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Motor Drive Analyzer Software Instruction Manual

1. 9 32 Speed Setup Analog Tachometer ia ioiii neie 232929 548 5925 06 9929 9455 0925206 98255 33 101 197 11 1611571 065 100141961 11 10 00 5 ne 33 Speed and Direction Setup Hall Sensor 34 Speed Direction and Absolute Position Setup Resolver 36 Speed Direction and Absolute Position Setup Quadrature Encoder Interface or QEI 39 MLG 4 Mechanical Sync 5 0 8 4 EEEE E Ea EEE SEESE SEES 4 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Numerics Setup Dialog and 8 42 LE EEE EE 42 Tape GOUN SEERE 43 Unse 11 1 43 Creating Per Cycle Detailed Waveforms from the Numerics 8 1 6 44 44 Waveforms Stats Setup Dialog and Statistics 8 16
2. 5 Active Single Ended Voltage Probes unne 6 Active Differential Voltage Probes ccccccccccccssecccsssecesseeecesseecesaecccsseeceseecensuececsuecceueeeesseeeensuecessueeeesseeeesneeenas 6 High Voltage Differential Probes 6 Men PTODO Ga 6 Using the Motor Drive Analysis Software s nrrrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnvennnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuennnnnne 7 Accessing the Motor Drive Analysis Setup Dialogs 4 T Using the Shortcut BUTTONS ent 8 Motor Drive Analysis Dial g esisiini ee Ee eOe AEE ESENE EN EEE RAE AEAN EARE EEEE 9 711111 11 1 Drive DN srseponnu nee ee eee 10 Wining OMe 41 O EE EN EEE EEE 11 Line Line to Line Neutral Conversion 13 Voltage nd Current ASSIGNMENTS Luse Pest 14 EADE pI EA 1 E E EE S ENS S 5 199 E 14 SE EEE 17 BES Bo EN NN NN NNN ENE 30 Mechanical Sc tuD DIAO EEE EEE 31 1111111011 AN 3 Torque Setup Analog O VdC Naaa iada Kaa KaTa AANA Aaa Ean Kaaa Na REAA EE 32 1111 1 1 111 6 6 4 9 6 6
3. 52 AVON NON ZAC ON GE EEE 53 Maximize USE Of Vertical Grid eee ee eee eee eee ee 53 Compensate Passive Probe EEEE EEEE nEn nannan nne 53 TANN 54 PATER NS 54 Appendix Power Measurement Detail 5 555 555 5550 55 5 555 5 5 5 5559 59 8585 8 8 8 55 Three Wattmeter 4 1 enn 55 ELEN EE M EE ST EE EEE EEE ERE EE 55 One Wattmeter Measurements 0 ccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeesssececosssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeecoasssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseasssecoagsseseeeeeeeeseeseessesseees 55 3 phase 4 wire 3 voltage and 3 current Measurements 9 56 3 phase 3 wire 3 voltage and 3 current Measurements 9 5 3 phase 3 wire 2 voltage and 2 current Measurements 9 58 Instruction Manual Introduction The Teledyne LeCroy Motor Drive Analyzer MDA is a precision instrument that acquires single or three phase motor drive input output and DC bus waveforms and motor shaft torque and motor shaft speed position angle waveforms and performs a variety of voltage current and power calculations on these waveforms Additionally it calculates motor mechanical power outp
4. 4 45 Motor Parameter 11111 111 119 1 9 01 1 2 5 4 0 05 1042 3 9 29 9 9 195 0 0 1 9 5 5 1 46 Detailed Waveform Vertical Scale Settings 47 FAST hig Cre E MOE jr 48 71 111 11 01007 7 0 7 7 5 7 9 9 2 6 22 48 ZOO TAN Ge 4 1 1 6 6 8 1 EE 2 49 Measurement Best Practices annrnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnunnnnuvnnnuvnnnunnnnuvnnnunnnnunnnnnennnuunnn 50 Allow for Recommended Warm up TIMES rrrnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrvnnnnnnnnnnnrrrnnnnnrnrrnnnrrnnnesssnnrnnnrrnnnesssnnrnnnnrrnnessssrrnnnrrnnneesssrsnnnnnnnsee 50 ee Eee GSE 50 Degauss Current Probes EEE NE EE EEE 3 Deskew non Teledyne LeCroy Current or Voltage Measurement Devices 51 Choose the Correct Sync Signal for Measurements
5. RST Mean value of the individual phase values Worst case value of the individual phase values Mechanical Not applicable no result returned Ppk P S Q i Ppp Vams ac IRms a Worst case value Instantaneous es 8 5 80 IRMs B phase values DC B V Not applicable no result returned CAEG ele Oe eae tee DC Bus RMS BUS IRMS BUS pp cycles during the acquired time period VRMsS ST Irms s Worst case value Instantaneous eof aia Vst ls Vain Szrst Psrst P2ast Szrsrt Cos 85 VRMS RT IRMS R phase values Mechanical Torque Speed Not applicable no result returned Peak value 58 TELEDYNE LECROY Everywhereyoulook 700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge NY 10977 USA www teledynelecroy com
6. e Motor Drive Analysis a summary of the current setup and quick access buttons to all the other dialogs e AC Input DC Bus Drive Output and Mechanical setup dialogs used to characterize sections of the drive or motor and to select a measurement Sync signal e Numerics used to configure the Numerics table that displays the mean or peak measurement values for a given source and measurement e Waveforms Stats descriptions of per cycle detailed waveforms created and configuration controls for the Statistics table When first entered from Analysis gt Motor Analysis the Motor Drive Analysis setup dialog is displayed on top Other setup dialogs may be accessed by touching the labeled blocks or by touching the tabs Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Table A IN 111 aie 4 RON Hd H 3phase 3wire 3V3A Waveforms Statistics Transform LL to LN gg Voltage C1 C2 C3 Current C4 C5 C6 Sync C1 60 Hz 3phase 3wire 3V3A Voltage C1 C2 C3 Voltage C1 Current C4 C5 C6 Current C1 Sync C4 100 Hz Sync C1 60 Hz Sync C4 100 Hz Figure 6 Motor Drive Analyzer dialog group Motor Drive Analyzer Software Using the Shortcut Buttons Beneath the touch screen display are six shortcut buttons four of which Drive Setup Numerics Waveforms and Zoom Gate are colored gray and perform actions specific to
7. 9742 mean 4 0303 W 12 9727 VA 310 62 fe3 VAR 1 01588 A 1 01482 A ggr 42 min 3 795 W 12 445 VA 300e 3 S52 VAR 9904 990 4 9742 max WV 13 540 VA 3208 3 12 892 VAR 1 0538 A 1 0506 A 1 0233 A sdev 133 1mW 298 8 mVA 4 8612 3 2756 mVAR 16 96 mA 17 46 mA 13 99 mA num 17 17 iT 17 17 17 status Figure 47 Statistics table display The definition of the values displayed is as follows e Value last value calculated in the acquisition set e Mean mean value for all N values in the statistical set e Min minimum value for all N values in the statistical set e Max maximum value for all N values in the statistical set e Sdev standard deviation value for all N values in the statistical set e Num number of values in the statistical set e Status indicates whether the measurement was performed correctly or not You can show or hide this table by selecting deselecting the Show Statistics Table checkbox on the Waveforms Stats setup dialog There are a maximum of 12 motor parameters MP1 MP2 MP12 representing a specific measurement on a specific source i e a cell of the Numerics table that may be displayed at once in the Statistics table Although the default is to display the table with the corresponding detailed waveform you can hide the waveform while retaining the MP in the table by clearing the Waveform checkbox next to the MP The Waveforms Stats setup
8. For three sensors each 60 apart means that the three Hall sensors are all placed on one side of the stator There are still six unique three bit transitions so the operation is essentially the same but the rising edges of the Hall sensor Signals are separated by 60 at the beginning of the Hall cycle 1 Mechanical Revolution 1 Electrical Cycle gt 6 60 60 i 60 i 60 60 HallR HallS Hall T 000 100 110 111 011 001 Three Hall effect sensors 60 degrees apart 1 rotor pole pair Figure 38 Hall sensor signals on a motor with one rotor pole pair When there are N rotor pole pairs there are N electrical cycles per mechanical shaft revolution 7 1 Mechanical Revolution ETE 1 Electrical Cycle T it 1 Electrical Cycle gt 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Hall R Halls Hall T 001 101 100 110 010 011 001 101 100 110 010 011 Three Hall effect sensors 120 degrees apart 2 rotor pole pairs Figure 39 Hall sensors placed 120 apart on a motor with with two rotor pole pairs 35 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Speed is calculated from edge to edge timing measurements between the Hall A B and C signals with the edge to edge time inversely proportional to frequency from which rotational speed is derived NOTE Hall effect sensor signals timing with reference to other Hall effect sensor
9. P in W instantaneously sampled Voltage Current waveforms Apparent Power S in VA Vams lams Reactive Power Q in VAr s sqrt S P sign determined by lead s 1 or lag s 1 Power Factor A P S Phase Angle Cos A Instruction Manual These mathematical operations are valid for both sinusoidal voltage and current waveforms and for non sinusoidal e g PWM or non linear waveforms typical of motor drive outputs Voltage and Current values are calculated per IEEE definitions Note that RMS values for voltage and current include all harmonic signal content not just that of the fundamental frequency unless specified otherwise See the Appendix for more detailed descriptions of power and other measurement calculations The mean or peak value depending on the measurement for a single acquisition is displayed in a user defined Numerics table Numerics Vrms Inns PF Veilr 12 0615 W 5987 m FOS my 2333 VA 199 VAR 3 3 a4 42017 VERE 12 2929 V 599 4 T3683 VA T335 VAR g5e 3 64 5459 11 9865 V 501 3 TO F2069VA F172 VAR gge 3 o4 36807 EL 12 1203 V 599 8 2 111 W i g 44454 Figure 2 Numerics table shows measurement values You can display statistical data and a per cycle detailed waveform tracking the variation of this data over time simply by selecting a Numerics table cell Each cell represents a motor parameter a specific mea
10. 8406 561 0 1 318 W Statistics PF 2rst 213e 3 244 1 Ade 3 327e 3 61 73e 3 216 value mean min max sdev num 7 099 W 1318 W 174 mW 7 099 W 1247 W 216 status Figure 46 Numerics table cells indicate which motor parameters have detailed waveforms The detailed waveform is a synthesized waveform tracking the per cycle values versus time time correlated to the original acquisition waveforms When displayed the waveform has a unique color and descriptor box showing the waveform name e g P 2rst and vertical and horizontal scale information The default location for the waveform trace is Grid 1 Grid 1 of Tab if in Q Scape display mode from there it may be moved to any desired grid just like any other trace The detailed waveform may be used as the source of a zoom math function measurement parameter memory etc using the standard Teledyne LeCroy oscilloscope tools incorporated into the MDA You can create up to 12 of these detailed waveforms at any given time with corresponding statistical information displayed in the Statistics table below the Numerics table When a motor parameter s detailed waveform is displayed the color of the corresponding Numerics table cell will change as shown in Figure 46 To turn off the waveform simply touch or click the cell again and the trace is removed from the display the same as if you had turned off the waveform by clearing the checkbox on the W
11. Tachometer None Common Settings The different Torque and Speed amp Angle sensors share many common settings although the exact setup will depend on the sensor Common settings for many sensors include Method the type of sensor to be integrated or None to de activate the setup Input Source s an analog channel digital line or memory trace that is the measured sensor signal The type and the number selected will vary by sensor Units the desired display units for the sensor values LPF Cutoff the low pass filter setting used to reduce the bandwidth and eliminate noise and or interference from the sensor signal This setting is available only when the source is an analog input Range Settings depending on sensor type selections to equate a high and low sensor unit value with a high and low input value the example above shows Low Torque and High Torque These settings are enabled only when the source is an analog input Sync Signal as with the AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output the mechanical torque and speed values are computed over a given signal period defined by the Sync signal Low Pass Filter LPF and Hysteresis settings operate as described earlier The Sync source can be a captured channel signal a math waveform or a stored memory trace The Sync source is common to both the Torque and Speed setups Rotation defines the positive rotation direction for the motor shaft from the pers
12. analog channels through simple BNC cable connection with 500 or TMO coupling passive probe connection with 1MO coupling or Teledyne LeCroy compatible voltage or current probes You may also make digital inputs with the addition of a Mixed Signal option Adapters are available to conveniently rescale signals from other devices e g current transformers Rogoswki coils analog tachometers torque load cells etc to desired units and values when connected to the analog channels As drive voltage and current signals are acquired the Motor Drive Analyzer automatically performs cyclical analysis of the acquired signals using a user specified Sync signal This determines the measurement interval period of time that voltage current power efficiency mechanical etc values will be computed Figure 1 is an example of a three phase set of drive output line line voltage and line current signals with the Sync signal defined to be the blue sinusoidal current trace One Measurement One Measurement One Measurement lt interval gt lt Interval Interval gt Figure 1 Sinusoidal Sync signal determines measurement interval for three phase set of signals Once measurement intervals are defined and applied across all waveforms in an acquisition mathematical calculations can then be performed for each measurement interval as described below Voltage and Current RMS values are calculated Real Power
13. between using a voltage or current signal for the Sync or to show the effects of different LPF Cutoff filter or Hysteresis band settings The voltage signal is significantly attenuated in amplitude when filtered upper right but still suitable as a Sync signal with the default 100mdiv hysteresis setting The current signal lower right is an ideal Sync signal since it is highly sinusoidal with high amplitude and fast slew rates before and after filtering NOTE Highly distorted waveforms e g six step commutated voltage and current waveforms might require significantly lower LPF cutoff settings than provided by the default 500 Hz setting See Figure 22 20 Instruction Manual Figure 22 shows a capture of a six step commutated line line drive output voltage waveform again Z1 or the Zoom of C1 which is not shown and the corresponding drive output line current waveform again Z4 or the zoom of C4 which is not shown File Vertical Timebase Trigger amp Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset A FAN oome 1 in Sync I DrvOut Syncz Timebase 225ms Trigger c1 oc 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 15 1V 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 5MS 10MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 4 19 2015 6 51 46 PM Figure 22 Non sinusoidal Sync signals that would benefit from lowering the LPF Cutoff The ACinSyncZ signal upper right based on fil
14. dialog provides a summary of the 12 motor parameters detailed waveforms as well as an alternative method for creating and modifying them 45 Motor Drive Analyzer Software File Vertical gt Timebase P Trigger Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis Utilities amp Support Reset pn 5 A ME C2 BwL DC 8 4 84 84 84 PF Erst Timebase 4505 Trigger ci Dc 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 2 50 A div 2 50 Aldiv 2 50 Aldiv 8 0 Vidiv 1 00 Widiv 1 00 s div Stop 15 1V 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 1 00 s div 1 00 s div 1 00 s div 100MS 10MS s Edge Positive Numerics Vrms Irms a 5 Q PF 3 647 5563 mA 432 mW 2 0710 VA 1 973 VAR 254e3 73 7382 LL to LN 3 647 V 5558 mA 424 MW 2 0638 VA 1 991 VAR 249e 3 74 7979 LL to LN 3 723 v 5710 mA 462 MW 2 2019 VA 2 059 VAR 230e3 74 6081 LL to LN 3 672 V 561 0 mA 1 318 W 6 3366 VA 6 181 VAR 244e3 75 8406 P amp rst PF 2rst 7 099 W 213e3 1 318 W 244 17e3 174 mW 44e 3 7 099 W 327e3 1 247 W 61 78e3 216 216 Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats On Off Measure Source Waveform On Off Measure Source Waveform On Off Measure Source Waveform Waveform Vertical Scale Settings MP1 5 2 Vrms Vab la Vrms Vab la Center 80 3 6365404 able MP2 PF frst Vrms irst Vims Vabla Heiaht div A V Enable Zoom Gate Vims Vabila Vrms Vab
15. drive set up and perhaps a visual inspection of the filtered Sync signal to achieve accurate power measurement results If in doubt as to the suitability of the chosen Sync signal or the correctness of the settings to determine the correct zero crossings and therefore measurement intervals turn on the Sync signal trace and use the Zoom Gate controls to visually determine whether correct period determination is being made Avoid Non Zero Offset Values If possible avoid adding channel offset when taking critical voltage current or power measurements By adding offset to the channel offset error is introduced When probing voltage signals line neutral use of offset likely cannot be avoided However when probing voltage signals line line the peak positive voltage will be equal to the peak negative voltage and offset can be set to zero while still maximizing the signal on the vertical grid Best practice is to ensure that offset is set to zero if possible before making critical measurements Maximize Use of Vertical Grid As described in the MDA HDO8000 Operator s Manual and MDA Getting Started Guide each display grid is divided into 8 vertical divisions and 10 horizontal divisions The 12 bit ADC resolution 4096 discrete levels is divided equally amongst the 8 vertical divisions with the front end gain range eight times the V div setting determining the peak to peak voltage represented by full scale 8 vertical divisions You wil
16. g 4454 Figure 13 Leftmost source column shows values will be line neutral Vr VS and Vt 12 Instruction Manual Line Line to Line Neutral Conversion For wiring configurations that require voltage sensing line line the Numerics table will display line line per phase voltage and current values but it will not display per phase power values due to the voltage being sensed to a different reference than the current In the figure below the leftmost column of the table indicates voltage as line line Vrs Vst and Vtr and currents as line currents Is and It Numerics 1 0159 A 1 0746 A 1 0113 A 1 0140 A 4 046 W 15 135VA 14 564 VAR 267e 3 144976 Figure 14 Leftmost source column shows values will be line line Vrs Vst and Vtr However it is possible to convert the voltage reference to a Line Neutral basis which then permits per phase power calculations Simply select the L L to L N conversion checkbox immediately below the Wiring Configuration this checkbox is disabled when voltage is already sensed line neutral Refer to Figure 12 When conversion Is selected the Numerics table data will change as shown below Numerics Irms P Mi 1 01594 1 358 W 4 3427 VA Vi 1 7853 1 0148 A 1 345 W 43382 VA 3 71 94177 997 4 mA 1 328 W 1 0094 A 4 030 W 12 973 VA 3 r Figure 15 Leftmost source column shows values have undergone L L to L N conversion Now the voltage magnitude Is in a Line Neutra
17. of a measurement will likely not be as good as in the previous case For instance if the mV V full scale output is 3mV V and 10V excitation is applied to the torque sensor then the maximum output is 30mV at full scale torque Realistically inputting 30mV into the MDA channel will result in a 4 5mV div gain setting for the channel and the measured signal will likely be much smaller in many cases so more error will be introduced into the measurement than if the torque sensor had a larger output signal 32 Instruction Manual Speed Setup Analog Tachometer Analog Tachometer setup is shown below ethod speed Units itc Rotation Analog Tachometer HZ CW CCW O C1 Speed Low Speed 0 0 MHz 0 0 MHz par Ratic 1 00000000 10 0000 V 10 0000 V The settings are described above in common settings Speed Setup Pulse Tachometer Pulse Tachometer setup is shown below Method Speed Units Rotation Pulse Tachometer CW CCW C1 Speed Pulse Rotation Pole Pairs D D 1 00000000 In this case the input is a pulse train with N pulses revolution In addition to the common settings define Pulse Rotation the number of pulses for one rotation of the motor shaft The minimum value is 1 and the maximum value is 2000 33 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Speed and Direction Setup Hall Sensor The Hall Sensor speed setup is shown below Method Speed Units Rotation Hall Sensor CW CCW C1 Hall R Pole Pairs Pole Pa
18. sequence N times per shaft revolution A third digital signal is used to communicate position information once per revolution This third signal is the Z index pulse signal This type of sensor is also referred to as an incremental encoder since it provides information on incremental but not absolute rotor shaft position Rotation speed and direction are communicated via the sequence of the A and B signals which are 90 out of phase with each other The A and B signals together form four unique binary AB pulse patterns and the sequence of pulse patterns is different for different rotation directions The QEI can be constructed so that the A signal rising edge can lead the B signal or vice a versa Rotation direction can be conveyed based on the order of the digital AB sequence for A leading B they are in order 00 10 11 10 for a positive rotation direction However rotation direction is arbitrary so the user must also define in the QEI setup interface which rotation direction represents positive 39 Motor Drive Analyzer Software There are multiple AB pulse pattern sequences per shaft rotation The Z index pulse occurs once per revolution and while it could be used directly for speed measurements it lacks enough resolution especially at low speeds to be useful Position 60 61 62 63 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 112 13 14 15 116 17 18 19 20 21 52 53 54 55 56 157 58 59 1
19. signals is directly related to the accuracy of placement of the Hall sensors on the rotor This placement accuracy is relatively low Additionally Hall sensors can exhibit small movements based on thermal effects in the motor and this can further impact the signal timing accuracy over time Therefore it is recommended that the Sync signal used in the Mechanical dialog include several Hall transitions or about one complete Hall six step transition event If you select a Drive Output voltage or current signal as your Sync then you will meet this recommendation HALL SENSOR SYNC SIGNAL A Sync signal must be chosen in the Mechanical dialog in order to define the time period over which to make the speed measurement using the Hall sensor signals The number of edge to edge timing measurements per calculation and thus the time duration for each calculated speed value depends on the Sync signal chosen in the Mechanical dialog More edge to edge Hall sensor timing signals per calculation results in a more average speed value but fewer speed results If the Sync signal is one of the Drive Output voltage or current signals then the number of speed values returned per shaft rotation will be directly related to the number of stator poles and rotor pair poles in the motor Speed Direction and Absolute Position Setup Resolver The Resolver setup dialog is shown below Method Speed Units LPF Cutoff Rotation Angle Units Resolver CW CCW degrees C1 Si
20. their respective dialogs Use these dialogs to configure the parameters shown in the measurement tables No summary information is provided for these blocks Motor Drive Analyzer Software AC Input and Drive Output Dialogs The AC Input and Drive Output dialogs contain essentially the same setup information although each group of settings is used independent of the other therefore they are described together here The main differences between the two dialogs are e The line phase nomenclature for AC Input is A B and C while for Drive Output is R S and T e The single phase wiring configurations differ e Drive Output includes Harmonic Filter capability In general on either AC Input or Drive Output setup dialog you will select e A single or three phase wiring configuration or None e Sources to be assigned to the voltage or current inputs shown in the selected wiring configuration e Sync signal to determine the measurement interval over which all calculations are made Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Voltage Inputs Current Inputs Horizontal Zoom 3phase 3wire 3V3A Enable Zoom Gate 100 mdiv Figure 10 AC Input setup dialog Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Close Voltage Inputs Current Inputs Harmonic Filter Horizontal Zoom 3phase 3wire 3V3A 2 C1 Vrs C4 Ir Full Spectrum Enable Zoom Gate Fund
21. waveform can be the Sync signal source Simply touch or click the input button below Sync on each setup dialog and select the source from the pop up The default is C1 Given that you have unlimited ability to assign C1 to a voltage current torque speed or other signal you should first use the guidelines above to determine whether C1 is an appropriate Sync signal source and if not select a more suitable source VIEWING THE SYNC SIGNAL The filtered Sync signal can be viewed and if viewed one can gain a good understanding of whether the signal is periodic enough to determine the 50 zero crossing period times In general it is good practice to display the Sync signal waveform so as to ensure that the cyclic determination algorithm has been provided with a near sinusoidal signal Otherwise incorrect cyclic voltage current and power measurements will result The checkbox to the right of the Sync source control displays the Sync signal waveform when checked When displayed a unique descriptor box for each Sync signal is placed on the display grid 50 0 ms div 50 0 ms div Figure 19 Sync signal descriptor boxes SynczZ 18 Instruction Manual When viewing the Sync signal a transparent color coded overlay is present to indicate the exact locations where cyclic determination is made Figure 20 This can be used to verify that your Sync signal is performing as you would expect If the acquisition contains many Sync signal cycl
22. which enables measurements to be made on DC AC and impulse currents at very high bandwidths These probes are available with ratings up to 500A continuous 700A peak They are designed to be used on insulated conductors as the core and shield are grounded and voltage applied to probe may cause damage the probe or the circuit under test Note that in the presence of strong magnetic fields accurate measurements may not be possible so it is good operating practice to locate these probes as far away from strong magnetic fields as possible Instruction Manual Using the Motor Drive Analysis Software The Motor Drive Analysis software package uses a multi tabbed user interface The tabs provide basic summary information and quick access to other tabs definition of the connection of signals for proper analysis creation of numeric tables and display of specialized per cycle voltage current power and mechanical Waveforms The tabs are referred to as setup dialogs Accessing the Motor Drive Analysis Setup Dialogs From the menu bar along the top of the display choose Analysis gt Motor Analysis File I Vertical Timebase j Trigger l Display Cursors E Measure Math H Analysis Utilities Support 4 CustomDS0 a Spectrum Analyzer Q WaveScan Serial Decode Motor Analysis Pass Fail Setup PF Testing On PF Actions On The following Motor Drive Analysis dialogs appear from left to right
23. 60 61 62 63 0 1 2 3 4 Phase jajajajajajajajajajajejajzjajejajajajajajajajejajal fajajajejajajajajajzjajajajajajaja FUAT U A A MUU JSU UU UTNE Figure 42 QEI signal set with A leading B The unique two bit AB pulse patterns are referred to as the QEI phases and proceed through the binary sequence 10 11 01 for positive shaft rotation In this hypothetical encoder there are a total of 16 repetitions of the phase sequences or 64 pulses revolution ppr The Z index pulse occurs once per shaft revolution once every 64 pulse transitions The Motor Drive Analyzer utilizes the A B and Z signals to calculate speed direction and absolute shaft angle in the following manner e Speed is calculated through the measurement of the timing between the A and B pulses as they progress through phases 1 through 4 and knowledge of the number of pulses per revolution e Direction is calculated from e Position is obtained through measurement in time of the rising edge of the Index Z pulse and establishing that as Angle 0 The QEI A B and signals are digital therefore digital inputs DO D1 D2 etc available with MSO can probe these signals conserving analog channels for other uses QEI SYNC SIGNAL A Sync signal must be chosen in the Mechanical setup dialog in order to define the time period over which to make the speed measurement using the A and B QEI signals The maximum number of speed calcu
24. Area Tab3 Tab4 Full Acquisition Zoom Gate Area Tab3 Tab4 F BDI C2 F BDI GJ FBDI F50 C5 48 8 C6 FBDI 4 7253 23 E Azs 3 26 E 8 8 8 3 3 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 2 50 Aldiv 2 50 Aldiv 2 50 Aldiv 3 8 0 Vidiv 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 ms div 626 0mv 178 1mv 450 6mvV 2 0269A 13 1maA 1 7775 A er 0 13 2 43373V 14 26 Numerics Vrms Irms P 5 Q PF 12 5562 V 2 7784A 12 6712 V 2 7040A 13 3013 V 2 7633A z 12 8429 V 2 7486A 19 690W 73 916VA 71 029 VAR 266e 3 74 5242 P Zrst PF Zrst 30 808 W 257e 3 19 69 W 266 16e 3 10 537 W 127e 3 43 396 W 395e 3 10 56 W 67 73e3 12 12 TELEDYNE LECROY 4 14 2015 7 30 52 PM Figure 49 Zoom Gate and cursors combined to yield precision measurements 49 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Measurement Best Practices A variety of measurement best practices should be followed when making three phase voltage current and power measurements that require the highest accuracies If these practices are not followed measurement accuracy will be reduced We have provided enough background description on each best practice so that the best decision can be made about whether it is necessary to follow or not based on the degree of measurement accuracy that is desired The list of best practices is below in order of importance to accuracy most important are list
25. Full Spectrum Enable Zoom Gate Fundamental LPF Cutoff Vst C5 500 Hz 3 Hysteresis Vir C6 100 mdiv TELEDYNE LECROY 1 21 2015 10 43 05 AM Figure 16 Numerics data calculated for the Full Spectrum You can see that the reported apparent power S values are very high and therefore the reactive power Q values are very high and therefore the calculated power factor PF and phase angle values are very low If the Harmonics filter setting is changed to Fundamental and the Include DC checkbox is left unchecked then the calculated data in the Numerics table is very different as show in Figure 17 15 Motor Drive Analyzer Software T Vertical j File Bwl DC1M C2 8 0 Vidiv mV offset Numerics Vrilr LL to LN Vs ls LL to LN Vt lt LL to LN Irst LL to LN Motor Drive Analysis Wiring Configuration 3phase 3wire 3V3A TELEDYNE LECROY Timebase BwL DC 1 8 0 Vidiv 0 mV offset Vrms 1 357 V 1 355 V 1 361 V 1 357 V AC Input Trigger Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support BwL DC 1M BwL DC1M Bwl DCIM GJ Bul DCM 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 500 mA div 500 mA div 0 mV offset 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst Irms S Q 1 0139A 1 331 W 1 3756 VA 349 mVAR 1 0131A 1 318 W 1 3725 VA 382 mVAR 995 0 1 305 W 1 3537 VA 361 mVAR 1 0073A 3 953 W 4 1018 VA 1 093 VAR PF 967 3 961 3 9646 3 964 3 14 6983 16 1353 15 4474 15 4385 Mechanical Numer
26. TELEDYNE LECROY File 2 Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger amp Display Zoom C6 5 00 A div 50 0 ms div zoom C3 1 00 Vidiv 50 0 ms div FBD 8 4 Vidiv 0 0 mV ofst FBOD 10 0 A div 0 0 mA ofst 12 3962 A 23 1781V 123962A 934781 Drive Output lt gt 80 A 8 0V 0 mv BD 10 0 A 0 mA BD 8 0V 0 mv BD 10 0 A 0 mA 8 0V 50 ms 141A 165A 4 265V Numerics Bus irst Mechanical TELEDYNE LECROY 265V 240V 36 359 W 29 21W 9 85741 W 5 68 026 VA 70 518 VA Irms 3 4189 A 4 386 A Vrms 19 9318 V 7 880 V Cursors lt ZOO 200 50 ms 240V Q Mosaic Undo E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Flashba 45 Mechanical l zoom Dig 12 5 MS s 6 25 MS FED 200 mV div 265 00 mV Zoom C7 200 mV div 50 0 ms div Zoom C8 500 mV div 50 0 ms div 78 88 Digital 3 500 mV div 12 5 MS s 1 29500 V 25 0 MS 816 44mvV 0x3 722750mV 81644mvV 0x3 722750mv Torque vs Speed H aj ht a Z8 Z7 200 mV div 500 mV div Z00 10 0A 50 ms Z00 10 0A 50 ms P Mechanical C8 C7 Speed 1 00 Widiv 200 mV div 10 0 mN m 50 0 ms div 500 mV div 10 0 rpm div 75 10 0 mN m 50 0 ms div 8 0V 10 0 rpm div 50 0 ms div 11598rpm 7208mNm 8 754422 W 141A 165A C1 DC TTia i Positive Timebase 920 ms Tri
27. amental si Fundamental N 500 mdiv Range Figure 11 Drive Output setup dialog 10 Instruction Manual Wiring Configuration To correctly calculate power values identify the Wiring Configuration used by the drive power section and assign sources to each voltage and current input j alate T AnA Airai VELG VG q 3phase 4wire 3V3A AC Input and Drive Output each has five available wiring configuration selections plus None three for three phase motors and two for single phase motors e 3 phase 3 wire 2 Voltages 2 Currents Using Line Line voltage probing and 2 wattmeter method This method is ideal for measuring drive input output efficiency since if selected for both the AC Input and Drive Output it requires only eight total 4 voltage and 4 current measurements e 3 phase 3 wire 3 Voltages 3 Currents Using Line Line voltage probing e 3 phase 4 wire 3 Voltages 3 Currents Using Line Neutral voltage probing e 1 phase 2 wire 1 Voltage I Current AC Input setup dialog only e 1 phase 3 wire 2 Voltages 2 Currents AC Input setup dialog only e 1 phase Half Bridge Drive Output setup dialog only e 1 phase Full Bridge Drive Output setup dialog only e None this selection is equivalent to de activating any voltage and current assignments to the right of the Wiring Configuration setup NOTE The wiring configuration is not the same as the motor winding configur
28. ation A three phase motor winding may be either a Wye Y or Star or Delta A and while a Delta motor winding will naturally limit you to a three wire wiring configuration there is no neutral present in a Delta winding a Wye winding may provide ability to probe voltage line line three wire or line neutral four wire 1 Motor Drive Analyzer Software AC Input and Drive Output may each use a different wiring configuration e g the AC Input may use a single phase two wire wiring configuration while the Drive Output may use a three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configuration Therefore the connection diagram that appears on the dialog will dynamically change depending on the wiring configuration selected The wiring configuration diagram shown above is for a three phase four wire 3V3A selection made in the AC Input setup dialog The wiring configuration diagram below is for a three phase three wire 3V3A selection made on the Drive Output setup dialog 1 Figure 12 Connection diagram changes for each drive section and wiring configuration This diagram provides important information on how to connect the probes for each phase For example current probes must be connected with current flow into the load i e the drive or motor and voltage probes must be connected as indicated If you are using differential voltage probes as would be required in the case of line line voltage probing you must conne
29. ations are made using a one wattmeter measurement By definition the voltage is line neutral and there is only one pair of directly associated line voltage and currents 55 Motor Drive Analyzer Software 3 phase 4 wire 3 voltage and 3 current Measurements In this case a Neutral is present voltage is probed Line Neutral and Line currents are sensed The calculation methodology for Voltage Current and Power values is as summarized in the table below The line neutral voltage values and line current values are shown as A B C R S and T Values displayed in the table represent the following calculations as performed on each recovered cycle as defined by the Sync source signal Vpk Ipk VRMS Irms i Vek lpk Vac lac Voc ee V pK PK PK PK Ver lor A B C RS T Mean value for all measured cycles Worst case value of all measured cycles DC Bus during the acquired time period during the acquired time period 2ABC 2RST Mean value of the individual phase values Worst case value of the individual phase values Mechanical Not applicable no result returned P P S Q Ppk Worst case value of all Instantaneous A Va l Vams a lRus a W Sa P a gt 005 Aa measured cycles during Ae the acquired time period Worst case value of all B e Vanem ense 56 Pe 86 58 05 s measured cycles during i the acqu
30. aveforms Stats dialog 44 Instruction Manual Waveforms Stats Setup Dialog and Statistics Table As described above detailed waveforms can be created from the per cycle measurement values by selecting any Numerics table cell The detailed waveform is essentially a synthesized waveform that represents a per cycle measurement value vs time time correlated to the original acquired voltage and current waveforms with one discrete vertical level measurement value in the waveform for each measurement cycle Detailed waveforms are thus time correlated with any other signal input to an MDA channel and can be used to understand and debug complex behavioral interactions in the AC input DC bus drive output or mechanical section that would be otherwise difficult to understand Up to 12 detailed waveforms can be created and viewed at any one time When a detailed waveform is created an additional Statistics table is displayed by default The values in this table are the statistical data values that comprise the detailed waveform Thus if there are 500 unique measurement cycles in the acquisition and therefore 500 measurement values the Statistics table will provide the statistical mean minimum maximum standard deviation number of measurements and last value in the acquisition as shown below Statistics P erst S erst PF rst CC rst Irms Vrir Irms Vsils Irms Vtilt value 4 064 12 864 VA 31fe3 12 199 VAR 9904 mA 9905
31. ble cell where normally the measurement value would appear When the maximum number of measurements 12 is reached the remaining measurements are disabled to indicate that no more selections may be made and the Table Column heading will say Full Vrms Vdc Irms idc PF Ppk Ppk Torque 7 387 V 116 mV 1 0159A 22 3 MA 7 436 V 84 mV 1 0148 A 17 5 mA 7 469 V 17 mV 1 0113 A 57 5 MA 7431 V 72 mV 1 0140 A 5 9 mA 4 046 W 15 135 VA 14 584 VAR 267e 3 37 309 W 11 683 W AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Table Rows Table Columns Full Units Vb Ib tab Torque degrees Enable Vrsilr Vstils Vtriit Zoom Gate Clear All 5 Mechanical Figure 45 Highlighting indicates selected sources and measurements Disabled Table Columns options indicate table is full To change the measurement set at this point deselect unwanted measurements under Table Columns to re enable the desired options To quickly clear all row and column selections simply press the Clear All button in the lower left of the Numerics dialog See the Appendix for a complete description of what information appears for each measurement depending on the source wiring configuration In general the value displayed is a mean or peak value for the entire acquisition Unit Selection Voltage current power real apparent reactive power factor and phase angl
32. ct the positive and negative leads of the differential probes as shown in the diagram Failure to do so will result in incorrect values for total and per phase power These incorrect results may not be obvious in three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configurations where a line line to line neutral conversion is not performed NOTE The voltage connection and nomenclature in the diagram follows the utility industry convention of indicating voltage polarity i e Vag indicates a voltage made with reference from A phase to B phase and not the mathematical vector convention i e AB indicating a vector drawn from A to B The AC Input Drive Output wiring configuration selection impacts the display of data in the Numerics table The image below shows the Numerics table display for a three phase four wire 3V3A Drive Output wiring configuration in which voltage is sensed line neutral The table contains rows for the line neutral voltages and the corresponding line currents for the Drive Output R S T setup In this case voltage current and power values for each phase are displayed as well as the sum value for the three phase total see the Appendix for measurement definitions Numerics Vrms mms P PF d 12 0815 V 5087 MA 703 mW T2333 VA 7 199 VAR 97e 3 o4 42017 599 4 mA 700 r 3683 VA 1 335 VAR 95e 3 54 5455 7 11 9865 V 501 3 PO mW T 2069VA F 172 VAR 9Se 3 a4 36807 12 1203 V 599 5 mA 2 111 W 21 809VA 21 706 VAR ofe 3
33. current data For each drive power measurement section you will choose a Sync signal that determines the measurement interval the default is the signal on C1 This Sync signal can be filtered to remove high frequency content and obtain better periodicity Horizontal Zoom Enable Zoom Gate 500 Hz 100 mdiv HOW THE SYNC SIGNAL IS USED The software determines a 50 amplitude value for the Sync signal waveform the 50 amplitude value equals approximately OV for a voltage signal probed line line or a line current signal It then determines a 50 or zero crossing point for each individual cycle and a time measurement for the start and end of each full cycle present in the acquisition The 50 zero crossing point determination is made with high precision using a proprietary software algorithm that combines the following measurement techniques e User settable high frequency filtering via low pass filter cutoff setting e Localized interpolation oversampling at the 50 zero crossing point e Elimination or minimization of the effects of non monotonicities at the 50 zero crossing point with a user settable hysteresis band control Once the 50 zero crossing point times are determined the various measurement parameters are calculated in the defined cyclical time for any waveform that uses that Sync signal The Sync signal may be unique for the AC Input DC Bus Drive Output and Mechanical or it may be shared amongst two or more po
34. e Sync signal shows that proper period determination of the C1 line line voltage signal is maintained back to the beginning of the acquisition File vertical Timebase Trigger Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal SOMME TN fip EN JE C5 FB DI Ex 72 5 3288 23 ED a 75 BEE TT AC in Syncz TG DEE 8 0V 8 0V 250A 250A 250A 8 0V 8 0V 8 0V 250A 250A 2 50 8 0V 2 50 Aldiv 200 ms div Stop 468 V 21 5 ms div 20 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive 1 20 2015 8 04 38 AM 0 0 mV 0 0 mV 0 0 MA 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 30 Adjusting filters reveals DriveOutSyncZ is the better choice Sync signal 26 Instruction Manual EXAMPLE SYNC SIGNAL SETUP LINE NEUTRAL VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS WITH A SIX STEP COMMUTATED BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR Six step commutated waveforms can present special challenges for Sync signal setup since they are highly distorted and since due to common low voltage levels lt 50V voltage is often probed line neutral using common passive voltage probes Consider this short acquisition 500ms below in which a BLDC motor is operating under steady state conditions The three line neutral voltage signals are shown in the top grid the line current signals are shown in the bottom grid Ej File Vertical Timebase Trigger GE Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utili
35. e Sync source See Zoom Gate Mode for more information EXAMPLE SYNC SIGNAL SETUP LONG ACQUISITION WITH WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE AND OVERLOAD As described earlier in this section long acquisitions of signals that have wide dynamic ranges and distortion require care in setting of the Sync signal in order to achieve accurate results Consider this example of a long acquisition two seconds of time of a sine modulated three phase drive that ultimately shuts down due to an overcurrent condition incurring a substantial output current change i e wide dynamic current range and significant distortion of the signal at the shutdown event The three phase line line voltage waveforms are shown in the top grid and the three phase line currents are shown in the bottom grid File Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger GJ Display Cursors Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset Unde F B D1 F B D1 F BDI F BDI EE C6 FBD1 Timebase 800ms Trigger c4 oc 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 2 50 Aldiv 2 50 Aldiv 2 50 A div 200 ms div Stop 468V 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mV ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 20 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 1 20 2015 7 46 05 AM Figure 27 Initial display of input source waveforms for sine modulated three phase drive Then Zoom Gate is enabled and the original two second long acquisitions are kept on the left side of an octal grid and the zoomed waveforms are located to the right The
36. e have pre defined units assigned to them and these cannot be changed However mechanical units related to the torque and speed direction position sensing can be changed The following selections are supported e Angle units may be degrees radians or cycles e Speed units may be in degrees s radians s or revolutions per minute RPM e Torque units may be in Newton Meters N m foot pounds ft lb inch ounces in oz or inch pounds in Ib Selections made on this setup dialog will override selections made in the Mechanical setup dialog and vice versa 43 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Creating Per Cycle Detailed Waveforms from the Numerics Table The Numerics table is interactive Touching or clicking a table cell creates a new per cycle detailed waveform of that motor parameter and provided Show Statistics Table is checked on the Waveforms Stats setup dialog statistics for that mean or peak value are displayed in a separate Statistics table Bwl OC ey Bal DC 2 50 Adiw 2 50 Aldiv 8 0 Vidiv 1 00 Widiv 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 1 00 s div 1 00 s div MEE C Bal DC BwL DC BwL OC 05 8 0 Vidiv 0 Vidiv 6 0 Vidiv 2 50 Aldiv 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 0 mA ofst Numerics KE Irms P 5 Q Wr lr tle 3 647 V 556 3 432 miN 2 07170 VA 1 973 VAR Vs lg LLtolk 4 1 991 VAR 555 5 424 mV A WER Ce 57 1 0 mA 462 mV 2 2019 VA 2 059 VAR dl A 6 181 VAR 90 Qe 3 div 1 00 s div 747979 746081 75
37. e pair resolver Single Pole Pair Resolver Output Shaft Angle 0 90 180 270 360 Jul Figure 40 1 speed 1 pole pair resolver inputs 37 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Single Pole Resolver Output Shaft Angle 0 90 180 270 360 Excitation Reference Sine Cosine Figure 41 2 speed 2 pole pair resolver inputs The Excitation Reference signal is usually used to define the Sync period for the calculation of rotor speed and angle from the sine and cosine signals During each Sync time a calculation of speed and angle is made from the corresponding peak values of the sine and cosine signals OFFSET ANGLE AND ANGLE UNITS The calculated Angle parameter value is arbitrary depending on the mechanical placement of the resolver around the shaft but this Angle parameter can be adjusted to represent the rotor flux field angle or some other angle through use of the Offset Angle setting Angle units for the Offset Angle adjustment are selected with the Angle Units selection 38 Instruction Manual Speed Direction and Absolute Position Setup Quadrature Encoder Interface or QEI The QEI setup dialog is shown below Aethod Speed Units Rotation Anale Units Quadrature Encoder HZ CW CCW degrees da C1 85 ii a Geir ilis 1 024e 3 ual ate C2 E 1 00000000 In addition to the common settings the QEI setup dialog requires definition of the following e Pulse Rotation En
38. e probe connection to the device under test DUT is also connected to instrument chassis ground The passive probes qty 4 supplied with the MDA are rated for up to 500 MHz bandwidth with 10 MO input resistance DC coupled to the input channel with 1 MO input resistance resulting in a 10 1 attenuation This high input resistance means that passive probes are the ideal tool for low frequency signals since circuit loading at these frequencies is minimized However the maximum voltage at the probe tip cannot exceed 600V DC peak AC with a frequency de rating beyond 30 kHz and the maximum voltage at the input channel after 10 1 attenuation cannot exceed 400V max DC peak AC lt 10 kHz when DC coupled to 1 MQ input resistance Thus passive probes are ideal for measuring lower voltage signals referenced to ground A common application for passive probes is measuring drive output voltages on a battery powered device within the limitations described above where the drive output is effectively referenced to an earth ground At higher voltages gt 50V common mode interference may introduce unwanted noise to the measurement In these cases a suitable differential voltage probe 5 usually recommended CAUTION Passive probes should not be used with the probe ground connection attached to a three phase system Neutral connection as the Neutral voltage may not be the same as Ground and significant currents could travel from the passive probe n
39. e probe from the conductor 2 Slide the opening lever to close and lock the probe 3 Press the Degauss button on the probe dialog An Auto Zero is automatically performed as part of the degauss cycle Deskew non Teledyne LeCroy Current or Voltage Measurement Devices A variety of measurement devices current transformers Rogowski coils potential transformers torque load cells long BNC cables etc may be integrated to the MDA Cables probes and other measurement devices introduce a propagation delay from the measurement point back to the input channel of the MDA In general Teledyne LeCroy voltage and current probes introduce propagation delays in the range of 1 to 15 ns Other measurement devices may introduce more or less propagation delay RG58 coaxial cable has a propagation delay of 2ns m For precision timing measurements or best accuracy when two signals are used in a math operation e g a multiplication to achieve a power value correction for the propagation delays may be necessary depending on the signal speed s and necessary precision required 51 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Deskew is the process by which various propagation delays are corrected for at the input plane of the MDA To perform a deskew 1 Measure voltage and current signals coincidently using the same signal source 2 Enter the deskew adjustment plus or minus on the input channel dialog Rescale Pre Processing 1 sweep Linear ts
40. e ratio between the rotor angular speed and stator magnetic flux angular speed is called slip Percent slip is the percent difference between the Synchronous speed and the base speed Thus an ACIM is never operating at its rated no load or 100 speed but some lower speed Slip may also be expressed as a percentage of one revolution or in radians or degrees Mechanical Sync Signal The Mechanical Sync signal setup is identical to that for AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output One Sync source applies to all mechanical values The Sync source can be different from that of the electrical sections or the same See Sync Signal section for more information on choosing a good Sync signal for this measurement 4 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Numerics Setup Dialog and Table Once proper voltage current and mechanical signal assignments are made to analog or digital channels the Numerics setup dialog provides the ability to quickly and easily create a customized measurement table with up to 10 Table Rows representing sources or combinations of sources and 12 Table Columns consisting of voltage current power torque speed and other measurements These measurement parameter values are mean or peak values depending on the measurement parameter as described in the Appendix The intersection of a row and column results in a motor parameter MP which represents a specific measurement made on a specific source Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus D
41. easurements are performed Any measured signal that corresponds to one repetitive time period can be used as the Sync Synchronization signal A signal that varies around a zero crossing e g line line probed voltage signals or line neutral current signals and that experiences little change in amplitude during the complete acquisition is the best choice to Sync on In general this would be the signal that most closely represents a sine wave although it is not absolutely necessary to use a sine wave See Sync Signal for details and recommendations on choosing the best source In the case of highly distorted waveforms e g six step commutated voltage or current waveforms you will likely find that some adjustment of the Low Pass Filter LPF cutoff and Hysteresis zero crossing filter settings is necessary You can view the low pass filtered Sync signal and in doing so gain a better understanding of whether the software has a good periodic signal to determine zero crossing times Signals with very high harmonic content e g six step commutated voltage signals will have significant attenuation when the low pass filter is applied and may therefore be less suitable as a Sync signal Signals that 52 Instruction Manual experience wide dynamic ranges such as load current signals in acquisitions under highly dynamic loading conditions may also be unsuitable Thus the choice of the Sync signal requires some thought prior to beginning motor
42. ed first and those of lesser importance are listed last Allow for recommended warm up times Auto Zero differential probes Degauss current probes Deskew non Teledyne LeCroy current or voltage measurement devices Choose the correct Sync signal for measurements Avoid use of non zero offset values Maximize use of vertical grid Compensate passive probes Apply filters to lower noise Deskew Teledyne LeCroy voltage and current probes In addition to the instructions below see the MDA HDO8000 Operator s Manual or the pertinent probe manual for more information about performing each best practice Allow for Recommended Warm up Times To ensure accurate measurements allow active probes to warm up the recommended amount of time before autozeroing degaussing or performing critical measurements 20 minutes is the recommended warm up time for most Teledyne LeCroy instruments Auto Zero Differential Probes Auto Zero removes DC offset from the probe measurement Perform an Auto Zero on a differential voltage or current probe after initial warm up at the beginning of critical measurements or when the ambient temperature has changed by more than 5 C Probes that require Auto Zero have an Auto Zero button on the probe dialog that appears next to the input channel dialog when the probe Is connected Invoke Auto Zero by pressing the button 50 Instruction Manual Channel Setup High Voltage Differential Probe To
43. es you may need to zoom this signal to see the detail Use the Zoom Gate feature to zoom the Sync signal in in a time correlated way to the original channel acquisitions and any detailed waveforms that were defined Figure 20 Colored overlays mark measurement cycle on Sync signal LPF CUTOFF The low pass filter LPF applies a digital filter with a 3dB cutoff at the specified frequency The default value is 500 Hz Sync source signals with significant high frequency content e g a PWM voltage signal will be significantly attenuated in amplitude when filtered to the default frequency but may still be suitable Sync signals if they are sinusoidal with low distortion Signals with very high harmonic content e g six step commutated voltage signals will have significant attenuation when the low pass filter is applied and may therefore be unsuitable for Synchronizing Signals that experience wide dynamic ranges such as load current signals in acquisitions under highly dynamic loading conditions may also be unsuitable Use care in setting the LPF filter value to lower than the default setting and view the Sync signal to ensure that the chosen filter setting is providing the desired result Set LPF Cutoff to a lower or higher frequency than the default 500 Hz to improve the quality of the Sync signal e Lower values improve the noise and distortion rejection but may overly attenuate the signal requiring undesirable hysteresis settings or re
44. esponds to the detailed waveform 47 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Zoom Gate Mode The Motor Drive Analyzer combines the best capabilities of power analyzer products with very long record captures up to 250 Mpts or minutes of acquisition data and consequently is able to perform numerical calculations and display per cycle detailed waveforms for hundreds or thousands of power cycles This provides a unique ability to validate and debug drive control and mechanical system behaviors that is not possible using a traditional power analyzer or oscilloscope However such long records and large datasets are difficult to analyze The Zoom Gate feature provides a simple method for zooming all input sources analog and digital detailed waveforms and Sync signals together positioning the zoom window on any portion of the trace The common zoom window then acts as the measurement gate for the Numerics and Statistics tables Thus it is possible to push one button Zoom Gate turn a couple knobs to adjust zoom ratio and position and quickly compare the acquired waveforms and per cycle detailed waveforms while automatically recalculating the measurements for only the zoomed area you see Accessing Zoom Gate Zoom Gate may be enabled by pushing the Zoom Gate shortcut button on the front of the MDA Figure 7 or by touching the Enable Zoom Gate button on the AC Input DC Bus Drive Output and Mechanical dialogs Both hardware and software buttons
45. eutral to instrument ground a hazardous situation that d could result in shock or damage to the DUT or MDA or both In this case an HV isolated differential voltage probe is recommended High Voltage HV Passive Voltage Probes These probes are similar to low voltage passive voltage probes except they have a higher voltage rating at the probe tip and may require that you manually set the attenuation and coupling for the input channel The same cautions about ground connections that apply to passive voltage probes apply to HV passive voltage probes Two HV passive voltage probes may be used in a pseudo differential mode if the probe grounds are connected together but not to ground and connected to two separate input channels using a math subtraction of the two input channels to achieve the differential result While this may be the only suitable method for very high voltages there can be significant common mode interference when using this technique Motor Drive Analyzer Software Active Single Ended Voltage Probes Active probes utilize a Teledyne LeCroy ProBus interface connection to identify the probe to the input channel so that the correct attenuation and coupling are set automatically These probes typically have less voltage range than a passive probe The same cautions about ground connections that apply to passive voltage probes apply to active single ended voltage probes as well but these types of probes typically have much less vo
46. g and the current signals had a very wide dynamic range In this case a math waveform could be defined as the Difference in two line neutral probe voltages to obtain a line line voltage that might be a better Sync source NOTE LPF cutoff is accomplished with a digital software filter This digital filter will result in a small phase shift of the filtered signal when referenced to the non filtered signal This is normal and does not impact the accuracy of the measurement Note also that changing the Sync signal source LPF cutoff frequency or hysteresis will result in a recalculation of the Numerics table results It is therefore recommended that all these settings first be made and verified on a shorter acquisition record before acquiring longer records SYNC SOURCE SELECTION You may select a different Sync signal source for each drive power measurement section Each selection is used the same way but functions independently providing maximum flexibility to achieve the most accurate results This is typically necessary since the drive line input is usually fixed frequency whereas the drive output is variable frequency Thus two Sync sources assignments appear for AC Input and Drive Output and the DC bus link usually shares a Sync source with either the AC Input or Drive Output Per cycle voltage and current measurements are made for each identified cycle and power is calculated from those values Any analog or digital channel math or memory
47. g high frequency control system behaviors with lower frequency drive system behaviors An extensive array of triggers that can isolate analog digital serial data or combination events in long acquisitions supports debug of common problems that are a result of the coupling or interactions of low frequency and high frequency signals In summary the Motor Drive Analyzer combines power analyzer measurement capability with traditional oscilloscope capabilities Short duration steady state operating condition voltage current and power measurements on the motor drive input output or DC bus Long duration transient dynamic operating condition voltage current and power measurements on the motor drive input output or DC bus Short or long duration capture of motor torque and speed signals with conversion to mechanical values and shaft power Short or long duration capture of other signals coincident to drive signals such as drive control feedback signals microprocessor signals semiconductor device gate drive signals etc to enable isolation and debug of abnormal events or operating conditions Motor Drive Analyzer Software Operational Overview The MDA utilizes a high resolution acquisition system controlled by a core operating software program Teledyne LeCroy X Stream running under Windows OS with the Motor Drive Analysis application embedded into the core operating software program Signals are input to any of the eight
48. gger 200 ms div Stop 12 5 MS s Edge 648 5356 ms 1 22 2015 4 01 10 PM PF 520e3 399 3 Q Ne 5 322 VAR 64 11 VAR Ne 1 9590 66 4259 Torque Speed 25 MS X1 779e3 339 70e 3 779e 3 7326mNm 127 930rpm 444 7e3 Instruction Manual Motor Drive Analyzer Software Ne TELEDYNE LECROY Everywhereyoulook Motor Drive Analyzer Software Instruction Manual 2015 Teledyne LeCroy Inc All rights reserved Unauthorized duplication of Teledyne LeCroy documentation materials other than for internal sales and distribution purposes Is strictly prohibited However clients are encouraged to duplicate and distribute Teledyne LeCroy documentation for their own internal educational purposes X Stream ProBus HDO and Teledyne LeCroy are trademarks of Teledyne LeCroy Inc Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested trademarks of their respective holders Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions Specifications are subject to change without notice 925152 RevA February 2015 Instruction Manual Table of Contents Mod 1 OG 0 11 OLE EE SE int 2 SET OTS IDDU EE EE Se 3 Choose the Correct Input Method Probe for Your 1 0 15 44 9 4 Direct 12 1161111110 ianari ek cunt aa 355 8 2 aa 8 3 5 8 4 PNL eee 5 High Voltage HV Passive Voltage 5
49. he highest possible accuracy for very short duration switching and conduction loss measurements 54 Instruction Manual Appendix Power Measurement Detail Three Wattmeter Measurements Three phase four wire 3V3A wiring configuration power P S Q calculations are made using a three wattmeter method In this case line neutral voltages and line currents for each phase are available and measurements on all three phases can be directly made with the associated voltage and current waveforms using a wattmeter for each phase Three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configuration power P S and Q calculations are made using a three wattmeter method if a Line Line to Line Neutral conversion is performed Two Wattmeter Measurements Three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configuration power P S and Q calculations are made using a two wattmeter method In this case line line voltages are available along with line currents Since there are no directly associated line voltages and currents a two wattmeter method is performed to calculated and display total three phase power only Single phase three wire 2V2A wiring configuration power P S and Q calculations are made using a two wattmeter measurement By definition these voltages are measured line neutral so there are two pairs of directly associated line voltages and currents One Wattmeter Measurements Single phase two wire 1V1A wiring configuration power P S and Q calcul
50. hree sinusoidal signals labeled A B and C to evoke a 3 phase 3 wire configurations NG 3phase 3wire 3V3A Voltage C1 C2 C3 Current C4 C5 C6 Figure 9 Icons show wiring configuration selected for that block If None is selected for a specific wiring configuration the block shows the icon for the previous wiring configuration selection so as to maintain a visual cue of what the block represents Each block has a distinctive application specific set of icons so as to clearly differentiate the AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output and the icons are repeated in the larger wiring configuration diagrams shown on the setup dialogs Below the block is a summary description of the wiring configuration selected the channel assignments and Sync signal selections made for the various drive power sections AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output so as to facilitate understanding of the complete setup definition The Mechanical Motor block indicates the torque and speed configurations the channel assignments for them and the Sync signal selection All summaries are shown at all times whether or not there is an active acquisition measurement or waveform for the section The blocks in the flow also serve as buttons to open the corresponding setup dialogs You may use the tab or the button to open the dialog Detailed setup instructions for each setup dialog follows Two additional buttons Numerics and Waveforms Statistics open
51. icable no result returned Peak value If the Line Line to Line Neutral conversion is performed on this wiring method then the methodology as outlined in 3 phase 4 wire 3 voltage 3 current is performed 57 Motor Drive Analyzer Software 3 phase 3 wire 2 voltage and 2 current Measurements In this case no neutral is present voltage is probed Line Line and Line currents are sensed The calculation methodology for Voltage Current and Power values is as summarized in the table below and since the two wattmeter method is implicitly selected there are only two voltage readouts and two current readouts provided in the table The line line voltage voltage values are shown as Vec Vac Var and Var and line current values are shown as la lg Iz and I Values displayed in the table represent the following calculations as performed on each recovered cycle as defined by the Sync source signal VeK Vrms Irms Vpk lpk Vac lac VPK PK IPk PK Voc lbc Vor lor Vac Vac Mean value for all Worst case value of all i measured cycles during Not applicable measured cycles during Not applicable Var Vart the acquired time period the acquired time period la lB Not applicable e ae ae Not applicable NN IR Is the acquired time period cycles during the acquired time period DC Bus Mean value for all measured cycles during the acquired time period 2ABC
52. ics Waveforms Stats DC Bus Drive Output Voltage Inputs Current Inputs C1 Vrs C4 Ir Full Spectrum Fundamental Vst Vtr Harmonic Filter Normal Undo Reset in I f Fi J Timebase 200ms Trigger C1 DC 50 0 ms div Stop 21 2V 5 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive Horizontal Zoom C4 LPF Cutoff 500 Hz Enable Zoom Gate B Include Hysteresis 100 mdiv 1 21 2015 10 49 01 AM Figure 17 Numerics data calculated for only the Fundamental Harmonic Note only table changes Notice that the displayed waveform data did not change only the Numerics table values changed If the Include DC checkbox is checked then the Numerics data is now calculated on that basis as shown below Numerics LL to LH LL to LH LL to LH LL to LH 16 Vrms 1 361 W 1 355 V 1 364 V 1 360 V P 5 1 331 W 1 3803 VA 1 319 W 1 3728 VA 1 306 W 1 3582 VA 3 956 W 4 1113 VA Irms 1 0143 A 1 0133 A 9959 mA 1 0078 A PF 965e 3 15 3024 961e 3 16 1264 962e 3 15 8574 962e 3 15 7666 Q 364 382 MVAR 371 mVAR 1 118 VAR Figure 18 Numerics data calculated for Fundamental Harmonic including the DC component Instruction Manual Sync Signal In order to perform power voltage and current measurements over individual cycles a measurement interval must first be determined for the acquired voltage and
53. ion Manual Only two selections Full Spectrum and Fundamental are available with the initial software release The Fundamental N and Range selections will be available as an added cost option in a future release The Harmonic Filter set for the Fundamental selection utilizes a discrete fourier transform DFT The input to the DFT is the acquired sampled voltage and current data over the period of time defined by the Sync signal and the output of the DFT is real and imaginary sinusoids corresponding to the fundamental frequency defined by the Sync period Real power P is calculated from the real component sinusoid instantaneous voltage and current waveform product and apparent power S is calculated from the Vams and laws values which are derived from the quadratic sum of the real and imaginary fundamental frequency sinusoids Both of these values include the DC component along with the fundamental frequency if the Include DC checkbox is checked As described in an earlier section with values for reactive power Q power factor A and phase angle derived from P and S values If the analyzed acquisition contains multiple Sync periods then multiple calculated values are displayed in the Numerics and Statistics tables as described earlier Consider this example of a three phase sine modulated motor drive output The acquisition is the three phase line line voltage waveforms all shown in the top grid and the three phase line curren
54. ired time period Worst case value of all i ee Vesker AGP Pc Sc Cos As measured cycles during vr the acquired time period SABC Pa Pa P Ga Sn 8 eee Aa Ag Ac 3 ba 08 00 3 Worst case value of the HETESTE ease es KER ee se ae individual phase values i Not applicable no result Worst case value of all measured cycles DC Bus VRMS BUS RMS BUS returned during the acquired time period Worst case value of all Instantaneous R Vel j VRMS R RMS P 88 8 Pr Sk Cos measured cycles during the acquired time period Worst case value of all S ri Vs WSs P3 Ps Ss Cos As measured cycles during the acquired time period Worst case value of all Instantaneous T V VRMS T RMS T S7 Py P Sr Cos measured cycles during Tor the acquired time period SRST PR Pe P Sn Sc 8 Qr Qa Q AgtAgtAr 3 br bs 01 3 Worst case value of the ieee pe ol individual phase values Mechanical Torque Speed Not applicable no result returned Peak value 56 3 phase 3 wire 3 voltage and 3 current Measurements In this case a no neutral is present voltage is probed Line Line and Line currents are sensed The calculation methodology for Voltage Current and Power values is as summarized in the table below The line line voltage values are shown as Vag Vac Vea Vas Var and Vrp and line current values are shown as la lg Ic Ip Is lr Instruc
55. irs D C2 Hall S 1 00000000 ox Hall T In addition to the common settings the setup requires definition of the following e Pole Pairs the number of rotor magnetic pole pairs is entered in the Pole Pair selection For each rotor Pole Pair there is one complete set of six transitions per shaft revolution A two pole rotor would have one mechanical shaft rotation for two sets of six transitions each Therefore this is an important value to enter to correctly gauge the shaft speed Minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 6 e Hall Angle either 60 or 120 representing the angular separation of the three Hall sensors around the rotor In both cases there are six unique transitions for one shaft revolution when there is one rotor magnetic Pole Pair HALL SENSOR INPUTS While the inputs for Hall R Hall S and Hall T can be either analog channels C1 C8 or digital logic lines D1 D15 as Hall effect sensor signals are digital digital inputs are typically used to conserve analog channels for other uses NOTE It is good practice to first verify the Hall sensor signal levels using a passive probe and an analog channel before using the digital channels as this will help ensure that the digital logic calculation threshold and hysteresis settings are appropriate POLE PAIRS AND HALL ANGLE Brushless DC BLDC motors using six step commutation most often utilize Hall effect sensors embedded in the rotor to provide a non co
56. l basis and the phase has been corrected as well which allows per phase power values to be calculated The leftmost column of the table now indicates voltage as line voltage Vr Vs and Vt and there is an LL to LN notation next to each indicating that these values were calculated using a mathematical conversion and not via direct measurement Conversion has the benefit of allowing you to configure the Numerics table to display the per phase power P S Q A and values for each phase and converted line neutral Vams value and subsequent other voltage values calculated on a line neutral basis NOTE The line neutral conversion assumes a balanced three phase system in which the vectorial sum of all voltages Is zero and the vectorial sum of all currents is zero To perform the conversion it enforces this assumption as a requirement and the C AC input or T Drive Output current value will be adjusted to ensure that the vector sum of all currents is zero Depending on the amount of adjustment to the C or T phase current reading the total P and S and Q values will change slightly as can be seen in the table images above See Numerics Setup Dialog for more information on configuring the Numerics table 13 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Voltage and Current Assignments A unique voltage and current input assignment section appears on the AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output dialogs depending on the wiring configuration chosen Shown belo
57. l obtain the best accuracy for any voltage current or power measurement by maximizing the size of the signal on the vertical grid therefore utilizing the maximum amount of ADC counts to resolve the displayed signal This is different than with many power analyzers that reserve a portion of the vertical grid for overshoot based on a user defined or factory default crest factor assumption Be sure to reserve an appropriate amount of the vertical grid for expected signal overshoots or dynamic range NOTE Pre processing bandwidth filters such as ERes are applied by the software after the hardware acquisition but before the signal is displayed Therefore it is recommended to first observe signals on the display grid without ERes applied so as to set the appropriate V div gain for each channel Then apply ERes as necessary to filter the bandwidth further Utilize multi grid or Q Scape displays or both to view many signals when they are maximized on the vertical axis To view signal details create a zoom of the original trace and expand the zoom trace vertically instead of changing the channel V div Compensate Passive Probes The passive probes supplied with the MDA are matched to the input impedance of the instrument but will need Capacitive compensation trimming to accurately match the probe input impedance and achieve the best frequency response Perform a low frequency calibration using the Cal signal available from the MDA s front
58. la Vims Vab la Find Scale Clear All 24 Vrms Vab la Vrms Vab la Vrms Vab la ep 1 14 2015 5 44 40 PM Figure 48 Waveforms Statistics dialog with Statistics table and detailed waveforms displayed To quickly empty the Statistics table touch the Clear All button at the bottom left of the Waveform Stats dialog Motor Parameter Definitions For each of these 12 possible MPs the Waveforms Stats dialog shows its current status and may be used to change the MP definition The following image shows a single MP definition as it appears on the dialog On Off Measure Source Waveform MP4 Vrms Vrs lr e On Off shows or hides the MP in the Statistics table When On light gray the MP is shown on the table when Off black the MP is hidden e Measure indicates the measurement chosen e g Vrms You can change the measurement shown on the table by selecting this button and choosing a new measurement e Source indicates the source for the measurement e g Vrs As with Measure you can change the table by selecting the Source button and choosing a new source e The Waveform checkbox shows hides the detailed waveform that corresponds to this MP 46 Instruction Manual Detailed Waveform Vertical Scale Settings When a detailed waveform is displayed a corresponding descriptor box appears below the grid eee Selecting the descriptor box it will appear highlighted as shown above activates that trace SRE and the Wa
59. lations that could be made would be equal to the pulses revolution divided by four if the Sync signal chosen in the Mechanical dialog had the same period as the A or B signal If the Sync signal period is longer then the speed is calculated on the average of multiple four AB phase long periods If the Sync signal is one of the Drive Output voltage or current signals then the number of speed values returned per shaft rotation will be directly related to the number of stator poles in the motor and the number of QEI pulses rotation 40 Instruction Manual The Z index pulse provides the 0 location of the shaft When the software measures a rising edge Z pulse the Angle is determined to be 0 at this location and the angle increment would be as follows e 360 4 QEI pulse rotation value in the case of degree units e 2 4 QEI pulse rotation value in the case of radian units The calculated QEI shaft Angle can be converted to a rotor magnetic pole field electrical angle by entering a value for the Offset Angle offset of the rotor magnetic pole field electrical angle compared to the QEI shaft angle Knowledge of the rotor electrical field angle is useful for analyzing advanced Vector FOC control systems but is not needed for speed or direction sensing Slip Setup For an AC induction motor the load on the rotor shaft serves a purpose to slow the angular speed of the rotor magnetic flux field and permit the motor to develop torque Th
60. ltage range and peak voltage capability than passive probes Active Differential Voltage Probes Differential voltage probes sense the voltage difference that appears between and inputs The voltage component that is referenced to earth the common mode voltage is identical on both inputs and is rejected by the amplifier These types of probes are ideal for measuring low voltages in control systems drive inputs outputs and gate drive voltages as long as the voltages are not floating more than the common mode voltage rating of the probe In drives very often the common mode voltage is floating by a large amount so typically a high voltage differential voltage probe is used High Voltage Differential Probes High voltage differential voltage probes operate the same as normal differential voltage probes but they have the added benefit of HV isolation with respect to ground and wider differential voltage ranges They are also very cost effective making them a good general purpose differential voltage probe for a variety of power electronics inverter subsystem drive input output and control system probing Since these probes are rated for higher voltages the tips are HV insulated and larger than normal differential voltage probes so they are not be suitable for fine pitch probing Also bandwidths are usually lower 100 MHz Current Probes Current probes use a combination of Hall effect and transformer technology
61. ms 5MS 10MS s Edge Positive 1 20 2015 8 22 54 AM TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 32 Sync signal display after Zoom Gate enabled lower right It can be immediately seen that the ACinSyncZ signal using C1 or the line neutral voltage signal has too low an amplitude and poor zero crossings to be effective as a Sync signal A better approach would be to create a line line voltage waveform using a Math function and make that the Sync signal instead Figure 33 shows the new F1 trace C1 minus C2 a line line voltage with the ACinSyncZ source changed from C1 to F1 but otherwise the same Normal File Vertical Timebase r Trigger Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Ce DEC MEG C5 PC by rai 25 al 26 Ei Timebase 225m5 Migger ci oc 4 4 4 50 50 50 50 50 50 410 0 Vidiv 50 50 0ms div Stop 15 10 V 10 10 10 10 0 ms div 10 5MS 10MS s Edge Positive 1 20 2015 8 22 15 AM 1 1 1 0 0 0 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 33 Changing ACinSyncZ source to math function improves periodicity blue lower right 28 Instruction Manual The ACInSyncZ signal amplitude remains low but the quality of the periodic determined has improved Closer inspection of many cycles using the Zoom controls indicates that all periods are properly determined The DrvOutSyncZ signal amplitude remains good as well but lowering the LFP Cutoff filter to 200 Hz shown in Figure 34 improves confidence that it is correctly determining the c
62. n for illustrative purposes C4 channel 4 or a current signal is assigned as the Drive Output Sync signal named DrvOutSyncZ and shown as a green trace C1 channel 1 or a voltage signal is assigned as the AC Input Sync signal named ACInSyncZ and shown as a blue trace The default LPF Cutoff 500 Hz and Hysteresis 100 mdiv settings are retained 24 Instruction Manual j File Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger Display Cursors EF Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset nde AEE C2 88 8 FB D1 FB D1 dre co fee 39 22 ES 23 E 886 75 BEN 26 EG Timebase B00Ms Trigger c4 DC 8 0V 250A 250A 250A 8 0V 8 0V 8 0V 250A 250A 250A 8 0V 2 50 A div 200 ms div Stop 468V 0 0 mV 0 0 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms 20 0 ms div 20 MS 10MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 4 20 2015 7 52 14 AM Figure 28 Sync signal display after Zoom Gate enabled lower right NOTE Only one Sync signal is required for proper measurements and the Sync signal associated with the drive power section e g ACinSyncZ for AC Line Input or DrvOutSyncZ for Drive Output should be used for measurements on that power section Two Sync signals are shown in these examples only to show the difference between using a voltage or current signal for the Sync or to show the effects of different LPF Cutoff filter or Hysteresis band settings Both signals look nearly the same amplitude If the hori
63. n Pairs Bole Pairs C2 Cos 1 00000000 ox Excitation In addition to the common settings the setup requires definition of the following e Pairs the number of resolver pole pairs is entered in the Pairs selection An N pole pair resolver would have N mechanical shaft rotations per sine cosine signal period Therefore this is an important value to enter to correctly gauge the shaft speed Minimum value is 1 and maximum value is 100 e Offset Angle lt is unlikely that the Resolver is mounted to the rotor shaft so that sine cosine signals are aligned with the motor rotor magnetic field An offset angle can be entered to compensate for the resolver misalignment so that the Angle measurement parameter represents the rotor flux field angle or some other angle of interest e Angle Units Selects the units that the offset angle entry is made in and in which the Angle measurement values are displayed in 36 Instruction Manual RESOLVER INPUTS In this case the input is a set of analog sine and cosine signals that by definition are 90 degrees out of phase These are referred to as the sine and cosine signals and they provide speed and direction information The excitation signal reference defines the frequency by which the sine and cosine signal amplitude alternates within the sine and cosine envelopes One full period of the sine or cosine signal represents N rotations of the rotor shaft for an N pol
64. ntact signal output to a pickup on the stator These sensors are used to sense rotor position and then directly control the electrical commutation of voltage in the stator The Hall sensor signals can be used to indicate rotor speed from which shaft speed can be calculated The three Hall sensors provide pulse outputs that when taken as a 3 bit binary string provide 6 different values that repeat in a defined order One repetition of the six values corresponds to one rotation of the rotor for a motor with one rotor pole pair or two repetitions corresponds to one rotation of the rotor for a 2 pole pair rotor The sequence of the repetition indicates either clockwise RPM or counter clockwise RPM rotation The figure below shows Hall effect sensor signals for a three Hall effect sensor configuration with the sensors placed 120 apart on the stator equally spaced and one rotor pole pair At every 120 one of the Hall effect sensors makes a positive transition the figure shows 60 horizontal division and one electrical cycle completes in the same time as one mechanical shaft revolution 34 Instruction Manual 1 Mechanical Revolution 1 Electrical Cycle T 60 60 60 i 60 i 60 60 HallR HallS Hall T 001 101 100 110 010 011 Three Hall effect sensors 120 degrees apart 1 rotor pole pair Figure 37 Hall sensors placed 120 apart on the stator equally spaced with one rotor pole pair
65. ortcut buttons LabNotebook Q Scape perform the same functions as on the HDO8000 oscilloscopes See the MDA HDO8000 Oscilloscopes Operator s Manual for a description Instructions for using the Numerics and Zoom Gate are given later Instruction Manual Motor Drive Analysis Dialog The Motor Drive Analysis dialog is the entry point to the Motor Drive Power Analysis software The dialog shows a block flow diagram of the electrical signal path of a Motor Drive and Motor and provides a visual and textual summary of the wiring configuration channel assignments and Sync signal selection for each motor drive block Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Table wn 9 9 9 er AGO 3phase 3wire 3V3A Waveforms Statistics Transform LL to LN Voltage C1 C2 C3 Current C4 C5 C6 Sync C4 100 Hz 3phase 3wire 3V3A Voltage C1 C2 C3 Voltage C1 Current C4 C5 C6 Current C1 Sync C4 100 Hz Sync C1 60 Hz g min max Sync C1 60 Hz Figure 8 Motor Drive Analysis dialog provides visual and textual summary of motor drive block configurations The icon shown on the AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output blocks changes based on the wiring configuration selected on the respective dialog For instance if the AC Input wiring configuration is 3phase 3wire 3V3A then the AC Input block icon shows t
66. ossing level The non monotonicity period is detected as a measurement interval resulting in an incorrect period determination which will result in incorrect calculations One Measurement interval One Measurement Interval One Measurement Interval One Measurement Interval gt Zero Crossing Level One Measurement Interval One Measurement interval One Measurement Interval One Measurement Interval One Measurement Interval Figure 25 Non monotonic signal produces false measurement intervals By using the Hysteresis Band controls you can set a hysteresis band level that is greater than the amplitude of the non monotonicity and avoid false measurement interval calculations One Measurement Interval gt lt One Measurement Interval lt One Measurement Interval gt lt One Measurement Interval gt Zero Crossing Level her Hysteresis Band Figure 26 Hysteresis Band corrects for non monotonicity 23 Motor Drive Analyzer Software ZOOM SYNC SIGNAL On longer acquisitions especially those with dynamic load conditions it may be necessary to zoom the Sync signal to verify that a good cyclic determination is achieved Press the Zoom Gate button to create new zoom traces of each source waveform time correlated to a zoom of the Sync signal If undesirable results are obtained adjust LFP cutoff and Hysteresis settings as necessary or choose a different signal to use as th
67. panel Follow the directions in the probe instruction manual to compensate the frequency response of the probes 53 Motor Drive Analyzer Software NOTE The top row of analog inputs channels 1 through 4 may have small differences in input impedance 1 pF input capacitance difference from the bottom row of analog inputs channels 5 through 8 For best accuracy perform a new low frequency calibration if the probe is moved from a top row to a bottom row channel Apply Filters to Lower Noise You may filter analog acquisitions to reduce bandwidth and noise by applying an Enhanced Resolution ERes factor on the input channel dialog Each channel may be filtered independent of every other channel This may be helpful to reduce the effects of noise in the acquisition especially given that drive input AC line frequency and drive output PWM switching frequency bandwidth tends to be much lower than the total system bandwidth The ERes filtered resultant bandwidth is displayed on the input channel dialog and is dependent on the sampling rate If the sampling rate is changed the filter bandwidth will change as well for a given ERes setting Rescale Pre Processing 1 sweep Linear 1 000 ns 0 5 bits 1 000000 3dB 625 0 MHz 4 0 pV NOTE The ERes filter is a software filter applied post acquisition to the hardware acquisition data If the signal is suspected to have high levels of overshoot or other noise that peaks well abo
68. pective of a person looking down the shaft towards the motor Selection of CW defines rotation as positive when the shaft rotation is clockwise and selection of CCW defines rotation as positive when the shaft rotation is counter clockwise 3 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Gear Ratio The motor shaft may turn at a different speed if it is geared up or down Use this setting to indicate a gear ratio to reduce motor shaft speed compared to rotor field speed Gear ratio gt 1 indicates gearing down whereas gear ratio lt 1 indicates gearing up Speed amp Angle methods that include a Rotor Pole Pairs selection take into account the faster electrical speed with rotor pole pairs The Numerics dialog described in the next section includes parameters for Torque Speed and Rotor Field Angle that you can add to the Numerics table display Torque Setup Analog 0 Vdc Analog 0 VDC setup is shown below Analog 0 VDC Nem C7 Torque Torque High Torque 0 0 mN m 0 0 mN m All settings required for this torque sensor type are described above in common settings Torque Setup Analog mV V Analog mV V setup is shown below Analog mV V N m 60 Hz C7 Torque 0 0 mN m 0 0 mN m 3 0 10 0 V The settings are described above in common settings with the exception of e mV excitation V full scale torque output e Supply DC excitation voltage to the sensor Due to the low output voltage of this sensor the accuracy
69. perform the same actions e Creates zoom traces Zx of all displayed input sources These new Zx waveforms will likely not be located in the grid you desire so select a new grid style and or drag the trace descriptor box for each Zx trace to a different grid to position them appropriately e Includes all Zx traces in a multi zoom so that all Zx traces are zoomed with the same ratio and positioned in a time correlated fashion e Includes any per cycle detailed waveforms and Sync signal traces in the multi zoom with the Zx traces so that all are zoomed and positioned in a time correlated fashion e Adds per cycle detailed waveforms and Sync signals that are displayed after Zoom Gate is enabled to the multi zoom group e Permits other math Fx or memory Mx traces to also be added to the multi zoom as desired To do this from File toolbar select Math gt ZoomSetup then select MultiZoom tab and include additional Fx or Mx traces in the multi zoom Although there are several instances of the control activating deactivating Zoom Gate in any one way serves for the entire application When Zoom Gate is enabled the light bar on the Zoom Gate button is lit and the Enable Zoom Gate software button is highlighted light gray The front panel Zoom button between the Vertical and Horizontal scale controls is also lit indicating that these controls may be used to control the zoom ratio and position and thus also control the gating location and si
70. probes are available with ratings up to 700A RMS peak ratings Motor Drive Analyzer Software A wide variety of third party voltage and current transformers transducers may be integrated into the MDA and Motor Drive Power Analyzer software by using a direct BNC connection to the instrument and a rescale operation Built in support is provided for the widest variety of angular speed direction and absolute position sensing mechanisms including simple analog and digital pulse tachometers quadrature encoder interfaces QEI resolvers and Hall effect sensors To conserve high resolution 12 bit analog input channels digital MSO inputs may be used for speed sensors with digital signal outputs Torque transducers may also be integrated A Sensor Adapter may be purchased from Teledyne LeCroy and programmed so that a third party measurement device is automatically re scaled whenever it is plugged in to the MDA See Choose the Correct Input Method Probe for Your Signals for guidance on selecting the best input device Choose the Correct Input Method Probe for Your Signals Direct BNC Cable Connections BNC cable connections are commonly used to connect current transducers transformers CT Rogowski coils voltage potential transformers PT or other sensor units to the input channels A CT should have a resistor installed across the output so as to create a voltage which can be input to the MDA You can manually rescale and convert units fo
71. r these devices directly in the software using the input channel dialog Cx Select a new unit and Unit V conversion ratio and an Add value if appropriate You can also select the coupling DC500 NOTE The maximum input voltage rating on a channel when using 500 coupling is 5Vrms Many current and voltage sensing devices may not provide frequency response to DC and therefore cannot be DC coupled to the instrument Depending on the input signal this may impact voltage current and power measurement accuracy Coupling Bandwidth Attenuation Rescale DC500 200MHz Units slope 100 000e 3 Store Figure 4 Define input signal characteristics on the Channel Cx dialog Instruction Manual If you are using the SA10 ProBus Sensor Adapter to connect the sensor to the instrument coupling and rescale settings will appear on the SA10 dialog Channel Setup C5 Sensor Setup Sensor Definition Channel Definition Adapter Attributes 5 U i JUG D L Save to Adapter Maker 0 Vdc N Full Cancel 12345678 1 000000 500hm Torque DCOnly Figure 5 When using the SA10 define sensor inputs on the SA10 dialog Passive Voltage Probes Passive probes utilize an attenuation sense pin that identifies to the input channel the appropriate attenuation and coupling settings Passive probes are single ended and the ground lead on a passive probe is connected directly to the instrument chassis ground Therefore th
72. remove output offset drift Start an AutoZero cycle by removing probe from circuit under test then pushing AutoZero NOTE To ensure an accurate Auto Zero on a differential probe follow the instructions in the probe user manual Some voltage probes e g HVD310x models must be disconnected from the DUT before Auto Zero is performed Failure to Auto Zero a probe will likely result in a DC bias applied to the voltage measurements leading to inaccurate results This step should not be skipped when taking a critical measurement particularly a power measurement Degauss Current Probes Teledyne LeCroy current probes use a combination of Hall effect and ferrite core transformer technology to measure AC DC and impulse currents To ensure the most accurate measurements the current probes must be periodically demagnetized to remove any residual magnetic field from the transformer core caused by excessive input currents e g peak current that exceeds the probe rating or sensitivity setting or strong external magnetic fields This process is referred to as Degaussing The Degauss process takes about 5 seconds and should always be performed during initial setup after probe warm up when peak currents exceed the probe rating for a given sensitivity setting or recommended at the beginning of a day This step should not be skipped when taking a critical measurement particularly a power measurement To degauss a current probe 1 Remove th
73. rive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Table Rows Table Columns Units ab le Vbc Ib Vcailc Zabc Vac Vdc Vpk Vpk Vpkpk Ve Torque Enable Vr Vsils Vtit irs ac Ipk Ipkpk C Speed Zoom Gate degrees Clear All 5 Mechanical Q Ppk Angle Figure 43 Default Numerics dialog before defining table Table Rows Table rows are the sources that are available to display corresponding to the wiring configuration inputs and these selections change dynamically based on selections made for the AC Input DC Bus and Drive Output wiring configurations and the Mechanical torque and speed direction methods In Figure 43 the AC Input wiring configuration is 8 3 phase 4 wire 3V3A resulting in Va Vg and V line neutral voltages paired with la lg and Ic line currents whereas the Drive Output wiring configuration is 8 3 phase 3 wire 3V3A resulting in Vgs Var and Vp line line voltages paired with la Is and I line currents In both cases there is a Xthree phase value The DC Bus selection will appear or not based on whether the None or 1 phase 2 wire 1V1A selection is made The Mechanical selection will appear as long as there is one method selection made for torque or speed direction For instance if the AC Input wiring configuration was selected to be 1 phase 3 wire 2V2A and the Drive Output wiring configuration was selected to be 3 phase 3 wire 3V3A then the Table Rows would change as follow
74. rossing location File Vertical Timebase P Trigger Display Cursors E Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support yey poe Normal Reset T KK EE aas api Ep e o C gt DC fe 2 2 Timebase 225ms Trigger c1 oc 4 4 4 50 50 50 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 15 10 V A 1 4 0 0 0 10 0 ms div 5 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 1 20 2015 8 29 58 AM Figure 34 Lowering LPF Cutoff improves crossings of green DriveOutSyncz 29 Motor Drive Analyzer Software DC Bus Setup Dialog To correctly calculate power values identify the wiring configuration used by the DC Bus power section and assign input channels to each voltage and current Choose from either e 1 phase 2 wire 1 Voltage I Current this is equivalent to activating the voltage and current assignments to the right of the Wiring Configuration setup e None this selection is equivalent to de activating any voltage and current assignments to the right of the Wiring Configuration setup Voltage input assignments are performed the same as for AC Input and Drive Output as is the Sync signal selection and adjustment See the previous sections on Voltage and Current Assignments Sync Signal and Zoom Gate for instructions on using these controls The Sync signal source can be the same as or different than that selected for AC Input and Drive Output Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Sta
75. s Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Table Rows Table Columns Units Torque Slip degrees Enable Vrs VstIs Vir it irs c Speed n Zoom Gate Clear All 5 Mechanical Q LS Angle gt Figure 44 Table Rows options change depending on the wiring configuration Incompatible sources are disabled From 1 to 10 rows depending on need may be added to the table by selecting the source on the dialog If the wiring configuration or selections made dictates that fewer than 10 sources are possible then the number of rows will be restricted to the maximum possible number of sources If a source is selected as a Table Row it will indicated by a gray color highlight on the source button 42 Instruction Manual Before configuring the table ensure that your voltage and current sources are assigned correctly that current probes are placed in the correct direction for current flow and that voltage probes are connected with the correct polarity Otherwise measurement parameters will calculate incorrectly for a given source Table Columns Table columns are the actual measurements that are performed on the selected sources rows The superset of all measurements Is always displayed Those measurements selected are indicated by a gray color highlight on the Table Columns button If a measurement column is incompatible with a source row then is displayed in the ta
76. slope 1 000 ns 0 5 bits 1 000000 3dB 625 0 MHz 0 pV Teledyne LeCroy s DCS015 Deskew Calibration Source connects to the AUX IN connector of the MDA and produces a set of signals that allow voltage and current probe deskew within limitations of the current loop size You could also use a Similar device of your own construction The propagation delays of non Teledyne LeCroy measurement devices should be understood so that a sensible decision can be made as to whether the propagation delays should be adjusted for deskewed AC input line frequency or drive output PWM periods typically have frequencies in the range of 1 to 300 Hz and the propagation delay errors between different voltage and current measurement devices may be so small compared to the speed of the signal being measured that rigorous deskew of input signals is unlikely to result in improved power measurement accuracy For instance a 10ns error between a voltage and a current signal that is contained within a 10ms 100 Hz period would result in a miniscule measurement error the propagation delay is 0 0001 of the measurement period Therefore most users do not bother to deskew probes for power measurements unless the propagation delays are much larger than what is described above Choose the Correct Sync Signal for Measurements Sync signal selection is critical to the correct operation of the Motor Drive Power Analyzer software as it determines the interval at which m
77. sulting in no cyclic detection at all e Higher values may improve the signal amplitude but pass too much high frequency content leading to a distorted signal and incorrect 50 zero crossing determination 19 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Figure 21 shows a capture of a sine modulated line line drive output voltage waveform Z1 or the Zoom of C1 which is not shown and the corresponding drive output line current waveform Z4 or the zoom of C4 which is not shown The ACinSyncZ signal upper right based on filtered C1 line line voltage waveform and DrvOutSyncZ signal lower right based on filtered C4 line current waveform are displayed with the default 500 Hz LPF cutoff File Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger Display Cursors EF Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset Undo AA 21 zoome MEZ R DrvOutSyncZ Timebase 200ms Trigger C1 DC 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 212V 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 5MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY we eee 11912015 6 48 33 PMY Figure 21 Sinusoidal Sync signals displayed with default 500 Hz LPF Cutoff NOTE Only one Sync signal is required for proper measurements and the Sync signal associated with the drive power section ACinSync for AC Line Input or DrvOutSyncZ for Drive Output should be used for measurements on that power section Two Sync signals are shown in these examples only to show the difference
78. surement on a single input source Statistics 02 11 10 3 6 11 PF irst Erst Irms Vrir Irms Vsils Irms vtilt value 10 3054 W 28 481 VA 3626 3 26 5514 VAR 1 73721A 1 73604 A mean 10 1781W 28 2021 VA Hed 26 3014 VAR 1 78434 A 1 72494 A 1 732681 A min 10 0507 W JUE 26 0514 VAR 1 76844 1 71267 A 1 72932 max 10 3054 26 451 VA 3626 3 26 5514 VAR 1 80025 A 1 73721 A 1 73604 A sdev 27 4 mW 279 1 mVA 945 Je 250 0 mVAR 15 90 12 27 mA 3 362 mA num status Figure 3 Statistics table shows measurement statistics for selected motor parameters The synthesized per cycle detailed waveforms may then be correlated with other acquired signals or gated to a specific portion of the acquisition providing valuable capability to debug complex drive behaviors under long duration transient operating conditions Supported Inputs The MDA analog channels utilize a ProBus interface that consists of a BNC and a 6 pin connector The ProBus interface Identifies and sets attenuation for passive probes Powers and identifies ProBus compatible probes making correct selection of probe input coupling attenuation etc A variety of standard Teledyne LeCroy ProBus compatible voltage and current measurement probes are supported for use with Motor Drive Analyzers Differential voltage probes are available with high voltage isolation excellent noise and flatness performance and high common mode rejection ratio CMRR Current
79. tect a 50 zero crossing on a smaller amplitude signal but with risk that false 50 zero crossings will be detected e Higher hysteresis values improve the ability to reject the impact of signal distortion or noise in determination of the 50 zero crossing but with risk that accuracy of 50 zero crossing detection will be reduced Some non zero hysteresis value is required to prevent false 50 zero crossing determination However this also means that the Sync signal must meet a minimum amplitude requirement and be relatively noise free at lower amplitudes Signals with very wide dynamic ranges are therefore likely to be bad Sync signals since the low signal amplitude portions of the Sync waveform might be smaller than the hysteresis setting that is required In this case it is best to choose a different signal that has a more constant amplitude or a smaller dynamic range 22 Instruction Manual To understand how the hysteresis band setting works consider the following example below of a perfect sinusoid In this case the zero or 50 crossing level is simple to detect and the measurement intervals are easily determined lt One Measurement Interval gt One Measurement Interval gt One Measurement Interval gt One Measurement interval gt N N NR VI Se Figure 24 Measurement intervals on monotonic signal Now consider the example below in which there Is a non monotonicity near the zero or 50 cr
80. ter the total number of AB phase sequences per single shaft rotation The default value is 1024 and the minimum value is 1 and the maximum value is 1 x 10 e Rotation Even though the QEI signals include direction information the default direction as installed or defined by the QEI signals may not be what you desire Simple make a selection here to change the rotation sign from one direction to another e Offset Angle The calculated QEI motor shaft angle can be converted to a rotor magnetic pole field electrical angle by entering a value for the Offset Angle offset of the rotor magnetic pole field electrical angle compared to the QEI shaft angle Knowledge of the rotor electrical field angle is useful for analyzing advanced Vector FOC control systems but is not needed for speed or direction sensing Enter the offset in degrees of the QEI Z pulse in relation to the rotor magnetic flux field e Angle Units Selects the units that the offset angle entry is made in and in which the Angle measurement values are displayed in QEI INPUTS In this case three digital pulses A B and Z or the Index pulse are used to define speed direction and absolute position The inputs for A B and Z can be either analog C1 C8 or digital logic lines D1 D15 Typically digital inputs would be used to conserve analog channels for other uses The QEI utilizes two digital signals A and B that are 90 out of phase to communicate a two bit pulse
81. tered C1 line line voltage waveform and DrvOutSyncZ signal lower right based on filtered C4 line current waveform are displayed with the default 500 Hz LPF cutoff The voltage signal upper right is significantly attenuated in amplitude and both of these signals are too non sinusoidal to be reliable Sync signals even though in this case the algorithm seems to be working effectively The ACinSyncZ signal in false cyclic determination The DriveOutSyncZ signal also is too non sinusoidal This is easily remedied by changing the LPF cutoff to a lower frequency such as 100 Hz 2 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Figure 23 shows the same Sync signals with the lower filter setting File Vertical Timebase Trigger Display Cursors Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset Ha e 1 zoome MEZ EN DrvOutSyncZ Timebase 225ms Trigger C1 DC 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 15 1V 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 10 0 ms div 5MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 1 19 2015 6 55 27 PM Figure 23 Non sinusoidal Sync signals corrected by adjusting LPF Cutoff filter HYSTERESIS BAND The Hysteresis band setting defines an amplitude band through which the Sync signal must exceed before Sync signal slope will be determined to be acceptable for use in the 50 zero crossing determination The default value e Lower hysteresis values improve the ability to de
82. the Motor Drive Analysis program Drive Setup Numerics Waveforms Zoom Gate Figure 7 Motor Drive Analyzer shortcut buttons on front panel of MDA How these buttons work Is described below Table 1 MDA shortcut button functions Button Press First Opens the Motor Drive 1 Shows the Numerics 1 Shows detailed Creates zoom Zx traces Analysis setup dialog table provided at least one waveforms at 10 1 horizontal zoom row source and one OR ratio for all acquired column measurement analog and digital are defined 2 If no detailed channels and a time OR waveforms created then Synchronized multi zoom opens the group that includes all 2 If table not defined Waveforms Stats dialog waveforms and Sync Drive Setup Numerics Waveforms Zoom Gate then opens the Numerics signals Activates Vertical dialog to allow table and Horizontal front panel definition knobs for zooming Zoom button is lit Numerics and Statistics table data now gated to the zoomed area hidden shows it channels Third Same as First If Numerics table shown Hides detailed waveforms Same as First hides it and closes and Statistics table Numerics dialog tab Second Closes the Motor Drive 1 If Numerics table Shows Statistics table Turns off channel zooms Analysis setup dialog shown hides it Zx traces resets OR detailed waveforms and Sync signals to 1 1 same 2 If Numerics table time scale as acquired The other two sh
83. ties amp Support Normal BwL DC1M BwL DC1M Bwl DC1M 8 DC1M BwL DCIM 8 DC1M Timebase 225ms Trigger C1 DC 4 00 Vidiv 4 00 Vidiv 4 00 Vidiv 500 mA div 500 mA div 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 15 10 V 12 4898 V 12 4907 V 12 4736 V 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 5 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 4 20 2015 8 11 20 AM Figure 31 Initial display of input source waveforms for six step commutated brushless DC motor Then as in the previous example Zoom Gate is enabled and the original half second long acquisitions are kept on the left side of an octal grid while the zoomed waveforms are located to the right C4 channel 4 or a current signal is assigned to the Drive Output Sync signal named DrvOutSyncZ and shown as a green trace while C1 channel 1 or a voltage signal is assigned to the AC Input Sync signal named ACInSyncZ and shown as a blue trace The default LPF Cutoff 500 Hz and Hysteresis 100 mdiv settings are retained 21 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Normal f Math Analysis X Utilities Support File Vertical Timebase Trigger Display amp Cursors E Measure B Di B Di C3 8 B Di Gi C6 BERT Ea 72 ENN 200 PL 75 5 299 zo 85 28 Timebase 225ms Trigger c1 DC 4 00 V 4 00 V 500 mA 500 mA 500 mA 4 00 V 4 00 V 4 00 V 500 mA 500 mA 500 mA 4 00 Vidiv 500 mA 50 0 ms div Stop 15 10 V 12 5 V 125V 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 0 ms div 10
84. tion Manual Values displayed in the table represent the following calculations as performed on each recovered cycle as defined by the Sync source signal Vrms Vac Voc Irms lac Ipc VPK Vek VPK PK Vor PK lpk lPk PK lor Mean value for all measured Worst case value of all Mas re hes cycles during the acquired Not applicable measured cycles during the Not applicable Rar Ko TR time period acquired time period la Ip Mean value for all Worst case value of all eg Not applicable measured cycles during the Not applicable measured cycles during the 8 Is I acquired time period acquired time period DC Bus Mean value for all measured cycles during the acquired time period 2ABC 2RST Mean value of the individual phase values Worst case value of the individual phase values Mechanical Not applicable no result returned PPk P S Q Ppk VRMS AC IRMS A Worst case value Instantaneous aa a SABC Vactla Vec lg W Ssapc Psagc PZage Ssasc 005 Asasc of the individual Vrms Bo Irms phase values DC Bus V Not applicable no result returned le CASE RMS BUS IRMS BUS cycles during the acquired time period VRms ST Irms s Worst case value Instantaneous Vst ls Varla Szrst Psrst P2ast Szrst Cos 85 VRMS RT IRMS R phase values Mechanical Torque Speed Not appl
85. ts Inputs Horizontal Zoom 1phase 2wire 1V1A C1 6 Enable Zoom Gate 60 Hz 500 mdiv Figure 35 DC Bus setup dialog 30 Instruction Manual Mechanical Setup Dialog The Mechanical setup dialog allows you to incorporate outputs from motor torque and shaft angular speed direction position sensors into the MDA Once incorporated these sensor values can be displayed as measurements and detailed waveforms in user defined units of measure N m lb ft RPM radians second etc They can further be used to calculate Mechanical power and for an AC induction motor Slip By doing so you can gain detailed information about overall drive operation and efficiency through the motor output The complete default state dialog is shown below Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Torque Speed amp Angle Sync Horizontal Zoom emnod a S a UTC einog Speed Rotation gie L Analog 0 VDC N m 60 Hz Quadrature Encoder HZ CW CCW degrees ais c BE Enable Zoom Gate C7 Torque w Torque High Torque C1 Pulse R 0 0 mN m 0 0 mN m 1 024e 3 60 Hz 1 00000000 Om EEE 0 0V 0 0V 500 mdiv Figure 36 Mechanical setup dialog There are independent sections for Torque and Speed amp Angle settings Selections for each are Torque Analog 0 Vdc Analog mV v None Speed amp Angle Quadrature Encoder Analog Tachometer Resolver Hall Sensor Pulse
86. ts all shown in the bottom grid A Line Line to Line Neutral conversion is performed and the Numerics table displays data for each of the three phases and the sum total of all three phases with the Harmonic filter off or set to Full Spectrum which indicates that no harmonic filtering should be performed on the data reported in the Numerics table j File Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger Display Cursors Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Normal Reset Undo 4 VANT VL LAM H mara i ER al W NUT TATATA TATATA VAVATAVAVATA V WWW L V WW Bl DC C2 BwL DC 1 BwL DC1M BwL DC1M BwL DC1M BwL DC Timebase 200ms Trigger C1 DC 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 8 0 Vidiv 500 mA div 500 mA div 500 mA div 50 0 ms div Stop 21 2V 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 mV offset 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 0 0 mA ofst 5 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive Numerics Vrms irms P PF Vrilr LL to LN 4275V 1 0159A 1 358 W 4 3427 VA 4 125 VAR 313e3 71 7853 Vsils 19 518 4274V 1 0148A 1 345 W 4 3382 VA 4 124 VAR 310e 3 71 9417 A 3 4 4 303 V 997 4 1 328 W 4 2918 VA 4 081 VAR 309e 3 71 9820 Erst LltolN 4 284 V 1 0094 A 4 030W PATER 12 331 VAR 311e 3 71 9027 Motor Drive Analysis AC Input DC Bus Drive Output Mechanical Numerics Waveforms Stats Wiring Configuration 1 Voltage Inputs Current Inputs Harmonic Filter Horizontal Zoom 3phase 3wire 3V3A C4 a C1 Vrs C4 Ir
87. ut using inputs from a variety of different speed and torque measurement sensors Various conversion efficiencies may also be calculated and displayed The MDA is based on an 8 channel 12 bit acquisition system that uses Teledyne LeCroy s HD4096 technology Up to 1 GHz bandwidth with optional mixed signal MSO and serial trigger decode capabilities is available Standard 50 Mpts ch of acquisition memory up to 250 Mpts ch optional in Single or Normal continuous trigger modes enables capture of long periods of time hundreds or thousands of seconds Traditional mixed signal oscilloscope acquisition and analysis capabilities are included so it can acquire a complete range of serial data digital logic analog sensor microprocessor power supply and other signals to permit complete embedded system and control debug and validation including cross correlation of abnormal drive power system behaviors with embedded and control system behaviors and activities Acquisition sample rates from 1 kS s to 2 5 GS s are provided with acquisition Roll Mode supported up to 5 MS s Sample rates can be set very low for power analysis 1 MS s at higher sample rates suitable for detailed drive analysis 10 to 25 MS s or more or yet higher for embedded control debug up to 2 5 GS s The combination of high sample rates and long acquisition memory permits long captures in systems that combine low speed power and high speed control events ideal for correlatin
88. ve the top and base of the signal then it is advisable to first acquire signals without filtering applied ensure that no overrange conditions are occurring and only then apply filtering to reduce the noise Realistically the highest frequency signal components are not the primary contributors to power measurement accuracy for AC line DC Bus or PWM drive output signals Filtering will eliminate noise from the signal but likely not change the measurement result appreciably unless the noise levels are very high to begin with Deskew Teledyne LeCroy Probes As described in the earlier Deskew section cables probes and other measurement devices introduce a propagation delay from the measurement point back to the input channel of the MDA In general Teledyne LeCroy voltage and current probes introduce propagation delays in the range of 1 to 15 ns and these propagation delays may essentially be ignored for purposes of measuring AC line input or PWM drive output signals and calculating power values Furthermore there is no meaningful inherent propagation delay between MDA input channels either analog or digital as this is accounted for in the MDA signal path design You do not have to adjust for propagation delay between channels Deskew of Teledyne LeCroy probes would be necessary for higher speed signals such as a high frequency drain source voltage and drain current where proper time alignment of the signals is necessary in order to achieve t
89. veform Vertical Scale Settings on the Waveforms Stats dialog e Height div or the arrow buttons adjusts the trace amplitude e Center shifts its horizontal position so it is centered on the grid e Find Scale automatically detects and sets the scale based on waveform mean amplitude e Auto Find Scale checkbox indicates whether a new scale should be found automatically whenever the values change enough to warrant it a scale change Wavetorm Vertical Scale Settings Ims Vtit 598 77993 3 N P 10 0e 3 Find Scale By definition the detailed waveforms don t have horizontal rescale capability and are always locked to the same timebase setting as the original input source traces or to the zoom scale when Zoom Gate is enabled However if desired you can create a zoom trace of the detailed waveform using the standard zoom controls which can be adjusted horizontally Select the detailed waveform by name e g p 2rst from the Motor category on the zoom Select Source pop up dialog shown below These selections automatically change depending on the MP setup Category Source All ACV1in ACV2in Channels Digital V3i Mechin1 Buses Math Mechin2 Mechin3 MechSyncin Memories Irms Vrir Irms Vs ls Irms Vtlt TP11 WaveScan Cancel NOTE When the zoom of the detailed waveform is created the source shown on the zoom descriptor box will appear as TPxx with xx being the MP number 01 12 that corr
90. w is the voltage and current input assignment on the Drive Output dialog for a three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configuration Two columns appear one for Voltage Inputs and one for Current Inputs each with three assignments The input source is shown at the left of each assignment with the voltage or current to which it is assigned shown to the right By default C1 is the source for all voltages and currents To make assignments simply touch or click the source button and from the pop up choose the channel Cx or memory Mx that is the correct source for that voltage or current NOTE Use care when changing from a three phase three wire 3V3A wiring configuration to a three phase three wire 2V2A wiring configuration The input assignments look very similar but the polarity of the CA or TR voltage is now reversed by definition of the two wattmeter method to AC or RT This requires that you physically reconnect the differential voltage probe or Invert the input channel on the channel dialog and swap the selection of inputs to switch the signal polarity and reassign a voltage Failure to do this will result in an incorrect result Harmonic Filter The Drive Output setup dialog contains selections for setting a Harmonic filter on the drive output Harmonic Filter Full Spectrum Fundamental Fundamental N Range Four selections appear e Full Spectrum e Fundamental e Fundamental N e Range 14 Instruct
91. wer or mechanical sections CHOOSING A SYNC SIGNAL Choose the Sync signal so as to obtain the highest amplitude least distorted signal for cyclical determination You may use any measured periodic signal with a time period representing the interval at which cyclic measurements should be performed In general the ideal Sync signal has the following characteristics e Low distortion e g a pure sine wave or very close to it e Constant amplitude e g a constant amplitude current signal during steady state load or constant amplitude PWM drive voltage output e Lownoise e Variation around a zero crossing e g line line voltages or sinusoidal current signals If a signal with the above characteristics is not naturally present in the acquisition then adjust the LPF Cutoff low pass filter and Hysteresis band zero crossing filter settings to improve the 50 zero crossing determination or to reduce the noise and distortion on the signal In the case of severely distorted waveforms e g six step 17 Motor Drive Analyzer Software commutated voltage or current waveforms you will likely find that it is necessary to adjust both See the following sections on LPF Cutoff and Hysteresis for recommendations If no signal has the ideal characteristics described above you can define a math function to use as the Sync signal An example where this might be useful is if the voltage probing was line neutral no variation around a zero crossin
92. ze 48 Instruction Manual Zoom Gate Example In this example a Drive Output is captured and measurement parameters are calculated in the Numerics and Statistics tables and several synthesized per cycle detailed waveforms are created The current signal undergoes a wide dynamic range so It is not necessarily the best Sync signal so the voltage signal is chosen instead and appropriately filtered with a Hysteresis band setting of 500mdiv to avoid bad cyclic calculations Nonetheless the overload condition just before drive shutdown shows a lot of ringing making it difficult to determine cyclic values in this area Q Scape display mode is used to show the full acquisition on the left and the Zoom Gate area on the right Q Scape 5 shown in Dual mode Cursors are placed on the waveforms and values can be read on the descriptor boxes at each cursor location The Statistics table indicates that the Zoom Gate area has a total of 12 measurement cycles you can count the cycles on the Zoomed DrvOutSync waveform The stress on the drive as it reaches overload conditions can be seen in the zoomed voltage and current waveforms The P SumRST and PF SumRST Waveforms show the Power and Power Factor values during the overload and the values are represented in the Statistics table Fie amp Vertical Timebase Pf Trigger Display amp Cursors Measure Math Analysis X Utilities Support Q Dual Flashba Full Acquisition Zoom Gate
93. zontal zoom ratio is changed to encompass nearly half the waveform and the zoom position location is changed to the beginning of the acquisition it can be seen that based on the transparent overlays the Sync signal seems to have a well defined period in both cases Now if the zoom position is changed to the end of the acquisition it can be seen that near the end of the acquisition where the overload condition is occurring the voltage and current signals have different behaviors with identical LPF Cutoff and Hysteresis settings but neither of them achieve a good period determination in this location 25 Motor Drive Analyzer Software Normal File Vertical Timebase Trigger Display Cursors E Measure amp Math Analysis X Utilities amp Support Er C2 fe FBDI FBD1i FBDI co D1 98 2 5 298 73 ELE po 75 ME Fe 0 ACI SHEE Timebase 300ms Trigger c4 DC 8 0V i 2 50 A 2 50 A 2 50 A 8 0V 8 0V 250A 250A 2 50 Aldiv 8 0V 250 200 ms div Stop 4 68 V 0 0 mV k 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 0 0 mA 50 ms 50 ms 50 ms 50 ms 50 0 ms div 50 ms 50 ms 20 MS 10 MS s Edge Positive TELEDYNE LECROY 1 20 2015 7 57 42 AM Figure 29 Changing zoom position changes display of all zoomed waveforms including Sync signals Zoom further to the end of the acquisition and adjusting LPF Cutoff to 160 Hz and Hysteresis to 20 mdiv on both Sync signals shows that the voltage source green trace used in DrvOutSyncZ is the better source A quick review of th

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