Simterm 3.0
Contents
1. Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral Range Not apply i Apply Continuous Step Max magnification f2 Anuluj Save to file Figure 24 Thermal camera characteristics editor Electronic zoom window Vibration window enables simulation of low frequency image vibration generated by a camera mounted on a vehicle without stabilization or being held by an operator by hands Simterm simulator user should define vibration amplitude in milliradians in Low frequency vibration field and also the probability of the vibrations inserting a proper value in respective field Camera properties J J x FO Image Detector Blur Moise Boost Vibration Spectral Range Electronic oom Low Frequency Wibratior TE Low Frequency Wibration probability ja Anuluj Save to file Figure 25 Thermal camera characteristics editor Vibration window Spectral range window enables precise definition of spectral sensitivity function of a thermal camera Simterm simulator user should choose one of two possible spectral ranges for simulated camera medium wave range 3 5um singed as MW or wide wave range signed as 26 LW Next we can accept a typical spectral sensitivity function for selected range by clicking OK button or editing this function This last operation can be performed by clicking sys function button and opening camera s spectral sensitivity function e2. Figure 1 Settings window available through Options button Simterm application s tutorial is formed as a small window overlapped on main application window Tutorial window appears in upper left corner of main window It enables an interactive way to use series of lessons which have a form of audio recordings integrated with displayed teacher s activities xl Lizt of lessons First lesson Lez z0 2 Run lesson Close Add lesson Chrl Ese interrupt lesson Figure 2 Tutorial window In Tutorial window we see a list of proposed lessons To choose a lesson just click one of available on the list To start selected lesson press Start button Performing this will activate Tutorial mode User loses control over the application which plays the audio lesson and displays sequences programmed for selected lesson Authorized users can also create new lessons using Add lesson button There are some rules for using Tutorial to be mentioned right now Following those rules helps use it properly First rule is to turn off auto hide Windows task bar option before running a tutorial lesson To achieve that click Windows task bar with right mouse button choose Properties from context menu and uncheck Auto hide task bar option Second the graphic card resolution should be set as 1024x768 pixels To set that use Windows Control Panel Third stopping a Tutorial lesson is by pressing Ctrl and Esc buttons which causes
3. there is a menu which allows user to change the type of used thermal camera Thermal camera is described by its name Selection is made by clicking left mouse button on the name of wanted camera After selection of new camera Simterm simulator automatically begins to generate an image from newly selected camera Sophie par Figure 12 Camera type selection menu Characteristics of chosen thermal camera type should be defined first using thermal camera characteristics editor 9 Object editor basic features and functions Models of objects used by Simterm application are created as a set of closed polygons Every polygon has a certain temperature difference corresponding to background temperature assigned Polygons can be created in layers located in different distances from camera which makes possible to create 2D objects similar to 3D objects Object editor module is available 14 through Objects button which is located in upper right corner of main window Object editor provides three basic functions 1 Simulated object selection 2 Editing existing objects changing their location size temperature difference movement parameters and object background type 3 Creating new objects using internal editor or importing them 10 Object editor selecting an object for simulation To select object for simulation click one of available names from List of objects Directly after selecting an object on the E
4. will be talked over in separate chapter COMMUNICATION window enables defining the way of communication with other computers in the network x Mode of work Comunication Interface Temporary characteristic f Default Master C Slave Anuluj Zastosuj Pomoc Figure 5 Communication window There are three possible ways of communication between Simterm applications working in network 1 Neutral Default 2 Master 3 Slave In Neutral mode our Simterm application doesn t communicate with other Simterm applications working in network If Master mode is chosen our Simterm sends submit requests to all Simterm applications installed and running in network The request will be refused by Simterms working in Neutral mode but accepted by these which work in Slave mode Acceptance of this request causes user losing control of the application running in Slave mode Such running application executes commands sent by the user working on Simterm with Master mode active It has to be remembered that only one computer in network only one Simterm can work in Master mode There is no limitation for the number of computers running Simterm in Slave or Neutral mode Working in network chapter discusses more detailed rules INTERFACE window enables choosing the language version and the look of graphic interface x Mode of Work Comunication Interface Temporary characteristics Language E window colo
5. Windows Start Menu popup To continue working with Simterm just click anywhere outside Start Menu 3 Simterm application structure From user s point of view Simterm simulator consists of six windows modules Main window Object editor Background editor in other words the editor of lower background the terrain Sky editor top part of the background Thermal camera characteristics editor camera properties Application settings window options Se ee aT Directly after starting the application we see its main window All other Simterm modules are available through corresponding buttons The object editor can be opened by clicking Targets button located in upper right corner of the main window Background editor is available through clicking Backer button located in upper right corner of the main window just like Sky button responsible for displaying the sky editor window Thermal camera characteristics editor can be opened by clicking Properties button which is located in lower left corner of application s main window To get to application settings window click Options button which is located in lower part of the main window L Simterm 2 1 Visibility Ideal z Wind Calm M Bck temperature S 0 Iv Automatic Field of view e Narrow Wide Polarity Electronic zoom m F ocus Iv Automatic 586 00 m NUC Properties Sagem long ran B start
6. fa Automatic Sophie par Figure 11 Current camera settings panel Those setting are level intensity field of view polarization electronic zoom image blur and non uniformity correction Changing level we regulate image brightness Changing intensity we regulate image contrast It is possible to do that manually but these settings can be optimized by checking Auto field Large amount of thermal cameras has an ability to change field of view smoothly or select one of possible options Simterm simulator also provides such possibility Depending on information introduced in camera characteristics editor in Field of view rectangle appear proper buttons for field of view choice Wide Medium Narrow or a slider in case of smooth field of view selection Slider appears in case of cameras equipped with zoom lens To change field of view type click one of available options or move the slider 13 To change polarization click Polarization button There are two possible types of image polarization First white color is assigned to warm objects black color to cold objects Second black color is assigned to warm objects and white to cold objects First type of polarization is default Simterm simulator also enables to set electronic zoom Current zoom value is displayed under button or lider Electronic zoom Depending on settings from camera characteristics editor electronic zoom can be set smoothly or selected
7. mictoseaning Vertical microascaning Anuluj Save to file Figure 20 Thermal camera characteristics editor Detector window Blur window enables defining those camera characteristics which decide about its ability to differentiate details of observed scenery image User can define image focus by declaring one of three thermal camera characteristics a Line Spread Function LSF b Modulation Transfer Function MTF c Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference MRTD function Camera properties l x Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral A ange FO Image Detector Blur Noise Boost C LSF 0 MTF MATO Frequency 1 Step FOY Zoom FOW WM Automatical recalculation wide FOV f g Medium FOW Narrow FOW 2 o00000 MATO Measurement results High Frequency Blur jo MTF x1 0 5 MTF x2 0 1 Anuluj Save to fie Figure 21 Thermal camera characteristics editor Image sharpness window In case of selecting line spread function LSF it is necessary to input a radial size in milliradians for all fields of view in which LSF falls to 0 37 When choosing MTF we need to pass the spatial frequency in which MTF is equal to 0 5 or 0 1 In case of MRTD function first we need to pass a value of MRTD for spatial frequency equal 0 09 cycles per mrad and then 23 click MRTD measurement button and pass values of this characteristics for chosen spatial frequenc
8. using simulated camera In most cases prepared list of objects should be enough for practicing purposes for operators or working on optimization of thermal cameras In other case Simterm user can edit existing objects or create new objects himself 11 Object editor editing existing object Models of objects user by Simterm application can be edited in three ways First one is that a user can change object s location size and temperature Second method is that user can define parameters which define object s movement Third user can change the type of object s background To change location size and temperature click Geometry button This makes possible to change location Location field and size Size field The unit for location and size is meter Group of objects Name Size by ji 2 Z 0 812375 y fo Visibility M Janar M February W March M April M May W June M July M August M September IY October IY November i December Allow distortion Temperature ditterence range 25 Temporary characteristics None Advanced Cancel Restore Figure 14 Object s location size and temperature edit window Object s temperature can be regulated by changing values in Temperature fields First field is the lowest element temperature second is the highest element temperature It should be remembered that object s or its elements temperature is thei
9. 2 g S 9 SIMTERM 2 9 Simterm September 20 F Simterm Guide Microsof sail Simterm 2 1 oA AVE 18 52 Figure 3 Simterm application main window 4 Settings window Settings window enables changing the look and functionality of Simterm s main window Because of this it will be discussed before presentation of the main window Settings window can be opened by clicking Options button located at the bottom of main window It consists of four new windows Mode of work Communication Interface and Temporary characteristics Immediately after activating settings window Mode of work is displayed Property Sheet j X Mode of Wark Comunication Interface Temporary characteristics f Default i Tutorial Test Save sessior Anuluj Zastosuj Pomoc Figure 4 Settings window Mode of work window enables to choose a version of simulator s work mode There are three possible options a DEFAULT b TUTORIAL c TEST d SAVE SESSION DEFAULT mode is the basic work mode of Simterm simulator used for simulating thermal cameras Working with TUTORIAL or TEST mode uses additional functions of Simterm application Pressing TUTORIAL button activates the Tutorial window over the main window Terms of using the Tutorial were already discussed in Tutorial chapter Pressing TEST button activates an additional Test window over the main window of Simterm Detailed information about TEST mode
10. INFRAMET SIMTERM 2 1 User s manual www inframet com O WON DBA A QU N e NI A Nn A W N e pD List of contents ITO dUC AOT A E E T N T E E 3 ANOKA A AM BEEE al Se ENE TO A TA AEA E EAE tiv EE A ceed E O T a eee 4 Simterm application Stuc E enni N AAT T 5 CEOS WOW cirea a N us tas ance teieateasl Uh Selous nae 6 Main window list of basic feature 2 0 0 0 cccccccccccsssssssseseeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeasaeaaassaeesssseeeeeeeeeeeeeess 9 Main window observation COnItions osinon as a a a E 10 Main window current camera settings ccccccccccsssssssseeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaaesessesssseeeeeeeeeeeeees 12 Main window camera type SCIECUON erneioairen a n T E T Ea 14 Object editor basic features and functions cc eeseessseseeeececceeeeeeeeeeesaeaeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeeees 14 Object editor selecting an object for SimUlation ccccccecccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 15 Obieet Editor cditin vex IStine OD CCl ice te curate citadel 16 OBject edilor creatine NEW ODjCCUS ten cia aiserastsenrcanetencdoencieressaunredorsedurianse iodine cdeceaten cases 17 BaCKorOund edilon nerro e EE a nace ale eae eee 18 DOC E E E EE E E E N A E E E 19 Cammierarcharacleris tics editor STUC Gie e A e O tuetauets 20 Workine IN MCLW OFK aroreseonamo pa A R 29 Workman Tes mode corria a E E ha E A 31 1 Introduction Simterm 2 1 application is a computer simulator for thermal cameras It al
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12. ckground temperature scroll bar menu view Object camera distance can be regulated with distance scroll bar located on a vertical panel in the right part of main window There is a distance indicator on the lower end of this panel which displays currently set distance in meters Dragging the slider up we lower simulated distance It can be regulated in the range from 100 m to 10 km It is also possible to set the step of distance changing 1 m or 10 m by selecting a proper field in Step rectangle Figure 9 Distance slider on the left and vertical position slider Object s location can be regulated using two scroll bars vertical and horizontal position Vertical position bar is located in the right part of main window next to distance scroll bar Changing position of vertical slider we regulate vertical position of object Horizontal position 11 scroll bar is located in the bottom of main window Changing its position we regulate horizontal position of object Uptions ave Image Figure 10 Vertical position scroll bar 7 Main window current camera settings In the right part of main window there is a panel which contains current settings of thermal camera Under current settings of thermal camera we mean the regulation mechanisms of thermal camera available to user 12 Mode of work Cd Automatic Field of view by arrovy Wide Polarity Electronic zoom fo Focus
13. d Digital Low Anuluj Save to file Figure 19 Thermal camera characteristics editor Image window User can choose two available TV formats European PAL and American NTSC and digital format In case of last one output image is generated directly from camera s detector matrix signal In case of simulating camera with output signal format PAL or NTSC raw image from detector can be transformed User has two choices of resolution quality improvement repeating raw detector s matrix image rows and columns or interpolating next rows and columns of raw detector s matrix image Later user can define detector s signal intensification level by choosing one of three options Maximum Medium Minimum Detector window provides setting basic thermal camera detector s parameters First of all user defines type of detection circuit having two choices available ruler type detector and scanning system or matrix detector Next user defines the amount of matrix detectors or horizontal and vertical rulers In case of using microscanning technology in simulated camera it is needed to activate proper fields in lower part of the window 22 Lamera properties x Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral Range FO Image Detector Blur Moise Boost Scanning C Staring Number of horizontal lines 298 Mumber of horizontal detectors ob M Vertical microscaning Number of vertical detectors 256 Horisontal
14. ditor window Camera properties i a X FO Image Detector Blur Moise Boost Electronic oom Vibration spectral Range by fe Ly OF Anuluj Save to file Figure 26 Thermal camera characteristics editor Spectral range window On the left side of this editor camera s spectral sensitivity function values table is located First column contains wave lengths in micro meters and the second contains the values of spectral sensitivity function for respective wave lengths Simterm simulator user can edit all available values or add new ones This lets generate any spectral sensitivity function for a camera 27 STS Function Figure 27 Spectral sensitivity characteristics editor 28 16 Working in network Simterm 2 1 simulator has an advance of communicating with other Simterms installed in network To set communication rules use Simterm s options window Precise communication rules are being set in Communication page There are three possible communication modes between Simterm programs working in network 1 Neutral Default 2 Master 3 Slave Property Sheet x Mode of work Comunication Interface Temporary characteristics f Default C Masher C Slave Anuluj Zastosuj Pomoc Figure 28 Communication window In Neutral communication mode out Simterm application does not communicate with other Simterm applications in network If we choose Master m
15. e editor or sky editor Landscape editor starts by clicking Background buttons and sky editor starts through clicking Sky button Instructions of use for those editors were discussed in separate chapters Background editor and Sky editor 12 Object editor creating new objects There are two possible ways to create new objects First method is to create objects using Simterm s internal editor The second way is to prepare an object with another vector graphic editor and import it to Simterm application To start creating a new object using internal editor 17 click New button and assign object s name Then it is possible to add new elements or layers using Item or Layer buttons Because of difficulties with assigning location and temperature for each created element this method is rather recommended for advanced users Much easier way is to create a new object as a set of closed polygons in any other vector graphics editor e g Corel Draw assign corresponding gray level to proper polygons and export such object to Adobe Illustrator format Importing prepared object is available through clicking Import button and pointing the file in which the object is saved Then it 1s needed to name the object set its position size and temperature difference It s also possible to remove existing objects by selecting its name from the list and clicking Remove button 13 Background editor Bac
16. e image relies on assigned observation conditions current thermal camera settings and parameters Second function makes possible to simulate the influence of observation conditions on generated image There are five factors of these conditions visibility strength of wind environment temperature object camera distance and object location Third option enables simulating the influence of current camera settings on generated image through assuring possibility for user to regulate a set of current camera settings like level brightness intensity contrast field of view image polarization electronic zoom image sharpness and non uniformity correction Fourth function communication with other modules was already discussed in chapter 3 Simterm application structure 6 Main window observation conditions Five factors are considered as observation conditions 1 Visibility 2 Wind stregth 3 Background temperature 4 Object camera distance 5 Object location We can regulate visibility using Visibility field which is located on the top of main window Expanding the list which this field contain gives a chance to pick one of such possibilities 1 Ideal 2 Clear 3 Hoze 4 Fog 5 Rain 6 Heavy rain 7 Snow 8 Heavy snow Click suitable atmosphere type to choose it Simterm simulator will immediately update visibility conditions and refresh object s image using current settings Worsening
17. e images closely resembling thermal images of many targets at different scenarios obtained with the simulated thermal camera High fidelity of simulation was achieved due to use of measurable parameters of thermal cameras as input data In contrast to other commercial IR image generators that simulate images generated by an universal thermal camera SIMTERM enable simulation of precisely defined imaging system SIMTERM can be treated as a virtual thermal camera located in a virtual world Its user can test influence of thermal camera settings contrast level polarity field of view electronic zoom optical zoom focus atmospheric conditions visibility wind observation conditions targets 32 backgrounds distance on the final image generated by the simulated cameras Next the user change the simulated camera and compare images generated by different cameras available on the market Further on the user can change parameters of the simulated camera and find out for example what can be achieved if some design improvements are implemented In a time of a few days the user can get detail knowledge about thermal cameras typically possible to get only after years of time consuming and costly training SIMTERM can be also a valuable tool during development of new thermal cameras because new versions of the device can be quickly simulated and verified In case of questions please contact us Tel 48 604061817 Fax 48 226668780 Email info infr
18. e of using thermal camera protecting national borders List column presents all list of prepared object or only a type of objects to choose by Group menu Models used by Simterm simulator are simplified models of real objects which limits simulation s level of details in case of short range observation but only in a small degree in case of long range observation There is no need to assume even in case of long range observation that real object images generated by a real camera will be exactly the same as images generated 15 by Simterm simulator Such situation is impossible because of three reasons First of all objects belonging to the same group and represented in simulator by a single model can differ just like people are different one from another Second thermal image of the same object is a function of many factors Per example thermal image of the same human can change very much depending on season of year clothes position physical strain and so on Third reason 1s that precise simulation of thermal camera needs to use image processing methods which aren t supported by present graphic cards This leads to huge overloads for processor which with current technology status can exactly simulate camera only in case of low complex objects Images generated by Simterm simulator feature a considerable similarity level to images generated by real thermal cameras which lets effectively evaluate observation of real objects
19. e temperature defined with background temperature slider located in Simterm s main window 14 Sky editor Sky editor makes possible to choose top background and define temperature arrangement over it Just like in case of landscape editor sky editor can be started from two locations First one is by clicking Sky button from application s main window upper right corner and the other one is from object editor by clicking Sky button located in lower right corner If we start sky editor from object editor window then selected sky background will be assigned to object selected from list of objects However if we open the sky editor from Simterm s main window selected sky background will be temporarily assigned to currently observed object until another background is selected or application is closed Independently of opening method sky editor window always looks the same We have a list of available sky types which can be used as the top background for observed object To choose a background click its name on the list Next we have to set temperature range by inserting proper values into Temperature range fields First field 1s the minimum second maximum temperature In Sky field we have to insert the temperature for clear sky It has to be remembered that these values are relative to absolute temperature defined with background temperature slider located in Simterm s main window 19 1al xi V View
20. from a number of possible options Sharpness of image generated by simulated camera is set automatically in case of selecting Auto option in rectangle Focus When deactivating Auto option it is possible to regulate image sharpness manually pressing two buttons below Auto label Matrix detectors or linear detectors used in thermal cameras provide some non uniform sensitivity of separate detector s pixels Non uniformity amplitude can be regulated by using thermal camera characteristics editor By pressing Non uniformity button we can generate different non uniformity arrangement Real thermal camera user meet with only one concrete arrangement of non uniformity but using different cameras he meets with vary of non uniformity arrangements For these reasons Non uniformity button has been added to group of current thermal camera settings despite of the fact that single camera user doesn t have influence on detector s non uniformity arrangement Thermal camera detector s sensitivity non uniformity normally grows with time since turning on the camera Fastness of this growth can be measured using camera characteristics editor Majority of thermal cameras has a possibility to correct this growth by running NUC non uniformity correction function Simterm simulator also offers such functionality by pressing NUC button 8 Main window camera type selection On the bottom of current camera settings panel
21. ies Image sharpness window also provides spread level definition in consequence of high frequency vibration of camera mounted e g on a mechanical vehicle without stabilization In Vibration spot field we need to input radial size in mrad for LSF function of vibration effect for which this function falls to 0 37 It has to be remembered that this field enables allowance of vibration effect frequencies over 15 Hz If such vibrations do not appear just pass 0 into this field Noise window enables setting camera characteristics which define relation of noise in the image and ability to detect objects with lower contrast x Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral Range FU Image Detector Blur Noise Boost NETO FPN 0 1 a 03 White noise go 98 Horizontal nose 1n4 E 16 6 Vertical noise 134 a Flicker intensity fo Non uniformity ja fo fo Flicker probability Total dead pixels Noise growth f oO O 92 93 Mask dead pixels Anuluj Save to file Figure 22 Thermal camera characteristics editor Noise window User can set following parameters 1 temperature resolution NETD defining temporal noise of the camera 2 FPN resolution defining spatial noise of the camera 3 non uniformity defining slow changing differences of detector s matrix sensitivity 4 image flickering 5 dead pixels of detector s matrix 6 spatial noise growth velocity
22. kground editor enables to choose background and define temperature arrangement over the ground scenery on which observed object will be presented There are two ways to start landscape editor First from main window by clicking Background button located in upper right corner Second way is to use object editor and click Background button which is located in lower right corner of editor s window Following the second way we will assign selected background landscape to be default for selected object However if we load a landscape from the main window selected background will be temporarily assigned for observed object until closing the application or choosing another Background editor E 7 la xi M View list Temporary characteristic simple background 3 low t background 4_low t background 5 bkg background 5 high Temperature range f fi Cancel Figure 16 Background editor window 18 Independently of starting method landscape editor window always looks the same In the left part of the window we have a list of landscapes which can be used as the bottom background for observed object To select a landscape click its name on the list Next set the range of temperatures on selected landscape surface by inserting proper values into Temperature range fields First field is the minimum second maximum landscape temperature It has to be remembered that these temperatures are relative to absolut
23. l noise and non uniformity do not grow at all during simulation of working camera When third level is selected spatial noise and non uniformity of camera detector grow very fast during camera running Boost window gives an ability to turn on off image processing to sharpen edges in processed image In some cases activating this type of processing can improve image quality User can also regulate level of edge intensification using horizontal slide bar Camera properties j X Electronic oom Vibration Spectral Range FO Image Detector Elur Noise Boost f Not apply boost Apply boost i Anuluj Save to fie Figure 23 Thermal camera characteristics editor Boost window Electronic zoom window lets user define image processing mechanism to achieve electronic image zoom Use Apply field to activate this function Next user has to define zoom type selecting one of two Continuous or Step Selecting Continuous field electronic zoom can be regulated smoothly using proper slide bar in Simterm s main window Using Step zoom type electronic zoom is changed by clicking a proper button in Simterm s main window In both cases user should define maximum electronic zoom value for respective camera Required value from to 10 should be inserted into Max magnification field 25 Camera properties x FO Image Detector Blur Noize Boost
24. lements list appear all the elements of which the object consists In the right part of editor window we have a preview of chosen object The preview can be switched off simply uncheck the Preview field We can also switch on off Autoformat function by checking unchecking corresponding field By clicking Accept button we confirm the choice we ve made and Simterm simulator immediately generates image of selected object in defined observation conditions achieved with simulated camera Loading Editing of targets X List of targets a_ soldier List of objects DOM_DRZEWO aircraft F12 sciany aircraft F1Ba drzewo aircraft small dach bear_frort daszek oa Masteri bear_side komin _ Ea Waster bizon oknal poon n Sa pi block of flats oknoz a oe boar side oknod fe PolishT utor building 2 oknod 23 PolishTutorial buildings 1 drew fi 4 Targets drzwiz Zadaszenie 23 Tests 4 Tutorial 4 USERS 25 SiSLan Car Passenger couple relaxing cow cow 2 Save Save as Add clon review Laver ltem Copy Remove Edit Paste Set Sky Import _Geomety Moving Paste ae layer Set Background Remove cancel Group All Edit target group Target description Figure 13 Object editor Simterm simulator offers a set of over 70 objects designed to introduce user with images of typical objects which he could meet in cas
25. list Temporary characteristic None F Gee Temperature range 3 f Sky temperature 4 Cancel 15 Figure 17 Sky editor window Camera characteristics editor structure Thermal camera characteristics editor module enables user to set precise thermal camera characteristics which are to be simulated To start this module press Characteristics button loacated in the lower left corner of main window Thermal camera characteristics editor module consists of nine windows 1 Field of view Image Detector Blur Noise Boost Electronic zoom Vibrations Spectral range These nine windows contain thermal camera characteristics simulated by Simterm In any time we can change any of available characteristics using one of editor windows and accepting those changes by clicking OK button Since confirming changes Simterm starts to simulate camera image with updated characteristics Those changes will be saved until closing the 20 application It is also possible to store camera characteristics in file by using Save to file button Name of this file will be added to camera list which is available in lower left corner of main window Camera properties l X Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral Range FLUM Image Detector Blur Noise Boost i Step Zoom C One Field Two Fields Three Fields Horizontal FU Wertical FOW POR Magnification a wide f Mae horizontal FLY 2 Medi
26. lows generating realistic thermal images of series of objects which would be generated by simulated thermal cameras at given conditions of observation Images generated by Simterm simulator are static and that limits the application to simulate mostly overground thermal cameras where in case of observing distant objects even images of moving targets are almost static Because of greater image dynamics which appears in aerial purposes only in limited degree Simterm can be used for simulation of aerial thermal cameras A unique attribute of Simterm simulator is a possibility to precisely simulate a given thermal camera by assigning a set of its parameters This makes possible to simulate an exact thermal camera type in various observation conditions It helps achieve real estimation of simulated camera features already in a computer classroom Working with Simterm does not replace several hundred hours of practical work with a thermal camera to give high quality results of training thermal camera operator But in fact using Simterm simulator can limit the time and lower the costs of practical schooling for ground thermal cameras operators accomplishing much of this task in a classroom but simulating real thermal cameras in real observation conditions Training in such way helps students to quickly memorize how thermal images of many objects in many different atmospheric conditions do look like and also helps perfectly master accessible mechanisms
27. n and a list of answers User has to pick a proper answer and click OK button to proceed with test After completing all questions Test window appears again In the table next to test name in Results column we can see the score achieved through the test It is presented in the form points achieved maximum achievable points Authorized Simterm user can create a new test by clicking Add test button or remove a test with Remove test button It is also possible 31 to add questions to existing test To do so select one of available tests and click Add item button Test item adding window will appear Test item adding J i x Number of answers E s Scores f Question ANSMET Right ltem name testO04 st Parameters name JtestO04 par Tepe mene ftest004 tag M Use image or i e e O a Figure 33 Test item adding window To add a new question follow those steps 1 Input the question in Question field 2 Choose the number of possible answers for given question 3 Define the amount of points to achieve when properly answering the question 4 Input suggested answers below Answers label 5 Point the correct answer using fields below Right label 6 Press OK button From now on new question is added into test Summary SIMTERM is a PC based image generator that enable accurate simulation of surveillance thermal cameras SIMTERM allows its users to generat
28. ode out Simterm sends submit requests to all other Simterm applications installed in network This request will be refused by all Simterms running in Neutral mode and accepted by those Simterm applications which run in Slave mode Submit request acceptation causes losing control over Slave Simterm program Such working application executes commands sent by Master Simterm application user Network communication provides such situations 1 Students can see on their screens exactly what the instructor is doing on his computer if his Simterm works in Master mode and students computers run in Slave mode 2 Instructor can control what the student 1s doing if instructor s Simterm runs in Slave mode and student s Simterm works in Master mode Rules which must be complied to achieve proper network communication are 1 Screen resolution of all computers which use Simterm application has to be the same To set screen resolution use Windows Control Panel 2 Simterm applications installed on computers should be identical Explanation user can change objects or create new ones change camera settings or editing it to assure proper effects those changes should be made in all Simterm applications 29 3 4 5 Only one computer in network only one installed Simterm can run in Master mode However there are no limitations for number of Simterms working in Slave or Ne
29. of camera adjustments But first of all training with Simterm simulator helps to study thermal cameras fast and precisely Having knowledge of tested equipment functional boundaries helps to use it best Simterm simulator can be also a useful tool when planning to buy thermal equipment Using simulator it is easy and fast to define precise technical requirements for thermal cameras best suited for planned applications Simterm simulator is also useful when performing optimizaton of thermal equipment arrangement Using simulator it is possible to determine range of effective observation of possessed thermal cameras in typical observation conditions and to adapt cameras arrangement to estimated ranges Simterm simulator user s manual is available on two forms First one is a text graphical document available through Help button which is in the lower right corner of application s main window Second form is series of multimedia lessons available through Tutorial mode Getting familiar with help document contents or listening multimedia lessons in Tutorial helps to know Simterm simulator better and fully use its features 2 Tutorial To run Tutorial mode press Options button which is located at the bottom of main window and select a proper application run mode Figure 1 Property Sheet x Mode of work Comunication Interface Temporary characteristics f Default Tutorial C Test Save sessior Anuluj Zastosuj Pomoc
30. of visibility causes lower atmosphere transmission and in consequence larger noise or worse contrast Wind strength can be regulated through menu Wind which is located on the top of main window Expanding the list gives following options for wind strength 1 Calm 2 Light breeze 3 Moderate breeze 4 Strong breeze 5 Gale 6 Storm Click proper wind type to choose it Simterm will simulate object s image with new settings More strong the wind is then less is the difference between object and background temperature which leads to lower the contrast or intensify the noise of the image Background temperature the average landscape temperature can be regulated using a horizontal scroll bar located on the top of the main window This scroll bar enables to set the background temperature between 20 C and 70 C Information about current background temperature value is displayed on the field next to scroll bar Changing the temperature also causes an automatic change of atmosphere temperature because the algorithm assumes that atmosphere temperature is equal to average landscape background temperature to 40 C Lowering the background temperature causes lower power of radiation emitted by objects with unchanged difference between object and background temperature which leads to higher noise of generated image 10 Visibility Fain gt ind Eel Bek temperature Figure 8 Visibility Wind and ba
31. r Text color English C Polish Anuluj astosul Pomac Figure 6 Interface window To choose language version of Simterm and its documentation please select one of two available radio buttons in Language rectangle To change display of Simterm simulator select one of two fields Window color or Text color It is possible to change those features by clicking the small rectangles on the left side of these labels TEMPORARY CHARACTERISTICS window is used for changing objects and background characteristics depending on time of observation which is in fact a precisely defined time of day and season In current version of Simterm simulator this option is inactive an set as Not apply by default Property Sheet x Mode of work Comunication Interface Temporar characteristics i Apply Not apply Anuluj Zastosuj Pomoc Figure 7 Temporary characteristics window 5 Main window list of basic features Main module of Simterm simulator provides four basic features 1 generates a thermal image of observed object 2 enables defining observation conditions 3 enables defining current camera settings 4 enables communication with other modules object and background editor camera characteristics editor and application settings window First feature realizes generating thermal image which would be displayed by simulated camera in the centre part of the main window Th
32. r difference temperature 16 corresponding to background temperature Simterm simulator was built mainly to simulate static objects However it is still possible to define a simple object s movement characteristics To define object s movement use Movement button Now in movement editor we can define object s movement by filling movement table It consists of four columns Time Horizontal movement X Vertical movement Y Visibility Values in Movement X and Movement Y define range and direction of moving in time intervals defined in Time column Let s analyze an example of one moving tank Data presented in the table mean that e 1 row tank should be still for 2 seconds e 2 row in next 10 seconds tank should move left 13 m e 3 row in no time 0 seconds the tank should move right 26 m but should be invisible e 4 row the tank should move left 13 m for 10 seconds In discussed example executing all four rows means the tank will appear in the same position from which it has started After completing last row command application starts the list from beginning assuring cyclical recursion of object movements described in movement table Itemt s moving editor X Time difference 8 Move Y Move Viewable Add moving Before current After current Remove Restore Cancel jo jo jo Is visible Figure 15 Movement editor window Object s background can be changed using landscap
33. since turning on the camera NETD temperature resolution value in Celsius degree we need to pass to NETD field FPN spatial noise value C in FPN field non uniformity value C in Non uniformity field In case of temporal noise and spatial noise it is needed to define proportions between white noise horizontal and vertical noise using corresponding slide bars located under NETD and FPN labels Image flickering effect can be defined by two parameters flickering amplitude C flickering probability a number from 0 to range Detector s matrix dead pixels effect can be defined by stating a proportional part of detector s dead pixels in relation to all pixels inserting a number from 0 to 5 in Dead pixels field Detector s matrix dead pixels are masked using image processing methods implemented in 24 thermal cameras Simetrm application also uses dead pixels masking method after activating Masking field It has to be remembered that camera user hasn t got ability to turn off dead pixels masking Simterm gives such chance to demonstrate how does the image look like without masking dead pixels Spatial noise and non uniformity of detector usually grows since the moment of turning on the thermal camera Simterm simulator also can implement such effect User can set the velocity of this effect s growth by selecting one of three possible values from 0 to 3 Selecting level 0 means that spatia
34. um Mas vertical FOW E Marrow 2 00 Anuluj Save to file Figure 18 Thermal camera characteristics editor Field of view window Field of view window enables precise setting of characteristics defining camera s field of view User has two choices of thermal camera type to pick smooth field of view selection or selection from defined set of values If user wants to simulate a camera with single field of view option or a defined set of values he should select Step field on the other hand if we want to simulate a camera with smooth field of view selection we have to choose Zoom field In case of selecting Step field user has to define a set of possible values for horizontal and vertical field of view of simulated thermal camera When selecting Zoom field user has to define simulated camera s maximum zoom for used lens and define maximum horizontal and vertical field of view Caution camera s field of view proportions have to be exactly the same as detector matrix proportions Image window enables to set format of electronic output signal resolution enhancement method and automatic intensification level 21 Camera properties yg x Electronic Zoom Vibration Spectral Range FL Image Detector Blur Moise Boost Format Resolution improvement Automatic gain control fe PAL l Maximal Pixel replication method NTSC P Average Bilinear interpolation metho
35. utral modes Simterm application working in Master mode generates command file named master msg in three folders MASTER MASTER 1 MASTER 2 Simterm application working in Slave mode has to know the location of master msg file generated by Master Simterm application and user should point the location of files generated by Simterm application First it is needed to activate Slave Simterm applications then start Master Simterm application Now a detailed four step algorithm of proper communication rules setting will be presented It is explained for a network with 9 Simterms installed one Simterm as Master eight as Slave 1 2 3 4 Choose a computer or Simterm application to work in Master mode it will send commands to other Simterms Activate Master field in Communication page in options window and press OK button A dialog box named Master mode will appear Caution do not press Start yet working with this Simterm should be suspended temporarily Master Mode E Figure 29 Master mode window Choose a computer to work in Slave mode and execute commands sent by Master Simterm In Communication window activate Slave field and press OK button Slave mode window will appear In this window we see the path to master msg file which has been used by this Simterm lately Click the button next to the path text bo
36. x to find the location of master msg file generated by Master Simterm application Choose one of master msg files from MASTER MASTER 1 MASTER 2 folders on Master Simterm application After finding master msg file press Start button Slave Mode j C Program Files S intel aster Master meg Figure 30 Slave mode window Repeat step 2 for all computers which are to work in Slave mode Return to Master computer and press Start button From this moment all Slave Simterm applications do exactly the same actions as Master Simterm 30 17 Working in Test mode Working in test mode is available by activating Test field in options window an pressing OK button A small additional window appears then Property Sheet x Mode of Work Comunication Interface Temporary characteristics C Default C Tutorial Test Save sessior Anuluj astosuy Pomoc Figure 31 Options window with Test field marked x Test name Results 1 Test 1 In progress 2 Second Test Not started 3 063 Test Moot started 4 Test 10 Hot started Figure 32 Test window On the top of Test window there is a table of prepared tests On the bottom of this window there are five buttons Start Close Add test Remove test Add item Test selection is made by clicking test name and pressing Start button Choose the answer window appears containing a questio
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