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IE-UM-00165-001 RFA641 User Manual

1. Figure 85 Interrogation Controls First of all the interrogation controls must be set These allow you to select the interrogation type d A A L P 4 5 F4 L LP 5 P4 Mode 5 Modes A4P4 Mode Cd Figure 86 Interrogation Type The following Uplink formats are supported UF 4 UFS UF 11 UF 20 UF 21 UF24 UFO UF16 UF1 Figure 87 RFA Transponder Tests Uplink Formats An aircraft address specific for the interrogation can be entered Upon changing the UF format the fields specific for that format will be presented 1 UF4 5 11 20 21 specific interrogation fields Pera S Bilis UE Figure 88 Specific Interrogation Fields 2 UF20 21 additionally the MA data field becomes available IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 78 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 MAJMU 56 e066 5F00 O00 UU Figure 89 MA Field 3 UF24 specific interrogation fields Roe Nic IS Me 2 o EO Figure 90 UF 24 Fields 5 Now build an interrogation list Anumber of controls and related fields are present to allow the user to create an Interrogation List Once the general parameters the Interrogation type format and field data are entered the interrogation can be entered in the Int List by clicking the In ol button The interrogation type and number of interrogations are entered in the list the details of the selected interrogation are copied to the Int Details De
2. The Uplink is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Uplink S button Make the connections as shown in Annex 2 Uplink Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 21 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 gt Radar Field Analyser vi EVO mec e viO File M Receiver i Rx Freq 1030 00 Mhz Max width us r Sample Window dBm R Sampling speed 10 0 z 16 Mhz 4us si L M Trigger 10 0 20 0 r Progress 80 0 File usage 0 kb IE LOS Time 0 0 Tel I Dia Pulse count 0 Figure 8 Uplink Software 3 3 Software 1 The RFA Recorder software contains four programs Scope k Spectrum Transmit Figure 9 Measurement type selection e Pulse program records pulses in a compact format 8 bytes sample The data recorded is minimized describing only the amplitude and timing of each pulse in 8 bytes One should use this program for all Uplink HPD measurements e Scope program records detailed pulse images in 62 samples 128 bytes pulse The Scope program logs the complete pulse shape to disk since 128 bytes are used for each pulse This program can be used to record pulses in special conditions such as in extreme reflective environments or to completely view the pulses if no oscilloscope is available e Spectrum program scope recordi
3. 14 15 Note For systems containing mode 1 and mode 2 interrogations the P3 pulse will not be extracted by the current HPD extraction mechanism Since for mode 1 interrogations P3 might be masked by P2 it is not advisable to use it for the extraction of the Sum diagram In this case P1 must be used to create the antenna diagram for the Sum channel P2 is of course used for the extraction of the SLS If you want to examine each pulse in the HPD graph in detail the View HPD program contains the feature to reconstruct the pulses in detail in the time domain This function can be enabled with the Scope check box of the HPD graph If this button is checked the pulses can be selected on the graph by using the cursor and can be examined in detail in the scope graph in the lower left corner All pulses within 50us before and after the selection are redrawn in this scope graph This allows you to examine particular cases of a reflection or strange swapping of the pulse modes Some simple editing functions for the HPD curve are also available If for any reason the curve still contains erroneous points due to interference from TCAS other radars DME etc the user can manually remove any unwanted points This is done by positioning the cursor on that point and clicking the Clear SS button The unwanted point will disappear from the curve Make sure the scope function see above is disabled in order to remove the points lf the radar u
4. cssscccssscccssecesnecesnenensnsesansessnnsneanesecansceanssseansesnesansnnesnenaes 17 Figure 5 Measured YIG filter attOnuatiOn cccccscccsseecsseccnnensnesesnnseeanesennscsenssenansesanesenansesanesenansesonees 18 Figure 6 LRU499 Calibration Table cssccccsscccsssensnnnsnsnnenennesesanenessescsansssaassesansnsanesesanessenessaeeansnsesaesgnes 19 Figure 7 LRU499 Device INTOFMNGAUON E 19 PIQUE 8 UPIINk SOTWANC serisi na E EEE iE ERE AEREE SEEE EEEE 22 Figure 9 Measurement type SCICCtION c1ccccecccneennnseennscenensanecnneneanecsanneanecsansennessanssaneenennecnenaesnennennanaes 22 Fig re 10 Recording DAU ssssissrriseeroii inaner in aE EE EEEE ASEE EEEE ASETE EER 22 Figure 11 Te ET 23 Figure 12 Uplink pulse e e d EE 24 Fig ure 13 Freguency SWEECD PUNCH OM si E 25 Figure 14 Frequency SWEEP Y AXIS SCIOCHON EE 25 PIQUIC TTT 26 Figure 16 External Receiver Call Dau On DEE 27 Pigure 17 LRU External Ca Ola DEE 27 Figure 18 View RFA Pulses SOPftWALEC 1 1cccssecccseeccnesccnsnsaneneaansnsauenesanecsenssenansesanssecansesanesesaesansnseeaesnnes 28 Figure 19 View Scope RECOlGING E 29 Figure 20 PSR Pulse File Cxample 1 c 1 scscsssccccnencnenccenncnenenensencnenenscensenensnscenuenenacassansnenanseennesenessnsenensans 30 Figure 21 SSR Pulse File TT 30 Figure E E de E 30 Figure 23 Select Pulses For HPD ExtractiOnl cccssscccssecncnnececsneccenesenansesanenenansesanesesanscsansseaansssansssnan
5. v Amplitude V 2 2 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 2 1 1 1 I 1 I Jl 0 10 20 20 40 S0 60 lt 79 I 1500 us i i 10 Trigger delay us 1500 view DA 60 0 1 f 50 0 100 0 IE 48 z IDT 1y ay X Com Jeo es e co im Comment Figure 51 STC measurement result In case the measurement result is not as expected the procedure can be halted by pressing the Halt pl button 5 For MSSR stations proceed with the measurements of the Delta D and Omega al channels Press the respective buttons on the software front panel change the connections as described in the pop up window and repeat step 4 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 51 110 ri Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 6 When all channels are measured click the Save button to save the measurement data to disk The VI will prompt a standard file dialog by default pointing to the CALIB subdirectory of the MSSR or PSR subdirectory of the active campaign folder Type in the desired file name and save the data on disk or select Cancel if you do not wish to save the results 4 4 Sectorial STC 4 4 1 Theory The Sectorial STC measurement result consists of an RF input power versus time table presented versus azimuth To be able to measure the gain vs time delay the RFA641 needs to be synchronised to the interrogation signal of the radar under test The int
6. The RFA641 is normally connected to the workstation If this is not the case the tool can also be used offline so you can simply check the scenario or use the tool for educational purposes In case the RFA641 can not be found following dialog box will be shown AN Warning Sorry the RFA can not be Found Please verify if the RFA is properly onnected and powered up lick continue to use bool off line 30000 O ae Continue Figure 108 RFA not found warning message Click on the Continue button if you want to proceed off line If not connect the RFA641 to the USB2 bus and click Retry 10 3 2 Scenario Selection Now select a scenario folder Ral that contains the scenario that was previously compiled in the scenario generator the file path will appear in the Scenario folder control 10 3 3 Vertical Diagram Selection Next select a Vertical diagram These can typically be found in the Campaign folder under PSR VPD CURVES and can be evoked using this button les After selection of the VPD curve the tool will try to open the Site file The site file can be used to enter the Antenna Gain Frequency of the radar Tx power and k factor parameters These are used to determine the absolute gain of the antenna as a function of elevation of the targets The gain of Channel 2 and 3 Gain Ch2 is not used in this application neither is the Rx sensitivity Select the vertical model 1 1 earth 4 3 earth 5 4 earth or cust
7. 27217 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 IER FA Ay A Interrogation Figure 24 View Timing window extracting the Stagger pattern The X axis shows the pulse index the Y axis shows the corresponding time interval between pulses in us taking into account the timing filter parameters that can be set using the two controls at the right side of the window A number of parameters are calculated from the selected portion of the stagger pattern and are shown in the info fields in the View Timing window IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 31 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Holdoff us Filter HoldofF D Holdoff Mode 5 Figure 25 Classical SSR Mode S Selection The Filter control allows you to select between the timing filter options For mode 1 2A C only radar systems select the Holdoff mode In this case the Holdoff control will become visible Each time a P1 is counted a hold off time of 30 us is started so that P2 and P3 can be skipped It is default set at 30uUs so that no periods between P1 and P2 or P3 are taken into account For mode S radar systems set the filter control to ModeS to only use the mode A C interrogation pattern to determine the antenna pattern In this case the holdoff parameter is dimmed and omitted 5 Select the stagger pattern lt If a repetitive stagger pattern can be found by the software The pattern and t
8. D IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 108 110 Z ri Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 12 Annex 12 RFA Primary Target Injection Connection Diagram Dig Timing Signals 15pHD to 5BNC cable Dig Signal Power Connection USB Connection with Computer Set up Guidelines A Use sufficient attenuation between the radar coupling connection and the RFA Tx connector in order not to damage the RFA Tx output This output can accept no more than 30dBm 1W reverse power A typical application with a 1MW 60dB and 30dB circulator would still require minimal 30dB attenuation between the circulator port and the RFA Figure 124 RFA Primary Target Injection Connection Diagram D D IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 109 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 13 Annex 13 Configuration List Check Qty Description Item List Radar Field Analyser Radar Field Analyser RFA641 3 5GHz option Mains power cable USB cable A to B 3m O O O O RFA Accessories Log Periodic Antenna 900 3300MHz LPA114 Antenna tripod Vanguard Mk 2 Antenna cable MCX m to BNC m RG316 1m BNC m to BNC m RG223 4m black BNC m to BNC m RG223 0 5m black BNC m to BNC m RG223 0 16m black BNC m to BNC m RG223 0 16m white 15pHD to 5 BNC m cable 1 8m Monitor output Cable DB9 m to BNC m RG316 2m green BNC f straight adaptor DC 4GHz Attenuator 10dB BNC DC 4GHz
9. This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a note which alerts you to important information A Caution This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a caution which alerts you to the possibility of data loss or a system crash Te Warning This icon to the left of bold italicized text denotes a warning which alerts you to t he possibility of damage to you or your equipment IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 11 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Edition Date 26 Nov 09 ACP Azimuth Change Pulse ADS B Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast ARP Azimuth Reference Pulse ATC Air Traffic Control CW Continuous wave dB Decibel DME Distance Measuring Equipment Downlink The signal path from aircraft to ground DSTC Digital Sensitivity Time Control FRUIT False Replies Unsynchronized In Time unwanted SSR replies received by an interrogator which have been triggered by other interrogators HPD Horizontal Polar Diagram IE Intersoft Electronics IF Intermediate Frequency LVA Large Vertical Aperture antenna Monopulse Radar receiving processing technique used to provide a precise bearing measurement MSSR Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar NM Nautical Mile unit of distance OTD Out of Tolerance Data PPI Plan Position
10. UE ag ih Range hon us xtra bon lide Atk Fix e 000 dB Nm Extra a Att var h Lens effect Atmospheric att v v l 20 0 ere Bt SEN S S v r A e Si D KA s o ke tthe m RE ei e GR GN fir ze d dag GH wb e H ges 2 H b 7 Fs a D e 2 we P en Ze a8 wid Fea EE bh 120 0 Nm l l l 80 0 90 0 100 0 110 0 x scale Range v 1 30 0 40 0 Figure 113 Scenario Compilation The window will show the compilation process while the scenario is being calculated If you see that the parameters are wrong or you still want to modify something you can enter different values in the Parameter section and recompile the data by clicking the Recompile button If you wish to stop the compilation process use the Cancel button The window will also show the maximum output RFA power using the selected Coupling attenuator by means of the upper blue line in the graph Any target higher than this line will be clipped creating a square target HPD The minimal line is also shown This is the mini than that line is generated IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 mal value the RFA can generate correctly No target lower User Manual_pl odt 96 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Obviously after observing this data the user can decide to increase or decrease the Coupling attenuator to bring the scenario within the allowed dynamic range You can also
11. e Type The type of Radar Cross section that is simulated This selector selects the type of swirling case to be generated The swirling case changes the RCS according to a statistical function The distribution is described in many reference works but we used the distribution from M I Skolnik Introduction to Radar Systems o Fixed RCS means the return power is fixed in time and space o Swirling type means the reply power of the target changes from scan to scan according to the Rayleigh distribution o Swirling type Il means the reply power of the target changes from reply pulse to reply pulse according to the Rayleigh distribution o Swirling type Ill means the reply power of the target changes from scan to scan according to a modified distribution o Swirling type IV means the reply power of the target changes from reply pulse to reply pulse according to a modified distribution Histogram Histogram E AE SR 8 BC 3 Ee e EE E E ER EE ocurences 1 j 1 1 1 I 0 o D 5 it 0 ils 5 2 0 2 5 J 0 3 5 4 o 4 5 z 0 Ho lee ala he et ee SH Re ees Gy RCS RCS average RCS RCS average Figure 110 Swirling type LI left and type III IV right e RFA Attenuator The attenuation between the RFA641 output Tx connection and the input of the radar receiver This attenuation is added to the calculated return power to determine the RFA641 output power e Pulsewidth The pulsewidth of the generated returns e Targ
12. fingerprint of the specific radar under test After this fingerprinting the software will deal with extracting the different HPD curves from the recorded pulses The View RFA Pulses tool can be opened from the RASS S Toolbox using the Uplink E View Recorded Pulses button select i View RFA pulses vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help e wilktagadkt el TEIlolelltal r SC EE e ee DE EE e e EE Ee Eet 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 7 0 75 80 85 90 ag 10 0 K ler Poresghtia6 6 f40 0 Jas OL Je gt ze A gt Sab Ee BR Treshold f70 0_ f90 0_ ds LIE Index r Info an dB Pulses scope GE E a 40 0 4 60 0 80 0 100 0 Un AE HD vg am 1 1 j 1 1 Sh cil cit sj eh 2 et et S Figure 18 View RFA Pulses software 3 3 3 2 View RFA Pulses 1 Select the measurement type SSR or PSR in the Set Up field at the bottom of the window and click the Load button 2 Adialog box will pop up You will be able to select Pulse files or Scope files as they were recorded with the RFA Recorder If a Pulse file pls is selected then go straight on to point 2 If a scope file is selected scp or if the RFA Recorder is in scope mode when the View Data button is pressed the View Scope Recording window will open first IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 28 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition
13. of about 20dBm In most cases however the connection will take place through a fixed coupler already present in the system This attenuation must also be taken into account when filling in the Attenuation parameter Therefore if the receiver is measured through an extra fixed coupler of 30dB the transmission power must be set to 50dBm extra attenuation in this case is 60dB 2 Set the Center Frequency the Frequency Sweep and the Frequency Step For M SSR radars the first is always 1090Mhz If a PSR radar is to be calibrated set it to the correct Rx frequency The IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 47 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 RFA641 frequency ranges from 800 to 3500Mhz The frequency sweep is usually set to 30MHz while the step is set at 0 1MHz 3 Setthe Trigger selection The Bandwidth measurement is performed at a certain delay after the trigger pulse be sure to set the Delay after Trigger value If the measurement is performed without applying a trigger pulse the tool will use a PRF of 1 Timeout The Calibration Pulse field continuously monitors the signal available on the Ch2 video input at the selected frequency You can control the frequency directly by adjusting the Tx frequency control and check the pulse shape and amplitude available 4 Make the correct connections for the calibration of the channel according to the set up window and click the Sum button A dialog b
14. 104 04 35 106 0 36 4 108 0 34 110 0 112 0 32 114 04 30 R oo mM Sch l l l l l l l l l l l d l hook i hh io ele e 199 0 200 0 201 0 azimuth deg elevation deg Figure 106 VPD and HPD diagrams 10 1 3 Software Principles The Target injection tool consists of two software modules which can both be loaded from the RASS S toolbox The first tool is used to create the scenario This can be performed by opening the Trajectory scenario generator tool and following the correct instructions for generation of a target generation scenario All the details of the scenario generator can be found in the RES scenario generation manual One should especially take care not to generate overlapping targets since this it is not possible to generate such targets using this generator The PSR target generator typically uses the output S4TJ file of the trajectory scenario generator so the same principles as used for generation of RES targets can be applied Of course PSR targets do not have an A code or S address but we advise you to generate a unique A code for every target anyway This A code can be used for selection of a certain target e g when recording video automatically The second tool consist of the actual target injection part and the compiler which requires a number of steps to be performed e Selection of the scenario to be replayed e Selection of the Vertical diagram of your antenna Solar curve or import of
15. 500hm Attenuator 20dB BNC DC 4GHz 500hm Directional coupler ZFDC 10 5 BNC DC AC Inverter 12V gt 115V IEC 320 Extension Lead Socket Plug DIN 4165 socket to battery clamps O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 n nA A Aa NNa A A ech A sech gt sech wech IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 110 110
16. 99 Test scenario definition and transponder properties Then the scenario is compiled and played using the RFA ADSB control tool The output of the ADS B ground receiver send using a UDP Broadcast data stream of ASTERIX cat 21 is recorded using a separate laptop D D SG e e e e e ee e ee e e e e ee e ee e ee ee e ee e ee e ee e ee ee e e ee e ee ee e ee e ee e ee e ee e ee e e e e e e e e IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual D odt 84 1 10 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 1 OG i Protocol Viewer vi Ta E g m D a D B L ei DE 2 MSG 1 1 No ARP ACP info available el i gt Inventory k a EES a Lal oi eil m el GEZ a IO Le ei M lta SI D ETTET S6 ADSB TRIALS BRETIGNY140306 DATAIRAW a EDR Fie Format z ONO Delay ed Leg Lens ngth 3 Q Relative A RDR ADSB TEST T3 S o orma Oo Z Absolute Latitude deg Not defined r Comm Layer r Line selection sn Ap epr Read positio a als a ll Ji 1 ASTERIX z e or inDCE z fo se o eneen CSC IT ee kb i Rx analysis r Search Q H Ta EURT Ce noth Gas T Scan P rams S K ie s Sic Bog o e 840 T tR Azimuth de deg B SEO Aen KC SC SBT Loo It d rier r Display A n aa Time of Da E UTC Timing messages Time 12 33 21 3203 130 Position WGS 84 Coo rdinate LATITUDE tijg 84 SR SC de LONGITUDE eee en 3 712521 deg Q86 Aircraft addre 90 F igure of Me
17. AC Inverter 12V gt 115V Power Invertor Figure 119 RFA641 Downlink Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 104 110 m Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 8 Annex 8 RFM Function Connection Diagram D Field Set up P1 P2 P3 1030MHz Replies lt 0 5km 2km Zuu punoss prose 0 Stat osueYyD 20dB coupler ZFDC 20 05 USB Connection with Computer Connection to car battery or car lighter socket Power Invertor Set up Guidelines Make sure to have direct line of sight with the Radar under test avoid fences and wires Change the antenna height to avoid a minimum due to ground reflections Make an Uplink recording to check radar transmissions Choose the vertical antenna polarization Vertical polarization A Avoid nearby buildings or other structures reflecting large signals Avoid Rx Input saturation 10dBm Adjust attenuator to allow input level within 10 50dBm Figure 120 RFM Function Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 105 110 D D Z 3 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 9 Annex 9 Out beam Interference Generation Connection Diagram V SEE ACh l D ai WME Choose proper attenuator Radar System Connectors Encoder 4m BNC BNC cable Transceiver YIG Filter Radar Field Analyser RFA641 IE gt non O
18. Figure 74 Uplink program transmitting SAM pulses default settings The RFA641 is now transmitting the requested signal the RIM782 at the radar site can start recording the signal which is picked up by the radar under test Caution Always warn the people at the radar site of the fact that you will be transmitting a e signal for test purposes It is advised to use the antenna cable as on off switch to guarantee a limited transmission time Avoid interference to other users on the same frequency IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 67 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 6 Remote Fietp Monitor 6 1 Theory The Remote Field Monitor function is available for both the Radar Field Analyser and the RF Maintenance Unit RMU484 It consists of a programmable transponder function capable of supporting Mode 1 2 3 A C interrogation modes The software supports to set up a fixed target or a target following a programmable radial scenario 6 2 Getting Started The Remote Field Monitor function is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the RFM FREN list the function is called RFA amp RMU Remote Field Monitor for SSR button in the Make the connections as shown in Annex 8 RFM Function Connection Diagram The RMU RFA is connected to the antenna using a 20dB coupler ZFDC 20 5 The interrogations received from the antenna are injected in the input port of the coupler The coupler port is connected t
19. Started button The Rx Bandwidth is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Rx S Make the connections as shown in Annex 3 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 46 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Bandwidth Calibration vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help La 4 D D The Tool is not running dB Rx Bandwidth Calibrati Frequency Power Setting KX pandi ranon Al j d EEN Centerl1090 00 MHz Attenuation dB 0 000 Sweep 30 00 MHz lt gt 30 0 step 0 10 MHz 67 1TxPower 14 9 dBm 10 000 r Triggering Procedure Delay after trigger us i 20 000 x eent Ge Dynamic Pulse Width us O Static 30 000 Delay after Pulse 0 Jus r Calibration pulse v Amplitude y 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 Si 1 1 1 I 1 1 us 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Ltb gt soo MHz I I 1000 0 Tx frequency 3000 0 view E 80 000 90 000 100 0 00 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 r Comment 1000 0 1200 0 1400 0 1600 0 1800 0 2000 0 2200 0 2400 0 2600 0 2800 0 3000 0 MHz Hale Rx Bandwidth calc ipo aa Lo ae ae E mm e lt Figure 46 Receiver Bandwidth Measurement software 4 2 3 Software The software will ask to load the correct receiver calibration file This is necessary to be able to calculate the exact power le
20. USB Connection Power Connection with Computer Set up Guidelines A Make sure to switch the Radar transmitter off on the channel under test and turn automatic channel switching off before connecting the RFA Tx output to the Radar s Rx Rf input In case you want to perform a Downlink measurement afterwards use the preferred set up which includes the RVR Figure 115 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection Diagram D D Se e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 100 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 4 Annex 4 DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram A Q s I Wu 2 if i Out PL In Out PL In Ii Choose proper attenuator d gt Out In 4m BNC BNC cable Rf Test Pulse Injection Radar System Connectors Connect to Encoder ARP Dig Timing Signal 15pHD to 5BNC cable RFA Front Transceiver RFA Back BNC BNC cable Return Signal from Radar YIG Filt i dia Radar Field Analyser RFA641 IE In Out TIL Add attenuation in case video signal gt 2V USB Connection Power Connection with Computer Set up Guidelines A The set up is the same as set up 5 1b Rx Calibration except for the highlighted connection Make sure to switch the Radar transmitter off o
21. button A file dialog will pop up pointing to the Interrogations subdirectory of the active campaign folder that normally contains all recording folders available Open the recording folder of interest and select the file you want to view Each time the Record button was pressed in the Transponder Interrogator software a file was created Just select the file of interest and click the OK button 2 The file is loaded and the index slider is updated according to the number of interrogation reply pairs available in the logging View Transponder Test Data vi Logfile For video Date Time file WCAMPAIGN S61S AMPLE 4 gt a8 10 9 2009 INTERROGATIONS i gt 3 4 1 08 59 PM hb HS AOR n A nterrogation number 587 30 0 Max power 34 95 dBm Min power 80 00 dBm Max Ampl 1 16 y Min mpl 0 00 35 0 40 0 45 0 a i 112 a 115 0 120 0 125 0 130 0 135 0 I ajes SEF pee oe 54 52 damm oT 20 32 ps amp ID o d i Jk oe 47 67 Jdem F D y 6 85 dBm Int Detail H i 7 d Mode 4 55 0 60 0 65 0 70 0 ES Mode SSR A 7777 75 0 60 0 i Figure 97 View Interrogation results example IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 82 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 For each index the following information is presented Reply video in Volts or dBm Interrogation number Max and min reply voltage level and power level Detailed interrogation informat
22. cccsssccsssencssesecsnececsescnansesaansesasnsannsesaneceenssesanseansnnssaaenaes 70 Figure 77 Define MOVING SCCM AN E 71 Figure 78 Remote Field Monitor MOVING SC MA iO 1 cccssecccsseccsnnsnsnnenesnnsnsanesenansceansseanenaesensnensansnaes 71 Figure 79 Interference Generator SOPWALE cccsseccssecnseneeennnsnennenennecsenssenansnsansnecansesanesssansonsnsesaeenaes 72 Figure 80 Warning message RFA not FOUN cc11ccccssecessneccenesenansnsanssenansnsanesesanecsanssecansesaesonsnessansnans 72 Figure 81 Recalculating Fruit Rate Linmit ccccsccccssccsnencnneccnenenneceeseanecennssoneseenensneseensnsansesnansansnaeenenaes 14 Figure 82 FRUIT Content SOP D 75 Figure 83 Power amp Rate SCt U cc1scccsssccssseeessnsneanecesnneccenssecansnsanesecansneanesesanscsenssecansesanssenansesanesenansenanees 76 Figure 84 RFA Transponder Interrogator SOfWALEC cc11cccsescccsneeecsnecesnesenansnsnaesesansnenesesansseanesenansnsanes 77 Figure 85 Interrogation CONT ONS cccsssccssncstiecevenanevssvenatanseuatbsiaxnsuansasaveniuwercesdaeravevsesnnssanneextustonndeneaedeeerd wei 78 Figure 86 Interrogation 1 E 78 Figure 87 RFA Transponder Tests Uplink FOrimats 1ccssccssccseeeeecnenesessneccsessnensneccesaececessesseseesesaees 78 Figure 88 Specific Interrogation FICIGS EE 78 Figure CO ET ON 79 Figure 90 UF 24 Fil OS oe a E E E E EE E 79 ee 79 Figur 92 Reply VIdeo WIN e e 80 Fig re 93 Decode
23. coupling connection and the RFA641 in order not to damage the RFA641 output This output can accept no more than 30 dBm 1W reverse power so use sufficient attenuation A typical application with a 1 MW 60 dBW power and 30 dB circulator would still require minimal 30 dB attenuation between the circulator port and the RFA641 From range equation calculations the user can easily determine the exact value required for the external attenuation but a typical value of 70 dB is acceptable The attenuation value is also determined from the dynamic range required for the generation of the scenario The RFA typically has an output dynamic range of 15 to 45 dB accurate to 1 dB This implies that using a 70 dB attenuator targets between 55 and 115 dBm can be generated The following example shows a test flight over 10 100 Nm using a fixed RCS of 1 m Obviously when RCS is changed or swirling cases are included the dynamic range may change and the attenuator value should be changed according to the output dynamic range IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 88 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Power dBm Zaventem Power dBm f Range Nm rei 50 te 7 ji e f 1 1 1 1 f I l 1 i i l I 1 i 1 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 WeBackGround Amap Range Nm Figure 103 Example test flight 10 1 2 General Concepts The Target Injection is
24. external attenuator added is typically 30dB in order to reach the maximum receiver input power of about 20dBm In most cases however the connection will take place through a fixed coupler already present in the system This attenuation must also be taken into account when filling in the Attenuation parameter Therefore if the receiver is measured through an extra fixed coupler of 30dB the transmission power must be set to 50dBm extra attenuation in this case is 60dB The program will synchronize to the ARP and interrogations of the radar The azimuth information is indicated in the PPI Pict window Once the number of interrogations per revolution IPR is constant the azimuth can be calculated correctly and the measurement buttons are enabled 2 Set the time sweep parameters The sweep Start Delay is used to determine the time delay between the first test pulse and the trigger pulse The Stop Delay is used to determine the time delay between the last test pulse and the trigger pulse The RFA641 transmits a set of 128 RF pulses spread over the selected range from the set minimum Start Delay to the set maximum Stop Delay to measure the complete STC at once at the azimuth of the interrogation 3 The sectors parameter determines the number of measurements to be executed during one revolution In fact it acts as a divider for the IPR count so that each IPR sectors amount of triggers a measurement is performed Each time one of the measurement
25. of triggers a measurement is performed The interrogation trigger signal is used both as start of range and as azimuth indicator Due to limitations of the RFA641 digital input hardware only two timing signals can be connected simultaneously Therefore the interrogation count is also used to calculate azimuth The program will synchronize to the ARP and interrogations of the radar The azimuth information is indicated in the PPI Pict window Once the number of interrogations per revolution IPR is constant the azimuth can be calculated correctly and the measurement buttons are enabled 4 Before starting the measurement it is important to check the position of the output pulse and the 2 0 gt 3 0 3 5 4 5 et e i chi as Jus 20 sl IB Figure 58 Set sampling point of test pulse Use the cursor to set the sampling point for the pulse amplitude Once set click the Return button to return to the sectorial DSTC measurement program 5 If you want to perform the RFA Selftest Calibration later on this is possible by clicking the Cal RFA Li button 6 Make the correct connections for measuring the gt channel as described in the set up window and click the Sigma button A dialog box will prompt the user to check the connections of the different channels to the back panel Ch2 and the Tx of the RFA641 Confirm the connections by clicking the OK button IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 57 110 Radar
26. rfa_030218_141405 pls 3 14 08 PM Figure 30 Extracted HPD When the extraction process was successful the Time indicator will show the calculated revolution time and the antenna diagram will appear in the graph If the extraction process was not successful and the revolution time could not be calculated the Time indicator will display its default value 5 00 s in red Time 5 00 5 Figure 31 Revolution Time Unsuccessful Extraction The Index slider in the right hand bottom corner of the window indicates the number of revolutions found The HPD is now shown as amplitude dB or dBm versus azimuth graph Depending on the Rel Abs switch in the Set Up field the graph is shown in an absolute dBm scale or a relative dB scale In Absolute position the dBs are real dBms received at the RFA input In Relative position the data is shown relative to the maximum value detected in boresight made equal to 0 dB The View RFA Pulses program by default assumes that a detected revolution corresponds to 360 degrees In case you have performed a recording of an antenna with a certain scan width performing a linear scan movement versus time it is possible to enter a scan width differing from 360 degrees To do this click the Parameters button and enter the width in the Scan Width parameter IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 34 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 12 13
27. to View RFA Pulses window 20 Repeat creating HPD loggings from the different revolutions present adding them to the same logfile Use the index to select different revolutions We have now completed the cycle starting with recording pulses using the Radar Field Analyser up to creating HPD antenna diagrams in an Uplink logfile If for any reason you are not pleased with the extracted HPD diagram for example if the parameters were not set correctly or the boresight was not set correctly you can revert to the original pulse data and reselect the stagger pattern or change any parameter by simply clicking the Revert LZ button The graph will revert to the original pulses 3 3 4 Averaging Multiple HPD Diagrams In case the interrogations are asynchronous to the revolution it is possible to interleave multiple HPDs This way the sample rate can be virtually increased in order to come to a better definition of the actual HPD The only requirement is that the recorded RFA pulse file is of sufficient length of revolutions recorded The View RFA Pulses program is capable of performing this interleave function The following check list will allow you to perform such action 1 Perform an antenna diagram extraction as explained above 2 Once the selected HPD is ready to be inserted into the reference click the HPD button again IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 36 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 No
28. 00ns 50ns Pulse rise time lt 100ns Pulse decay time lt 200ns Table 3 Receiver Name Specification Frequency Range 900MHz 3 0GHz Optional Frequency range up to 3 5GHz Sensitivity 5dBm Table 4 YIG Preselector Filter Name Specification Centre Frequency 900MHz 3 0GHz Optional Frequency range up to 3 5GHz 3 dB Bandwidth 25MHz 2MHz IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 15 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 2 SeELF TEST CALIBRATION 2 1 Theory The RFA Self test tests the most important components and building blocks of the RFA641 and performs a calibration of the transmitter at the selected frequency It is advised to perform a Self test Calibration before any measurements are taken using the RFA641 transmitter The two methods for the calibration of the RFA internal transmitter are 1 Internal The RFA s internal linear receiver is used to measure the relative power level for the modulators The maximum power is derived from the calibration file 2 External The log RF module is used to perform absolute power level measurements and is used to build the modulator table 2 2 Software 2 2 1 Getting Started The Self test and Calibration software can be loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Uplink S button i RFA Selftest vi L D m AI Ready to Perform Measurements Tx Calibration Method Frequency r R
29. 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 10 Only the part of the curve selected with the cursors on the Log Rec Calibration graph is saved to disk Therefore first select the portion of the receiver curve you want to save and click the Logging ia button The VI will prompt a standard file dialog Fill in the desired calibration file name and save the calibration data on disk 4 1 4 Troubleshooting 1 A File not found message pops up the minute you run the instrument o Check whether the RFA641 calibration files are installed correctly 2 The Calibration Pulse graph turns red and a beep is produced o Set the cursors of the Calibration Pulse graph onto the pulse 4 2 Rx Bandwidth Measurement 4 2 1 Theory The Rx Bandwidth measurement consists of a frequency sweep This frequency sweep can be performed with a fixed level static or with a variable amplitude pulse dynamic This selection can be set by the user The RFA641 transmitter is set to transmit a pulse at the specified power value and the frequency is swept between two chosen limits Additionally it is advisable to perform a full bandwidth sweep 900MHz 3 0 3 5GHz to check on band spuriousness The RFA641 continuously samples the output of the radar receiver video signal and uses these values to build a dBm versus frequency table The resulting bandwidth graph can be analysed to determine the 3dB and 10dB bandwidths of the receiver 4 2 2 Getting
30. 2000 0 m 1 Code o 1234 Tran RFM Antenna Gain hop dB p 2Code o 1234 Dag Range 11 720 _ eem wei gt A og mp RFM Tx Gain san dB RFM Rx Attenuator hon Ip Radar Parameters Antenna Gain SSR dB Tx Power Sep CT 10 0 dBm 75 ACode fol 1234 Altitude d 950 Im Ox Osr Ge delay 100 125 150 175 200 225 256 Path loss gt 99 2 4B Target pwr Laag open Path loss lt gt 119 9 op Ae Target Return 33 9 dem Radar Field Analyser RFM Rx 59 2 dBm RFM Tx Power dBm Auto update Figure 78 Remote Field Monitor Moving Scenario When the scenario is running the Target Range will change in accordance with the scenario Path loss parameters will automatically be adjusted to recreate a realistic moving target IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 71 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 7 Out Beam INTERFERENCE GENERATOR FRUIT 7 1 Theory The generation of FRUIT can be performed by the RES28x and the RFA641 The RFA Interference Tool is intended for generation of out beam FRUIT and or CW interference scenarios The RES Interference tool is intended for generation of in beam FRUIT and or CW interference scenarios in case where 3 RES channels for target injection are sufficient This section explains the RFA Interference Tool All tools have an easy to use identical MMI to enter the interference specifications After com
31. 41 User Manual_pl odt 41 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 3 4 Troubleshooting 1 No pulses are recorded the preview window does not show any pulses o Check the antenna connection and the cable between the filter and the receiver o Check the video output on the oscilloscope o Check the frequency settings Maybe you selected the wrong PSR frequency 2 Lots of pulses are recorded no boresight can be found in the noise like pulse distribution o Probably the input amplitude is way too high Add an external attenuator in the antenna cable 3 The boresight of the antenna diagram is flattened side lobes are at less than 20 dB of the boresight o Probably the input amplitude is way too high Add an external attenuator to the antenna cable 4 The sample window is not updated at all Pulse Count does not increase o Lower the trigger value If this doesn t help adjust the frequency and check whether the antenna is properly connected to the equipment IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 42 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 Receiver MEASUREMENTS 4 1 Radar Rx Calibration 4 1 1 Theory The RF Receiver is needed to convert the very low levels of RF available at the antenna into a video base band signal for further processing The dynamic range of the Rx noise floor to saturation level and the alignment of the monopulse channels can be measured directly Also before a
32. 7 LRU External Calibration Once the calibration file is selected hit the Return button to return to the HPD Preferences window Click OK to return to the Radar Field Analyser vi The Radar Field Analyser is now switched to the external video input This is indicated in the receiver control section External Video replaces Receiver The Rx frequency can now be set out of the RFA frequency range since it will be ignored by the RFA641 It is advised to set the Rx frequency according to the frequency of the external receiver since it is together with all other parameters saved as an attribute to the measurement data file The Y axis limits as well as the trigger level limits are set according to minimum and maximum of the selected calibration file Both pulse and scope recording functions work in the same way as when using the internal RFA IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 27 110 i Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 receiver 3 3 3 View Recorded Pulses 3 3 3 1 RFA Data Analysis Create HPDs from a Pulse Recording The View RFA Pulses window shows the pulses as they were recorded in time Immediately you can recognize the boresights of one or more radars in such a diagram A measurement using the RFA641 should contain at least three revolutions of the antenna pattern but preferably more are used By selecting a boresight and defining the stagger timing in that boresight the user can extract the
33. 8 Figure 61 View Receiver Calibration SOftWALEC c 1 cccsscccsssesesnnsnennecessnecsenssecansesaaesesansesanesssaeeansneeeanennes 59 Figure 62 Viewing a receiver Calibration r Sule c ccccescccseccencnsnnecnnensaneceneneneceanseansesneenenneenensesnenaennenaes 60 Figure 63 Receiver Calibration file attributes cccssccsssencsnesecsneceenescnanesseaesesansneanesenanssnessesonsnsesanenaes 61 Figure 64 Inventory SOMWALl Cvs wisssactosasiedeiesuenizatvesuenssssspetoeswesunsdvivniasesrsubssGusadpeensadvesasesitetiGensdeceiwesuenatseduisends 62 Figure 65 Load dE Eegeregie 62 Figure 66 3D View e ET an E 63 Figure 67 Example filter by TAGIA pesiisiessininssneossnsverestoexrdbucsswasessesvsneiisserdinsarsstesvsiencndadsedivseaveonnedeseersuneeueeens 64 Figure 68 Define custom EH gegeggge dee hee Eee Eege Eugen 64 Figure 69 AXIS de e sa irasstrn tas rinin iesene EEEE EEEREN E EREE EEEE EENE ENE EEEE EREDE EN 65 Figure 70 Set X Axis Scale to LOGQaritHiMic cccsscccsesecennecnennecennneccanssecansnsansnecansnsanensaeeaecsnensesensnnesanenaes 65 Figure TT Fower vs RTE 65 Figure 72 UPIINK e 66 Figure 73 e e EE 67 Figure 74 Uplink program transmitting SAM pulses default Se ttinGS c ssccsssecsssssessesecnnennsennenees 67 Figure 75 Remote Field Monitor SOftWALEC cc1sccccseeccnneensnneeesnnsneanecesansceenssenansnsanenecansesanessnansansnsesanenaes 68 Figure 76 Adjust trigger level RFM Se tul
34. 99 serial number Please make sure to enter the correct serial number otherwise the power measurements will be incorrect and as a result the RFA Transmitter calibration will be invalid i View Calibration Table vi View Mode Cal File Info Fout F Pin Device LRU Your F Pin SS 1090 0 MHz Serial No 42 01 026 Cal Date 01 05 04 Calibration Data VI 2 00 1 75 1 50 UE Ge 1 00 0 75 0 50 0 25 0 00 0 20 i 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 70 10 0 0 10 0 E ets E 46 rp meg Figure 6 LRU499 Calibration Table Click OK to select the LRU499 The dialog will close and the View Calibration Table vi will appear It allows browsing the loaded LRU499 cal table Click Return to return to the RFA Selftest LEU Cal Info Device LRU499 Serial No 42 01 000 Cal Date 10 01 02 Figure 7 LRU499 Device Information The cal info of the selected LRU499 is indicated on the RFA Selftest front panel When the external Tx Calibration method is used the linear receiver will be used to perform the cable measurements and the log RF unit will be used to perform the power measurements 1 Click the start EI button to start the test sequence di Note The program will guide you through the successive steps and required connections to perform the selftest 2 In this section we will omit the explanation of the cable test since the related issues are already explained in section 2 2 2
35. Adjust the Rf parameters and the Tx Power control as needed Select the correct Tx frequency default 1O90MHz The Tx power control sets the power level present after the extra attenuation at the RFA641 s Tx connector so indicating the power injected in the radars Rx input The max output power of the RFA641 is guaranteed 10dBm at 1090Mhz Choose a level in the linear calibration part of the radar Rx to obtain a satisfactory result Typically it is set so that the Rx receives a power level of 40 to 50dBm The external attenuator added is typically 30dB in order to reach the maximum receiver input power of about 20dBm In most cases however the connection will take place through a fixed coupler already present in the system This attenuation must also be taken into account when filling in the Attenuation parameter Therefore if the receiver is measured through an extra fixed coupler of 30dB the transmission power must be set to 50dBm extra attenuation in this case is 60dB The width of the test pulse can be set using the Pulse width parameter Delay after Pulse determines the start of the sample window to capture the test pulse at the video level output of the Rx This is foreseen in case a processing delay exists in the system Set the Triggering parameters The sweep Start Delay is used to determine the minimal time between the test pulse and the trigger pulse The Stop Delay is used to determine the maximum time between the test pulse a
36. B Figure 32 HPD Out of Tolerance Data IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 35 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 16 Anumber of important parameters are shown The parameters are checked against the Eurocontrol standards for Radar Performance If wanted the user can set his own limits for the calculated parameters as explained in section 3 3 5 Malfunctions are shown in red Caution Beware the OTD calculations assume equidistant points so if the stagger period is e more than 5 off the average period use the Spline function before calculating the OTD parameters 17 Click the Return button to leave this window 18 The curve can now also be logged to disk and reviewed later using the View HPD Logfiles function from the Radar Toolbox Use the Save button to evoke the Log panel Current Logfile o Logfile selected yet Mew Logfile Add Logging Figure 33 Log panel If no logfile has been selected yet Open an existing logfile with the Open logfile button or create a new logfile with the New Logfile button In both cases a file dialog will appear After selecting a logfile a new or an existing one use the Add logging button to add the current data If a logfile has already been selected the logfile string indicates the selected file name Use the Add Logging button to append the current data to the logfile 19 The program will automatically return
37. Date 26 Nov 09 Fal e s gt View Scope recording vi 2 gt 112 dB 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 55 0 I I I U I y 1 I 1 I I U I 1 I I 1 7 375 7 400 7 425 7 450 7 475 7 500 7 525 7 550 7 575 7 600 7 625 7 650 7 675 7 700 7 725 7 750 7 775 7 800 aT Ee SR a 20 00 EES PL IE s t Pulses in file 6512 UE 50 0 60 0 o W gt ie 0 5 10 13 40 0 T Index Pulses frame 70 0 80 0 be Jus f66 4 Jike 90 0 1 1 1 Sa 1 I 1 1 1 KC R i s j 3 5 4 0 ys Figure 19 View Scope Recording The View Scope Recording program reads the consecutive recorded scope waveforms from disk and determines for each of the recorded waveforms the pulses and their amplitudes This is done using the same algorithm as is performed in the Radar Field Analyser in real time when performing pulse recordings The pulses with their calculated amplitudes are displayed in the Pulse graph in frames of a selectable number of pulses using the Pulses frame control If required click the Play EI button to convert the Scope file into a Pulse file During the conversion process the Pulse graph will be updated to indicate the progress of the conversion The program automatically creates a file on disk with the pls file extension alongside the source file Click the Return button to return to the View RFA Pulses Window In case
38. Downlink measurement Bandwidth sweep or D STC measurement can be performed The calibration routine will use the RFA641 to send RF pulses with increasing amplitudes into the receiver under test The video output of these receivers is digitised by the RFA641 and used to build the calibration table s The final Rx calibration result consists of a receiver output voltage versus RF input power table 4 1 2 Getting Started The Radar Rx Calibration is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the rex lll button Make the connections as shown in Annex 3 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection Diagram Exes eso ai RF r Curve M tog Rec Calibration J Attenuation dB r Append Power Step dB OnjorF O Tx Frequency MHz r Triggering Delay after Trigger 1500 Jus on off L Timeout us Order 5 Pulse width 100 Jus MSE 5 0E 0 Delay after Pulse _0 Jus r Filter r Calibration pulse v Amplitude Mean v S us M 1 I I 1 I I It O 10 20 30 40 50 64 y Soo dBm D 1 96 1 Tx power dBm 14 7 View DA 0 25 1 I 110 100 90 3 eF TERE r Comment lt Figure 43 Rx Calibration software Warning Make sure the radar Transmitter is switched off on the channel under test and that Te automatic channel switching is off before connecting the RFA Tx output to the radars receiver RF Input IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manu
39. E 13 1 1 Generalni OCC BEE 13 Mea TROY TN 13 1 HardWare DOSGCI ID e D 14 Toek DIA QUAN E yantonsdus E E E SE EEE 14 1 3 2 Connectors and SPSCINCAUONS EE 14 SEENEN 16 k due EE 16 EE 16 e Ee Leben e WE 16 2 2 2 Internal Tx Calibration MCN Ge sicsc5e 0c05cs gegen eg eege ege eg ee eege Ee 17 2 2 3 External Tx Calibration Method 19 273s Ve TEEN Le e CIN ire EE 20 3 UPLINK eege EE 21 Oe e Cu E 21 Di 2a SO ULNA Oo CAN e EE 21 EE ege 22 3 3 1 The Frequency Sweep Fupnchon 25 3 3 2 RFA Recorder Using the External Video Input 26 9 0 VIEW Recorded EE 28 3 3 3 1 RFA Data Analysis Create HPDs from a Pulse Hecordmg 28 ET RFA TEE 28 3 3 3 3 Extracting and Logging the HPD Diagram ccccceeccseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeseeeseeeeseeeaeeeeeaeseeeaeees 33 3 3 4 Averaging Multiple HPD Dagrams NENNEN 36 0 9 0 User Demed OTD Tu CN 38 3 9 0 VIEW HPD Beien EE 40 3 3 6 1 View M SSR Uplink Lootles 0 ccccceececseeeceseeceueeeceuceceeeceeusessueeesegseseueeesseeesseeseesaeeneeses 40 3 3 6 2 User Defined OTD Bn EE 41 3 4 ge E Ne e d Le ME 42 4 RECEIVER IMIEASUREMENTS iesen Eege 43 A l Radar GC ail atl WEE 43 A Wa Me NWS ONY E 43 e AN E IS VELA OS e ME 43 Me E en 44 A124 INOUDIGSMOOUN e ME 46 4 2 Rx Bandwidth Measureme ntt cccccceseeceeeeeeeeseeceneceeeeeeceeseeeseneeeaeseaseeneseneseneseaesenseenseeessneeeeseesnes 46 i Na WM ONY EE 46 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 4 110 Radar Field Analy
40. E UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 33 110 i Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 5 6 Ze 10 obtain a useful antenna diagram the pulses shown should at least cover a dynamic range of 40dB The blue cursor Boresight determines the detection of boresight To have correct boresight detection this cursor should be set above the sidelobes and lower than the boresight maximum of the radar of interest When a number default 5 of pulses above boresight are detected taking into account the selected timing and extraction method boresight is declared Using the boresight positions the revolution time is calculated Figure 29 is a good example of the correct positioning of the Threshold and Boresight cursors If you now click the HPD button the HPD will be extracted The HPD graph is drawn in the graph and the scale changes to degrees Pi P2 20 0 P3 15 047 Pulse 25 0 30resight SUM 30 0 SLS 35 0 gege Je 45 0 t kl 2 D 50 0 Sg Treshold t 60 0 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 180 0 160 0 140 0 120 0 100 0 80 0 60 0 40 0 20 0 0 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 50 0 100 0 120 0 140 0 160 0 180 0 ME E 0 00 4 x a gt s deg Hz ea ui Si ag GEN Scope M BK seu Tel IR Puls cs SCOPE Pulses Lu E l Lj gt I I I I LAT SE E HD KL Time 4 19 S l EA 2 18 2003
41. FA Cal Info Linear Receiver v 900 0 MHz Device UFA Serial Number 67 01 084 Cable Test Last Cal Date 24 02 09 4m cable attenuator length m amp r YIG Filter r LRU Cal Info vig filter loss do YIG filter 3dB Bandwidth MHz YIG filter 3dB centre freq Ant MHz r LRU Input Power dBm r Output Power Min S 0 0 Max Soo 2 7 1 i al 0 0 0 0 l l 1 70 0 50 0 25 0 0 0 3 r Result Messages J 2 ogress Figure 2 RFA Selftest software The software will guide you through the necessary set up and actions to be taken When the RFA641 is found the RFA Cal Info field will display the device name serial number and last calibration date as retrieved from the RFAs internal EPROM RFA Cal Info Device UFA Serial Number 67 03 0866 Last Cal Date 19 06 09 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 16 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Choose the calibration method that you want to use by selecting Linear Receiver Internal or Log RF Unit External and select the SSR Downlink frequency 1090 MHz or the correct PSR frequency Tx Calibration Method Frequency Tx Calibration Method Frequency L Linear Receiver 1090 0 _ MHz Daa RF Unit fFxternan l 1090 0 MHz d Linear Receiver Internal Linear Receiver Internal Log RF Unit External vf Log RF Unit External Figure 4 S
42. FOR ADS B NICE eege 84 iz WNC OU E 84 9 2 Key SCC ING Atl ON Sesini E E E E i 86 9 2 1 General SPS CINCAUONS oigai nied sccesnacesnesvnscnsetseerstnedsancnsteedebesshansabesnaesdsetewsansoausessiuedasesineuwaeniceescesese 86 22 ANGEL KE 86 I2 OC AIO EE 86 GE OCON Le EE 86 Zs UMA SI ee 86 Ee eege EE 87 9 3 1 Trajectory Scenario Generator 87 9 3 2 Running the Compiled Goftiware 87 10 PRIMARY TARGET INJECTION 0 cccceccecceeeeceeceeeeceecnseeeeseeeeneeeeueeaeaeeeeeeeeueaeaneeeeusueneseenss 88 10 1 THEORY EE 88 10 1 1 Calculation of External Attenuaton 88 TO eZ AGC AEC CM CSS EE 89 10 1 3 Software le tele 90 10 2 Trajectory Scenario Generatol cccceececceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneseeneeeeaneeseaeessenessanaseneeeesenseneeeeseneoneees 91 10 3 Scenario Replay sacs casas eacssa se cod an tera aa a a aa r 91 AR L Gemino oare EE 91 ABC Scenaro Sel UOM BET 92 10 3 3 Vertical Diagram Gelechon rennene 92 10 34 EE 93 10 3 5 Determining the Effect of arameters A 95 10 3 6 COMPIIANOM OF SCOMANO onan nrn nnana 95 NENT 98 11 1 Annex 1 Critical Parameters of SSR Antennass cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeseneeeeeeseaneesneneseaeeesannenees 98 11 2 Annex 2 Uplink Connection Diagraim cccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseneeeaseeseeneseeneeseenesenseneseesneaes 99 11 3 Annex 3 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection Diagram ccccsseeseeeeeeeeeeeees 100 11 4 Annex 4 DSTC Calibration Connec
43. Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 ake sure the Sum channel video is connected to Analog input Ch2 of the RFA Backpanel and the Tranceiver Tx output is connected o the Sum Map RF input using the antenna able and the apropriate attenuator Figure 59 Verifying the connections di Note The channel selection button is only used to select the correct Rx Calibration table correct channel The measurement Is a single channel measurement Once the measurement is started the Sum Delta and Omega buttons are dimmed The measurement will run through all power levels as determined by the RFA641 s power range and the Power Step value The number of scans required to perform the measurement can be calculated as 2 Pmax Pmin Power Step Each other scan you will see the power level being updated and a new measurement performed For the measurement points exceeding the threshold level quantised video pulse present the current Tx power level is filled in For the measurement points not exceeding the threshold level the last measured threshold level is retained This way the DSTC maps are built gradually as the measurement proceeds You can await the end of the measurement or in case you decide the measured DSTC curve is sufficient you can click the Stop button to halt the measurement sequence By default the Z scale color is auto scaled on the minimum and maximum of the loaded receiver calibration file The a
44. Figure 20 PSR Pulse File example dBm PI 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 55 0 60 0 epp mei DN 75 0 80 0 H H i 1 t U i UH 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500 5 000 i 0 000 0 500 MERES F WW a geen Se Scope Scope Jis ef 2e5 lest B A secl Figure 21 SSR Pulse File example The graphs X scale can be switched in seconds ms us or 1 16 us using the X scale selector If you want to examine each recorded pulse in detail there is a feature in the RFA software to reconstruct the pulses in detail in the time domain By using the cursor the user can select any pulse on the top graph The cursor can be moved by selecting the E cross cursor from the cursor palette and then selecting the cursor If the cursor cannot be found the X X cursor will put the cursor in the middle of the graph The selected pulse and all pulses within 30 us before and after the selection are redrawn in the Pulses Scope graph This allows you to examine particular cases of reflection or strange swapping of the pulse modes In many occasions you can record and analyse the creation of erroneous modes at a fixed azimuth direction This is often caused by the accidental combination of direct and reflected signals en dE Pulses scope Pulses 60 0 Kg Una Si UD vg a 90 0 2 a us Figure 22 Pulse Scope graph 3 To extract the HPD of a spe
45. Figure 68 Define custom view Select Define Custom from the type menu and select the following axes IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 64 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 i Define XY Axis Inventory vi Bees Power drm fiRange us i Power dBm Si Figure 69 Axis selection The display changes to the selected graph It is also recommended to set the X scale to logarithmic mapping This can be done in the graphs Ge ET roma Ge gt Precision b wl 10 c MME lee Linear Y 97 4 Codes af ene ae SD Grid Color gt Figure 70 Set X Axis Scale to Logarithmic The D STC curve of the selected sector can now be viewed like this eer Not ZE f Power Ze F Range us x 0466 E y Cose Ek 4 Codes Range Nm 0 81 Azimuth deg 215 16 mBooo0 O 0000 0000 00 Type No detect Figure 71 Power vs Time view IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 65 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 D Down tink MEASUREMENT 9 1 Theory The Downlink measurement enables the user to measure the HPD antenna pattern at reception The RFA641 is set up in the field as the RF downlink source transmitting SAM Synchronous Amplitude Modulated pulses In most cases these pulses are in fact synchronized with the radar s interrogations to avoid interference with real radar replies and avoid opera
46. INTERSOFT RS Ae BR EG T RK Er RA Se S Radar Field Analyser RFA641 User Manual Edition 1 Date 26 Nov 09 Status Released Issue WWW INTERSOFT ELECTRONICS COM Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 DocuMENT CHARACTERISTICS Radar Field Analyser RFA641 User Manual Edition 1 Edition Date 26 November 2009 Status Released Issue Keywords User manual RFA641 Radar Field Analysers antenna receiver Abstract Author This user manual describes the use of the RFA641 Contact Information Elke Vanuytven Editor Elke Vanuytven Contact Person Niels Van Hoef Tel 32 14 23 18 11 E mail Address Document Name support intersoft electronics com Document Control Information IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt Path C Documents and Settings elke Desktop RASS S User Manuals RFA641 Host System Mac OS X 10 5 6 Software OpenOffice org 3 0 1 Size i IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 821021Bytes Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Document CHANGE RECORD Pages Approved Affected by 001 20 08 2009 New Document All EV Revision Date Reasons for change IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 3 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 TECHNICAL MIANUAL FRE AO4 NE
47. Indicator PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PSR Primary Surveillance Radar Radar Radio Detection And Ranging Radome Radio transparent window used to protect an antenna principally against the effects of weather RASS S Radar Analysis Support Systems Site measurements RCS Radar Cross Section RF Radio Frequency RX Receiver SLS Side Lobe Suppression a technique to avoid eliciting transponder replies in response to interrogations transmitted via antenna sidelobes SLB Side Lobe Blanking SNR Signal to Noise ratio Squitter Random reply by a transponder not triggered by an interrogation SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar STC Sensitivity Time Control TACAN Tactical Air Navigation TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance System Transponder Airborne unit of the SSR system detects an interrogator s transmission and responds with a coded reply stating either the aircrafts identity or its flight level TX Transmitter Uplink Ground to air signal path VPD Vertical Polar Diagram YIG filter Yttrium lron Garnet filter IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 12 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 1 TECHNICAL ManuaL RFA641 1 1 General Introduction The RFA641 is intended for on site performance checks of M SSR ATC radars and primary radars in L and S band For this purpose the radar does not have to be taken out of its operational mode The transmission pattern power of the LVA or horn feed antennas
48. Nr This data file can be viewed using the 3D View function of the Inventory as explained in section 4 6 4 Viewing Sectorial STC and DSTC Measurement Files The VI will prompt a standard file dialog by default pointing to the RESULTS subdirectory of the active campaign folder Type in the desired file name and save the data on disk For MSSR stations proceed with the measurements of the Delta a and Omega al channels Change the connections as described in the pop up window and repeat steps 7 to 9 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 55 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 5 Sectorial DSTC 4 5 1 Theory The Sectorial DSTC measurement result consists of an RF input power versus time table presented versus azimuth To be able to measure the gain vs time delay the RFA641 needs to be synchronised to the interrogation signal of the radar under test This measurement is repeated for a number of interrogations in each revolution depending on the number of sectors to be measured The power level for the measurement pulses can be set in the Tx Power control Make sure that the power of the measurement pulses is within the Rx range The DSTC is implemented after the Rx section by applying a variable threshold when digitising the video Therefore the video level to be sampled for each of the receivers is the quantised video The Radar Field Analyser will inject pulses starting from a maximum power level being decr
49. PD measurements since we are only interested in the relative power levels but it is something you must be aware of The selected RF IF and video bandwidth will influence the measurement when wrongly set They must be set to a sufficient bandwidth to prevent the pulses being smoothed Use the scope mode of the RFA recorder program to examine the pulse shape of the pulses received Verify whether pulses reach their maximum power level within the expected pulse width 1 Setup the Radar Field Analyser The only signal connection to be made to the RFA641 is the connection of the spectrum analyser video output to the RFA external video input available at the back of the RFA at the analogue input marked CH2 Please verify that the video level signals are within the 0 2V input voltage range Your spectrum analyser input is assumed to be connected to an appropriate measurement antenna suitable for the frequency range of interest 2 Click the Parameters LS button The HPD Preferences window will pop up LG HPD_Preferences vi Rx Freq Mhz File size KB delta F filter Mhz Trigger dBm samples B Max width Us Receiver RFA i External video 9 LRU Figure 15 HPD Parameters IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 26 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Whenever the Radar Field Analyser program is started it will default to its internal RF circuitry Therefore the External Video checkbox is u
50. Power dBm Sum Voltage V Delta Voltage V SLS Voltage V o For Rx Bandwidth Frequency MHz Sum Amplitude dB Delta Amplitude dB SLS Amplitude dB o For STX DSTC Time yus Sum Amplitude dB Delta Amplitude dB SLS Amplitude dB 4 By clicking the View Attributes L S button the View Attributes window will open IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 60 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 E View Attributes vi Attribute list Name amp unit Value RASS Version ile version oxID imeStamp s x Frequency MHz ulse Width us Delay after tr view Attributes imeout us ilter ilter Order Attenuation d6 ower step dB Delay after pulse us Append Figure 63 Receiver Calibration file attributes All related settings used to measure the curve are listed in this window 4 6 4 Viewing Sectorial STC and DSTC Measurement Files The sectorial STC and DSTC measurement programs save their data to an S4 plot file This data can be viewed in the Inventory Two view methods are important Power vs time with filtering on azimuth to view the SCT DSTC curve of a specific sector 3D View of the entire measurement using Power dBn as Z axis The following section will explain to you in detail how to use the Inventory to view the STC and DSTC measurement files Note Load the Inventory tool from the Analysis E button of the RASS S tool
51. RFA Transponder Interrogator software 8 3 Software The transponder test software consists of two tools The RFA Transponder Interrogator allows to construct an interrogation sequence schedule and save it to disk for later use and analysis The interrogation schedule can be played and simultaneously the transponder reply video is sampled and stored to disk The View Transponder Test Data program allows to visualise the transponder replies against the sent interrogations 8 3 1 RFA Transponder Interrogator 1 The Power control allows to set the Tx Power for the interrogations The control directly changes the Tx output Power The Tx Power is not set by the interrogation schedule itself IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 77 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 2 To define the interrogation schedule the following general controls are available Delay delay between the successive interrogations Repeat of interrogations of this type AA Mode S Aircraft Address Used by default when selecting a Mode S interrogation This can be user defined or derived from a DF 11 reply in case the AA from DF11 check box is checked 3 For each interrogation a number of detailed specific settings must be defined r Int Controls des kind ASP4 E UF Code l UF 4 nei m o gt Er m Int Detail Mode 1 D i dr Delay 0 us Repeat 0 PC 3 RR S ODI 3 UK
52. Recorder 3 3 2 RFA Recorder Using the External Video Input The RFA recorder allows the use of the external video input of the Radar Field Analyser as input for the HPD recording This option is implemented for users who want to perform HPD measurements for radar systems that operate at frequencies outside the RFA frequency range For this purpose you will need an external RF receiver or in case you have a spectrum analyser available with an analogue video output you can use this as RF front end for the HPD measurement provided its video output level matches the 0 2V input voltage range of the RFA external video input and the bandwidth both RF IF and video is sufficient A receiver calibration curve will be required to define the relationship between the input power level at the receiver or spectrum analyser input dBm and its output voltage V For a known RF receiver it is possible to define it by just using a slope and offset parameter For a high quality spectrum analyser the receiver curve will be independent of the frequency used This allows performing a receiver calibration at a frequency within the RFA frequency range so using the RFA and using the resulting calibration table at any other frequency that can be selected on that spectrum analyser Depending on the quality of the spectrum analyser the absolute power level might be changing with the selected frequency This introduces an offset in power which is less important for H
53. Rx ports of the RFA641 Once the connection is made click OK to continue the measurement The electrical length is measured by performing a frequency sweep The slope of the phase change versus frequency is determined It is directly corresponding to the length of the cable Once the 0 5m cable length is determined the program will ask you to replace the 0 5m cable by the 4m antenna cable Again the VNA measurement is performed to measure the cable length By subtracting the internal electrical length the cable length can be determined The result is displayed in the Cable Test section The error LED will be red in case the cable length reported is less than 3 5m or more than 4 5m and an error message is generated eg Cable length 4 7m outside 3 5m 4 5m After the 4m cable sweep the reference level for the selected frequency is measured This is done using a VNA sweep from 50 MHz below to 50 MHz above the selected selftest frequency In this step the VNA power is compared with a reference derived from file The reference power is subtracted from the measured value this results in the power error vs frequency being calculated 4 Now the RFA Selftest program will ask you to insert the YIG filter in the loop The YIG filters insertion loss will be measured A frequency sweep will be performed as well This allows the selftest program IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 17 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edit
54. SB e ProgrammableFixed target frequency 1090 Mhz e Target power output 15 45dBm at RFA output 30 90 dBm at ADSB Rx input e 25 85 dBm at sensor input e Full simulation of Horizontal and Vertical Mono pulse SSR Antenna or ADSB Omni antenna diagram e Path Loss simulation with Aircraft antenna modelling 9 2 2 Target Types e Transponders programmable squitter rates for Airborne Ground velocity position and ID squitters e Supports DF 11 DF17 and DF18 squitters e Transponder power programmable e ICAO Annex 10 am 77 compliant Transponders logic and RF signals e RTCA DO 260A compliant squitter reports 9 2 3 Scenario e Simulation of straight flights turns accelerations climbs descends static targets accelerated turns etc e Programmable rates for Velocity Position and ID reporting in squitters e Programmable S address per target e Programmable TYPE and Subtype values linked with NIC and Rc e In flight Code changes Emergency codes SPI etc e Programmable Status message squitters e Automatic Generation of load models and other example scenarios e Simulation of sensor output data ASTERIX cat 21 9 2 4 Recording requires additional hardware e Using UTC time stamping GPS e Recording of serial radar data RDR803 or UDR600 e Recording of LAN radar data UDP IP or TCP IP through host PC LAN port e Recording of generated video signals RIM782 9 2 5 Analysis e Analysis of Accuracy Resolution behavior Pd Sens
55. Vie button i gt Evaluate YIG Filter2 vi a r Evaluation Params Caloulated ig Parameters Span Att Statistics Centre Freq MHz Attenuation dB 3dB Bw MHz Min _ 3 4 1090 00 z 18 4 Max 7 0 f 3dB MHz f centre MHz f 3d8 MHz Mean 1082 3 1091 5 1100 7 sd 1 2 Measured Yig Attenuation Span MHz ig Ref Ref 1 EI d ZE m 40 00 f J en I I U J I 1040 0 1060 0 1080 0 1100 0 1120 0 1140 0 ke ies ID amp Be ies R Figure 5 Measured YIG filter attenuation The Evaluate YIG Filter2 vi window will pop up showing the attenuation vs frequency of the YIG filter measured using the RFA VNA function From the measurement data the attenuation 3dB bandwidth and 3dB centre frequency are calculated The Span parameter is used to determine the frequency span used to calculate the attenuation statistics Click the Return button to return to the Selftest program 7 Click the Return e button to stop the Selftest function or to return to the calling function When the RFA Self Test Calibration procedure is performed without problems you can continue with the measurements knowing the RFA is performing as expected IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 18 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 2 2 3 External Tx Calibration Method When you select the Log RF Unit immediately the program will ask you to select the LRU4
56. above The program will guide you through the successive steps and required connections to perform the selftest The program first asks you to properly connect the log RF Unit The video connections required at the back of the RFA641 are simplified in the dialog box drawing The video connector green breakout box needs to be connected to the digital input connector It IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 19 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 d 4 provides power to the LRU499 The BNC connector on the breakout box contains the modules video output and needs to be connected to the analogue video input of the RFA641 First a limited modulator sweep is performed to allow the program to set the power level to 10dBm The log RF unit allows viewing the transmitted RF pulse and the received power level at the LRU499 RF input using the LRU499 calibration file The pulse shape is displayed in the LRU Input Power graph together with its average power level This way the Tx modulator calibration process can be viewed Insert the YIG filter in the RF connections as explained in the related dialog box that pops up Once the connections are made click the OK button Now the YIG insertion loss is measured and the result is indicated in the YIG Filter section An error is indicated in case the loss is higher than 8dB Then the YIG filter attenuation versus frequency is measured This is done in a frequenc
57. al_pl odt 43 110 i Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 1 3 Software Once the tool is running the calibration pulse is shown in the Calibration Pulse graph As long as no calibration procedure has been started the tool is in free run mode This means that all parameters can be changed on the fly and their impact on the measurement is shown directly in the calibration pulse graph Move the slider under the display to change the transmission power of the RFA641 and see the impact on the display The output voltage is measured by calculating the mean max or RMS value of the part of the output pulse selected by the cursors Therefore it is important to position the cursors correctly If the measured part between the cursors is not flat spikes noise a beep is produced and the graph will turn red This does not mean that the calibration is wrong but that some points in the calibration curve can be erroneous 1 RF Section Set the correct Extra Attenuation value This value depends on your receivers input range The output power of the RFA641 for calibration is guaranteed 10dBm at 1090Mhz If for example the maximum receiver input power is 20 dBm the external attenuator should be 30dB in order to reach the maximum receiver input power In most cases the calibration will be performed through a coupler which is fixed in the antenna chain typically 20dB or 30dB This value must also be taken into account The v
58. alue of the input coupling factor of the coupler in the receiver chain plus the value of the extra attenuation must be entered in the control Set the Power Step value to be used This value will determine the step in transmission power used by the RFA641 to perform the calibration A typical value of 0 1 dB is sufficient Set the RFA Tx frequency to be used for calibration For M SSR radars this is always 1090MHz If a PSR radar is to be calibrated set the RFA Tx frequency to the PSR operating frequency 2 Triggering Section The receiver calibration is performed at a certain time delay after the interrogation trigger pulse be sure to set the Delay after Trigger value If the calibration is performed without applying a trigger pulse the calibration will use a fixed calibration PRF determined by the Timeout parameter PRF 1 Timeout Set the Pulse Width of the calibration pulse di Note When a PSR receiver is being calibrated make sure the pulse is outside the STC of your receiver by changing the Delay after Trigger parameter 3 All measurements included in the radar receiver measurements rely on the Radar Field Analyser hardware especially on its transmitter In order to verify its behaviour and calibrate the transmitter output power a selftest function is included in all the programs using the RFA641 transmitter kat hardware If you want to verify the operation of the RFA641 click the Cal RFA proceeding with the Rece
59. am Digital Input Output chifu ch n amp Modulator J2 Oscillator Module J5 RF Receiver Module Jl DSP and Control 900MHz 3500MHz Sampling Module EFSER J6 d e YIG Filter WE ae USB Interface 900 3500MHz Figure 1 Block Diagram 1 3 2 Connectors and Specifications Table 1 Interfaces Name Specification Connector Type Analog Ch1 out video output from receiver log amplifier 2x BNC Ch2 in video input to acquisition system Azimuth TTL input of ACP ARP trigger DB15HD female Rf Rx Tx 500hm 2x BNC USB USB2 for remote programming and high speed data USB throughput 480Mbit s transfer rate IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 14 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Table 2 Transmitter Name Specification Frequency Range 900MHz 3 0GHz Oscillator Synthesiser stabilized accuracy 100KHz Optional Frequency range up to 3 5GHz Max Tx Power At Tx output port 900MHz 3 0GHz gt 10dBm and lt 18dBm Optional 3GHz 3 5GHz gt 5dBm and lt 15dBm Amplitude Pulse 900 1500MHz 60dB Modulation 1500MHz 50dB On off Dynamic Range gt 70dB Bi phase modulation 0 180deg 5deg RFA Option A SSR pulse generator in compliance with Annex 10 Fruit Reply Code Generator Pulse duration Mode A C 450ns 100ns Pulse duration Mode S 5
60. are dimmed e For the content of the mode C FRUIT there is a choice between a random distribution using the whole range of legal C codes random or a random distribution over a limited set of C codes limited The boundaries of the limited set of C codes can be set using the C min and C max controls When the random option is chosen the C min and C max controls are dimmed e For the content of the Mode S FRUIT the S addresses are randomly selected between the S address max and S address min parameters 7 3 3 Power amp Rate The Power amp Rate tab allows you to select Generation Frequency Max and Min Reply Power Max and Min CW Power Reply Rate in a defined sector and out of that sector and Reply Distribution vs time CW signals will only be generated in a defined sector A sector can be defined at the Sector section at the right of the window The dial represents one complete revolution and the instantaneous angle is continuously indicated The revolution time can be selected default 12 sec and at the top portion the start angle and the sector size can be filled in The selected sector is indicated in green IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 75 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Interference_Generator_RFA vi Fruit Type Fruit Content Power amp Rate Power histogram Distribution Radar Sector Max dBm Max dBm start size Sec Coupler Loss E La equidistant exponen
61. ars receiver input The max output power of the RFA641 is guaranteed 10dBm at 1090Mhz The power level control can be used to manually check the operation of the DSTC IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 56 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 The external attenuator added is typically 30dB in order to reach the maximum receiver input power of about 20 dBm In most cases however the connection will take place through a fixed coupler already present in the system This attenuation must also be taken into account when filling in the Attenuation parameter During the DSTC measurement power will be swept from maximum power to minimum power using the Power Step value to determine the power levels used Each other scan the power will be decreased by the value in Power Step 2 Set the time sweep parameters The sweep Start Delay is used to determine the time delay between the first test pulse and the trigger pulse The Stop Delay is used to determine the time delay between the last test pulse and the trigger pulse The RFA641 transmits a set of 128 Rf pulses spread over the selected range from the set minimum Start Delay to the set maximum Stop Delay to measure the complete D STC at once at the azimuth of the interrogation 3 The sectors parameters determines the number of measurements to be executed during one revolution In fact it acts as a divider for the IPR count so that each IPR sectors amount
62. as a limited accuracy of 0 1 dB 10 3 5 Determining the Effect of Parameters The effect of each of these parameters can be verified using the educational simulator in the lower half of the tool All the calculated values and the parameter values are shown in that display and are recalculated each time you change the Range and Altitude of the simulated target Beware Only the Range and Altitude can be modified in this window All others are indicators of calculated or parameter values Change the range or altitude using the sliders or simply by selecting a target in the list E VD AR UN EEE IEEJ EEE EEE E 120 140 160 180 200 220 250 SE WO Altitude 10000 fe Attudel Fr 1 20 40 60 80 1 E E Range of simulated target 40000 a SECH Elevation y E IEN E i 20000 ERA KTE Atm loss 1 47 dp 100004 Ke We b i Lens effect D23 up FE ich al Extra att 0 00 Jop Path lass 226 4 dB oe ipower Target Return 101 6 dBm 63 00 dem RFA out 31 69 dBm Figure 111 Parameter simulator In case a swirling case is selected a recalculation using the Recalculate RCS button generates a new random RCS and as such also modifies the target return power and the RFA output power Make sure you booted the RFA641 and the dial is rotating If the dial fails to rotate make sure you properly connected the trigger signal and the ARP signal 10 3 6 Compilation of Scenario Compile the scenar
63. based on a rather simple principle of generating an echo of precalculated power after a given delay determined from the target range Tx pulse trigger DOwpr Hn4 Fange Us Figure 104 Calculation of echo signal The azimuth at which the echo is generated is also pre determined from the scenario but is recalculated towards the expected interrogation number For that purpose it is important that this target generator can accurately determine the IPR interrogations per revolutions of the radar and that this IPR remains stable over time The generated target power is precalculated for every azimuth and as such for every interrogation The power basically is dependant on the range plus a number of extra programmable parameters IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 89 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 interrogation nr 1234 K Figure 105 Calculation of target power The simulator also accurately simulates the horizontal and vertical antenna diagram The vertical diagram typically antenna gain versus elevation can be entered as a VPD diagram measured as a solar or as import from spreadsheet data The horizontal diagram is calculated as a mathematical parabolic curve with a predefined 3dB beamwidth Typically the target is generated over 20 dB dynamic range Out of beam echos lower than 20 dB are not generated HPD 3 amplitude dEm 936 0 100 0 Gain de o 102 0 4 SCH
64. box More di information regarding the use of the Inventory is explained in the Inventory manual This document only describes the use of the Inventory as a sectorial D STC result viewer IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 61 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Inventory File Edit Operate Tools Window Help PPI BRE RReR ease Ses eo Don S Velocity Nmfh 50 77 T 1 D S I as 1 150 200 seg ar MNRE x 0 000 L 0 000 Codes a Lo i velocity Nmjh Target Info Q Code 0 FL o UI Si o Range Nm 0 00 Azimuth deg 0 00 MB Type Track 0 Power dem 0 0 Rec Time 00 00 00 00 Rec Datd 01 01 1904 Scan 0 aa alc BE Ol No fw u a a lt i Figure 64 Inventory software Edition Date 26 Nov 09 1 Click the Load ES button to select a Sectorial STC or DSTC measurement result file The following window will pop up i _LoadNewRassDataFile 2B vi Please select the data For layer 1 File pathname Scan select I I I I l I I I I I I I Il 15 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6l 02 00 00 d O10104 End Time False DZ 00 00 Kerg eg Shark Time i Sector Message is equal to Edit Filter Figure 65 Load S4 File It allows you to select a file and to load a number of scans out of an S4 plot file Click the Find File button to load the data By default it wi
65. bution in time The Interference Tool can not generate overlapping FRUIT Therefore inter arrival times exponential distribution smaller than the previous FRUIT length are not possible The in sector is defined by a start angle and a size angle and is represented in a different colour on the azimuth indicator in the Sector section The out sector is then automatically the full circle minus the in sector The blue line in the azimuth indicator indicates the current azimuth which is also digitally indicated below the analog azimuth indicator There are two different methods of ACP ARP generation for the RFA FRUIT generation Either the revolution speed of the Interference Tool is set with the sec rev control In this case ACP and ARP are generated internally and the Interference Generator runs asynchronous to the radar The other possibility is to slave the Interference Tool on the ARP ACP of the radar under test with the lock to ARP button in the lower right corner of the PPI indicator In this case the ARP ACP of the radar under test is used to synchronize the interference scenario The ARP ACP of the radar can be fed to the RFA641 through the digital input on the back panel IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 76 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 8 REA TRANSPONDER INTERROGATOR 8 1 Theory The Radar Field Analyser RFA641 is used together with the necessary test software to send out interrogations The output inter
66. change the X scale of the power graph to azimuth using the X scale menu Use the OK button to close the compiler window Now start the replay of the scenario Do this by clicking the stat E button The scenario replay can be halted by clicking the Stop button The PSR targets can be recorded using the RIM782 Sector recording tool explained in the RIM782 manual Afterwards the scenario can be verified for example for power using the Inventory tool explained in the Inventory manual IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 97 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 ANNEXES 11 1 Annex 1 Critical Parameters of SSR Antennas Critical Parameters of SSR Antennas that should be included in the Out of Tolerance Detection OTD Facility of the Polar Diagram Plotter developed by Intersoft Electronics NV copied from document 3E T 322 Eurocontrol Directorate 6 11 91 Critical parameters that should be monitored by the OTD are e the presence of sidelobe punch through position and level e the level of the highest gt sidelobe other than the backlobe typically lt 22 dB e the Q cross over levels dB and positions degrees typical level 18 dB 3 dB e the gt mainlobe 3 dB beam width degrees typically 2 35 0 25 e mean gt sidelobe level typically lt 24 dB e pattern notch depth or the highest point within the notch typically lt 24 dB e the gt backlobe level typically lt 24
67. cific radar out of the loaded pulse file the interrogation timing of that radar must be known The first step is to select a set of pulses of the radar under test The easiest method to do so is to select a horizontal portion of the SLS pattern using the zoom tool IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 30 110 J Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 dBm 15 07 i ht a f H 3 A AM ELT LS 60 0 t R 65 0 j I 1 D j D D I 1 H 2726 3 0 32 3 4 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 5 2 5 4 5 6 5 8 6 0 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 Figure 23 Select Pulses For HPD Extraction Note In case your radar system has a low PRF and a large stagger pattern make sure to di select enough points of the stagger pattern Never select a portion with a gap as a wrong period will be measured i 4 Once the pulses for determining the stagger pattern are selected zoomed in click the Stagger Pa button The View Timing window will pop up The top graph will show all pulses that were located inside the zoomed area while the bottom part shows the timing pattern stagger pattern of the selected pulses Bal Sum IS Holdoff us Filter Holdoff ze 337 gen Ai 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 aa um Interrogation UD y e Stagger 2861 Copy 2825 Info a E A ea 2750 Min period 2770 81 us
68. cording will typically take from 30s to 60s depending on the antenna rotation speed In case your radar has a low PRF it is advised to log more revolutions i e 10 or more This will allow you later on to interleave multiple HPDs during the extraction phase 7 Once the recording has been made the data can be viewed using the View _ IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 24 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Clicking this button will evoke the View RFA pulses window allowing you to view the recorded pulses and to extract the antenna diagram this is explained later on 3 3 1 The Frequency Sweep Function The RFA Recorder has a frequency sweep mode This allows you to see pulse power PRF or pulse count versus frequency 1 To load this function click the Frequency Sweep GI button on the main RFA recorder screen The Frequency Sweep window will pop up The function can only be invoked when the RFA641 is set in Pulse mode i Frequency Sweep vi Max power Frequency Frequency graph Start 1000 0 mhz End 1500 0 tte Step Mhz Sample time ms Trigger 10 0 7 40 0 dem 60 0 Pulses Frequency Ia leg Titel DU l l l I I 1000 0 1100 0 1200 0 1300 0 1400 0 1500 0 D Le ae ei Frequenc oan ze 3 9 Leelel e e Me ih Alea A Fiweep _Jf052 0 he fera leet CR lt lt Figure 13 Frequency Sweep function The red cursor shows the instantaneou
69. curve IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 90 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 e Input of transmission parameters of the radar power frequency gain e Input of interfacing parameters of the target injection beamwidth pulsewidth RCS of targets etc e Booting of RFA641 with automatic detection of IPR interrogations per revolutions e Simulation of one target with live calculation of return power for educational purposes e Compilation of the scenario with indication of generated power e Start of scenario replay e Stop of scenario replay 10 2 Trajectory Scenario Generator More information regarding the Trajectory Scenario Generator can be found in the RES user manual section 9 10 4 10 3 Scenario Replay 10 3 1 Getting Started The scenario replay requires a number of distinct steps and preparation of a number of files e The tool requires a correct Vertical antenna Diagram in the file format used for PSR vertical diagrams solars For this purpose the solar tool can be used to measure a VPD or the View VPD Curves tool can be used for the editing importing of any Vertical diagram in the tool e The tool requires a site file which contains the PSR antenna gain absolute and the k factor or vertical earth model This file can be edited or created from within the replay tool e The actual scenario file This file can be generated by means of the trajectory scenario generator also
70. d Reply VIJ E 80 Figure 94 Reply Video LOO GING EE 81 Figure 95 Print Interrogation RETTEN 81 Figure 96 View Transponder Test Data SOPftWALEC 1ccseccccnsecnnnenennesesanecennesecensnsnassesansnsanesesansssensaesnnes 82 Figure 97 View Interrogation results CXAMPIe 1ccccccccceccennceeenennensanecnneneaneceeseanecsanseanessneenenaeenensennanaes 82 Figure 98 RFA641 connected to RIM782 showing the ADS B plots on a laptOD 1 ccssccssssersereeeeeeees 84 Figure 99 Test scenario definition and transponder PrOPeLties 11cccseecessenseecesecsnnsecsessnensnnsensnnenseees 84 Figure 100 RASS S analysis tools showing ADS B cat 21 data of heavily garbled squitter replies 85 Figure 101 ADS B extended squitter replies with 9 overlapping SSR replies cc1sccsssecssecessensnnseseneees 85 Figure 102 RFA ADS B e et 87 Figure 103 Example Sst ION E 89 Figure 104 Calculation of echo Ee dr TEE 89 Figure 105 Calculation of target DOWEL ccccseccssescesnesennnsesnnenesansneaesesansceenenecansesansssaansesnesaesansnseeaasnans 90 Figure 106 VPD and e RRE ee EE 90 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt ei Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Figure 107 Figure 108 Figure 109 Figure 110 Figure 111 Figure 112 Figure 113 Figure 114 Figure 115 Figure 116 Figure 117 Figure 118 Figure 119 Figure 120 Figure 121 Figure 122 Figure 123 Figure 124 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Faam SIU QU e
71. dB e the gt A cross over levels dB and positions degrees typically 3 dB 0 5 dB 1 25 from mainlobe axis Since there are many different types of SSR antennas LVAs hog through integrated with PSR conformal phased array and different sizes 9 m 4 5 m even 2 m and also variation in parameters between manufacturers it is expected that a footprint is made for each secondary radar site and a given measurement point and that when later measurements show a significant deviation to be defined for each parameter than an alarm indication is given for the out of tolerance parameter s This will also allow the effect on OTD of radar siting and eventual changes in propagation conditions weather ground conductivity local obstructions to be minimized It should be noted that the typical figures given above for levels beamwidths positions etc are only provisional and might be updated according to experience IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 98 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 2 Annex 2 Uplink Connection Diagram Field Set up P1 P2 P3 1030MHz Ki gt PSR Transmissions JI 0 5km 40km e EE 0 5m BNC cable Zuu punoss prose 0 14310 oSueYyD USB Connection with Computer A Connection to car battery 2 or car lighter socket Power Invertor Set up Guidelines Make sure to have direct line of sight with the radar unde
72. e average values of detection probability Upon designing the RFA ADSB control tool we used the RTCA DO 260 and DO 260A documents which describe the Minimum Operational Performance Standards for ADS B and TIS B 1090 ES Extended Squitter as a reference In real life ADS B ground airborne receivers have to cope with heavily polluted environments with FRUIT replies both SSR and Mode S but also other signal types like DME Although the possibility of generating these garbling signals is integrated in the RES it was not possible to integrate them in the RFA641 as well since the RFA has641 only one target generation board Figure 101 ADS B extended squitter replies with 9 overlapping SSR replies IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 85 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Different test scenarios can be generated according to RTCA DO260 260A with different levels of interference signal load level power position in squitter reply etc In each of these cases a different detection level is to be expected 9 2 Key Specifications 9 2 1 General Specifications e Max nr of targets 2048 but limited by sequential nature of ADS B replies max 7500 replies can be generated per second e Max number of replies 3978 second e Nr of independent target generators 1 e Max nr of overlapping Targets garbling simulation 1 e FRUIT generation with 2nd RFA Up to 22000 Fruits sec not simultaneous with AD
73. e in a moving target mode where it will fly a simulated target in range from the radar This is invoked by selecting Moving Target in the Mode selection on the Remote Field Monitor vi When selected the Define Speed Scenario window will be invoked IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 70 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 i Define Speed Scenario Blar Y scale Range Nm 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 000 0 0 50 0 100 0 150 0 200 0 250 0 300 0 350 0 400 0 450 0 500 0 550 0 600 0 650 0 700 0 750 0 800 0 850 0 900 0 bet Be Z Time sec r a Q Set ES see 599 roA t 0 000 Target range is 10 000Nm t 0 000 Target flies 300 000Nm h ABHA t 0 000 Target flies 600 0005econds l 600 000 Target flies 600 000Nm h Action t 600 000 Target flies 300 000Seconds Target E flies s 300 000 sec v Figure 77 Define Moving Scenario Define the moving scenario by compiling a series of simple sentences Once the scenario is complete click the Return button Save the scenario when prompted by the LabVIEW dialog boxes Run the scenario by clicking the start button If a scenario is already running the RFM should be restarted by clicking the Stop m button and then the start D I button gt Remote Field Monitor vi RFM Setup Parameters OL Moving Target RFM Parameters Target Setup True range RFM
74. e measurement Is a single channel measurement 8 Upon the ARP following the start of the measurement the PPI Graph containing the sectorial STC map is updated with the measurement result for the full revolution at once IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 54 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 es 502 400 502 7 i l i i 1 i i i i 1 502 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 502 Le Figure 55 Sectorial STC result By default the Z scale color is auto scaled on the minimum and maximum of the loaded receiver calibration file The auto scale pad for the color display also contains a Z axis auto scale button to allow auto scaling on the Z axis for the selected zoom in X direction and Y direction Figure 56 XYZ Graph Controls lf wanted you can set the color scale manually in the Z co or scale control A red cursor is available in the Sectorial STC graph to allow selecting an azimuth The STC curve for the selected azimuth is then displayed in the STC time graph Range azimuth and power level of the selected point are indicated in the cursor readout When the channels STC curve is measured click the Save button to save the measurement data to disk The data will be saved as an S4 plot file containing one scan with a plot for each measurement point The following plot information fields are filled in Range Azimuth Power level Time and Scan
75. eased each second revolution in order to retain the threshold voltage vs range and azimuth 4 5 2 Getting Started The Sectorial DSTC is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Rx ES button E Sectorial_DSTC vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help SAVE r Power Setting Attenuation dB Power Step dB 4 wm 20 00 97 9 24 2 dBm r Frequency _J Tx Frequency Mhz 2 Color scale r Timing ae 24 2 Trigger Type SSR Ka 50 0 us 0 Stop Delay us sectors us 510 amp ke Es Ee Fos pa ekx F 400 D CH Les CH 300 Ne Gd EA E olo ojo KE 200 100 200 300 400 100 0 200 0 300 0 400 0 510 00 300 200 100 j 1 1 Figure 57 Sectorial DSTC software Make the connections as shown in Annex 6 Sectorial DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram Make sure to connect the radar s interrogation trigger signal to the ACP input connection of the RFA instead of to the TRIGGER P1 P3 input Verify that the quantized video output is connected to the RFA s video input 4 5 3 Software 1 Adjust the settings as needed Select the correct Tx frequency default 1090MHZz and set the Power and the correct Attenuation value The Power control sets the power level present after the extra attenuation at the RFA641 s Tx connector so indicating the power injected in the rad
76. ees 31 Figure 24 View Timing window extracting the Stagger Patter n cc1 scccsseccsseeccsssserensesesesessnsnsanesenanes 31 Figure 25 Classical SSR Mode S SClOCUON EE 32 Figure 26 Stagger Palen SCICCHON EE 32 Figure 27 Random Stagger Pau er DEE 33 Figure TEE ed e MC INO O EE 33 Figure 29 HPD Extraction Threshold CONnU ON vsiscissssiscesatiess rerssavedertsieessvizasaersnntussneveneasteibenereasdetedsinenwsieas 33 Figure e We E E 34 Figure 31 Revolution Time Unsuccessful ExtractiOn cccsccccssscncsnecessnecensesccenensenssesansnsanesesanssseesnsanes 34 Figure 32 HPD Out of Tolerance E EE 35 a E e E E TE 36 Fig r 34 Averaging HPD E 37 Figure 35 Aligning HPD WIT REICICNGC nnne 37 Figure 307 Averaged HFD RESUM EE 38 Figure 37 Calculate OTD Parameters WiNQOW ccsssccsssenessesecsnececnesenansnsenssesansnsanesesanensesaecanssnssanenaes 38 Figure 38 OTD DENION FIE assassins tates stn sete E E E E E 39 Figure 39 Make Default File CHECK DON jis cite sseecdesciaerecuiceaaaiinsdiestcusuvenisesasiatestiedas iaaa Eara 39 Figure 40 View HPD Logfiles e d n 40 Figure 417 Layer labs ANG SClCCIONG E 40 Figure 42 Antenna diagram data in TAB separated FIIC 1cc1sccccssecnsnsenennesenanenennesensecaeesneneeennsneesaeeanes 41 Figure 43 Rx Calibration Software tieeehkgegeeek Eege EulegeNe EE EdANeE een degEE Ne edeEh E GENEE gue geEeEENegeee 43 Figure 44 Verifying the CONNCCHONS vssainssciistedeeccsesadcoxaesserennin
77. ege 95 SCIECHING TNC SCON AMO D 96 SC OIIATIO CONDI QUOD asso secs eed oe eee assesses cee 96 Uplink Connection DIGQI AN D 99 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection DiaQrai sccccscccsseecsnseeessnsnesneseenseesens 100 DSTC Calibration Connection DiaQraim sscccsseccseccnssnecesnnsnesnenensnscnenssenansssanesseenesseeesnsnneges 101 Sectorial STC Calibration Connection DiaQraM 1scccsscccsssecesensnennecesanscsenssenensnsanensnenness 102 Sectorial DSTC Calibration Connection DiaQraim sccccsscccsseccrseenssnesesnnensnnsssnssnesansseesness 103 RFA641 Downlink Connection DiaQraM 1scccsscccseecccnnecessnecensssennsesanenscnnsesanesennnsenensesansgns 104 RFM Function Connection DiaQrai ccssscccsscccssneccnnnsncanecesnnsceensssnansnsanssenansesanessanssssensnsanes 105 Out beam Interference Generation Connection Diagramm see 106 RFA Transponder Interrogator Connection DiaGrai sccsscccssecnennecersnecnsenscnnsnnssncansnans 107 RFA for ADS B Connection GiaQrai c sccccsecccsnsecennecenanecsenesecansesanseesansnsanesesansssansssnansansnans 108 RFA Primary Target Injection Connection DiaQram 1 ccssscccssecesnnenenenscnnnensnnnsnsnensanesesans 109 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1 Eed 14 Table 2 TAINS INI EE 15 ET EE 15 Table 4 YIG Preselector TEE 15 ei IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 10 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Conventions USED di Note
78. electing the calibration method When the internal Tx Calibration method is used the linear receiver will be used to perform VNA measurements this method is explained in section 2 2 2 When the external Tx Calibration method is used the linear receiver will be used to perform the cable measurements and the log RF unit will be used to perform the power measurements this method is explained in section 2 2 3 In case you want to abort the test sequence you can always hit the Abort button It allows ending the sequence at the end of the test that is being executed at the moment you pressed the button The two methods implemented are discussed in the next two paragraphs 2 2 2 Internal Tx Calibration Method When the internal Tx Calibration method is used the linear receiver will be used to perform VNA measurements 1 Click the start B button to start the test sequence di Note The program will guide you through the successive steps and required connections to perform the selftest 2 First the noise level of the system is measured versus frequency For this purpose the transmitter is set to maximum power While input and output are terminated a frequency sweep over the full RFA641 frequency range is performed to measure the systems noise level 3 Then the Cable Test is performed The internal electrical length must be measured first The program will ask you to connect the 0 5m cable between the attenuators at the Tx and
79. enna at least 1 5m above ground level preferably even higher If the radar station remains visible even when standing behind the antenna a good measurement result may be expected e Choose the correct antenna polarization All SSRs are vertically polarized Primary radars can be vertical most common horizontal or circular e It is advisable to record the antenna signals in both polarization modes That way whatever the mode used or expected the data is never lost At the same time the cross polarization is measured including the effect of the environment Usually the effect of a high cross polarization is caused by reflections Therefore it can be used to determine bad positioning of the measuring antenna for reference measurements e Beware of nearby buildings or other structures reflecting large portions of the signal These reflections may influence your measurement e The most frequent error is a measurement from a too low elevation angle The HPD diagram is still correct but doesn t represent the view of the targets and antenna If in doubt use an inclinometer to find the elevation angle from the measurement position towards the radar under test e Depending on the distance of the RFA641 Uplink setup to the radar system extra attenuation must be inserted at the Rx input of the RFA641 As a general rule it is best to start with 20dB SSR or 40dB attenuation PSR between the antenna cable and the YIG input 3 2 Getting Started
80. entory For a more detailed explanation of the inventory and the related functions consult the manual on data analysis 4 Click Return to return to the Inventory button and clear the layer to remove the data This can __1 tti_dstes 2 be done by clicking the Empty button at the bottom of the inventory window je 1 La ei 5 Again click the Load File button In the LoadNewRassDataFile vi we will now select the Edit Filter button The Search Editor will pop up The following example shows what will happen when you select the following search criteria IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 63 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 gt Search Editor Inventory Filter Azimuth dea 4nd Azimuth deq 215 000000 215 500000 is greater than is less than or equal to Recording Date RecordingTime Target ID Track Nr is equal to is not equal to is greater than is greater than or equal to is less than is less than or equal to baue EIS Soo Clear Al gt S and or Except Figure 67 Example filter by radial The inventory will only display the one STC measurement selected Inventory DEK sl oam y 0 000 vertical Mode 4 code ffrec time Flight Level ffrec time R ffelevation R f rec time 4z ffrec time Track F rec time Sk Power dBm I 1 1 1 1 Rec Time 00 00 00 00 250 200 150 250 300 x Nm
81. epeated for a number of interrogations in each revolution depending of the number of sectors to be measured IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 52 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 4 3 Software The program will ask to load the correct receiver calibration file The receiver calibration file is required in order to be able to calculate the exact power level corresponding to the measured pulse amplitudes The Down Calibration table2 vi will pop up with a dialog box to select a calibration file Select the file and click OK The selected calibration file is then displayed By clicking Cancel in the file dialog it is possible to select a default table in case no receiver calibration file is available Use Slope and Offset to change the default table to your needs The calibration file can always be reloaded afterwards using the Load Rx Calibration button 1 Adjust the Power settings as required Select the correct Tx frequency default 1090MHz and the correct Attenuation value The Power control sets the power level present after the extra attenuation at the RFA641 s Tx connector so indicating the power injected in the radars receiver input The max output power of the RFA641 is guaranteed 10dBm at 1090Mhz Choose a level in the linear calibration part of the radar receiver to obtain a satisfactory result Typically it is set so that the receiver receives a power level of 40 to 50 dBm The
82. errogation trigger signal is used both as start of range and as azimuth indicator Due to limitations of the RFA641 digital input hardware only two timing signals can be connected simultaneously Therefore the interrogation count is also used to calculate azimuth The RFA641 will inject pulses of a fixed selectable power level into the receiver The M SSR s analog video output signal is then sampled by the RFA641 This amplitude is passed through the calibration curve in order to build the STC curve a gain dB versus time delay curve 4 4 2 Getting Started The Sectorial STC is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the rx lll button gt Sectorial_STC vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help e Wau ele SE us Ga 1510 l e Attenuation dB F SI 4 a I zgjezz ei si 20 00 ec gt 33 0 30 0 dBm 1000 r Frequency Tx Frequency 1090 0 Mhz bR 2 Color scale r Timing es Start Delay us 0 5 Stop Delay us 0 0 sectors dem 10 0 20 0 30 0 1000 PPA 1200 iasa Tas a 100 0 1510 WI 1 I I 1510 1000 500 0 TER Figure 52 Sectorial STC software Make the connections as shown in Annex 5 Sectorial STC Calibration Connection Diagram Make sure to connect the radar s interrogation trigger signal to the ACP input connection of the RFA641 instead of to the TRIGGER P1 P3 input This measurement is r
83. ers can be temporarily hidden This is done by means of the check box selectors to select the displaying of the curves The Empty DI button allows clearing the active layer It is even possible to superimpose SSR Uplink SSR Downlink PSR Uplink or PSR Downlink curves on top of each other Any combination is possible 1 als Eurocontrol OTD L i L i UO i OU imo OU D Figure 41 Layer tabs and selectors IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 40 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 3 Click the OTD button to calculate the OTD parameters The OTD window will appear Click the Return button after inspection 4 Incase you have antenna diagram data available in a TAB separated file the Import Hl function can be used to load this file type into the selected layer The software expects a diagram defined in HPD Data 55A 159 degrees Azimuth deg Sum dE Delta dB SLS dB four columns Azimuth deg Sum dB Delta dB SLS dB The data points must be defined equidistant in azimuth 5 An existing logfile might consist of multiple measurements from which you may want to select the best ones to be kept in a separate logfile This operation can easily be performed using the Save button Select the diagram you want to transfer to a new or existing logfile using the standard procedure Start program and select a curve with the Index control Use the Save button to evoke the Log panel If no l
84. esucsa sinonedsaustetaienivestewendeewsnea sentioiowercdsaeeeeniens 45 Figure 45 Rx Calibration ExXain EE 45 Figure 46 Receiver Bandwidth Measurement SOftWALEC 1 cc1sccccseeccnsescenensnesesneneaneeaensnesenennsneesanennes 47 Figure 47 Verifying the CONNCCHONIS E 48 Figure 48 Bandwidth measurement reSull 1cccccccsscccseccenencnnecenesenneceansennecsensnsansennensansesnsssanenaesnensesnenaes 48 Figure 49 STC DSTC Calibration SOfWAPEC c1sccccsseccsneeesnnesesnnsnsanesesanecseneseeansnsanssscansesanesenaesansneesanenans 50 Figure 50 Verifying the CONNECTIONS cc1scccsseeccnsecnsnnenecnnsesanenscnnscnansnsnassnsansneanesesanscseneseeansesaassssansneaeenans 51 Figure 51 STC measurement TE 51 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 ie 52 SCCIOMAl SIC SOMW Al E 52 Figure 53 Set sampling point Of test PUISC 1cccccscccsesseseneccnscccnenensnscnenensnensnnenanecensenensnssnecnessessasenensons 54 Figure 54 Verifying the CONNCCHONS raccacwsesteiscsosasecussebesavesentosavrecessneeseuunerointansnieisaaeaieen andesceenarisenieenit 54 Figure EE eg E 55 Fige DO XYZ Gila ee 55 Figure 57 Sectorial DST C SOMW ANC ege gedeelter eegeheegte eeng 56 Figure 58 Set sampling point Of test PUISGC 1ccccccccseenesecceneneseccnseanecsansesansennsnsaesessansansceeeneseaenssnasungans 57 Figure 59 Verifying the CONNCCHONS E 58 Figure 60 XYZ Graph ed 5
85. et Zero Range The range in us of the trigger signal This value is subtracted from the scenario range before the target is being generated So if you have a pre trigger the zero range value should be negative s Extra Attenuation Fixed An extra attenuation e g radome loss to be added to the radar equation in order to calculate the target return power e Extra Attenuation Variable A variable attenuation value e g atmospheric influence to be added to the radar equation e Use Atmospheric attenuation Calculated atmospheric loss according to Radar Range Performance Analysis by Lamont V Blake This calculation uses elevation frequency and range to determine the atmospheric attenuation of the radar signal The calculation is performed based on the graphical interpretation of the curves presented in the reference and therefore it has a limited accuracy of 0 1 dB e Use Lens effect This check box takes the lens effect into account into the radar equation The lens effect especially is important in low elevations Calculated lens effect loss according to Radar IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 94 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Range Performance Analysis by Lamont V Blake This calculation uses elevation frequency and range to determine the lens effect on the radar signal The calculation is performed based on the graphical interpretation of the curves presented in the reference and therefore it h
86. f the RFM e REM Antenna Gain Gain of the external antenna of the RFA or RMU e REM Tx gain This consists of the gain of the external amplifier if present s REM Rx Attenuator External attenuator added to the input 6 3 2 Radar Parameters e Antenna Gain SSR Antenna gain or the IFF antenna e TX Power SSR Tx Power of the interrogator 6 3 3 Target Setup e 1 Code Reply Code for Mode Interrogations e 2 Code Reply Code for Mode Interrogations e 3 A Code Reply Code for Mode A Interrogations e Altitude Generates corresponding reply Code for Mode C Interrogations e XX Switch X bit on e SPI Switches the SPI bit on e Transponder Power Typical transponder power e Target Range Actual range of the target Is used in the radar equation to calculate pathloss Using the physical range of the RFM the extra delay that is required is calculated in order to generate the target at the correct range e Reply condition Sets the power difference between P1 and P2 required to start replying 6 4 Software Click the Start button to start the RFM function Using the trigger level the minimum level for the detection of interrogations can be set For each valid interrogation detected the beeper will be activated so you will have an auditive feedback of the RFM operation IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 69 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Remote Field Monitor vi DI D RFM Running Target Generated M
87. g A file dialog pops up pointing to the selected destination The file path indicator will always reflect the latest path used New files are therefore always created in the last folder that was selected File names for the RFA recordings can be assigned automatically and are put as default name in the file dialog box that is presented when the record button is pressed The default file name is built as follows e Folder name_yymmdd_hhmmss pls for pulse recordings or e Folder name_yymmdd_hhmmss scp for scope recordings Where Folder name consists of the first 14 characters of the selected folder to contain the files yy for the year mm for the month dd for the day hh for the hour mm are the minutes and ss the seconds Since the current time is used in the file name each time you click the record button a new file will be created with a different name When you have selected the file name and recording directory click the OK button of the file dialog The recording then starts the time indicator and Pulse Count indicator will start incrementing While recording the data graph is not updated The Progress slider will Te until the file usage given in kB has reached the maximum size parameters or the Halt button is clicked Note The check box in the File indicator in the Radar Field Analyser vi allows to automatically assign the default file name Note Several antenna scans are needed to extract a correct HPD Therefore a proper re
88. g are of importance at this stage These parameter settings are saved with the recorded data The range increment and defaults of the following parameters are shown between square brackets e g 900 3500 1 1030 e Rx Frequency MHz 900 3000 3500 1 1030 This parameter controls the frequency selection setting of the RFA receiver and of the YIG filter It can be set between 900 and 3500 MHz in case the internal RF circuitry is used In case the external video input is selected as input source these limits do not exist since the RFA driver will ignore this parameter e Max Pulse width us 1 64 1 1 This parameter controls the range of the sliding window used to determine the pulse amplitude The parameter must be set slightly larger than the real pulse width of the recorded pulses Use the Scope program to verify the pulse width e Trigger level dBm 5 85 0 1 60 This level determines the trigger level above which pulses are recorded 4 First switch to the Scope program using the Program selector as shown in figure 9 in order to measure the complete pulse shape instead of only the pulse amplitude The curve will change appearance 50 0 52 0 54 0 56 0 56 0 60 0 MEAR n MAREN Figure 11 Uplink scope view The blue curve is the receiver video signal as it is sampled by the RFA641 The second grey curve shows the digital output of the threshold detector This detector output ind
89. ge Two measurement methods are implemented 1 STC Measurement of the STC curve in case the STC is implemented in the receiver and directly measurable at the output of the receiver The RFA641 will inject pulses of a fixed Selectable power level into the receiver These pulses will then be varied in time delay vs the interrogation trigger The M SSR s analog video output signal is then sampled by the RFA641 This amplitude is passed through the calibration curve in order to build the STC curve a gain dB versus time delay curve 2 DSTC In this case the STC is implemented after the receiver section by applying a variable threshold when digitising the video Therefore the video level to be sampled for each of the receivers is the quantised video The Radar Field Analyser will inject pulses starting from a minimum delay up to a maximum delay For each delay step the power level injected starts from the selected maximum power level and is decreased down to the DSTC trigger level Depending on the delay from a certain RF power level the pulse will not pass the digitising threshold anymore and disappears at the quantised video output By presenting the measured threshold level vs time delay the Digital STC curve becomes visible 4 3 2 Getting Started The STC DSTC Calibration is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Rx Us button In case of an STC measurement make the connections as shown in Annex 3 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibra
90. hanged by moving the intersection point of the green red and blue line in the triangle e Percentage of Long Roll Call and Short Roll Call FRUIT for the percentage of the Roll Call FRUIT e Percentage of Long TCAS and Short TCAS FRUIT for the percentage of the TCAS FRUIT All percentages are instantaneously calculated and updated when new settings are chosen The Distribution indicator displays a graphical overview of all the settings on the FRUIT Type panel The FRUIT rate limit indicator shows the maximal number of FRUITs per second for the chosen settings 7 3 2 FRUIT Content The Fruit Content tab allows you to select the code information contained in the generated FRUITS For both Mode A en Mode C a limited code group or the complete code group can be randomly generated For Mode A FRUITS the possibility is available to generate A codes with a minimum number of bits For Mode S the Il code contents can be selected in percentage The codes inserted into the II fields to be generated randomly can be selected using a checkbox The relevant information to these tests is the Mode A information It is setup so that only A code 7777 is generated The other settings are left default IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 74 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 if Interference Generator DEA vi Fruit Type Fruit Content Power amp Date A max Gi Random Other II Content no 2 Limited Oe Uhu i i 2 Min bits O7 O
91. he stagger copy to the left and right will be shown in the lower graph in blue In that case the cursors will automatically be put at the correct positions In this case simply click the Return button to close the Timing window and proceed with section 3 3 3 3 If no pattern can be found automatically The user must find the repetitive pattern himself By Eg selecting a number of periods from the bottom graph and clicking the Copy E button the stagger pattern is copied into the program s memory and can be used to extract this radar s pulses and discriminate them from other radars There are two possibilities 1 If the stagger period is repetitive Copying this pattern can be done by simply positioning the two vertical cursors such that they contain a repetitive pattern Then click the Copy button The repetitive pattern between the two cursors will be copied to the left and to the right This can be used to check whether the pattern is really repetitive If it does not fit immediately try to shift a cursor one position to the left or right and click the Copy button again ee A dr VAY VV i 25 z0 z5 40 45 D 10 20 ET pe m 4 EN interrogation SI Figure 26 Stagger Pattern Selection 2 If the stagger period is random or non repetitive In case the pattern is random or non repetitive we have to select the complete timing of the boresight as such that the program can calculate the minimum and maximum period
92. icates the pulses and pulse width detected Using the trigger level slider the trigger level for pulse detection can be set Position the trigger level such that all pulses are detected properly but no false triggers occur due to the noise If the trigger level is too low only noise will be sampled The default sampling frequency of the scope window is 16 MHz but if you want to monitor or record pulses with longer pulse duration up to 1ms you must lower the sampling frequency to 8 MHz or lower The graph will then show a larger time window of the recorded pulse Now switch back to the pulse program 5 The last 1024 recorded pulses are now continuously shown Rx video level output on the main screen IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 23 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 lt gt CS E Radar Field Analyser vi S z Es Pulse z Joel nfo M Receiver Rx freq 1030 00 Mhz Max widths 1 00 Del r Sampling speed r Sample Window Trigger 10 0 5 20 0 ao dem 60 0 80 0 4 80 0 IE AF Dia al Pulse court 21248 Figure 12 Uplink pulse program Again this window allows you to adjust the trigger level as such that most pulses are detected properly and no noise is recorded Click the Li Record button to start the recordin
93. iles To view the measured antenna diagrams RASS S contains a universal tool called View HPD Logging The program is capable of reading recognizing and displaying Uplink and Downlink HPD logfiles of both M SSR and PSR measurements The View HPD Curves tool can be opened from the RASS S Toolbox using the Uplink i View HPD Logfiles View HPD Curves2 vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help 2 ele LIE elie lee ale dB 0 0 d Umi I l l I 1 1 1 I 1 1 l l l l l l 1 10 00 9 00 6 00 7 00 6 00 5 00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 0 00 1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10 00 11 00 TEPE Bem Fed Rz Leiaz Jas mi J 4 Eurocontrol OTD p Index o H O M Boresight adjust DA Relative Filter L Back lobe Index Date Time 3dB beamwidth 10dB beamwidth Sum Delta Crossovers Sum Omega Crossovers Figure 40 View HPD Logfiles program 1 Use the Load S button to select a downlink logfile select the file of interest and click the OK button The selected file will be displayed in the active layer and its file name will be presented in the Layer info sub window the date and time of the recording is shown and diagram parameters of the selected logging are displayed 2 Itis possible to overlay antenna diagrams for comparison in up to five layers Select a layer by clicking on a layer tab The View HPD Logfiles program allows to overlay up to 5 layers Each of the lay
94. io using the Compile button the following window will appear IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 95 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 LoadNewRassDataFile 28 vi File pathname OD CAMPAIGH S iTESTISCENARICIPSR RING psr ring 54T Scan select ao tart l 1 00 00 04 0201 04 4 Edit Filter Sector Message is equal to a me l l l 75 100 1235 00 09 58 ozorga End T False Time Figure 112 Selecting the scenario Here you can select the xxx S4TJ file and optionally select a section of this file The default filter Sector message False should be used since the RFA PSR Target Generator does not generate sector messages Click the OK button to continue gt Compile PSR scenario_RFA2 vi Compiling for PSR Target injection Progress time 597 69 s scan nr 1150 Attention RFA max reverse power on Tx Transceiver 1W 30 dBm Parameters 3dB BW Zb 00 6470 00 max scan 151 deg ints rev dBm2 rel Compilation OK Type Swirling I Coupling a attenuator pooo de Pulsewidth 2 00 us S Power dBm total time 600 m Statistics Scenario RFA out Max power 53 34 dBm Min power dBm scans Max plots scan Min plots scan plots Misses bp S Keep history Vv 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 100 0 110 0 120 0 2130 07 140 0 150 0 0 0 10 0
95. ion Detailed reply information decoded from the reply video The full 256 us window is stored for each interrogation so it can contain the full Mode S reply waveform Video can be viewed in voltage or dBm power according to the receiver used for the logging RFA receiver Select the interrogation of interest by moving the index slider The info will be updated accordingly IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 83 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 9 RFA rop ADS B Main Controt 9 1 Theory Figure 98 RFA641 connected to RIM782 showing the ADS B plots on a laptop As an example a simple scenario with 36 targets in a circle flying outbound and making predefined movements is shown below ling H H gt Trajectory Scenario Generator Fae e ei Action j1 oons 1 000 wats 5 2 eo turns 90 000 degrees 2 eo Fies omg Seconds_ 4 eo turns _ 90 000 Seconds_ 5 _ Preoooo1 Flies 10 000 Minutes _ ES Too TT gi EES KEE i EEN Ee EEN r Traject Info Start Position Fight Ow opr ACtypel B747 z ORE ange Wa TP tapel MDS cA 3 z om Set Background _y 4 code 12 ab ___ ft S Address xf Heading 45 000 deg Scenario folder D CAMPAIGN S6 ADSB TRIALS BRETIGNY 140306 SCENARIO ADSB TEST4 To Plot Arcok Trajectory list PTEQOOO1 62 207 65 4 HI im Be l Wey eo X PTEO1002 Figure
96. ion Date 26 Nov 09 to calculate the 3dB bandwidth and 3dB centre frequency The results are shown in the YIG Filter section An error is indicated in case the YIG filter loss insertion loss is higher than 8 dB 5 The Output Power slider control is now enabled The Selftest program sets the modulator voltage and performs a frequency sweep in order to determine the output power dB for a number of modulator voltages The max output power is read from file and is assumed to be constant over the calibration period The measurement is performed in two steps The first step decreases the output power starting from max power until the Rx noise level is hit Before the second step the program will ask you to remove the 20dB attenuator at the Tx connector Again the modulator voltage is swept from max power 20dB to min while the corresponding power level is measured The resulting maximum and minimum Tx power are indicated in the Output Power field The slider allows you to set the output power i e in case you want to check the power level with a spectrum analyser An error is indicated in case the max output power is below the specified minimum and in case the dynamic range is not sufficient Even when the max power is low the user can use the RFA641 with its limited power When the modulator sweep is done the selftest sequence is ended 6 It is possible to view the YIG filter attenuation vs frequency by clicking the View Filter
97. is continuously measured and plotted versus azimuth or time All antenna measurements are intended to be performed during a regular check up or maintenance of the radar often because the antenna is damaged or degraded due to the harsh environment Additionally to its primary usage as antenna evaluation tool the RFA641 can also perform the following tests e Uplink Transmission antenna diagram Pulse power f Azimuth e Generation of test pulses for Downlink Reception Antenna Diagram Rx Pulse power f Azimuth e Receiver sensitivity sweeps Receiver Output Voltage ower e Receiver bandwidth sweeps Pow f Freq and spurious responses e STC sweeps Power f delay after trigger e Sectorial STC Power f delay after trigger Azimuth e DSTC and sectorial DSTC same as above for Quantised Video Receivers e Transmitter power spectrum pulse shape recording timing mode and stagger verification e FRUIT generation for environment simulation e Mode S interrogation generator for transponder verification e Transponder quality verification e Target injection for non pulse compression primary radars The Uplink Tx antenna diagram can be measured by using the frequency controlled receiver input on the RFA641 Using VCO s and filtering techniques a frequency range from 900 MHz up to 3 0 or 3 5GHz optional is covered both in the reception and transmission path This allows the use of the same instrument on a wide variety of radars The a
98. itivity e Automatic comparison e Visualization of Video data IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 86 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 9 3 Software 9 3 1 Trajectory Scenario Generator More information regarding the Trajectory Scenario Generator can be found in the RES user manual section 9 10 4 9 3 2 Running the Compiled Software The RFA set up is shown in Annex 11 RFA for ADS B Connection Diagram 1 To run a compiled ADS B scenario you have to load the RFA ADSB control tool from the ADS B Rx S button of the RASS S toolbox make sure the RFA641 is connected to the computer and detected in the RASS S toolbox E RFA ADSB control vi BEHA File Edit Operate Tools window Help DIS am e RFA details Scenario selection Current scenario Repliesisec 0 Serial number 0 can Sr D Radar p F of scans O Coupler loss d 0 0 d k Run time ei 0 00 DI Figure 102 RFA ADS B Control software 2 Load a scenario using the Load scenario button 3 Once the scenario is loaded the scenario name is displayed in Current scenario and the scenario path under Current scenario folder Scenario selection Current scenario DSB TEST4 ES Current scenario Folder DC AMPAIGN 5S6 405B SCENARIOVA0SB TEST4 4 Next enter the correct attenuation between the RFA Tx output and the ADSB Rx or radar input in Coupler loss typically this will be 40 dB 5 Select if you want to displa
99. iver Calibration button before 4 Verify the correct connections as shown in the connection diagram and click the Sum button 5 Adialog box will prompt the user to check the connections of the different channels to the back panel Ch 2 in and the Tx of the RFA641 Confirm the connections by clicking the OK button IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 44 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 ake sure the Sum channel video is connected to Analog input Ch2 of the RFA Backpanel and the Tranceiver Tx output is connected o the Sum ap RF input using the antenna able and the apropriate attenuator Figure 44 Verifying the connections The calibration will now be executed Receiver Calibration vi DI E 4 Bor l Ready to measure r RF tog Rec Calibration Attenuation dB Ap 1 Power Step dB onjoff O E rece y 1090 0 Me r Triggering Delay after Trigger 400 Jus onjoff LJ Timeout us Order Pulse wh 100 Jus MSE Delay after Pulse 0 Jus r Calibration pulse Amplitude v Max RMS us I I I 1 I EZI 0 10 20 30 40 50 64 e 33 7_ dem 89 3 Tx power dBm 13 9 view 4 0 25 t Vo 1 t H r Comment 110 100 s aa ap 3 J P Dr ec Cursor f87 97 dem 0 108 vy MEE Figure 45 Rx Calibration Example 6 If the noise level of the receiver is not reached during the calibra
100. iz 2 Avg bits Os O13 hb Cha E mez random ho O15 C min limited UI LOO 100 Station Oo et Statio et Other Fruit Type Fruit Content Power amp Rate BC Content A code 7777 amax kd Random Other II Content a min LA Limited fi Ce Chi hits Gi Min bits Lz Lr Us avg bits O Os Lis C code O Lis Li Cmax random Ls Un Lis o femin SP limited 5 Address IFFFFFF 5 address max d 5 address min Figure 82 FRUIT Content set up On the FRUIT Content panel the following settings are possible e Percentage of station II code 0 II code and other II codes in the Mode S FRUIT The stations II code can be set in the Station II code control at the lower left corner of the triangle Several other Il codes can be selected by clicking their respective check boxes in the Other Il Content control The percentages can be changed by moving the intersection point of the green red and blue line in the triangle e For the content of the mode A FRUIT there is a choice between a random distribution using the whole range of legal A codes Random a random distribution over a limited set of A codes Limited and a random distribution of A codes with a minimal number of bits set Min bits The boundaries for the limited set of A codes can be set using the A min and A max controls The minimal number of bits to be set can be selected using the bits control When the random button is chosen the Amin A max and min bits controls
101. lay and Repeat fields Copy Ink List Figure 91 Interrogation List To enter an additional interrogation into the list setup the interrogation parameters and click the In button again The interrogation will be added after the last interrogation If the interrogation is selected highlighted in the Interrogation list pressing the n button will replace the old interrogation with the new one A selected interrogation can be copied to the interrogation controls using the out SI button Both general fields repeat delay and interrogation fields in case of a Mode S Interrogation will be copied Pressing the Delete button removes the selected interrogation from the list 6 Once alist of interrogations is entered it can be saved to disk by clicking the Save E button and recalled whenever needed The file will be saved in the Interrogations subdirectory of the active campaign folder This way a number of interrogation lists can be created for each specific test you want to perform 7 When using the tool a next time the interrogation list can be loaded with the Load ET button A file dialog is presented pointing to the Interrogations directory of the active campaign folder listing the interrogation files already created Select a file and click OK to load the required interrogation list 8 An important function of the transponder interrogation tool is sampling visualising and when a logfile is ee of the transponder re
102. lder was defined yet use the New button to create a new folder Select the desired folder and click OK The logging folder is indicated in the Logfile for video indicator Automatically the program is armed for recording as indicated by the Record el button The Ints File field indicates the number of interrogations recorded in the logfile When the Start button is clicked the interrogation list is played For each interrogation the reply video is sampled and stored to a logfile The logging automatically stops when the last interrogation was sent out During transmissions the Tx Indicator will be red IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 80 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Logfile For Video CAMPATGN S6 SAMPLE ajre 4 le WE INTERROGATIONS el J es ints File 3 Figure 94 Reply Video Logging Each time the Start button is pressed a new logfile is automatically created in the logging folder The file name is automatically created as Folder name_yymmdd_hhmmss where Folder name consists of the first 14 chars of the selected folder to contain the files put in lowercase yy for the year mm for the month dd for the day hh for the hour mm are the minutes and ss the seconds 10 The last played interrogation schedule and related transponder reply data can be exported to a tab separated list By clicking the Export l button the print tables vi will pop up containing the following informa
103. ll point to the RESULTS directory of the active campaign folder Select the desired file and click OK Since only one scan is available you don t need to alter the default scan selection Just click OK and load the file into a layer of the inventory IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 62 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 dch Caution Please beware that in the case you are loading a large number of sectors it might take several seconds to load the data 2 The positions of the measurement data are all shown without the power level data When you want to view the sectorial D STC map click the 3D View aad button 3 Select Power dBm as Z axis This allows you to view the D STC map in the same way the recording tool displays it Third View vi 2 awe F Y Nm p 1 tti_dstc s4 ee Ivi 150 SS 140 EZ ZS gat S j G K E y A H oe Tt Al x It 130 a K ie C A UML SSIES 120 t x oo e 110 z 100 ae ech M A m 28 2 GE Ch vi sd E Bossy homes 40 0 70 y 2 Color scale 60 0 60 F RRRA a A E 50 Sa SS i Ze 80 0 4o X SS GZ oe 97 9 30 4 ps G r Custom Legend 20 3 Z r Target InfoQ A Code FL ado WO Range Nm 0 00 Azimuth deg 0 00 150 I 1 1 azza e 1 1 z 1 2 1 150 120 120 140150 WeBackGround WM map x Nm Figure 66 3D View Inv
104. llowed max azimuth difference for the crossovers to be recognized as symmetrical 8 Delta Notch Depth dB m Allowed max for the Delta Notch Depth 9 Sum Delta Crossovers 10 Power dB Min Max Allowed range for the crossover level 11 Azimuth deg Allowed max azimuth for the crossover position 12 Delta Az deg Max Allowed max azimuth difference for the crossovers to be recognized as symmetrical For each of the limits defined the corresponding parameter is checked In case the calculated antenna parameter is outside the set limits an error message is created in the OTD Error Messages window This contains the statements that the parameters are outside specification and displays the parameters result and the set limits In case of punch throughs a list of the punch throughs is created indicating level and azimuth of each punch through Using the Export I button you can export the OTD parameters limits and error messages to a tab separated file IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 39 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 3 3 6 View HPD Logfiles To view the measured antenna diagrams RASS S contains a universal tool called View HPD Logging The program is capable of reading recognising and displaying Uplink and Downlink HPD logfiles of both M SSR and PSR measurements It is possible to overlay antenna diagrams for comparison in up to five layers 3 3 6 1 View M SSR Uplink Logf
105. m gain of the PSR radar antenna This value is used along with the vertical diagram VPD to calculate the radar gain versus elevation e Tx Frequency Ghz The frequency of the radar pulse and receiver this value is used for the generation of the return signal e Coverage Model A menu selecting the earth model used to determine the earth curvature The user can select between 4 3 earth 5 4 earth 1 1 earth and a custom k factor The latter can be entered just beneath The modified earth radius is used to recalculate the target elevation e 3dB Beamwidth The beamwidth of the horizontal antenna diagram used for generation of the target return The tool generates a parabolic curve in a dB scale with a 3dB beam as specified e IPR interrogations per revolutions The number of interrogations revolutions for this radar speed The value can be automatically determined by clicking the Boot button of the tool In that case the dial will start rotating and the IPR is measured and entered in the parameter set up Once booted this value can not be manually overwritten e RCS Radar Cross Section The average radar cross section used for the calculation in the radar equation In case of Fixed RCS the return power will be stable If the user selects a Swirling case IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 93 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 the return power will be variable according to a Raleigh distribution
106. mber of preset parameters which can be adjusted to your own needs depending on the type of radar Under normal conditions this means in 90 of the cases the parameters are set correctly at default and do not need adjusting Two basic parameters that will always need adjustment are visible and adjustable as cursors on the pulse graph the boresight detection level and the threshold E View RFA pulses vi EZ MBeles Bellei Tracked dBm 17 5 2005 CS 25 0 27 5 30 0 32 5 ke 35 0 ke L ke 40 0 42 57 Hl 47 5 57 1 I 1 l 1 I 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 528 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 400 2 600 2 800 3 000 3 200 3 400 3 600 3 800 4 000 4 200 4 400 4 600 4 800 5 000 5 200 5 400 Gr d Za ae x e Scope bA BE Ecope po o Les dB Og aie sec Pulses gt h 1 1 1 LET E E HD vm 5 Time 10 00 s fl n 2 18 2003 rfa_030218_141405 pls P 2 us Ge 3 14 08 PM Figure 29 HPD Extraction Threshold Control 3 The red cursor Threshold introduces a virtual new trigger level to the pulse file All pulses below Threshold default 90 dBm will be cut off This feature is built in to remove the effects of noise pulses on the extraction algorithms To set the threshold level make sure one boresight of the radar of interest is shown Now set the threshold level by moving the red cursor line to the correct level To I
107. meters Whenever the program is evoked it will first read the limits from an OTD Definition file The OTD error messages will be displayed accordingly CalcOTDparameters vi EIS DI HPD Type OTD Definition File SSR Downlink Antenna Parameter Calculation ia Make Default file J r Calculated Antenna OTD Limits Antenna Parameter Limit Min Max Sum 3dB Beamwidth deg 2 56 0 01 Beam width deg Sum 10dB Beamwidth deg 4 55 Ton Beam width deg Powerta RECH soo Power Io 2400 sum Mean Backobe Level a6 Laag Power fae 0 00 a a CC EE EECH Power l Lo sm Deta az d _ Mean gziesdti 22 66 Ulbos bi 0 00 e E IL e Delta Notch Depth dB Power lol 24 S ee RES B B P Sum Mean Sidelobe Level d8 33 40 Power dB P P P P E ee E 28 40 175 50 Relative LU OTD Error um 10dB Beamwidth outside spec Outside 3 80 4 20 deg um Max Backlobe Level 0 02 dB too high gt 24 00 dB ultiple punchthroughs Figure 37 Calculate OTD Parameters window OTD Definition files are present in the GENERAL OTD subdirectory of the CAMPAIGN directory Currently the file EC OTD is the only file available This file contains the EC defined parameter limits according to the description in Annex 1 Critical Parameters of SSR Antennas The loaded OTD definition file is indicated on the program fr
108. mx OF Input o RFA Back Analog Chi out Ch2 in Power Connection USB Connection with Computer Figure 121 Out beam Interference Generation Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt Dig Timing Signals 15pHD to 5BNC cable D D Se e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ee 106 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 10 Annex 10 RFA Transponder Interrogator Connection Diagram Airlink 60dB attenuation Transponder AN under test RUSS y d A USB Connection with Computer Connection to car battery or car lighter socket Power Invertor Set up Guidelines In case you want to connect the transponder directly just replace the airlink by 60dB in line attenuation Make sure not to saturate the Tx output of the RFA with reverse power It can only accept 30dBm maximum reverse power Figure 122 RFA Transponder Interrogator Connection Diagram gt D IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual D odt 107 110 Z m Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 11 Annex 11 RFA for ADS B Connection Diagram RFA Back Power Connection USB Connection with Computer Y ADSB Receiver YIG Filter Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Z IvOut i Use sufficient attenuation Figure 123 RFA for ADS B Connection diagram D
109. n the channel under test and turn automatic channel switching off before connecting the RFA Tx output to the Radar s Rx Rf input Figure 116 DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram D IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual D odt 101 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 5 Annex 5 Sectorial STC Calibration Connection Diagram rae il Choose proper attenuator i D gt A Q Out Out I n In 4m BNC BNC cable Radar System Connectors Rf Test Pulse Injection Encoder Connect to A Q ACP Dig Timing Signals 15pHD to SBNC cable T BNC BNC cable Return Signal from Radar Connect to A Q YIG Filter Add attenuation in case video signal gt 2V In Out RFA Back Power Connection USB Connection with Computer Set up Guidelines A The set up is the same as set up 5 1b Rx Calibration except for the highlighted connection Make sure to switch the Radar transmitter off on the channel under test and turn automatic channel switching off before connecting the RFA Tx output to the Radar s Rx Rf input Figure 117 Sectorial STC Calibration Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt D D Se e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 102 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 6 Annex 6 Sectorial DSTC Calib
110. nchecked i gt Down Calibration table wi Rx Calibration Curve Source Default Setting File Browser OFile Slope 30 0 m dB E 3 Default Offset _ 30__ dB amp m Receiver Calibration Curve 0 5 dBm 120 0 110 0 100 0 90 0 80 0 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 E AF dBm y amp pee x Cas ez Debt SR Figure 16 External Receiver Calibration To switch to external video select the External Video button The program will prompt you to select a Calibration table for the external receiver used Select the receiver table and click OK or cancel the file dialog in case you want to define the receiver using a Slope and Offset parameter To use an LRU499 connected to the external video input select the LRU button The program will prompt you to select the LRU calibration file Enter the serial number and click the OK button to proceed i View Calibration Table vi Please enter the serial mimber of the Log RF Unit used m view Mode er Cal File Info It is printed on the LEU front panel Nout f Pin at 1090 0 MHz Device LRU Serial No 42 01 026 4201700 m Calibration Data v 2 00 Cal Date 01 03 04 at a N fe Vi E Cancel OK 1 50 1 25 1 00 0 75 0 50 0 25 0 00 0 20 1 H 1 1 1 1 H 1 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 UE a S ai dB Vera sw Q GH DS ae Figure 1
111. nd the trigger pulse The Step parameter determines the step size of the time sweep The Calibration Pulse field continuously monitors the signal available on the Ch2 video input at the IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 50 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 selected delay To have an initial idea of the D STC range and power levels you can control the time delay of the RF test pulse and the related measurement window by adjusting the Trigger Delay control Li 3 If you want to perform the RFA Selftest Calibration this is possible by clicking the Cal RFA button 4 Click the Sum button to measure the gt channel A dialog box will prompt the user to check the connections of the different channels to the back panel Ch2 and the Tx of the RFA641 Confirm the connections by clicking the OK button ake sure the Sum channel video is connected to Analog input Ch2 of the RFA Backpanel and the Tranceiver Tx output is connected o the Sum Map RF input using the antenna able and the apropriate attenuator Figure 50 Verifying the connections While the measurement is performed the result is immediately visible STC_DSTC Calibration vi BU eeeee ao SIC Calibrati r RF r Tx Power o Geer Attenuation ep To Tx Frequency Mhz Pulse width Us Delay after Pulse o Jus r Triggering Start Delay us 109 3 Stop Delay us step 1 le mat r Calibration pulse
112. nerator software is used to set FRUIT Type FRUIT Content and Power and Rate to select the characteristics of the out of beam FRUIT to be generated by the RFA641 The Interference Generator window has three tabs Fruit Type Fruit Content and Power amp Rate which can be selected At start up the controls on the front panels are in their default setting The default front panel is the FRUIT Type panel All controls can be set in randomly order no hierarchical or chronological order has to be respected Notice that the top row buttons are identical for the three panels These buttons perform a number of functions to operate the Interference Tool When the correct settings are made you can download the A interference scenario to the RFA641 using the Download button Notice that the Download button is dimmed during the first three revolutions after the start up of the Interference Tool Therefore no interference scenario can be downloaded to the RFA641 during that time The scenario can then be started using the Play button and stopped using the Stop button The Save button allows the user to save the scenario to disk such that the scenario can be re loaded in a later stage using the Load button The lock in the right bottom corner must be switched on in case the Interference Generator has to lock onto the ARP signal coming from the radar under test which is surely the case when a sector is used Once an interference scenario is runni
113. ng on the RFA641 the Interference Tool can be stopped using the Done button without hitting the Stop button first the USB connection can be disconnected and the workstation can be switched off The RFA641 keeps playing the scenario as long as it is powered 7 3 1 FRUIT Type When selecting a FRUIT composition in the Fruit Type tab the software will recalculate the Fruit Rate Limit which is displayed in the left corner of the FRUIT Type window IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 73 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Interference_Generator_RFA vi Kind aMode AIC Mode A Al Call R Long T Long D Zi Cal All Call 25 00 mc Modes Mode SIAS Roll Call WR Short ST Short 19900 Je zer gt Interference Generator RFA vi All Call O D Roll Call o D Long Do C z Ven W A Modes Mode TOAS Roll Call op Short T Short 20100 Sec Figure 81 Recalculating Fruit Rate Limit Calculation of this limit is performed according to the selected percentage of each type of FRUIT and the associated reply duration In the tests is always a test at maximum rate included On the FRUIT Type panel the following settings are possible e Percentage of Mode S and Mode A C FRUIT e Percentage of Mode A and Mode C FRUIT for the percentage of Mode A C FRUIT e Percentage of All Call Roll Call and TCAS FRUIT for the percentage of the Mode S FRUIT The percentages can be c
114. ng with FFT converts the pulse images into pulse spectrum e Transmit program controls the transmission for the Downlink measurement The Transmit program is used to transmit pulses or CW using the RFA s transmitter for Downlink purposes el 2 Before starting a recording first select or create the destination folder by using the Find Folder button When clicking this button a folder dialog will appear asking you to select a folder to store the recordings By default the folder dialog will open with the RFA subdirectory of the MSSR or PSR subdirectory of the active campaign folder as the starting point In case you want to create a new folder click the New button enter a file name and click Create Click Select and the desired folder is selected or created The File indicator of the Radar Field Analyser program will show the complete destination path for the pulse recordings followed by none File CAMPAIGN S6 DEMO M SSRIRFA x TEST none Figure 10 Recording path IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 22 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 3 The less frequently altered Uplink parameters and in a later stage you will need also the Analysis parameters be changed in the preferences window that can be recalled by pressing the Parameters button The most commonly adjusted parameters are also put on the RFA Recorder s front panel Only the parameters for Uplink Recordin
115. ntenna diagram can be extracted for different radars at any time e g multiple SSRs on one site by means of the analysis software The Downlink Rx antenna diagram can be measured with the Radar Interface Module RIM782 connected to the receiver of the radar and the RFA641 set up in the field producing test pulses at a selected frequency This recording is slaved to the antenna rotation 1 2 Key Features e With its measurement frequency tuneable in the 900 3000MHz frequency range the RFA641 supports both M SSR and PSR systems s RF receiver for reception of RF interrogations with the purpose to measure the antenna diagram in transmission uplink e RF Tx module for generation of test pulses for reception downlink pattern measurements and for receiver measurements alignment sensitivity bandwidth STC e Data acquisition engine with DSP processing and USB2 interface for direct spooling of the captured pulse data to disk for later analysis This enables a one button semi automated measurement approach e Simple and easy set up connect the Radar Field Analyser to the measurement antenna start up the host computer take power from a car battery or a UPS and start measuring e Highly portable and easily carried by one person e Frequency extension available as option IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 13 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 1 3 Hardware Description 1 3 1 Block Diagr
116. o the SSR Rx input RMU or through the YIG filter to the transceiver Rx port RFA Add sufficient attenuation if required to get within the RMU RFA Rx input range The Tx output of the RFA RMU is connected to the Out port of the coupler in order to be able to transmit through the antenna Remote Field Monitor vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help Bama pe Bh Setup Parameters Fixed Target RFM Parameters X Target Setup True range RFM 1000 0 m RFM Antenna Gain dB 1Code o 7000 Transponder Power 66 00 dBm a RFM Tx Gain b4 0 oe 2Code o 7000 Target Range 10 000_ Nm si RFM Rx Attenuator dB A Code o 7000 Reply if P1 gt P2 6 00 dB Radar Parameters Altitude d 12000 Im Antenna Gain SSR dB Ox Osr Tx Power SSR sl 10 0 dBm Range delay x 0 0 us 1 2 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 256 Nm Tx G 0 00 d m i amp D p geg may Target Return 10 0 d8m Radar Maintenance Unit RFMRx 0 0 opt Path loss gt foo d6 RFM Tx Power Sun _ dBm Target pwr Ion dem Auto update M Figure 75 Remote Field Monitor software IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 68 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 6 3 Parameters The power levels at the different locations will be recalculated in function of the set parameters and the delay of the target 6 3 1 RFM Parameters e True Range RFM Physical range o
117. ode Fixed Target Counte 10 0 P1 Level Tri rigger gg nt 9381 nt Case rei 25 0 P2 Level 81 Reply Count 1087 P3 1 Level 81 P2 Count 26351 Tei 58 0 dem 85 0 P3 2 Level Mode 1 0 P3 3 Level Sa Mode 2 W P3 C Level eu Mode 3 4 544 Mode C 543 e Input Chart Pi 45 0 A 8 So Let to e e 9 ze e e o sw el P2 j n e Ki O wot Cf a 2 o D r vil 90 ee vy P e H e Amplitude ge e s 85 0 el amplitude alfy HEA amp Figure 76 Adjust trigger level RFM Setup A number of indicators display the detected interrogations e The level indicators show the instantaneous levels of the interrogation pulses as they are identified as P1 P2 or P3 For P3 the levels are indicated depending on the detected interrogation timing e Trigger Count Each valid pulse is indicated in the trigger count e Reply Count Incremented each time a reply is sent e P2 Count Single pulses and pulses that correspond to the 2 microsecond delay for a P2 pulse are counted e Mode 1 2 3 A C Counter for the specific interrogation modes detected and replies sent To stop the RFM operation click the Stop m button In case you want the RFM to keep on running but want to disconnect the computer you can simply click the Done W button The software will stop without however stopping the device s RFM operation The RFM can also operat
118. of the radar These two values will then be used to extract the HPD using the Triggered method This means that each pulse triggers a new sampling window which starts at a position Tmin and ends at the occurrence of a new pulse or at T max The copying can be done by simply positioning the two vertical cursors such that the total cee falls between the two lines Mirroring the pattern will again take place when Ea the Copy H button is clicked but obviously the mirrors will not fit the other pattern IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 32 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 I I I I l l l l cb 4 2 D 2 4 6 D 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 IA A D Interrogation Figure 27 Random Stagger Pattern Now click the Return button to return to the View RFA Pulses window You have now determined the timing of the mode A C interrogation pattern of the radar of interest The next step to proceed to is the actual HPD extraction process 3 3 3 3 Extracting and Logging the HPD Diagram 1 First select the HPD extraction method This depends on the kind of stagger pattern of the radar system of interest as determined in previous section If the stagger period is repetitive select the Tracked method If the stagger period is random or non repetitive select the Triggered method Tracked Triggered Figure 28 HPD Extraction Method 2 Adjust the HPD Extraction parameters The HPD extraction processes use a nu
119. ogfile has been selected yet Open an existing logfile with the Open logfile button or create a new logfile with the New Logfile button In both cases a file dialog will appear The name of the newly selected logfile will be indicated in the Current Logfile string indicator Use the Add logging button to add the current data If a logfile has already been selected In this case the logfile string indicates the selected file name Use the Add Logging button to append the current data to the logfile Use the Cancel button to cancel the operation 6 If you recorded multiple HPD diagrams from different elevations you can stack these on top of each a other and create VPD diagrams or 3D diagrams using the following buttons 3D and VPD les It is also possible to view the data in a polar view mode by clicking the Polar View display the layers in polar mode 7 The HPD data can be exported using the Export button This will evoke a save file dialog pointing to the Exports subdirectory of the active campaign folder The resulting file consists of a text file containing a table This table is TAB separated and can be imported by any Spreadsheet program The file consists of four columns Azimuth deg Sum Amplitude dB Delta Amplitude dB SLS Amplitude dB The numerical data is converted in a string format with a 3 digit precision 3 3 6 2 User Defined OTD Limits see section 3 3 5 User Defined OTD Limits IE UM 00165 001 RFA6
120. om k factor to determine IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 92 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 the correct vertical refraction You can save these parameters to the site file for later use using the Save button Click OK once the parameters are set Now the selected vertical diagram is shown EES Coverage r PD Kft Coverage 35 d Pe chif ll Ce hel 30 Chal 1404 ERREA d e keete Alb Alert 100 ee ae ee Elevation deg o E A fea a a ge eins r Parameters e l E a i E ka fi Eff cross S S section area m2 40 aan e ee en ee E Angle marker 1 deg 20 Simulated Tilt o 3 0 40 60 980 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 aE deg ER Ra Smooth curve 4 Nm 1 a 3 0 Figure 109 VPD Example The tilt of the VPD can be modified electrical tilt by turning the wM tilt knob on the coverage diagram PSR window Close this window by clicking the Return L I button 10 3 4 Parameter Setup Now enter the other parameters for the simulation IF Tx power Gain Frequency or k factor still need modification you can evoke the site file once more by using the Site file 2 button Other parameters should be entered in the main window of the RFA PSR Target Generator vi s Tx Power dBW the transmit power send by the radar e Gain ChT7 The absolute maximu
121. ont panel IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 38 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 OTD Definition File OI Make Default File L Figure 38 OTD Definition File The user can change any of these parameters and save the set of limits to a new file in order to create a new OTD definition file This can Pe gone by clicking the Save ra button In case you want to change the OTD definition file click the Load RI D button In some cases you might want to set your OTD definition as default calculation Check the Make Default file checkbox upon closing the OTD program the active OTD definition file will be set as the default file to be loaded whenever the OTD program is called Make Default File Le Figure 39 Make Default File checkbox The following list describes the OTD limits that can be set by the user Please note that all limits are defined as relative to the SUM PSR max power level 1 SUM PSR 3dB Beamwidth Min Max deg Allowed min and max for the 3dB beam width SUM PSR 10dB Beamwidth Min Max deg Allowed min and max for the 10dB beam width Sum PSR Max sidelobe level dB m Allowed max for the Sum PSR max Sidelobe level Sum PSR Max Backlobe level dB m Allowed max for the Sum PSR Backlobe level Omega Notch Depth dB m Allowed max for the Omega Notch Depth Sum Omega Crossovers Power dB min max Allowed range for the crossover level eo eS YS Ze Delta Az deg Max A
122. ownlink settings tab IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 66 110 i Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 gt HPD_Preferences vi Downlink RVR RFA Timing Tx Freq 1090 0 Mhz Delay after trigger 600 bs Tx type spam Sliding window ee S SAM Holdoff us Sampling window 1200 H Filter SAM Width Hs Min pulse width Us SAM Timeout Us Deltapulse 5 AD Tx Power 10 00 dBm Recording If Chi Sum is gt mt Jop Log From deg to 360 0 deg Cancel Figure 73 Preferences window 2 Several settings can be changed such as the width of the pulses Tx power The Tx type selector can be switched between SAM and CW signals When you have changed the settings according to your wishes click OK to return to the Uplink program 3 The Uplink program will show the transmitted signal and warn you of the fact that the RFA is now transmitting gt Radar Field Analyser vi Le h La e 2 full S Ex ER Warning RFA is transmitting 10 0 dBm SAM Transmit v SH File o Receiver _ Max width a 1 00 us Sample Window dBm Sampling speed 20 0 sl 16 Mhz 4ys 10 o Trigger 0 0 Reg ER dBm 20 0 30 0 Progress 40 0 50 071 e i T i i Co 0 0 200 0 i 600 0 800 0 1000 0 1200 0 BEE enen E IS Wir Re EZ us Time oo s j D rm Pulse count J
123. ox will prompt the user to check the connections of the different channels to the back panel Ch2 In and the Tx of the RFA641 Confirm the connections by clicking OK ake sure the Sum channel video is connected to Analog input Che of khe RFA Backpanel and the Tranceiver Tx output is connected o the Sum MIb RF input using the antenna able and the apropriate attenuator Figure 47 Verifying the connections Next the frequency sweep is carried out The bandwidth curve is measured and the 3dB and 10dB bandwidths can be calculated gt Bandwidth Calibration vi ren o E L llsltCllsltJsltsllel Ready to measure ol P 5 Frequency Power Setting x PS de Rx Bandwidth Calibration Sum Centerfiogo bo mHe Attenuation dB Delta Sweep 150 00 MHz 4 F ER Omega Step om MHz r Triggering r Procedure Delay after trigger us Timeout us Dynamic Pulse width us Static Delay after Pulse po Ju Calibration pulse v Amplitude H 97 9 TxPower 24 2 dBm 2 27 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 2 i I I 1 1 1 us 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A hi 1165 1 MHz l I 1015 0 Txfrequency 1165 0 view E 34 0 1 1 i 1 Comment 1015 0 1050 0 1075 0 1100 0 1125 0 1150 0 1165 0 MHz 1 Ga F Rx Bandwidth calc py a Se ees e RRE mo em Figure 48 Bandwidth measurement result Enter 3 dB or 10dB in the Rx Bandwidth calc field and the re
124. parameters is changed the measurement buttons Sum Delta and Omega will be disabled until the next ARP occurs 4 If you want to perform the RFA Selftest Calibration this is possible by clicking the Cal RF button 5 Before starting the measurement it is important to check the position of the output pulse and the setting of the sampling point Click the Preview S button to open the Preview STC vi window IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 53 110 i Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 i gt Preview STC vi TIE Figure 53 Set sampling point of test pulse Use the cursor to set the sampling point for the pulse amplitude Once set click the Return button to return to the sectorial STC measurement program 7 Make the correct connections for measuring the gt channel as described in the set up window and click the Sigma button A dialog box will prompt the user to check the connections of the different channels to the back panel Ch2 and the Tx of the RFA641 Confirm the connections by clicking the OK button ake sure the Sum channel video is connected to Analog input Ch2 of the RFA Backpanel and the Tranceiver Tx output is connected o the Sum op RF input using the antenna able and the apropriate attenuator Figure 54 Verifying the connections di Note The channel selection button is only used to select the correct Rx Calibration table correct channel Th
125. piling the scenario is downloaded to the Radar Field Analyser RFA641 for injecting the interference signals in the RF section of the radar 7 2 Getting Started The Out beam Interference Generator RFA can be loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Scenario Generation SSR i button Interference_Generator_RFA vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help e JEHEL raver mcm lus Fruit Type Fruit Content Power amp Rate CW pow Rate Distribution _ r Radar e ECHO Power ce Max dBm Max dBm j sec Be Coupler Loss co E o random a O O equidistant exponential a out sector in sector 0 00 Min d m secirev Deg gt Figure 79 Interference Generator software When you run the RFA fruit generator and no equipment is connected you will see a warning message A Warning he EFA was not found Wod you like to proceed without the RFA connected Then enter the Serial mmber of the EFA hereunder LA Figure 80 Warning message RFA not found Filling in the serial number allows you to perform the scenario generation without the equipment being connected Set up the RFA641 as shown in Annex 9 Out beam Interference Generation Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 72 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 7 3 Software The Interference Ge
126. pl odt 59 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 In the example of Figure 62 we selected an M SSR Radar Rx Calibration file The calibration data is displayed in the data graph File name date and time are default shown Four cursors are foreseen to readout specific measurement data if desired These cursors can be switched on or off with the check mark at the right of the cursor readout Two vertical and two horizontal cursors are available i gt View Rx Calibration vi Zeil e e File Info det S Date 2 18 2002 dem 142 v IRC Dx dB CHA smooth CAL_020218 CAL time FASSAM dm 136 i JE B Dy v dom Ce _ OL J 0 Slope VE Horz2 ss Joe Ciy OL IB O Rx Calibration Curve Sum 7 Delta Le RK R S d 5 7 5 d 20 0 10 0 ps pen S Input power dBm UD o GEZ Unfiltered L Figure 62 Viewing a receiver calibration result 2 The data can be exported to a spreadsheet formatted text file by clicking the Export E button 3 A file dialog appears to select destination and file name The dialog default points to the EXPORT directory of the active campaign folder Select the destination and file name and click OK The table saved to the text file is TAB separated and can be imported by any spreadsheet program The numerical data is put to a string format with a 3 digit precision The file consists of four columns o For Rx Calibration
127. plies First of all you can play the interrogation list by clicking the Start button For each interrogation in the list the data is sampled and displayed in IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 791110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 the Reply Video window The last reply will be visible at the end of the sequence bh 2 1 0 qi it tt 0 6 H l 8 i 0 2 0 0 112 4115 0 1200 1250 1300 135 0 140 0 145 0 148 Wf as Ehe Lie y IE vi us H Dill d karz fs 69 le bez v UR REPLY 1 Figure 92 Reply Video window The sampling window is 256us The reply delay can be set according to the range of the transponder under test In case you want to replay the interrogation list over and over you can switch on the Continuous check box When the end of the list is reached the program starts over from the beginning A number of counters are updated for each interrogation sent out o ints counted number of interrogations sent o replies of replies detected o ints All Call number of All Call Interrogations sent o replies All Call number of All Call Replies detected o PdAC replies All Call ints All Call The reply is also decoded and the reply data is displayed in the Reply field Reply Mode 55R C 5124 FL 350 Figure 93 Decoded Reply Video 9 Click the Select Folder button to select a recording folder A folder dialog will appear In case no recording fo
128. r test avoid fences and wires Change the antenna height to avoid a minimum due to ground reflections Make a Scope recording to validate the Transmit pulse and the environment Choose the correct antenna polarization SSR vertical PSR vertical or horizontal Horizontal and Vertical polarization Choose the opposite antenna polarization and make a recording to evaluate the effects of the environment such as reflections A Avoid nearby buildings or other structures reflecting large signals Avoid a low elevation angle versus the radar under test Avoid Rx Input saturation 10dBm Verify the Max Width parameter Tips and Tricks Use the Info field to remember the details of the set up place frequency polarisation In case the diagram exceeds 10dBm add attenuation before the YIG filter Max width pulse parameter SSR default lus PSR pulsewidth 20 check pulsewidth using scope mode Figure 114 Uplink Connection Diagram Z 3 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 99 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 3 Annex 3 Rx Bandwidth and STC Calibration Connection Diagram Choose proper attenuator 4m BNC BNC cable Rf Test Pulse Injection Dig Timing Signal Connect to A Q 15pHD to 5BN cable BNC BNC cable Return Signal from Radar Connect to A Q Add attenuation in case video signal gt 2V YIG Filter In Out In Out RFA Back
129. ration Connection Diagram Cal f D Choose proper attenuator AP g x A Q Out Out Out In In In A el Mu 4m BNC BNC cable Dig Timing Signal ISpHD to 5BNC cable TIL Rf Test Pulse Injection ystem Connectors Connect to Bocado AR ac U OBI Ven oriei Radar Field Analyser RFA641 FES In Out In Out BNC BNC cable Return Signal from Radar RFA Front THL Add attenuation in case video signal gt 2V RFA Back USB Connection with Computer Power Connection Set up Guidelines A The set up is the same as set up 5 1b Rx Calibration except for the highlighted connection Make sure to switch the Radar transmitter off on the channel under test and turn automatic channel switching off before connecting the RFA Tx output to the Radar s Rx Rf input Figure 118 Sectorial DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram D EE e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual ol odt 103 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 7 Annex 7 RFA641 Downlink Connection Diagram Field Set up GI PUNOIS PIOAR oi 4319 oSueyD a qeo PUUAIUE wp YIG Filter Analog Digital O Input Output chiou ch2in amp USB Connection with Computer Connection to car battery or car lighter socket DC
130. rogation power level of the RFA641 is limited to 17 dBm 50 mW minus 10 dB attenuation of the external attenuators Therefore the real interrogation power send by the device is 7 dBm SmW The air link with the transponder will attenuate 60 dBm bringing the power at the input of the transponder at 53 dBm which is comparable with radar operation In case you want to connect the transponder directly just replace the air link by 60dB of attenuation capable of handling 250W peak power 8 2 Getting Started SAS D CC The RFA Transponder Interrogator is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Transponder al button Make the connections as shown in Annex 10 RFA Transponder Interrogator Connection Diagram gt RFA Transponder Interrogator vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help i leie E Power ar 16 66 HH im 20 0 40 0 60 7 Delay D HS Repeat Zh AA from DF11 J PBA I4 Cli4 General d o JO M Logfile For Video ere e Tx Q ints File 0 v 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 0 0 25 0 50 0 75 0 100 0 125 0 150 0 175 0 200 0 225 0 250 0 275 S eaer Es Dh A i Meye Eur2 Jfs 69 Jus P62 Jv CEJA amp REPLY 10 00 ints counted 0 ints All Call 0 Info Continous Reply Delay 0 00 ps replies 0 repliesAll call 0 Min level Pd Ac 0 00 Figure 84
131. rrit AC IMN ipe iP 8 GE ak Ki Sin S Ur GO VDL rot RESTAN Taht le SA 66 66 FL 150 Air Speed irspeed 6 365054 Nm7s ae petits He agin 2 z Zut PA 178 Rirerstt Iden SEN 695 Veloci ite GEET G Cate o d y egory pp 200 Targe Gier 00 00 00 0000 No ore rge ney Not reported 616 Data Source Identifier 0 0 00 SAC Bx868 SIC 004 040 Tar et Report Deseri ptor deg OCR i GBS SIM pet RRB SAA ser 6 Gi Bi ERR e air ARC i 1 Lesen ime of ba ay UTC oa Reg in o CH H Lo IR Target Info Q 4 Code 0 FL 0 H 5 51 PTEOOOO Range Nm 23 09 Azimuth deg 248 58 MOO 0000 0000 00 Type Modes Track 7 Power dem 0 0 Rec Time 09 57 18 42 4I Rec Datd 14 03 2006 Network LAN WeackGround Amap Longitude deg Scan 6 BR ee es Oe Oe Figure 100 RASS S analysis tools showing ADS B cat 21 data of heavily garbled squitter replies ve The ASTERIX cat 21 was then converted into an S4 file allowing it to be visualized and verified in the Inventory tool The details of the cat 21 can be verified in the Protocol Viewer tool and the Pd and Accuracy can be evaluated using the Pd and Accuracy tool for ADSB Once the two datasets scenario and detected ASTERIX are visualized in the Inventory tool it becomes easy to calculate Pd of detection accuracy etc from this data Obviously the tests can be repeated several times to provid
132. s frequency of the RFA receiver The blue cursor can be manually set to a peak in the frequency graph This way the radar under test can be selected by frequency 2 Now enter the following parameters e Start frequency Determines the start frequency for the sweep e End frequency Determines the end frequency for the sweep e Frequency step Determines the frequency step for the sweep e Sampling time Determines how long the frequency remains fixed The pulses indicator shows the instantaneous number of received pulses while the Frequency indicator shows the instantaneous frequency Select the mode of operation using the Y scale switch Max power d Max power PRF pulse s Pulses histogram Figure 14 Frequency Sweep Y Axis selection e Max Power mode maximum power peak power received on the scanned frequencies e PRF pulses s mode received pulses per second on the scanned frequencies e Pulses histogram mode the accumulated number of received pulses on the scanned frequencies 3 The frequency graph has a memory and always retains the highest value Each time one of the IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 25 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 sweep parameters above explained is changed the graph is cleared and the frequency sweep starts over from the selected start frequency on 4 Click the Return button to close the panoramic sweep window and to return to the RFA
133. ser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 2 2 dl E Ent ME 46 Ee 47 7 ae ee e Let e E 49 AS S CG Ed e EE 49 As Wa PCO EE 49 OZ AGUNG OFAN ME 49 Ah en 50 AA SEC ON a RE 52 PE alias PN OMY TEE 52 4 4 2 die E BEE 52 aE OMAN ees 53 e ECH e LR EE 56 ABD dey Be ONY E 56 AIA de Lee E WEE 56 d E eh 56 A6 View XC AIP AGO cs cescc tres aeeceecececsseacescwsacennaceussneccenccentacdteeneca oausteeccdencunncnsmnseuncscebeeneomcecucniciacumedecnss 59 BOs MOONY EE 59 46 2 Ende ee e D 59 EG en 59 4 6 4 Viewing Sectorial STC and DSTC Measurement ies 61 5 DOWNLINK MEASUREMENT EE 66 Scheden 66 Se UU CA E 66 E EE 66 6 Remote FIELD MONITOR EE 68 Mic INGO E 68 A GOING Kn ET 68 Dee Ebbe 69 63 1 REM AN MIC TON S tege 69 BEER 69 ss PANO SND E 69 04 EE 69 7 Out Beam INTERFERENCE GENERATOR FRUIT ccccsecceeecseeeeneeeeeeeneseneseneeeeeseesees 72 r nu TEE 72 Te AGUNG GAC D 72 L Ee ae i ae ee ee 73 e Va TY OS ee E E E cence gestae ss vents oadau a E e EE E AE 73 ese FRUIT O70 9 E 74 fee e eg 75 8 RFA TRANSPONDER INTERROGATOR ecccceecescecceenecneeeeeeueceeeeeseeeeaeeseeeeeeueeeeeseaeeneaeeeenees 77 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 5 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Ris WINS ONY EE 77 B23 GO date SA e BE 77 EE 77 6 3 1 RFA Transponder Interrogator sssrinin an ii Ada eg gege geheie T1 8 3 2 Viewing the logged Interrogation Reply Data 81 9 RFA
134. ses a large stagger the points in the graph are not always equidistant in time If it is required to resample the graph towards equidistant points which could give you an improvement for OTD calculations and logging of the graph click the Spline button In that case the HPD graph will be splined using a cubic spline routine All editing can be undone By moving the index slider back and forth the original HPD will reappear in the graph The HPD curve will now require a detailed evaluation This can be done automatically using the OTD P button which will invoke the following window gt CalcOTDparameters vi iF a a m HPD Type OTD Definition File SSR Uplink Antenna Parameter Calculation ie Make Default file J Calculated Antenna OTD Limits Limit Im Iw 3 eam Width deg eam Width deg um Max Sidelobe Level dB 20 41 14 66 Power dB um Mean Sidelobe Level dB 36 46 VH um Max Backlobe Level dB1 26 60 180 10 ower dB ower d6 ower dB pO ower dB um Omega Crossovers dB ower dB 14 57 Delta Az deg um Mean Backlobe Level dB 46 30 18 29 es E D Punchthroughs None e E ep ower dB D Sum 3dB Beamwidth outside spec Outside 2 10 2 70 deg Sum 10dB Beamwidth outside spec Outside 3 80 4 20 deg Sum Max Sidelobe Level 0 59 dB too high gt 21 00 dB um Omega Crossovers outside 18 0dB 3 0d
135. spective filter bandwidths will be calculated and displayed 5 For MSSR stations make the correct connections to measure the Delta and Omega al channels and repeat step 4 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 48 110 op Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 6 Ameasurement can always be interrupted by clicking the Stop button 7 When all channels are measured click the Save button to save the measurement data to disk The VI will prompt a standard file dialog by default pointing to the CALIB subdirectory of the MSSR or PSR subdirectory of the active campaign folder Type in the desired file name and save the data to disk or select Cancel if you do not wish to save the results 4 2 4 Troubleshooting 1 A File not found message pops up the minute you run the instrument o Check whether the RFA calibration files are installed correctly 4 3 STC DSTC Calibration 4 3 1 Theory The STC measurement result consists of an RF input power versus time table To be able to measure the gain vs time delay the RFA641 needs to be synchronised to the interrogation signal of the radar under test The position of the RFA641 transmitters output pulse is then altered in discrete steps ranging from a set maximum Stop Delay to a minimum Start Delay The power level for the measurement pulses can be set in the Tx power control Make sure that the power of the measurement pulses is within the receiver ran
136. t equidistant in time Therefore it is required to resample the graph towards equidistant points in order to ensure correct OTD calculations and correct presentation in the View HPD Logfiles function by clicking the Spline button The new equidistant azimuth step can be set using the parameter window This may take a few seconds to complete The progress bar will appear to monitor the process The process also removes eventual abrupt spurious pulses The number of points for the median filter should be adjusted according to the number of HPDs used for averaging Click the Parameters button and change the Median Filter points parameter to 2 click OK to return to the View RFA pulses and again click the Spline a button to perform the cubic spline IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 37 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 Ss af 5 0 P2 10 0 ae Pulse 15 0 5 Po atts o 25 0 30 0 Ss 35 0 sa afa Ce Pi 40 0 i 45 0 S La 50 0 1 H I I I I I 1 4 I 4 353 300 250 200 15 0 i00 5 0 Go 5 0 100 i50 20025 offset 20 00 2 menn E E SN scope OER E7 Jas OHA ei eil Figure 36 Averaged HPD Result Since the software doesn t distinguish between single and multiple derived HPDs all other features such as OTD calculation keep on working correctly 3 3 5 User Defined OTD Limits The OTD Limits section displays the OTD Limits applied to the calculated antenna para
137. tial 0 00 0 00 SECIrEY Deg E Fruit Type Distribution Radar sec Coupler Loss 1000 500 QO random e E LA equidistant exponential 0 00 0 00 Min dm Min deri secirey Deg fF Figure 83 Power amp Rate set up On the Power amp Rate panel the following settings are possible Carrier frequency of the FRUIT and CW The FRUIT power is randomly generated defined by a uniform range distribution between the Min and Max boundaries in accordance with a 20 dB dec propagation law The minimum and maximum power values are the powers at the radar input To determine these correctly the software needs the user to input the coupler loss between the output of theRFA and the input of the Radar The CW interference power is randomly distributed between the Min and Max boundaries When the minimum differs from the maximum the amplitude of the CW interference signal changes at a 2 KHz rate CW interference can only be generated in sector The CW interference can be switched off with the check box There are two different sectors for the generation of interference in sector and out sector The in sector and out sector FRUIT rates can individually be switched off with their respective check boxes Notice that the combination of FRUIT and CW is only possible in sector The time gaps between the FRUITs are then filled with CW interference It is possible to chose between a random an equidistant or an exponential FRUIT distri
138. tion gt PrintTables vi Peel mea keea BEA B Headers in textfile wv a H Transponder Test Sequence 19 Time s Interrogation Reply CCE d da 0 003 Mode Mode SRA 0 040 Mode Mode sR 28S fo o76 Mode Mode RAFF O1i Modec Mode SSR CELL BED O E G o i i Mo So o S EEN o OO A M Y i o O T o o i i RE EE a DEET DE O T GEET EE ae O ER EE o E Figure 95 Print Interrogation Tables 8 3 2 Viewing the logged Interrogation Reply Data The View Transponder Test Data program allows to page through the successive interrogations and the corresponding transponder replies The program can be opened from the RASS S Toolbox using the Transponder i button IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 81 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 View Transponder Test Data vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help fei record Logfile For video Date Time File herrea mm 60 80 100 Scale Yolts nterrogation number 0 ails Max power 0 00 dBm 1 8 Min power 0 00 dBm Max Ampl 0 00 y Min mpl 0 00 V r Int Detail 165 1 4 as ros 0 8 0 6 0 4 Das 0 0 I I I I 1 I 0 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 88 0 If azja 2B Sot Dau 34 54 52 V Jet lo 0 00 ys amp Hs US o D RE 47 67 ht OFE Dy nmn w REPLY 1 Figure 96 View Transponder Test Data software 1 Load the recorded reply interrogation file from disk using the Load file Cl
139. tion the receiver calibration measurement can be performed in successive steps in order to increase the overall dynamic range Append On OF of the receiver measurement To do this check the Append e button and insert an extra attenuator after the first run Enter the correct new attenuation value into the Extra Attenuation parameter and again click the Sum button The software will append the two calibration curves to each other 7 For MSSR stations proceed with the measurements of the Delta and Omega al channels Press the respective buttons on the software front panel change the connections as described in the pop up window and repeat steps 4 5 and 6 8 Acalibration procedure can always be interrupted by clicking the Stop m button 9 The user can select a filter option so that the calibration curves are improved and spikes due to the operational use of the radar are removed To do this check the Filter check box on the graph The filtering is done only for the part of the curves between the cursors So move the left cursor approximately to the noise floor intercept point before checking the filter box to reduce the curve fitting oscillations The filter consists of a median filter of order 1 followed by a polynomial fit algorithm from which the user can alter the default order of 5 to a higher value The MSE indicator shows the Mean Squared Error of the curve filtering IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 45
140. tion Connection Diagram in case of a DSTC measurement make the connections as shown in Annex 4 DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 49 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 STC_DSTC Calibration vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help 6 BBel e ee am w gt RF r Tx Power Attenuation dB Tx Frequency Mhz Pulse width HS Delay after Pulse o Hs Triggering Start Delay Us 89 3 Stop Delay 1500 jys Step us aa r Calibration pulse v Amplitude V See STC Calibration 1 547 1 0 0 5 0 2 1 1 1 1 I I us D 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 U Su US i l 10 Trigger delay us 1500 View bd r Comment 1 1000 0 ME e s oo emg Sea Ni x sum Jo ie o0 de mE Figure 49 STC DSTC Calibration software 4 3 3 Software The software will ask to load the correct receiver calibration file after you have started the tool This is necessary to be able to calculate the exact power level corresponding to the measured pulse amplitudes This can also be done using the Load Rx Calibration LA button The selected calibration file is then displayed By clicking Cancel in the file dialog it is possible to select a default table in case no receiver calibration file is available Use Slope and Offset to change the default table to your needs 1 i
141. tion Diagram ccccscccseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeneeeeneseennesaaes 101 11 5 Annex 5 Sectorial STC Calibration Connection Diagram ccccsseesseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeaaes 102 11 6 Annex 6 Sectorial DSTC Calibration Connection Diagram cccccccseseeeeeeseeeseeesseeeneeneeseeees 103 11 7 Annex 7 RFA641 Downlink Connection Diagram ccccscesseeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeneseeseeeeeesenees 104 11 8 Annex 8 RFM Function Connection Diagraim cccccccsseeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeneeseeeesaneeeeseneeeesensanes 105 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 6 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 11 9 Annex 9 Out beam Interference Generation Connection Diagram cccccssecsssesseeeeeseneeeees 106 11 10 Annex 10 RFA Transponder Interrogator Connection Diagram ccccssccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 107 11 11 Annex 11 RFA for ADS B Connection Diagram ccccccceseceeeeeeseeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeesaseeneenesseneeaes 108 11 12 Annex 12 RFA Primary Target Injection Connection Diagram ccccsseseeeseeseeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 109 11 13 Annex 13 Configuration LISE E 110 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 7 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 TABLE OF FIGURES Figur 1 BIOCK DIGOIAIN E 14 Figure 2 RFA Selftest SONMWAMC E 16 Figure 3 Device e ler DE 16 Figure 4 Selecting the calibration Metho
142. tional impact The test pulses are then measured at log video level at the output of the M SSR or PSR receiver using the RIM782 further explanation can be found in the RIM782 manual This chapter will explain the function of the RFA641 in the downlink measurement 5 2 Getting Started When the RIM782 is set up at the radar site according to the RIM 782 manual it is time to set up the RFA641 in the field the same location as for an Uplink measurement can be used tips to find a good location can be found in section 3 1 The set up is shown in Annex 7 RFA641 Downlink Connection Diagram When the button Radar Field Analyser vi 2 ile 2 es Puse 0 File r Receiver RB Rx Freq 10 Max widths us r Sample Window dBm 8 Sampling speed sl 16 Mhzi4us M Trigger 10 0 20 0 r Progress 80 0 File usage 0 kb IE Kn O Time 0 0 Je M Piron Pulse count O Figure 72 Uplink Software 5 3 Software 1 The Uplink program contains 4 different programs which can be selected via the selector shown in figure 9 For the downlink function the Transmit program needs to be selected as it transmits pulses or CW using the RFA641 s transmitter As soon as the Transmit program is selected the HPD_Preferences window will pop up this window can also be evoked using the Preferences button at the D
143. used for the RES tool The output file xxx S4TJ is used to generate the targets This file can be verified prior to replay using the inventory tool The RFA641 set up is shown in Annex 12 RFA Primary Target Injection Connection Diagram Please bear in mind the remarks of section 10 1 1 Calculation of External Attenuation Select the software from the Scenario Generation button on the PSR side of the RASS S toolbox IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 91 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 RFA PSR Target Generator vi File Edit Operate Tools Window Help e Alas Scenario Folder Parameters 3de Bw 00 geet IPR 1024 00 ints rev rev s a a RCS DO dBm2 0 000 Type Fixed RCS Coupling a attenuator 0 00 Jl Pulsewidth 2 00 hel Zero Range hop _ us d E ke s p 000 dB Nm I 1 I 1 I 1 0 0 00 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Lens effect wv z elevation deg Atmospheric att wv 3 Target List a 1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 25o SU Nm Altitude 10000 fe Altitude Ft a Antenna Gain ffelev 40000 oo RCS T Elevation hi 0 00 fde S Hit CR 20000 ett Atm loss 000 dB e Am Lens effect 0 00 fde geen Gi a Extra att 0 00 dB Path loss 0 00 dB een Target Return 10 00 dBm Tx power 0 00 dB RFA out 0 00 dBm The list nf Farnet in HRe sre Figure 107 RFA PSR Target Generator
144. uto scale pad for the color display also contains a Z axis auto scale button to allow auto scaling on the Z axis for the selected zoom in X direction and Y direction Figure 60 XYZ Graph Controls lf wanted you can set the color scale manually in the Z co or scale control A red cursor is available in the sectorial DSTC graph to allow selecting an azimuth The DSTC curve for the selected azimuth is then displayed in the DSTC time graph Range azimuth and power level of the selected point are indicated in the cursor readout 7 When the measurement is finished click the Save button to save the data to disk The data will be saved as an S4 plot file containing one scan with a plot for each measurement point The following plot information fields are filled in Range Azimuth Power level Time and Scan Nr This data file can be viewed using the 3D View function of the Inventory as explained in section 4 6 4 Viewing Sectorial STC and DSTC Measurement Files The VI will prompt a standard file dialog by default pointing to the RESULTS subdirectory of the active campaign folder Type in the desired file name and save the data to disk and Omega channels Press the respective buttons on the software front panel change the connections as described in the pop up window and repeat steps 6 and 7 9 For MSSR stations proceed with the measurements of the Delta _ IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 58 110 Radar Field Anal
145. utton as explained in section 2 2 2 above Click the Return button to stop the Selftest function or to return to the calling function When the RFA Self Test Calibration procedure is performed without problems you can continue with the measurements knowing the RFA641 is performing as expected 2 3 Troubleshooting In case the RFA641 cannot be found an error message will appear verify whether the Radar Field Analyser IS powered up and properly connected IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 20 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 3 UPLINK 3 1 Theory The Uplink measurement will provide you with horizontal polar diagrams of any M SSR PSR antenna in its operational environment by recording the pulses of the radar For this purpose the Radar Field Analyser is set up in the field with no connection to the radar An antenna will pick up the radar signal from the air P1 P2 P3 1030MHz or PSR transmissions and the Uplink software calculates the HPD antenna diagram from this data The pulses can be recorded in a condensed format pulse mode or in detail scope mode After the recording the HPD can be extracted from the data through fingerprinting stagger When selecting a measurement position for the RFA641 setup take into account the following guidelines e Make sure to have direct line of sight to the radar under test and place the RFA641 at a distance of min 0 5km and max 40km e Place the ant
146. v 09 The HPD is now transferred to the reference pattern indicated by gt and Q The gt reference channel will be derived from P1 or P3 or the average level of P1 and P3 depending on the setting of the selector The result is an overlay of the HPD at index 1 and its copy to the reference The reference layer is set to connect the diagram dots to give a visual indication that the copy action was performed correctly dEr 75 0 Pi z30 0 q Po ere Foresight i Pz 40 0 i Pulse 45 0 DD 55 0 60 0 65 0 4 70 0 75 0 0 0 1 i l l 1 i I 1 180 0 SE 125 0 100 0 25 0 0 0 25 0 DO D 70 100 0 125 0 150 9 180 9 Sele eem GE 20 op scope LR e761 a IA a ldea Figure 34 Averaging HPD s 3 Now select the next HPD extracted by changing the index to 2 You will notice that this HPD will be slightly different from the reference E I I D H I I I UI Gs HU 1 2 10 0 Fa D 24 DD E 1 0 123 1350 175 20 0 23 1 nals Gei SE Ge scope UI e761 Jas LRea ol Figure 35 Aligning HPD with Reference Use the Xoffset control to align the HPD with the reference Use the boresight and sidelobes to select the best match Once this is done you can insert the HPD points in the reference by clicking the HPD button This can be repeated multiple times each time increasing the number of samples used to define the HPD diagram 4 Due to the interleaving of multiple HPDs the points in the graph are no
147. vel corresponding to the measured pulse amplitudes This can also be done using the Load Rx Calibration LG button The selected calibration file is then displayed By clicking Cancel in the file dialog it is possible to select a default table in case no receiver calibration file is available Use Slope and Offset to change the default table to your needs 1 First decide to make a static or dynamic measurement by selecting the corresponding procedure selector When the dynamic setting is chosen the pulse amplitude is automatically varied during the calibration procedure according to the receiver s bandwidth curve Insert the strict minimum extra attenuation An optimal value is the one where at minimum Tx power the receiver is not saturated in the passband This way maximum amplitude pulses can be used in the outside of the passband For a static measurement adjust the settings as needed Select the correct Tx Power and Attenuation value The Power control sets the power level present after the extra attenuation at the RFA641 s Tx connector so indicating the power injected in the radars receiver input The max output power of the RFA641 is guaranteed 10dBm at 1090Mhz Choose a level in the linear calibration part of the radar receiver to obtain a satisfactory result Typically it is set so that the Rx receives a power level of 40 to 50dBm The external attenuator added is typically 30dB in order to reach the maximum receiver input power
148. y span from 50 MHz below to 50 MHz above the selected selftest frequency During the frequency sweep a progress bar indicates the progress and also the pulse amplitude can be viewed in the LRU Input Power graph Once the YIG Filter sweep is completed the program continues with the Tx modulator calibration The frequency is reset to the selected selftest frequency and the modulator voltage is swept from maximum to minimum The LRU499 measures the RF power generated and this way the output power is calibrated The measurement is performed in two steps e First the power is swept from maximum to minimum until the LRU499 noise level is hit e Then the program will ask you to remove the 20dB attenuator at the Tx connector Again the modulator voltage is swept from max to min while the corresponding power level is measured The resulting maximum and minimum power are indicated in the Output Power section The slider allows you to set the output power i e in case you want to check the power level with a spectrum analyser An error is indicated in case the max output power is below the specified minimum and in case the dynamic range is not sufficient lt 60 dB for the frequency range 800 1500 MHz lt 50 dB for frequencies above 1500MHz When the modulator sweep is done the selftest sequence is ended When the selftest sequence has ended it is possible to view the YIG filter attenuation vs frequency 7 by clicking the View Filter UE b
149. y the targets in the inventory tool or not while running the scenario by selecting deselecting the PPI button can t be changed while running 6 Run the scenario using the Pray E button and stop the generation using the Stop button or pause it using the Pause button 7 To select another scenario one can use the Load scenario button again or select a previous used scenario by clicking on Current scenario IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 87 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 10 Primary TARGET INJECTION 10 1 Theory The RFA641 will use a number of trigger signals from the radar to generate a simulated target on RF The TX output of the RFA641 shall be connected to the Radar Under Test RUT using a coupler or circulator connected in the reception path of the radar The RFA641 shall generate a square pulse shaped return with a fixed power depending on the target range and width The pulse is created independently from the transmission pulse so no correlation e g in Doppler speed between the transmitted pulse and the reception pulse may be expected Therefore this target injection tool is limited to radars without Doppler processing although due to the uncorrelated local oscillator of the target generator the targets generated should pass the Doppler filter banks of such radars 10 1 1 Calculation of External Attenuation Please bear in mind to use sufficient attenuation between the radar
150. you click the Return button without having converted the file the program will warn and ask again if a pulse conversion must be executed 2 Now the pulses in the file are read and displayed with a fixed time frame length in the View RFA Pulses window The length of the time frame can be selected using the Time control which is limited to a maximum of 30s to limit memory size The Index slider will select one of the frames to be displayed if the frame slider is set at O and the Time control at 5 seconds the data between t 0 and t 5 seconds will be shown When positioned at 1 the frame between 5 and 10 seconds is shown etc Depending on whether the data is a PSR or SSR recording the graphs content will look a little different If the SSR PSR switch is set to PSR a single curve can be recognized as in figure 20 if the switch is set to SSR you will recognize P1 P2 and P3 as in figure 21 IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_pl odt 29 110 Radar Field Analyser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 dBm PSR REFL ant fh Pulse H EN PSR 40 0 gt iiia o A AY ears z 7 Ed a AC dTM Mi A B NS FS Ch Zi W Wi Te 600Ri nt S AEN ties t 2 2 lt d LEE r St e ee VE p t May ett E S eth A E GE 70 0 ttn o Aa wt D gt 3 3 3 80 0 tr 1 1 I 1 i 1 1 l 0 000 e DP 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4500 5 000 as oy QF S zech i rt ali xi cope C Scope KL Letz Jao 4E lt 7 kel
151. yser RFA641 Edition Date 26 Nov 09 4 6 View Rx Calibration 4 6 1 Theory A universal tool is available to display and print out to a printer or a report the measured Rx Calibration Rx Bandwidth or STC measurement results Depending on the file type selected the frontpanel layout of the tool will change to display the correct items 4 6 2 Getting Started The View Receiver Calibration software is loaded from the RASS S Toolbox using the Rx button in the list the software is called View Cal BW STC Logfiles View Rx Calibration vi File Edit operate Tools Window Help zen Jo 4095 7 dem 20 96 vy OLE O Dx 0 00 de St er stlech Comment 991 7 _ Css OL 18 d Slope vi dB 999 4 dem as 40 OCB Output Du Rx Calibration Curve 15 07 90 0 1 1 1 H 1 H 1 1 1 1 ma 980 0 1000 0 1020 0 1040 0 1060 0 1080 0 1100 0 1120 0 1140 0 1160 0 1180 0 Ips Ey A F Input power God UD o GEZ Unfiltered J v lt Figure 61 View Receiver Calibration software 4 6 3 Software 1 Click the Load lait button to select a receiver measurement file This can either be a Rx Calibration Rx Bandwidth or STC measurement result file Depending on the selected radar type the dialog will by default point to the CALIB subdirectory of the M SSR or PSR directory of the active campaign folder IE UM 00165 001 RFA641 User Manual_

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