CSTR - Bioprocess Control
Contents
1. 2 1 CSTR 2G 2 l glass digester BOX CONTENT Disclaimer The delivery checklist for CSTR 2G below is valid only when the order is placed for the BioReactor Simulator BRS together with sample incubation unit with six 2 litre reactors If the order is made for another product where a different number of CSTR 2G is used the quantities in the list below will be according to that order If the order is made for a CSTR 2G glass bottle kit alone the Bioreactor Agitation Systems i e Brush DC motor driven agitators or Multifunction Brushless DC motor driven agitators are not included Two different bioreactor agitation systems are available from Bioprocess Control 1 an initial configuration in left picture based on standard brush DC motors with a gearbox and ii a multifunction version in right picture based on a unique design of brushless DC stepper motors CSTR 2G glass bottle kit 6 glass bottles with 3 ports 2 reactors 6 glass feeding funnels 6 bent glass discharging tubes 24 plastic screw caps 18 with and 6 without holes 18 silicone sealing rings 6 helical couplings tool Allen key 2 5 mm Brush DC motor driven agitators 6 plastic caps with agitators motors 1 motor module 1 long motor cable for connecting the detection unit to the first motor 12 short motor cables for connecting all 6 agitators in serial 1 power adapter for the motor module 6 rubber stoppers with 2 metal tubes 1 plastic tube and rotat2. Fill the reactor with inoculum and substrate in the proportions needed for the experiment Lubricate rubber stoppers on the side that is in contact with the glass bottle preferably with silicone spray or silicone stick Place the rubber stopper with two metal tubes and a stirrer in the opening of each bottle and press the rubber part in order to close the bottle Avoid pressing the metallic rod as this will lead to separation of the white plastic cap from the bottom of the stirring rod and allow gas or liquid leakage from the reactor First picture from the left above Pull out the metallic rod from the bent stirrer into the helical coupling and attach it Second picture from the left Place the plastic screw thread cap motor support over it and screw until the thread on the bottle is no longer visible and the lid is properly sealed Third picture from left above Refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual for more details on the motor units Connect the bent stir rod to the motor by carefully tightening the two screws on the helical coupling Make sure that the helical coupling is not touching the plastic motor support or the metallic screws holding the motor in place to avoid friction from the movement of the helical coupling Put each reactor in a thermostatic water bath fitted with the 6 hole lid after preparing it to this stage Cut 6 pieces of Tygon tubing of sufficient length to connect one of the small metal t
3. Some of the equipment mentioned below is listed in chapter 3 as it may not be included in the CSTR delivery package 8 4 1 CSTR 2G 1 Close the tubing clip 8 to the detection unit 2 Hold a container under the opening of the bent glass pipe See picture in chapter 6 1 3 Add feedstock through the feeding funnel If it does not sink into the reactor by itself it can help to tap the silicone stopper into the funnel opening to gently force it down 4 Make sure that the amount of slurry that comes out equals the amount of feedstock that was added If the glass pipe is clogged insert a syringe into the tubing that is attached to the pipe and use suction to clear it A cable tie can be inserted to help unclogging 5 Open the tubing clip to the detection unit 8 so gas registration can continue 8 4 2 CSTR 5G 1 Close the tubing clip 8 to the detection unit 2 Add feedstock through the feeding funnel 1 It may be necessary to alternate between this step and step 3 to equal the pressure in the tank so the feedstock can enter properly through the funnel tube into the reactor contents 3 Discharging can be done in two ways The first one is the safest since it does not risk emptying the reactor by accident a Attach a piece of tubing to the liquid feeding port and then insert a syringe and extract it by suction b Hold a container under the tube attached to the emptying port 5 and open the valve slowly 4 Make sure that
4. output 16 7 CSTR TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 7 1 CSTR configurations CSTR 2G CSTR 5G CSTR 5S CSTR 10S Reactor type CSTR CSTR CSTR CSTR Volume 21 51 51 101 Wall jacket volume NA 2 71 0 71 11 Materials High quality High quality High quality stainless steel glass glass and AISI 316 stainless steel AISI 316 Mixing Mechanical Mechanical agitation agitation Temperature control External Dimension 26x 13mm 38x 24mm 74 5 x 28 5 TIS x 32 5 without mm mm HxW motor 45x 13 mm with motor Weight 1 3 kg 7 8 kg 12 8 kg 16 5 kg Heating control is performed using a thermostatic water bath where the 2 litre reactors are placed It is supplied by BPC together with a stabilizing and evaporation minimizing lid with 6 circular openings for reactors A gitators motors can be provided with CSTR 2G upon request 7 2 Raw materials of the CSTR parts a NG600WH plastic is moulded from glass reinforced Nylon USP b EPDM rubber is ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber c AISI316 is an acid proof stainless steel material with a high resistance to corrosion and heat d Borosilicate glass is a type of glass which is less sensitive to thermal shock e PTFE and FEP is polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene respectively a material known as Teflon For more details on the materials please check chapter 10 5 for 17 7 3 Tri clamps and gas
5. 5G Inquiries about parts that are not listed below can be addressed to your local distributor directly to Bioprocess Control or trough our web site www bioprocesscontrol com The main spare parts for these digesters are presented in the tables following below CSTR 2G No Description Size Material Qty Placed mm 1 Feeding funnel ID OD Glass 1 Small port 10 12 2 Feeding funnel ID OD Glass 1 Small port 16 19 3 Bent glass pipe ID OD Glass l Small port 10 12 4 Bent glass pipe ID OD Glass l Small port 16 19 5 Screw cap with ID 15 Plastic 3 Small port hole GL25 6 Screw cap with ID 20 Plastic 3 Small port hole GL32 7 Screw cap N A Plastic 1 Small port GL25 9 Silicone ring ID 12 Silicone 3 Small port gasket GL25 10 Silicone ring ID 18 Silicone 3 Small port gasket GL32 11 Silicone stopper Bottom Silicone l Feeding funnel diameter 38 31 CSTR 5G No Description Size mm Material Qty Placed 1 Quick release 150 Stainless steel 1 Lid clamp 2 O ring 150 FEP Silicone 1 Lid 3 Tri clamp gasket 38 EPDM rubber 1 Feeding 4 Tri clamp gasket 12 EPDM rubber 1 Extra port 5 Shaft gasket 8 EPDM rubber 3 Stirrer 6 Shaft coupling Stainless steel l Stirrer 7 Shaft 500 Stainless steel 1 On motor via coupling 8 Propeller 76 7 9 Stainless steel 1 Stirrer 3 5 16
6. Output voltage Ripple voltage Output current Dimensions Weight Features LCD display amp fine adjustment for voltage and current Protection mode current limiting Output connectors IEC1010 Fuse protected MULTIFUNCTION BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR The multifunction brushless DC motor has a control panel with different settings shown in the picture and legend below 15 1 Auto ON OFF This switch is used to control the direction during the rotation of the mixers i e singe or bidirectional rotations 2 Timer 0 9 The timer dial can be set to 10 different intervals which refer to the rotary switch delays Below are the intervals for each setting D 5s 15s 30s 45s 60 s 1 min 120 s 2 min 300 s 5 min 600 s 10 min ojl yI AN Aal A oS N e 1800 s 30 min 9 3600 s 60 min 3 Speed The rotation speed control dial shows the speed in percentage where 100 equals full rotation speed of 300 RPM 5 100 of full rotation equals 15 300 RPM in a linear relation 4 Signal INT EXT When signal is set to EXT the motor can be controlled from an external signal e g the BRS detection unit INT means that the motor speed can be controlled manually with the adjustment knob 5 CTRL This is an analogue signal input port where an external control signal can be connected 6 Power supply Power supply inlet Peak current 3 128 A
7. siarsassecusniu tert ineansd soonstionsagnald andecrabenoneht nagar incaleatadedenanedsbindedpedbione 14 6 4 9 1 Motors amp stirrers for CSTR 2G occ ceeceeeesseesseeeseceseceseceeeesseecaeecsecseceseeeaeeeaeesneeens 14 6 4 9 2 Motors and stirrers for CSTR 5G CSTR 5S and CSTR 108 eeceeeeceeseeeeeeeeeees 14 7 CSTR TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS essoesoessescosscocssessossosssessossosssessossosssessossooe 17 deh A CSIR COMI SUTAN S eiiie ae A R E veges eases E E EES 17 7 2 Raw materials of the CSTR parts s ssesesesessseesseessensseeeseeessseesseessersseeesseeesseessresseeesees 17 Lax Frieclaiips and Casket Si S issie oota sien E a E nae Ei Rt 18 7 4 Dimensions of the ports on all CSTR digesters 2 0 0 cceeccecesseecseeeceseeeesteceenteeeenaeeees 19 3 OPERATION sieis soseri teess ossosa aaea oaeoi ee tasa ae sonou sietos eSis trine 20 8 1 First assembly of the CSTR digester ssnneseeeseeeesseessessseesseersreesseessersseessseessseesseesse 20 8 11 FIRST ASSEMBLY OFCSTRE2G erti oR A E E E yn cteiates 20 8 12 FIRST ASSEMBL WOR CSTR JG Zeri e n E A N E E ON AR E RE 21 8 1 3 FIRST ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S o ceccecccsssssseseseseseeeeeeesescsccceeseneeeeeesenenenens 21 9 2 Before statt Upeniece een n A E E E E ans RAE E E rE ewe 22 Tabh CSTR ne E E A E E E e a E eka ae agave 22 8 22 CSTR5G CSTR S AND CSTR 108 o acre baka O R A Ta 23 8 3 SEALE UP xs i e tens Stapaca ea a E a Gans cela A E A EE E a aeemeee 24 TAI C
8. the amount of slurry that comes out equals the amount of feedstock that was added 5 Open the tubing clip to the detection unit 8 so gas registration can continue 25 8 4 3 CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S The stainless steel reactors have a separate discharging port with an automatic level control which helps balancing the amount of substrate that is added and discharged Close the tubing clip 8 to the detection unit Hold a container under the opening of the discharging tube and open the valve 3 Add substrate to the reactor If any clogging has developed in the discharging tube use a syringe to create suction in the tube piece that has been connected to the end of the discharging tube or try to insert something like a cable tie to clear out the clogging Leave the valve open until no more slurry stops coming comes out It The discharged amount should roughly should equal the amount that was fed to the reactor 5 Open the tubing clip to the detection unit 8 so the gas registration can continue ae ee oo a 8 4 4 DISCHARGING BY USING A GAS BAG The 5 and 10 reactors can be set up with a gas bag according to the picture below In one version of the steel configuration the extra port on the lid can be used instead of a T connector as shown below At the start of the experiment the gas bag can be filled by letting the bag be expanded by gas generated from the start of the experiment which takes 1 2 days It can also be manually f
9. the reactor 10 Unscrew the bolt from the sampling port 11 If there are any tri clamps around the tubes located at the bottom of the reactor remove them with their tubes and gaskets Note there is one version of the CSTR where the emptying and discharge tubes are fixed to the tank and cannot be removed 29 10 2 Cleaning the reactor The motor should be protected from water even though it is water resistant according to IP class Be careful when cleaning the stirring rod The bent stir rod for the CSTR 2G reactor should be detached from the motor coupler before washing The glass and stainless steel parts of the reactor can be cleaned with regular washing liquid Remember to leave the ball valves on the emptying and discharging ports in the on open position when cleaning them 10 3 Assembly instructions after cleaning and repair Always unplug the power supply from the motor before assembling or disassembling any parts of the CSTR tank 10 3 1 ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 2G 1 Put the reactor on a stable surface 2 Puta screw cap on the bent glass pipe and then a silicone gasket with the hard plastic side towards the screw cap See the picture in chapter 8 1 1 Then insert the glass pipe and screw the cap tight onto one of the 3 small openings Repeat step 2 above on the glass feeding funnel 4 Puta screw cap on the third small opening If you want to attach a sensor T pH etc attach a cap with a hole in the top and a sil
10. tubing for connecting the gas outlet to the gas detection unit o Tubes for discharging pipes e Suitable tube clamps and valves e Long thin bendable tool i e plastic strips or cable ties e Syringe 100 ml e Gas bag 4 QUALITY RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS e The product guarantee provided corresponds to the guarantee stipulated on the confirmed product order form and shipping documentation e Only the parts delivered with the product can be used in the system in order to guarantee the quality and performance of the product e BPC reserves the right to correct any possible text and image errors as well as changes to technical data in this manual 4 1 Before getting started e Read this manual and additional separate manuals for the individual instruments before installing and using the equipment E g BioReactor Simulator Flow And Bioreactor Agitation Systems manuals e Keep the instruction manual for future reference and make sure it is easily available for people who regularly use the CSTR digesters 5 SAFETY NOTES AND CONSIDERATIONS The CSTR Bioreactors should be used in an indoor environment with good ventilation since the content inside them may generate very high volumes of toxic or slightly aggressive gases The gas outlet on the reactor must always be placed in a fume hood or be connected to a gas bag Always wear protective clothing glasses and gloves when handling bio waste and inoculum A digestion process produces exp
11. 10 12 ID OD 10 12 Emptying amp ID OD ID OD 12 15 ID OD ID OD discharging 12 15 or 16 18 13 5 16 6 13 5 16 6 or 15 3 18 6 or 15 3 18 6 When tubing is attached to the ports on the reactors it is important that it has an airtight fit to maintain anaerobic conditions in the reactor during the experiment A suggestion is that the tubing should have an inner diameter ID which is 2 mm smaller than the outer diameter OD of the port it will be attached to e g the liquid feeding port for the CSTR 5S has an OD of 12 mm which means that the tubing should have an ID of 10 mm Tygon tubing must be used on the gas outlet ports but the other ports can use any type of silicone tubing used for laboratory purposes 19 8 OPERATION 8 1 First assembly of the CSTR digester All 5 and 10 reactors are delivered partly assembled so final assembly will be easy The main lid is placed on the tank with a gasket in between and then sealed by a tri clamp hinge Be careful when inserting the propellers into the tank and check that they do not hit the discharging tube or come too close to it when the main lid is closed The CSTR 2G 2 glass reactors differ most from the others in design and how to assemble 8 1 1 FIRST ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 2G Put the reactor bottle on a stable surface Put a screw cap on the bent glass pipe and then add a silicone gasket with the hard plastic side towards the screw cap It is recommen
12. CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Operation and Maintenance Manual CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Version 2 0 December 2014 Any questions related to this Operation and Maintenance manual should be directed to Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Scheelev gen 22 SE 223 63 Lund Sweden Tel 46 0 46 163950 Fax 46 0 46 163959 E mail support bioprocesscontrol com Web www bioprocesscontrol com This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright All rights are reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever or translated into any language without the prior written permission of Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Copyright 2014 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Produced in Sweden TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PREFACE ciisiscccsadicncnissivscecdssstonssscssedsetaseessessoccsouosessuys ees aaas eissa siais sei a ES Eis Ses a isa 1 1 1 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB ssssssssssesssesessseesseessrrsseesseeessseesseesseesseessseeesseesseesseessees 1 1 2 Reactors for continuous fermentation tests e cc eeececeeeeeceeececeeeeeceteceeseeeesseeeenaeeeeaes 2 2 DELIVERY CHECKS jissssssccasvessoosceossucnonssgnnsgssepecessssnssaccssseensoaspoccnsdpudsscssgestecssosoosssoaraeses 3 2 1 CSTR 2G 2 1 glass Gigester sinnir sucdecaasusdueesaneccessscescanesecdacseancdeaeantocdets 3 22r CSTR 3G 5 1 class digester i roei EAE Ea EE A A E EE OSAS 4 2 3 CSTR S5S and CSTR 10S 5 a
13. CSTR 5S No Description Size mm Material Qty Placed 1 Tri clamp hinge 150 NG600WH plastic 1 Lid 2 Tri clamp gasket 150 EPDM rubber 1 Lid 3 Tri clamp gasket 51 EPDM rubber 2 Sight glass 4 Tri clamp gasket 38 EPDM rubber 2 Feeding up and down 5 Tri clamp gasket 25 EPDM rubber 1 Motor 6 Tri clamp gasket 12 EPDM rubber l Extra port 7 Tri clamp sight 51 AISI316 stainless l Reactor cylinder glass steel Borosilicate glass 8 Ball valve 9 5 3 8 ASI316 PTFE 2 Discharge Emptying port 9 Shaft gasket 8 EPDM rubber 3 Stirrer 10 Shaft coupling Stainless steel 1 Between motor and shaft 11 Shaft 500 Stainless steel 1 On motor via coupling 12 Propeller 76 7 9 Stainless steel l Stirrer 3 5 16 32 CSTR 10S No Description Size mm Material Qty Placed 1 Tri clamp hinge 200 NG800WH plastic 1 Lid 2 Tri clamp gasket 200 EPDM rubber 1 Lid 3 Tri clamp gasket 51 EPDM rubber 3 Sight glass Feeding up 4 Tri clamp gasket 38 EPDM rubber 1 Feeding down 5 Tri clamp gasket 25 EPDM rubber 1 Motor 6 Tri clamp gasket 12 EPDM rubber l Extra port 7 Tri clamp 51 AISI316 stainless l Sight glass sightglass steel Borosilicate glass 8 Ball valve 9 5 3 8 ASI316 PTFE 2 Discharge Emptying port 9 Shaft gasket 8 EPDM rubber 3 Stirrer 10 Shaft coupling Stainless steel 1 Between motor and shaft 11 Shaft 600 Stainless steel l On motor via coupling 12 Propeller 76 7 9 Stainless steel l Stir
14. STR 2O erein a E ca cele AEE OEE 24 83 2 CSTR 5G CSTR SS AND CSTR 10S a i A A E a 24 OS Feeding and discharging cc cucaics decay legacy co utinaddavseoayedenesaaseraayetetaten davedereeaeeaedses acvetoanes 25 Rl CSTR AG ierse a E E ET E e e 25 BAD CSTR DG eein eea a a a A E E A Aas 25 8 43 CSTR 3S AND CSTR 1OS aei ua e K A A E dacouseguasorvagavevstecsesesscentheedeesveedas 26 8 4 4 DISCHARGING BY USING A GAS BAG oy s csicassscooutes cons incdeatssosenoycsadvayendasesoidaescapaededuencarbacees 26 BAS AVTOMATICFEEDING oi nira E E E E AER 27 8 5 Monitoring amp troubleshooting s sssessssssesssesessseesstessersseesseressteessresseesseessseessseesseesse 27 9 END OE OPERA DION sicccscicsasessoeshctasecsssasescensanesseocesssnastonscee cvasecneeconteceseadsnsavcoscesvesesasoans 27 10 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS scsscessscesessssesceossossesdvesseceseonceveodssesacessoodssonssssonsosesees 28 10 1 Disassembly instructions for cleaning and repair ec eeeeeeeseceesseceeeteeeenteeeenseeees 28 10 1 1 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 2G ainan n enan E N ONE R emanate 28 10 1 2 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5G ssssseeseestessestestesstsresststetessestestesstrestretstsstressesseetessen tet 28 10 1 3 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S sssesssesssessessserssesseesssrssersreeseesseessseessressrese 29 102 Cleaning the TCActor a a a e ara dt sera te 29 10 3 Assembly instructions after cleaning and repair ssesssessseeeesseessresseesseessee
15. STR 5S AND CSTR 10S Put the reactor tank on a stable surface and adjust the feet if necessary Attach the emptying and discharging pipes if the reactor was shipped with these ports removed valid only for the versions with detachable ports Put the large gasket on the rim around the opening of the reactor Before inserting the stirrer and feeding tubes into the reactor look inside the tank to note the discharging pipe that runs close to the inside wall The propeller blades and the feeding tubes must be placed so they cannot touch that tube Take care to ensure that the gasket seals properly and is not in the wrong position Close the main lid by attaching the plastic tri clamp hinge around it Remove the protection film from the viewing porthole windows 21 8 2 Before start up 8 2 1 10 11 12 13 CSTR 2G i 4 i i AN by A A NI f M Ni A Use protective clothing gloves and glasses when handling bio waste and inoculum Place the reactor on a stable and horizontal surface in an environment with good ventilation See chapter 8 1 1 for reactor preparations before starting the experiment Cut 6 pieces of tubing of a dimension that fits the size of the bent glass pipe and attach them to the end of the pipe Close the tube with a clamp or a valve This will be helpful during the discharging procedure Described in chapter 8 4 If needed attach a sensor T pH etc to the sampling port
16. and the longer tube with two U bends should be fastened at the outlet to the side of the reactor bottom Put the viewing port gaskets and windows back on the sides of the reactor and fasten with the tri clamps If the propellers and motor have been detached from the main lid put the gasket on the motor holder and insert the stirrer Then fasten with a tri clamp Put the propellers back on the stirrer and fasten them with the Allen key 2 5 mm The top propeller should be placed about half way down the stirrer Put the main lid gasket on the rim of the tank Before inserting the stirrer and feeding tubes into the reactor look inside the tank to note the pipe that runs close to the inside wall See picture in section 6 4 7 The stirrer and the feeding tubes must be placed so they cannot touch that tube Fasten the main lid by attaching the tri clamp hinge around it Put the gasket on the feeding funnel hole on the main lid and insert the feeding funnel Fasten with a tri clamp 10 4 Maintenance checks Keep the reactors clean when they are not in use Make sure that the gaskets and ball valves are intact Refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual for the agitators for the CSTR 2G 30 10 5 Spare parts for CSTR CSTR offered by Bioprocess Control are fabricated from stainless steel S or glass G and are available in three size options 2 5 and 10 1 and 3 different configurations e CSTR 5S e CSTR 10S e CSTR
17. ation tests are laboratory scale methods subject to large variations not only due to the heterogeneous nature of bio wastes and bacteria culture used but also due to differences in experiment setup and non unified test protocols For example reactor configuration instrumentation and operational modes can all differ from one laboratory to another In addition the presentation of the results is often not standardised which makes comparability between two tests very difficult Furthermore the execution of a fermentation test in continuous mode is often a complex and very labour intensive and time consuming procedure spanning a considerable period of time The CSTR bioreactors available at BPC are designed as gas tight reactors that allow for a high liquid and gas mass transfer as well as for different mixing regimes and mixing intensities at controlled temperature They can be connected to any type of gas flow measuring device such as Bioreactor Simulator BRS Flow etc 2 DELIVERY CHECKS At delivery unpack and check that the contents match the lists in the Box Content section Chapter 6 Equipment Description shows pictures of the included parts If the packaging or the equipment is broken at delivery please 1 Document and take photos of the parts and packaging 2 Inform the transport company at delivery 3 Make sure that the transport company documents the incident 4 Inform your local distributor or BPC of the incident
18. ded to use the openings that are at angle of 180 from each other to have some distance between the feeding and the discharging tubes See picture above Insert the long straight side of the glass pipe into one of the openings shown in the picture to the above left Push it gently as far down as possible into the digester and make sure it is parallel to the side of the reactor sidewall Screw the cap tight onto the reactor Repeat step 2 above on the glass feeding funnel Insert the pipe as far down as possible Close the third small opening by attaching a screw cap or attach a sensor T pH etc by using a screw cap with a hole The picture above shows the reactor with a motor unit attached Please refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual for details about the motor unit 20 8 1 2 8 1 3 0S Nn FIRST ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5G Put the reactor tank on a stable surface Put the large gasket on the rim around the opening of the reactor Gently work the stirrer and the feeding tubes into the opening of the reactor until the main lid rests on the gasket on top of the reactor rim Take care to ensure that the gasket seals properly and is not in the wrong position Fasten the main lid with the tri clamp hinge Put the screw cap on the emptying port Insert the tube nipples into the screw caps with holes and put them on the two ports 3 amp 4 which lead in and out of the reactor wall jacket FIRST ASSEMBLY OF C
19. ding funnel from the main lid Remove the tri clamp hinge from the main lid Lift the main lid and be careful when pulling the stirrer out of the tank Place the main lid with the stirrer still attached on a horizontal surface The propellers can be removed with an Allen key 2 5 mm that is delivered with the CSTR Remove the tri clamp that attaches the motor shaft to the main lid When the propellers have been removed pull out the stirrer and remove the gasket from the motor holder Remove the main lid gasket Remove the screw caps and tube nipples from the emptying port and the wall jacket ports 28 10 1 3 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S 1 Turn off the motors 2 Remove any tubing that is attached to the reactor 3 Remove lids tube nipples and gaskets from the feeding ports and remove the large feeding funnel from its holder on the main lid 4 Remove the tri clamp hinge from the main lid 5 Lift the main lid and be careful when pulling the stirrer out of the tank Place the main lid with the stirrer still attached on a horizontal surface The propellers can be removed with the Allen key 2 5 mm that is delivered with the CSTR 6 Remove the tri clamp that holds the motor shaft to the main lid 7 When the propellers have been removed pull out the stirrer and remove the gasket from the motor holder Remove the main lid gasket 9 Remove the tri clamps windows and gaskets from the viewing ports on the sides of
20. enough flow rate 20 30 I min 6 4 2 FEEDING PORT The CSTR Bioreactors have feeding ports in two different sizes The large one 1 makes it easy for solid feedstock to reach down below the surface of the reactor contents Liquids can be fed through the smaller port 9 either manually with the help of a syringe or automatically by a pump 6 4 3 GAS OUTLET The gas outlet 2 is designed to have a narrow and gas tight tube such as Tygon attached to it in order to lead the gas into a bag or through a detection unit 6 4 4 SAMPLING PORT Through the universal sampling port 6 it is possible to take samples for off line analysis of parameters such as temperature T and pH A plastic adapter pictured below can be used for inserting a pH sensor for on line monitoring This plastic adaptor can be supplied upon request 6 4 5 VIEWING PORT WINDOW The stainless steel versions have two viewing ports on opposite sides where foam formation can be detected during the digestion process Make sure to remove the protective film To get a clear view inside the tank shine a lamp through the back window while inspecting through the front window 12 6 4 6 BALL VALVES FOR DISCHARGING AND EMPTYING The ports for emptying 5a and discharging 5b the stainless steel tanks are easily opened and closed using ball valves ON means that the valve is open and OFF means that it is closed See picture below of the discharging port ba
21. et on the rim of the reactor and carefully insert the stirrer and feeding tubes into the tank Close the main lid and fasten the tri clamp hinge See chapter 7 4 for suggestions on gas outlet set up Cut Tygon tubing long enough to reach from the gas outlet on the reactor to the detection unit or to fit a set up where a T connection is used to connect both a detection unit and a gas bag Close it with a tube stopper Attach the Tygon tubing on the gas outlet and close the tubing with a clip Check that the sampling port is closed by a sealing bolt or the plastic adapter with a sensor T pH etc Connect tubes to the in and outlet ports to the wall jacket and prepare the recirculating water bath Add tubing to the discharging ports to help during the discharging procedure described in chapter 8 4 e CSTR 5S or CSTR 10S Connect a piece of tubing to the end of the discharging tube e CSTR 5G This type of reactor can either be discharged by using suction created by holding a syringe to the liquid feeding port or by connecting a piece of tubing to the emptying port by a tube nipple and a screw cap with a hole If the latter method is chosen it is important to close the tube with a valve and to place the reactor close enough to the edge of a bench so discharging can be done into a jar placed at a level lower than the tank Check that all feeding ports are covered by a lid or are connected to a tube if a feeding pump is used but d
22. icone gasket the same way as described in step 2 5 Repeat the steps in chapter 8 2 1 to assemble the reactor completely before start up 0S 29 10 3 2 ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5G l 2 3 90 Put the reactor tank on a stable surface Put the screw cap on the emptying port Insert the tube nipples into the screw caps with holes and put them on the two ports that lead in and out of the wall jacket Put the large gasket on the rim around the opening of the reactor Ifthe propellers and the motors have been detached from the main lid put a gasket on the motor holder and then insert the stirrer Fasten the motor with a tri clamp Attach the propellers to the stirrer using the Allen key 2 5 mm The top propeller should be placed about half way down the stirrer Gently work the stirrer and pipes into the opening of the reactor until the main lid rests on the gasket on top of the reactor Attach the tri clamp around the edge of the main lid and adjust it if needed Put a gasket on the feeding funnel hole and insert the feeding funnel Fasten with a tri clamp 10 Put a gasket on the small feeding port and add a tube nipple Fasten with a tri clamp 10 3 3 ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S l If you have a CSTR with removable ports for discharging and emptying attach the gaskets and tubes and fasten them by the tube clamps The shortest L shaped tube should be attached to the outlet at the centre of the reactor bottom
23. illed with a standard gas The bag will provide a gas buffer which can balance any negative pressure in the tank during discharging It can also be pushed as a way to apply force during discharging in case any clogging needs to be cleared The tube clamp at the gas bag 9 is optional 7 Detection unit 1 Feeding port submerged in the liquid 6 Gas bag 9 EN X 5 Sampling port for pH T measurements 2 Outlet for gas 3 Discharging port 4 Emptying port 26 8 4 5 AUTOMATIC FEEDING When automatic feeding is used a pump will push the feedstock into the reactor and discharging can be done at a separate time in the way described in the previous sections of this chapter If the stainless steel reactors are used the automatic slurry level function can be used by leaving the ball valve on the discharging port open However the reactor still needs to be monitored regularly to limit clogging problems When an automatic feeding routine is used the tube connecting the reactor to the detection unit must be left open at all times 8 5 Monitoring amp troubleshooting If discharging is difficult clogging may the problem Attaching a tube to the discharging port and inserting a syringe to create suction can help removing the problem The set up with a gas bag described in chapter 8 4 4 can also be helpful if clogging occurs With the steel reactor configuration the emptying p
24. ing shaft for mixing 6 plastic tubing clamps Multifunction brushless DC motor driven agitators 6 plastic caps with agitators motors 1 Master Control Unit MCU Box 1 long signal cable 5 short motor cables for connecting all 6 agitators in serial 1 power adapter 6 rubber stoppers with 2 metal tubes 1 plastic tube and rotating shaft for mixing 6 plastic tubing clamps 6 helical couplings 1 tool Allen key 2 2 CSTR 5G 5 glass digester BOX CONTENT 1 glass reactor 1 main lid assembly with motor and feeding funnel 1 metal tri clamp hinge 1 gasket for the tri clamp hinge 2 plastic screw caps with a hole 2 plastic tube nipples 1 plastic screw cap 1 tubing nipple for emptying amp discharging port Optional parts 1 tool Allen key 2 3 CSTR 5S and CSTR 10S 5 and 10 I stainless steel digesters BOX CONTENT 1 steel reactor 1 main lid assembly with motor and feeding funnel 1 plastic tri clamp hinge 1 gasket for the tri clamp hinge 1 tube nipple ID OD 10 12 mm 1 tube nipple ID OD 4 6 mm for the CSTR 5S version with 4 ports on the main lid Optional parts 1 Allen key 3 PRE COMMISSIONING The following items are not delivered with the CSTR digesters however they will may be required for operating them e A recirculating water bath as a heating cooling source for the CSTR with a wall jacket configuration e Tubing o Silicon tubing for connecting the recirculating water bath to the wall jacket o Tygon
25. ket sizes A tri clamp connection consists of two ferrules joined by a clamp with a gasket Tri clamp size was determined by the outside diameter of the pipe NOT the outside diameter of the ferrule See picture below for a schematic representation of a tri clamp connection U Ferrule i Clamp O Gasket T Ferrule The ferrule i e the metal ring put around the pipe is about 12 7 mm 1 2 larger than the tri clamp size In the picture below A represents the internal diameter ID of the metallic pipe and B is the outer diameter OD of the ferrule 18 Tri clamp and gasket sizes mm Usage Tri clamp size Pipe ID Ferrule OD A B Liquid feeding port 12 95 25 1 Emptying amp discharging ports on the 25 20 34 version of CSTR 5S and CSTR 10S where the ports are detachable e Feeding funnel lid for 5 1 reactors 38 34 9 50 5 e Feeding funnel holder e Motor holder e Feeding funnel lid for 10 reactors 51 46 6 64 0 e Viewing port holes Plastic hinge clamp for CSTR 5S 150 149 2 166 1 Plastic hinge clamp for CSTR 10S 200 200 0 217 5 Tn picture above 7 4 Dimensions of the ports on all CSTR digesters Ports CSTR 2G CSTR 5G CSTR 5S CSTR 10S mm Feeding funnel ID OD 12 15 ID 22 ID 22 ID 22 or 16 19 Liquid feeding NA ID OD 10 12 ID OD 10 12 ID OD 10 12 Gas outlet ID OD 3 4 ID OD 4 6 ID OD 4 6 ID OD 4 6 Wall jacket NA ID OD 8 10 ID OD
26. ll valve 6 4 7 SELF DISCHARGING PORT amp AUTO SLURRY CONTROL The stainless steel configuration offers an automatic slurry level control On the inside of the reactor the discharging tube reaches up along the side of the tank to drain any slurry that reaches above its rim see picture below A 4 6 4 8 ADJUSTABLE FEET The stainless steel configuration has adjustable feet which make it easy to stabilize and level the reactor 13 6 4 9 MOTORS amp STIRRERS 6 4 9 1 Motors amp stirrers for CSTR 2G Two different bioreactor agitation systems for CSTR 2G are available from Bioprocess Control 1 an initial configuration in left picture based on standard brush DC motors with a gearbox and 11 a multifunction version in right picture based on a unique design of brushless DC stepper motors For full specifications and description please refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems Manual i 6 4 9 2 Motors and stirrers for CSTR 5G CSTR 5S and CSTR 10S There are two motor versions available for the 5 1 and 10 1 reactors a Brush DC Motor and a Multifunction brushless DC motor Descriptions follow below BRUSH DC MOTOR 14 Type of motor Voltage Output power Output torque Output speed Maximum radial load Maximum axial load Weight Length Ambient temperature Diameter Features Speed and mixing intervals controlled by an external power supply Power supply for Brush DC motor technical characteristics
27. losive gas so it is important to check regularly for clogging in the discharging tubes When the reactor is in use the lid on the feeding funnel must never be attached with the tri clamp The lid acts as a potential safety valve in case the pressure in the reactors got too high The power supply must be unplugged from the motor before assembling or disassembling any parts on the CSTR Always be cautious when handling electrical devices close to water When the motor is running its rotating parts could potentially cause damage so make sure to tie back long hair remove loose hanging clothing jewellery or similar before operating the motor The wall jacket construction of the reactors will attain the same temperature as the water circulating inside it Normally the temperature used for experiments is not high enough to cause any damage but be sure to check that the external heating source has the correct temperature settings and is working properly 6 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION DESIGN FUNCTION The CSTR bioreactors offered by Bioprocess Control are available in two configurations glass G and stainless steel S There are three size options 2 5 and 10 1 which are stated in the model names 6 1 CSTR 2G D 0 gt a j d CSTR 2G 6 Glass bottle 7 Motor unit 8 Bent glass pipe 9 Sampling port with plastic cap T pH etc 10 Stirrer The glass feeding funnel 2 the silicone stopper 1 and the bent glas
28. nd 101 stainless steel digesters 0 0 eee eeeseeeseeeeeeee 5 3 PRE COMMISSIONING essesessossesossossessosoesessossesossossesoosossessosoesossossesossossessossesossossesossosse 5 4 QUALITY RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS eessoesoessessossosssessoesosssesooesosssesoossossse 5 4 amp 1 Before getting Started rira e E E E de E R E E 6 5 SAFETY NOTES AND CONSIDERATIONS seeseessescosseessessossosssesoossosssesooesosssessossosese 6 6 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION DESIGN FUNCTION 0 cccscscsccesscssccsssccsccscssessees 7 61 CSTR 2G i E aR E EEE EE E a E RE 7 6 2 CST Red Gesu c ca a heared ee es ae Ge ee aeons ee ee EE ER R te ae 8 6 3 CSTR gt S and CSTR OS vos caliee haa re bets ete hl Bi EE EAT SE PETERE EE E EASE 10 GA J Desisn ftunction Of CSTR eese a E ah Ge A E E E RAEE 12 6 41 WALE JACKET nu enoia a aaa o a e a ase Man iaoi 12 6 42 gt FEEDING POR Tono ugu ar ren E eae E E E E Cette RO ah tea ct E N 12 643 GAS OUT ET reinii a e a erm RE E er RRN 12 644 SAMPLING PORT nomin nian aaa a a a Dida cree d a tah ened 12 64 5 VIEWING PORT WINDOW ceirean a e a aeaa ea Ea ka ea E ia ra aSa 12 6 4 6 BALL VALVES FOR DISCHARGING AND EMPTYING ccsssseseseseseseeseeesencececeecseneeeeeeeeaeneeees 13 6 4 7 SELF DISCHARGING PORT amp AUTO SLURRY CONTROL scsssseseseseseeseseseseseeeeeeseaeeeeeeenens 13 os aime GB Lic bs 815 lt 1 c 2 Lene Rac ER iter erp Tie enn aren erence ere E Ree Eee Mere Ieee 13 6 4 9 MOTORS amp STIRRERS wisi
29. o not use tri clamps to fasten any feeding port lids during the experiment 23 8 3 Start up 8 3 1 l 2 8 3 2 le CSTR 2G If CSTR 2G is used as part of the BioReactor Simulator refer to that manual when starting up the system Refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems Manual for a full description of connecting and starting the Brush DC Agitation System or the Multifunction Brushless DC Agitation System depending on which one of them that is used Always make sure the agitation systems are disconnected from the mains while assembling and connecting them If the Multifunction Brushless DC Agitation System is used it is also recommended to set the switch on each motor unit and on the Motor Controller to OFF before connecting or disconnecting the components of the system CSTR 5G CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S Turn on the recirculating water bath and set the correct temperature Choose motor settings according to description in chapter 6 4 9 Connect the power supply for the motor s If a 5 or 10 1 reactor is used make sure the lid on the feeding funnel is not attached with a tri clamp in order to let accidental over pressure out of the reactor 24 8 4 Feeding and discharging The methods and procedures for feeding and discharging the reactors may vary depending on the reactor configuration and whether they are fed manually or automatically The procedures described below are suggestions which can be used as a starting point
30. obic fermentation processes in a continuous mode of operation The BRS is an ideal instrument and platform for gaining knowledge and experience of the continuous operation of biogas production processes It also serves as the complementary tool to AMPTS which is used for feedstock characterisation and optimisation The system is controlled by a web based software running on an efficient cloud computing solution accessible from any computer or mobile device with an Internet connection As of July 2013 new instruments Biogas Endeavour and uFlow have been offered to the market for on line measurements of ultra low biogas flows produced from the anaerobic digestion of biological degradable substrates The CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors bioreactors are offered in sizes up to 10 1 and are constructed of stainless steel or high quality glass all of them might be potentially used to simulate full scale fermentation processes These bioreactors have been available on the market since 2013 They have several advantages to other similar reactors on the market e The CSTR bioreactors are extremely user friendly and specifically designed with ease of use and maintenance in mind e Their wall jacket configuration allows for independent heating and cooling e The CSTR bioreactors are suitable for both low and high solid content feedstock e The CSTR bioreactors have been designed to be highly flexible for both feeding and process monitoring amp contr
31. ol e The viewing ports allow for visual inspection of foam formation during the fermentation The BPC products are designed in a way that offers maximum flexibility without compromising quality They can be used on their own or connected to each other in a way that best suit the customer needs Taking into consideration the high number of the AMPTS units in use today around the world it is expected that not only BRS Biogas Endeavour Flow but also CSTR will have a similar impact on the biogas industry becoming the technology of choice for universities private labs and biogas operators interested in the laboratory scale simulation of continuously operated full scale biogas digesters 1 2 Reactors for continuous fermentation tests The process of anaerobic degradation is highly complex and dynamic where microbiological bio chemical and physico chemical aspects are closely interrelated For optimisation purposes fermentation tests at laboratory scale are used to determine feedstock characteristics and to simulate continuous operation of biogas reactors In general for broadly designed test programs the combination of batch and continuous methodologies should be used A large number of batch tests running in parallel deliver results on feedstock characteristics whereas a continuous test simulates long process conditions spanning larger time frames In a conventional continuous fermentation test the organic matter is added either in stage
32. ort can be used as an alternative discharging port but it must be opened very slowly to avoid emptying all of the reactor contents Foam formation can be detected through the viewing port Shine a lamp through the back window to get a better view through the front window into the reactor If the windows are smudged they can be briefly removed for cleaning but it will let some oxygen into the reactor so try to be quick Check that the mixing is working properly and adjust the speed or intervals if necessary Refer to the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual for details on the motors e g how the reset button works and how to change the fuse in the Motor Controller 9 END OF OPERATION Always wear protective clothing lab coat glasses and gloves when emptying the reactor The motors on the 5 and 10 reactors are turned off by unplugging the motors from the power mains If the CSTR 2G is used as part of the BRS the motors must first be turned off from the software interface See BRS manual for full description in the Software section The agitation systems for CSTR 2G are turned off in different ways o The Multifunction Brushless DC Agitation System is powered off at the switch on the Motor Controller It is recommended to also unplug the Motor Controller from the mains and to set the switch on each motor unit to the OFF position See Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual for full description o The Brush DC Agitation System is po
33. rer 3 5 16 11 EQUIPMENT DISPOSAL Please dispose of your CSTR equipment according to your local waste and recycling regulations for electromechanical devices regarding the motor and for the materials specified in chapters 6 and 10 5 regarding the reactor tank Keep in mind that it could be your responsibility to decontaminate the equipment from any biological and chemical contamination to protect from health hazards during recycling of the equipment By doing this you will help to conserve natural and environmental resources and you will ensure that your equipment is recycled in a manner that protects human health Thank you 33
34. s or continuously to the reactor The end products are periodically or continuously removed resulting in a constant and predictable production of biogas A single digester or multiple digesters in sequence may be used such as e CSTR Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors e UASB Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blankets EGSB Expanded Granular Sludge Beds e IC Internal Circulation Reactors The objective of the fermentation tests in the defined continuous procedure is to obtain a reliable long term database about the gas yield and its composition and to build up a comprehensive picture regarding the degradation of the organic material the course of fermentation and any problems in the degradation process which may occur In fact results from continuous lab scale fermentation tests have on several occasions been shown to provide a good representation of the full scale operations With the help of continuous fermentation tests it should also be possible to determine how the properties of substrates affect the fermentation process and what process conditions must be put in place in order to achieve an optimal degradation and maximisation of gas yield Continuous fermentation tests thus deliver the first useful information about the capabilities and loading limits of a process which is essential for designing and operating a biogas plant as well as for creating models concerning the economical feasibility of a project Conventional continuous ferment
35. s pipe 8 are shown separately in the pictures below from left to right 6 2 CSTR 5G 6 5 9 2 9 7 CSTR 5G 6 Sampling port T pH etc 7 Tri clamp hinge 9 Liquid feeding port for attaching a suitable tube nipple 10 Motor holder 6 3 CSTR 5S and CSTR 10S The only difference between CSTR 5S and CSTR 10S is their volume and width Both sizes come in two versions One has fixed emptying 5a and discharging 5b ports and 3 ports on the main lid The other version has detachable emptying and discharging ports and 4 ports on the main lid The pictures and legend below show a CSTR 10S 10 ees 5 10 9 CSTR S5S and CSTR 10S 1 Feeding port for high solid content 7 Tri clamp hinge feedstock 2 Gas outlet not visible in the picture 8 Motor 3 Heating cooling water outlet 9 Liquid feeding port continues into a tube on the inside of the main lid have a tube attached on the inside of the lid 11 6 4 Design function of CSTR 6 4 1 WALL JACKET The wall jacket on the CSTR creates a double wall where water can be circulated for heating or cooling By connecting the reactor to an external recirculating water bath equipped with a pump the temperature in the reactor can be controlled throughout the experiment Each CSTR can be heated individually or connected in a series since many recirculating water bath pumps have the capacity to generate a high
36. ssseesseesee 29 EAT ASSEMBLY OECS TR 20 iiieensne eee eea E E e E ne Ee E 29 10 3 2 AASSEMBLY OF CSTR S Grea peed a da sade a a ii dia d e a iea 30 10 3 3 ASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S eeeessesesssssessssrrssesrrsesresssstesssresseseeserresseseessee 30 104 Maintenance CHECKS innar a E ca ee a A eres eae S 30 10 5 Sp ep rts TOC CS LR sons ae A A A ee 31 11 EQUIPMENT DISPOSAL essesesereceesesorseseseccesesoroeseseeceeesoroeseseroeeesororsesecoeeesororsesesoeeesesee 33 1 PREFACE 1 1 Bioprocess Control Sweden AB Bioprocess Control Sweden AB BPC is a privately held company based in Lund Sweden The company is a market leader in the area of advanced control technologies for the commercial biogas industry providing technologies and services that support the efficient design and operation of biogas plants amp processes The company was founded in 2006 bringing to market more than 15 years of leading research in the area of instrumentation control and automation of anaerobic digestion processes At the end of 2009 BPC launched the Automatic Methane Potential Test System AMPTS a revolutionary product in the area of on site lab equipment for methane potential analysis The number of users of AMPTS grew quickly and today there are users in more than 35 countries located in the Americas EMEA and Asia Pacific regions In 2012 BPC launched the BioReactor Simulator BRS an analytical device for the control and monitoring of anaer
37. ubes on top of the rubber lids of each reactor to a detection unit See chapter 8 4 Feeding and discharging for suggestions on gas outlet set up Cut 6 pieces of Tygon tubing at lengths of about 10 cm and connect them to each of the free small metal tubes on top of the rubber lids of the reactors Close the tubing pieces with the help of plastic tubing clamps 22 8 2 2 11 12 13 CSTR 5G CSTR 5S AND CSTR 10S Use protective clothing gloves and glasses when handling bio waste and inoculum Place the reactor on a stable and horizontal surface in an environment with good ventilation Use a tri clamp and a gasket to fasten a tube nipple to the liquid feeding port If the stainless steel version with 4 ports on the main lid is used check that the selected port continues into a metal tube on the inside of the lid If needed attach a sensor T pH etc to the sampling port Check that the ball valve handle on the emptying and the discharging ports are in the off closed position on the steel configuration or that the emptying and discharging port on the glass configuration is closed by a screw cap or a clamped tube attached by a tube nipple Fill the reactor with inoculum and substrate in the proportions needed for the experiment The recommended filling level is to reach the top edge of the discharging tube that is mounted along the inside of the tank as seen in the picture in chapter 6 4 7 Put the main gask
38. wered off by unplugging the power adapter from the mains Dispose of the bio waste in an appropriate way e g by taking it back to a biogas plant Disassemble the reactor according to instructions in chapter 10 and clean the parts Use water and regular washing liquid Inspect the gaskets and screw caps and check the spare parts list if new ones are needed When the reactor is not in use store it disassembled in a dry place 27 10 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS 10 1 Disassembly instructions for cleaning and repair Always unplug the power supply from the motor before assembling or disassembling any parts of the CSTR reactor 10 1 1 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 2G l OTTON Noe bo Before disconnecting any cables from the motor system turn off the motors according to the procedure described in the Bioreactor Agitation Systems manual Remove any tubing that is attached to the reactor Remove the feeding funnel and the bent glass pipe Turn the helical coupling to find the screws that fasten the stir rod and unscrew them Remove the plastic motor screw caps from the reactor opening Remove the metal rod from the helical coupling Pull out the bent stir rod from the reactor bottle Empty the reactor according to chapter 9 10 1 2 DISASSEMBLY OF CSTR 5G l 2 3 D 99 Turn off the motor Remove any tubing that is attached to the reactor Remove lids tube nipples and gaskets from the feeding ports and take out the large fee
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