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THE DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATIONAL SIMULATION GAME

1. Model M Recievable 3485 ash 2385 4 redit 127589 4 a Raw 1538 Production 5 E 69 emand 111 Industry Competition loj xj Economic Political Legal Technological Cala nfiormatwon Systems Table A 6 Monitoring Factors Window 1 Green color frame represents demand factors 2 Gray color frame represents production factor 3 Blue color frame represents inventory factors 4 Red color frame represents sale and marketing factors 5 Yellow color represents financial factors 98 The first frame contains population meal a day and market share and market portion factor of the restaurant The second frame contains a number of chefs in the restaurant chefs ability in cooking per hours machine to beak pizza and machine s ability to beak pizzas per hours Pizza ingredient and unit of materials in inventory The third frame contains the number of materials ordered in one time materials cost in that order Cost of ordering such as transportation period of order materials and quantity of materials for safety stock The forth frame contains number of waiter in the restaurant waiter s ability to serve pizzas per hours number of delivery man delivery man s ability per hours product price percentage of customer pay by check and percentage of customer pay by cash The fifth frame cont
2. The third and fourth areas are button boxes Table A 16 Object Script and properties Figure A 11 Situation Factor Window 140 The mathematical function area of situational expense 2 and 3 are the object interface control The first area is text boxes and combo box which The number 2 and 3 are button boxes Table A 18 Object Script and properties VERSION 5 00 Begin VB Form frmFactors Caption factor ClientHeight 1410 ClientLeft 60 ClientTop 345 ClientWidth 5070 ControlBox 0 alse Link Topic Form MDIChild 1 True ScaleHeight 1410 ScaleWidth 5070 Begin VB TextBox txtExp Height 975 Left 0 TabIndex 5 Top 360 Figure A 12 Situation Expense Window 142 143 C Database Analysis Database Object Table A 19 SQL Command in The Data Object Connection SQL Command Factors Select From Currentdata Situation Factor Select From Situation Situation Select from situation factor MonthlyExp Select from situation expense DataBase Tables Structure Table A 20 The Structure of CurrentFactor urrentFactor Field Name Typ D escription Even Text dentify process module of factor Name ex dentify name of factor alue of the factor Type Text identify type of factor if it changeable or calculated Dess fex Pescription ofthe facto Table A 21 The Structure of S
3. situation table Situation year Situation answer A situation can have many impacted factors Situation Expense A situation can have Situation number Base Event many expenses Name Detail Amount Factor The Factor table is Event Name p value mapped to data object Type pr Desc number Situation Detail variable Situation Type Situation env Situation factor table is a Situation month Situation year x y GIANG aREWAI child table from Situation O Factor Situation Factor Situation number Var name Operator Amount table The situation factor has a join relation with data object variable 146 Situation number Situation Detail Situation Type Situation env Situation month Situation year Situation answer Situation Expense Situation number Base Current Expense Detail Base Amount Event Name Expense Base Detail Base Amount Event Name Detail Amount There are relationships among three tables The current expense table is the result of joining between situation expense and expense base The situation expense is linked to the parented table where situation month field equates simulation month in the game 147 D User Manual Table A 27 Student Manual Students Install
4. 4 2 1 2 Restaurant Simulation The second group of modules is in the restaurant simulation window This interface has six modules two of which are functional modules The first four modules are related to graphic objects on the window The last two modules are the user modules and they are a group of commands used so frequently that they are collected and named to be easily called from anywhere in the game The functional modules are the user modules that receive parameters for calculation giving the resulting values back to the variables The following Figure 4 11 is a diagram of the restaurant simulation s modules It depicts the modules process sequence and is followed by an explanation Figure 4 11 Simulation Game Routinely Process gt Show Data Restaurant Simulation Image Click Timer1 ze Ec Timer Routine ES Hour Day Month Year Calsale Checkout Generate Day demand The process starts with the initialize module Then the three modules which are timerl_timer Imagerl_click and Timerroutine_timer are loaded These are object event modules that have a special behavior For timer objects they work like a schedule running the timer module in every time period The Imagel_module is used when the user clicks on an image in the internal environment area of the
5. Structure Chart and Codes Figure A 9 Situation Simulation Data Flow Diagram Situation Series Situation Factors Situation Expense Request Get Query gt Add Situational Factors Control Situational Factors Update Situational Factors Delete Situational Factors Control Situational series Add Situational Expense Update Situational Expense Control Situational Expense Delete Situational Expense Add Situational series lUpdate Situational series Delete Situational series Table A 12 Situation Simulation Modules Process Item Code Get Query Dim rs db Set db DBSituation DBSituation 125 db Open Set rs db Execute select from factors where Type ch rs MoveFirst Do While Not rs EOF ComboFactor AddlItem rs Fields var name rs MoveNext Loop load factors load Expense Control Situational Series Data Refresh If TxtSerialType Text Q Then txtAnswer Visible True Else txtAnswer Visible False End If Data Caption Series amp CStr Data Recordset AbsolutePosition 1 load factors load Expense Control Situational Factor Dim db strsql rs i Set db DBSituation DBSituation If Data Recordset AbsolutePosition 1 Then Data Recordset MoveLast strsql select from situation factor where sit
6. 69 Comparing Business Factors Name Startine 1 Month 2 Month 2 Month 2 Month Month 8 Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 1 5 1 5 meal_a_day 1 5 1 5 mk_portion 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 mk_share 0 3 0 3 0 432 0 242 Flexibility SaftyStock 1000 1000 1000 1000 LotOrder 2000 2000 2000 2000 Productprice 14 14 11 2 Table 4 10 shows the result of performing the simulation for the first and second months in the game s time with a situational problem and an alternative case The first alternative matching the competitor s price is the best selection in this case according to the earnings of 16 617 67 After analyzing the process the important factors which brought the final result were mainly in market share and monthly expense factors for it generated 43 of market share Compared to the second best number which resulted in 2596 of market share these are significantly different Although the first alternative the best choice did not produce extra expenses like the second and third alternatives it did reduce the pizza price which changed from 14 00 to 11 20 This caused the profit margin to reduce by as much as 1 80 per pizza When simulating the total sale for the restaurant in the second month the first alternative sold 3 925 units which was the second best number This increased the revenue to 43 960 in an environment without any extra expenses The second alternative incre
7. EndProperty DataMember Child EndProperty ItemTypel 4 BeginProperty Iteml 1C13A8E2 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 DataReport 3 Name Text2 Object Left 4464 Object Width 1290 Object Height 285 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11 CE 9DE3 00A4 A004BB 851 Name Arial Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty DataField Amount mm 115 BeginProperty DataFormat 6D835690 900B 11D0 9484 00A0C91110ED Type 1 Format 0 00 0 00 HaveTrueFalseNull 0 FirstDayOfWeek 0 First WeekOfYear 0 LCID 1033 SubFormatType 2 EndProperty DataMember Child EndProperty EndProperty SectionCode4 5 BeginProperty Section4 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Section7 Object Height 288 NumControls 2 ItemTypeO 13 BeginProperty Item0 49FF6930 2B8C 11D1 8DA9 00A0C90FFFC2 Version 393216 Name Function Object Left 5616 Object Width 1584 Object Height 285 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00A A004BB851 Name Arial Size 020 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty DataField Amount BeginProperty DataFormat 6D835690 900B 11D0 9484 00A0C91110ED Type 1 Format 0 00 0 00 HaveTrueFalseNull 0
8. Ibmaterial Caption Str materials Lbcashvar Caption Str Round cash 2 Image Click txtcash sale percentage Text cash sale percentage txtcashsafty Text cashsafty txtcheck sale percentage Text check sale percentage txtcheck transfer period Text check transfer period 82 txtchef Text chef txtchef capability Text chef capability txtcredit transfer period Text credit transfer period txtdelivery capability Text delivery capability txtdelivery man Text delivery man txtequipment Text equipment txtequipment capability Text equipment capability txtinterest Text interest txtLot order Text Lot order txtLot ordercost Text Lot ordercost txtLot orderper Text Order Cost Per Unit txtmaterials Text materials txtmeal a day Text meal a day txtmk portion Text mk portion txtmk share Text mk share txtpizza ingredient Text pizza ingredient txtpopulation Text population txtproduct price Text product price txtsaftystock Text saftystock txtstartcash Text startcash txttimeordermaterial Text timeordermaterial txtwait capability Text waiter capability txtwaiter Text waiter Timer 1 Timer Select Case environment Case 1 If IndustryLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then IndustryLine BorderColor vbRed Else IndustryLine BorderColor vbBlue End If Case 2 If Productline BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then Productline BorderColor vbRed Else Productline Bord
9. Mk demand B The demand of pizza for this company it is generated every simulation day time Business Business day Simulation day Product Pizza on hand OrderCostPer 500 Other expenses for order supply Norder 0 cl number of order Startcash 2000 ch he start cash value starting month Population 30000 ch people demand base meal_a_day 1 5 ch Average meals that a person consuming a day mk_portion ch Pizza market portion among other types restaurant industry mk share 0 3 ch The company market share of all 61 Current Data competitions Demand Flexibility 0 ch The random boundary limitation of random OrderSupply SaftyStock 1000 ch The minimum number of materials before sending order OrderSupply LotOrder M ch Units of material order a time Demand Productprice ch After the first month of running the restaurant simulation the business factors will be changed and saved into the table Then the process will retrieve the data from the table to show in the following report Table 4 2 Table 4 2 1 Month Business Report Income Statement Revenue Sale 54 950 57 54 950 57 Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold 22 000 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 1 962 52 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 44 962 52 Lost Profit 9 983 05 Statement Of Owner s Equity Last month earning 2 000 00 Lost Profit 3 988 05 Current earning 11 988 0
10. Strictly speaking data is the plural of datum a single piece of information In practice however people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word Front end applications The programs that translate source code into object code are often composed of two parts a front end and a back end The front end is responsible for checking syntax and detecting errors whereas the back end performs the actual translation into object code Graphic user interface A program interface that takes advantage of the computer s graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use Well designed graphical user interfaces can free the user from learning complex command languages On the other hand many users find that they work more effectively with a command driven interface especially if they already know the command language Graphical user interfaces such as Microsoft Windows and the one used by the Apple Macintosh feature the following basic components Pointer A symbol that appears on the display screen and that you move to select objects and commands Usually the pointer appears as a small angled arrow Text processing applications however use an I beam pointer that is shaped like a capital I Pointing device A device such as a mouse or trackball that enables you to select objects on the display screen Icons Small pictures that represent commands files or windows By moving the pointer to the icon and pressin
11. FirstDayOfWeek 0 First WeekOfYear 0 LCID 1033 SubFormatType 2 EndProperty DataMember child EndProperty 116 ItemTypel 5 BeginProperty Iteml 1C13A8E3 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Linel Object Width 8352 EndProperty EndProperty SectionCode5 7 BeginProperty Section5 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 DataReport 4 Version 393216 Name Section3 NumControls 0 EndProperty SectionCode6 8 BeginProperty Section6 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Section5 Object Height 2859 NumControls 14 ItemTypeO 3 BeginProperty Item0 1C13A8E1 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Label2 Object Left 432 Object Width 2295 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 9 75 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty Object Caption Lost Profit EndProperty ItemTypel 3 BeginProperty Iteml 1C13A8E1 AO0B6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name GT Object Left 7056 Object Width 1155 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 0O0AA004BB851 117 Name Arial Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty EndProperty ItemTy
12. L 1969 Simulation in business and economics Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall Michael Gonsalves 2000 Profitania Deluxe game review http www gamesdomain com gdreview zones reviews pc dec98 profit html Snyder LT 1996 BUSINESS Strategy Game The Game Simulation amp Gaming 27 4 520 524 Stanislaw H 1986 Test of computer simulation validity Simulation amp Games 17 1 173 191 Rollier b 1992 Observation of a corporate facilitator Simulation amp Game 23 1 442 456 Rick Casteel 2000 Sim City 3000 Christian Computing Magazine http www gospelcom net ccmag game SimCity3000 shtml Teach Richard D 1990 Profits The false prophet in business gaming Simulation amp Gaming 21 1 15 17 Thavikulwat P 1988 Emphasizing different modes of learning through a configurable business simulation game Simulation amp Games 19 408 414 77 Thavikulwat Precha 1996 Activity driven time in computerized game simulations Simulation amp Game 27 1 110 123 Thavikulwat Precha 1991 BUSINESS Computer simulation Simulation amp Game 22 1 350 360 Vince S amp Gray C 1967 Use of a performance evaluation model of research in business gaming Academy of Management Journal 33 1 27 37 Watson H J 1981 Computer simulation in business New York John Wiley amp Sons Webopedia Retrieved October 3 2001 from http www webopedia com TERM G Graphical_User_Interface_GUI html Wol
13. Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty 120 EndProperty ItemTypel2 3 BeginProperty Item12 1C13A8EI AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name LPOEq Object Left 5616 Object Top 1728 Object Width 1155 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty EndProperty ItemTypel3 3 BeginProperty Item13 1C13A8E1 AO0B6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name COEq Object Left 7056 Object Top 2304 Object Width 1155 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False DataReport 7 EndProperty EndProperty EndProperty End 121 Figure A 7 Statements Report Window x DataReport amp E Zoom 100 Income Statement Revenue Sale 54 940 99 54 940 99 Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold 22 000 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 1 962 18 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 44 962 18 Lost Profit 9 978 81 Statement Of Owner s Equity Last month earning 2 000 00 Lost Profit 9 978 81 Current
14. The sales routine generates the amount of total sales every hour in game time The number combines the total sales in the restaurant and the total sales by delivery The first number total sales in the restaurant is calculated within the following conditions Ifthe demand number and quantity of production on hand exceed zero the process continues The second condition checks that if the demand exceeds the production number the process will check the third condition If this is not the case the process will jump to the fourth condition The third condition checks if the product exceeds the service capability which is the number of waiters multiplied by the waiter s ability In the 52 fourth condition if the hour s demand number exceeds the calsale function the value of sale is set to the calsale value or if not the value of sale is set to the hour s demand number After checking the conditions the demand number and quantity of product on hand are reduced by the value of sales yet the revenue is calculated and given to the cash and check value The revenue is the amount resulting from multiplying the units sold and individual pizza price The total sale by delivery element simulates the pizza delivery system The routine generates a random number as a time based on the maximum distance of travel for every delivery person This process is referred to as a shipment of pizza The routine will generate new random
15. recordset moves a position following the buttons as represented above The users can refer to the text box element to know which record they are working The situational content area is composed of six objects five text boxes and a combo box The first text box represents the description of the situation and is located at the top of the window The type of situation identifies a series by a character The character Q represents a situational problem while the character A represents an alternative The schedule frame next to the situation type contains two text boxes month and year These two text boxes are used to get the number of the particular month and year The numbers are used as the timer to match the situational simulation and the restaurant simulation For example if the month and year are the number 2 and 1 then the schedule is set to February of the first year of the restaurant simulation Figure 4 1 The situation impacts the restaurant simulation in that month The last object combo box indicates which external environment group fits to the situation The user can select one environment which is shown in the restaurant simulation model The last text box is an option box This is visible when the series situation type is Q The user can insert text to explain the best answer or alternative for this situation 45 Figure 4 6 Control Situation screen The Economic turn down a I SeriesType jg pS
16. 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Label5 Object Left 1440 Object Top 1728 Object Width 2295 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00A A004BB851 Name Arial Size 9015 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty Object Caption Lost Profit EndProperty ItemType8 3 BeginProperty Item8 1C13A8E1 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Label6 Object Left 1440 119 Object Top 2304 Object Width 2295 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 9 75 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False DataReport 6 EndProperty Object Caption Current earning EndProperty ItemType9 5 BeginProperty Item9 1C13A8E3 AO0B6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Line6 Object Top 2160 Object Width 8355 EndProperty ItemTypel0 5 BeginProperty Item10 1C13A8E3 AOBO6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Line7 Object Top 2736 Object Width 8355 EndProperty ItemTypel1 3 BeginProperty Item11 1C13A8EI AOBO6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name LmOeq Object Left 5616 Object Top 1296 Object Width 1155 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial
17. Else varsale hourly demand End If End If Else varsale 0 End If delivery n checkout delivery n 81 hourly demand hourly demand varsale product on hand product on hand varsale total sale total sale varsale cash cash varsale Product price sale receive cash percentage check receive check receive varsale product price check sale percentage End If Next Transfer credit If credit transfer waiting credit transfer period Then cash cash credit credit 0 credit transfer waiting 0 Else credit transfer waiting credit transfer waiting 1 End If Transfer check If check transfer waiting check transfer period Then Cash Cash Check Receive Check Receive 0 check transfer waiting 0 Else check transfer waiting check transfer waiting 1 End If Order Materials If materials lt safety stock hen If time order material lt gt time order material wait Then Time order material wait time order material wait 1 Else materials materials Lot order cash cash Lot ordercost Order Cost Per Unit norder norder 1 time order material wait 0 End If End If Show Data Lbdayvar Caption Str business day Lbmonthvar Caption Str business month lbyearvar Caption Str business year Ibsalevar Caption Str Round Total sale 0 Ibproductvar Caption Str Round Product 2 LbDemandVar Caption Str Round MK H demand 0
18. Of Owner s Equity Last month earning 11 938 05 Lost Profit 365 40 Current earning 12 353 45 The last alternative thinks that the restaurant s situation is good enough to not act at in this time The percentage of demand decreasing is so small that it cannot affect the profit The production and selling factors are also strong and stable creating the possibility of obtaining the similar profit as the previous month Table 4 9 Report of Alternative 4 in 2nd Month 67 Income Statement Revenue Sale 42 003 10 ee 7 MIB LI cm Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold 15 500 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 1 500 11 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 FEES x ee LL IA ROS PES lost Proft 39299 Statement Of Owner s Equity Last month earning 11 988 05 Lost Profit 3 002 99 Current earning 14 991 04 With the result of each alternative the values of the business factors differed greatly after changing The following spreadsheet shows how the varying alternatives impact each factor in the business in order to easily compare them 4 3 3 Comparing results of running simulation The bold characters emphasize the factors that have been changed by the chosen alternative Table 4 10 Comparing Factors Alternatives Comparing Business Factors A 2 Month 2 Month st Max_delivery_time 3 3 3 3 Gametime 3 3 3 3 MK_H_demand 0 0 0 0 Timeordermaterialwait O
19. Simulation Modules Process Item Codes Form Load If business month 1 0 Then sqlstr Select from situation where situation month amp business month 1 amp and situation year amp business year amp Set rs Execute sqlstr base on DBSituation If rs end of file True Or rs before of file True Then Show rs Fields Situation answer End If End If sqlstr Select from situation where situation month amp business month amp and situation year amp business year amp 86 Set rs Execute sqlstr base on DBSituation Do While Not rs end of file If rs Fields Situation type Q Then Set objControl Controls Add VB Label obj CStr rs Fields number Set ObjControl Visible is true objControl Top 255 i objControl Left 500 countword Len rs Fields situationdetail objControl Width 5000 objControl Height 255 Round countword 70 0 1 i 1 Round countword 70 0 2 objControl Caption rs Fields situationdetail Select Case rs Fields situation env Case Industry Competition environment 1 Case Production Input environment 2 Case Economic environment 3 Case Technology environment 4 Case Political environment 4 Case Legal environment 6 Case Social culture environment 7 Case Else environment 0 End Select End If If rs Fields Situation type A Then Set objControl Controls Add V B opti
20. a pizza Production chef_capability 10 ch Performance of Chef producing Pizzas per hr per person Sale Restaurant f cl The number of restaurant CashRecieve CheckRecieve 0 cl Value of total check received CashRecieve Credit 0 cl Total credit value in business CashRecieve Cash 2000 cl Cash on hand Current ECTS Event Production Product OrderSupply Sale Time Time Time Time Time Time Product Demand Demand Demand Demand 60 yen nun us Tou on hand equipment capability 40 ch Capability of equipment producing pizzas per hr per machine TimeOrderMaterial ch The period to order material check Sie po ch Percentage of sale to check cash sale percentage ch Percentage of sale to cash check transfer period 5 ch The number of a period transferring check to cash Cashsafty 2000 ch Minimum allowable cash on hand Creditlimited 100000 cl Limited of credit value or game over time run Overtime 60 cl Days allowing to have maximum credit or game over credit_transfer_period 15 ch he number of period paying credit Interest 0 5 ch the interest add to credit when pay it late Totalsale 0 cl Total sale of pizzas in a month Business_month 1 cl simulation month Business_year 1 cl simulation year Varsale 0 cl Temporary number accumulate sale number a day aes 5000 o A materials cost per order Note a Amount of monthly expense Business hr hr Simulation hours
21. amp ComboFactor Text amp db Execute strsql End If Edit Situational Expense frmExpense Show frmExpense ZOrder frmExpense Caption Update Expense If Caption Update Expense Then If frmSeries ListExpense ListIndex lt gt 1 Then frmSeries ListExpense Removeltem frmSeries ListExpense ListIndex frmSeries ListExpense AddItem txtDetail Text txtvalue Text ComboFactor Text Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql INSERT INTO situation expense situation number Detail Amount base values amp frmSeries Data Recordset situation number amp amp txtDetail Text amp s amp txtvalue Text amp amp ComboFactor Text amp db Execute strsql db Refresh Else MsgBox Please select factor End If End If Delete Situational Expense frmExpense Show frmExpense ZOrder frmExpense Caption Delete Expense If Caption Delete Expense Then If frmSeries ListExpense ListIndex lt gt 1 Then frmSeries ListExpense Removeltem frmSeries ListExpense ListIndex Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql Delete from situation Expense where situation number amp 129 frmSeries Data Recordset number amp and Base amp ComboFactor Text amp and Detail amp txtDetail Text amp and Amount amp txtvalue Text amp Set rs db Execute strsql Else MsgBox Please select factor End If End If Graphic
22. and Statement of Owner s Equity The process begins with checking account statements It retrieves data from tables and separates them into revenue and expense group The SaveData will be called to update the CurrentData table as described earlier in this chapter The GetMonthlyExpense sub module then is called to collect expenses data and calculate the total expense The total expense is subtracted to the cash value given the current cash value The closing report module will bring up the business situation window 4 2 1 4 Business Situation and Alternatives The last group is composed of six modules five of which are object event The first module Form_Load is called when the window is active The second Form_Unload is called when window is closed The third module 55 Command1_ Click is in the confirm button and the module will be called when the user clicks the button The forth module VScrolll Change is the display controller on the screen for there are times when the user changes the scroll bar s position if the detail is larger than the window size The last object event module VScrolll Scroll is called when the mouse is used to control the scroll bar on the window The last module the user module deals with changing data in the tables The module will locate the factors in the CurrentData table which match the selected alternative and change their values The Form Load mo
23. business model The last modules and functional modules support the main four modules as shown in the diagram The initialize module first generates a daily customer demand There are four factors that impact the demand value The company demand is calculated by multiplying the population the meals consumed per day the market portion and the market share The timer routine simulates the restaurant operation tasks in the game time It uses the gametime parameter to check with the timer s clock When the condition is true meaning that the two are equal the process will recount the business time factors Then 51 the timer will check condition of the business time factors which are business hours business day business month and business_year Hours The hourly routine contains production tasks sales and delivery tasks and check cash status tasks Because tasks in this section are very detailed they will be represented as a sum a The production routine begins with checking the hourly demand and the amount of product on hand If the demand exceeds the product on hand then the materials of operation are checked The production process will be performed only if there are enough materials The production is calculated as the amount of pizzas produced in that hour Four factors are formulated to the following mathematic function chef x chef s _ ability machine x machine capacity b
24. for this simulation These are shown in the appendix The second part of the game the situational simulation is designed using the data oriented concept This emphasizes on design control human interfaces and a reconfirmed database definition Because the data flow diagram in the second is dependent the structure to control the process is a matrix process using the same level not the sequence process or the human interface The human interface is the groups of graphic interfaces which are designed on the screen and based on developing software The processes algorithm and graphic interfaces are also attached in appendix section 33 Software Requirement After the game system is identified in detail as the analysis and design parts the application s requirements are determined Visual Basic version 6 VB is selected which is the developing software tool for creating the game The features of the VB are as follows 1 easy to create graphic user interfaces 2 ability to use SQL command to access database 3 ability to create object oriented interface and 4 computable to almost all computers in the world The game uses Microsoft Access for storing data element in its tables The last requirement obviously is a Microsoft Windows operating system The requirements are fit to the game system and are easy to maintain Game Validity The game s validity is concerned with the standard business concepts that constitute the class s b
25. people who developed and implemented the computer technology I would specially like to thank to my parents who have been supporting me all the time I would like to thank all my friends who encourage and assist me to finish the research specially for Poy and Pooh lv Table of Contents THE DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATIONAL SIMULATION eee i ABSTRACT sea e ben a tied bri stb Pre eee eens i AUKNOWLBDGEMBNTS 4 ttt PS PON pps itte pqe iii Table or COMES e o a a aa ae a iv Distok FITUES ee eco a O N A vi Listo Ta a iS Aaa vil CHAPTER I os eet Mad aa M M 1 OVETVIEW A eS 1 Need Tor the Study 1455s asia He a a a 4 Statement of the Problem sen Nik 4 Resarch Objects Keen ee mE 5 LAN ADS coda evitar aqu iat esed d E MI 3 Definitiomot Terms Assassin 7 CHAPTER Bicis dada dicet dedii es 14 History of the Simulation Game hell 14 Existing Games m the Markets eae tei ra ei ease rare 15 STC UY 15 Prohtania Delure ul 16 The Business Stratesy el heal e po eodd tacui 17 The Restaurant Gamer O 19 Conclusion of games fevie Wed ue een a 23 Complexity of Simulation Game cuerno pd 23 Other Views of Simulation Gamer o scapes ek 26 CHAPTER ASA AAA T Lo 28 Game Concept as tee sci hass EG MR RAN RR daa OR EDU EAR islas 28 Development of the Simulation Game seen 30 JT VIS ss scan tu tiit Pom tus iet e Siue he Oe tete Pedo ee e eo ate ae biais 30 A ot atate se totu
26. possibly adapt their strategies to meet evolving market conditions Competition is important aspect of the game The mini monopolies situation may be built in with too few players On the other hand with too many players there is insufficient time to auction off enough goods so all players can form complete menus Following are environments that needs to be concerned with 1 The optimal number of players 2 The inventory with the planned menu offerings 3 Money balance 4 Competitors bidders in the market and the prices offered 5 Actually doing the bidding The teams auction allows student to focus on a single event of process in a dynamic environment Each bid sheet shows to the instructor the items listed in the 21 menus and materials required to make them The bid runs continuously until the companies run out of money and the bid sheet will give the number of raw materials available in the market Once the auction begins it is possible to achieve this rate without difficulty The speed at which the auction runs is one of the more important factors in the game It is the responsibility of the instructor to conduct the auction at a brisk pace Toward the end of the auction it is possible that some players will have exhausted their budgets This could result in a single bidder buying large quantities of goods at extremely low prices In this situation the auctioneer can set a minimum bid of 50 or 100 per lot of goods to p
27. the folder that contains the application for example checking on c Program Files The Situational Simulation The original base mdb file will be included in the installed CD 2 Go to Window Start bar Programs and The Situational Simulation 3 Run The Simulation Game The user can use the recordset object go to any situation record and follow the controlling situation direction Controlling Situation Create Situation 1 Click Add button on the bottom of the window to add the new record situation s record 2 Add data into the text boxes 3 Insert data on the window and click Update button on the bottom of the window Update Situation 1 Go to the record that you want to change the data 2 Go to a text box area to change data 3 Click Update button on the button of the window Delete Situation 1 Go to the record that you want to delete 2 Click Delete button on the button of the window Create Factor in The Situation 1 Inthe factor section Click the Add factor 2 After Insert Factor window pop upped Insert the data to text boxes 3 Click OK to confirm the inserted data or Cancel to not save the data Update Factor in The Situation 1 Select the factor item in the factor list box that you want to edit data 2 In the factor section click the Update factor 3 After Update Factor window pop upped edit the data on the window 4 Click
28. time for that delivery person everyday In the delivery process the amount of sales will be calculated much like the selling of pizza in the restaurant process but instead it replaces the calculated sale function with the delivery capability factor c The last task in the hourly routine is the checking cash status This small code contains a condition statement for when the cash number is less than zero This will allow a process to borrow money and add that amount to the credit balance and the cash number The amount is dependent upon minimum cash policy for this company which is called cashsafty Day 53 There are four tasks in the daily routine These four tasks are involved in the daily operation some of which have trigger factors for checking the days to run the tasks Month a The first task generates the demand number by calling the generated_day_demand module as describe earlier b The second task cashes checks For the restaurant business when pizzas are sold the restaurant may sometimes receive checks There is a policy in the business for when checks will be changed to cash c The third task is the restaurant s debt payment The restaurant also has a policy dictating schedule for paying the restaurant s debt The process will check if the company has cash on hand enough to pay the debt If there is enough the cash will be reduced by the amount of debt and the debt number will be set to zero I
29. 0 0 2 IName 2 Month Month Alternative 3 Alternative 4 3 3 68 Comparing Business Factors Brig Nona Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 check_transfer_waiting 5 5 5 credit transfer waiting 0 14 11 11 11 11 Chef 2 2 2 2 2 2 Waiter 1 1 1 1 1 1 delivery_man 2 2 waiter_capability 11 10 delivery_capability 11 10 Business_time 8 8 PriceBase 14 Equipment 1 pizza_ingredient 2 chef_capability 11 10 Restaurant 1 CheckRecieve 5962 86 4573 80 4768 24 4309 2 Credit 0 0 0 0 Cash 2000 11988 10654 81 11815 12 7585 211 10681 84 Materials 1000 1100 1100 720 500 1100 Equipment capability 40 40 TimeOrderMaterial 2 2 check sale percentage 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 Cash sale percentage 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 check transfer period 5 Cashsafty 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 creditlimited 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 Overtime 60 60 credit_transfer_period 15 15 15 15 Interest 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 Totalsale 04 4965 38 3177 84 3292 64 3000 22 business month 1 3 3 3 3 business_year 1 1 1 1 Varsale 7 89 10 0 77 5 20 1 81 Lotordercost em 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 MonthExpense T 69 en 52 64 22500 11 business_hr 0 Mk_demand 194 4 108 9 113 53 102 6 business_day 1 Product 34 96 69 5743 47 11 42 32 34 74 OrderCostPer 500 500 500 500 500 500 Norder 5 3 3 3 Startcash Earning 2 000 11 988 16 617 67 16 388 92 12 353 45 14 991 04 Population 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
30. 0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 DataReport 2 Version 393216 Name Section6 Object Height 300 NumControls 1 ItemType0 4 BeginProperty Item0 1C13A8E2 A0B6 11D0 848E O0A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name LrpTopic Object Left 864 Object Width 2880 Object Height 285 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 9 75 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty DataField TopicGroup BeginProperty DataFormat 6D835690 900B 11D0 9484 00A0C91110ED Type 0 Format HaveTrueFalseNull 0 FirstDayOfWeek 0 FirstWeekOfY ear 0 LCID 1033 SubFormatType 0 EndProperty EndProperty EndProperty SectionCode3 4 BeginProperty Section3 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Section Object Height 288 NumControls 2 mm 114 ItemTypeO 4 BeginProperty Item0 1C13A8E2 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Text1 Object Left 1440 Object Width 2160 Object Height 288 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 8 25 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty DataField Name BeginProperty DataFormat 6D835690 900B 11D0 9484 00A0C91110ED Type 0 Format HaveTrueFalseNull 0 FirstDayOfWeek 0 First WeekOfYear 0 LCID 1033 SubFormatType 0
31. 1 Double click on CD drive where The Simulation Game s CD has been inserted 2 Double click on the folder The Simulation Game 3 Run Setup exe file double click on Setup exe Running the Simulation Game 1 Before playing make sure that you copy base mdb from an instructor to the folder that contains the game application for example checking on c Program Files The Simulation Game The original base mdb file will be included in the installed CD 2 Go to Window Start bar Programs and The Simulation Game Run The Simulation Game 4 Wait for the simulation game routine run for a month and get the monthly report and situational simulation for next month 5 Select the base alternative for next month situation and close the situation window to continuously run the game The goal of the game is the make a managerial knowledge to select the base alternative for each month situation Tip of playing the simulation game is to click on the CATscanner model s internal environment and observes the factors variables 148 Table A 28 Instructor Manual Instructors Install 1 Double click on CD drive where The Simulation Game s CD has been inserted 2 Double click on the folder The Situational Simulation 3 Run Setup exe file double click on Setup exe Running the Situational Simulation 1 Before running make sure that you have base mdb on
32. 5 62 The first month of simulation shows that the company has 9 988 05 profit excluding the effect of a situational problem The report uses the business factors in Table 4 1 to run the simulation s process The Statement of Owner s Equity shows the new total earning which is the amount of the previously accumulated earning and this month s profit It shows that the company s current earning is 11 988 05 4 3 2 Situations at the End of the First Month Suppose that the restaurant operation is faced with a new competition which drops their pizza price by 20 This situation decreases the original business s market share by 20 There are the following four alternatives for this situation The restaurant could match the competition s price In this case the price will be dropped by 20 The new price may interest people and stimulate the market share raising it 40 among its competitors Table 4 3 Factor Impact Case 1 Situational Factor Mathematic Function Product price Product price Product price 0 8 Market Share market share Market share 1 8 63 Table 4 4 Report of Alternativel in 2 Month Income Statement Revenue Sale 55 612 31 55 612 31 Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold 27 500 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 2 482 69 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 50 982 69 Lost Profit 4 629 62 Statement Of Owner s Equity L
33. 7 Figure 4 1 CATscanner Screen Business External Environments Financial Status 38 The business s factors form Figure 4 2 contains the factors names and values so the user can monitor the information concerning the restaurant s operation The factors names are in a gray colored box but the factors values are in a white colored box The factors are divided into five sections as shown on the Figure 4 2 The screen is shown when the user clicks the mouse on the business s internal area of CATscanner screen Figure 4 2 Monitoring Factor screen w Monitoring factors N loj x Sale Marketing Demand population delivery capability Productprice check_sale_percentage cash_sale_percentage r Financial equipment_capability pizza_ingredient materials Purchase materials Lotorder Lotordercost o tderCostPer TimeOrderMaterial The data report as shown in Figure 4 3 consists of two account statements the Income Statement and the Statement of Owner s Equity This report is automatically shown at the end of each month The Income Statement carries sale revenue and cost expenses A section line partitions the revenue and cost expenses The numbers are the result of revenue the amount of total sale and the following expense items 1 Cost of goods sold is the same as the cost of ordered materials 39 2 Depreciation i
34. 7 3 Figure 4 2 Monitoring Factor screen uuurssssnnerssnnnneerssnnnnnersennnnnen sensor ernennen 38 4 Figure 4 3 Monthly Report sereen nu ea 40 5 Figure 4 4 Situational Decision screen uueeessnnnersssnnnnerssnnnnnenssnnnnneneennnnnen sense 41 6 Pigure43 Main Menu Screens Eee 42 7 Figure 6 Control Sitwationseren a a 45 8 Figure 4 7 Insert Factor Screen did al 46 9 Figure 4 8 Update Expense screen ae 47 IO Figure 4 9 The Simulation Game Process ier e instalara ee oen ino redet 47 11 Figure 4 10 Database Class Object nase a A A das 48 12 Figure 4 12 Case Study Process 22 lero te te pter acest f bis 58 13 Figure A 1 Data Flow Diagram 5 0265 etes ete teret aee densa t eda nds es aei ed Va dee 78 14 Figure A 2 A Restaurant Process Business Simulation Structure Chart 79 15 Figure 4 3 Report Process Structure Chart east 83 16 Figure A 4 Situation Simulation Process eese eene 85 17 Figure NO CATscanner Model uio le 97 18 Figure A 6 Monitoring Factor Window uuuseesssnnnneesssnnnnenssnnnnnensennnnnennennnnnnnen 110 19 Figure A 7 Statements Report Window cccsssssersscccressssrssssnnececerssseerssanensees I2T 20 Figure A 8 Situation Window eese eerie eeen eee eene enin nonne ee tetas n nonae e 123 21 Figure A 9 Situation Simulation Data Flow Diagram eene 124 22 Figure A 10 Situation Series Window ees
35. Graphical Interface of Instructor Model The second part of the game is designed for the instructor of a business class The main objective in this part is to create a situational simulation and its alternatives which impacted the restaurant simulation the first part of the game There were two areas in which the situation can change the model s data the first area is in the business factors and the second area is in the business expenses A situation and its alternatives can have many influences in those areas The task of an instructor is to come up with a reasonable series of situations and its alternatives All situational problems and alternatives impact business factors and expenses When this paper refers to a situation it means a situational problem of the business The alternatives obviously are the solutions of the problem A 42 series refers to a group of situations which comprise a problem situation and its alternative grouping by the same numbers of month and year The task of creating a situational simulation is completed in four GUIs The first GUI is called the Multiform Document Interface MDDI it contains other windows it and has menu items that control each of those inside The second GUI is the main situation control This window is used to control the situation series and the two object interfaces in that main window which related to the factor and expense windows The first window contains the menu bar object The users
36. OK to confirm updating or Cancel to not save the data Delete Factor in The Situation 1 Select the factor item in the factor list box that you want to delete 2 In the factor section click the Delete factor 149 3 Click OK to confirm deleting or Cancel to not delete To control factors make sure that you are on the correct situation record that you want to work with Create Expense in The Situation 1 In the expense section Click the Add expense 2 After Insert Expense window pop upped Insert the data to text boxes 3 Click OK to confirm the inserted data or Cancel to not save the data Update Expense in The Situation 1 Select the expense item in the expense list box that you want to edit data 2 In the expense section click the Update expense 3 After Update Expense window pop upped edit the data on the window 4 Click OK to confirm updating or Cancel to not save the data Delete Expense in The Situation 1 Select the expense item in the factor list box that you want to delete 2 In the expense section click the Delete expense 3 Click OK to confirm deleting or Cancel to not delete To control expense make sure that you are on the correct situation record that you want to work with After creating the situations and saving them on the database make sure to check the reasonable answer and send the base mdb to student
37. Running Situational Simulation Because the situational simulation s tasks are to generate and to organize a business situation which will impact business factors and expenses the modules are involved in data access control This part of the game allows the user to insert delete and update data in the main three tables the situation table the situation related factors table and the situation related expenses table The tasks in the GUIs are mainly object event modules These will be divided into five groups in the following the next paragraphs The first group of modules will setup the application variables The tasks of these modules load records from the database s three tables to recordset variables In general the modules create database objects in the computer memory as db and then refer to table in the database as rs The recordset object is built in includes some functions to manage its records The user can control the situational record by the recordset object The object contains graphic control elements The process will automatically move the record to where the user commands wants it to be and set other objects value properties which will map the data field to the recordset The movements of a record can be divided to four types move first move previous move next and move last After moving the record position the Data_Reposition module is called This module will reload the factor and expense items which
38. StartUpPosition 3 Windows Default ExtentX 19129 ExtentY 12303 Version 393216 DesignerVersion 100685828 ReportWidth 8775 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 8 25 112 Charset 0 Weight 400 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty GridX 10 GridY 10 LeftMargin 1440 RightMargin 1440 TopMargin 1000 BottomMargin 1140 NumSections 7 SectionCode0 1 BeginProperty Section0 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Section4 NumControls 0 EndProperty SectionCodel 2 BeginProperty Section 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Section2 Object Height 555 NumControls 2 ItemTypeO 3 BeginProperty Item0 1C13A8E1 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Labell Object Left 2592 Object Width 3312 Object Height 432 BeginProperty Font 0BE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 18 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty Object Caption Income Statement EndProperty ItemTypel 5 BeginProperty Iteml 1C13A8E3 AO0B6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 113 Name Line3 Object Top 432 Object Width 8352 EndProperty EndProperty SectionCode2 3 BeginProperty Section2 1C13A8E0 AOB6 11D
39. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATIONAL SIMULATION GAME PROGRAMMING by Jaturon Jintanawan A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Management Technology Approved 3 Semester Credits Thesis Advisor Kevin McDonald M S Associated Professor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin Stout December 2001 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin Stout Menomonie WI 54751 ABSTRACT Jintanawan Jaturon Writer Last Name First Initial The Development of Situational Simulation Game Programming Title Management of Technology Kevin McDonald December 2001 150 Graduate Major Research Advisor Month Year No of Pages American Psychological Association APA Publication Manual Fifth Edition Name of Style Manual Used in this Study According to Professor Kevin McDonald at UW STOUT the students in introductory level business classes need a tool to encourage them to understand business concepts In satisfying the need of the students the computer games are recognized as an possible alternative However the computer games available are unsuitable for elementary level courses the existing games aim at a high level of understanding of business concepts This study will develop a computerized game to fulfill the needs of professors and students in the low level business courses The research focuses on adapting the CATscanner model the cla
40. TO situation factor situation number var name operator var num values amp frmSeries Data Recordset situation number amp amp ComboFactor Text amp amp ComboListOp Text 0 amp txtvalue Text amp db Execute strsql db Refresh Else MsgBox Please select factor End If End If Delete Situational Factor frmFactors Show frmFactors ZOrder frmFactors Caption Delete Factor If Caption Delete Factor Then If frmSeries ListofFactors ListIndex lt gt 1 Then frmSeries ListofFactors Removeltem frmSeries ListofFactors ListIndex Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql Delete from situation factor where situation number amp frmSeries Data Recordset situation number amp and var name amp ComboFactor Text amp and operator amp ComboListOp Text amp and var num amp txtvalue Text amp Set rs db Execute strsql Else MsgBox Please select factor End If End If 128 Add Situational Expense frmExpense Show frmExpense ZOrder frmExpense Caption Insert Expense If Caption Insert Expense Then frmSeries ListExpense AddItem txtDetail Text txtvalue Text ComboFactor Text Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql INSERT INTO situation expense situation number Detail Amount base values amp frmSeries Data Recordset number amp amp txtDetail Text amp amp txtvalue Text amp
41. User Interfaces Table A 13 Situational Series Window 1 The gray color area in number and 10 contain situation series fields 2 The green color area contain situational factor and object interfaces control 3 The yellow color area contain situational expense and object interface control 4 The white color area are the situational series record control and object interfaces 130 control The first area is consisted of text box and combo boxes that are the details of situational series The second area is consisted of 2 as a list box 3 4 and 5 as the button box The third area is consisted of 6 as a list box 7 8 and 9 as the button box The last area is consisted of record control object and button boxes Table A 14 Object Script and properties VERSION 5 00 Begin VB Form frmSeries BorderStyle 1 Fixed Single Caption Series ClientHeight 8805 ClientLeft 1860 ClientTop 1665 ClientWidth 6675 ControlBox 0 alse Link Topic Form MaxButton 0 alse MDIChild 1 True MinButton 0 False ScaleHeight 8805 ScaleWidth 6675 Begin VB Frame Frame3 Caption Answer Height 975 Left 0 TabIndex 27 Top 7080 Width E Begin VB TextBox txtAnswer DataField situation answer DataSource Data Height 615 Left 7 120 TabIndex H Top 240 Width 6135 End 134 Begin VB TextBox
42. ains the number of cash on the first day of that month the period to cash check the period to transaction credit interest and minimum cash on hand policy Table A 7 Object Script and properties Form 1 VERSION 5 00 Begin VB Form Forml Caption Monitoring factors ClientHeight 4875 ClientLeft 60 ClientTop 345 ClientWidth 5655 LinkTopic Form ScaleHeight 4875 ScaleWidth 5655 StartUpPosition 3 Windows Default Begin VB Frame Frame4 Caption Financial Height 1575 Left 2760 TabIndex 8 Figure A 6 Monitoring Factor Window is Monitoring factors loj x Sale Marketing delivery capability Productprice check sale percentage cash sale percentage pizza ingredient terials cashsafety I obomemrost 1 Ieee er er 110 111 Table A 8 Report statements 1 Green color area is monthly income statement 2 Blue color is Statement of Owner Equity The first statement contains revenue item and expense items form business operation the different of those summation will show net profit or net loss The second statement contains retain earning number the restaurant Table A 9 Object script and properties DataReport 1 VERSION 5 00 Begin 78E93846 85FD 11D0 8487 00A0C90DC8A9 DataReport Caption DataReport ClientHeight 6975 ClientLeft 165 ClientTop 450 ClientWidth 10845
43. aphical location of team members to be an overriding power when working with part time MBA students primarily to facilitate meetings With e mail and fax availability they had found 24 that to be unnecessary Gentry 1980 Lucas 1979 Wolfe and Chacko 1983 Another point relating to term is cohesiveness versus team conflict Gentry 1980 concluded that larger teams experienced higher levels of conflict Rollier 1992 concluded that the small portion of time advances was optimal in total enterprise simulation over entire duration Time could be fixed or flexibly scaled synchronized or unsynchronized among participants and driven either by the administrator the participants the clock or the level of activity Flexible scaling allows participants to select the length of successively shackled periods or to independently complete specific decision rules that are effective over any interval Synchronization affects interrelationship among participants Gaming simulations with independent decision making by participants are typically unsynchronized On the other hand dependent decisions made by participants are typically synchronized The participant with more experience may have a competitive advantage the reality of business An administrator driven simulation inconveniently requires the administrator to gather and run participants decisions leaving to the simulating program the simple task of assimilating interdependent decisions Acc
44. arketportion Clear value of variable Total Hour demand For loop of business hour time Set array demand in hour random number Total_hour_demand gt Hrdemand n n numberofbu sin esswork Next business hour time Produce Product Check if hour demand gt product on hand Check if material gt ingredientused x productionability Add product on hand Cut materials used Sale and Delivery Check if still having demand and product on hand 1 Check if Demand 2 Productonhand 2 80 Check if Product gt waiters ability Then 3 Add waiters ability to variable varsale Else if 3 Add product on hand to variable varsale End If 3 Else if 2 Check if hr demand gt waiters ability 4 Add waiters ability to variable varsale Else if 4 Add hr demand to variable varsale End If 4 End If 2 Else if 1 varsale 0 End if 1 Set update demand Set update product on hand Set update total products sold Set update cash Set update credit For number of delivery man loop Check if delivery finished Next For n 1 To number of delivery people If delivery n business hours Then If hourly demand gt 0 And product on hand gt 0 Then If hourly demand gt product on hand Then If product on hand gt delivery capability Then varsale delivery capability Else varsale product on hand End If Else If hourly demand gt delivery capability Then varsale delivery capability
45. asing the productivity came up with the second best solution It generated 16 388 92 in earning for the restaurant Because the productivity and quality increased it brought the market share up to 2596 The idea of gain sharing to increase productivity and quality that results in increasing the market share is an 70 excellent idea but because of the aggressive competitor action of the competitor in this case the second alternative may not be strong enough to compete in the market The third alternative using advertising strategy did not fit for this situation The cost of advertising was so high that it greatly affected expenses increasing to 29 231 Although the market share in this case was the second best number it was the worst solution generating only 12 353 of total earning The last alternative which chose do nothing did not generate expenses but the market share was impacted and declined to 22 8 This number was the only factor effected earning 14 991 for the company The simulation change depends on the alternative selected The business factors realistically relate these decisions 71 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This final chapter includes the conclusions and recommendations of this study In this chapter the objectives will be addressed and compared with the results of the study Recommendations for instructors and students are made The chapter will conclude by discussing recommendations f
46. ast month earning 11 938 05 Lost Profit 4 625 62 Current earning 16 617 67 The restaurant realizes that though the demand factor is important the production capability does still not meet the current demand and the price of pizza is more important than the demand number influencing the profit Therefore the restaurant should increase productivity and quality of the product This alternative will impact the delivery capability and production capability The reward of increasing capability will approximately be returned to employee as 10 of their salary This amount will be added to the salary expense in the report The consequence of this alternative is that it will stimulate the market share to increase by 0 66 The following Table 4 5 is the details of factors and mathematical functions Table 4 5 Factor Impact Case 2 64 Situational Factor Mathematic Function Delivery Capability delivery_capability delivery_capability 1 10 Equipment Capability equipment_capability equipment_capability 1 10 Chef Capability chef_capability chef_capability 1 10 Waiter Capability waiter_capability waiter_capability 1 10 Market Share market share market share 0 002 Salary Expense salary expense salary expense deliveryman 200 salary expense salary expense chef 200 salary expense salary expense waiter 200 After the use chooses this alternative the report will be set in the following
47. atical functions and was the significant step to implementing the game Recommendations As the simulation game will be used in a business class the participants of the game of course are instructors and students Recommendations for the two groups are as follows Recommendation for instructors 1 The instructors should carefully read the game instructions to make certain that the game process and the relations of business factors are understood Only one inputting mistake can generate incorrect report statements which affect the given concept s interpretation 2 The instructors should test all the alternatives and situations in the restaurant simulation to make appropriate recommendations The recommendations will be inputted in the situational simulation window This will also be given to students after they run the restaurant simulation and have received the monthly report 73 The instructors should use Chapter 4 to set the business factors and mathematical functions After the students have played the simulation game the case study from the game could be discussed to review a business concepts Recommendation for students 1 They need to read the restaurant simulation process in Chapter 4 to understand the varying operations This can assist in determining the best answer to the problem They should discuss the problems with other students to make sure decision regarding the alternative situations It is necessa
48. can easily choose the menu item to do what they want to do by controlling the child windows The child windows are other three windows main control situation related factors and situation related to expenses They are loaded into the MDI window following the menu item s action There are three items to control in each window and all sub items in the menu are the same The sub items consist of insert update and delete The action of the main s sub item acts according to the word in its area For instance the sub item series inserts new record to a series situation table Figure 4 5 Main Menu screen 43 AE Series Factors Expenses The main control window is added to the MDI window when the program started This window includes four control areas which are recordset control situational contents control situation related to factors control and situation related to expenses control Recordset is referred to as a pointer in the table s record of the database which is an index of table s column The recordset control has five object interface elements 1 Button I lt represents the first record 2 Button lt represents previous record 3 Text box represents the current record as a number out of the total number of records 4 Button gt represents next record 5 Button gt represent the last record 44 When the user clicks on the buttons the
49. cesses for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps for example a full statement of arithmetic procedure for evaluating cosine x to stated precision Contrast with heuristic Application program A program that helps the user accomplish a specific task for example a word processing program a spreadsheet program or an FTP client Application programs should be distinguished from system programs which control the computer and run those application programs and utilities which are small assistance programs Argument A value that is passed to a program subroutine procedure or function by the calling program one of the independent variables that determine the output Database The collection of all data used and produced by a computer program In large systems data base analysis is usually concerned with large quantities of data stored in disk and tape files Smaller microcomputer systems are more frequently concerned with data base allocations of available memory locations between the program and data storage areas Also called data bank Data Flow Diagram Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way All software is divided into two general categories data and programs Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory or as facts stored in a person s mind
50. chedule External Environment Economic y Month 2 Year i Factors population 500 mk share 95 Add Factor Update Factor Delete Factor Cost more for sale 0 03 totalsale Cost more for sale 5 OrderCostPer Add Expense Update Expense Delete Expense 14 4 5eres 1 y Pj Add Update Delete Refresh Close The next area is the situation related to factors This area enables the user to add factors that are impacted by the situation and determine how it will be impacted As mentioned earlier a situation can have many impact s factors The three buttons in this area will control those factors in the situation by inserting updating and deleting After pressing the buttons the factor window will operate The last area in the main situation window deals with situation related expenses This area has the same structure as the 46 situation related factor area There is one list box to monitor expense items and three button boxes to control it The following Figure 4 7 is the situational factor form The title of this window will tell whether it is in an insertion update or deletion The user may opt to set the factor in the first combo box When the user selects the factor the textbox down below will show the details illustrating what the function of the factor is The second combo contains the operational symbols for a mathematic operation It is available for the user to select as well The tex
51. contain codes called the button click module As mention earlier in chapter 4 section 1 the game s processes are divided into two parts 4 2 1 Running Restaurant Simulation The process of the first part is shown in Figure 4 9 The square symbol represents the programming modules grouped by their interface object The arrow links between modules This part starts with the main module followed by the simulation of the restaurant operation the business report and the business situation Figure 4 9 The Simulation Game Process Main Restaurant Business Ra gt Ra mE Me Report Situation 48 4 2 1 1 Main Modules The main modules includes the Getfactors sub module the Savedata sub module and the getmonthlyexpense sub module The main module contains two tasks Before this can be explained the process of initiating data variable must be described The business factors used in the program s modules are declared with the same structure The object variables constructed by the class object is shown in the Figure 4 10 Figure 4 10 Database Class Object lol File Edit View Help ela ei s B e amp lale Classes Properties Methods Events All ON Name patatype Arguments Prop Declaration KA Clsvar ES Desc Variant Get Let Set ES mvarDesc Variant Var ES mvarvalue Variant Var ES value Variant Get Let Set The class object consists of two propert
52. ded a be ea ae ee 31 SOM Ware Requirements iii 33 Game Validity siii nda EUER AREE CERE UAR XOT sa cians sn u 23 CHAPTER Acs Seesen a Mad DE reos UR 34 RESULTS AND FINDINGS i ie tot Poetis ieh 34 Outlook OF Game sie ke hin ah a 34 Graphical Interface of Simulation Game eese 35 Graphical Interface of Instructor Model esee 41 Running Simulation Game ido dolina 47 Running Restaurant Simulation euere hs 47 Main M dules u 48 Restaurant oia AA Reese 49 Restaurant Operation Monthly Repott 2222224sssnseenessssennnnnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnn 54 Business Situation and Alternatives oooooocccccncccnnoooonnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanannnnnnos 54 Running Situational Simulation 22224244400eessnnnnnnnnnnnnnsssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenn 56 Simulation Study Lausana 58 Beginning Simulation 4 estere tirar tet eode e ERR EAR EE e EE IR Ta ERU n SERE ERR 59 Situations at the End of the First MonNth oooooocccccccnnonononaccnoconononananannnnnnnncnnnnnannnnnnos 62 Comparing results of running simulation oocnnnnnocccnonocnnonnnonnnnnononcnonnnnnnnnnn nana ncnnnns 67 CHAPTER eisen 71 CONCA ars 71 Recommendations anreisen 12 Recommendations for Future Research occcccnnnnooncccnncnnnononnnanannnnnnncnnnnnnannnnnnnnccn n 13 REFERENCE sca ea an E EAE E acid 75 APRENDE anreisen eher 78 A Analysis and Design Section 1 Simulation Ga
53. deret sen 111 20 Table A 10 Situational Decision Window eese 121 21 Table A 11 Object Script and Properties 122 22 Table A 12 Situation Simulation Modules esee 124 23 Table A 15 Situational Series Window tia 129 24 Table A 14 Object Script and properties eeeeeeeeeeeeneen 130 25 Table A 15 Situational Factor Window eese eene 137 26 Table A 16 Object Script and properties rossi Ee EP Penne nines 138 27 Table A 17 Situational Expense WiNdOW cccccccnnnooononcnnnnnnnnnnnanannnononccnnnnnnannnnnnnss 140 28 Table A 18 Object Script and properties nennen nenne 140 29 Table A 19 SOL Command in The Data Object eene 143 30 Table A 20 The Structure of CurrentFactoT ccccccnnnononconnncnnnnnnnnannnnnnnncnononanannnnnnos 143 31 Table A 21 The Structure of Situation csset i HEN 143 32 Table A 22 The Structure of Bxpense nennt sch 144 33 Table A 23 The Structure of Situation Factors ccocononoccccnncccnnnnnonananononcnonnnananananoss 144 34 Table A 24 The Structure of ExpenseBase cccccccnnnononccnnnnnnonnnanannncnnccccnnnnnnannnanoos 144 35 Table A 25 The Structure of CurrentExpense cccccccccceeeeeseesnneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 144 36 Table A 26 Database Relationships na a 145 37 Table A 27 Instructor Mama neun ef Y ARE ye NEL YU IE 147 38 Table A 28 Instructor Manual 2 ae 148 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Thi
54. dule starts with checking for the answer the best alternative for last month and showing it This process searches the data in the situation table where the numbers of the month and year are the same as that of the previous month and year in the game time using the SQL command The process next selects records where the numbers of month and year are the same as the numbers of the current month and year in the game time When the process retrieves the records in the table as a loop it creates a new object to the window If the situation type is a situational problem the module is declared to a label box only showing the text If the module is an alternative situation the object type is declared to an option box with a text property to describe the alternative The four properties of the VScroll object are the final task The minimum and maximum lines for the window are set to maximum line properties of the scroll bar object then the change is set After the users read the situational problem and alternatives as a text description they must select an alternative and click OK to confirm their answer This action relates to the Command1_Click module This module will set the factors in the currentdata table which will impact the restaurant simulation process 56 When the window is closed the Form Unload module is called This module will cause the timer in the restaurant simulation window to start again 4 2 2
55. e As Amount RELATE TopicGroup to Topic As Child amountvar total sale product price rs AddNew Array TopicGroup Array Revenue rs AddNew Array TopicGroup Array Cost And Expenses Set child rs rs Child sumtotal sumtotal amountvar child rs AddNew Array Topic Name Amount Array Revenue Sale amountvar DBSituation Recordsets MonthlyExp Open DBSituation Recordsets MonthlyExp Requery Set Exprs DBSituation Recordsets MonthlyExp Exprs MoveFirst Do While Not Exprs EOF detailvar Exprs Fields Detail amountvar Exprs Fields Total 1 sumtotal sumtotal amountvar child rs AddNew Array Topic Name Amount Array Cost And Expenses detailvar amountvar Exprs MoveNext Loop DBSituation Recordsets MonthlyExp Close Sections Section5 Controls LmOEQq Caption Format startcash currency startcash sumtotal startcash norder 0 total sale 0 85 SaveData Set DataSource rs Sections Section5 Controls GT Caption Format sumtotal currency Sections Section5 Controls LPOEq Caption Format sumtotal currency Sections Section5 Controls COEq Caption Format startcash currency End Sub Terminate Data Situation Show Figure A 4 Situational Simulation Process Situational Decision Auer Set Calculate Set y Object Factor Data Variable Situation Interfaces Expenses Objects Get Get Situational Situational Factor Expense Table A 3 Situational
56. e entere 136 23 Figure A 11 Situation Factor Window eese eene 139 24 Figure A 12 Situation Expense Window eese eene 141 vii List of Tables Number Table Name Page LY Table 4 1 Situation Factor sco e e ka Re 59 2 Table 4 2 1 Month Business Report c ccccccccsssesessssssescsescssescsesessescsesessessseseeneass 61 3 Table 4 3 Factor Impact Case diodos 62 4 Table 4 4 Report of Alternativel in 2 Month 63 5 Table4 5 Factor Impact Case Zucaina 64 6 Table 4 6 Report of Alternative 2 in 2nd Month seeeee 64 T Table47 Factor Impact Case 3 2 2 ee 65 8 Table 4 8 Report of Alternative 3 in 2nd Month ee 65 9 Table 4 9 Report of Alternative 4 in 2nd Month sse 66 10 Table 4 10 Comparing Factors Alternatives ue eennnnneesssnnneesssnnnnenssnnnneneennnnnenen 67 11 Table A 1 Situation Simulation Modules ccccccnnnnnononccnnocinononananannnnnnccnnnnnanannnnnnos 79 12 Table A 2 Report Process Modules estet ame 84 13 Table A 3 Situational Simulation Modules seen 85 14 Table A 4 Main WindoW M essen dpi 88 15 Table A 5 Object Script with Properties east naar age ke 88 16 Table A 6 Monitoring Factors Window sess 97 17 Table A 7 Object Script and properties creer er Ite tete NUR Pet bea Ye en 98 IS Table CS Report statement 111 19 Table A 9 Object Script and properties rece
57. e of business operation are considered to add to the game and it effectively showed to the user This means the CATScanner model represents the general idea and the pizza restaurant operation represents the specific case study The following diagram shows the game s elements 29 Figure 3 1 Game Concept Diagram CATScanner Model Restaurant Result of Operation Simulation Simulation Business Report Situational Problem amp Alternative Simulation Users nterfaces The first element in the diagram is the CATscanner model and it shows a fundamental business concept that is surrounded by internal and external environments as mentioned in Chapter 1 The environments of the business are related to the factors that impact the profit shown in the report statements The diagram shows the restaurant simulation which is a prototype of the CATscanner model and refers to a type of business The first simulation includes the general business processes which are automatically run The characteristics of the game are divided into two parts students and instructor and are related to the second simulation the situational simulation This idea provides for the instructor to create a scenario or case study a problem and a set of solutions The situational simulation is also linked to the operational simulation The 30 student and instructor have their own graphic user interfaces to interac
58. earning 11 978 81 Pages Kt Nl 4 gli Table A 10 Situational Decision Window 1 The situation detail 2 Alternative of situations 3 Selection button The situation detail is text box containing description of business situation 122 The alternative situation is a set option choice of strategic planning to dual with the situation Table A 11 Object Script and Properties Situation 1 VERSION 5 00 Object 831FDD16 0C5C 11D2 A9FC 0000F8754DA1 2 0 0 MSCOMCTL OCX Begin VB Form Situation BorderStyle 1 Fixed Single Caption Situation ClientHeight 4920 ClientLeft 4995 ClientTop 3090 ClientWidth 8415 ControlBox 0 False BeginProperty Font Name MS Sans Serif Size 9 75 Charset 0 Weight 400 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty LinkTopic Form MaxButton 0 False MinButton 0 False ScaleHeight 4920 ScaleWidth 8415 Begin VB VScrollBar VScrolll Height 4455 Left 8160 TabIndex 2 Top 0 Width 255 End Begin MSComctlLib StatusBar StatusBarl Align 2 Align Bottom Height 375 Left 0 TabIndex 1 123 Figure A 8 Situation Window 124 The Economic tum down a C Cutting Salary C Adding more advertising SUPP ok Please Choose one Alternative A B Analysis and Design Section 2 Situation Simulation
59. educational title or a business simulation Granted it educates about supply and demand and general business concepts by running one s own manufacturing facility but it was created as an entertainment title Imagine a game similar to Monopoly TM but much zanier and without the limited of a board It is designed accumulated up to 6 human players on the same computer The computer will play any factories not manned so there is always six manufacturing sites in competition The game has a level of difficulty that can be adjusted for how good of a player the computer is for each competitor Everyone is in a race to achieve million gems local currency and to be recognized as Profitania s Industrialist Extraordinaire The game s story starts with a subterranean civilization powered by magma pools In a growing economic era the player is assigned to construct a factory that is surrounded by a diverse community It can benefit the player s factory get benefit The player has the ability to manage before the commodity will change with operates in real time The game gives the player an idea of business and math as each game turn is equal to one week in game time The factory needs materials to work with and the source for these is goods exchange The real time aspects of this game are the fluctuations in price quantity and quality of the commodities when the players are trying to buy 17 The required materials depend on your fac
60. environment cannot be controlled by the company but can be scanned and monitored to anticipate resulting the positive and negative impacts The concept of cross functional area is represented as a relationship between the internal functional areas of a business and a relationship between the organization and the external business environment events that happen in the external environment will in some way impact the internal environment of the organization For every action there is a reaction for every stimulus there is a response and for every cause there is an effect Proactively scanning the external business environment is recommended in an effort to identify changing business events that can either negatively or positively impact the organization Anticipating the negative or positive impacts of the changing external business environment consider is a factors to be successful in the business The main goal of a business seeking the maximum profit by providing goods and services depends on internal and external environments The actions of unknown and unpredictable situations from inside and outside the company represent the idea of cross functional area For this principle it is crucial that the manager practices dealing with potential situation to find their alternatives and either limit the negative impacts or take advantage of the positive consequences Using the technique of simulation game is really difficult for this fundamental
61. erColor vbBlue End If Case 3 If EconLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then EconLine BorderColor vbRed Else EconLine BorderColor vbBlue End If Case 4 If TechLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then TechLine BorderColor vbRed Else 83 TechLine BorderColor vbBlue End If Case 5 If PoliticalLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then PoliticalLine BorderColor vbRed Else PoliticalLine BorderColor vbBlue End If Case 6 If LegalLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then LegalLine BorderColor vbRed Else LegalLine BorderColor vbBlue End If Case 7 If SocialculLine BorderColor lt gt vbRed Then SocialculLine BorderColor vbRed Else SocialculLine BorderColor vbBlue End If End Select Figure A 3 Report Process Structure Chart Report Process Generate Set Object Object Interfaces Interfaces Prepare Data Create Set Revenue Save Data ELE Recordset amp Expenses to P Objects Objects Update Cash 84 Table A 2 Report Process Modules Process Item Code Initialize Data Dim rs As Recordset Dim child rs As Recordset Dim fld As Field Dim Exprs detailvar Dim amountvar SaveData getmonthlyExpense cash cash MonthExpense mainmenu TimerDay Interval 0 Set rs New Recordset rs LockType adLockBatchOptimistic rs CREATE TABLE amp ADD adVarChar 20 As TopicGroup CREATE NEW TABLE ADD adVarChar 20 As Topic ADD adVarChar 50 As Name ADD adSingl
62. f Simulation Game The first view is concerned with simulation games accelerating and changing in various characteristics to try and to cover all business functions Ivo and Don 1999 Although the superficial goal of the business simulation is obtain the highest profit the true goal of learning is to know and understanding the business rules Henshaw and Jackson 1978 The goals set by the game are hardly considered in large corporations such as Coca Cola yet the corporation evaluations are regularly used in making quality managerial decisions Jusson 1982 In the earlier research the conclusion drawn was that the performance of what could be used to predict the academic success or to appraise managerial potential Vance and Gray 1967 The various environments cause some performance requirements in performing such as the firm s assets at start of the game These are not synchronized to situations in the real world The conclusion in some reports was that the characteristic of simulation was limited by financial measure instead of using human skill Teach 1990 pinpoints the period over time which profits are accumulated in the most business simulation is 27 too short to used profit to provide adequate measurement The same as association for business and experiential learning meeting 1986 posted the conclusion that it had been clamed the top managers were judged on their ability of bottom line profits The utilization and profit
63. f there is not enough money the company will pay as much cash as is available d The daily routine checks the materials to determine if it is time to re order The process will run according to the policy on materials safety stock and the period for materials delivery When the materials are less than the safety stock number the reordering process will run This will set the starting trigger to count down the delivery time The new materials will be added to the inventory when they arrive and the payment system will be performed The purchase cost is the cost of materials and the cost of ordering them The company will pay the cost in cash and the quantity order in that month is updated and recorded to the norder factor 54 The monthly routine has only two short tasks that are setting up time parameters and calling the report object Year The last task in the timer routine is to set up the time parameters When the user clicks the image area the factor monitoring window will be shown The factor monitoring window only has one module that sets some values of the object variable data to text box or object interface The last task of the timer routine is to set the values of the objects on the restaurantsim window These commands are in the Datashow module 4 2 1 3 Restaurant Operation Monthly Report The third group of modules will mainly create the business report statements the Income Statement
64. fe J amp Chacko T I 1983 Team size effects on business game performance and decision making behaviors Decision Sciences 14 121 133 Wolfe J amp Crookall D 1998 Developing a scientific knowledge of simulation gaming Simulation amp Gaming 29 1 7 19 78 APPENDEX A Analysis and Design Section 1 Simulation Game Figure A 1 Data Flow Diagram Student Instructor User a uss Situation Simulation Business Simulation Database There are two sections of programming development The details of two sections are the following Section 1 Business Simulation Structure Chart and Codes 79 Figure A 2 A Restaurant Process Business Simulation Structure Chart Business Process Generated Produce Order Sale Cash check Demand Product materials Delivery Cash credit Sum Random d Calculate Recalculate Recalculate Calculate Get Calculated production Products amp Materials amp Sale abilit Random Hr Demand abilit materials cash on hand i delivery Random time Table A 1 Situation Simulation Modules Process Item Codes Set Data Variable Set Database variable to Database Object Do Loop Read All records Create object variable named by record data Set object variable properties value to record s value Loop Generated Demand marketdemand population X meal _ a _ day X marketshare x m
65. g a mouse button you can execute a command or convert the icon into a window You can also move the icons around the display screen as if they were real objects on your desk Desktop The area on the display screen where icons are grouped is often referred to as the desktop because the icons are intended to represent real objects on a real desktop Windows You can divide the screen into different areas In each window you can run a different program or display a different file You can move windows around the display screen and change their shape and size at will Menus Most graphical user interfaces let you execute commands by selecting a choice from a menu The first graphical user interface was designed by Xerox Corporation s Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s but it was not until the 1980s and the emergence of the Apple Macintosh that graphical user interfaces became popular One reason for their slow acceptance was the fact that they require considerable CPU power and a high quality monitor which until recently were prohibitively expensive 10 In addition to their visual components graphical user interfaces also make it easier to move data from one application to another A true GUI includes standard formats for representing text and graphics Because the formats are well defined different programs that run under a common GUI can share data This makes it possible for example to copy a graph created by a spreadsheet program i
66. he allocation experience by awarding each group an additional lot of each of the raw materials an extra lot of vegetables an extra lot of meat and so on This often will have the effect of changing the optimal solution and requiring students to consider different allocation strategies p413 When the class finds the optimal solution the teacher can demonstrate integer programming Therefore the instructor can use the game to set up the following lecture After the game is done a debriefing can review and conclude the games There are three majors lessons the auction strategic and tactical planning and the allocation process The teacher may determine if the game will take over one lecture period to complete or not For inexperienced students the game examines the nature of a competitive market environment The market is characterized by the dynamic interaction of participants and the students must learn to interpret information that relates to the market Occasionally the competitive attitude might develop suboptimal performances due to team s trying to beat another by outbidding for a needed commodity For example a team that tries to get all its raw materials early in the auction will often overpay because the market prices have not yet been established Teams that sit back and watch for a few bids have a better idea of the fair price of the raw material and make more reasoned bids and higher profits This demonstrates that
67. he business and the internal and external 36 environments that impact the organization Internal environments are generic business functions in an organization which consists of production sales finance accounting human resources research and development management information systems and strategic planning The external environments are grouped into seven clouds production input industry and competition economic technology political legal and social and culture The relationship is represented by a connection line from the clouds to the organization body There are three frames components of the GUI on the left side Figure 4 1 All frames contain text boxes in which data cannot be changed by the user The first frame shows the amount of cash available the amount of check received and the credit balance with suppliers in the text boxes The second frame attaches supply information These text boxes show the number of materials and products on hand The last frame gives the total amount of sales and the customer demand number which means the amount of pizzas demanded from the restaurant in their text boxes On the bottom right there are three boxes representing time values which are day month and year In the internal environment area of the modeling image the user can click to open the business s factors form second GUID yet the report interface shows on the screen at the end of every month of game time 3
68. ies value and desc The value property is a numeric type variable and the desc property is a text type variable The main module calls on the Getfactor sub module to retrieve the factor value from the database in current table appendix data structure 1 The data object is declared and named as the business factor s name yet the value and description of the factor will be set according to the object s properties definition of term The advantages of using the object variable are as follows 1 to work quickly in the memory level 2 to easily control 49 the object variable using the name of the factors and 3 to flexibly add more factors by inserting them into the database The main module then calls the restaurantsim window which is the second task These following two sub modules serve as the database interface The codes inside the module will contain the SQL command to connect to the database The first module saveData contains a loop to check for all of the object variables In the loop the properties of the object variables will be saved to database table CurrentData The second sub module in the first modules group is used to prepare the business expenses for each month in the game time The SQL command is used to calculate the total expense from current expenses and situational expenses The total amount of expense finally is set to the MonthlyExpense object variable
69. implication To develop an appropriate application a specific business needs to be formed from simple processes yet must demand an adequate performance of student ability The CATscanner will be appropriately applied to the simulation game representing the fundamental of business level Using a single situation or case matching to only the best alternative is the best way of the game style however critical features have to be enclosed in the application While the application declares business functions and ordinary rules it must show the concepts and core working of an enterprise Active learning from situation to solution must aim at the principle concept in the model Need for the Study Professors of business administration have generally been slow to incorporate business gaming simulations in their teaching and research Wolfe 1994 but the basic discovery phase of business gaming has not ended as argued by Thavikulwat 1999 Nevertheless the simulations being used are not that much different from those created in the late 1950s Although computerized business gaming simulations may enhance business education as the studies reviewed by Keys and Wolfe 1990 show the enhancement comes consistently at a high cost in students time Even though business classes at UW STOUT have referred to the CATscanner model as a important principle of business it is still a static tool for the students meaning that the students must learn the model w
70. ithout interacting with the CATscanner model s graphic According to Professor Kevin McDonald personal communication 2001 the students need some tools for understanding the elementary level business concepts in the class The CATscanner model will powerfully facilitate the need of the student and instructor in the business class if it can be developed to be a dynamic tool meaning that student can use it interactively Statement of the Problem Because of the complexity of current business simulation games there is no application software which fulfills the need of a fundamental online business class in the market All existed applications confuse the students with many decisions making it difficult to understand for somebody who does not have knowledge of business The simulation games in the market may not directly satisfy the need of students in understanding fundamental business idea Research Objectives The objectives for this study are 1 To create a situational and simulation game and application software for a fundamental online business class To create an application to depict the general ideas of operation and perception of a business including the concept of cross functional area in an organization that address the internal and external factors around the business environment To facilitate hand on experience of several situations in the business world for the business student To apply this simulatio
71. its habitat could include such variables as available food supply natural predators and rainfall Changing one of the variables in the simulation would show how the population is affected when that variable changes in the real system See also real time simulation Hi tech dictionary 2001 SQL command Structured Query Language pronounced SQL or Sequel A language used to create maintain and query relational databases It is an ISO and ANSI standard SQL uses regular English words for many of its commands which makes it easy to use It is often embedded within other programming languages Structure chart Structure Chart is software diagram tool that show hierarchical arrangement of the modules in a structured program It contains rectangular box and arrow symbol The rectangular represent one module The name of a module is written inside the box An arrow joins two modules that have invocation relation 13 Visual Basic The defending of Visual Basic in Microsoft website 2001 gives the idea of Visual part that refers to the method used to create the graphical user interface GUI Rather than writing numerous lines of code to describe the appearance and location of interface elements the developer simply add pre built objects into place on screen If you ve ever used a drawing program such as Paint you already have most of the skills necessary to create an effective user interface The Basic part refers to the BASIC Begi
72. ituation ituation Situation env Text Business environment that situation is in Situation month Number he scheduling month in the game the number identify which month the situation is Situation year Number The scheduling year in the game the number identify which ear the situation is ext describe the best alternative in the situation 144 Table A 22 The Structure of Expense ituation Expense Field Name Type D escription Situation number Number dentify the situation cause impacted factor Base A factors base of expense referring to factor s value Detail Text Describe of expense Amount Number Expense value for item per base factor Table A 23 The Structure of Situation Factors ituation Factor Table A 24 The Structure of ExpenseBase ExpenseBase Table A 25 The Structure of CurrentExpense urrentExpense Field Name Type D escription A factors base of expense referring to factor s value Event ex vent process calculated factor IName Text Process expense name Detail Text Expense text detail Amount Number Expense value Table A 26 Database Relationship 145 Situation Number Situation factor Situation number There are two Situation Detail Var_name relationship from Situation Type operator Situation Month Var_num s
73. less the simulation games are used in different levels business education Many of the simulation games are developed to be used in the high level education In this point most of the business simulation games in the market are really complex This means that the players or students are required to know some business knowledge The direction of the game development focuses on various business functions from making investments to strategic planning The results of the modern game may be too difficult for the elementary level business course A principle concept of business has been elucidated by the business model at www catscanner com and used for business classes at the University of Wisconsin Stout Tt is fundamental to your understanding of the major business components and to your understanding of the dynamic and exciting interaction between these components Kevin McDonald Understanding Business Course Outline The model depicts the various functional areas in an organization as internal environments finance information systems accounting management research amp development service marketing production materials management human resources and strategy The external business environment consists of customers competitors in the industry and the extraneous business conditions production inputs economic conditions technological conditions political conditions legal conditions social cultural conditions The external
74. me sees 78 Data Flow DIT 78 Structure Chart and Codes eot tessera o ale ei 78 Situation Simulation Modules essere eene nennen 79 Report Process Structure Chito rosita 83 Report Process Modules aa 84 Situational Simulation Process kan dua 85 Situational Simulation Modules eese 85 Graphic User Interfaces eoo lito 88 Man WIN ET 88 Monitoring Factors Window sees eene nennen ener 97 Repoit Statements HR ista 111 Situational Decision WIN Wat 121 B Analysis and Design Section 2 Situation Simulation nennen 124 stir cture Chart and Codes st nenn nee 124 Situation Simulation Data Flow Diagram eene 124 Situation Simulation Modules an aan 124 Graphic serInterface u ck 129 Situational Series Window ies saec aere eet e aea e a Ee eaa erae ets 129 Situational Factor Window ke 137 Situational Expense WImdoW nea 140 MEZ A a a a a e a a A RG 143 Database Object using 143 Database Tables Structure oic t tadas Ve a skin sin ah evans 143 Database Relauonship nalen einigem 145 D User Mabual RS 147 Student Manual 9 2 moro EUER DR UAM IER DRE E EIAS EEA EEEa NER NER 147 Instructor Mandala tiet tret ete pe vest ee ye eoe Peer ee erepto Re SS ian 148 vi List of Figures Number Figure Name Page l Figure 3 1 Game Concept Diasram unseren le 29 2 Jqupgure 1 CATseammer screen 2 an nase 3
75. n game to teach students about the case situations in business To simplify the instruction for people who lack of a business background On the other hand they can practice in the common and uniform manner of a business owner Limitations The following are the limitations which have been identified with reference to this study 1 Since the business simulation game is a restaurant the knowledge and practical skills that a player gains may not apply to other types of business especially an organization which needs cooperation and teamwork in order to make a decision for this game depends on only one player 2 The application of this simulation game is limited to a decision based on short term goals since a monthly situation ends and does not continue at the following month In fact several business situations or crises in the real world will carry on and be considered as other factors that affect the business operator s future decisions 3 The ultimate goal of this simulation game is set which is to gain as high a profit as possible It may not be applied to some real business situations such as launching a new product 4 This application can be executed only if a player downloads the program in a computer that has Visual Basic Software Definition of Terms For clarity and understanding the following definitions of key words have been included Algorithm A prescribed set of well defined unambiguous rules or pro
76. nners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code language a language used by more programmers than any other language in the history of computing Visual Basic has evolved from the original BASIC language and now contains several hundred statements functions and keywords many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI Beginners can create useful applications by learning just a few of the keywords yet the power of the language allows professionals to accomplish anything that can be accomplished using any other Windows programming language Data access features allow you to create databases front end applications and scalable server side components for most popular database formats including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprise level databases Internet capabilities make it easy to provide access to documents and applications across the Internet or intranet from within your application or to create Internet server applications Your finished application is a true exe file that uses a Visual Basic Virtual Machine that you can freely distribute 14 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter provides a theoretical base for the problems and the relevant surrounding issues and concerns associated with the study Included in this chapter are 1 history of the simulation game 2 existing games in the market 3 complexity of simulation game and 4 other views of simulation games History of the Simulation Game The first b
77. nto a document created by a word processor Many DOS programs include some features of GUIs such as menus but are not graphics based Such interfaces are sometimes called graphical character based user interfaces to distinguish them from true GUIs Webopedia 2001 searching page Module a part of a program Programs are composed of one or more independently developed modules that are not combined until the program is linked A single module can contain one or several routines Object Oriented A popular buzzword that can mean different things depending on how it is being used Object oriented programming OOP refers to a special type of programming that combines data structures with functions to create re usable objects see under object oriented programming Object oriented graphics is the same as vector graphics Otherwise the term object oriented is generally used to describe a system that deals primarily with different types of objects and where the actions you can take depend on what type of object you are manipulating For example an object oriented draw program might enable you to draw many types of objects such as 11 circles rectangles triangles etc Applying the same action to each of these objects however would produce different results If the action is Make 3D for instance the result would be a sphere box and pyramid respectively Webopedia 2001 searching page Pseudocode An outline of a pr
78. number Table 4 6 Report of Alternative 2 in 2nd Month 65 Income Statement Revenue Sale 44 489 79 44 489 79 Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold 16 500 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gain sharing 1 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 1 588 92 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 40 088 92 Last Profit 4 400 87 Statement Of Owner s Equity Last month earning 10 988 05 Lost Profit 4 400 87 Current earning 15 388 93 The restaurant thinks that the price of pizza can greatly impact monthly profit This alternative chooses paying extra money in the form of advertising to keep the demand Furthermore the advertising may impact the demand more than the price factor This alternative spends an average of 1 per pizza sold for the ads This stimulation may increase the demand by as much as 596 The factors impact is in the following Table 4 7 Table 4 7 Factor Impact Case 3 Situational Factor Mathematic Function Market Share Market share2market share 0 05 Advertising Cost Advertising Cost product sale 1 Table 4 8 Report of Alternative 3 in 2nd Month 66 Income Statement Revenue Sale 45 037 01 46 097 01 Cost And Expenses Advertising Cost 6 535 29 Cost of good sold 16 500 00 Depreciation 3 000 00 Gas Electric and Power 1 646 32 Insurant 5 000 00 Rent 5 000 00 Salary 8 000 00 45 731 61 Lost Profit 365 40 Statement
79. ogram written in a form that can easily be converted into real programming statements For example the pseudocode for a bubble sort routine might be written while not at end of list compare adjacent elements if second is greater than first switch them get next two elements if elements were switched repeat for entire list Pseudocode cannot be compiled nor executed and there are no real formatting or syntax rules It is simply one step an important one in producing the final code The benefit of pseudocode is that it enables the programmer to concentrate on the algorithms without worrying about all the syntactic details of a particular programming language In fact you can write pseudocode without even knowing what programming language you will use for the final implementation One to many Relationship A type of data modeling represents the relation between two entities or things One entities has many relationship to the other For example a mother has many children 12 Recordset Object A object technique represents the entire set of records from a base table or the results of an executed command At any time the Recordset object refers to only a single record within the set as the current record Simulation Creating a mathematical model of a real system to see how the system works and by changing variables make predictions about how the system will change For example a mathematical simulation of an insect population and
80. on amp Game 31 3 407 417 Chang M T 1997 The use of business gaming in Hong Kong academic institutions In J Butler amp N Leonard Eds Developments in business simulation and experiential learning pp 218 220 Statesboro Georgia Southern University Press Gentry J W 1980 Group size and attitudes toward simulation experience Simulation amp Games 11 451 460 Henshaw R amp Jackson J 1978 THE EXECUTIVE GAME Homewood IL Richard D Irwin Inc Hi tech dictionary Retrieved September 28 2001 from http www computeruser com resources dictionary dictionary html Ivo W amp Don C 1999 Why do we bother with games and simulation An organization perspective Simulation amp Game 30 3 3750 385 Jackson J R 1959 Learning from experience in business decision games California Management Review 1 1 23 29 Judson A 1982 The awkward truth about productivity Harvard Business Review 60 4 93 97 Kibbee M Craft C J amp Nanus B 1961 Management games New York Reinhold 76 Keys B amp Wolfe J 1990 The role of management games and simulations in education and research Journal of Management 16 307 336 Lucas A C 1979 Performance in a complex management game Simulation amp Games 10 1 61 74 McKenna R J 1991 Business computerized simulation The Australian experience Simulation amp Gaming 22 1 36 62 Meier R C Newell W T amp Pazer H
81. onButton obj CStr rs Fields number ObjControl Visible is true objControl Top 255 i objControl Left 2 500 objControl Caption rs Fields situationdetail countword Len rs Fields situationdetail objControl Width 8000 objControl Height 255 Round countword 70 0 1 i i Round countword 70 0 2 End If rs MoveNext Loop 87 VScrolll Min 0 VScrolll 20 VScrolll LargeChange 100 Arbitary values VScrolll SmallChange 50 VScroll1 Max i 255 Height VScrolll Height Form Unload mainmenu TimerDay Interval temp TimerDay getchange Dim salstr rs sqlstr Select from situation factor where situation number amp n amp Set rs DBSituation DBSituation Execute sqlstr Do While not rs end of file If rs Fields operator Then rs Fields var name value rs Fields var name value Val rs Fields var num Elself rs Fields operator Then rs Fields var name value rs Fields var name value Val rs Fields var num Elself rs Fields operator Then rs Fields var name value rs Fields var name value Val rs Fields var num Elself rs Fields operator Then rs Fields var name value rs Fields var name value Val rs Fields var num End If rs MoveNext Loop insert base DBSituation DBSituation Execute INSERT INTO currentexpense Base Detail Name Amount Event SELECT situation expense Ba
82. or future research Conclusions The restaurant simulation game the result of the research contained characteristics which answered the research problem The game s concept was dependent upon principles of business that the user could learn while playing The CATscanner model was used as the foundation of and standard for the game This study achieved the research objectives as follows 1 It depicted the general ideas of business operation and perception of including the concept of cross functional area in an organization that addressed the internal and external factors of the business environment 2 Users experienced several business case studies 3 The game was utilized as a tool to discuss business lessons 4 The game guided people who lack a business background to understand the principles At the simulation game suggestions were reviewed in Chapter 2 the researcher designed the game to include the independent decision feature allowing the user to run it 72 on a standalone computer This would reduce the problem regarding group conflict and the students were able to examine and learn from the game many times before holding a discussion in the class The game included a timing feature with the sequential processes making it easy to debug the problems of the game processes Flexibility was not included in the game so it would give the same result when playing The illustration of the business cases utilized as mathem
83. ording to the administrator driven simulation the programmer must code complex routines that enable the simulating program to manage multiple real time runs on networked computers or participants must be restricted to running the simulation on a single designated computer A clock driven simulation advances time in concert with the computer s internal clock An activity driven simulation captures the advantages of the clock driven simulation without that design s inherent inadaptability In theory an activity driven simulation advances time when participants are active It pauses during breaks because they are intervals without 25 activity An activity driven design however is difficult to program and not easily understood Thavikulwat 1996 Simple functions that plausibly model complex phenomena are convenient As Wolfe and Jackson 1989 have observed learning does not increase monotonically with the simulation s complication If learning increased with usage and usage increased with convenience convenience might be the most significant factor Easy administration depends on the design of the gaming simulation the adequacy of the computer software and the availability of suitable hardware The complexities can be flexible By design the instructor is permitted to set the pace the complexity and even the pedagogical focus of the gaming simulation Thavikulwat 1988 From one viewpoint Stanislaw 1986 concluded that a sim
84. pe2 5 BeginProperty Item2 1C13A8E3 AOB6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Line2 Object Width 8355 EndProperty ItemType3 5 BeginProperty Item3 1C13A8E3 A0B6 11D0 848E O0OAO0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Line4 Object Top 432 Object Width 8355 EndProperty ItemType4 3 BeginProperty Item4 1C13A8E1 A0B6 11D0 848E 00A0CIODCSA9 Version 393216 Name Label3 Object Left 1872 Object Top 720 Object Width 5184 Object Height 435 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 18 DataReport 5 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty Object Caption Statement Of Owner s Equity EndProperty ItemType5 5 BeginProperty Item5 1C13A8E3 A0B6 11D0 848E 00A0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Line5 118 Object Top 1152 Object Width 8355 EndProperty ItemType6 3 BeginProperty Item6 1C13A8E1 A0B6 11D0 848E O0AO0C90DC8A9 Version 393216 Name Label4 Object Left 1440 Object Top 1296 Object Width 2295 Object Height 300 BeginProperty Font OBE35203 8F91 11CE 9DE3 00AA004BB851 Name Arial Size 9 75 Charset 0 Weight 700 Underline 0 False Italic 0 False Strikethrough 0 False EndProperty Object Caption Last month earning EndProperty ItemType7 3 BeginProperty Item7 1C13A8E1 A0B6 11D0 848E
85. proved flexibility to restore the lost information An undocumented addition to the new version is a data editor that enables administrators to change individual information stored about the industry or the companies A warning is presented when entering this submenu accessed by hitting the F6 key indicating that changes to the individual files used for running the game may cause irretrievable losses of data In previous versions of the game erroneous data could only be corrected by loading specific spreadsheets into Lotus 1 2 3 and then calling the game developer to find out what information was held in the various number cluttered fields A rarity in running total enterprise simulations is finding help when problems are encountered Two outlets are available in times of distress while running the BSG one by contacting the publisher s representative and the second by contacting the developer Both avenues will provide friendly and concise help Most game oriented questions posed by teams can be answered by referring to the 91 page player s manual The third edition of the BSG is a welcomed addition to the existing array of total enterprise simulations Its development follows the trend toward providing GUI for players and administrators alike By using menus and eye appealing features future simulations can further enhance the complexity realism dimension without sacrificing understanding Expect future editions of such games to include hyperg
86. published It describes the game s features and details for player SimCity The popular game SimCity gives attention to developing and managing a budding city The player can monitor the details of the city block by block and can employ other features to utilize the window s power to display real time information Paul 1993 The player starts a game as the mayor of a city The level of difficulty which essentially provides you with more start up cash is chosen The player is assigned to create and run a simulated city The game is very detailed in the responsibilities necessary for of overseeing and running an entire city There is tremendous educational value in having to manage the various aspects of providing for the needs and desires of a community Players as the mayor are responsible for details from trash disposal to land development to addressing the concerns of regulatory agencies and petitioners There is a lot of micro management that in real life would be handled by section heads For example put roads too far apart and Sims the residents of your city won t walk to 16 work Don t build enough playgrounds and families will move out causing your residential areas to run down and taxes to dry up All the real life problems you hear about in the news can and will happen to your town Rick 2000 Profitania_Deluxe Profitania Deluxe the third and final trilogy installment from LavaMind is advertised as an
87. raphics and more powerful built in graphing features The Restaurant Game The restaurant game is developed as a single period simulation that provides students with the opportunity to plan and implement a strategy in a competitive environment The players bid for raw materials This auction results in players making calculated changes to planned strategies in response to conditions created by the auction After the players have obtained their necessary raw materials they create meal menus that are the source of company profits The integer programming is generated and the 20 instructor can teach how numerical modeling leads to optimal solutions The restaurant game provides a rich environment that can be explored in a single period or multiple periods according to the instructor s goals Brozik and Zapalska 2000 The game begins by distributing the instruction sheet that provides students with the information they need to plan an overall strategy Because the winner of the game needs only the greatest profit there are many ways to approach the market Players have some choices in offering low medium high or a combination of priced meals These choices will direct strategies of both a narrow and a broad market segment The interactions of the players in the auction will establish each menu s relative profitability and randomly drive the strategy for each player The players need to be aware of the changing environment and to
88. re Some data processing activities or data activities such as 31 insert and update are considered and these activities are grouped into the data flow diagram The restaurant simulation is developed according to the business rules in a restaurant operation The diagram is created according to the process that characterizes a generic business s functional tasks The data flow diagram is used in this process for graphically representing the application s components that connect processes to other processes stored data and identified external entities such as the human interface The structured composition technique is used to analyze the individual parts allowing us to identify and isolate small parts of a problem Because the restaurant operation is designed to be an automatic process the input element of the process connects to a database interface not a manual input interface The database s tables then are identified and related to the diagram these details were in the appendix section The situational simulation is developed when the business factors structure is determined The structure element depends on data analysis It is based on relational database theories seeking to understand the meaning behind the business factors in the simulation The data relationship diagrams in this process then are generated By using standard business concepts the relationship rules are generated This development does not accommodate time ha
89. relate to the situation number and will check the situation type If the situation type is a problem type the situation s answer field is visible If the 57 situational type is an answer type the situation s answer field is invisible The situation s answer field will contain a text to explain the answer for the situation problem The user interfaces of the recordset object will be shown as button boxes There are four buttons in this object insert delete update and refresh As mentioned earlier the situation_factors table is related to the situation factors element in the situation window in the same manner as the situation expense table is related to the situation expenses element Each area is composed of three buttons The Insert factor button tells the record in the situation factor table to jump to the last record and it adds the new record to the table The OK button on the window contains the SQL command to add data from the interface objects to the situation factor table The Update factor button will set the data which are selected on the situation window in the object interface in the situation factor window and show that window When the user clicks the OK button on that window the process will use the SQL command to delete or add records to the situation factor table When the user selects Delete factor the situation factor window will be shown to confirm the deletion The expense
90. revent excessive profiteering Once the auction is over the players are given time to create complete meals with the raw materials they have available No partial menus are allowed Because each of the raw materials is used in each menu it is possible to create many different combinations of menus each with its own unique level of profitability The program is simple enough that the integer programming is not necessary to require that students use such mathematical techniques Students are usually able to create a set of menus that are close to the optimal solution After the players have calculated their portion of raw materials and the profit they would make by selling the meals a winner can be selected It is also possible to classify if the optimal mix of outputs for each player is found This can be done fairly easily with a PC computer and a spreadsheet application Most spreadsheets include a linear programming module with the option for integer outputs This will help the class to use and practice power of mathematical programming in real life applications 22 The author said It may seem surprising but players often achieve the optimal solution This is not due to any particular mathematical expertise on the part of the students however The players often try to stick to their initial strategy and buy only certain quantities of the raw materials There is one solution and no waste in this case The instructor may choose to enrich t
91. rovided a submenu that prepares either industry or specific company competitor analysis reports These reports facilitate both industry and focused analyses of the competition Teams have the ability to print a chosen year s industry analysis or a year by year analysis of the decisions from one of the competitors The reports provide information from the footwear industry report FIR arranged into formats suitable for easy diagnosis of competitor strategies The developers have changed the visual feel of the game by making the decision entry screens easier to read with less clutter The menu bar at the top of the screen has been redesigned for speedy access to submenus The levels of menus are easy to follow and intuitive Perhaps the most valuable change is the graphical user interface GUI addition of a mouse Screens can be passed over or specific fields for inputs found by pointing and clicking the mouse Users may still find themselves using the escape key 18 19 and the arrow keys required in previous editions to move around but once they catch on to the abilities of the mouse the keyboard becomes secondary The crash proofing ability of the latest version of the BSG is impressive Administrators were previously limited to rerunning only the latest year in case of industry problems Version three has the ability to rerun any year In case team disks become corrupted the recreate option from the operations menu provides im
92. ry for the student to use the financial statements to analyze the case situation The students should use the factors monitoring window to help make a decision for the alternative situations Recommendations for Future Research The recommendations for future study are made as follows 1 2 Some utility functions can be included such as the redo the decision function Otherwise the user has to access the database file by using Microsoft Access to perform these functions The business case studies can be investigated as potential input information for the game The sets of situations can be researched to find 74 the relationships between the business factors which can then be explained by mathematical functions The game can include some advanced functions which will graphically simulate the restaurant work routine Situations that affect the company s long term benefit should be considered and added to simulation meaning that the effect of changing in business factors will occur longer than one month The technique of computer networking should be included in the future simulation game This enables the users to share data and to see the impacts of other players decision making 75 REFERENCE Burgess T F 1991 The use of computerized management and business simulation in The United Kingdom Simulation amp Gaming 22 2 174 195 Brozik Dallas Zapalska Alina 2000 The Restaurant game Simulati
93. s
94. s as an evaluation tool create too many obstacles for realistic design Also the short term tactic may negatively affect short term profit but it leads the long term position The example has been given as the following case the tactic buying market share early in production development and commercialization has proven to have long run benefits to many actual firms Teach 1990 p13 28 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY The simulation game represents a tool to help students understand fundamentals business concepts The game style was adapted in response to the simulation games problems which had been reviewed in Chapter 2 This chapter investigates methodology used for the game development The result of the development is a game based on the rudimentary business concepts and the simulation technique The development process uses software engineering as a tool is explained in the following section The chapter is divided into three sections The first section explores the game concept The second explains how to use the tools to develop the simulation game given the elements of processes data structure and user interfaces The final section discussed the game s validity Game Concept The first step of the game s development is to identify the game s concept in turn modeling the logical system The system s characteristics and architecture are determined in this section The general idea of a business and the specific typ
95. s a quantified allowance made for a loss in value of equipments and tools 3 Gas Electric and Power are a variable cost that is dependent upon production 4 Insurance is the cost of properties and equipment being insured 5 Rent is the cost of the restaurant building 6 The salary is a cost for all employees At the end of each section a sum of the section s items is shown on the right side under the line The loss or profit is calculated and shown on the bottom of this statement The Statement of Owner s Equity includes the business s accumulated earning value There are two lines in this section The first line is the amount of accumulated earning up to the previous month in the game s time and the other is the loss or profit of the current month Then the new earning s number which is a summation of all items in this section is shown in the last line of the statement The additional information is included in the running simulation section The user can print out the result by pressing the print button or save it to a file by using save button both of which are on the top of the report The user can also zoom in and out of the report by selecting the zoom percent in the combo box which is a drop down control containing different choices The following Figure 4 3 shows an image of the report After closing the report the situation window will appear on the screen Figure 4 3 Monthly Report Screen DataRepor
96. s component in the situation window uses the same concepts as the factor component containing the same three buttons The process in the expense modules are the same as the factor modules with the exception of using the situation expense table instead 4 3 Simulation Study Case 58 This section will focus on the result of running a simulation It will investigate the business reports from the first and second month in the simulation game time The status of the business will be shown in the report and will be based on the situational problem and chosen alternative The consequences of the situation will impact the factors and expenses of the business The following paragraphs will show the result of each decision alternative and the details in the tables The first diagram will show the process of the simulation Figure 4 12 Case Study Process Situation Factor 1 Month Business Statement Decision 1 Factors Factors Decision 3 Decision 2 Expense Factors Expense Decision 4 Factors Expense 2nd Month Business Statement The diagram shows the factors table in a rectangular box It connects to a process in a circular box by an arrow symbol The alternative case will be expressed by being shown in the factor and expense table s changing data which will generate the different result in the report The first and
97. s is an introduction to the study and the problem under investigation This chapter is comprised of six sections as follows 1 overview 2 need for the study 3 statement of the problem 4 research objectives 5 limitations and 6 definition of terms Overview Technology has been playing an imperative role in helping education Some techniques have been used to increase the students skills and among these techniques a simulation game is really popular Games and simulations enable organizations to envision alternative futures within a condensed time frame and help them get a holistic view of the change journey and its results The comprehension of the totality of problems and opportunities awaiting them in the future although at the higher level of abstraction helps them build cognitive bridges to that future The result is not only an increased awareness of the future marketplace but an increased ability to deal with complexity and uncertainty in general Ivo and Don 1999 Games and Simulations and the Big Picture section In the business classroom the simulation game technique has been popularly used to facilitate learning The game usually simulates real case situations to giving students business experience from those situations In many cases a teacher would use the game for a class s material rather than lecture in a traditional way Their objective is to facilitate learning the complicated subjects Neverthe
98. s no implied sequence to the processes and assigns data in analysis without deliberation The results of the development are attached in the appendix section Design The third step of the development is the design phase of the game which uses the software engineering technique The design phase translates what the system is 32 supposed to do into how the system does it in the particular software and hardware configuration During this phase the process generates software components modules interfaces and database s tables The details of this phase also verify application control flow data structure algorithms and program components The restaurant simulation is designed according to the process oriented design The process of design starts with developing a structure chart a physical database and program specification The structure chart is the result of transforming the data flow diagram with its functional elements and identifying the clustering of subprocess based on major business functions The functions are either input process or output The input function mainly retrieves data and prepares it for the process The process functions transform data values by mathematic functions according to the business rules The output functions send the data either to storage another process or screen The algorithm then is generated to describe the data structure element At the moment the screen input and output are created
99. se situation expense Detail situation expense Name situation expense Amount MonthlyExpense AS Mep From situation expense WHERE situation expense situation number amp CStr n amp SaveData VScrolll Change For I 0 To Count 1 Set objControl Controls i If Left objControl Name 3 obj Then objControl Top VScrolll h h h objControl Height 255 End If Next VScrolll Scroll Dim i objControl h h 0 For i 0 To Count 1 Set objControl Controls i If Left objControl Name 3 obj Then objControl Top VScrolll 88 h h objControl Height End If Next Graphic User Interfaces Table A 4 Main Window 1 A finance frame 2 A productivity frame 3 A market demand frame 4 CATscanner model 5 Timing frame The finance frame contains three text boxes cash receivable cash and credit The productivity frame contains raw materials and product on hand textboxes The sale demand frame contains sales and demand textboxes Table A 5 Object Script with Properties mainmenu 1 VERSION 5 00 Begin VB Form mainmenu BackColor amp HO0EOEO0E0 amp Caption Model ClientHeight 6645 ClientLeft 1425 ClientTop 1470 ClientWidth 9735 LinkTopic Forml ScaleHeight 6645 Scale Width 9735 Begin VB Timer Timer Interval 100 Left 1920 Figure A 5 CATscannse Model 97
100. second month processes give the report as a report box that is connected to the circular box When the first month of the simulation generates a 59 report the situation decision will be shown The four decisions in the second month will be considered from which one will be selected Each selection choice will be related to the resulting impacted factors which are resulted in the second month report 4 3 1 Beginning Simulation Suppose that the restaurant s factors are in the following Table 4 1 before running the business operation Table 4 1 Situation Factor Current Data Max_delivery_time 3 ch Maximum timer to delivery Gametime 3 cl The period of timer MK_H_demand 0 cl Hourly demand for the market timeordermaterialwait 0 cl Time order tracking check transfer waiting 0 cl Check transfer tracking credit transfer waiting 0 cl Credit transfer tracking Production Chef 2 ch Number of Chef hiring Sale Waiter 1 ch Employee who work in the restaurant driving sale volume Sale delivery_man 2 ch Employee number to delivery Pizzas Sale waiter_capability 10 ch Capability to serve for an hour Sale delivery capability 10 ch Capability to send pizza a round Business time 8 ch The business work time a day giving hours work a day Demand PriceBase 14 Standard price in the market Production Equipment 1 ch Machine and Equipment to produce Pizza Production pizza ingredient 2 ch Units number of Materials use for
101. splitting them up by market segment The developers enhanced game play by including more powerful what ifs These what if projections appear at the bottom of the screen and change as data is placed in the various screens of decision inputs e g labor production shipping marketing finance Feedback is automatically updated on the bottom of the screen which helps to avoid the time consuming process of viewing separate what if screens Projections are provided on revenues net income earnings per share return on equity and cash balance The decision support system also provides feedback on the number of workers needed for a given level of production based on productivity levels and other what ifs pertinent to the submenu a player happens to be in Error trapping has been expanded so that the program will not accept any decision entry that falls outside the valid range or is of the wrong type Thompson and Stappenbeck took a philosophical stance on the use of decision support systems in total enterprise simulations Their contention was that users of the simulation should receive any information they could possibly want However it is up to the user to assess the information provided and use it in decision making For this reason the BSG is replete with screenfuls of pertinent information concerning competitors and what ifs Competitor analysis has been enhanced by including a separate company analysis disk with the program Teams are p
102. ss material to be a main part in the game using the computer technique The simulation feature is included as a characteristic of the game The objectives of the game are to develop a tool in which the user can examine business experiences and the idea of cross functional area in the organization The instructor will 11 use the game to create the series of situations which demonstrate the business lessons in the class The development of the simulation game is dependent upon the software engineering technique Two sections are devoted to this development one is targeted to an instructor and the other is for a student The result of the research includes the software package with installation files source code and game documentation iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is a part of my graduated education which I dedicate to Department of Management Technology at University of Wisconsin Stout I hope this study will assist the business education I would like to begin by thanking my thesis advisor Professor Kevin McDonald from the Business Department who inspired me for the thesis topic I would like to thank Dr Thomas A Lacksonen my program director who suggested me about guidance and technical problems I would also like to thank Brian at Multicultural Department for proofing my paper I would like to thank the people who have developed the simulation games who gave me the direction of doing this thesis I would like to thank
103. t Zoom 100 40 Income Statement Revenue Sale Cost And Expenses Cost of good sold Depreciation Gas Electric and Power Insurant Rent Salary Lost Profit 54 940 99 54 940 99 22 000 00 3 000 00 1 962 18 5 000 00 5 000 00 8 000 00 44 962 18 9 978 81 Statement Of Owner s Equity Last month earning Lost Profit Current earning 2 000 00 9 978 81 11 978 81 Pages M fi DCI 3 The fourth GUI is a window which contains three components a situational problem its solutions and a confirm button The user can read text data in the first part The text described the situation or problem This is followed by the next component It provides alternatives to the problem They are in option boxes which the user can click on choose a particular answer The users need the knowledge that they have learned in their business classes to consider each alternative Figure 4 4 The OK button is provided to confirm their answer The situation and alternative choice will change the factor variables some of which are shown in Figure 4 2 They will affect the next result 41 and the best alternative in this round will be explained after closing the following month s report window Figure 4 4 Situational Decision screen The Economictum down C Cutting Salary C Adding more advertising Ok Please Choose one Alternative Z 4 1 2
104. t box next to the operational symbols box is for a number to complete the mathematical calculation for the factor After the user fills out all data they may click the ok button to select or cancel to deny the data For example if the factor is population the operational symbol is a plus sign and the calculation number is 300 then the new population value is the last population plus 300 Figure 4 7 Insert Factor screen Insert Factor Cancel Figure 4 8 shows the situational expense window The title of this window will tell the status of the window whether it will insert update or delete The user can select the base factor in the first combo box or drop down menu box This factor will be multiplied by the value number that is in the last textbox The textbox detail will be used to retrieve the expense text that will be shown in the student report 47 Figure 4 8 Update Expense screen Update Expense Base waiter Y Detail Li ido OK Cancel Value 5 4 2 Running the Simulation Game This section will sequentially describe all processes each of which is called a module It will determine the modules tasks and their functions which are controlled by programming statements and programming variables The modules include some mathematic functions composed of business factors Some module characteristics are related to graph interface behavior For example the click event in a button box will
105. t with the simulations The first simulation brings the idea of a working routine that utilizes the computer timer technique a set of commands that work in every time period This first simulation formulates the operational functions which are manipulated by the business factors The factor elements use the same platform which is numerical data in the second simulation The situational scenario therefore includes mathematical formulas to determine the factors value The instructor can create a situation and a set of alternatives in which only one is the best This is the fundamental idea of the game system Development of the Simulation Game The three sections includs in this part are analysis design and software requirement Analysis The game development refers to the software engineering s function software analysis This step of development defines what a given application will do based on two types of software engineering methodologies process oriented and data oriented The process oriented method is used to analyze the restaurant simulation but the data oriented method is used to analyze the situational simulation The process methodologies take a structured top down approach to evaluate the sequential processes and the data flow diagrams with which they are connected In the data oriented methodology the development starts with an analysis of the processes relationships to determine and underline the data architectu
106. the ability to process yearly decisions for four to sixteen teams of students in a fictitious industry The third edition of Thompson and Stappenbeck s popular game offers subtle changes for the players and substantial changes for game administrators The BSG competes in the arena of total enterprise simulations with other remarkable titles such as The Business Policy Game Cotter amp Fritsche 1995 Intopia Thorelli Graves amp Lopez 1995 Strategy Priesmeyer 1993 Corporation Smith amp Golden 1994 CEO Thavikulwat 1991 and Micromatic Scott Strickland Hofmeister amp Thompson 1992 to name a few The popularity of the BSG is its positioning alongside the most popular strategy text Thompson and Strickland s Strategic Management Concepts and Cases 1996 The third edition of the BSG possesses a wide array of changes and enhancements One such revision is the depiction of markets Versions one and two of the BSG modeled one quality level for the four markets available for selling products three branded areas of North America Asia and Europe and the private label market in North America Version three allows teams to differentiate by offering different quality levels in each of the markets In addition teams can vary the number of models e g product line breadth in each of the markets The intent of the developers was to allow a more varied strategy for game players by using the same variables but
107. those firms that choose to be industry leaders may not 23 perform as well as firms that choose to enter an established market Brozik and Zapalska 2000 p 417 Students learn to change their initial strategic plan because of the dynamic nature of the market If they recognize the opportunity they can change their strategy to offer high priced meals and obtain the additional needed raw materials at low prices This shows a dynamic and adaptive market strategy The optimal solution guides students to understand how mathematical techniques can be used in a business environment An instructor can also illustrate the sensitivity of optimally mixing the inputs and students can be shown that seemingly minor changes in a mix of inputs can significantly alter the optimal mix of outputs Conclusion of games reviewed These games reviewed give an overview of the simulation game market evaluating both the commercial and educational sectors Instructors usually prefer to facilitate and use real case situations in their class rather than lecture Although simulation games are vastly used in the classroom some researches and articles have pointed out the inherent problems of simulation gaming Complexity of Simulation Game The game s complexity designated the optimum team size for playing It confirmed that students did not truly understand each other in their group about performing the decisions Some professors found it was crucial to allow geogr
108. tory knowledge and your factory s products Using the R amp D Department is a good strategy for a player A player can operate what the scientists are working on The trick is not to research something that several other factories know how to make they probably already have products on the market Instead the factory should stay on the culture of innovation bearing in mind that a more complex a product takes longer to research In addition there are levels to product development The player will not able to research a level 3 product until having researched a couple at level 2 A product s description is shown in the following detail what materials are required to produce it estimated market price product size to calculate the space it will take up in the warehouse and factory resources involved in producing it It is safe to say that a factory that does not invest in research will have a difficult time winning the game Michael Gonsalves 2000 The Business Strategy Snyder 1996 found the following Game the Business Strategy game BSG is third version regarding to Wolfe s 1994 review in Simulation amp Gaming The BSG is an international total enterprise game with separate markets for North America Europe and Asia Student teams compete in four footwear markets three branded geographic markets of North America plants in Ohio and Texas Europe and Asia and a private label market in North America Game administrators have
109. txtexpFactor Height 1815 Left 3960 TabIndex ES Top 240 Width 10293 End Begin VB ListBox ListofFactors DataMember Situation Factors DataSource DBSituation Height 1815 Left 120 TabIndex 7 Top 240 Width 0549935 End End Begin VB PictureBox picButtons Align 2 Align Bottom Appearance 0 Flat BorderStyle O None ForeColor amp H80000008 amp Height 660 Left R ScaleHeight 660 ScaleWidth 6675 TabIndex 1 Top 8145 Width 6675 Begin VB Data Data Caption Datal Connect Access 2000 DatabaseName C thesis base mdb DefaultCursorType 0 DefaultCursor DefaultType 2 UseODBC Exclusive 0 False Height 375 Left 360 Options 0 ReadOnly 0 False RecordsetType 1 Dynaset RecordSource situation Top 0 Width 5415 End Begin VB CommandButton cmdRefresh 136 Figure A 10 Situation Series Window 137 er SeriesType Schedule External Environment y Month Year Factors ListofFactors Add Factor Update Factor Delete Factor Expenses ListExpense Add Expense Update Expense Delete Expense 1 The mathematical function area of situational factor 2 The description of the 138 business factor 3 3 and 4 are the object interfaces The first and areas are details which are in text boxes and combo box of situational factor
110. uation number Data Recordset situation number Set rs db Execute strsql If ListofFactors ListCount gt 0 Then ListofFactors Clear End If Do While Not rs EOF ListofFactors AddItem rs Fields var name amp amp rs Fields operator amp amp rs Fields var num rs MoveNext Loop Control Situational Expense Dim db strsql rs i Set db DBSituation DBSituation If Data Recordset AbsolutePosition 1 Then Data Recordset MoveLast strsql select from situation Expense where situation number amp Data Recordset situation number Set rs db Execute strsql If ListExpense ListCount gt 0 Then ListExpense Clear End If Do While Not rs EOF 126 ListExpense AddItem rs Fields detail amp amp rs Fields Amount E amp rs Helds Base rs MoveNext Loop Add Situational Series Dim newnum If Data Recordset RecordCount lt gt 0 Then Data Recordset MoveLast newnum Data Recordset number 1 Data Recordset AddNew Data Recordset number newnum Data Recordset Update Data Recordset MoveLast Data Caption Series amp CStr Data Recordset RecordCount Else Data Recordset AddNew Data Recordset number 1 Data Recordset Update Data Recordset MoveLast End If Edit Situational Series If Data Recordset RecordCount lt gt 0 Then Data Recordset Edit Data Recordset Update End If Delete Situational Series If Data Recordset RecordCo
111. uational simulation which is internal or external environmental conditions in the restaurant business and situation alternatives for a student to make the best decision The game uses images text boxes combo boxes and list boxes in windows to interact with the users 4 1 1 Graphical Interface of Simulation Game The first part of the game is designed for students in a business class The main objective in this part is to operate the restaurant simulation and to make the best decision for a given situational problem The goal of the business simulation is to generate maximum profit which is measured by monthly earnings Every alternative brings different consequences for the user s simulation varying from cutting operation costs to stimulating the restaurant s market share There are four graphic user interfaces GUI in this part The first two GUIs contain information about the operation telling the status of the business The next interface is a report of the operation The last interface shows a situational problem and alternatives from which a student can select one The first graphic user interface is a window that contains running numbers of factors in the operation timing values to indicate the game time and the model of the business The user will consider those numbers in making a decision about the given business situational problem The CATscanner model on the right side of the form Figure 4 1 depicts the relationship between t
112. ulation attempts to duplicate the activities of a real world system with a computer program From this viewpoint reality is the ideal a simulation that duplicates reality with more reliability is better than one that duplicates reality with less reliability Thus complex simulations are favored for they better mirror the complexity of reality Thavikulwat 1991 Because of the complexity s contribution to learning effectiveness it has been interested Butler Pray amp Strang 1997 Those complexities in the game often focus on the number of decisions to be made observed by Brehmer and Allard 1991 Three components make the business game complex a decision types b number of decisions per cycle and c size of the players manual interfaces They can use these to judge a game complexity with quantitative dimension Wolfe 1978 According to Wolfe s comment the decision cycle time is also an important variable for players but 26 they do not always pay attention to it Keys and Wolf 1990 However the time cycle factor tends to make the game more complex It is considered a process related factors rather than a structural factor The business games carefully and closely link two factors time cycle and number of decisions Keys and Wolfe 1990 New paradigm of simulations were developed to add a dynamic aspect to the teaching and to provide more involvement of instructors ideas to present to their classes Other Views o
113. unt 0 Then DBSituation DBSituation Execute delete from situation factor where situation number CStr Data Recordset Number DBSituation DBSituation Execute delete from situation expense where situation number CStr Data Recordset Number Data Recordset Delete If Data Recordset RecordCount Data Recordset AbsolutePosition 1 Then Data Recordset MovePrevious Else Data Recordset MoveNext End If End If Add Situational Factor frmFactors Show frmFactors ZOrder frmFactors Caption Insert Factor If Caption Insert Factor Then frmSeries ListofFactors AddItem ComboFactor Text ComboListOp Text txtvalue Text Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql INSERT INTO situation factor situation number var 127 name operator var num values amp frmSeries Data Recordset situation number amp amp ComboFactor Text amp amp ComboListOp Text amp 0 amp txtvalue Text amp db Execute strsql End If Edit Situational Factor frmFactors Show frmFactors ZOrder frmFactors Caption Update Factor If Caption Update Factor Then If frmSeries ListofFactors ListIndex lt gt 1 Then frmSeries ListofFactors Removeltem frmSeries ListofFactors ListIndex frmSeries ListofFactors AddItem frmFactors ComboFactor Text frmFactors ComboListOp Text frmFactors txtvalue Text Set db DBSituation DBSituation strsql INSERT IN
114. usiness knowledge This means the result of the game tests both the process and the output data from the input data This validity process is shown in the process description the results of which discussed in Chapter 4 34 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND FINDINGS This chapter will present the results and discuss the findings The results were determined in the following order 1 Outlook of Game Graphical Interface of Simulation Game Graphical Interface of Instructor Model 2 Running Simulation Game 2 1 Running Restaurant Simulation 2 1 1 Main Modules 2 1 2 Restaurant Simulation 2 1 3 Restaurant Operation Monthly Report 2 1 4 Business Situation and Alternatives 2 2 Running Situational Simulation 3 Simulation Study Case 3 1 Beginning Simulation 3 2 Situations at the End of the First Month 3 3 Comparing results of the running simulation Outlook of Game A pizza restaurant is selected to represent the general business concepts As the result of the development the interfaces are divided into two parts student and instructor 35 In the first part of the game the processes of the restaurant operation are simulated behind user interfaces meaning that the user will see the results of running processes on the screen The users learn the business concept by the game process The game shows various situational problems and the user selects the best alternative decision of solving the problems In the other part instructors can create a sit
115. usiness simulation game has been traced back to use in China around 5 000 year ago Wolfe and Crookall 1998 However the new age of business simulation just started around the nineteen the century The game Monopolog was created to simulate the Air Force supply system for inventory managers for inventory managers Jackson 1959 The American Management Association AMA later on developed the well known business game Top Management Decision Simulation used in management seminars and administered by the AMA Meier Newell and Pazer 1969 It was from material used in the business class at the University of Washington in 1957 Watson 1981 From this point the number of business simulation games expanded rapidly The estimated number over 100 business games have been referred to and played by business executives Kibbee Craft and Nanus 1961 and business schools have used simulation games in their training programs While Burgess 1991 has reported on business simulation game usage in the Untied Kingdom McKenna 1991 conducted 15 research on business usage in Australia Subsequently Chang 1997 observed the used of simulation games in Hong Kong According to Faria 1998 business simulation has been known for 40 years and it has been grown at an exceeding rate The term cutting edge teaching was introduced by Wolfe 1993 Existing Games in the Market The following reviewed simulation games that have been posted and

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATIONAL SIMULATION GAME

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