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PowerFactory Tutorial

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1. DIgsI wrng Part 2 5M_1 Eln5yn DIigsI wrng Maximum Active Power Limit exceeded 200 47 MW gt 138 00 MW Calculate DIigSI info Load flow calculation successful Output Data DIgSI info A calc relevant object was changed p DIigSI info Calculation results will be deleted SPECS ats Create Textbox Edit Graphic Object Part2 Freeze Ortho Sts 0 321 DB 1845 29 04 2008 14 13 1 Fig F 6 Defining a Power Frequency Controller The power frequency controller already has the Bus Bar of Frequency Measurement field set The selected generators are in the machine list Enable the option According to Nom Power In the Basic Data page set the name of the controller Name Secondary Control Close the controller dialogue with OK The new element Secondary Control has been created in the database It is also possible to add generators to an existing frequency controller This is done from the single line diagram Multi select the generators right click the selection Select the Add to gt Power Frequency Controller A ist of existing frequency controllers is shown from which the one must be selected to which we want to add the generators The frequency controller dialogue appears The generators are now added to the machine list unless they are already contained in it Close the frequency controller dialogue The load flow will be different now gt Open the load flow com
2. D 7 Editing Single Port Elements D 15 Editing Two Port Elements D 14 Jumping to Other Elements D 14 Events BIEN e EAA EN PENE EEEE E T 1 6 EAIUNO eiia aaa Il 7 EXO E le capes cas aati aut bioaastetseciens C 35 gt 6 o ae E PAE A D 1 Tutorial Index POC ab e een ey mene tS nee ne Te E 1 EXCESS A F SECS erecta oats tea E G 1 EXAFCISE G geii a E a T H 1 EXCECISC Z aaraa eaaa I 1 Export AZ ks Reena eee ea eee TT aerate B 2 PFA MES sinana aa B 2 F Flip and Rotate Objects ee D 8 Frequency Controller wu F 9 G Generators COMMU ONG ienas ne detente I 1 Graphic Colour Representation 0 0000 E 13 Disconect Elements 0 cc c H 3 Flip and Rotate o e D 8 Graphic Layers cecer D 8 Multiple Graphical Representations G 5 Paste Graphic Only G 4 Rotate Object ooo eee H 3 I Import 0 Fe gt See ne ee ree gee B 2 DGRMNGS anene e O B 2 roduc UoN ene A 1 L Load Flow Calculation Performing eccerre D 16 Secondary Control ecce F 9 M Motor Driven Machine MDM DACS a AT H 6 Creating and Editing 0 000 0 H 6 Motor Start Simulation Performing sisaceniestendacanvnnendeskongvus H 5 P Plots Adding a new Graph I 10 Creating asn dat taste Gieutl anes 9 Power Factory Closing and Restarting 0 C 7 Power Plant EdIUNO serres T H 3 Modelling serene H 1 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Index
3. Study Time 07 02 2106 07 28 15 a Descript gt gt ile kek M Date gt Date Day of Week Monday al eT i gt Time Day of ear 1g Leap rear Hour of ear 2847 h Fig C 8 Setting Date and Time of the Study Case DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project Press the button gt Date and the button gt Time to set the current computer date and time for the study case gt Click the OK button The study case dialogue window should look like Figure C 9 now Press OK to save the settings for the study case Study Case Study Cases tudy Case IntCase fx Basic Data Calculation Options Description OF Name Case Cancel Owner Contents Output Y arables Contents for load flow and simulation for short circuit Trigger Volt w k Wolk Y k Load Scaling Ampere k oo Ampere A k F WEMA Var iM WEMA Var M Grids System Stages study Time 20 04 2008 15 59 29 E Fig C 9 The study case dialogue window after changing the settings The name in the study case list on the main menu should now have changed to Case 1 too The study case list shows the currently active study case and may be used to select another study case or to deactivate the study case by selecting the empty line C 4 Closing and Restarting the DIgSILENT PowerFactory Program The PowerFactory program does not have a Save
4. v Edit the transformers for the plant supply Name Tpp1_EB Type Project Type gt TR2 2 110 33 Flip the connections if required DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation gt Multi edit the two generators make sure that the editor browser is in the Detailed Mode see F 2 Editing the Elements Basic Data page Name PP1_G1 left generator Name PP1_G2 right generator Type Project Type gt SGEN 150M 33kV Load Flow page Reference Machine Disabled Voltage Control Power Factor in the editor browser Ctr Mode 0 Input Mode PC P cos phi Active Power 50 MW Power Factor 0 95 gt Edit the asynchronous machine Basic Data page Name PP1_ASM1 Type Project Type gt ASM 33kV 3MVA Generator Motor Motor Load Flow page Active Power 2 MW Edit the load Basic Data page Name PP1_L1 Type Project Type gt General Load Type gt General Load Load Flow page Active Power 0 5 MW Power Factor 0 80 Mvar lh gt Perform a load flow calculation to check the results p For each of the two new generators an active power of 50 MW was defined The two gen erators do not participate in the secondary control This will now be changed gt Multi select the generators right click them and select Add To gt Power Frequency Controller Select the Power Frequency Control that is shown in the browser
5. DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager gt Double click the line to edit it Name L_Swb Rt Type Project Type gt Line Type TypLne gt Types Cables library subfolder gt Cable 11kV400A again a cable Length 5 km gt Connect a load y at the Short Terminal at the end of the line Your single line graphic without background guides should now look like Figure E 2 Taiim Eso Grid pat et aes i D1 Swab iG Dl _odia D2 Siwab oL A Gaa onono f ic D4 33a B 3 ME 7 t B Vv Fig E 2 New cable short terminal and load To create the branches of the new cable Select the Load element from the drawing toolbox gt Left click ON THE LINE at the position where the upper load is connected A Branch Off Element dialogue should pop up If this doesn t happen but a single load symbol is placed on the diagram the line was missed Press Esc to try again in that case possibly after the area has been zoomed To insert the load into the line a small terminal is inserted The Branch Off Element dialogue is used to define the physical position of the terminal and if switches should be inserted DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager gt Set the New Position to 4 km The Branch Off Element dialogue shows the valid interval 0 to 5 km gt The Switch options Insert Switches on Right Side Left Side should be
6. Power System Components Creation D 2 Connecting Two Grids 06 G 3 Editing Components 00 D 10 Project Creating esera C 2 R Relevant Objects for Calculation F 5 Result Boxes ADOH rar eieehitt oneness D 18 Format and Edit 000 a D 18 Result Variables oo eee cece 7 DENNING aeui tae eae Cet een re I 7 Rotate Object occ eeeseeeeees H 3 S SAVING Data asrni T C 7 Short Circuit Calculation Performing secasvessics sictsenesiensiciensdatentes D 21 Study Case Adding a Grid wu eee cece eee G 1 RENAMING anuani aaan C 5 Substations Terminals and Cubicles 0 0 D 3 T Terminals Cean eonan A D 2 Transient Simulation EVON oe A I 6 Initialization Il 5 Result PIOUS ssacccvicecrntscaneveeteenseeeiccetenes I 10 seting UD scctaseinytacsinstssontonieesieeai Seino l 5 Variable Sets a csscicoceueintsasverncestvumvons l 7 Tutorial Creating the Project 0 C 2 Tutorial Manager cecer A 1 V Variable Sets oo sceeessseeeeeees l 7 Virtual Instruments Adding a new graphic ecen I 10 AS e a A RT I 9
7. gt For a third time right click the top switch select Open and set Execution Time 0 4 s Action Open All Phases enabled Repeat for the other switch To check the list of the defined events do the following gt Click on the K icon to open the event list Check the events and correct mistakes If not detailed information of the events can be seen in the browser press the Detailed Mode button 4s Remember that only elements of the same class can be seen in the detailed mode I 3 Defining Results Objects and Variables Sets In order to produce graphs from the transient simulation we have to define which variables are to be stored by the simulation The PowerFactory software has thousands of possible variables which could all be stored and analyzed However storing them all would take too much time would produce megabytes of data and would make it very difficult to select a variable for displaying its values in a graph The solution is to select a number of variables prior to the simulation This is done by creating so called Variable Sets for each power system element that we are interested in The Tutorial Manager has already defined some of these sets for the generator PP1_G1 for the terminals Trm_G1 and Trm_G2 and for the line L_ppla you are going to define the one for generator PP1_G2 In the Tutorial project the Variable Sets are stored in the study case Case1 under the
8. v v v Vv vy v v vY Name D1_Swab To enter the 7ype left click the type selection button Th and choose the Select Project Type option This opens the library in the database tree Please navigate to the Types Busbars folder as shown in Figure D 8 This busbar library has been installed by the Tutorial Manager When needed click on the symbol to open the Database subfolders or doubleclick them Select the Bar 33 kV type by left clicking the small object icon Holding the mouse still above the object icon will bring a balloon help as depicted in Figure D 8 Press OK to select the busbar type The terminal edit dialogue will become active again Press the button with the blue arrow at the Substation entry in order to edit the substation The dialogue window of the substations appears Figure D 9 Change the name of the substation to Station 1 Enter S1 for the Short Name Press the button Set Nominal Voltage in order to set the nominal voltage for the whole substation Enter 33 kV as shown in Figure D 10 Close the substation dialogue by pressing OK Note the nominal voltage of the terminal has changed to 33 kV automatically The nominal voltage of a terminal may be different from that of its type The selected busbar type is designed for 33 kV but may be used for other lower voltage levels DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Press O
9. y Cases Case 1 Load Flow Calculation ComLdf fx Iteration Control Outputs Low Voltage Analysis Advanced Simulation Options _Erecute Execute Basic Options Advanced Options Execute Active Power Control Idflim notopo sece Close Calculation Method Cancel beer errr eee eee ere eee eee eer eee eee ee eee eee eee C AC Load Flow unbalanced 3 phase ABC C DC Load Flow linear Reactive Power Control Automatic Tap Adjust of Transformers Automatic Shunt Adjustment i Consider Reactive Power Limits Consider Reactive Power Limits Scaling Factor Load Options Consider Voltage Dependency of Loads Feeder Load Scaling Consider Coincidence of Low Voltage Loads Scaling Factor for Night Storage Heaters i OU re Fig F 5 Consider Reactive Power Limits in the Load Flow Calculation The secondary controller function for the power system frequency control gt equilibrium between power demand and power production is performed by the top generator alone The other two generators are fixed to a certain PQ setpoint active and reactive power Due to this control settings the upper generator is heavily overloaded However we cannot simply set all generators to the SL slack mode because this would create three reference busbars which would all have a voltage angle of 0 0 degrees The solution is to select one reference busbar for which the voltage angle will be 0 0 degrees and to cre
10. Q 2 19 Myar cosphi 0 92 Fig D 12 Results of the load flow calculation In this figure the balloon text help which appears if the cursor is held still over a result box is shown also Especially when a larger part of a power system is viewed the result boxes may become hard to read The balloon help may then be used to view the results DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 4 Editing the Result Box Format The result boxes are not fixed to the currently visible result parameters but may be freely edited PowerFactory offers highly flexible result box definition tools with which about any possible result box format may be defined In this tutorial only the most direct way of changing a result box definition is used For some users this method may be sufficient for their needs Other users may want to read the parts about editing result box definitions in the User s Manual after they finished the tutorial To understand the way the format of the result boxes is managed and edited it s important to understand the nature of the PowerFactory result boxes D 4 1 Background Information About Result Boxes A PowerFactory result box is actually a tiny calculation report In principle there is no difference between a complex multi page load flow report and the small result box of a line Both reports are generated by so called result forms which use the DIgSILENT output language to define the
11. gt Tutorial Library Library Composite Frames Composite Frame ASM In the Slot Definition table the corresponding field of the slot asm slot must display the name of the asynchronous machine and the field of the slot mdm Slot must display the name of the motor driven machine The other two fields have to remain empty If the slot of the asynchronous machine appears empty after changing the Frame definition please do the following Double click in the asm empty slot In the browser select from the left part of the window the grid defined as Part 2 On the right side of the window the asynchronous machine PP1_ASM1 should now appear Select the asynchronous machine and press OK DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation Fig H 2 At this point you do not have to worry about composite models because adding a mdm asm slot Elm Asm mdm slot EIlmbh4idm poo slot ElmF co pmu slot ElmF m Composite Frame for asynchronous machine to an asynchronous motor is a simplified common procedure To see the implications of the new mdm Repeat the motor start analysis Now It takes almost 1 4 seconds more for the machine to reach the nominal speed This concludes this exercise of the tutorial DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis Chapter I Exercise 7 Transient Analysis In exercise 6 we got a first glimpse of the t
12. DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem Edit the center load Name Ld_Swab Active Power 20 MW Power Factor 0 90 Finally edit the generators one by one gt Top generator Basic Data Load Flow Name SM_1 Type Project Type gt Types Mach Syn gt SGEN150M 110kV Reference Machine enabled Mode of Local Voltage Controller Voltage Voltage 1 0 p u for the Dispatch Angle 0 0 deg Left generator Basic Data Load Flow Name SM_2 Type Project Type gt Types Mach Syn gt SGEN150M 110kV Reference Machine disabled Mode of Local Voltage Controller Power Factor Active Power 100 0 MW Power Factor 0 95 gt Right generator Basic Data Load Flow Note Name SM_4 Type Project Type gt Types Mach Syn gt SGEN150M 110kV Reference Machine disabled Mode of Local Voltage Controller Power Factor Active Power 100 0 MW Power Factor 0 95 If the Active Power and or the Power Factor fields are not visible in the Load Flow page select P cos phi in the Dispatch gt Input Mode option DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem F 3 Performing Calculations gt Perform a load flow with the option Consider Reactive Power Limits enabled see Figure F 5 gt Correct the system in case of errors Load Flow Calculation
13. The option Redraw Element is available for all symbols in the single line diagram Left clicking the upper and then the lower terminal while drawing a the transformer creates a straight connection The transformer symbol is placed in the middle A non straight connection would be made if we gt first left clicked a terminal to make the first connection gt left clicked the drawing surface to define corners in the connection line gt double clicked on the drawing surface to place the transformer symbol gt left clicked the drawing surface again to draw the second connection line gt and left clicked the second terminal to make the second connection The detailed graphics of the substations will pop up after that in order to let you connect the transformer to the breaker panels You may want to practice this now using the option Redraw Element D 1 3 Creating Single Port Elements Single port elements are power system elements which are connected to one terminal only generators motors loads external grids etc The tutorial grid has two asynchronous machines Press the icon in the drawing toolbox gt Connect the first machine to the lower terminal by left clicking it on the position as shown by the background pattern The detailed graphic of the substation pops up Connect the machine to one breaker panel by clicking on one of the marked breaker terminals gt Connect the second machine to the middl
14. This adds the generators to the list of controlled machines of the secondary control gt Select Individual Active Power from the Contro Mode field In the Load Flow tab of the Power Frequency Control Edit the Active Power Percentages in the list for the existing generators to have 33 and the added generators SM_2 and SM_4 to have 17 gt Perform a load flow calculation to check the results Any differences to the previous load flow calculation DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation H 3 Performing a Motor Start Simulation You now have a system with four generators and a big asynchronous motor which is to be analyzed for its motor startup capability To perform a motor start simulation gt Right click the asynchronous motor PP1_ASM1 and select Calculate gt Motor Startup gt Set a simulation time of 5 seconds The Motor Start Simulation is a predefined sequence of commands and events for the sim ulation of the dynamic behaviour of the motor during startup Herewith the follwoing tasks are performed automatically e Disconnects the asynchronous machine e Calculates a new load flow e Calculates the initial conditions for all dynamic elements e Creates a new graphic board with several predefined output curves e Starts a transient simulation and executes a Switch Event to switch on the machine during simulation e Runs the simulation for 5 seconds During the
15. Events are saved in the active study case under the Simulation Events folder H from there they can be accessed and edited The Short Circuit at Line option at the line object must be set to prepare the calculation for a line with a short circuit event This inserts an additional internal calculation node at the fault location in the line When this option is changed a re initialiation of the simula tion by clicking on the me icon is required Switching Events F After clicking again on the 2 icon and then pressing Execute you are ready to create the switching events gt Right click the top switch at line L_ppia and select Open or double click it This will create and show a new switch event EvtSwitch Set the following data in the Basic Data page Execution Time 0 2 s Action Open All Phases disabled Phase b and c disabled Phase a enabled Repeat the same procedure for the bottom switch Make sure that the correct switch is selected If the switch was not right clicked but the line an event for the top switch will automatically pop up v v I 6 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis gt Right click the top switch again and select Open Set the following data in the Basic Data page Execution Time 0 3 s Action Close All Phases disabled Phase b and c disabled Phase a enabled Repeat for the switch on the other side
16. Form Settings Formats Grf Result Power Loading Leistung Auslastung 2 IntForm Change View Name Power Loading Leistung Auslastung Value Unit Inset Mode t Show t Of On Digits after decimal Faint a O Variable Name f Hide C Show Show with equalsign m P _LOCALBUS MW Active Power mQ LOCALBUS Mvwar Reactive Power Loading Fig D 13 Editing result boxes using predefined variables Observe the change in the result box for the transformer It now shows the current Try the balloon help it has changed too gt Observe that all result boxes for the transformers have changed gt Select the option Edit Format for Edge Elements again Try setting the number of digits to 3 or 4 or adding the unit by using the Unit check box Show If the result box becomes too small to display everything e Un freeze the diagram E e Right click the result box and select the Adapt width option It isn t often necessary to add units or descriptions to the result box formats because these are also given in the single line legend and are shown in the balloon help The legend in the lower left corner of the single line diagram is automatically updated when the result box formats are changed The legend is shown or hidden by pressing the DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 5 Performing Short Circuit Calculations A short circuit calculation may be started from the m
17. Select the Common Model ElmDsl from the element s list A data browser window with the message Block Definition pops up There you have to define the type of the new controller gt In the data browser select the vco_IEEET1 from the global library as the type It can be found under the path Database Library Models old version IEEE Models DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis gt gt Edit the voltage controller according to Name VCO_PP1_G1 Parameters Parameters VCO PP1 G1 Tr 0 02 S E1 4 p u Ka 100 p u Sel 1 5 p u Ta 0 05 S E2 6 p u Ke 1 p u Se2 2 5 p u Te 0 2 S Vrmin 8 p u Kf 0 0025 p u Vrmax 8 p u Tf 1 S Press OK The edit dialog for the new synchronous machine composite model pops up gt v v Vv vy v v Edit the Basic Data page according to the following information Name Plant PP1_G1 Frame Select gt Database Library Models old version IEEE Frames IEEE frame no droop In the Slot Definition table check that PP1_G1 and VCO_PP1_G1 have been added to the sym slot and vco slot respectively If the slot of the synchronous machine appears empty after changing the Frame definition please do the following Double click in the sym empty slot In the browser select from the left part of the window the grid defined as Part 2 On the righ
18. Sequence Voltage Mag pPhiul busi de Po amp itive Sequence Voltage Angle uz busl au Hegative Sequence Voltage Magnitude d p P p E k phiud busi Hegative Sequence Yoltage Angle 10r busi ou 2ero0 Sequence Current Real Part 2ero Sequence Current Inaginary Part 2ero Sequence Current Magnitude 2ero Sequence Current Magnitude I0s3 gt bust 3 I0 phiifl busl 2ero Sequence Current Angle 11lr buel u Positive Sequence Current Real Part 111 busi Ju Poeitive Sequence Current Imaginary Par 11 bus1 u Positive Sequence Current Hagnitude IL busl k Potitive Sequence Current Magnitude phiil busl Positive Sequence Current Angle 12r buel u Hegative Sequence Current Real Part w k Fig I 2 Defining a variable set I 4 Running Transient Simulations and Creating Plots During a simulation all variables defined in the variables sets are written to a result file 1 3 That result file is used to define graphs and other kinds of virtual instruments VI s A virtual instrument is a tool for displaying calculated results The most common use of a VI is to look at the results of a time domain simulation like an EMT or RMS simulation by defining one or more plotted curves These curves show the variables changing with time In this part of the Tutorial we are going to introduce some of the features of virtual instru ments to visualize the results of the transient analysi
19. button for projects All changes made to the system database are immediately stored in the database on disk This means that you may end the program at any time without having to save your work first There just is an option to save Operation Scenarios manually The concept of Operation Scenarios is described in the User s Manual they are not part of the Tutorial yet The software will not reactivate the last active project at start up However the last few active projects are kept in the main Fi e menu Reactivating a recently active project is a matter of left clicking one of these entries This Tutorial may thus be interrupted at any moment without further actions and may be continued at any time later by only reactivating the Tutorial project DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Chapter D Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements In the previous chapter a Grid folder Part 1 and a Study Case have been created This would normally be enough to start working Some additional folders and settings however which have been created for the Tutorial will make things a bit easier To install these extras a special command dialogue called Tutorial Manager is provided see Chapter A 1 The Tutorial Manager principally does the following e It installs a project containing the predefined tutorial Power System and an equ
20. button to move the selected variable to the right panel Select Variable Set Signals Multi select the variables psie p u Exitation Flux speed p u Speed ve p u Excitation Voltage phi p s ROLOr angLle pt p u Turbine Power xspeed p u Speed Pl MW Active Power Q1 MW Reactive Power Press the El button to move the selected variables to the right panel Select Variable Set Calculation Parameter Select and move to the right panel the variable c dfrotx deg Maximum Rotor Angle difference Close the variable set by pressing the Ok button DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis Variable Set Case1 Results PP1_G IntMon I EMT Simulator Harmonics Protection Optin ston Slate Estimata Reliability Description OK Basic Data LoadFlw YDEAEC Shot Crcut FullShortCrout ANSI ShoetCircut AMS Simadation o Object Re Part 2 PP1_G2 o W Display Values dunng Simulation in Dukut Window see Simulation Command Filter hor Variable Set Curente Voltages and Powers Vanable Hame p Wanable List Bus Mame busi v List page W Display Al Avaliable Vanables Selected Vanables 2ero Sequence Yoltage Magnitude 2eTO Sequence Yoltage Angle Po amp itive Sequence Voltage Real Part Positive Sequence Voltage Imaginary Par Positive Sequence VYoltage Magnitude Line Ground Positive Sequence Voltage H Line Line Positive
21. contents of the report The following example of a part of a result form is given to get an idea about this topic Normally the user doesn t have to edit this result form manually because there are easy to use dialogs for editing available which are presented in chapter D 4 2 The following example has been taken from a large load flow report format which included macros loops and many other reporting commands The example shows a piece from the heading of the report where totals are reported for the generation and motor load active and reactive power Generation Motor SHE Load SHE S HE c Pgen c Pmot SHE Te Ogen TO Omot Important here is to understand that we may also write such report forms for the result box of a line Because we want to see other results after we ve performed a short circuit calculation than after a load flow calculation we may create two small report forms one for reporting for instance the initial short circuit current and apparent power and one for reporting the active power the reactive power and the power factor It is thus clear that it must be possible to create and select a result box format for each available calculation function Besides that we generally want to see other results for branch elements than for node elements The flexibility of the PowerFactory result box formats even extends these basic requirements by offering the definition of results boxes for differe
22. disabled Press OK The new load symbol is attached to the line 90 degrees turned The physical position of the line branch has no relation to the graphical distance of the branch to the top terminal D2 Swab as seen in the single line diagram Of course the order of the branches in the diagram equals the physical order but the graphical distances between them have no meaning gt Insert the lower load in the same way Set it at 4 8 km that means enter 0 8 km because the dialogues counts from the inserted terminal above also without Switches gt Insert the third load between the two other ones gt Set the load at 4 4 km enter 0 4 km gt Enable the left switch option gt Flip the connection of the load Click with the right mouse button into the empty drawing area to free the mouse pointer from the load click on the last inserted load element with the left louse button and hold the mouse button pressed move the load to the other side of the line as indicated by the background figure free the mouse button to drop the load on the new position The third load is now inserted 180 degrees turned It is also possible to right click it after inserting and to select F ip At Busbar This will rotate the element 180 degrees around its busbar connection This concludes the topological changes for the third exercise of the tutorial Note that the name of the line L_Swb_Rt has been replaced in the single line grap
23. folder Results As you will notice Variable Sets are Power Factory objects of the class IntMon DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis To create the PP1_ G2 variable set gt gt Freeze the single line diagram Right click generator PP1_G2 and select Define gt Variable Set Sim This will lead you to the Results folder where the already created variable sets are stored Notice that whenever you define a variable set for an element within the power system as in the previous step a new empty variable set for that element is created in the Results folder v Vv vy Vv vy v Vv v v Vv vy v Vv vy v gt gt gt Double click the icon of the PP1_G2 variable set in the Results folder to edit it A Variable Set object dialog as the one depicted in Figure I 2 will pop up Select the RMS simulation page In the Filter for field select Currents Voltages and Powers from the Variable Set menu Select bus1 A from the Bus Name menu Select the variable IT busl A kA Phase Current Magnitude Press the gt button to move the selected variable s to the right panel Select Bus Name bus1 B Select the variable T bus1 B kA Phase Current Magnitude Press the gt button to move the selected variable to the right panel Select Bus Name bus1 C Select the variable I bus1 C kA Phase Current Magnitude Press the El
24. icon 4 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation H 2 Editing the Power Plant gt Multi edit the two new lines make sure that the editor browser is in the Detailed Mode see F 2 Editing the Elements to have Name L_ppla and L_pp1b Type Project Type gt OHL 110kV Length 2 km Edit the single busbar Name PP110_1 Type Project Type gt Bar 110kV Nom Voltage 110 kV Substation Name Station Power Plant 1 Short Name PP1 WwW Edit the three terminals WwW Name Trm_G1 left generator Name Trm_G2 right generator Name Trm_EB plant supply Type Project Type gt Bar 33kV Nom Voltage 33 kV Edit the two generator transformers one at a time Name Tpp1_G1 left Name Tpp1_G2 right Type Project Type gt TR2 60 110 33 If the Inconsistent data error dialog pops up after you press OK on the edit dialog of the transformer you have to flip the connections high voltage side is connected to the 33 kV terminal while the low voltage side is connected to the 110 kV busbar One way to do that is Cancel the transformer edit dialog Change to No freeze mode Right click the transformer and then select Disconnect Element Right click again and select Rotate gt 180 Right click and select Connect Element Left click on the 110 kV busbar and then on the generator terminal
25. in the Fi e menu That menu keeps a list of the last 5 active projects The Tutorial should be one of the choices It is also possible to activate the Tutorial project by means of the Data Manager Press the icon look for the project in the database tree left side of the window right click on it and select Activate It is recommended to make familiar with the Data Manager by doing exercise 3 before using it to start the tutorial A short description about how to activate an existing tutorial project within the Data Manager is given in chapter E 2 Using the Data Manager DIgSILENT PowerFactory Introduction to the Tutorial If you cannot find the tutorial project either in the file menu nor with the Data Manager you will have to start at the beginning on the tutorial exercise where you left the tutorial by selecting Start gt Exercise Xin the Tutorial Manager A 2 Conventions Terms and Abbreviations used in this Manual Mouse and keyboard handling actions are abbreviated and a shorthand is also used to describe actions that the user should take To assist the user these shorthand descriptions are specifically formatted to stand out as follows Key As in Press the left mouse key A key is either one of the mouse keys or a key on the keyboard Mouse keys are sometimes called buttons as in the mouse button Button As in Press the OK button The word button is used for screen areas which perfor
26. line diagram without the background should now look like Figure D 5 Fig D 5 Three substations with single busbar systems and two transformers If something else than a transformer has appeared or if the connection was not made as intended press the Undo button to cancel the last step Pressing ESC while drawing will cancel the drawing of the transformer DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements The transformer may be moved similar to the same way a busbar is resized gt Left click a transformer to select it Left click the selected transformer hold down the mouse key gt Move the transformer one or two grid points left or right by dragging Release the mouse button Normally you cannot drag the transformer outside the range of the two terminals If you try this it will be positioned at the terminals as far to the right or left as possible If you try again from this position you can drag it outside the range gt Move the transformer back to its original position If the connections were crippled m during the first move press Undo button 7 to undo the move You can also draw the transformer symbol again by right clicking it and selecting Redraw Element from the contextsensitive menu This will mark the two terminals to which the transformer is electrically connected You can re draw the transformer again but you have to connect it to the two marked terminals
27. lines which connect the power plant with the transmission system The single phase line fault results in the opening and reclosing of the faulted phase and because that does not clear the fault the complete separation of the line thereafter In order to define a short circuit at the line L_ppla and the resulting switching sequence we have to define the short circuit and the switching events that will ultimately isolate the line Events as any other element within Power Factory are objects of different classes depending on the event that can be accessed and edited through the Database Manager The most easy way for defining events for a simulation is to set up the initial conditions and then create events by right clicking objects Please note that no protection devices are used in this example I 2 1 Setting Initial Conditions Prior to the transient analysis the internal operation statuses state variables and internal variables of connected machines controllers and other transient models that affect the time domain simulation must be computed based on a load flow calculation F The Calculate Initial Conditions command Jv allows the determination of the transient simulation settings and calculates the initial conditions initialize the simulation We will run an unbalanced stability simulation using RMS values which is normally used to analyze the behaviour of the control systems To set initial conditions gt
28. simulation the result plots are updated continuously The motor start batch job produces four graphs for the motor itself showing active power current etc and one graph with the voltages of the motor busbar terminal One of the resulting plots is displayed in Figure H 1 It shows the reactive power demand of the asyn chronous machine during start up If the texts are too small to read point at them and a balloon help will pop up or use the zoom buttons You can also change the style of the whole page by selecting a different style drop down menu Set current Style ey a en ep l 10 00 QS Se SS S T 0 00 EE lL llli 2 50 0 100 0 920 1 940 2 960 3 980 s 5 000 FPPF1_A5M1 Reactive Power in Wwar Fig H 1 Reactive power demand during startup DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation From the plots it is seen that after about 3 2 seconds the motor reaches its nominal speed In steady state the active power demand is approximately 2 16 MW and the reactive power demand approximately 0 99 MVar This is also shown in the single line diagram The result is somewhat surprising because we did not define a mechanical load for the machine The 2 16 MW cannot be accounted for as losses at least not for a very long time So where s the power used for The answer is found in the motor dialogue gt Double click the asynchronous motor
29. systems gt Perform a load flow calculation The transmission system is now supplying the distribution network with about 14 51 MW The whole system is regarded as a whole by all calculation modules gt Perform a short circuit calculation for a 3 phase short circuit at the end terminal of the branched off line in the distribution system The short circuit is now fed by the three generators in the transmission network This concludes the fifth exercise of the tutorial Note The method for pasting single power system elements from a sin gle line diagram into another single line diagram Is just one of the methods of creating single line representations of existing power system elements This method may be used as described for connecting two power system grids but it is not so suited for creating completely new sin gle line diagrams for existing grids The PowerFactory software offers special tools for that If you are interested in creating single line diagrams from existing network data please refer to the User s Manual DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation Chapter H Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation Until now only two calculation functions have been used in this tutorial the load flow and the short circuit calculation In this tutorial exercise one of the generators in the transmission network is going to be repl
30. to open its dialogue At the RMS simulation page it shows parameters for a default mechanical load Propor ional Teccon v0 Deus t mdnmtp Exponent 2 0 mdmex These two parameters belong to the model of the motor driven machine This built in model is fairly simple and determined by the following equation which gives the relation ship between torque xmdm and speed xmdm mdml sped With the exponent being 2 the power demand is a cubic function of speed Of course this may not be the motor driven machine model that we want We will replace it in the next chapter H 4 Changing the Motor Driven Machine MDM In this section we are going to change the actual motor driven machine model In this context we introduce further important PowerFactory objects called Composite Models gt Right click the asynchronous machine and select the option Define gt New Motor Driven Machine mam Note Motor driven machine models mdm are Power Factory ob jects of the element class ElmMam that enclose information about the mechanical load of a motor The interaction between a mdm and a motor is carried out by means of another Power Fac tory element object called Composite Model ElmComp An Element selection dialogue which is used to create new objects will pop up At this moment it only shows a list of three predefined machine driven models and one general dynamic model Common Model Select the Mdm_
31. with a JUMP TO button Pressing this button either jumps directly to the connected element if there is only one such an element or shows a list of connected elements from which one may be selected To practice this Double click the external net symbol to open its dialogue gt Press the JUMP TO button The dialogue of the terminal D1_Swab appears now gt Press the JUMP TO button again A list of connected elements appears Select the transformer The edit dialogue of the transformer appears Press the CANCEL button in any edit dialogue to exit without changes D 2 3 Editing Two Port Elements To edit the top transformer gt Double click the transformer to open its dialogue gt Name T1_33 11a The dialogue shows the connected terminals These fields have been set when the trans former was connected in the single line diagram The names of the terminals are shown in red gt Type Project Type gt TR2 20 33 11 10 gt Open the Load Flow page by left clicking the page tab gt Check that the automatic tap changer is disabled and that the tap position is set to zero Press OK An error message will be displayed if the HV and LV sides of the transformer are connected wrongly In that case gt Press the FLIP CONNECTIONS button on the Basic Data page Press OK again To edit the other transformer gt Open its dialogue Name T1_11 3 3a gt Type Projec
32. 00A the Line becomes a cable gt Select the cable type and press the OK button of the browser window Length 3 km Press OK We are now going to add a cable to the right 11 kV busbar gt Select the Short Terminal element from the drawing toolbox This kind of terminal doesn t represent a whole substation This element is rather used for simple grid nodes connection points gt Place the short terminal below the terminal D2_Swab as shown in the background at the end of the next line between line end and load Edit the terminal Name Di_Reut Type Project Type gt Bar 11kV Nominal Voltage 11 kV gt Select a Line from the drawing toolbox gt Draw a Straight line between terminal D2_Swab and the new terminal D1_Reut The detailed graphic of the substation D2 Swab is opened Connect the line to one breaker panel Note A difference between a simple terminal and a substation with a de tailed busbar system Is that at simple terminals a breaker for the connection of a branch element is created automatically while you have to connect the branch element to an existing breaker panel of the substation A simple terminal gets just one simple breaker instead of a detailed breaker configuration which consists of break ers and disconnectors You can view the detailed graphic of the terminal with its connections by right clicking on the terminal und selecting Show Detailed Graphic of Node
33. Activate the Stability toolbar by clicking on the Sy icon on the main toolbar normally this toolbar is activated by standard gt Click on the x icon to open the initial calculation command gt Set the following options Method of simulation RMS Values Electromechanical Transients Unbalanced 3 Phase ABC Verify initial conditions enabled Automatic step size Adaptation enabled Press Execute to calculate a load flow and then the initial conditions After the command execution the final message Initial Conditions Calculated should appear on the output window gt Correct possible mistakes DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis I 2 2 Defining Events After initializing the simulation you may now start defining the events Short Circuit Event gt Right click the line L_pp1la and select Define gt Short Circuit Event This will create a new event short circuit event EvtShc and open the event dialog Edit the new event Execution Time 0 0 s Fault Type Single Phase to Ground Fault Phase a Fault resistance 0 0 Ohm Fault Reactance 0 0 Ohm v Press the Edit button at the Object field 24 The line dialogue appears At the RMS simulation page enable the option Short Circuit at Line Available gt Set the short circuit location to 50 Close the line dialogue by pressing OK gt Close the event dialogue by pressing OK
34. Consider reactive power limits All other options disabled DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems The load flow command now sees one single network which has two isolated areas In the output window several messages are printed out one of these messages should be DIgSI info Grid split into 2 isolated areas Switch to the other single line diagram and observe that the load flow was calculated for both grids You may have to enlarge zoom the diagram a bit to see the results in the result boxes or point at a result box to get a balloon help You are now ready to connect the two grids G 2 Connecting Two Grids The distribution grid Part 1 is fed by an external grid element at 33 kV The transmis sion grid has a load element in the middle which represents the distribution grid as depicted in Figure G 2 by the red arrow Transm 5 PomerFactary 14 0 404 Fig G 2 Transmission grid single line diagram Part 2 Middle load representing the distribution load In order to connect the two grids we have to e remove the external net object in the distribution grid and the middle load element in the transmission grid e create a 110 33 kV transformer and connect the 110 kV double busbar system in Part 2 with the 33 kV busbar in Part 1 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems The first step is easy because it is performed in each grid independently fr
35. IgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager E 3 Adding a Branched Off Line We are now going to expand the system by adding a distribution cable with loads to the middle terminal We start by drawing the extra substation right of the 11 kV terminal gt Un freeze the single line diagram only necessary if the freeze mode is active gt Select the icon in the drawing toolbox and place the new substation with a single busbar to the right of D1_11a Because this busbar is electrically similar to D1_11a we are going to copy the data gt Left click D1_11a gt Press and hold the Ctrl key and left click the new terminal Both terminals should be selected now gt Right click one of the selected terminals and select Fa t Data Alternatively double click the selected busbars A database browser will open which shows the two terminals gt Select D1_11a by pressing the icon gt Copy the busbar either right click and select Copy press the icon or press Ctlr C gt Right click the of the new busbar and select Paste Data gt Open the edit dialogue of the new busbar by double clicking the icon and check that it has the Bar 11kV as type and 11 kV as the nominal voltage gt Close the dialogue and close the database browser OK buttons This method of copying data from the one to the other object can be used to speed up the definition of networks and to reduce mistakes A lar
36. K to close the dialogue window of the terminal Please Select Busbar Type Equipment Type Library ypes Gusbars B xy Be he e r a w A eo E 88 Tutorial User El Tutorial Cancel S10 Library E SIG Equipment Type Library o Badik E H00 Composite Frames Po Baza ky OOM Controllers ank l ttt Tepes Busbard ar 33 ki Project Types O00 Types Cables Busbar Type TypBar HHU Types Lines GOA Types Loads HHU Types Mach Asyn HOA Tyoes Mach Syn OOM Types Transformers Scale eal Operational Library Scripts alll Templates eal Userdefined Models ace Network Model Ln 4 4 objectts of 4 1 object s selected Fig D 8 Selecting a busbar type Enar Terminal Part 1SingleBusbar D1_Swab ElmTerm Full Short Circuit ANSI ShortCircuit AMS Simulation EMT Simulation Harmonics Optimization State Estimator Reliability Description Basic Data Load Flow VDEIEC Short Circuit IE Name D1_S5wab Jump to Type hd Libram Types Busbars B ar 33 ki Shee d E Cubicles Alea hd 8 Substation Part 1 SingleBusbar Out of Service Substation Part 1Station1 ElmSubstat AE system Type Basic Data Reliability Description Phaze Technology Nane Staion SSS Nominal alt Cancel ee ores Short Name S Line Line Line Ground Nominal Voltage 110 ky Set Nominal Voltage Running Arrangement OF Cont
37. PowerFactory Tutorial DIgSILENT PowerFactory Version 14 0 DIgSILENT GmbH Gomaringen Germany July 2010 Publisher DIgSILENT GmbH Heinrich Hertz StraBe 9 72810 Gomaringen Germany Tel 49 0 7072 9168 0 Fax 49 0 7072 9168 88 Please visit our homepage at http www digsilent de Copyright DIgSILENT GmbH All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without per mission of the publisher July 2010 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Contents Introduction to the Tutorial How to use the Tutorial Manager 0 cee ees Initialization of the Tutorial Exercises Troubleshooting Conventions Terms and Abbreviations used in this Manual Program Overview Database Management and Backups Designed for Beginners and Experts Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project Logon to PowerFactory Creating the Tutorial Project Renaming the Study Case Closing and Restarting the DIgSILENT PowerFactory Program Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Creating the Power System Components Creating Substations with Single Busbars Creating Branch Elements 0 00 e eee eee eee eee tee Creating Single Port Elements 0 0c es Editing the Power System Components Editing Terminals and Substations Jumping to Other Elements Editing Two Port Elements xs s o 0a s sack boca Yaar ache a Ee Bee AS oe ene Editing Single Port Elements 0 00 ee Performing a Load Flow C
38. Right Busbars Name B110_4a and B110_ 4b All the busbars of the system there are 8 are equal they all are designed for 110 kV Thus it is a good idea to edit them by copying data gt Click on the icon Edit relevant objects for calculation on the graphics window icon bar 388 This will show a list with icons for all object classes found in the active project gt Press the Terminal ElmTerm icon A database browser appears with all terminals in the project DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem gt Double click the first terminal icon from one terminal with the name B110_ and edit the terminal to have Type Project Type gt Bar 110 kV Nom Voltage 110 kV gt Close the terminal dialogue The browser now shows the type and nominal voltage gt First left click then right click the entered type field in the browser and select Copy gt Left click the empty type field of the second terminal with the name B110_ Drag the mouse to the empty type field of the last terminal with the name B110_ Release the mouse key All the empty type fields should now be selected gt Right click the selected fields and select Paste The terminal type is now copied to all other terminals at once gt Check the nominal voltages of the terminals with the names B110_ If necessary repeat the copy and paste for the nominal Voltage gt Close
39. The results are given locally for each terminal as the short circuit currents and power that flows to that terminal in case of a short circuit at that terminal DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements To calculate a multiple fault fault occurring at more than one element at the same time gt Perform a balanced load flow gt Multi select two terminals by using the CRTL Key gt Right click the selection and select the Ca cu ate gt Multiple Faults option gt A browser window with a list of fault locations appear This list contains the selected terminals and additional terminals if they have been selected before You can edit this list delete entries or create new one by using the New Object button E of the browser window gt Click OK gt The short circuit command appears again It should have the method set to Complete and the option Multiple Faults should be enabled Press the EXECUTE button The short circuit currents and power in the network are calculated for the simultaneous short circuits DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager Chapter E Exercise 3 The Data Manager In the second exercise of the tutorial the main menu the main icon bar the drawing tollbox and the single line graphic were used to e Create a new project and a new grid e Define a
40. _3 ElmMdm_3 model Press OK DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation This creates a new ElmMdm_ 3 object The dialogue of the mdm will pop up automat ically Make sure that the name of the mdm in the Basic Data page is v Mdm_ 3 Edit the values on the RMS Simulation page alfi 0 95 p u slipm 0 7 p u expi 2 0 alf2 0 35 p u exp2 3 0 xkmm 0 15 p u The machine mechanical load system is modelled by means of a so called Composite Model The composite model uses a Composite Frame which is a Power Factory block diagram that hard wires controllers and other models The default Composite Frame for an asynchronous machine is depicted in Figure H 2 Although this Frame has four slots blocks only the slots for the asynchronous machine asm slot and for the motor driven machine mdm slot are used in this exercise Note A Composite Model is an advantageous Power Factory object used to connect element s models within a dynamic system Com posite models use a system block diagram representation called Composite Frame When editing a composite model the user must define a name of the model select a composite frame and fill the slots blocks of the selected frame with according elements After pressing OK in the mdm dialog the composite model dialog will pop up Edit the composite model Basic Data page Name Plant_PP1_ASM1 Frame Select
41. ables to a plot To illustrate this functionality you are going to display the active and the reactive power of generator PP1_G2 in the bottom right or last plot of the virtual instrument panel gt Double click on the subplot of the virtual instrument panel that displays the turbine power of PP1_G2 gt Double click on the Variable field of the defined curve and select s P1 from the displayed variables list gt Rigth click on the curve number and select Append Rows from the context sensitive menu Figure I 5 A new row in the Curves field is generated there you can define a second variable to display in your subplot Curves Result File Element Vanable Color Norm ElmRez l E o lepi TE Copy Select All Insert Rows Apoend Rows x Append n Rows t Delete Rows Fig 1 5 Adding a new variable to a subplot gt Following the instructions given in section 1 4 2 define the new curve to display the reactive power of generator PP1_G2 s Q1 Your subplot should look now like Figure 1 6 for the first 10 seconds a Se eee PESEE I l SS ee ee DEIS f l l I l Fig 1 6 Virtual Instrument subplot displaying two variables I 12 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analys
42. abs which are used to enter calculation specific parameters Basic data Load Flow etc e The name of the terminal e Its type with a button to select a type and one to edit the type e A Zone and an Area to which the terminal belongs These aren t used in this tutorial Further information about Zones and Areas is available in the User s Manual e The substation to which this terminal belongs with a button which opens the edit dialogue of that substation e The System Type AC DC or AC BI for two phase AC systems like railway systems e The Phase Technology to define the number of phases You can select for example whether the terminal has a neutral conductor or not e The nominal voltage of the terminal DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Terminal Part 14ingleBusbar 60 0 ElmTerm Full Short Circuit ANSI Short Circuit AMS Simulation EMT Simulation Harmonics Optimization State Estimator Reliability Description Basic Data Load Flow VDEAEC Short Circuit Cancel pee as Jump to Type Adie Library Types Busbars Bar 33 kW Sane gt n Cubicles Area Adie A Substation Fart 155ingleBusbar Out of Service System Type AC Usage Busbar Phase Technology ABC kd Nominal Voltage Line Line 33 N Line Ground 19 05256 ki Earthed Fig D 7 The busbar edit dialogue Edit the upper terminal and substation gt gt v
43. aced by a more detailed model of a power plant This power plant model will contain one large asynchronous motor for which a motor startup calculation will be performed Start the Tutorial Manager by doing the following gt Open the Tutorial Manager by selecting the File gt Setup Tutorial option on the main menu gt Select the option Start gt Exercise 6 gt Press Execute The graphics board should now show the two single line graphics from the last exercise of the Tutorial and two new tabs called Motor and Voltage a gt Perform a load flow by pressing the p button in order to check the power system H 1 Modelling the Power Plant The top generator SM_1 in the transmission system Part 2 is to be replaced by a more detailed model of a power plant The desired plant model should be already visible in the background pattern In order to delete the generator do the following gt Left click the generator and press the delete button Answer the question by Yes The deleted generator however participated in the secondary control therefore this has to be corrected gt Open a browser containing the secondary controls by pressing button on the main toolbar and then The browser window should only contain one secondary control in this example gt Open the secondary control dialogue by double clicking on it and go to the Load Flow tab The power frequency control element is still u
44. agi all asc Close Method according to IEC60509 Published 2001 E Cance Fault Type a Phase Short Gircuit Calculate Max Short Gircuit Currents hi Max Voltage Tolerance for LV Systems 10 Short Grcuit Duration Break Time 01 s Fault Gearing Time Ith Ll 5 Fault Impedance Enhanced Fault Impedance Definition Resistance Rt oo Ohm Reactance Xf 0 Ohm Fault Location At User Selection User Selection wl Pat 152 01_11a lv Show Output Command Study Cases Case1 Output shows Fault Locations with Feeders Fig D 15 The short circuit command dialogue A short circuit calculation is started for a short circuit at the selected busbar only The results show the currents in the whole network except for the load element which is neglected The output window should show the following message DIgSI info Element Part 1 Transmission Grid ElmXnet is local reference in separated area Part 1 D1 Swab ElmTerm Digsi7inio Short circ it calculated at Terminal Part IAD lla DIGSL info Short circuit calc lation ready To calculate short circuits for all busbars and terminals at once gt Click on the short circuit icon on the main toolbar gt Set the Method According to IEC gt Set the Fault Type 3 phase Short Circuit Enable the Fault Location option Busbars Junction and Internal Nodes gt Press the EXECUTE button A short circuit analysis is made for all nodes busbars terminals
45. ain menu Calculation gt Short Circuit by clicking on the short circuit icon on the main toolbar or directly from the single line graphic gt Freeze the diagram gt Right click the 11 kV busbar D1_11a and select the Calculate gt Short Circuit option as shown in Figure D 14 This opens the short circuit command dialogue Set the Method to According to IEC 60909 gt Set the Fault Type to 3 phase Short Circuit gt Enable the Fault Location option User Selection and select the the fault location if necessary This is done automatically if you have started the short circuit calculation from the single line graphic as descripted above gt The dialog should look like Figure D 15 now Press the EXECUTE button Edit Data Edit and Browse Data Show Detailed Graphic of Node Switch CFF Isolate Define Add to Show Path b Calculate Shork Circuik Output Baka d Multiple Faults Execute DPL Scripts Feeder tool voltage sag table Create Textbox Disconnect All ut Sensitivity Analysis r r re a p Fig D 14 Starting a short circuit calculation from the single line graphic DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Short Circuit Calculation Study Cases Casel Short Circuit Calculation Com he Dee Basic Options Advanced Options Verification a sheviec Spsc mac
46. alculation Editing the Result Box Format 0 ccc ee ee eee eens Background Information About Result Boxes Editing the Result Box Format 0 0 eee Performing Short Circuit Calculations Exercise 3 The Data Manager The Data Manager Basics Using the Data Manager Adding a Branched Off Line Editing the New Elements A 1 A 1 A 2 A 3 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Performing CalCUlablONS amp 9 v2ue in wea eee aaa a ae A GR Rec a E 13 Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem F 1 Creating Ne VODOIOGY rea wat wna Wee amp amp ald he G ee a ew et Mtoe ice ae re a F 2 EGItinG NE EIGIMGNUS e cca vee eent at era aa tn wet ROR tian aa AE GOs aad Ge ate a wel a F 4 Performing Calculations 1 cece eee eee eens F 9 Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems G 1 Activation of the Two Subsystems 0 ee ee eee ee G 1 CONNECENG TWO GUIGS arance d a GE 8ST eRe Oa be Ree eee ee oes G 3 Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation H 1 Modelling the Power Plant 0 0 eee eee eens H 1 Editing Ihe POWEr Plant o s crc area es ek ah ae ee ee ak Se eA wee a ed H 3 Performing a Motor Start Simulation 0 0 eee es H 5 Changing the Motor Driven Machine MDM 00 00 eee ees H 6 Exercise 7 Transient Analysis I 1 Composite Models Revisited 0 0 00 ee ee ee I 1 Setting Up a Transient Short Circuit Simulation 0 00 ee eee l 5 Setting Initial Conditions aaa ee ace Sadek oe Sed Ge oe Re ee oe l 5 DEMIN EVN Orea
47. ally changed to somewhat more original than Study Case gt Select the Edit gt Study Case option on the main menu The edit dialogue of the study case is depicted in Figure C 7 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project Study Case Study Cases tudy Case InitCase Basic Data Calculation Options Description OK OK Name Study Case Cancel Owner Content Output Varnables _ Contents for load flow and simulation for short circuit Trigger Wolk Y lk Wolt W ik Load Scaling Ampere k Ampere k OW MA va iM WMS AT M Grids System Stages Study Time 07 02 2106 07 28 15 Bl Fig C 7 The study case edit dialogue Change the name to Case 1 gt To set the Study Time click in the button with the three dots a A window Set Date and Time of Calculation Case appears as shown in Figure C 8 Study Case Study Cases Study Case IntCase Basic Data Calculation Options Description OK Name Study Caze Cancel Owner Contents Output Variables for load flow and simulation for short circuit vow fk l voty fk Ampere 4 k oo Ampere 4 k waver M wawar Mw D Taute ET HETE Set Date and Time of Calculation Case Time AE Ignore Time Trigger K Date 26 04 2008 Cancel Time 5 59 29 Trigger petek Load Scaling
48. aphic Click the Colour Representation button 5 in the graphic window icon bar The Colour Representation of Graphic dialogue will open Figure E 7 gt Select Colouring Low and High Voltage Loading Change the Loading Range for Max Loading of Edge Element to 90 95 100 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager The dialogue window should look like Figure E 7 now Close the dialogue with OK We can see that the upper transformer and cable L_Swb_Tub are overloaded marked red The voltage in the whole grid is relatively low blue terminals If your network graphic is not coloured although you edited the Colour Representation run a load flow calculation again This will make the colouring appear To improve the situation we have to do some changes with the equipment As an example we will take a bigger cable for cable L_Swb_Tub Double click the cable L_Swb_ Tub Select a new cable type Vv v Press the gt button Select Project Type gt Line Type TypLne Cable 11kV800A Confirm this selection by clicking OK Close the line dialogue with OK Run a new load flow You will see that the cable isn t overloaded now Because we inserted a switch in the line just before the middle load we may switch off the last three loads gt Enlarge an area around the middle load zoom in with pP gt Right click the serial switch in the ro
49. atabase tree only shows the basic Database folder amp Left click the plus signs until the folder Database User Tutorial Network Model Network Data Part1 is open The Userfolder is your working folder the one with the small blue icon monitor screen It may have another name than User Double clicking a folder may also be used to expand and collapse folders Left clicking a folder in the database tree will show its contents in the database browser amp Left click the folder Parti The browser now shows all objects created in the second exercise of the tutorial E 2 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager The objects displayed in the browser may be sorted to the column field by left clicking the column heads amp Left click the column head Name The objects are sorted to name amp Left click the same head The objects are sorted the other way around amp Left click the empty first column head above the icons left of the Name column This sorts the objects according to their class If the Data Manager window is too small amp Point the mouse at a border or corner of the Data Manager window The mouse cursor will change into a double arrow The border corner may now be dragged to resize the window amp The whole Data Manager window can be moved by left clicking its title bar and dragging the whole window keeping the mouse button down amp The tree and browser pane are separa
50. ate a frequency controller object which will regulate the power output of the generators gt Edit all three generators Reference Machine disabled Local Voltage Controller Voltage Active Power 100 0 MW Voltage 1 0 p u This gives all generators a PV characteristic DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem Define the power frequency controller Select the upper terminal B110_1a of Station 1 and the three generators by clicking on them whole holding the Ctrl key pressed Right click the selection and choose the Define gt Power Frequency Controller option The edit dialogue of a power frequency controller will appear Switch Event Short Circuit Event Event of Synchronous Machine BI10_1a B110_1b Variable Set Sim Variable Set Harmonics Load Flow Variable Set Frequency Sweep Zone rea Virtual Power Plant Fault Case gt Planned Outage B110_4a B110_2a B110_3a Ce Se ep om TT FF ty ey B110_2b mi H B110_3b tt B110_4b ner ee ie Generator Derating O C O General Set sod ds Set Gs act DPL Commands Set B na ka Edit Data Station Control Jump to next page Power Frequency Controller Switch OFF Tap Controller Isolate Shunt Controller PowerFactory 14 0 504 Addto b Show b DIigSI info Newton Raphson converged with 3 iterations Path gt b b
51. e dialogue shown in Figure C 4 will pop up This dialogue as most others in this Tutorial is shown as it should look after we have finished editing it Project Project IntPrj BE Basic Data Sharing Derived Project Storage Description Name Tutorial Exercise Start Time 01 01 1970 01 00 00 End Time 07 02 2106 07 28 15 Contents Ok Cancel Project Settings Projects Settings Project Settings m Insert m Changed Settings Take from existing Project Set to Default Active Study Case T Fig C 4 The project dialogue IntPrj Enter the name of the project as Tutorial Exercise 1 Click the OK button This creation of a new project causes any currently active project to be deactivated if one was active and all related graphic windows to be closed A project needs at least one grid folder in which a power sub system is defined There C 3 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project fore a grid folder is created automatically and its edit dialogue pops up as depicted in Figure C 5 Grid Part 1 Elm et Basic Data Description Name Part 1 Cancel Colour i 4 Nominal Frequency 50 Hz Contents Owner DlgSILENT Tutorial Fig C 5 The grid edit dialogue gt Set the name of the grid to Part 1 Set the frequency to 50 Hz The PowerFactory tutorial system is designed for 50 Hz gt Left click the OK button The Owner
52. e numerical routines output and documentation functions 2 Integrated interactive single line graphic and data case handling 3 Power system element and base case database Integrated calculation functions e g line and machine parameter calculation based on geometrical or nameplate information 5 Power system network configuration with interactive or on line access to the SCADA system 6 Generic interface for computer based mapping systems By using just a single database containing all the required data for all equipment within a power system e g line data generator data protection data harmonic data controller data PowerFactory can easily execute any or all available functions all within the Same program environment Some of these functions are load flow short circuit calcula tion harmonic analysis protection coordination stability calculation and modal analysis DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Program Overview B 1 Database Management and Backups The PowerFactory database has been proven to be very stable Nevertheless as is true for all electronic databases it can be corrupted by external or internal causes External Causes are such as power failures resulting in a sudden system shutdown hard disk crashes computer viruses or inadvertent deletion of files To prevent any loss of data please follow these instructions e Backup the database directory of all DIGSILENT PowerFactory installations on a regular basis A dail
53. e terminal Left clicking a terminal places the single port symbol with a straight connection Non straight connections may be made by first left clicking the drawing area to place the D 7 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements symbol then to draw a non straight connection and finally left clicking the terminal to make the connection To finish off the tutorial grid we need to place the external grid Ez Left click the upper terminal to connect the external grid Press the icon in the drawing toolbox Again the detailed graphics of the substations pops up Connect the external grid to one breaker panel by clicking on one of the marked breaker terminals If the external grid is connected to the terminal in the overview diagram at the same position as the transformer the external grid symbol is automatically positioned above the terminal Otherwise it is placed in the default position under the terminal If the external grid symbol is drawn in the downwards position it may be flipped upwards If the external grid symbol is already positioned correctly you may want to practice the following on the machine on the middle busbar gt Right click the external grid symbol or the asynchronous machine The context sensitive menu appears see Figure D 6 gt Left click the Flip At Busbar option The symbol is rotated 180 degrees around its busbar connection Flipping is also possibl
54. e this exercise begins with the creation of a totally new project If you select to start exercise 1 from within the Tutorial Manager the Tutorial Manager will open chapter C Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project of this document only without initializing any project in the PowerFactory data base Further hints how to use the Tutorial Manager are given in the beginning of chapter D Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements A 1 2 Troubleshooting As mentioned above the Tutorial Manager installs the data required at the beginning of each exercise This includes a background pattern which shows where to drop the elements in the single line graphic Typical questions during working with the Tutorial are e The background pattern is not visible in the single line graphic How to make it visible again To make the pattern visible again Click on the Show Layer icon 3 The Graphics Layer dialogue appears The Background layer is shown in the right pane Invisible Move the background layer into the left pane left click the Background layer and press the kd button This moves the background to the list of visible layers Close the layer dialogue e I want to continue the tutorial but it is not active How to activate it so I can continue where I left If you interrupted the Tutorial to work on another project or to close the PowerFactory program you may reactivate the Tutorial by selecting it
55. e with non straight connections This concludes the creation of the power system elements and the topology Please check that all symbols are positioned correctly Use Move Resize and or Flip at busbar to correct the single line diagram The elements however have not been edited yet and are all using default parameters Entering the parameters is the next step We don t need the background pattern anymore To hide it we have to disable the graphical layer on which it is drawn For every group of graphic symbols such a layer exists To hide the background gt Click on the Show Layer icon 3 The Graphic Layers dialogue appears The Background layer is shown in the left pane Visible gt Hide the background by moving it to the right pane left click the Background layer and press the gt button This moves the background to the list of invisible layers gt Close the layer dialogue with the OK button The single line graphic will now look more sharp DIgSILENT PowerFactory Fig D 6 Flipping a symbol Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Edit Data Edit and Browse Data Jump to next page Switch OFF Isolate Define j Add to F show b Path Calculate Output Data d Execute DPL Scripts Create Textbox Reconnect graphically Disconnect Element Reconnect Element Cut Copy Delete Element Delete Graphical Object only Shift to Layer j Edi
56. ed and the symbol for e g the ter minal is attached to the mouse arrow you can switch to the edit mode by selecting the in the drawing toolbox by pressing the ESC key or simply by pressing the right mouse button once The terminal busbar of the substation may be moved and resized to fit the background pattern gt Select the terminal by left clicking it This will mark the terminal by a thick grey line with two small squares If something is selected in a frozen diagram then a hatched crossed marking appears without squares If you have double clicked the terminal accidentally its edit dialogue will pop up Close that dialogue with the CANCEL button gt Move the terminal by left clicking on the solid grey line and dragging the terminal Releasing the mouse sets the new location Resizing is done by left clicking one of the small black squares and dragging it to the left or right see Figure D 2 The cursor can also be used to show a balloon help text when held still at the name of the busbar or at any other text in the single line diagram This is much more convenient than having to zoom in and out in order to read something Fig D 2 Resizing a terminal busbar Create two other substations in the same way Select the icon Single Busbar System in the graphic toolbox again Place the second and third substation i e the terminal of the substation gt Move and or resize the second and third ter
57. ee ee Se a DIgSI info Start Newton Raphson Algorithm DIgSI inio load flow iteration 1 Digsil imio Load flow iteration Z DIgSI info Newton Raphson converged with 2 iterations DigSI into Load tlow calculation successful D 16 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements If an error was found an error message like the following could appear Digsiferr Parc IAT 337 1la ElmIr DIgSI err missing type DIgSI err Error in load flow data DIgSi infto Load flow calculation not executed DIgSI err last command leads to error s see output window In this case the transformer has no type set the load flow calculation is not executed To resolve the error one should first find the element for which the error was reported With the interactive PowerFactory output window this is easy just double click the line with the element s name in the output window This will automatically open the element s edit dialogue Correct the error and try the load flow again The message of the successful load flow calculation shows that the load flow solving algorithm has found one area separated area in the whole system and chosen the external grid element as reference element it s the only possible reference element in this example The single line graphic shows the results of the loadflow in the result boxes as is depicted in Figure D 12 Transmission Grid P S 0OMW
58. ents i Earthed Running Arrangement eee Save ag Overwrite Assign by Study Time Fig D 9 Editing the Terminal and Substation DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Substation Part 1481 ElmSubstat Basic Data Feeliability Description Mame Station 51 Set Nominal Voltage Short Name Nominal Voltage 33 ky Running Arrangement Running 4trangement awie Save as Overnarite Assign by Study Time Fig D 10 Digsi InputDialog Setting the nominal voltage of a substation Cancel Contents ag Please enter nominal voltage 33 ki Abbrechen The middle substation with its terminal is edited in the same way gt Double click the middle terminal Name D1_11a Select the type use fad gt Select Project Type gt Bar 11 kV gt Name of the substation Station 2 short name S2 gt Set the nominal voltage of the substation to 11 kV Close all dialogues by pressing OK The lower terminal is at 3 3 kV Name D1_3 3a gt Type Project Type gt Bar 3 3 kV gt Name of the substation Station 3 short name S3 gt Set the nominal voltage of the substation to 3 3 kV Close all dialogues by pressing OK DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 2 2 Jumping to Other Elements All element edit dialogues are equipped
59. er because the first project should be created by yourself C 1 Logon to PowerFactory When starting PowerFactory you have to enter a user name and a password into the Log on dialogue window For executing the tutorial you might logon as Demo user what is a predefined user account without password Alternatively you might logon with a user specific name You are allowed to enter user specific names in a Demo version of PowerFactory as well i e you are not restricted to use the Demo user if you use a Demo version of PowerFactory Owners of a multi user database license are recommended to log on with their own user name which is typically assigned to them by the administrator You can create a new User account easily by typing a new User name in the Log on dialogue window of PowerFactory e g Tutorial User or MyUser This is recommended if you have a Demo version or if you have a single user license While a user name is required the usage of a password is optional once you have set a password you will have to enter it at each logon of course DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project Log on Administrator IntLogon ral Log on Administrator IntLogon Log on License Network Database Advanced Appearance Log on License Network Database Advanced Appearance Please enter user name and password Please enter user name and password Enter new user name to create new acc
60. eral oad gt Synehrona gt Fig F 3 Double busbar system with two new cubicles Now we can connect the lines to the busbars Create the 6 lines according to the background pattern in the graphic Part 2 Select the line from the drawing toolbar Click on one of the double busbar systems in the graphic Part 2 Drag the line to a second double busbar systems in the graphic Part 2 and click on that double busbar systems The detailed graphic of the second substation is opened automatically Connect the line to one bay by clicking on one marked breaker terminal The detailed graphic of the first substation is opened automatically Connect the line to one bay by clicking on one marked breaker terminal Repeat these steps to draw and connect all lines After that the topology is complete and the background pattern is not needed anymore 2 gt Hide the background pattern using the icon Freeze the diagram again F 2 Editing the Elements At first we should name the four stations which contain the double busbar systems gt Double click on one terminal of the upper double busbar system in the graphic Part 2 The dialogue window of the terminal will open gt Press the Edit button the button with the little blue arrow beneath the substation entry The dialogue window of the substation will open Rename the upper substation to Station 1 as shown in Figure F 4 gt Repeat with the othe
61. field is optional and is normally used to enter a project company or any other appropriate name In this tutorial the Owner name is not used although DIgSILENT Tutorial is entered in Figure C 5 In the background the new grid Part 1 is created in the project together with a Study Case folder which is used to activate the grid and to perform calculations for it This study case is given a default name which is surprisingly Study Case The newly created project and the study case are activated automatically an empty single line graphic will be displayed The PowerFactory workspace should now look like shown in Figure C 6 Here the following parts of the workspace are visible 1 The main menu bar as the first row of the window 2 The main icon bar right below It contains a list box showing all study cases available Choosing a different study case in that list switches to that study case If there is not enough space to display all buttons on the pane this toolbar is displayed with small up and down arrow buttons with which the rest of the buttons will become available 3 The local graphics window icon bar right below the main icon bar with its buttons This toolbar is also displayed with small up and down arrow buttons which bring the additional buttons if the window is to small to display all buttons The icons of this icon bar depend on the content of the window shown In this case it is the graphics
62. g the elements with defined variable sets pops up Figure I 3 Double click on the PP1_G2 icon to select it I 10 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis OHL 110k SGEN aai ky GEM 1 Site Bar 23 kV Bar Sak Fig 1 3 Selecting an element to display the calculated results in a plot gt In the subplot dialog double click on the empty Variable field to select the variable to display From the displayed variables list which corresponds the list defined in the variables set see Section 1 3 select s speed Figure 1 4 Lures Result Fie Elemerit Variable Color Linestyle Linewadih Vanable D zz PPI 02 Variable AA e Fig 1 4 Selecting a variable to display in a subplot gt If you want to change the plot colour double click on the Colour field You can also edit the line style and line width Press the Ok button on the edit dialog to visualize the newly defined subplot If required use the J icon to get a better view gt Following the same procedure display the turbine power s pt of PP1_G2 in the remaining empty subplot gt Run a transient simulation with an execution time of 70 s Adjust the view of your plots with 5 and fi Steady state was reached Increase your simulation time I 11 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis 1 4 3 Selecting Variables to Show in a Plot You can change and add new vari
63. ge according to the following information Name Plant PP1_G2 Frame Select gt Database Library Models old version IEEE Frames IEEE frame no droop gt In the Slot Definition table check that PP1_G2 and VCO_PP1_G2 have been added to the sym slot and vco slot respectively gt If the slot of the synchronous machine appears empty after changing the Frame definition please do the following Press OK Double click in the sym empty slot In the browser select from the left part of the window the grid defined as Part 2 On the right side of the window the synchronous machine PP1_G2 should now appear Select the synchronous machine and press OK Right click the generator PP1_G2 again and select Define gt Governor and Turbine gov Select the same governor and turbine model gov pcu_HYGOV and use the same parameters as for generator G1 Name it pcu_PP1_G2 gt Make sure that pcu_PP1_G2 has been added to the pcu slot in the Slot Definition table of Plant_PP1_G2 then press OK This last step has finished the power plant model definition Now we can perform the 1 4 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis transient analysis I 2 Setting Up a Transient Short Circuit Simulation We are now going to test the behaviour of the controlled generators by simulating a single phase short circuit at one of the
64. ge distribution system that uses many terminals or stations busbars resp which are electrically similar for example could be drawn in the single line diagram One of these terminals could then be edited to have the correct type and voltage level By selecting all similar terminals and opening a database browser as described above the terminal data can be copied and pasted to all other terminals in one action Copying and pasting data is possible for all objects including transformers lines loads generators etc Of course the new terminal needs a name of its own gt Open the dialogue of the new terminal double click the terminal in the single line graphics Name D2_Swab Name of the substation Station 4 short name S4 To create the cable between the terminals D1_11a and D2 Swab gt Select a Line 1 from the drawing toolbox E 4 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager gt Draw the line according to the background pattern Left click the terminal D1 ila Left click the drawing area to create the two corners of the line Left click the other terminal D2 Swab Connect the line to the breaker panels of the substations gt Double click and then edit the line Name Li Swab To select the type click on the black down arrow button gt gt Select Project Type gt Line Type TypLne gt Types Cables library subfolder gt Cable 11kV8
65. ger gt Press the Update button in order to select the connections and the limiting component of the Branch automatically Figure E 6 This will update the Resulting Values of the Branch length rated current impedances etc too gt Close the dialogue by clicking the OK button Branch Part 1 Swbh_Reut ElmBranch Basic Data Description Name Ls wh Reut Cancel Circuit hd ie __ Cancel Connection Side Jump to Connection 1 w Part 14L Swb ReuthlL Swb Tub Terminali D2 Swab Contents Connection 2 w Part ML Swh ReuthL Gom Feu Terminal j D2 Swab Flip Connections Continuous rating Resulting values Rating T B21024 Miva Length 5 km Rated Current 0 4 kA ES a Pos Seq Impedance lt 1 0 560357 Ohm Limiting Component Part 15L_5wb_Aeut L_Dus_Gom Fos Seq Impedance Angle 55 17551 deg Pos Seq Resistance Al 0 32 Ohm Pos Seq Reactance 1 0 46 Ohm ero Seg Resistance A0 0 32 Ohra ero Seg Reactance s0 0 46 Ohra E arth Fault Current lce OA Earth Factor Magnitude D Earth Factor Angle 0 deg Thermal A ating Fig E 6 Updated Branch object The copy and paste method is now used to set the types of the four new loads In that way the chance of leaving one load out or making a mistake is reduced gt Multi select the four new loads select the first keep the Ctrl down and select the others gt Right click the selection and choose Edit Data A browser with the four loads p
66. ger for Starting with Exercise 2 The Tutorial Manager has installed some additional features and has reopened the single line graphic A single line diagram in grey is now visible in the background This is just a pattern to show where to place the actual power system components D 1 Creating the Power System Components The PowerFactory program allows the creation of new power system parts of new power systems designs by creating all components in a textual database environment called Data Manager and by manually connecting them to define the topology The more convenient method however is to use the interactive single line graphics The single line graphics are used to create new power system components and to insert them into the topological network In this way the power system database and its single line graphic are built together in one step Editing the created power system components for example to set the voltage level or other electrical parameters may also be done from the single line graphic by double clicking the graphical symbols This will open the corresponding data dialogue of the power system component The following sections shows all this in more detail D 1 1 Creating Substations with Single Busbars There are a lot of predefined busbar system arrangements in PowerFactory for example single busbar sytems single busbar systems with a tie breaker double busbar systems double busbar systems with a tie brea
67. going to use the multi edit capabilities of the database browser Open a Data Manager window gt In the database tree window left click the grid folder Part 1 Figure E 3 EZ Data Manager Network ModeliNetwork Data Part 1 ax a B MA Geah wm MAB GH Diagrams ORS Network Data ms stetont SSCS es ERE Station2 Exe Station 1 EE Station 3 EE Station 2 E Station 3 RE stationg E Station 4 ASM1a ASM T1kKVSMYA Lt Swab _ amp ASMIb ASM 3 3k 2MVA L Dus Gom E Cable 11KVB004 T L _Gom_Aeut bi Dus _ Gorm Cable 17k 4004 L_Swh_Tub w L_Gom_Reut Cable 11k 4004 E L_Tub_Dius m JL Swb Tub Cable 17kveon4 T 7 JL Tub Dus Cable 11k 4004 E T 298 Areas ps7 Reutin GeneralLoad L atb Virtual Power Plants E Z Ze Boundaries Bar Tey 2 Circuits i a Tik Ba 5 k Overs Se atiky Paths NE Ges Routes ME n PET O SA Zones ma TrensmissionGid r of vaian Lni9 fF Boa of z object s selected Drag amp Drop Fig E 3 Data Manager window with the new lines and terminals after editing them The browser shows now amongst other parameters the names and types of the elements as in Figure E 3 The types of the three new terminals Terminal Termi nal 1 and Terminal 2 are not set yet This is what we are going to change now gt Double click one of the terminal icons in the first column of the browser This opens the terminal edit dialogue E 8 DIgSILENT Po
68. graphically is also possible for more than one object at the same time The symbols are pasted in the same configuration as when they where copied Care must be taken to prevent symbols to be drawn outside the drawing plane A change to a larger paper size will bring these objects back into focus e Only one graphical symbol of each object is allowed in each single line diagram It is not possible to graphically copy and paste inside the same diagram To check upon the new busbar symbol gt Open its dialogue Its name should be Station 1 D1_ Swab ElmTerm If the inserted busbar is called other than D1_Swab you created a new busbar in stead of creating a new symbol for the existing D1_Swab busbar In that case Press the Undo button to dispose of the created busbar gt Try again We have now created a second graphical representation of the busbar D1_Swab in the single line diagram Part 2 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems We may now connect the busbars by means of a transformer gt Select the 2 winding transformer from the toolbox and draw a new transformer between double busbar system and the copied busbar Edit the transformer Name T1i_Swab Type Project Type gt TR2 60 110 33 This concludes the topological changes for this exercise of the tutorial gt Hide the background pattern Freeze both diagrams The transformer now connects the two sub
69. hic because the line was split into four lines They have the automatically created names L_Swb_Rt L_Swb_Rt 1 L_Swb_Rt 2 and L_Swb_Rt 3 now The new elements will be edited in the next section of this chapter The grey background pattern is not needed anymore gt Click on the Show Layer icon 2 on the single line graphic icon bar This opens the Graphic Layers edit dialogue gt The Background layer is in the Visible pane Left click it to select it and press the gt button to move it to the Invisible pane Double clicking the Background layer does the same gt Close the dialogue The background is now invisible Freeze the diagram again DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager E 4 Editing the New Elements Because we already set a type and a length for the branched off line we just have to edit the names of the new created lines gt Double click the upper line Name L_Swb_Tub gt Double click the second line route from above Name L_Tub_Dus gt Name the third route Name L_Dus_Gom Name the bottom route Name L_Gom_Reut The insertion of loads into the line has created new line elements and it also inserted terminals between the lines The loads were connected through those terminals We have to edit these terminals too It would be a nuisance to edit them one by one as they all are the same We therefore are
70. ipment type library for busbars lines transformers and other objects e It prepares the graphic window and sets a background pattern which makes it easier to position the elements of the tutorial Power System grids To be able to perform all the tasks proposed for this tutorial the Tutorial Manager must be activated by the user at the start of each tutorial exercise It will install the predefined project Therefore your first step in creating the tutorial Power System will consist in acti vating the Tutorial Manager Note The Tutorial Manager will not destroy all user defined experiments or alterations made in the tutorial project Instead of replacing the user defined tutorial project it installs the corresponding pre defined tutorial project in parallel If the tutorial project for the ex ercise Is already existing the Tutorial Manager adds a number in parentheses to the name of the newly installed project Activate the Tutorial Manager gt Open the FA e menu on the main menu list gt Select the option Setup Tutorial The Tutorial Manager dialogue appears now For this Tutorial exercise Select the option Start gt Exercise 2 gt Press EXECUTE DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Tutorial Manager 14 7 utoral Manager ComT ut Action Bees CO Show Introduction Exerciiez l Cancel C Show Sample Solution includes all exercises Fig D 1 The Tutorial Mana
71. ired thereby reducing the complexity of the outset As requirements dictate further functionality can be added to the license The user thus does not have to learn a whole new interface for new functions but merely uses new commands within the same environment In addition the original network data is used and only extra data as may be required by the new calculation function needs to be added DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Program Overview DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project Chapter C Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project The first step in designing a new power system including that of the Tutorial is to create a project A project offers the basic structure in which to define and store power system definitions together with their design stages and single line diagrams type libraries cal culation stages calculation commands etc This chapter describes how to create a new project and explains most of its features For new users it is recommended to read the PowerFactory introduction chapter B Program Overview before starting with the tutorial It will provide the user with the PowerFactory terminology and concepts required to easily understand the rest of this document The Tutorial Manager is a special Power Factory feature designed to guide the user through this tutorial It will install a required project for each exercise For the first exercise you cannot use the Tutorial Manag
72. irtual Power Plants SS Boundaries Sa Circuits Feeders e Operators ERE Owners Paths Ss Routes ome Zones d Variations ah Operation Scenarios col Study Cases Sie eLase Bel Settings Fig G 1 Database tree The following describes how grids can be added to a study case from a data manager window button Expand the Tutorial project in the tree The Tutorial project should now look like depicted in Figure G 1 Both the Tutorial project and the study case should be active red coloured icons gt Open a data manager window by pressing the Add the two grids to the study case by right clicking them and selecting Add to Study Case Their icons will also become red to signal their active status gt Close the data manager window The graphics board that will appear shows both single line diagrams You can switch between them by pressing the tabs on the bottom of the graphics board When a study case is deactivated it will automatically close its graphics board When it is activated again the graphics board will be shown again too We thus have two active grids and two single line graphics The background pattern of the transmission system shows some alterations that are to be made First check to see that both grids have been activated TA gt Perform a load flow calculation p with the following settings in the basic option tab AC Load Flow balanced positive sequence Calculation Method
73. is Modify the existing plots to show the following variables which are important for analyzing the behaviour of a power plant during a short circuit Speed speed of generator G1 and G2 Active and reactive power P1 and Q1 of generator G1 and G2 gt Rotor angle phi of generator G1 and G2 gt Turbine power pt of generator G1 and G2 Excitation voltage ve of generator G1 and G2 Phase currents of generators and on lines The steps to create plots are described in the next chapters 1 4 4 Creating a New Empty VI Page In this section you are going to create a new virtual instrument panel to display the short circuit currents and voltages at the generators terminals and at the line L_ppla The Tutorial Manager already defined variable sets for these elements To create a new virtual instruments page panel on the Graphics Board toolbar and select Press the Insert New Graphic button 2 Virtual Instrument Panel gt In the new empty page create 4 subplots following the procedure indicated in 1 4 2 lt gt In the first subplot display the phase currents of generator PP1_G1 m I bus1 A m I busi B m I bus1 C In the second subplot display the voltages in kV at the terminal Trm_G1 m U A m U B m U C gt In the third subplot display the per unit phase voltages at Trm_G1 m u A m u B m u C gt In the last sub
74. ise with the Tutorial Manager The Tutorial Manager is used to install the Tutorial System the projects used for the exer cises at any of its stages Although less educational the Tutorial Manager may be used to skip certain parts of the Tutorial without having to enter any data of the preceding exer cises Note The PowerFactory Tutorial philosophy is to guide the user through the features of the software The data for a small but com plete power system design will be entered Before starting new users are recommended to read an introduction to PowerFactory in order to get an idea of how the program is structured For convenience the Power Factory introduction presented in the first chapter of this Getting Started Manual is a partial reproduction of that given in the User s Manual The instructions to perform each of the tutorial tasks are provided step by step through this document To start with the tutorial itself go to Chapter C Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project DIgSILENT PowerFactory Introduction to the Tutorial A 1 1 Initialization of the Tutorial Exercises We use the Tutorial Manager to let it initialize each exercise Open the Tutorial Manager by selecting the File gt Setup Tutorial option on the main menu Select the option Start gt Exercise X Press the EXECUTE button This brings you to the beginning of the each exercise of the Tutorial For exercise 1 there is no initialization becaus
75. ist this series of actions is all simply described by Options gt Graphic gt Drawing Format and These quotes are used to indicate that the description is one that can be found within the program one that is not user definable for example the balloon help description Calculate Load Flow that you see when you hover your cursor over the Load Flow icon A 3 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Introduction to the Tutorial These are used to indicate data that a user has entered or should enter These quotes are also used to indicate a process or series of objects that have no discernible name but which need to be described For example the drawing tools panel which is found on the right hand side of the drawing canvas and 1 2 3 etc These show a sequence of events that should be performed Where they are numbered they will be associated with a graphic in which the numbers appear left clicking right clicking clicking double clicking etc Wherever the instruction clicking or double clicking appears it should be taken to mean clicking and double clicking using the left mouse button When the right mouse button is to be used it will be explicitly stated DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Program Overview Chapter B Program Overview The calculation program PowerFactory as written by DIgSILENT is a computer aided engineering tool for the analysis of transmission distribution and industrial electrical
76. it E S P Ee 5 Show Graphic Find Copy PEERAA AE HHA Rename E SMO Areas aia Virtua oe Bourn Circui Feede ad Nnerar Lr 1 22 objectisi of 22 Import Fig E 4 E Data Manager Part 1L_Swb_Reut 5 xib B ss E O Se Network Model SA Diagrams H Hetwork Data E 8 Part 1 E Station 1 FEE Station 2 E Station 3 E Station 4 w L1_Siwab D _Reut SMO Areas ea Virtual Power Plants merh m Lr 1 6 objectisi of 6 D A Remove From Study Case Copy System Stage in a new Grid Select as Base to Compare 1 objectis selected E 1 objectis selected Station 1 ae Shatin 2 PASM TRV SMA C ASM SSR OMA O Pe Rable TTRVBO08 C Cable 11kV4004 C eut Cable 11kV4004 C e Cable 11kY8004 C Cable 17k 4004 E eral Load E m Substation T Ste rallo Tik T Folder TIEN F Graphic Drag amp Drop Creating a new Branch in the Data Manager if amp A a Hame PIF IL Swb Reut Cable 17k 4004 Cable 11kV4004 Cable 11kVB006 Cable 11kV4000 Bar TKV Bar TKV Bar TKV 30 04 200 30 04 200 30 04 200 30 04 200 Drag amp Drop Fig E 5 The filled Branch object in the Data Manager Finally we have to edit the Branch object itself gt Right click the Branch object in the Data Manager gt Select Edit from the context sensitive menu The dialogue window of the Branch ElmBranch appears DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Mana
77. ker and bypass busbar and so on All these systems consist of terminals breakers and disconnectors DIgSILENT PowerFactory Note Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements In PowerFactory Version 14 nodes are always represented by terminals what Is a difference to previous versions A terminal may be part of a substation e g in a single or double busbar sys tem A new substation is created for each new busbar systemi by default If you use just simple terminals instead of busbar systems to represent nodes no substation element will be created By clicking with the right mouse button on a terminal and selecting Show detailed Graphic of Substation a new single line diagram with the detailed topology of the substation will be opened YOu can edit this graphic if you want to change the topolgy of the sub station You even can add new terminals to a substation When other power system elements such as lines transformers or loads known generically as edge and branch elements are con nected to a node PowerFactory inserts breaker models in order to being able to open close this connection Cubicles with these breakers may be visualized as the panels in a switchgear board or bays in a high voltage yard Using simple terminals all necessary breakers will be created automatically when an element is connect ed to the terminal If you use predefined busbar systems from templates you have to select the node of one exi
78. m some action when clicked using the mouse In other words a virtual button Icons Icons are usually described by the popup name that you read when you hover the cursor over it For example press to open the user settings dialogue Icons are also shown as seen on screen as in the press to open the user settings dialogue Right Left clicking As in Right click the browser Means pointing the cursor at the object described the browser and pressing the right left mouse key Double Clicking As in Double click the button Means pointing the cursor at the object described and pressing the left mouse key twice within about half a second the time interval is as set in the Windows operating system Ctri B key combination example means that the user should press the combination of keys described For example Press Ctrl B to toggle between balanced unbalanced case means that the user should press and hold down the first keyboard key the Control key on the keyboard in this example and then press the second key B as well Menu sequences When a user needs to select a command through cascaded menu options the sequence is shown by arrows that indicate what option to choose next starting from the original menu button For example setting the drawing format can be done by pressing the Options button to access the options menu then by choosing Graphic from the list offered and finally Drawing Format from the last l
79. mand At the Active Power Control page enable According to secondary control F 10 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem gt Perform a load flow Observe the changes all generators are now producing equal real power The power contribution is not fixed but can be changed in the frequency controller by setting it to Jndividual active power and editing the percentages in the list The frequency controller can be reached by opening the dialogue of a participating gen erator The controller object is mentioned on the Load Flow page as External Secondary Controller The button beside it can be clicked to jump to the controller This concludes the fourth exercise of the tutorial DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems Chapter G Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems In the previous exercises of the tutorial a small distribution system Part 1 and a small transmission system Part 2 have been entered and tested in addition load flow and short circuit calculations were performed for both systems In this exercise of the tutorial these two networks are going to be connected to each other and calculations for the resulting network will be performed Start the Tutorial Manager by doing the following gt Open the Tutorial Manager by selecting the File gt Setup Tutorial
80. minal to fit the background pattern The drawing may be too small to accurately position the terminals To zoom in on the three terminals gt Left click the Zoom In icon j gt Draw a square around the three terminals by left clicking the first corner holding the mouse key down and dragging the mouse to the other corner The selection square will be zoomed when the mouse key is released The zoomed in area of the graphic can be moved by using the Hand Tool gt Press the Hand Tool icon an The mouse cursor becomes a hand symbol gt Click inside the drawing plane and keep the mouse button pressed gt Move the mouse to move the zoomed in area Release the mouse button DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements gt Press the Hand Tool icon a again to exit the Hand Tool mode The Hand Tool mode is available only if you have zoomed into the graphic The previous zoomed area can be restored by pressing the O icon Zoom Back The whole area is shown when the Zoom All button E is pressed D 1 2 Creating Branch Elements The terminals busbars of the substations are to be connected with transformers gt Left click the G two winding transformer icon in the drawing toolbox gt To draw the first transformer left click the upper terminal at the position suggested by the background pattern The transformer is now con
81. n the Basic Data tab set the type for the first load which belongs to Part 2 Type Project Type gt Equipment Type Library gt Types Loads gt General Load Paste the Type to the other five loads which belong to Part 2 gt In the Load Flow tab set the input mode and the power demand parameters for the first load Input Mode PC this means P cos phi Active Power 100 MW Power Factor 0 95 Paste the Input Mode the Active Power and Power Factor to the other five loads gt Close the browser Note When editing with the data browser the Detailed Mode 8 icon in the browser toolbar is activated It allows the editing of the ob Ject s calculation data sets by clicking in the corresponding page tabs as in the object dialogs If the Detailed Mode Is deactivated by pressing the button the Object Mode Is enabled and only a lim ited set of data is accessible for editing Further information Is giv en in the Users Manual Name the loads at the top left and right busbar systems Double click to edit each of them Top load Name Ld_1 gt Left load Name Ld 2 gt Right load Name Ld_4 The loads at the middle busbar system have a different power demand Double click to edit each of them Edit the left load Name Ld_3a Active Power 40 MW Power Factor 0 95 Edit the right load Name Ld_3b Active Power 40 MW Power Factor 0 95
82. nd an entry for the tutorial refer to the Trouble Shooting list given in chapter A 1 2 gt Make sure that the study case Case 1 is activated It should be visible in the study case list from the main menu If no study case is shown select Case 1 gt Select the Edit gt Project option on the main menu This opens the project edit dialogue gt Press the New Grid button This opens the ElmNet dialogue Enter the name of the new grid as Part 2 and press OK An Open Grid query will ask what to do with the new grid gt Select the option add this Grid Systerm Stage to active Study Case Press OK An empty single line graphic with the name Part 2 will open As was done in the previous exercises we have to execute the Tutorial Manager to do some preparations for the fourth exercise Set up the Tutorial Manager by selecting the File gt Setup Tutorial option on the main menu gt Select the Start gt Exercise 4 gt Press Execute Again a new empty single line graphic will pop up This graphic shows the background pattern of the small transmission system from Part 2 You are now ready to enter that transmission system DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem F 1 Creating the Topology The single line diagram shows a pattern with four double busbars and some loads and generators attached to them You are going to create these elements Zoom in on
83. nd edit a new part of a power system e Calculate loads flows and short circuits e Look at results The Tutorial Manager is used again to install some additional settings for this third exercise of the tutorial now gt Select the File gt Setup Tutorial option on the main menu Select the Start gt Exercise 3 option in the Tutorial Manager gt Press Execute The single line diagram should disappear and reappear again with a different background pattern The database in which all changes were stored has not been used directly in the previous exercises To view and use the database we need to open the so called Data Manager Press the button New Data Manager on the main icon bar A Data Manager window as depicted in Figure E 1 will be opened The Data Manager has two windows e The database tree window left pane which shows a tree representation of the whole database e The database browser window right pane which shows the contents of the selected folder in the database DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager IE Data Manager Network ModeliNetwork DataWart 1 Be Aeros Oo MAE Ge J Configuration i OOH Library P E Station 1 30 04 2008 19 08 46 Tutorial User E System BH stona 04 2008 19088 aE Demo Te stains SSS S E 2008 180857 Tutor User sc clan ASMA ASM 11kV 5MVA 29 04 2008 20 01 10 en tay ASM1b ASM 3 3k 2MVA 29 04 2008 20 01 10 TEED
84. nected graphically to the terminal at that position gt Left click the middle terminal to make the second connection The detailed graphic of the second substation is opened automatically Connect the transformer to one bay by clicking on one of the marked breaker terminals as illustrated in Figure D 3 The result should look like Figure D 4 Note There Is a difference between simple terminals without substa tions and the predefined more complex busbar systems with sub stations which are representing substations in detail If you place an element to a busbar system the detailed graphic of the substa tion busbar system is opened You have to connect the element here the transformer to one of the marked terminals the big squares Which are at the end of the predefined breaker panels Fig D 3 Connecting the transformer to the single busbar system in detailed substation graphic DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements BOLO 0142 S022 S032 S002 50 0 1 50 1 1 S021 50 3 1 0 0 0 50 1 0 S020 50 3 0 2 Whireding lt D Fig D 4 Transformer connected to the single busbar system gt The detailed graphic of the first substation is then opened automatically Connect the transformer to one bay again by clicking on one of the marked breaker terminals Use the same method to connect a second transformer between the middle and lower terminal The single
85. nt projects for a single edge element or for all edge elements at once for a single particular element or for element classes lines vs transformers for instance etc etc This flexibility leads to a high amount of result box formats The following features resp functions provide clear arrangements of results and help you to manage all the formats e The PowerFactory program is shipped with a complete range of default result box formats which are stored in a read only folder e New user defined formats are stored in an user defined folder and will be based on the default formats D 18 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements e Avery flexible Form Manager is used to assign result formats to all elements or to all edge and node elements as long as they have not been assigned their own format before It is therefore possible to use special dedicated formats in some cases without losing the ability to change the overall format without much effort e The result box format of all edge or node elements may be chosen in the main menu from a small possibly user defined selection In the following section the result box format of the external network element will be changed Note By default in result boxes the power flowing into branch elements has positive sign while that flowing out of them has negative sign For consuming edge elements loads the same convention is fol lowed In the case of p
86. o backup files please contact us for assistance all may not be lost B 2 Designed for Beginners and Experts DIgSILENT PowerFactory has originally been designed as a complete package for the high end user Consequently there are no special lightweight versions no cut outs of a heavy version This does not however mean that non high end users will find them selves at sea when using PowerFactory The program is also friendly to the basic user Users who are learning about power systems are able to easily and quickly perform load flows and short circuit calculations without needing to immediately master the mathe matical intricacies of the calculations The PowerFactory Tutorial allows the user to learn primarily about modelling and analyzing electrical power systems Basic knowledge in working with a PC is presumed The program is shipped with all of the engines and algorithms that are required for high end use The functionality that has been bought by a user is configured in a matrix where the licensed calculation functions together with the maximum number of busses are listed as coordinates In addition there are options available which will allow the config uration and fine tuning of the software according to the user s needs for some of the functions DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Program Overview In this manner not every PowerFactory license contains all functionality described in this manual but only those actually requ
87. om the other grid Select and un freeze the Part 1 diagram gt Left click the external net symbol and press the delete button Answer Yes to delete the object Select and un freeze the Part 2 diagram gt Delete the load Ld_Swab on the middle busbar system in the same way The creation of the new transformer however is not possible We cannot create it because we need two busbars in a single line graphic in order to connect a new trans former between them The Part 1 single line diagram doesn t have the 110 kV busbar system and the Part 2 doesn t have the 33 kV busbar At least one of these busbars must be made visible in the other diagram We therefore have to create a second graphical representation of one of these busbars gt Open the single line diagram Part 1 select the busbar D1_Swab and copy it either press the button right click the selection and choose copy or press Ctrl C Change to the single line diagram Part 2 gt Right click at the indicated position below the mid DBS in the diagram and select Paste Graphic Only A new graphical symbol of the D1_Swab busbar is now created in the other single line diagram However no new busbar is created in the database Electrically there is still only one D1_Swab busbar Some additional aspects of the graphical copy and paste e The same method for graphical copy and paste is available for all objects e Copy and Paste
88. ops up None of them should have its type field set yet gt Open the dialogue of the first load double click the icon set its type to Project Type Select Project Type gt General Load Type TypLod gt Types Loads library subfolder gt General Load and close the selection dialogue with OK Close the dialogue of the load with OK as well Copy and paste the type to the other loads gt Close the browser Copying and pasting data from one element to another is just one of the many data editing features of the database browser Every parameter may be copied and pasted and most of them may be edited directly without having to open the edit dialogue as if we were using a spreadsheet However we will now continue to use the single line graphics DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager The new loads are now separately edited to set their power demand Edit the top load Basic Data tab Name Tubin Load Flow tab Note Balanced Unbalanced Balanced Active Power 4 0 MW Power Factor 0 9 Voltage 1 0 p u When the Active Power and or the Power Factor are not visible you can select P cos phi as Input Mode for the current load It is also possible to edit the default input mode for all loads by pressing the button and then selecting Active Power and cos phi All loads are assumed to be inductive standard gt Edit the middle load Ba
89. option on the main menu gt Select the option Start gt Exercise 5 gt Press Execute If there was a project active before the graphics board disappears nothing else happens visibly The grids are not shown automatically this time G 1 Activation of the Two Subsystems For the connection and analysis of the two subsystems it should be possible to switch from one single line graphic to the other quickly and to perform calculations for the com bination of the two grids Until now only one subsystem Part 1 or Part 2 was active at the same time However you may activate as many grids and add as many single line diagrams to the graphics board as needed For now you need to activate the created grids Part 1 and Part 2 and to show their single line diagrams A grid folder is activated by adding it to an active study case The study case keeps a reference to all active grids therefore the combination of the active grids will be the basis for all performed calculations The study case will automatically deactivate all its grids when it is deactivated itself and will reactivate them again when it is activated using the grid references You thus first have to activate the study case by selecting it in the study case list in the main menu DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 5 Connecting the Subsystems E Gel Tutorial alu Library E Network Model Diagrams E Network Data mee Part mee Part 2 86 Areas So V
90. ount Cancel Enter new user name to create new account Cancel Name Demo Name Tutorial User Password Password Fig C 1 Logon to PowerFactory as Demo user left figure or with a user specific name here Tutorial User and password right figure The location where the Tutorial Manager stores the tutorial projects is called the User folder the User folder has the user name entered into the Logon dialogue window The User folder will be the folder created for you by the administrator or by yourself as written above The active User folder is marked by a small blue screen icon inside the Data Manager the Data Manager will be explained in Exercise 3 The Data Manager See Figure C 2 for an example with the user named Tutorial User i Data Manager Configuration OOG Library System Demo E EA Tutorial User Recycle Bin Sethings Fig C 2 Example of an active user folder C 2 Creating the Tutorial Project Create a new project in your User folder by Open the F e menu on the main menu bar gt Select the Mew option gt Choose Project as shown in Figure C 3 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project DigSILEMT PowerFactory 14 0 wie Edit Calculation Data Output Tools Window Help Project Derived Project Open Project Close Projec Fig C 3 Creating a new Project from the file menu gt Th
91. ow command dialogue to the front as depicted in Figure D 11 This command dialogue offers several options for the load flow calculations gt For this first tutorial load flow check that the following options are set Calculation Method AC Load Flow balanced positive sequence Disable all other options on the basic options page The red command line should now read 1ld secc plim gt Press the EXECUTE button Load Flow Calculation Study Cases Casel Load Flow Calculation ComLdt p m Iteration Control Outputs Low Voltage Analysis Advanced Simulation Options Execute Basic Options Active Power Control Advanced Options ldf secc plim Close Calculation Method Cancel 0 AC Load How unbalanced 3 phase ABC C DC Load Aow finear Reactive Power Control Automatic Tap Adjust of Transformers Automatic Shunt Adjustment Consider Reactive Power Limits Load Options Consider Voltage Dependency of Loads Feeder Load Scaling Consider Coincidence of Low Voltage Loads Scaling Factor for Night Storage Heaters 100 x Fig D 11 The load flow command dialogue A load flow calculation is now started If the tutorial power system was entered correctly the following message should appear in the output window DIgSI info Element Part 1 Transmission Grid ElmXnet is local reference in separated area Part 1 D1 Swab ElmTerm Digsl inio Calculating toad tlows Do IAO a ee
92. pa tod he aed Peek Se eE ba a ENEE A a I 6 Defining Results Objects and Variables SetS 0 0000 cee ees 7 Running Transient Simulations and Creating Plots 00 eee eee eee l 9 Running a Transient Simulation asasan eaa aaae I 10 Defining New Virtual Instruments 0 00 eee eee I 10 Selecting Variables to Show ina Plot 0 ee es I 12 Creating a New Empty VI Page 1 ee es I 13 Closing Up the Tutorial aaan a ead aewacion Ga waa a Awad wea a eS I 13 Index Tutorial J 1 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Introduction to the Tutorial Chapter A Introduction to the Tutorial This tutorial is intended to introduce the user to the PowerFactory environment By creating and developing his own project the user goes trough the basic features of the software The project is developed in a step by step manner where each exercise follows on from what has been done in the previous exercise Users can start each exercise of the tutorial by a special PowerFactory command dialog called Tutorial Manager Note In order to execute the Tutorial you need to have a demo version or a licensed version of PowerFactory with a license capability of at least 30 nodes A 1 How to use the Tutorial Manager By default at the beginning of each exercise the Tutorial Manager provides guides to the single line graphics that the user has to implement At the end of each exercise you can get a sample solution by initializing the next exerc
93. plot display the per unit short circuit currents at line L_ppla C m i bussch A m i bussch B m i bussch C Use the scale and zoom functions to adjust the view of the defined plots I 5 Closing Up the Tutorial In this exercise of the tutorial the following was explained gt How to define Composite Models for elements gt How to perform a transient analysis gt How to define new result variables How to change create and modify Subplots As with the other tutorial exercises now it is possible to add a prepared project to the user defined finished seventh Tutorial Exercise project As this concludes the tutorial there is no need for correction of the project as preparation of further tutorial exercises I 13 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis Nevertheless one can use the Tutorial Manager to create a sample solution of the complete Tutorial project in its final state This may be helpful if any difficulties have occured during the execution of the exercises To install the prepared seventh tutorial exercise in its final state please do the following gt Select the option Fi e gt Setup Tutoria on the main menu to open the Tutorial Manager Select the option Show Sample Solution includes all exercises Press the OK button The topics covered through this Tutorial are sufficient to give a brief introduction to the basic features and terminology of the Power Factory en
94. power systems It has been designed as an advanced integrated and interactive software package dedicated to electrical power system and control analysis in order to achieve the main objectives of planning and operation optimization The name DIgSILENT stands for DIgital SImuLation and Electrical NeTwork calcula tion program DIgSILENT Version 7 was the world s first power system analysis software with an integrated graphical single line diagram interface That interactive single line diagram included drawing functions editing capabilities and all relevant static and dynamic calculation features The PowerFactory package was designed and developed by qualified engineers and programmers with many years of experience in both electrical power system analysis and programming fields The accuracy and validity of the results obtained with this package has been confirmed in a large number of implementations by organizations involved in planning and operation of power systems please see the reference list In order to meet today s power system analysis requirements the DIGSILENT Power Factory power system calculation package was designed as an integrated engineering tool which provides a complete walk around technique through all available functions rather than a collection of different software modules The following key features are provided by the program 1 PowerFactory core functions definition modification and organization of cases cor
95. r double busbar systems DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem gt Rename the lower left substation to Station 2 Rename the lower middle substation to Station 3 Rename the lower right substation to Station 4 Terminal Part 2 DoubleBusbar B0 1 ElmTerm Full Short Circuit ANSI Short Circuit RMS Simulation EMT Simulation Harmonics Optimization State Estimator Reliability Description Basic Data Load Flow YDEAIEC Short Circuit Name BO 1 ee Type v Library T ypes Busbars Bar 110k Area y gt ae aani Pala aia aati cas Substation gt Patt 2 DoubleBusbar B0 0 a O a M Dut of Service Substation Part 2 WoubleBusbar ElmSubstat LJ System Type Basic Data Reliability Description a OK Phase Technology Name Station 1 P Nominal Voltage Short Name _ Cancel Line Line Contents acer aaa Nominal Voltage 110 k Set Nominal Voltage Running Arrangement Running Arrangement w CIC Eathed haka a sa m E W w Save as O Vy Overwrite Whom Cema L Assign by Study Time q gt PIS Patt Part 2 DoubleBushar DoubleBusbart Fig F 4 Renaming substations Give each terminal its name Double click each terminal busbar to edit Top Busbars Name B110_1a and B110_1b Left Busbars Name B110_ 2a and B110_ 2b Middle Busbars Name B110_ 3a and B110_ 3b
96. ransient analysis capabilities of the Power Factory software The analysis however was more or less performed by the software itself In this seventh exercise of the tutorial the more direct use of the transient analysis features is shown Let the Tutorial Manager prepare the Tutorial exercise for you again gt Activate the Tutorial Manager Select the option Start gt Exercise 7 gt Press Execute I 1 Composite Models Revisited The activated Grid contains four generators which are still lacking some additional models such as prime mover turbine models governors primary controllers and voltage controllers A realistic transient analysis is of course not possible with such uncon trolled generators In this exercise you will add controllers to the two generators in the power plant and analyze the behavior of the system when a short circuit appears and the faulted transmission line is seperated subsequently In order to model the controlled generators composite models for the synchronous machines and their controllers must be defined The project composite frame for a syn chronous machine is depicted in Figure 1 1 Although this Frame has several slots we will only use the slot for the synchronous machine sym slot the slot for the voltage con troller vco slot and the slot for governor and turbine gov The model of governor and turbine gov contains the primary controller pco and the prime mo
97. roducing elements external networks and generators power flowing out of the element nodes is positive While that flowing in is negative D 4 2 Editing the Result Box Format The result boxes of the top transformer shows P Q and loading For example we want to change this to P Q and current To change the result box definition gt Freeze the single line diagram gt Right click a result box of the transformer This pops up a small menu Holding the mouse still at one of the Format for options Format for Edge Elements or Format for 2 Winding Transformers will show a second menu You can select another result box format from this list The menu shows with a small checkmark M which format is being used Currently the Format for Edge Elements gt Power Loading is used Selecting the option Fa t format for will open the currently used form definition dialogue gt Select the option Edit Format for Edge Elements The format dialogue window appears see Figure D 13 Press the INPUT MODE button and select Predefined Variables if this is not selected yet Press OK The Line frame shows three drop down boxes which show the currently selected vari ables gt Press the select button E of the third line drop down list which shows c loading and select the variable m I _LOCALBUS kA Current Magnitude Press the OK button DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements
98. s Further information on this powerful tool can be found in the User s Manual Before performing a transient simulation and generating graphics of the calculated results it is important to distinguish the concepts of virtual instruments virtual instrument panel and plots e The Virtual Instrument Panel is a page in the active graphics board where different plots or graphs virtual instruments are stored and displayed Also the basic information about the included virtual instruments is stored here e The Virtual Instruments display the results of one or more variables or parameters in various ways Plots Bar Diagrams Vector Diagrams etc Every VI can be set up individually to the need of the variable s which is to be displayed The virtual instruments are shown on the VI panel DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis e Plots are one of the many different ways in which a VI displays the information about the variables it has Plots show all sorts of time domain variables depending on other variables Plots can be used in different ways subplots subplots with two y axis X Y plots and FFT plots In this part of the Tutorial plots are used as subplots 1 4 1 Running a Transient Simulation The main toolbar shows two icons for starting and stopping ES the transient sim ulation gt Click on the start icon Enter an execution time of 10s gt Press Execute The simulation is now star
99. sic Data gt Bottom load Name Duslin Load Flow Balanced Unbalanced Balanced Active Power 1 0 MW Power Factor 0 9 Voltage 1 0 p u Basic Data Name Goma Load Flow Balanced Unbalanced Balanced Active Power 1 MW Power Factor 0 9 Voltage 1 0 p u gt Load at the end terminal Basic Data Name Reutlin Load Flow Balanced Unbalanced Balanced Active Power 3 MW Power Factor 0 9 Voltage 1 0 p u This concludes the design of the power system so far DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager E 5 Performing Calculations gt Perform a load flow calculation Balanced positive sequence All other options disabled We want to know from the results if any of the elements is overloaded To get visible information about the loading of the elements we will colour the graphic Colour Representation of Graphic art 1 Colour Representation of Graphic setColer les Show Colour Legend Colouring W Always display Out of Service elements gray i Cancel i Always show station connectivity colour for beach balls Colouring Low and High Voltage Loading Apply to all graphics Lower Limit of Allowed Voltage Higher Limit of Allowed Voltage Lower Yolkage Colour Higher Voltage Colour p u p u m P Te R hax aun of Edge Element eS E gt Fig E 7 Colour Representation of Gr
100. sing the deleted generator SM_1 which is shown in red Right click the row with this generator right click the number H 1 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 6 Motor Start Simulation in the first column and select De ete Rows This clears the generator from the power frequency control element gt Press the Ok button and close the browser window To enter the model of the power plant Use the background pattern to draw a new single busbar above the double busbar system by selecting the single busbar system icon _ from the graphical toolbox gt Connect the busbar to the double busbar system by two lines by selecting the line icon E from the graphical toolbox Draw three short terminals above this busbar Enlarge the right one gt Connect the three short terminals to the single busbar with three two winding transformers G gt Connect a synchronous generator to each of the left two terminals Use the Fiip at Busbar utility in the right mouse menu if they are drawn downwards gt Connect an asynchronous motor and a load to the right terminal plant supply Hold down the Ctrl key while connecting the elements in order to place them upwards These defined elements form our new power plant model This concludes the topological changes Now please do the following gt Hide the background by clicking on the Show Layer icon 2 Freeze the diagram by clicking on the Freeze Mode
101. sting breaker to connect the element This is explained in detail later in this Tutori al To create a substation with a single busbar a Single Busbar System is used If the drawing toolbox is not visible on the right side click on the un freeze the graphic The 1 icon in order to 5 icon Freeze Mode changes between graphical editing and parameter editing When pressed the drawing toolbox will disappear and the single line diagram will be frozen and can not be changed anymore You can enter data of the drawn elements in both modes but in the frozen mode parameter editing unintentional changings of the graphic are not possible Pressing the Freeze Mode button again will return the drawing toolbox Un freeze Use the balloon help to find the Single Busbar System icon The cursor will show the single busbar icon after the icon has been pressed Use the background pattern to position the first busbar by left clicking on the drawing surface A busbar will be drawn in black and is given a default name like SingleBusbar BB Hereby SingleBusbar is the name of the substation while BB is the name of the terminal busbar gt If something else than a single busbar appears press the Undo button to undo your last action s and try again DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements Note When the insert mode Is activat
102. system is opened Connect the load to one of the marked terminals the big squares which are at the end of the breaker configurations gt The load at the upper DBS has to be placed above the DBS press the Ctrl key when placing it or use the Fiip at Busbar option gt Create three synchronous machines at the upper left and right DBS The machine at the upper DBS has to be placed upside down again Before we connect the lines with the busbars we should think for a moment about the number of existing breaker bays of the double busbar systems The predefined busbar systems which are taken from templates have a specific number of breaker bays New F 2 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem breakers are created automatically if you connect elements with the busbars Advanced users can create their own templates which might have more breakers than the pre defined ones if you want to do this refer to the User s Manual please To add breakers manually to the existing double bus bar systems gt Go to on of the detailed graphics of the substations as shown in Figure F 2 If the graphic pages are not available click on the double busbar system in the graphic Part 2 with the right mouse button and select Show Detailed Graphic of Substation from the context sensitive menu gt Select the two terminals busbars and enlarge them gt Mark one of the empty breaker bays cubicles g
103. t Click with the right mouse button on the breaker selection and select Copy from the context sensitive menu alternatively press Ctrl C gt Click with the right mouse button into the empty drawing area and select Paste from the context sensitive menu alternatively press Ctrl V gt Connect the newly created breakers with the busbar system Repeat the last two steps to create and connect another breaker system with the busbar system The detailed graphic should look similar to Figure F 3 now gt Repeat all with the other double busbar substations in the grid DIgSILENT PowerFactory 14 0 Graphic Diagrams WbBdetailed File Edit Calculation Data Qutpukt Tools Window Help Si amp oPeht KE By ki O p Ufo A 5 eE mwas 2 ey B J i BE BB a Ba L Boo r se se S018 0 22 50 3 2 0 42 fo ee Sp 50 1 0 0 1 1 S020 S021 03 0 S031 50 4 0 S041 i Cc HE ANvVORe4O IIe H gt oo gD a lt lt 4 l 4 gt pI Part 1 4 Part 2 DoubleBusbar Foe py ac gt E Qh gr DoubleBusbar Freeze Ortho Snap s ceri 0 626 DE 1955 29 04 2008 14 13 14 Tutorial Fig F 2 Detailed Graphic of a substation with double busbar system DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem BOT B00 Te l _ oo my m4 z Eaz ao or a a _ a Ca rI a a we a nae 8 g 7 eS z z T 7 z li E a i on on on on 7 7 st a z z oe lt Gen
104. t Line Points Rotate a Hide Result Boxes Flip At Busbar Define template Change Symbol Push to Back Edit Graphic Object DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 2 Editing the Power System Components The PowerFactory program offers several methods for editing the electrical parameters of power system elements from simple edit dialogues to flexible spreadsheet like envi ronments where more than one element is visible at the same time The most simple and direct method however is to double click the elements in the single line graphic which opens their edit dialogue To avoid unintended changes of the single line diagram press the Freeze Mode button to freeze the diagram Almost all of the power system elements are using Type objects A large group of trans formers for instance may all be of the same type Most of the electrical parameters are thus defined in a transformer Type object and each transformer will reference that type Normally this would mean that a library of user defined types has to be created prior to defining power system elements However for this tutorial all needed types have been predefined and are ready to use D 2 1 Editing Terminals and Substations To edit the upper substation with its terminal gt Double click the upper terminal The edit dialogue for the terminal as depicted in Figure D 7 will pop up This dialogue shows e Page t
105. t Type gt TR2 5 11 3 3 5 Check on the Load Flow page that the automatic tap changer is disabled and that the tap position is set to zero DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 2 4 Editing Single Port Elements To edit the external grid open the edit dialog and set gt Basic Data Name Transmission Grid The external grid element has no type All electrical data is stored in the element itself gt Load Flow data Bus Type SL slack Angle 0 0 deg Voltage Setpoint 1 0 p u gt VDE IEC Short Circuit Max Short Circuit Power Sk 10000 MVA R X ratio 0 1 Press OK To edit the 11 kV induction machine gt Open its dialogue gt Name ASM1a gt Type Project Type gt ASM 11kV 5MVA gt Load Flow page gt Active Power 4 MW Press OK To edit the 3 3 kV induction machine gt Open its dialogue gt Name ASM1b Type Project Type gt ASM 3 3kV 2MVA gt Load Flow page Active Power 1 MW Press OK This concludes the power system definition of the first exercise We may now start a cal culation DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 2 Creating Power System Elements D 3 Performing a Load Flow Calculation A load flow calculation may be started from the main menu Calculation Load flow or by clicking on the Load Flow icon CP on the main toolbar This will bring the load fl
106. t side of the window the synchronous machine PP1_G1 should now appear Select the synchronous machine and press OK Press OK Right click the generator PP1_G1 again and select Define gt Governor and Turbine gov Use the governor and turbine gov pcu_HYGOV as the type It can be found in the global library under Database Library Models old version IEEE Models Edit the controller according to Name pcu_PP1_G1 Parameters Tw 0 1 s the rest of the parameters remain with the default value Press OK Check that pcu_PP1_G1 has been added to the pcu slot in the Slot Definition table of Plant_PP1_G1 and press OK DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Following the same procedure define controllers for PP1_G2 gt Right click generator PP1_G2 and select Define gt Automatic Voltage Regulator avr Select the Common Model ElmDsl from the element s list Use the same vco_IEEET1 as the type gt Edit the voltage controller according to Name VCO_PP1_G2 Parameters Parameters VCO PP1_G2 Tr Ka Ta Ke Te Kf Tf Press OK 0 01 S El 150 p u Sel 0 025 S E2 1 5 p u Se 0 3 S Vrmin 0 001 p u Vrmax 0 1 S 1 5 2 5 Exercise 7 Transient Analysis p u p u p u p u p u p u The edit dialog for the new synchronous machine composite model pops up Edit the Basic Data pa
107. ted The output window will show messages about the events that are processed when they are processed The predefined graphs in the Generators Virtual Instrument Panel will start to show results All plots can be scaled automatically in the x respectively y direction to the best view by clicking on the icons 5 and i Furthermore for a better analysis of certain time period or a closer look at the graphs the x and y axis can easily be zoomed in using the Zoom x Axis icon Ll and the Zoom y Axis icon 1 4 2 Defining New Virtual Instruments The Tutorial Manager has already defined the Virtual Instrument Panel called Genera tors It contains two plots displaying the speed and the turbine power of the generator PP1_G1 Now you are going to create the same plots for the generator PP1_G2 gt Open if not already open the Virtual Instrument Panel Generators and click on the the Append new VI s icon gt In the dialog that pops up select the Subplot Visplot object Set the desired number of new subplots in this case 2 gt Click on the icon to arrange the plots by pairs if you prefer a vertical arrangement use the eq i gt Double click on the first empty or bottom left subplot to open its edit dialog and define the variables to display gt In the Curves field bottom of the edit dialog double click on the empty Element field to select an element A data browser showin
108. ted by a vertical splitter bar This bar may be dragged to enlarge the tree or browser pane E 2 Using the Data Manager Open the Data Manager and have a look into your User folder Database User In addition to the projects of the previous exercises of the tutorial the Tutorial Manager has installed and activated a new project called Tutorial Exercise 3 An activated project is indicated by bold printed letters inside the Data Manager We are working with this project now If you want to go back to any preceding exercise you can activate the cor responding project by right clicking on the project folder and selecting Activate from the context sensitive menu The Data Manager may be used to edit the power system components gt Select the folder Database User Tutorial Exercise 3 Network Mode Network Data Fart 1 select it in the tree In the browser double click the small icon for a transformer This will open the same edit dialogue as was opened from the single line diagram gt Close the edit dialogue with Cancel The Data Manager is a very versatile object which may be used for many things e g e Create any kind of object manually i e projects calculation cases type libraries calculation commands variations etc e Copy and paste parts of the database from one folder into another e Look at results in table format e Edit objects in table format e Import and export parts of the database D
109. the background pattern and create the double busbar systems Un freeze the single line diagram necessary only if the freeze mode is active gt Select the Double Busbar System DBS from the drawing toolbox v Place the upper DBS v Select both busbars of the DBS by drawing a rectangle over them left click the drawing sheet drag the mouse to draw the rectangle release the mouse to select both busbars The DBS does not have to fit in the square every element that is partly in the square will be selected In Figure F 1 two busbars are about to be selected by dragging a small square over them Be sure to also select the bus coupler before moving v Move the DBS if it does not coincide with the background pattern v Enlarge the DBS by dragging one of the right side black squares until it fits the background pattern Because both busbars are selected both are enlarged by dragging the black square If you select one of the two busbars only you can enlarge them indivudually station Bd station Bd Fig F 1 Selecting two busbars gt Place the left middle and right double busbar systems as shown in the background pattern and enlarge and or move them to cover the background pattern Create the loads at the four busbars according to the background pattern Select the load from the drawing toolbox Place it on the respective busbar system The detailed graphic of the substation busbar
110. the browser The copy and paste method is now used to enter the type for the six lines a F gt Click on the icon again and select the line symbol gt Edit the line with the name Line in the browser Type Project Type gt Line Type TypLne gt Types Lines gt OHL 110 kV gt Copy the type to the other five lines with the names Line 1 through Line 5 gt Close the browser Although all the lines share the same line type they have different lengths To enter the line lengths Edit the four vertical lines from the upper DBS to the left and right DBS by double clicking them Length 60 km Edit the remaining two lines to the center DBS Length 20 km Name the lines gt The two lines on the left side between Station 1 B110_1x and Station 2 B110 2x Name L12a and L12b gt The lines between Station 1 B110_1x and Station 4 B110_ 4x Name L14a and L14b gt The line between Station 2 B110_2x and Station 3 B110_ 3x v v Name L23 gt The line between Station 4 B110_4x and Station 3 B110_3x Name L43 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem Edit the six loads gt Click the icon and select the load symbol A browser window with all loads will open From the second column of the table you can see which load belongs to the grid Part 1 and which belongs to Part 2 gt I
111. upne Telias EMT 111782 rezs1 aas aso4 n8 200110 Tl User ane aoa mama a2 2033711 10 E 25042008 20010 Seis Tt TiansmissinGid 2008 2007 10 eal Templates Sal Userdefined Models E Network Model GH Diagrams El Hetwork Data Fl ase GEE EE Station 1 EE Station 2 EE Station 3 SMI Areas 4th Virtual Power Plants ES Boundaries ol Circuits Feeders Re Operators ERE Owners Paths Ges Routes oa Zones d Variations am Operation Scenarios El Study Cases iT Case 1 Ge Settings J Recycle Bin _ Settings 6 objectis of 6 1 objectis selected Drag amp Drop Fig E 1 The Data Manager E 1 The Data Manager Basics Users familiar with the Windows Explorer may want to skip this section The database tree window shows a hierarchical tree with Folder objects If such a folder contains other objects it has a small plus sign This sign may be left clicked to open the folder The database browser in the right side panel will show the contents of the open folder An open folder will show its status by a small minus sign amp Left clicking this sign will close the folder In Figure E 1 the folders Tutorial User Tutorial project Library Network Model etc are open the folders Equipment Type Library Operational Library and so on are closed The Part 1 folder is selected in the tree and its contents are thus shown in the browser on the right amp Left click all minus signs until the d
112. ute gt Select Open The switch symbol will turn white Alternatively double click the switch symbol with the left mouse button to open it or to close it gt Zoom out and perform a load flow Observe the differences With the line open a short circuit on the end terminal makes no sense gt Right click the end terminal D1_Reut gt Select Calculate Short Circuit gt Perform a short circuit calculation according to Method According to IEC Fault 3 phase Short Circuit This will lead to an error because there is no generator unit found in the separated network You will get warning and error messages gt Close the switch again in the same way as it was opened gt Perform the short circuit calculation again It will now execute normally This concludes the third exercise of the tutorial DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem Chapter F Exercise 4 Creation of a Second Subsystem In this fourth exercise we will create the second part of the tutorial power system which is a high voltage transmission system For this fourth tutorial exercise we need a new Grid folder gt If the Tutorial project is not active In the main menu select the F e and then the Tutorial project from the list of recently active projects If you can not fi
113. ver unit pmu DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis anna nnn gg a aa ER a a E RONAN EREISS ERG A ISTE RIT EN IE TERE ESET i 11 l Be Segre eee rect oar Cy et ime can A 0 P em perenne he et ere ar be ee ee It CPU N Mere ey eres Ce rR GI en toe Oe hel llb eee ee een kG ac LITI I Ue eis Pieces a eet ee Ut DT A ee SI as ese Pe BNO acl 3 bee eevee Sete Ah E a ena ean ang liq pees ete erect aman FCT HE Ma Rs ae a eal i ed a aen ee eecgcainte te ar iE I it ae i E E l j i eee VLDL Tasak ST bo ds ee ee ay a aan I Eome Se PGI a asl Ot a Ses a ns I Pore ITITI I Local Remote Busi II l i l I EH i J a maal i g l T I Ka 7 i 5 i j i eee E E T li ie I l iii i pape ale een a W t T E Pi eter reese ee Pps entaueam ganna naan iid z a ae I I a El aie So ee Se eee eee ee ee ee eee ee Sa ae a ee ee eee l ae A A E S E E E S SES TE EE EA E IE S E EA EE R a E Fig I 1 Composite Frame for synchronous machine We start by giving generator PP1_G1 a voltage controller and a governor incl turbine model gt Open and freeze the single line diagram for the transmission system Part 2 gt Right click generator PP1_G1 and select Define gt Automatic Voltage Regulator avr
114. vironment New users are invited to reinforce the acquired knowledge and to learn new specific features by going through the examples provided in this Help Package The User s Manual and the Technical References always provide the necessary information to make use of the outstanding Power Factory features T 14 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis ss 15 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 7 Transient Analysis I 16 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Chapter J Index Tutorial B BOCK eroen interes acene sates B 2 Branch Elements Tedin aa D 5 EGUNO segarane D 14 Branch Object eeeeeerreerrereen E 9 Branched Off Lines POG Gl oe cesccencrenasaes E 4 Editing Elements 0 0 ee E 8 Browser Window Data Manager eseese E 1 Busbars Connecting werana D 5 SPEAN O e e D 2 FAUN enea st concent D 10 C Colour Representation of Graphic E 13 Composite Frame Asynchronous Machine 00 H 8 Synchronous Machine 0 c J 2 Composite Models TATROGUCTION ssceeensectsceceet eect aectsetoantiass H 7 Conventions used in the Manual A 3 D Data Manager Browser WINdOW scce E 1 Detailed Mode uu eee sees F 7 Edit relevant objects for calculation F 5 TANCFOGUCTION iit iccpscrssesshecdida icictsdelecendes E 1 MUNE EQIUiNG coccair E 8 Tree Window eccerre E 1 USINO memoare e eN E 3 Database Manager BASICS aaa TOA E 2 E Elements Creating Single Port Elements
115. werFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager gt Set the type to Project Type gt Bar 11kV gt Close the dialogue with OK We now return in the browser which shows the selected type for the edited terminal The two other terminals should get the same type so we are going to copy the type from the first terminal to the other two gt Left click the type field of the edited terminal This selects the field only gt Right click this type field This opens the context sensitive menu gt Select the option Copy from the context sensitive menu or use Ctrl C gt Rigth click the empty type field of one of the other terminals and select the option Paste from the context sensitive menu or use Ctrl V This copies the type Paste the type again for the other terminal Please note that the entries in the column Object modified are updated automatically with the current date and time The browser should now show all elements having their type field set We will set the names of the new terminals now gt Double click in the name field of Terminal with the left mouse button Change the name to D1_ Tub gt Click with the left mouse button into the name field of Terminal 1 gt A window pops up and asks if you want to save the changes to D2_Tub ElmTerm Confirm with Yes Change the name of Terminal 1 to D1_Gom gt Repeat with Terminal 2 and change its name to D1_Dus gt Close the bro
116. window with the single line diagram 4 The empty single line graphics window with drawing grid with grid shown where the graphical elements will snap if this option is activated 5 The drawing toolbox which is displayed in its docked state on the right side of the graphics window 6 The output window which is the white window below the graphics window It is used to show text messages text reports and also shows active links for debugging the data model DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 1 Creating the Tutorial Project 7 The status bar below the message output window to give feedback about the present status of PowerFactory For example it indicates the position of the cursor either in the graphics window or in the output window It also shows the name of the currently active project DigsILENT PowerFactory 14 0 Graphic Diaprans Part 1 Be La Cakulstion Data Output Took Window Help Oe Ga RPP 0 BS a 2 6 HD suytee By bx Re ewe Oe 1 SRO hs t Elec 1 o08 T amp mow fe rO r E b IW oy te tz 388 fod GILARPoOo fr 69 Goat Ve sa ru 4 uly 2 Ba g iz 4 2 ie oO lt az V 2 F a Q t A Ln 1 Col 1 DB S25 07 02 2106 07 28 15 Fig C 6 The workspace after creation of a new project Co Renaming the Study Case Although the created project may be used as it is the name of the new study case is norm
117. wser window The end terminal D1_Reut may already have the correct type and nominal voltage set Double click the symbol in the single line graphic and check that its data corresponds to Type Project Type gt Bar 11 kV Nom voltage 11 kV We want to group the new lines with the terminals in one Branch object to make clear that they belong together gt Open the Data Manager again gt Select the grid folder Part 1 and click with the right mouse button gt Select New gt Branch from the context sensitive menu as shown in Figure E 4 gt A new branch object is created gt Name the branch L_Swb_Reut gt Select the terminals D1_ Tub D1_Gom and D1_Dus gt Cut them by clicking with the right mouse button on the selection and choosing Cut gt Select the new branch object L_Swb_Reut in the left pane of the Data Manager DIgSILENT PowerFactory Tutorial Exercise 3 The Data Manager gt Click with the right mouse button and select Paste This will paste the terminals into the branch object Select the lines L_Swb_Tub L_Tub Dus L_Dus_Gom and L_Gom_Reut gt Cut and paste them into the branch object as well Figure E 5 shows how the filled branch object folder looks like in the Data Manager i Data Manager Network ModeliNetwork DataWart 1 BB Be Se or te i A A Ee eo O Se Network Model GH Diagrams H S amp Network Data El ce GETS E S Ed
118. y automatic backup is recommended This directory is named DB and can normally i e for a standard installation be found under CADIgSILENT pfXXX where XXX is the version number e g 14 0 i e pf140b519 In some installations the path is C DIGSILENT pfxXXDYYY where XXX is the version number e g 14 0 and YYY is the build number e g 519 i e pf140b519 e Save all projects on a regular basis by right clicking the project folder in the database tree and selecting the Export Data option This will prompt you for a filename Note By exporting a project only the information in that project and all its subfolders will be stored If the exported objects use information e g power system types like line or transformer types that is saved somewhere else then this information will not be stored Please ensure that the power system types and all other referenced information is exported as well We recommended limiting the use of non project objects to one or two non project libraries these should also be exported on a regular basis al e Exported projects may be imported into a database tree by pressing the icon on the Data Manager s toolbar You will be prompted for the exported filename pfd or dz e Please make sure that you make backup copies of all the exported data as well as of the PowerFactory database on a regular basis e However should you find yourself in the unhappy position of having a corrupted database and n

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