scatter 2 For the conductivity sensor make sure that water can pass freely through the sensor 3 Adiver pressure transducer is mounted on the frame as well The diver is set to log every 15 minutes See how to start the diver in the Diver Office_ 2009 1 manual Make sure to test the divers before placing them in the river Test the divers in a bucket with two different water depths and temperatures Place the barodiver next to the bucket and check data to see if the diver is working properly 4 When sensors are securely fastened to the frame wade into the river and find an area with
80. eep a backup of the raw data with original filenames Laboratory work Images are transformed into digital orthophotos which are used for snow cover mapping after ended field season separate manual by Kirstine Skov Maintenance e 12 V batteries inside the camera box must be replaced every year e Check plastic glass in front of the lens and clean or change if necessary e Change the box lid if the plastic becomes unclear less transparent as the effect of the solar panel on the inside of the lid will be reduced Trouble shooting e Always check the power supply if cameras have stopped taking photos e Make sure the timer and the camera has the right date and time settings otherwise photos will not be captured e Check that the memory card has enough free space e Consult the User Guide for camera and timer e f problems cannot be solved in the field undo the box and bring the camera box to the Station e Incase one of the cameras at Nansenblokken break down then replace by one of the spare cameras at the station or one of the cameras placed at the river crossing or the delta front Nansenblokken cameras are our first priority 33 2 3 2 Manual snow cover monitoring Digital images of the main study area in the Zackenberg valley are also captured manually to ensure high resolution photos on certain days during the snow melt period Location Photos are captured from the top of Nansenblokken on the east slope of Zackenberg fjelde
81. ell Scientific 2 cm 720 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 20 cm 720 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 30 cm 720 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 40 cm 720 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 107 Campbell Scientific 50 cm 720 min Soil temperature_initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 2 cm 720 min Soil temperature initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 8 cm 720 min Soil temperature initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 12 cm 720 min Soil temperature initia C Specific heat sensor Dual probe 16 cm Table 8 Micrometeorological station M7 Store S dal Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Battery V 30 min Panel temperature C 30 min Si W m Pyranometer SP lite Kipp amp Zonen 30 min Air temperature C Temp and Rel hum probe HMP45C Vaisala 200 cm 30 min Relative humidity Temp and Rel hum probe HMP45C Vaisala 200 cm 30 min Sensor Body temp SE C 30 min Surface temp TT C IRR P Apogee Campbell Scientific 30 min Wind speed_Avg m s Cup anemometer A100R Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Wind speed_Max m s Cup anemometer A100R Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Wind direction Geograr Windwane W200P Campbell Scientific 200 cm 30 min Snow depth cm Sonic range sensor SR50 Campbell Scientific 193 cm APPENDIX 4 GPS positions in Zackenberg GPS positions of all GeoBasis and ClimateBas
82. em e Field chart Q liner skema_Zackenberg Fast maleprofil e Q liner manual made by ASIAQ Vandfgringsmalinger Zackenbergelven 63 e Q liner located in House 2 in a big box Remember to charge battery e PDA Remember to charge battery extra 9 V battery e Field chart 15 Procedure 1 Follow point 1 3 in the above section Manual discharge measurement using propeller 2 Follow instructions given in the Q liner manual and fill out the field chart i T a i gt 8 4 Ls y gt aM eet et Ps ie Z gt Loh 4 Fig 7 13 Q liner boat in the river left PDA connected to computer mid Attaching the Qliner to the wire right Input of data into the local database Export data from the PDA to the computer follow the instruction in the Q liner manual Quick validation of data e Use the program Qreview to process the data Read the operating instructions for the Qreview software e Choose File Open and then the file you want to work with Check that the velocity profiles for each vertical looks satisfactory Suspicious measurements can be excluded Edit remove the tick mark under valid in the actual vertical e Press Edit First edge position correct the depth to the average depth between the last depth measured by propeller and the depth in the vertical first measured by Q liner e When all corrections has been performed press Apply and Recalculate All Maintenance e After t
83. ember to always note voltage on the battery time on the timer actual time etc in the field chart or diary 3 Remove the SD card from the camera Make sure not to eject it when the picture is taken 13 20 and copy all images to the computer hard disk Images on the card should only be deleted if the remaining free space on the card is low 31 4 Check that there is an image from each day and that they look all right no major reflections or dirt in front of the lens 5 Re insert the card in the camera Make sure that the orientation of the card is right Press to ensure good connection 6 Before you close the waterproof box make sure that the camera is OFF dark display the timer is left with the switch button in the position Timed or on sleep mode cam 1 and cam3 there is a bag of desiccant silica gel in the box and that the window in front of the lens is clean a asyl 2 CHANGE PROGRAM DAY 1 2 3 4 ON OFF TIMED Fig 2 17 Camera model used at camera position 1 and 3 Produced by Met Support upper left Camera model used at camera position 2 Produced by Department of Geography and Geology Technicians upper right Illustration of the timer lower left and illustration of camera 2 backside lower right Camera settings Make sure the date and time on the camera is right In case of power failure the camera may lose its internal data and time stamp and will not be able to take photos Always make sure that
84. er so that no light can reach inside the chamber Leave it on for the period the chamber is closed Keep an eye on your watch remove the box again just before the chamber opens 3 Move on to the next chamber and repeat the process until you have covered all chambers Record in the Methane log book on the LGR when the measurement was performed and details about the weather conditions cloud cover and so on 110 i at is i i A i Fig 10 18 Chamber 2 covered with box for dark chamber measurements left Water traps inside the hut mid Looking into white tube with diver right 10 3 5 Active layer Every third day the depth of the active layer is measured next to each chamber The active layer should be measured by the fixed metal probes Use a metal probe and press it in down in the soil until you feel resistance from the frozen soil Record the distance from the frozen surface to the top of the fixed metal probes EN WOA is YW AAY WSK x WAN ete a in is NA VASER ti AN ve i N i ANAA LEN Y ai gt be IN af ts tes 5 pi it CA al i Veep S ry 25 a j hi j 0 TS HR vr Nag s e PETE i S AE ve A Aiea i 4 T M A 4 Jat i a wey we RY 4 i 44 i my b ew fa re he oe 3 EAN i ta a Wit d Ce all a mr a i 7 MS a r S A x ye wan Active layer KR i a ae Gay KV BIL pete Sy gee er EROS N av pet j SP WA LA yh VS ark id BL S ARK 4y SIS AY gt oe ee Ny X i y
85. ery second After such a round a round of dark chamber measurements is conducted see section 10 3 4 Furthermore volume of the chambers section 10 3 8 distances in relation to divers section 10 3 3 active layer and soil moisture is measured 10 3 11 Troubleshooting If a lid is down even though the chamber is not currently running the problem can be that the split on the motor is worn down and needs changing In order to do so the lid needs to be dismounted from the base loosening 6 screws on the inside of the chamber Then the motor can be dismounted from the frame remember to remove the power supply first Use a pincer plier to remove the old split and press the new one in Put the motor back into the lid frame and place the lid on the base again It can be a tedious exercise and patience is precious If the lid is kind of pumping even though it is fully closed or opens at the time that it is supposed to be closed the lid is probably not touching the stop switches properly They sometimes get a little out of place and a gentle push will get them back on track Especially when the chamber is closed the graph can look strange if the lid is pumping since this might push some of the air out of the chamber The stop switches do also have a limited life time If one suppresses a switch it should give a tick sound If it does not it needs to be replaced Due to the thawing and freezing of the soil during the season the frames can m
86. esssoecsssesssoeosssesssoeoseseossseossssossseosessoeese 18 2 1 3 Using MagnaProbe for snow depth measurements ssesessesessssessssessssessssesssseossssossseossseoeese 21 2 1 4 Using ground penetrating radar for snow depth measurements cccececcscsceccccscscsceccccscecees 24 ZZ A Making SNOW DIES sier aan cus sans ee aw paw neta oasuewacawewanaasaouee eta tatiana 27 2 2 2 Collection of snow Samples for mercury ANAlYSIS ccccsccccccsceccccccscsceccccscsceccccecscececcecscscess 29 2 3 SNOW cover and SNOW depletion csccscscecsccscsceccccccsceccccccscsceccecscsceccececscsseccecscscescececsceseececeees 30 2 3 1 Automatic SNOW and ice cover monitoring ccccscscscecscsccccccccccccececscscncecscscncecscececsccccsceeeees 30 2 3 2 Manual snow cover monitoring ccsceccccscsccccccscsccccccscsceccccscnceseccecscsceccecscucescececsceseececscesess 34 3 Automatic digital camera MOMNITOLING cccececcccscsccccccscsccccccscsceccccecscececcecscecessecscscescececsceseesecscssess 36 3 1 Automatic camera at glacier lake ccscsssssscscsrscnccscarcenccscnccecccscnccececccncescecccncascecccscnscscccscnsenes 36 32 Calibration of camera less ondere nende needed 37 4 Soil thaw and development Of active layer ccccccccscscecsccscsceccccscsceccececscecescecscscescecscsceseececsceseesess 39 5 Temperature in SNOW ground air and WaALtEL cecececsccccccccccccccececscscececscscecscecececcccscec
87. et bliver tomt p n r et lille b Dette betyder at opstillingen er skredet libellen er ikke l ngere i vater Herved skal der laves ny opstilling og alt skal m les ind igen Hvis batteri blinker er opm ling mulig men batteriet skal oplades N r batteriet er opbrugt bliver displayet tomt 70 8 Procedure for Water handling From the moment water samples are gathered they begin to deteriorate as a result of chemical and microbiological processes Therefore it is essential to carry out chemical analysis as soon as possible after collection and to store water cold and dark at prescribed temperatures For longer transportation samples should be stored in a cool freeze box Fig 8 1 Laboratory in Zackenberg pH meter next to the magnetic stirrer The pH electrode is held by the lower cramp and the acid dispenser is held by the upper cramp left Analytical balance middle Device for filtration of water samples Filtered water is collected directly into a clean sample bottle Vacuum is applied by the electrical pump connected to the glass bottle right 8 1 Conductivity measurement Conductivity must be measured within 36 hours in an unfiltered subsample Conductivity is measured in the field or in the station laboratory using a conductivity instrument For calibration operation cleaning and storage of the conductivity instrument see the Operation Manual stored in the laboratory 1 Place the conductivity cell in the unfiltered
88. f E E F E T t A ii i i x x p i gt da eg Fig 5 2 Location of the ten Geo Precision strings in the Zackenberg valley Logger ID Northing Easting Grassland A50453 8264505 00 513383 00 Moderate Fen A50452 8265608 00 513415 00 Met Station A50458 8264883 49 513385 22 A50456 top A50459 bottom ZC 2 Middle A05461 8263992 63 513019 97 Runway Snowdrift 8264323 52 513112 34 ZC 2 Lower A50451 8263969 57 512988 11 ZC 2 Upper A51195 8264043 51 513043 51 Triangle A5044E 8263464 22 512322 36 Wet Fen A50446 8265641 00 513272 00 Fan A5044B 8266383 00 513593 00 Table 5 1 UTM coordinates of the ten Geo Precision strings in the Zackenberg Valley 5 2 1 Offloading data from the Geo Precision strings If possible offload the Geo Precision strings at the site Notice The data logger doesn t have to be stopped before the readings are retrieved or restarted again 1 Connect the WIFI dongle to the computer or PDA and start the GP5W Shell software When it starts loggers that are within range will appear in the right hand column and you can click one and then press the button on the left that says identify logger 50 Selected Logger 4504438 Using Wieless Dongle 433 MH2V2 0 HFICOSE MONI v A5044F llll 116 gt Selected Logger RAS044B 7 450454 III 1297 PASOASS MIL 1257 Pd Date tom Dak g lt GLORIA gt GPSW Shell Wireless Fig 5 3 Logger shows itself in the box to the righ
89. f dry filter in the field chart Place the filter in the manifold funnel assembly and attach the filter cup A drop of water will help to keep filter in position Three samples can be run at the same time Dry wipe the sample bottle cap do not shake on the outside and record the total weight in the field chart Pour water into the filter cup Start the vacuum pump and open the connection to the filter cup upright position Keep pouring water until only the sediment rich water is left in the bottle Shake the bottle and pour the last water in the filter cup Use filtered water to spray flush the sample bottle and make sure that all sediment grains are flushed out of the bottle You can add as much filtered water as you need to clean the bottle it is only the amount of sediment we measure Weigh the clean empty bottle cap and record the weight in the field chart Spray the sides of the filter cup to move all sediment to the filter and stop the electrical pump when the sediment on the filter looks dry Move the sediment filter to a small tray of tin foil Write a sample label ID next to the filter Dry the filter in the oven at 105 C until the weight is stable Remember that there is normally no power during night in Zackenberg and the drying may take longer than expected if the oven cools down at night 75 10 Move the filters into the desiccator and let them cool down to room temperature or leave them in the oven to c
90. fails e Try to change the battery or try to leave the data logger open for drying e If you bring the logger inside from the cold do not open until it has reached room temperature in order to prevent condensation e Check that you have attached the cable at the right plug on the logger 5 2 Geo Precision permafrost temperature In September 2012 ten Geo Precision temperature strings were installed in different settings around the Zackenberg valley Two of these installations are deep boreholes while the remaining are shallow 2m 5m satellite boreholes The installations record ground temperatures in different locations throughout the valley allowing a broader view of the ground thermal regime within the valley All sites are instrumented with Geo Precision thermistor strings and data loggers These systems are quite simple to operate The whole system is one cylindrical logger either stainless steel or black plastic attached by a screw on tri pin connector to the thermistor chain Location and coordinates of the logger sites are shown in fig 5 2 and table 5 1 Below is a short manual on how to offload data Further information about the sites and maintenance can be found in the manual by Jordan R Mertes Zackenberg Geo Precision Permafrost Temperature Sensors which can be found House 4 49 5 Sy men x RUM SA ms aS par a 7 re N Si We d ie ne dl J Ca vy big an ia Be re ba r
91. fic Ocm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 5 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 2 5 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 10 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 20 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 30 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 40 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scientific 60 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105E Type E Campbell Scientific 125 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105E Type E Campbell Scientific 150 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105E Type E Campbell Scientific 250 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105E Type E Campbell Scientific 300 cm 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105E Type E Campbell Scientific 323 cm 30 min Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 5 cm 30 min Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 10 cm 30 min Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 30 cm 30 min Soil moisture Soil moisture probe Theta ML2x Delta T Cambridge UK 50 cm Red 660 nm umol m2 Skye radiation sensor SKR 110 SKYE 100 cm NIR 730 nm umol m2 Skye radiation sensor SKR 110 SKYE 100 cm RVI1 Calculated NDVI1 Calculated Red 657nm umol m2
92. fway up Aucellabjerg Approximately 100 m north of M3 you find point 100 and 101 on the ZERO line The dominating vegetation is Salix UTM 8268241 mN 516124 ME Elevation 420 m a s l Operation 2003 Instrumentation of the mast Table 2 App 3 Data download CR1000 data logger CFM100 Compact Flash Memory Module Meteorological station M7 Located in the western end of Store S dal ca 500 m west of the lake delta The mast is placed in an almost flat open area on some big boulders The vegetation between the boulders is a mix of grasses and Salix Several small streams are running in the area UTM 8269905 mN 496815 mE Elevation 145 m a s l Operation 2008 Instrumentation of the mast Table 9 App 3 Data download CR1000 data logger CFM100 Compact Flash Memory Module Fig 2 2 Micrometeorological station M2 in ZC 2 Looking South towards Daneborg Fig 2 3 Micrometeorological station M3 Looking East towards the top of Aucellabjerg Fig 2 4 Micrometeorological station M7 Looking East towards the lake Store S and the north facing slope of Zackenberg Meteorological station M8 Located close to the top of Zackenberg The mast is placed in an almost flat area There is no vegetation and only rocks and boulders Data download CR1000 data logger CFM100 Compact Flash Memory Module Data storing and power supply The stations are powered by batteries charged by solar panels Batteries and data logger
93. g Fig 9 6 Location of Mix 1 Looking southwest Red e Enter the study plot Always enter the study plots from a downstream position Soil sensors are installed upstream from the plot and the soil above the sensors should not be disturbed by trampling Site ID is written on the box 83 e When the soil is wet especially right after snowmelt a wooden boardwalk must be used to protect the vegetation e Open the waterproof box by undoing the string wire and the four screws e Connect the 25 pin socket from the ThetaProbe to the HH2 meter The HH2 meter initially will assume it is an ML2x probe in mineral soil For other configurations see the User s Guide e Press Esc to start the HH2 meter e Press Read and the soil moisture will be displayed in vol Press escape twice for a new reading e Fill out the field chart Installation depths are written at all sensor cables in the box Record info about the plot snow standing water over land flow vegetation flowering etc e Measure depth of active layer just downstream from the site Input of data to the local database Write results from the field charts into the file GeoBasis soil moisture data soil moisture YYYY Prepare charts for all sites and depths in order to examine the data Preparation for winter e Leave a desiccant bag in the waterproof enclosure box Tighten the box to the metal stand using a steel wire Ordinary ropes are eaten by foxes 9 1 3
94. ground penetrating radar for snow depth measurements See separate manual by Stine H jlund Pedersen H Zackenberg GeoBasis_2013 Backup 31 juli_2013 GeoBasis 2013 GeoBasis Manual Other manuals Manual_Georadar_Zac pdf 2 2 Snow density snow water equivalent SWE Snow density and snow water equivalent SWE at the end of winter is an important input to the water balance of the area and for correction of the solid precipitation measured in the precipitation gauge In addition to the measurements of SWE for the total snow pack bulk density snow pits are made where densities are determined for different layers in the snow pack Frequency Preferably before melting takes place for an end of winter SWE Furthermore periodic measurements during the ablation period are carried out near the Climate Station once or twice a week Location SWE bulk densities are measured near the permanent snow masts M2 and M3 and along the southern end of the grid net ZEROCALM 1 near the Climate Station Furthermore SWE are measured on various places in the valley Snow pits are made near the grid net ZEROCALM 1 in an area representative of the snow mast but outside the grid net and near ZEROCALM 2 in the deep snow patch outside the grid Samples should be taken at least 10 m away from the automatic stations in order to minimize impact of the snow Determination of snow water equivalent SWE Follow instructions from the Snow Survey Sampling Guide a short ve
95. he battery box left A look into the transformer box inside the hut mid Power cable from the instrument box enters the battery box in the southern end the red and blue cable are connected to plus and minus on the last battery in the row 107 10 3 2 Soil temperature Soil temperature are being measured near chamber 1 K1 and near chamber 6 K6 and finally between chamber 3 and 4 Methane Here TinyTag temperature data loggers are installed at 3 depths Fig 7 15 Data loggers are stored in a waterproof box 1 As soon as the snow melts and the boxes become accessible data from the tinytags should be offloaded see section 5 for procedure Name the files ID Xcm DDMMYY ex K1 5cm 030612 and save data in the folder GeoBasis Tinytags Methane station See section 5 1 1 for offloading loggers and restart 2 When the loggers are re started the logging interval must be changed from 1 hour to every 5 minutes which is the logging interval at this site during the field season 3 Place the data loggers so that you can see the small LED lights through the transparent lid of the box then once in a while during the season you can check that the data loggers are logging indicated by a green flash 4 Atthe end of the season offload data again and change the battery Before you start the logger the logging interval must be changed from 5 minutes to 1 hour which is the logging interval during the winter period Fig 10 16 Location of
96. he computer connects to the data logger first create a new setup This is easily done via EZSetup Use default settings Pak bus address can be found in station status under the flag status table 11 6 Choose which data logger you want to connect to on the Connect Screen and press Connect The cables in the bottom left will assemble It s very import you choose the right logger Connect Screen Lund dimmer CR1000 HER File Edit View Datalogger Help w amp B a Connect Collect Now Custom Station Status File Control Num Display Graphs Ports amp Flags Stations Table Monitor Passive Monitoring Clocks 6400 stmast J Siar lint Adjusted Server Date Time 641Vestmast i 647Dome eens CR1000 7 tation Date Time CR1000 2 Field Value CR1000_hydro CR1000_MM2 ie M2 CR108 Pause Clock Update M3 M3_test Program M5 MG Lund varme fane CR1 M es Notes List Alphabetically mihu 0 00 00 00 Interval O0mO1s 7 Under the menu press Custom 8 And setup the menu like this 12 Custom Collection Collection Options Collect Mode All the Data File Mode Create New File w File Format Aray Compatible CSW k B Starting Date Time Ending Date Time ososvams wf eooo S fososens S pors E Table Collection Table File Hame C M3 data C Campbelleci Logger ets D atas CA1000_ 43 143 _ data dat C Public C Campbelleci Logger et O at
97. he folding rule in the hole and read cm at the snow surface fig 2 14 7 Carefully remove the driving wrench from the tube makes it easier to weigh the tube and to clean it 8 Inspect cutter end of tube for dirt or litter Use a knife multi tool to carefully remove soil and litter from the cutter and tube Correct the reading for snow depth and core length by subtracting the distance driven into soil or litter 9 Carefully balance the sampling tube containing the core on the weighing cradle or ona scale Fig 2 12 If windy point the tube into the wind Record the weight in the field chart If the total snow depth is below 1 m the snow can be transferred from the tube to a pre weighed plastic bag and measured more accurate If it is windy or too cold for the scale to work outside consider to bring samples into the station in labelled plastic bags and weigh inside 10 Remove the snow core from the tube by tapping the tube against the wooden plate Weigh 26 the empty sampling tube 11 For each site at least 3 cores must be taken Input of data into the local database Data are saved in the directory GeoBasis Snow monitoring Snow density Bulk density YYYY Maintenance e Keep the sampling tubes clean and covered inside with a thin coating of spray silicone or wax A well siliconed or waxed tube helps in removing the snow core and the tubes screw together without binding Troubleshooting e If snow melts and re freezes inside
98. he measurement switch off the Q liner e Clean dry the Q liner catamaran and the current profiler after every measurement and ensure that it is never packed in a wet or damp state e Make sure the O ring in the lid looks nice and smooth if any sediment gravel has entered between the lid and the thread remove this and rub the O ring with silicone can be found in the drawer in the Geo BioBasis room in house 2 64 7 3 River water chemistry Water samples are collected every third day in the Zackenberg river Together with water discharge measurements total loads of solutes and transport of sediment from the terrestrial to the marine system can be calculated Parameters to be monitored Z pH Z Conductivity Specific conductivity Z Alkalinity Z Suspended sediment concentration IGN Organic content of sediment IGN Chloride CI IGN Nitrate NO3 IGN Sulfate SO 7 IGN Calcium Ca IGN Magnesium Mg IGN Pottasium K IGN Sodium Na Fig 7 14 US DH 48 depth integrating sampler with 500 ml plastic 2 IGN Iron Fe bottles To remove or insert the bottle pull back and turn the IGN Aluminium A handle in the back IGN Manganese Mn BIO Dissolved organic carbon DOC BIO Ammonia NH4 N BIO Dissolved total nitrogen DTN BIS Mecury Hg in suspended sediment separate manual Mercury in Zackenberg BIS Mercury Hg in filtered water seperate manual Mercury in Zackenberg 2 The prefix tells where the ana
99. ile until the bottle is full c 500 ml Sampling of water for chemical analysis every 3 day at 8 00 and at 20 00 1 Rinse the 500 ml sample bottle with river water by half filling the bottle Shake vigorously and discard the rinse water before final filling Fill the bottle reaching upstream from the Sampling point Leave no airspace in the bottle in order to prevent degassing Sampling of water for mercury project NOT IN 2014 see section 8 7 to see how often samples are collected 1 2 Samples for mercury analysis Rinse the 250 ml plastic bottle with river water by half filling the bottle Shake vigorously and discard the rinse water twice before final filling Fill the bottle to the line mark near the top of the bottle reaching upstream from the sampling point Repeat the above procedure with the 500 ml plastic bottle 66 Measure conductivity and temperature 8 00 and 20 00 1 Measure conductivity and water temperature by placing the YSI 30 sensor direct into the river the probe must be completely covered wait until temperature has stabilized and record results Press the enter key for a few seconds to save results 2 Measure specific conductance temperature compensated conductivity at a reference temperature of 25 C When the instrument is in specific conductance mode the C sign in the led display is flashing General observations at the river 8 00 and 20 00 1 Record general observations as sn
100. in representative of large parts of the landscape and the vegetation in the valley East mast St 640 UTM 8264743 mN 513382 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Operation period 1995 East mast Instrumentation of the mast see ASIAQ Climate station Zackenberg ASIAQ Solar Panels West mast West mast St 641 UTM 8264738 mN 513389 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Operation period 1995 Instrumentation of the mast see ASIAQ Baian Radiation mast Sepa rate radiation mast iS placed 10 mM Datalogger and Ground ore storage module Precipitation south of the main masts UTM Fig 6 1 The Climate station includes two almost identical equipped Elevation 45 m a s l masts East and West a separate radiation mast a separate Operation period 1997 precipitation gauge and a snow mast outside the photo The Instrumentation of the mast see ASIAQ Zackenberg station is in the background 53 Precipitation Gauge The Belfort precipitation gauge is located 5 m north of the masts UTM 8264751 mN 513388 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Operation period 1995 Instrumentation of the mast see ASIAQ Notice Always enter the climate station from the road track east of the masts when visiting Trampling around the masts must be kept to an absolute minimum to protect the vegetation cover from disturbance Radiation sensors were moved to a separate mast due to damage of the vegetation below the sensors Data storing and power supply
101. ings and the tab Flow Module you can read the flow in litre per minute check that this value is around 10 LPM and note the exact value in the daily field chart In the tab Flow module you can turn off the flow by choosing Off in the dropdown menu next to Flow choose Off press Apply and OK You should be able to hear very clearly that the flow module stops Place the ladder on top of the board walk one person should hold it while the other climbs Use the wrench to loosen the nut between the LiCor house and the 1 m long horizontal white air intake tube Be aware of the two small ferrules Back ferrule and Front ferrule on the figure below BE CAREFUL NOT TO DROP THEM AS THEY ARE NEEDED TO KEEP THE SYSTEM TIGHT pear Ferrule 4 8 Bev a line tubing to calibration gas Knurled Nut From Ferrule i i or use 3 8 1 4 adapter p n 300 10771 with 1 4 Bev a line tubing Take the knurled nut from the 1 meter long air intake and put it on the thick bev a line tube that has a back and front ferrule permanently attached Use the nut to fasten the thick Bev a line tube with ferrules at the end Note the analytical values of the calibration gasses used in the calibration sheet These values can be found on the slip of paper attached to the gas bottle itself 104 Open the N2 to 1 litre per second always do zero calibration test before span and then connect it to the other end
102. is installations UTM zone 27 Monitoring site Photomonitoring Profile 1 Profile 2 Coastal cliff Delta cliff Soil water ID M1 M2 M3 M4 M5a M5b M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19a M19b M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 Pia Pib Pic Pid Pie Pif P2a P2b P2c P2d L1 L2 L3 L4 D1 D2 D3 D4 Dry 2 Dry 1 Sal 2 Sal 1 Mix1 Northing mN 8268397 8268397 8268397 8269657 8264466 8264466 8264242 8263606 8264017 8263199 8263788 8263742 8269069 8269657 8269902 8269902 8264368 8263066 8263583 8264466 8264466 8265632 8264757 8264838 8266881 8265391 8264664 8263553 8284087 8262971 8262952 8262946 8262866 8262848 8262963 8262974 8262934 8262867 8262959 8263013 8263080 8263065 8263125 8264000 8264015 8263865 8263764 8265563 8265045 8264692 8264649 8264348 Easting mE 511090 511090 511090 516581 512701 512701 512557 512710 510715 512240 510124 509925 516217 516581 518023 518023 514516 512835 512484 512016 512016 513218 513682 511035 513494 513153 513378 511877 487521 512861 512830 512816 512668 512633 512823 512899 512904 512914 512920 513272 513748 514026 514398 511619 511524 511372 511379 513365 513816 513623 513045 513567 Elev m a s l Marking 28 28 85 40 45 807 24 40 32 35 33 Yellow peg Iron peg on gravel plateau Iron peg on gravel plateau
103. it Fig 12 4 Looking at the curved spit Profile 1 Fig 12 6 Profile 2 UTM position P2 Northing Easting m a s l Marker in the field P2a 8262974 512899 6 13 lron peg on gravel plateau P2b 8262934 512904 Peg of driftwood P2c 8262867 512914 0 99 Iron peg on beach ramp i P2d 8262959 512920 Yellow peg Photo point Table 12 4 Position of the pegs in Profile 2 Frequency Profiles are re surveyed every fifth year in late August During low tide Year of measuring is 2012 2017 etc Fig 12 5 Topographic measurement at the coastal plain Profile 2 118 Equipment to be used Theodolite station Topcon GTS 6 Extra battery for GTS 6 User manual GTS 6 Stage Tripod Prism rod GPS Field chart Ranging poles Field chart Waders Sieg ae 2 x VHF radio Fig 12 6 Wodden peg Pid marked 2 persons by metal sticks Digital camera Survey of topographic profiles 1 Find all pegs in the profile from the UTM coordinates in table 12 3 and 12 4 and in App 4 Line up two or three ranging poles in the profile in order to have the line in sight during measurement Place the tripod on the gravel plateau near the beach coastal cliff Make sure the instrument is in the profile line and that the total profile can be measured from the same position Carefully place the GTS 6 on the tripod Level the instrument From this point throughout measurements be careful not to bump or step too close to the tripod legs as instrument
104. k folder and Fig 10 5 8 Insert new filters and nitrogen gas supply on the Licor 7000 analyser section 10 1 5 and 10 1 6 9 Calibrate the Licor 7000 see separate manual by Magnus Lund 10 Measure the tube flow rate to see how many litres per minute that enters the analyser Switch off the external pump see section 10 1 3 Decouple the air intake from the sample cell and connect the tube from the flow meter in front of the sample cell the filter should still be between the tube and the sample cell The flow meter outlet should have a tube of equal length as air intake tube and should be connected to the filter before sample in 94 Power supply The display show how many Kh we have used in the field Read and record the display once in a while together with date and time and how much equipment is running at the given time MM1 Heath 4 Jar Fig 10 4 Inside the generator House at the station left Map showing rea the cable that runs from the generator house left Inserted photos i 4 k show one of the power outlets upper and the battery box at the Methane site lower 10 1 2 Licor start up 1 Open the flow of N2 gas 2 Turn on the Licor 7000 3 Switch on the external pump on the On Off switch Fig 10 5 10 1 3 Licor turn off 1 Switch off the external pump on the On Off switch Fig 10 5 2 Turn off the Licor 7000 3 Close the flow of N2 gas from the bottle Note The N2 gas sho
105. k validation of data In order to check that sensors are and have been working satisfactory prepare a worksheet with a copy of data and make charts of every parameter e Check that the time series is OK Insert a column of correct times and compare with the actual time column e Control that seasonal variation in parameters looks reasonable If anything looks suspicious or if a sensor has failures or major dropouts please email a report to GeoBasis managers and ASIAQ Formatting a CF Card e Find a spare CF card for the station in question MM1 MM2 M2 M3 M7 or M8 For MM1 and MM2 it is important that the card type used is a Sandisk CompactFlash Ultra 2 Gb or Campbell Scientific CF card Note also that CF cards for MM1 should ONLY be changed when there is a thick snowpack or COMPLETELY dry around the mast keep disturbance at a minimum e Use anormal card reader like the grey Kensington labelled GEOBASIS found in House 4 e Connect the card reader with the CF card to your computer e Locate the disk drive in My Computer 16 Right click on the drive and press Format A new window will appear Figure 1 where you have to specify the format options Change the File system to FAT32 and leave all other options as default values Format E Removable Disk P If Capacity 1 87 GE ka File system volume label Format options Quick Format Fig 2 9 Format settings when formatting CF card for a C
106. ke and the glacier front Camera HP Photosmart E427 Camera has operated since 2008 Memory card 2 GB Secure Digital card Battery 2 x 2 V 5 Ah Charged by solar panels in the box cover Photos from this position started 2008 Camera settings Make sure the date and time on the camera is right In case of power failure the camera may lose its internal date and time and will not be able to take photos The timer is programmed to turn the camera on 14 30 and switch the camera off at 14 31 Always make sure that auto focus is disabled the flash light is disabled or the flash covered Input of data into the local database see section 2 3 1 GeoBasis Automatic photomonitoring Cam6_Glacier 3 2 Calibration of camera lens All cameras used to capture photos from Nansenblokken must have the lens calibrated In Zackenberg there is a calibration chart in House 4 Calibrating a camera lens 1 You need a large flat clean floor The floor in House 1 canteen is well suited for this purpose 2 Mount the Calibration chart on the floor and make sure you have 1 2 m at each site of it 3 Take a normal landscape photo no zoom of the calibration chart from one of the sides Make sure you have all dots in the photo and that they fill out most of the photo 4 Move to side 2 fig 2 21 and take a photo of all the dots from this position Repeat the same process from side 3 and 4 5 Move to side 1 Turn the camera to a portrait positi
107. l of filtered water there should be no air space left in the bottle switch off the pump Carefully move the full bottle from the filtering flask and close the bottle tight OBS Since the 20 ml vial are stored in the freezer it should only be full Make sure the bottle has the right label including site ID date and installation depth before storage in the fridge 50 ml samples or the freezer 20 ml samples Discard the used filter before next sample 8 5 Suspended sediment Concentration of suspended sediment in the water samples is determined in the laboratory in Zackenberg Equipment to be used Milipore filter assembly millipore 47 mm manifold Filters Whatman GF F Glass fiber filters Retention diameter of particles 0 7 um Filter funnel assembly Filtering bottle with plastics hose connection and socket 3L Filter cups Vacuum pump Collected water samples Spray bottle Filtered water Tin foil Slidepockets Field chart 7 App2 74 Fig 8 2 Whatman GF F filters are used for filtration of suspended sediment samples left Milipore filter assembly connected to the vacuum pump Three samples can be filtered at the same time Mid Analytical balance right Procedure for determination of suspended sediment 1 Leave the water samples in the fridge or a dark box cupboard for at least 1 2 days to allow the very fine sediment to settle Use the analytical balance to weigh the dry GF F filters Record weight o
108. late Soil moisture ZC 2 GeoBasis Soil moisture ZEROCALM 2 and save the file Soil moisture ZC 2 YYYY YYYY Year in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Soil moisture ZEROCALM 2 9 2 Soil Temperature Soil temperature is recorded in several places throughout the valley Single locations are covered with tinytags see chapter 5 and 10 3 2 Soil temperature is also measured at the meteorological stations around the valley chapter 2 and at the soil moisture sites chapter 9 1 2 One station is dedicated to monitoring of soil temperatures in the fen which is M5 just north of the automatic chamber site see figure 9 8 Soil monitoring station fen M5 Located just north of the AC site see Chapter 10 in a continuous fen UTM coordinates 8265562 mN 513271 mE Elevation 35 m a s l Operation period 2006 Instrumentation appendix 3 Fig 9 8 M5 soil monitoring site and close to the soil water site Rylek r Looking towards North 1 At M5 soil temperature is being logged at 2 5 8 12 16 20 30 40 and 50 cm depths Data are logged on a CR1000 data logger and with a CF card 85 2 Offload data soon after arrival see section 2 1 1 and on a monthly basis throughout the field season Data are split in two separate data tables M5_fen10min and M5_fen 720min Add the date for download at the end of the file name ex M5 fen10min 20110522 and move to the folder GeoBasis M5 Original data 3 In order to check that senso
109. late Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Monitoring site SNM transect SNZ transect Repeater station Dombjerget Cameras Delta front Glacier Nansenblokken Glacier AWS main Glacier AWS SIGMA mast 13 12 11 9 5 3 2 1 SNM1 SNM2 SNM3 SNM4 SNM5 SNM6 SNM7 SNZ 1 SNZ 2 SNZ 3 SNZ 4 SNZ 5 SNZ 6 SNZ 7 1 2 3 Al Northing mN 8264020 8264109 8263980 8263860 8263794 8263772 8263655 8263627 8263425 8263903 8264686 8266093 8267089 8265686 8264859 8263626 8264110 8264161 8265175 8266178 8266903 8268495 8273011 8263392 8284444 8265315 8281811 8283962 8265149 Easting mE 512982 513037 512953 512881 512837 512824 512748 512732 513503 513648 513472 513538 513637 513190 513361 512732 513038 513073 513714 514341 514927 516152 507407 511935 487814 510992 488870 486083 513741 Elev m a s l Marking 1278 755 477 660 876 44 Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Metal peg with plate Start of transekt Stake 2 Stake 3 Stake 5 Stake 6 Retning mod stationens mast NW hj rne af ZC 1 ZL 1 Plate APPENDIX 5 Day of year DOY calendar DAY OF YEAR JULIAN CALENDAR BASS R ES SEE RR RR oceans JAN npag E elle elle e l eleleri eleele 0 va x or oe we
110. lculations of the total runoff from the 512 km catchment drainage area outlined in Fig 7 1 Hydro station Datalogger Batteries MT PK Reng Fig 7 1 Map showing the Zackenberg drainage basin 512 km The hydrometric station red dot is located approximately 1 2 km up streams from where the Zackenberg River drains out in Young Sound left A photo showing the old location and surroundings of the hydrometric station installations near the river were flushed away during the big surge in 2012 7 1 1 Automatic water level monitoring The hydrometric station st 642 consists of a sonic ranging sensor mounted at the end of a3 m long aluminium cross arm reaching over the river Fig 7 2 Approximately 30 m south east of the hydrometric station a mast with two metal enclosures containing batteries and data loggers are placed Fig 4 1 The station is part of the ClimateBasis programme and operated by ASIAQ data is send via satellite connection to ASIAQ in Nuuk History The Hydrometric station was first established on the western side of the river but in 1998 the station was moved to the eastern bank due to problems with the station being buried in snow early in the season In 1999 the hydrometric station was flushed away in a spring surge and again in 2005 the station was flushed away in a major flood in July Due to a change in the river cross 55 profile in 2005 the station was rebuild 30 40 m south of the old location
111. les at the K3 site Bottles are hidden in the wooden box To apply vacuum use the automatic pump mid or the hand pump left 3 Open the pinch clip and ensure that the tubing walls are separate Apply a vacuum of 0 3 0 4 atm 300 400 millibar Discard the first few ml of water entering the bottle 4 Apply vacuum again and leave bottles for another 12 24 hours Record day and time for application of vacuum in the field chart 9 5 Depth of the active layer is measured just downstream from the site 88 6 If there is not sufficient soil water 80 100 ml in the bottle after 12 24 hours apply a new vacuum Remember to record date of start day and time for application of vacuum Collection of soil water Equipment to be used e Plastic bottles Premarked with sample ID 1 4 i Ideally more than 100 ml of soil solution should be collected Record the volume from the scale at the bottle Record information about the soil solution transparency colour precipitates etc Pour a few ml of soil solution into the plastic bottle Shake vigorously and discard Transfer the collected soil solution from the glass bottle to the clean plastic bottle Make sure that site and depth on the label match the actual site and depth Bring the water to the station for analysis Laboratory work Conductivity is measured in the unfiltered soil water sample according to the procedure given in section 8 1 Fill a pre rinse
112. lyses are carried out Z In Zackenberg IGN Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management BIO Biological Institute BIS Department of Bioscience Aarhus university For an outline of analysis see App 6 7 3 1 Water sampling in Zackenbergelven Location Water samples are collected in the Zackenberg river near the hydrometric station Fig 7 1 Frequency Water samples for suspended sediment analysis are collected every 2 or 3 day at 8 00 and 20 00 Water samples for chemical analysis are collected every 2 or 3 day at 8 00 Samples for mercury project are sampled every 2 or 3 day see section 8 7 See field program for frequency of sampling During special events like heavy rainfall or sudden increases in sediment concentration due to flood situations or landslides sampling must be intensified to every second fourth hour 65 Equipment to be used for water sampling Waders 2 x pre rinsed 500 ml sample bottles Depth integrating sampler US DH 48 Conductivity meter including temperature sensor YSI 30 Field chart 7 and Field chart 14 Sampling water for suspended sediment 8 00 and 20 00 1 Place the 500 ml bottle in the US DH 48 depth integrating device Pull back the rear part of the device and place the bottle as shown in figure 7 13 Wade into the river and collect the sample reaching upstream from the sampling point Move the bottle probe slowly at continuously speed up and down through the water prof
113. manual Nivellering med Wild NA2 by Lau Gede Petersen e Coil the cables and place them on the back of the hydrometric station Fig 7 8 If cables are left on the ground they will be covered in snow for a longer time and may be flushed away during spring break up e Wrap the sensors in plastic or foam and protect them inside plastic bottles then they can be left mounted on the frame e Remove the divers from the river If the divers have been broken during the season the diver should be brought back to ASIAQ All divers must be brought back to IGN for check up and calibration Remember to bring the USB reader for the divers 59 ie IRUN 211155711171111 _ s m tse _ p Conductivity as et LA FEFEELEEERERERTEELE RL SETE TET EET TE FEE FEE LA Fig 7 10 Detached cable plugs stored during winter in the plastic bottle wired to the mast left All cable inlets to the data logger enclosure right 7 2 Water discharge measurements Manual measurements of the water discharge Q in the Zackenberg River are needed to establish a Q h relation or to verify the existing Q h relation for the river Depending on the river stream velocity and water level the discharge measurement is made by propeller or by Q liner or a mix of both Often it is not possible to use the Q liner all the way since the water level is very low in the eastern end of the cross section This shallow part should always be measured b
114. metal peg that must be used to get the correct orientation of the line 3 Take photos from the site Maintenance Paint the pegs red top once in a while to help recognize them Input of data to the local database Save results in the file cliff recession coast and delta GeoBasis Costal dynamics cliff recession coast and delta Input of data into international database At the end of the season data from the coastal cliff are reported to Arctic Coastal Dynamics ACD Contact Dr habil Volker Rachold vrachold awi potsdam de www awi potsdam de acd 117 12 1 2 Topographic changes at beach profiles In order to follow the rate of coastal sediment transport two detailed terrain profiles were established in 1991 Profile 1 is a c 250 m long profile line crossing a curved spit near the old delta Profile 2 is a c 140 m long profile in an aggrading coastal plain with beach ridges Location Location of the profile lines are given in Fig 12 4 and 12 5 and Table 12 3 and 12 4 Profile 1 UTM position Northing Easting m a s l Marker in the field Pla 8262971 512861 6 39 lron peg on gravel plateau Pib 8262952 512830 5 12 lron peg on gravel plateau Pic 8262946 512816 Peg of driftwood Pid 8262866 512668 0 98 Wooden peg inner barrier Pif 8262963 512823 Yellow peg Photo point Table 12 3 Position of the pegs in Profile 1 P1e has disappeared or been buried P1d is almost buried by sand a metal stick is placed next to
115. min Carbon dioxide ppm Infrared gasanalyzer Licor 7000 LI COR Nebraska USA 300 cm 30 min Water vapour ppt Infrared gasanalyzer Licor 7000 LI COR Nebraska USA 300 cm 30 min IRGA Pressure hPa Infrared gasanalyzer Licor 7000 LI COR Nebraska USA 30 min IRGA Temperature C Infrared gasanalyzer Licor 7000 LI COR Nebraska USA 30 min Nominal u m s 3D sonic anemometer R3 100 Gill Instruments Lyming 300 cm 30 min Nominal v m s 3D sonic anemometer R3 100 Gill Instruments Lyming 300 cm 30 min Nominal w m s 3D sonic anemometer R3 100 Gill Instruments Lyming 300 cm 30 min Sonic temperature C 3D sonic anemometer R3 100 Gill Instruments Lyming 300 cm Table 4 Micrometeorological station MM2 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Flux CO2 umol m2 s 30 min Carbon dioxide ppm Infrared gasanalyzer LI 7200 LI COR Nebraska USA 300cm 30 min Water vapour density g m3 Infrared gasanalyzer LI 7200 LI COR Nebraska USA 300 cm 30 min Temperature Sonic C 30 min 3D Windspeed m s 3D sonic anemometer Solent 1012R2 Gill Instruments Lyming 300 cm 30 min Wind direction See separate manual by Magnus Lund for the rest of this station Table 5 Soil micrometeorological station M4 Log interval Parameter Unit Instrumentation Model Manufacturer Elevation 30 min Battery V 12V 24 Ah Yuasa Program Signal 30 min Internal temperature C 30 min Panel temperature C 30 min Soil temperature C Thermocouple 105T Type T Campbell Scienti
116. minating vegetation is Salix UTM coordinates 8268250 mN 516126 mE Elevation 410 m a s l Installation depth 10 and 30 cm Operation period 2003 Instrumentation of the station Table 2 App 3 Soil monitoring station heath M4 Located in the almost horizontal Cassiope heath a few hundred meters north of the Climate Station UTM coordinates 8264868 mN 513382 mE Elevation 40 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 30 and 50 cm Operation period 2005 Instrumentation of the station Table 5 App 3 Frequency Fig 9 2 Soil and micrometeorological mast M4 At stations M2 M3 and M4 soil moisture is logged and data is averaged every half hour year around Data are offloaded at the beginning and at the end of the season according to the field programme Offloading data Follow the procedure given in section 2 1 1 for offloading data at M2 M3 and M4 data logger Input of data to the local database Data from M2 and M3 are saved in the directory given in section 2 1 1 Data from M4 are stored in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis M4 Original data 81 Quick validation of data e Copy data to an excel sheet e Check the time series and make sure that the last logged values corresponds to the date and time for offloading and that there are no major gaps in the loggings e Make charts for every parameter and examine if values look reasonable e Record any remarks that can help in the final evaluation of data and fill out the d
117. ml and 1x 500 ml to the river see Fig 8 3 Use the same bottles every time Collect the samples when you collect all the other water samples in the morning section 7 3 1 2 Wade into the river Reach up streams and fill the 250 ml bottle half in the turbulent river water Shake vigorously before discarding Repeat this three times before the final filling The 250 ml sample should only be filled to the mark 1 cm from the top 3 Repeat the procedure with the 500 ml bottle this sample is used to rinse equipment with 4 Store the samples in the fridge and filter it within 24 hours Equipment for filtering see Fig 8 3 Teflon tweezers Note equipment for the mercury Nuclepore filters 0 4 Micron 47mm project should be rinsed in 20 nitric 60x80 mm plastic bags 250 ml filtering bottle with hose Filter assembly and plastic cup 250 ml Vacuum pump Millipore 250 ml glass bottle Small beaker and plastic funnel acid at the start of the season anda rew times during tne season Procedure for filtering sample 1 Insert the filter assembly on top of the filter bottle and place one of the delicate filters use the tweezers It is important that the filter is right in the middle and straight If necessary use your finger and gently move the filter into right position Connect the filter cup make sure the filter do nut curl 2 Take 100 150 ml of the water from the 500 ml bottle and filter it through this set up 77 Filter b
118. n ku dk Analytical methods used to analyse the water samples at Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management are described on the homepage www ign ku dk under Facilities Laboratory Input of data to the database Write results into the Excel template Geobasis soil water Soil water_YYYY and save the file Quick validation of data Prepare Excel charts of every parameter from every site and depth and check that values look reasonable Maintenance e Prenart super quartz soil water samplers consist of a 95 mm long cylindrical ceramic probe 21 mm in diameter In one end a5 mm teflon tube links the probe to a 500 ml glass collecting bottle Replacement of suction probes e Suction probes can work for years without any problems but clogging and bad hydraulic contact may cause a need for replacement e Follow the procedure for installation given by Prenart equipment ApS and see the Danish version of the GeoBasis manual from 2002 Time for installation of new soil water samplers should be recorded in the soil water logbook Preparation for winter storage 90 e Leave the glass bottles in the field with open tubes Then at the beginning of a new field season rinse the glass bottles with deionized water and then the first water that is sampled from the soil Troubleshooting The collection bottle loose applied vacuum e Check if teflon tube has damages or chewing marks e Check that all connections are tightened and fittings
119. n to 1 litre per second and wait for the CO2 value to stabilize and note this the temperature and the pressure in the calibration sheet Disconnect the gas from the Bev a line before turning of the gas flow Reconnect the 1 m horizontal white intake tube to the LiCor house with the knurled nut be careful not to drop the ferrules Go to Settings and Flow module and chose Flow on Note the values of CO2 and H20 after the zero and span test and make sure that the readings are acceptable Before disconnecting the RS232 or Ethernet cable from the Licor take a photo of the 105 Coefficients and Manual tab in Settings 10 2 5 Internal chemicals and mirror cleaning The internal chemicals should be changed every second a year preferably in spring when the housing temperature is changed If values start to look very strange it could be that the mirror needs cleaning see the licor7200 manual Li 7200 CO2 H20 analyser Instruction manual for details A high AGC value indicates how clean the mirrors in the cell are thus AGC would go up if dirt enters the cell AGC value should not be above 62 Contact Magnus Lund if the AGC value suddenly increases 10 2 6 Offloading of data from Li 7200 Offloading of data can be done in two ways The easiest and quickest way is to change the USB stick in the Li 7200 box Simply press eject on the grey button under the USB logging The red LED will
120. nagement University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 10 DK 1350 Copenhagen K cs ign ku dk 1 8 Scientific consultants Carbon dioxide and methane monitoring Magnus Lund Research Scientist Ph D Ecosystem Ecology Group Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 DK 4000 Roskilde National Environmental Research Institute University of Aarhus Frederiksborgvej 399 DK 4000 Roskilde ml dmu dk Torben R jle Christensen GeoBiosphere Science Center Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis University of Lund S lvegatan 12 223 63 Lund Sweden Torben Christensen nateko lu se Mikhail Mastepanov GeoBiosphere Science Center Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis University of Lund S lvegatan 12 223 63 Lund Sweden Mikhail Mastepanov nateko lu se Soil water monitoring and chemistry Bo Elberling Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 10 DK 1350 Copenhagen K be ign ku dk River water monitoring and hydrology Bent Hasholt Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 10 DK 1350 Copenhagen K 1 9 Daily Journal During the field season the following must be recorded in a GeoBasis daily journal e Weather report temperature clouds precipitation wind fog Details about work carried out every day Condition of the Zackenberg river sediment colour visibility level snow
121. nd 40 cm Operation period 2011 Fig 9 12 Soil water site Rylek r close to M5 Frequency Collection of soil water takes place 2 times during the season e Immediately after the active layer thaws end of June e Late season end of August 87 Sampling of soil water Equipment to be used e Prenart collecting bottles with screw caps 1000 ml bottles should be rinsed thoroughly and labelled Handheld vacuum pump or battery vacuum pump Field chart 9 App2 Pinch clamps Silicone rubber tube Active layer probe Spare kit tubes and fittings 1 At each site teflon tubes from the buried soil water samplers lysimeters ends up in a box Each tube carries a label which shows the actual installation depth Notice Teflon lines must not be exposed on the soil surface as foxes bite them Hide them in the ground or cover with stones 2 Use the same bottle for each depth throughout the season make sure there is a label both on the teflon tube and the bottle Connect the teflon tubes to the pre rinsed collection bottle cap When all connections are tightened connect the pump to the second outlet on the bottle cap by a small piece of silicone rubber tube Re A x J a A 7 in ott pan Se p y Pr ea a Sah gr r se ze Z Eros ms mi xx tae ir zi ERER 4 ee 3 x gt ee Vacuum pump amp a 372 ne Fe ee l gt Ry Nee ae gt Sang ai aes F kaes o ip Fig 9 13 Collecting bott
122. ndividual grid markers are covered in snow 2 Try to establish the grid points Use extra ranging poles to temporarily mark the end points of the lines rows Notice If the snow is very soft then avoid walking inside the grid Instead only do the measurements in a square between the four corners 3 Probe measure the snow depth for every second meter make sure you are in the line Follow the instructions from the MagnaProbe manual Manual snow depth measurements ZC 2 gridnet 1 Go to the grid Localize the four corners Only the four poles marking the corners of the grid and the northern part of the grid net can be used for location as individual grid markers are likely to be covered in snow 2 Try to establish the two lines row 1 and row 6 Use extra ranging poles to temporarily mark the end points of the lines Row 1 runs from the NW corner to the SW corner Row 6 is the parallel line 50 m away from row 1 Row 6 passes a few meters west of M2 3 Probe measure the snow depth for every second meter make sure you are in the line Manual snow depth measurements Soil water sites 1 Use the GPS to localize the site The coordinates for Sal 1 Sal 2 Mix 1 and Dry 1 can be found in chapter 5 Record date time and snow conditions 2 Do5 probings of snow depth to estimate the amount of snow near the box It is very hard to exactly determine where the site is and these measurements must be used with care However together with inf
123. ocumentation in GeoBasis Site XX Database DB Documentation Maintenance e Replace silica gel before leaving the station for the winter Troubleshooting e USERs manual from Delta T Device is located in House 4 together with manuals for most of the sensors data loggers and power components of the station 9 1 2 Manual soil moisture monitoring Soil moisture is measured manually at five different sites located near the BioBasis phenology plots Fig 1 The sites have almost identical set up Soil moisture are measured at 5 10 30 cm below the soil surface same depth as soil water is collected Soil temperature is measured at the soil surface and at a depth of 10 and 30 cm see chapter 5 1 Sensor cables and data loggers is stored in a waterproof fiberbox mounted on a steel stand rag In addition to these in situ readings soil moisture is measured in two transects in the ZEROCALM 2 grid net chapter 4 Location Location of the sites are shown in Fig 9 1 and 9 4 to 9 8 Sal 1 Located in Gadekeret adjacent to the BioBasis plot Sal 1 The vegetation is a mixture of Salix and grasses UTM 8264649 mN 513045 mE Elevation 34 m a s l Installation depth 5 10 15 cm Operation period 2002 Fig 9 3 Location of Sal 1 Looking towards south Sal 2 Located at a typical snow bed site dominated by salix vegetation The site is installed c 15 m downstream from BioBasis phenology plot Sal 6 UTM 8264692 mN 513723 mE
124. offloading data Batteries are changed every second year Equipment to be used r Case e TinyTag Plus data loggers Ea gy e Batteries 3 6V a e Screw driver i Ea Ad ET e Laptop with serial port ay f ptop p S e TinyTag Explorer i software e Software interface cable e Small silica gel bags e Extra O rings Fig 5 1 TinyTag data loggers in a waterproof box in the field 5 1 1 Offloading data from the TinyTags If possible offload the TinyTags at the site and restart it right away Always bring some loggers that are started if you need to change a logger or if you run out of power on the computer Notice The data logger must be stopped before the readings are retrieved otherwise the old data are left in the logger and the memory will not be able to keep another year of data 1 Record the exact time of removal or offloading If you need to disconnect the logger make sure there is a label on the sensor cable indicating the installation depth and likewise on the logger 2 Connect the TinyTag logger to the parallel port on the computer by the TinyTag interface cable 3 Open the Gemini software program TinyTag Explorer 4 Press stop the logger on the menu The red key with a cross 5 To offload data from the logger press Get data from the logger When all data are retrieved a temperature curve is displayed on the screen 47 6 Save data in the directory GeoBasis TinyTag Original data
125. omputer or PDA to the black USB cable inside the enclosure see chapter 2 Offloading data from the Meteorological Station M2 M3 M7 M8 MM1 and MM2 CR1000 data logger or 2 by changing the CF card in the data logger mounted in the white plastic box on the energy mast see chapter 2 Offloading data from CR1000 data logger by changing CF card M2 M3 M7 M8 MM1 and MM2 The first method is preferable Do only change the CF card if it absolutely necessary Quick validation of data When you ve copied the MM1 MM2 folder to your computer at the station there should be two files looking like I8Zh_YYYY_DDMM_MetData dat and I8Zh_ YYYY_DDMM _HfData dat The HfData file is not in use anymore The MetData file can be opened in Grapher and new data can be copied into the MM1 MM2_CR1000_YYYY xls file located in the directory C Fluxdata_YYYY MM1 MM2 Update the figures and check that data looks alright If data is from the CF card open LoggerNet and press Data Choose Card Convert Locate the file from the CF card and highlight the file Check the output directory and press Start conversion The output file can be opened in Excel and values checked 10 1 8 Automatic camera at MM1 On the eddy mast at MM1 a digital camera is mounted This camera is mainly installed to get visual images from the winter season when there is no GeoBasis staff present in Zackenberg The camera is powered through the CR1000 every time it takes a photo
126. on 90 to the left and take a photo that captures all dots now you need more distance to the chart in order to still cover all dots in a photo 6 Repeat the portrait photos from side 2 3 and 4 37 7 Turn the camera 180 upside down and take a photo from side 1 that captures all dots Repeat from side 2 3 and 4 8 Now you have all together 12 photos Save them in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Automatic Photomonitoring Camera calibration Include a read me file with information about the type of camera Camera position Fig 3 2 Calibration chart on the floor in House 1 38 4 Soil thaw and development of active layer The active layer is the part of the soil that is object to seasonally thawing and freezing Thickness of the active layer and speed of thaw varies from year to year depending on factors such as ambient air temperature vegetation drainage soil type water content snow cover slope and aspect Depth of active layer are measured at two CALM sites ZEROCALM 1 and ZEROCALM 2 Location of sites ZEROCALM 1 ZC 1 Located right north of the climate station on a horizontal and well drained Cassiope heath The site consist of 121 measuring points in a 100m x 100 m grid 11 almost N S oriented rows each with 11 points There are 10 m between every point Every corner of the grid is marked by orange traffic poles Points along the edge of the grid are marked by orange stones while all other points are
127. ool down Weigh the dry filter with sediment on the analytical balance and record the weight in the field chart 11 Fold the filter to a half circle and then to a quarter of a circle Be careful to keep all sediment inside the filter Wrap the filter in tin foil Write a label with soeed marker on the tin foil Samples from the river is labelled DDMMYY HH DD day MM month YY year HH hour Place the small package in a slide pocket 12 Samples from the streams are labelled xxxDDMMYY where xxx is a site ID 13 Bring samples to Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Input of data to local database Write results from the field charts in the template River water GeoBasis River water or Streams GeoBasis Streams and save data in GeoBasis River water Data Quick validation of data Create a chart of sediment concentration versus time and check that values look reasonable Add any comments that can help in the final evaluation of data in the column Remarks i e coarse material fine material vegetation parts colour 8 6 Bottle and vial washing All containers beakers and bottles and equipment used in the laboratory must be thoroughly rinsed before use e Wash in a laboratory cleaning agent Rinse two times in de ionized water Shake to remove drops of water and let it air dry in the rack next to the wash 8 7 Mercury Hg samples Throughout the season snow and river water samples are colle
128. ormation about when the box is visible and when snow has totally disappeared from the site it is valuable information Preferably use the MagnaProbe in order to get corresponding GPS positions 3 During the snow melt period pass by the soil water sites 1 2 times a week to check if the box is visible and record snow depths 4 As soon as the box is visible open the box and read the soil moisture sensors inside the box section 6 1 2 and check that TinyTag temperature loggers are working a single green light flash with intervals of 10 30 seconds Input of data into the local database Data from the MagnaProbe CR10X data logger must be offloaded according to the instructions for dumping and processing data in the MagnaProbe manual Or you can follow the instructions from Offload data from data logger in the field section 2 1 1 Data from the MagnaProbe are 23 saved in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Snow monitoring snow depth Magnaprobe Original files mDDMMYY Quick validation of data e Copy the data to an excel worksheet use template from last year Plot the GPS positions and check that the positions look reasonable Insert all manual depth measurements gt 120 cm in the datasheet Insert a column with remarks and include comments from your notebook Mark rows with test measurements and delete any recordings that should not be included in the final sheet incorrect recordings double measurements etc 2 1 4 Using
129. ottle and 250 ml cup j Plastic funnel 77 i rer Filter assembly aa EA ier g gt 3 Teflon tweezer Nucleopore filters 0 4 Micron Fig 8 3 Collection bottles left Equipment to be used for filtering middle Filtering right 3 10 Weigh one of the pre rinsed glass bottles 250 ml and record the weight in the field chart These bottles are rinsed in nitric acid before shipment to Zackenberg Pour a little of the filtered water into the small beaker Shake and discard the water Add another 20 30 ml of the filtered water into the small beaker and leave it for later use to clean the filter cup Use the rest of the filtered water to clean the 250 ml glass bottle the one you just weighed Pour 1 3 of the filtered water into the bottle Close the bottle with the black cap Shake and discard the water Repeat the process twice and use the water to clean the filter cup before discarding it Take one of the filters and weigh it on the analytical balance Place the filter on the filter assembly and connect the filter cup Pour c 200 ml of the water sample from the plastic bottle into the filter cup and start the pump When most of the water is through shake the rest of the water in the plastic bottle and add it into the filter cup Depending on the sediment concentration this may take 10 30 minutes When all water has run through the filter remove the top of the set up filter assembly and cup and pour the
130. ouse left Open filter house and sticky plate right Input of data Fill in information about the filters dates of insertion and removal in the Excel worksheet Sigma YYYY and save in the folder GeoBasis Sigma sampler Sigma YYYY 114 Winter storage e Atthe end of the season all filters are stored in zip bags and send to Deutscher Wetterdienst for analysis together with the worksheet SIGMA_YYYY e The filter house is dismounted from the pole mast and stored in House 4 at the station Only the pole is left out for the winter Contact Volker Dietze German Meteorological Service Research Center Human Biometeorology Air Quality Department Head of Particle Laboratory Stefan Meier Str 4 D 79104 Freiburg i Br Germany phone 49 69 8062 9599 mail volker dietze dwd de web http www dwd de web http pm uni freiburg de 115 12 Geomorphological monitoring See the 1995 Zero Annual report 12 1 Coastal dynamics Parameters to be measured Coastal cliff recession Topographic changes at two cross shore profiles Wetland sedimentation rate Photo monitoring of characteristic landforms Geobasis monitoring in the coastal zone km b Zackenbergelven 8265 8264 8262 509 510 Fig 12 1 Map showing monitoring sites in the coastal zone 12 1 1 Coastal cliff recession Photographic monitoring Y Topographic profile 8265 Coastal cliffrecession x Wetland sedimentation rate UTM Grid Zone 27 8264 8
131. ove out of their original position This can result in crooked lids and binding or leakages in one corner or side of the chamber Try to think how the lid should be placed to fit to the new position and then apply washers between base and lid to direct the lid into the right position once more 113 11 Aerosol monitoring Particle deposition is measured with a passive sampler Sigma 2 The sampler is installed at arrival to Zackenberg and weekly deposition is collected during the entire field season After the season Samples are analysed at the German Wetterdienst in Freiburg 11 1 SIGMA 2 Passive sampler k Location The Sigma 2 mast is located in an open heath area east of the station near the stream K relven c 100 m north of the soil plot Dry 1 UTM 8265149 mN 513741 mE Elevation 44 m a s l Operation 2008 Frequency Change filter every week Fig 11 1 Sigma mast with filter house 2 m above ground Equipment to be used e New filter stored in house 4 at room temperature e Empty box labelled with number date of insertion and removal Changing filter 1 Open the filter house by lifting the case 3 4 cm and a turn 90 of the housing 2 Remove the filter plate from the housing and protect it in the glass plate box Write date for insertion and date for removal of the filter on the protection glass om A p n 1 4 r a an aW aA gt oa ai ae A x Filter plate Fig 11 2 Sigma sampler filter h
132. ow and ice drift in the water snow and ice conditions along the river and in the riverbed and colour of the water 2 Record water level from the stage and if possible measure distance from SR50 to water surface and distance from river bed to SR50 sensor In the laboratory 1 The sediment sample 500 ml bottle is labelled after the following system DDMMYY HH and stored in the fridge or in a Zargesbox for later filtration see section 8 5 3 Measure pH and alkalinity in a sub sample of the water collected for chemical analysis Follow the procedure provided in section 8 2 and 8 3 Samples should have the same temperature as the pH buffer solutions 4 Filter one 50 ml of the water from the bottle after the prescription in section 8 4 to prepare for later chemical analysis The 50 ml sample is for chemical analysis at IGN Label the filtered water sample after the following system DDMMYY HH ex 230613 08 a sample taken 23 June 2013 at 8 am 5 Once a week a subsample of 20 ml water must be filtered after the prescription in section 8 4 to prepare for later chemical analysis Store this sample in the freezer at 18 C Label the filtered water sample after the following system DDMMYY HH ex 230613 08 a sample taken 23 June 2013 at 8 am 6 Atthe end of the season or when possible during the season bring samples to Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management for further analysis Keep samples cold during t
133. puter e g PDA Snow shovel Voltage meter compass Manual for Licor7200 Bobble level Tape and strips E Ethernet cable or serial RS232 cable BE ia CR1000 box Licor7200 box gt lt 5 Sa Jik Fig 10 10 Licor7200 and CR1000 at MM2 1 Locate the anemometer and make sure this and the energy mast is in level use bobble level 2 If needed further secure the cables and wires around the masts 3 Connect the computer to the Licor7200 using either an Ethernet cable or RS232 serial cable inside the hut 4 Perform a span and zero test of the Licor7200 see section 10 2 4 5 Change the housing temperature to the summertime temperature 30 degrees Celsius Follow the instructions given in Li 7200 CO2 H2O analyser Instruction manual section 4 4 53 6 Calibrate the Licor7200 following the instructions in the Li 7200 CO2 H2O analyser Instruction manual section 5 The calibration should be performed using one zero gas nitrogen and two span gasses e g 400 ppm and 900 ppm CO 7 The power supply should be changed from windmill and solar panels to power from the generator at the research station Wiring diagram on how to change set up is in preparation 100 c a Eaa Sr z D 12V PASCOE 600W 1 h fe i Fig 10 11 Left Inverter inside the hut at MM2 Middle look inside the CR1000 data logger box Right look into the Licor72000 box 10 2 3 Every day check of
134. r Write year of battery change on the module Erase data from storage module Use the SMS or Loggernet program Choose Storage module and press Erase on the menu lower left side From the erase menu choose Erase Data This option erases all data but restores any programs on the storage module The storage module can be left in either Ring mode or Stop mode Leaving the storage module in Ring mode will result in over writing of existing data if the storage module runs out of space whereas in Stop mode the storage module will stop saving data when the storage module is full Always leave the module in Ring mode Offloading data from the Micro Meteorological Station M2 M3 M7 and M8 CR1000 data logger Equipment to be used e o o o Laptop computer with Loggernet Screw driver Multi tool Campbell Scientific serial cable cable with a 9 pin stick in both ends Folding rule to measure distance from SR50 to snow ground surface Measure the exact distance from the SR50 sensor to the snow or ground surface with a folding rule to be able to calibrate the downloaded data Take photos of the mast and surroundings to see the snow cover or vegetation below the sensors Undo the top and bottom screws on the white enclosure mounted on the mast and open it Connect the data cable to the CS I O port of the data logger Start the LoggerNet software and press Connect in the Main menu If it is the first time t
135. ransect e Skies Snowshoes e Digital camera i 05 1 id 2 29 ER 512000 517000 Fig 2 10 Magnaprobe in use The metal probe is pushed Fig 2 11 The orange line shows the SNZ transect along the ZERO into the snow and down to the ground surface The line The green line shows the SNM transect Numbered points floating basket moves up and down and gives the refer to a snow depth campaign performed in 2008 for the IsiCab position of the snow surface The probe is connected to project The red dot is the Zackenberg Research station a CR10 datalogger A depth reading and a GPS position are made when you press the thumb switch on the handle Manual snow depth measurements Transects 1 Use map and GPS to find the starting point of the survey Keep walking around the site to a minimum to prevent impact on the snow 2 Record date time and remarks about the snow surface condition smoothness dust deposits colour tracks how soft the snow is etc in the field book 21 3 Before you start the MagnaProbe should be calibrated by making a record with the sliding basket in the lowest position and a record with the sliding basket in the highest position on the probe The readings should be very close to 0 cm and 120 cm respectively 4 Follow the instructions from the MagnaProbe Manual 5 Push the MagnaProbe vertically into the snow until you reach the ground see Fig 2 10 The white basket floats on the snow surface Press the thumb switch
136. ransport The frozen 20 ml sub samples should be kept frozen during transport and brought to Department of Biology University of Copenhagen 67 Contact Contact Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Department of Biology www bi ku dk Management Anders Michelsen Vagn Moser E mail andersm bi ku dk E mail vagnm ign ku dk Input of data to the local database Write results in the template River water GeoBasis river water data template and save in GeoBasis river water data YYYY A complete file of all samples must be included when samples are sent to the laboratory Make sure that the list includes all samples and that the ID on the list corresponds to the ID on the sample label Quick validation of data Make charts of all parameters and check that the values look reasonable Hvis der kun er en Baro diver til radighed Zackenberg placeres den ved Metan stationen 68 Topcon opmaling af elven Opstil Topcon sa den kan male til alle 7 koter vandstandsbrettet SR 50 sensor Diver og OBS sensor hvis den er lagt ud 7 kote punkter Gul kote sten pa toppen af skr nten R d kote sten den malede r de sten Fixpunkt 642 2009 01 t t p b d overgangen Fixpunkt 642 2009 02 samme sten som den r de kote sten Fixpunkt 642 2009 03 t t p vandstandsbr ttet Fixpunkt 642 2009 04 syd for hydro masten Fixpunkt 642 2009 05 syd for hydro skabet mg a ae Pree y Vandstandsbreettet
137. re distance from sensor to riverbed before and after Troubleshooting e Ifthe SR50 sonic sensor fails there is a spare SR50 sensor in house number 3 ASIAQs storage The sensor can be replaced by undoing it plug it out from the device socket near the sensor house e If the power for any reason has been cut it might be necessary to re install the programme on the data logger This is done via computer or via storage module see section 2 1 1 Install programme and Troubleshooting Latest ASIAQ programmes are located in the GeoBasis directory ClimateBasisASIAQ YYYY Hydrometric station st 642 Program 7 1 2 Manual water level monitoring Water level is manually measured once a day or more if an usual situation occurs Every year as soon as the stage level is free of snow it must be levelled to get the exact position elevation Use the total station Topcon GTS 6 and follow the procedure given by ASIAQ Topcon measurement See end of this chapter Location Stage level old Located a few meter up streams from the hydrometric station Mounted into a big boulder UTM 8264572 mN 512597 mE Elevation m a s l 12 2011 57 Must be measured exact every year section 13 1 3 Fix points Beside the two fix points A and B Fig 7 5 and 7 6 ASIAQ created five supplementary fix points on the east side of the river in 2009 They are marked by metal plates on big boulders and named 642 2009 01 to 05 Fig 7 7 Elevation is measur
138. relatively smooth surface of the river bed and a place where water level is high enough to cover the sensors also when the water level is low Notice The frame must be wired to one of the big boulders at the shore in order to find the sensor 5 When the frame is placed on the river bed make sure the OBS sensor is still pointing into the river and place a few big boulders on the frame Record the time and how much water there is above the sensor 6 Finally connect the cables to the data logger The connectors are stored in plastic containers fixed on the mast and are ready to connect on the outside bottom of the data logger enclosure Fig 7 10 58 7 Offload the data logger and make sure data from the sensors look reasonable During the season Check every week that the sensor and the sensor pass is clear Sometimes debris and vegetation or dead fish will get tangled in the wires and cover the sensor especially after flood situations Also make sure that the sensor is always covered by water If not move the sensor to a deeper spot but remember to register time and water level above the sensor before and after removal Fig 7 8 Metal frame for installation of OBS diver and Fig 7 9 Old storage of cable and sensors during winter Conductivity sensor Preparation for winter storage e Follow the wire and bring the metal frame into land Note Make sure the position of the divers have been levelled before they are moved Separate
139. ring a small bottle with water can be left in the enclosure as long as the air temperature is above freezing and insert the outlet tube from cell A into the water Allow bobbles to escape through the water by orientating the outlet horizontally or slightly upwards inside the bottle Notice the time on your watch count 20 bobbles and look at your watch again If 10 20 seconds have passed the air flow is fine if not adjust the nubs on the nitrogen gas bottle just next to the enclosure Allow the flow to stabilize for a couple of seconds before performing the bobble test again Repeat this exercise until the gas flow is correct During the main field season this should be done every third day or whenever great changes in temperature occurs In the outer seasons it might be necessary to do it every day because the gas flow is very sensitive to great changes in below O degrees Celsius temperatures Also note the amount of gas content in the gas bottle If the gas flow is optimal the consumption of gas should be around 20 bar month 5 Report observations about the weather wind wind direction precipitation cloud cover type of clouds snow cover snow condition ground surface and vegetation Drainage vegetation condition flowering 6 Finally report any operations or adjustments carried out on the system and check date and time on the computer i a ANU ill aN l En _ 4 Cable infoutlet
140. rs are and have been working satisfactory prepare a worksheet with a copy of data and make charts of every parameter 4 Make sure that the solar panel on top of the enclosure is free of snow 9 3 Soil water Soil water is collected at various depths in soils below characteristic vegetation communities using soil water samplers suction cup lysimeters from Prenart The suction sampler used in Zackenberg is Prenart Super Quartz made of porous PTFE teflon and quartz They can be applied for soil water sampling in all soil types and are most applicable for investigations of soil nutrient status In the GeoBasis program both temporal and between sites variations are monitored Parameters to be monitored Z pH Z Conductivity Z Alkalinity IGG Chloride CI IGG Nitrate NO3 IGG Sulfate SO IGG Calcium Ca IGG Magnesium Mg IGG Pottasium K IGG Sodium Na IGG Iron Fe IGG Alluminium AI IGG Manganese Mn BIO Dissolved organic carbon DOC i rl Fig 9 9 Suction probe used in Fig 9 10 Installed suction probe A BIO AONA NH4 N Zackenberg Pore size 2 microns teflon tube connect the probe to BIO Dissolved total nitrogen DTN the soil surface Photo not from Zackenberg The prefix tell where the analysis are performed Z In Zackenberg IGG Department of Geography and Geology BIO Biological Institute see App 6 Location Soil water has been sampled since 1996 at the two main sites in
141. rsion is given here in this manual and fill out the field chart There is also a RIP cutter available in House 4 See separate manual by Stine H jlund inside the casing for the RIP cutter Equipment to be used e Snow Survey Sampling Equipment Snow Hydro consisting of four sampling tubes e Spanner wrenches 24 e Thread protector Driving wrench Weighing scale and cradle Snow survey sampling guide Field chart 2 App 2 Handheld GPS Ranging pole Go to the site Find an undisturbed snow surface Record the UTM position from the GPS Measure snow depth with a steel probe avalanche probe Assemble sampling tube by screwing tube sections together hand tight Make sure numbers on the scale run consequently Before taking a sample check the tube for cleanliness no snow inside the tube Weigh the empty tube Hold the sampling tube vertically and drive it to the ground surface Be sure the cutter penetrates to the ground surface Before raising the tube read the depth of snow on the outer site of the tube Turn tube at least one turn to cut the core loose Carefully raise the tube look through slots and check that the snow core is intact read length of snow core core length should be at least 90 percent of the snow depth except in snow of very low density or mushy snow If it is not retake 25 Fig 2 13 Snow sampling tube in use 6 Use a folding rule to measure exact depth of snow where the sample was collected Insert t
142. ry change Batteries must be changed every second year if logging interval is every hour Notice See separate manual by Jordan R Mertes for complete instruction on how to change batteries Contact regarding instrumentation of the temperature strings Hanne Christiansen hanne christiansen unis no 52 6 Support of the ClimateBasis monitoring programme The Climate Station and the Hydrometric station are part of the ClimateBasis program operated by ASIAQ Greenland Survey Each year staff from ASIAQ visits Zackenberg for a technical inspection of the ClimateBasis installations During their visit GeoBasis staff must be ready to support ClimateBasis staff when necessary In the field season GeoBasis staff must carry out inspection of the larger ClimateBasis installations and the Hydrometric station Status report After arrival a status report must be send to ASIAQ If there are any breakdowns or operational failures at the stations a detailed description must be send to ASIAQ in order to prepare them for their technical inspection 6 1 The Climate station The climate station consists of two almost identical 7 5 m masts East st 640 and West st 641 which have separate power supply Radiation sensors and the snow depth sensor are placed on separate masts Location All masts are located in the Cassiope heath just north of the eastern end of the landing strip It is in the central part of the study area on a melt water pla
143. s are placed inside the enclosure mounted on the mast Frequency Data from the snow depth masts are offloaded immediately soon after arrival to Zackenberg and when the snow has disappeared see field program Notice Keep walking around the masts to an absolute minimum Use skies or snowshoes to minimize impact on the snow around and below the sensor in order not to influence the melt rate Offloading data from storage module M4 Offloading data from the M4 can be done direct in the field or the storage module can be brought back to the station for retrieval of data In the field the latest data can be retrieved direct from the data logger but if data from a longer period are to be retrieved the storage module must be offloaded Notice the data logger only holds a limited amount of data at these stations Offload data from storage module at the station Equipment to be used e Laptop computer e Screw driver e Folding rule measuring probe e SC12 cable with a 9 pin stick in both ends e SC532 interface connected to power outlet For field use a 9V battery must be used e RS232 cable grey cable with a 9 pin stick in one end and a 25 pin stick in the other end Disconnect storage module RS232 Cable C12 Cable Fig 2 5 Datalogger CR10X at M4 Fig 2 6 Setup for offloading storage module SM4M right 1 Measure the exact distance from the SR50 sensor to the snow or ground surface in order to be able to calibrate the data Note
144. scsceseccecnces 93 10 1 2 Licor Start Up orori a a aa SEERE SEERE ERNE SENESTE SEERE TERE RENS TERESE BONDENS 95 10 13 HF ore g t m Off eec rann aa a E ves cates lnnstareuaueiwustendtanawescauenleueaeesaes 95 10 1 4 Every day check of the micrometeorological station MM1 cccsccccscscessccscsceccccscscececsecsces 95 LO DS CHANGING HESS arianske eee 97 10 1 6 Calibration of the Li 7000 analySer sessesessssessesessssessssessssesssseossseoseseossssossssossssoesssossseoese 97 10 17 OTMO AGING Cate cosina a a r a aa AENA 98 10 1 8 Automatic camera at MM 1 essessessecescescessesseceecescescescescesesoseceecescesceseecessesceecescesceseeseeseese 98 10 1 9 Preparation for winter storage cscecsccscscsccccccsceccccccscscescecscnceccececscesescecscecescececscesescececes 98 10 2 Flux monitoring at MM2 sesessesessesessssesssoesssossssoessssecssoessssecssoeosssecssseossosossseossseossssoseososessoeeee 99 10 2 1 Installation of the micrometeorological station MIMZ cccccccscscecsccscscecsccscsceccccscscececcececes 99 10 22 Upstart Of LicOor7 200 crena a RARE 99 10 2 3 Every day check of the micrometeorological station MIM 2 ccsccscscessccscscsccccscsceccccecsces 101 10 2 4 Span and zero test of Licor7200 ssesessssessssessssesssseoesseosssssssssoesseossoesesosossssoessssesssoessssese 102 10 2 5 Internal chemicals and mirror cleaning cccsccscsceccccccsceccccccsceccccccscsceccecscscececcecs
145. snow cover monitoring see chapter 2 3 other cameras are places around the valley in order to follow different glacial and geomorphological changes In the beginning of the 2014 season only camera other than the Nansen cameras is installed However other cameras may be installed and should be checked as part of the GeoBasis field program e g every third week 3 1 Automatic camera at glacier lake An automatic camera is placed at a glacier dammed lake at A P Olsen land see photo in order to follow the dynamics of this lake and the glacier front At several occasions draining of this lake has caused large floodings in the Zackenberg River Location The camera is placed on a big rock on the NW side of the glacier dammed lake UTM 82844 66 mN 487814 75 mE Elevation 755 m a s l Fig 3 1 The camera position is marked on the map by the green triangle left The block with the camera on top right Frequency The camera is placed almost 40 km from the Research Station and must be off loaded in the early season when there is enough snow to reach the glacier by snow mobile Equipment to bring e Spare camera and box in case the old one is broken or flooded Equipment to mount the camera box Spare SD card OBS the cameras can t work with SD cards larger than 2 GB Voltage meter Laptop computer and SD card reader Offloading the camera See procedure from section 2 3 1 36 Camera 6 Glacier Covers part of the glacier dammed la
146. sons Digital camera Survey of river cross profile 1 Place the Topcon at the eastern bank plateau in the line of the cross profile blue rope 2 Follow the instructions given in section 12 1 2 bullet 4 6 3 Start measurements at the fix point where the blue rope is attached on the western bank and move in a straight line towards the Topcon 4 Survey all points where the vertical angel of the profile changes Record information about the point in the radio shore line in the water fix point top of beach ridge etc 5 The person in control of the instrument must guide the prism holder to stay in the line and write down vertical distance VD horizontal distance HD and information of the point 6 Continue the cross profile till you are at the foot of the cliff on the eastern side 7 Measure position of all fix points see Field chart 11 8 Measure position of stage level place prism on top of the stage level 9 Measure position of the lower part of the SR50 sensor by touching the SR50 bottom with the top of the prism pole remember to measure the exact distance from top of the prism pole to centre of the prism Finally measure the position of the river bed right below the SR50 Input of data into local database Add all data and information into a worksheet and calculate the exact level of the SR50 lower part and O cm at the stage level Use the fix point on top of the cliff 34 78 m a s l as basis
147. ssoesssoeossoessssessssesssoesssseoseseoesssoseseossesosees 71 8 1 Conductivity measurement ssesessescessessesoscoesessssoescesoesoecoesososscesossoessessecossossesossosscessesssseessesee 71 8 2 PH Measurement snan a a a a a a a aa 72 8 3 Alkalinity measurement scissssrsississseicisirsreresssinessrssesii sssrds sdsbi ise eriondoa iis ia aa 72 8 4 Preparation of samples prior to chemical analysis sccecsccscsceccccscsccccccscsccccccscsceccccscscecececsces 73 8 5 Suspended sedimenteren i E E Erdi 74 8 6 Bottle ANG Vial WashihE ssrin tanan a a a a a a a a 76 8 7 Mercury CHE samples ar ES DE ES a a a a a 76 9 Soil moisture and soil water monitoring sessssessssessssessssessssesssoessssessssesssseossoeossoeosssesesssoseseossesoesee 80 OT Soll MIU TU cearna a E aa aN aa aai 80 9 1 1 Automatic soil moisture monitoring ccsccccscecsccscscsccccccscsccscccscscececcecececescecscscescecscscesessecs 80 9 1 2 Manual soil moisture MONITOLING cccceccccscscecsccscnceccccecscsceccccscsceccccececscessecscscescecscsceseesecs 82 9 1 3 Manual soil moisture monitoring in ZEROCALM 2 csccscscecsccscsceccccecsceccccccscsceccecscsceseesees 84 9 3 Soil Wate nh craniana in i eee ae ener 86 10 Gas Tux MONILONING sinrin karate enes needed E ENa 92 10 1 Flnemonitoring at MM 14 s roserne eden eee beses serene sanne 92 10 1 1 Installation of the micrometeorological station MIM1 csscscscsccccscsccccccscscecccc
148. t where the automatic snow cameras are also mounted UTM 510992 m E 8265315 m N Elevation 480 m a s l Frequency On days with fine weather no clouds or fog in the photo area around 1 June 10 June 20 June and 30 June respectively On sunny days photos must be taken in the afternoon after 16 00 to prevent direct sunlight into the camera It takes about 1 2 hours to walk from the station to Nansenblokken Equipment to be used e Digital camera with calibrated lens see section 2 3 5 Taking photos 1 Take three photos of the valley see sample Fig 2 19 Keep the mountains in the horizon in the absolute uppermost part of the photo 2 Repeat the process with zoom and cover the same area To be able to stitch the photos make sure the overlap between photos is large enough c 1 5 3 Turn the camera 90 and repeat the zoom panorama with camera in a portrait position 34 me my Sipe Fig 2 18 Monitoring photos Three photos at wide angel cover the central part of the valley and Young Sound Input of data into local data base Save the images in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Billeder Year Nansen Stitch the images with one of the stitch programmes from the camera software CD and save the panorama views in the directory GeoBasis Automatic Photomonitoring Stitchbilleder Nansen stitch Year 35 3 Automatic digital camera monitoring Besides the automatic photo monitoring from Nansenblokken used for
149. t Press identify logger to see logger status Once you have clicked identify logger it will attempt to connect once connected it will give the current logger status such as seen below in Fig 5 4 Here you can see the logger s clock the deviation to the pc s clock the memory size percent of memory full how much data has previously been uploaded the logging period and the next log time This should all be set up so the clock is in Zackenberg time and the logging interval should be 1 hr You can press synchronize clock if the deviation is off Press display measure to see a current measurement load disk to download data or parameters to adjust the loggers parameters When you press load disk it will ask if you want a full download or incremental download if you ve downloaded before It will then display the data as follows A new window will open showing a graph and below it the rough data The GeoPrecision logger SHOULD automatically create a file in its directory named after the logger and the data However to be safe click FILE SAVE AS and save a txt file named LOGGER ID_SITE NAME_DATE If the logger is very full please be sure the txt file has been created and is up to the date you downloaded or as close as it could and then clear the logger to start fresh 51 aoa GPSW S Shell W fa he Fig 5 4 In the red box on the left battery status memory status and logger time Batte
150. t automatic weather stations st 644 the climate station M2 M3 M7 and M8 and manually in two grid net ZC 1 and ZC 2 and along two transects through the valley SNM and along the ZERO line SNZ 2 1 1 Automatic Meteorological and snow depth measurements M2 M3 st 644 M7 M8 The permanent automatic weather stations measure distance to the snow soil surface from a fixed point using a Sonic Ranging Sensor soil temperature radiation wind speed relative humidity and air temperature Location of the sites is shown in Fig 1 1 and Fig 2 1 2 5 Climate Station snow mast st 644 Located 30 m north of the Climate Station in the Cassiope heath right north of the eastern end of the runway Near grid point 92 in ZC 1 UTM 8264774 mN 513380 mE Elevation 45 m a s l Operation 1997 Instrumentation of the mast see ASIAQ folders Data download Satellite modem on east mast Fig 2 1 Snow depth mast at the Climate Station Meteorological station M2 Located on a south facing slope in the ZC 2 grid approximately 200 m south of the runway The mast is situated on the border between an upper zone of Cassiope and a lower zone of Salix snow bed vegetation UTM 8264019 mN 513058 mE Elevation 17 m a s l Operation 2003 Instrumentation of the mast Table 1 App 3 Data download CR1000 data logger CFM100 Compact Flash Memory Module Meteorological station M3 Located on a gently south west facing slope hal
151. ta into files named Profile1 or2 ddmmyy and save them in the GeoBasis directory GeoBasis Coastal monitoring Topographic profiles Laboratory work To be able to compare the topographic profiles adjust the height and length of the profile after the top of the iron peg at the plateau For profile 1 use P1b 5 12 m a s l and set the length to O m at that peg Table 12 3 For profile 2 use P2a 6 13 m a s l and set the length to O m at that peg Table 12 4 12 1 3 Topographic measurements in the Zackenberg river Once a year and after any extreme events detailed topography of the Zackenberg river cross profile should be surveyed This is done as a support to AQSIAQ and the modelling of the river discharge Also the exact position level of the sonic ranging sensor and the stage level should be measured see section 7 1 2 Use the theodolite station Topcon GTS6 and the fix points on the eastern and western shore for this purpose Due to safety instructions this measurement must be performed in late August or early September where the water level is low Location Measurement of the river cross profile are performed along the wire at the river crossing Fig 7 1 and 7 10 Equipment to be used e Total station Topcon GTS 6 Extra battery for GTS 6 User manual GTS 6 Stage Tripod Prism rod Fig 12 7 Total station at the river bank and equipment used 120 GPS Field chart 11 Ranging poles Notebook Waders 2 VHF radios 2 per
152. ted data will be used to improve current model predictions for future changes in the ecosystem and to quantify the feedback mechanisms from the ecosystem to the climate Monitoring was initiated in 1995 1996 and based on the first year s experiences additional activities has been and will be incorporated into the programme 1 2 The GeoBasis database Data from the GeoBasis monitoring programme are presented in the ZERO Annual Report published by National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University After internal validation all data from Zackenberg Basic will be available from the internet homepage www zackenberg dk Until the database is ready data collected by GeoBasis can be ordered from Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen mrp ign ku dk and ClimateBasis data from ASIAQ jab asiaq gl All GeoBasis data are public domain However we would very much like to assist in any scientific evaluation that you may want to perform using GeoBasis data 1 3 Links Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring www g e m dk 1 4 Field season period The main field season runs from late May or early June and ends in late August or early September However since 2007 the season has been extended in both ends Earliest start has been mid March and latest closing has been early November Locations of GeoBasis and ClimateBasis plots referred to in the manual are given in the map Fig 1 More detailed maps and UT
153. that the external pump is broken Equipment to be used e Air filters Licor art no 9967 008 e Preferably a tube cutter but a knife scissor can be used Changing filters 1 Turn off the external pump according to the procedure given in section 10 1 3 2 Remove the filter by cutting the tubes near the metal branch on the filter 3 Connect a new filter to the tubes Make sure the tube covers the filter branch completely and that the filter is installed so inlet outlet is in the right direction according to the direction of the air flow Fig 10 5 4 Start the external pump according to section 10 1 2 10 1 6 Calibration of the Li 7000 analyser Calibration is performed when the system is installed once in the middle of the season mid July in combination with a filter change of the sample cell and again when closing down the system at the end of the season Finally calibration is performed if there are any signs of drift in CO2 concentration that indicate calibration is needed Follow the procedure given in separate manual by Magnus Lund black folderXXX 97 Equipment to be used e ECOCYL bottles with span CO gt gas of known concentration and N2 gas e Manual in the Black folder Li 7000 setup for measurements and calibration by Magnus Lund 10 1 7 Offloading data Offload and backup data at least once a week or whenever you need the data The data can be downloaded from the CR1000 in two ways 1 by connecting your c
154. the average thickness for the entire grid is about 30 cm Thereafter the active layer is measured once every second week until the upper part of the soil starts to freeze Equipment to be used e Stainless steel rod probe with centimetre graduation and handle 1 2 m long e Field chart 4 and 5 App 3 e Digital camera Procedure for active layer measurements 1 Start in one of the corners in the grid Make sure that the orientation of the field chart is right compared to the grid Measurements have been performed since 1996 and several times each year which means there are a large number of probe holes around the grid mark At the first probing each year decide where you will probe this season and use the 40 same hole throughout the rest of the season Note in 2014 all probings should be approx 20 cm NORTH of the stones in 2015 EAST of the stones 2 Press the steel rod vertically down in the ground When the tip of the rod touch the frozen surface a finger is placed on the rod at the soil surface Pull up the rod and read the depth on the centimetre division Make sure you do not force the probe to deep Stop pressing when you feel resistance 3 Note the depth in the field chart It is important that all measurements are made to the soil surface and not the vegetation surface Especially in the wet part of ZC 2 where the water level is high and the vegetation is dense it can be difficult to determine the soil surface Press your fingers
155. the tube it is probably because the tube is warm compared to the snow Leave the tube in the shade or bury it in the snow Another way to help this problem could be to take samples early in the morning or late in the evening when it is colder 2 2 1 Making snow pits Snow pits are made in order to give a more detailed description of the snow pack and variation in snow density and temperature of different layers Use the described equipment listed below or the RIP cutter Frequency At the end of winter a deep snow pit is made in the snow patch near ZC 2 in the deep part but outside the grid net to reduce impact In the area near the Climate Station a pit is made several times during snow melt for a better description of the changes taking place Equipment to be used e Snow shovels e Tape measurer e Thermometers e Paint brush e Mass scale kitchen scale or salter scale e Snow sampling tube or short 20 cm steel tube Metal shave plates Folding rule Metal spatula knife Field chart and pen j En Plastic bags for chemical samples Fig 2 14 Equipment used for sampling in the snow pit 1 A pit is dug in undisturbed snow Decide where you will have your profile wall in order to avoid disturbance of the snow surface in that end The main wall of the snow pit must not receive direct sunlight during the measurements as it will increase temperature readings 2 Dig a pit all the way to the ground surface Make the pit large
156. uld always be on when the licor is on make sure the flow of N2 is open before turning on the licor and do not close the N2 flow before turning of the licor 10 1 4 Every day check of the micrometeorological station MM1 A daily check is carried out in order to prevent data loss in case of break down or failures in the system 1 Fill out the daily observation chart for MM1 Field chart 10 2 During snow melt check that the mast is not tilting due to freeze thaw processes in the soil Use the bobble level and adjust the mast by tightening the wires 3 Check the temperature inside the enclosure The enclosure is insulated in order to prevent freezing during the cold months but in the summer with direct sun light it can easily get 95 too hot in there Avoid over heating of instruments by removing the foam that insulates the inlet in the bottom or leave the doors a little open but still secured Finally you may have to remove the insulating material The operating temperature of Licor7000 is 0 50 C that is the Tan analyser temperature The instrument will likely not be damaged by freezing degrees but measurements are less reliable Temperatures above 50 C should be avoided in all cases 4 Check the flow rate of the incoming nitrogen gas see figure 10 5 On the backside of the Licor7000 an outlet tube from cell A leads out to the open air There should always be a continuous flow from the tube of about 1 2 bobbles per second B
157. ule Pointers Free Space Storage Ref Pointer Display Pointer DumpPointer Module Values Good FLASH blocks Error Count Programs Switch Settings Status AAdvanced 8 Press Connect and the computer start communicating with the storage module 2 9 Choose Data in the lower left side of the screen 3 10 Under File Naming Options name the file xxYYMMDD xx M4 YY year MM month and DD day and choose a directory 4 11 Press Append to current file and Get New 5 6 12 After data retrieval press Disconnect and bring back the storage module to the station and re insert the storage module in the data logger Make sure the storage module blinks red or green when reconnected Record date and time for re connection Offload data from storage module in the field Equipment to be used e Laptop computer with Loggernet Screw driver Multi tool J e Campbell Scientific serial cable cable with a 9 pin stick in both ends e Folding rule to measure distance from SR50 to snow ground surface 10 11 Ue 3 al N t Connect to labtop 7 c e El eg i inc WADE IN USA ga 7 sScsse a 9 PIN PERIPHERAL TO R8239 INTERFACE F Connect to SM4M using a SC12 cable Z Fig 2 7 Offload equipment powered by a 9 V battery can be used when offloading storage module in the field right Measure the exact distance from the SR50 sensor to the snow or ground surface with a
158. until you meet the clearly marked stones with red paint Subject Active layer temperature in very coarse clastic sediment UTM 501002 m E 8267463 m N Elevation 259 m a s l Installation depth 0 75 135 cm Operation period 1996 43 T4 On Nansenblokken at the eastern slope of Zackenberg The TinyTag is located in a stone cairn next to the digital cameras Subject Air temperature UTM 8265315 mN 510992 ME Elevation 480 m a s l Operation period 2002 V2 On the southern side of Gadek ret northeast of house number 6 Subject Water temperature at the bottom of a pond UTM 512916 mE 8264519 mN Elevation 35 m a s l One TinyTag Installation Under fluctuating water levels Operation period 1995 1 S4 Traverse through the big snow patch west of the Zackenberg river c 250 m southwest of the river crossing Subject Soil surface temperatures inside and around a large snow patch UTM 512209 mE 8264467 mN Elevation 16 29 m a s l Installation One tinytag on the plateau north of the snow patch S1 Two tinytags on the south facing slope within the snow patch S2 in the upper end and S3 in the lower end One TinyTag in front of the slope in the vegetation c 10 m south of the stream that drains the snow patch S4 Operation period 1995 44 Sal 1 Adjacent to the BioBasis plot Sal 1 The TinyTags are placed inside a waterproof box mounted on steel legs Subject A
159. ure that the values you get from the person in the river seem reasonable otherwise ask to have the measurement re done 61 The velocity is measured in 15 20 verticals across the river Every meter when the river is bank full and in the period when the river is narrow due to snow or ice or low water level Measure the depth of water in the first vertical If the depth is lt 30 cm the velocity measurement is made in 0 6 x total depth measured from the surface and down If D 25 cm Measure in 0 6 Actual depth 10 cm from river bed If D 60 cm Measure in 0 2 and 0 8 12 cm and 48 cm from river bed Water table Water depth P RO D oS a Mean velocity co River bed Fig 7 12 Standard velocity profile in the river and an example of measuring velocity at two different water depths 8 10 11 12 13 If the depth gt 30 cm the velocity is measured as a mean between the velocity in 0 2 and 0 8 x total depths measured from the surface and down Keep the OTT C31 current meter propeller upstream during measurements Be careful that you keep the propeller perpendicular to the current during the measurement If the flow along the profile is not running perpendicular estimate the deviation angle degrees and note in the field chart During measurement check the digit counter if it counts un even the propeller might have turned or there might be a boulder on the river bed that
160. variance system where CO gt and wind speed are measured By combining these data it is possible to calculate the CH and CO flux for the area Furthermore an energy mast and rain gauge have been installed at the site in August 2011 Location of MM2 P R Rain gauge and The micrometeorological station MM2 is located 5 Old edd st and in a wet fen area Rylek ret yellow circle at Fig 10 1 Licor enclosure not in use I F c 300 m north of the Methane station Eddy mast UTM 8265810 mN 513267 mE Hut Instruments UTM 8265817 mN 513283 mE Elevation 40 m a s l Energymast Rives Operation period 2009 Battery box lt instrumentation Eddy Mast inverter and Instrumentation of MM2 see separate manual Efoy cells Fig 10 9 MM2 site in the fen 10 2 1 Installation of the micrometeorological station MM2 Soon after arrival winter data from the station should be downloaded see section 10 2 6 downloading data by changing CF card in CR1000 data logger The eddy covariance mast is situated permanently at the site The LGR for the CH gradient system is installed in the hut see separate manual Micromet Fen Manual 2010 10 2 2 Upstart of Licor7200 After data has been downloaded from the CR1000 data logger the Licor7200 should be span and zero tested and the housing temperature changed to summer mode After changing the housing temperature it is necessary to perform a full calibration 99 Equipment to be used e Com
161. velocity for every vertical by the depth of the vertical e Take half the product mean velocity depth from the first vertical and multiply by the distance between the nearest shore and the first vertical e Take the mean of the product from second and third vertical and multiply by the distance between those two verticals Continue like this to the last vertical e Take half the product from last vertical and multiply by the distance from the last vertical to the shore e Add all results from above to get the actual water discharge Maintenance e Current meter must be returned to the factory for calibration every second year e Check if there is oil in the propeller If not add some acid free oil look for a one litre bottle in the chemical storage in House 2 Manual discharge measurement using Q liner The Q liner gives you detailed information about the river flow and provides an accurate bottom bed profile It is ideal for rivers 1 30 m wide and 0 3 5 m deep The Q liner uses Doppler technology to measure the vertical velocity profile One of the big advantages is that the Q liner can be operated from the shore through blue tooth communication Often it is not possible to use the Q liner all the way since the water level is very low in the eastern end of the cross section The shallow part of the river is always measured by propeller Equipment to be used e Q liner manual Operating Instructions Mobile River Discharge Measurements Syst
162. water Make sure that the cell is completely covered in water Read both conductivity and specific conductance expressed in uS cm and record results in the field chart for river water soil water or stream water respectively 2 Record the temperature of the water sample when performing the conductivity measurement Conductivity of solutions is highly dependent on temperature Notice The YSI 30 conductivity meter has different modes Conductivity A measurement of the conductive material in the liquid sample regardless of temperature 71 Specific Conductance Also known as temperature compensated conductivity which automatically adjusts the reading to a calculated value which would have been read if the sample had been at 25 ie 8 2 pH measurement pH must be measured within 36 hours in an unfiltered subsample pH is measured in the field or in the station laboratory using a pH meter The same subsample can be used for both conductivity and pH measurements but conductivity must be measured first For calibration operation cleaning and storage of the pH meter see the Operation Manual stored in the laboratory The buffer solutions and the water sample must have same temperature when measuring 1 Calibrate the pH meter before making measurements A two point calibration in buffer solution pH 4 and pH 7 is performed as close as possible to the sample temperature follow the guide for the actual pH meter used Finish by measuring in the pH
163. water table and distance from the Fix pole to the top of the white tube 109 e Check that the diver is covered by water If not the diver must be installed deeper make sure that the diver does not touch the bottom of the white tube Removal of the diver Remove the divers when ice starts to form on top of the water inside the tube The diver must not freeze in Record time for removal and check the distances Offload data from the diver Follow the procedure in the Diver Office 2009 1 manual Save data in the folder GeoBasis Diver Data YYYY Original data K1 diver or Methane_Baro The original mon file will be altered when you baro compensate the diver data ah Fig 10 17 The diver tube K6 diver and the metal probe K6 Fix The diver is placed so it hangs ina that crosses the tube near the top left Overview of the methane site with divers and water level site mid The water level site WTS right J Pos gt 4 a d a ee Kf ain wae al string from the screw 10 3 4 Dark chamber measurements Once every week dark chamber measurements are performed no need for dark chamber measurements in September and October Do it after you have done a weekly check of all chambers where you make sure that they are all functioning properly 1 A box made for the purpose can be found in the hut 2 Wait for the chamber to close completely and then place the box over the chamber immediately Make sure it covers well around the chamb
164. which it does every third hour at 12 3 6 and 9 AM and 12 3 6 and 9 PM The photos can be retrieved using the USB cable from the camera places inside the enclosure and a computer PDA Empty the camera soon after arrival to Zackenberg and then every week during the rest of the season e g when downloading data Make sure the camera is running and in a good position before leaving the station in the fall Remember to empty the camera just before leaving the station in the fall 10 1 9 Preparation for winter storage At the end of the season the Licor7000 at MM1 is taken down The energy mast the eddy correlation mast and the enclosure are left at the site Mikkel will help doing this 1 2 Span test the Licor 7000 to check that no drift has taken place see section 10 1 6 3 Download data from the system see section 10 1 7 4 Shut down the system see section 10 1 3 98 5 Make sure that all tubes are closed or connected on the back of the Licor to prevent any open passage into the analyser 6 Change the power supply from the generator power to solar panels or windmill This will keep the Interact mast running during winter time 7 Leave the main switch of the power outlet at the OFF position 8 Read the power consumption on the display in the Generator house at the Research station Fig 10 4 10 2 Flux monitoring at MM2 The MM2 station consists of a gradient system where CH is measured at two levels and an eddy co
165. y propeller Frequency Discharge is measured as often as possible as long as the riverbed bank is covered in snow preferably 2 times a day Snow and ice on river bed and banks changes the cross profile and result in a false water level and therefore manual discharge measurements are the only way to get data from this period After the channel is free of snow discharge is measured 5 10 times over the season Especially measurements at very high and very low water levels are of interest in order to improve the Q h relation When the river starts to freeze the water level is again influenced by differences in snow and ice and discharge should be measured a couple of times during the freeze in period where the water level is usually very low Location Discharge measurements are performed along a blue rope at the river crossing site Equipment to be used e Two persons e Life west e Waders 60 Hanes Timer Folding rule 30 m tape measurer OTT C31 current meter Probe with cm division and grip wrench Digit counter Field chart 6 App 2 Fig 7 11 Discharge measurements are performed along the blue rope Q liner is attached to the steel wire Manual discharge measurement using propeller This is only done in the very shallow eastern part of the river or early in the season if the water level is low and you can cross the river without any problems Follow the safety instructions for being in the river Use life west

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