BibTeX Tips and FAQ
Contents
1. Q21 How do reference where the citation occurred in the bibliography See the TEX FAQ 7 References from the bibliography to the citation entry 3 3 Internet and Other Special Reference Questions Q22 How do reference internet URLs patents and or standards Some bst files have provisions for these such as IEEEtran bst 22 but standard BIBT X styles do not provide them yet The misc type can be used for internet references with the note field containing the URL The misc type can also be used for patents Nelson Beebe has an example bib file showing how he handled his references of various standards via manual 23 See also Tip 13 Q23 Within the url field how should enter _ amp and other special characters that normally need to be escaped e g _ If you are not using a bibstyle that renders the URLs within a url command in conjunction with a package that provides a url that automatically escapes these special characters then you have to escape these characters as is normally required in ATX or an error will occur However the solution recommended by the vast majority of TeX gurus is to load url sty 14 or hyperref sty version 6 72y 2002 09 12 or later 15 in conjunction with a bibstyle that places the URL within a url command and then not to escape any special characters when entering the url field into the BIBTEX database Note that it is not safe to escape all the special characters and sti2. Q29 How do obtain separate bibliographies for each chapter How do I get multiple bibliographies in my document For separate bibliographies in each chapter or section use Donald Arseneau s chapterbib sty 26 or Thorsten Hansen s bibunits sty 27 For multiple bibliographies not tied to sections there is Thorsten Hansen s multibib sty 28 Stefan Ulrich and Pierre Basso s bibtopic sty 29 and Apostolos Syropoulos multibbl sty 30 For more information see the TEX FAQ 7 Separate bibliographies per chapter and Multiple bibliographies entries Also 8 If you need several indices section may be of interest Q30 How do get bibliography entries inline with the main text See the TEX FAQ 7 Putting bibliography entries in text entry Q31 How do get multiple entries within a single bibliography entry See the TEX FAQ 7 Multiple citations entry 3 5 Bibstyle Design Questions Q32 How can I learn how to make my own bst file What is that strange looking code in the bst files Patrick Daly s custom bib package 16 Tip 14 has an automated bst file builder called makebst Makebst has an amazing ability to create many many different bibliography styles However using it does involve answering about 80 questions some of which the user might not know the proper answer to In cases of unusual bibliography styles which unfortunately there seems to be no shortage of
3. www nongnu org bibulus 53 M Koeppe 2005 Mar cl bibtex Online Available http www nongnu org cl bibtex 54 J M Hufflen 2004 May Mlbibtex Online Available http lifc univ fcomte fr hufflen texts mlbibtex mlbibtex
4. latex contrib multibbl 31 O Patashnik 1988 Feb Designing BipTpX styles btxhak pdf Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc 32 1988 Feb The BIBTFX standard styles Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex distribs styles 33 1993 Nov The BIBT X standard styles source code btxbst doc This is a text file despite its doc suffix Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex distribs doc 34 N Gray 2005 Jun The urlbst package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib urlbst 35 P Lehman 2006 Nov The biblatex package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex exptl biblatex 36 2006 Nov Directory of BrpTpX related software Google Inc Online Available http directory google com Top Computers Software Typesetting TeX BibTeX 37 2006 Nov Directory of BIBTFX related software The Open Directory Project Online Available http dmoz org Computers Software Typesetting TeX BibTeX 38 2004 Dec Metadata object description schema MODS United States Library of Congress Online Available http www loc gov standards mods 39 C Putnam 2005 Oct Bibutils Online Available http www scripps edu cdputnam software bibutils 40 V B Gundersen and Z W Hendriks
5. use an appropriate bibstyle or create one see Tip 14 to generate this One broad principle to remember when entering information into a BIBI PX database is that you should err on the side of including too much information rather than too little Database information can always be omitted according to the BipTpX style file which is often called a bibstyle or bst file to distinguish it from a 4TRX style file but missing information can t be generated 2 Put all of the authors names into the author list That is do not put and others unless you don t actually know their names You never know when you might want to search for one of these other authors name s If you want et al to appear in the reference list instead of all the names use an appropriate bibstyle to generate this or create one see Tip 14 3 Put full stops periods after abbreviated words in journal names If you are required to supply abbreviated journal names without the full stops use a bibstyle to create this Tip 14 4 Special characters are entered as a or a not a This is actually documented in the BIBT X user s manual 4 but it still trips people up For more information see Question 5 5 Design for multiple database files Assume that you will eventually end up with more than one BIBTpX database bib file perhaps with each covering a different subject area You should theref
6. use for such an entry type You might want to have a look at Norman Gray s Urlbst package 34 Urlbst is Perl script that patches existing styles to support a url field and webpage entry type It will work if the bibstyle to be modified does not deviate too far from the way the standard styles are coded According to Oren Patashnik the next release of the standard styles of BIBTEX V1 00 may well feature an entry type for online references Of the possible names internet online and electronic Oren feels 5Niel Kempson wrote the original version 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 16 that electronic is the most likely candidate However some authors of potential rivals of BIBI X may disagree here In particular Philipp Lehman s biblatex 35 uses the entry name online Remember that if a bst file does not recognize an entry name it will result in an error So users of your bst file need to be warned that they might want to keep all their electronic or online entries in a separate bib file to help flag the fact that they can t be used with every bst file Their mere presence in the bib file will not cause an error but if they are ever actually referenced under a bst that does not recognize the type there will be an error Furthermore some bst files already use other names such as webpage or www so you may eventually end up having to rename database entry types and or creating a
7. Author von token However Nicolas Markey points out 5 that this may not be an entirely satisfactory solution if an al phanumeric style is used as the label would be De LaC Another approach would be to use author uppercase td te uppercase l a Cruz Maria which would result in the label DLC However the simplest approach is author D e L a Cruz Maria which works because BIBI px looks only at characters at brace level zero when determining what part a name belongs to Q10 How do I handle the case of a middle or last name that has a part that looks like a von name For example Ithiel de Sola Pool where de Sola is his middle name and should be abbreviated as I de S Pool or Carlos Canudas de Wit where Canudas de Wit is the last name as is common with Spanish names You can use the special character trick to join the names author Pool Ithiel relax de S ola or if using the first name first entry form you have to also hide the lowercase d from BIBT px author Ithiel lowercase D e S ola Pool For the latter case simple braces will suffice to prevent the d from being seen as a von part because BIBTEX looks for the von part only at brace level 0 that is because names entirely in brace level 1 and thus being indeterminate default to the last rather than the von part author Canudas d
8. Metadata Object Description Schema MODS 38 as an intermediate 39 BibTeXML by Vidar Gundersen and Zeger Hendrikse is an XML DTD and schema for BrpTpX conversion to from XML and then from XML to other formats HTML DocBook etc 40 bib2xhtml by Diomidis Spinellis and David Hull is an application that converts BIBTEX bib or BTFX bibliography aux files to X HTML 41 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 20 bibtex2html by Jean Christophe Filliatre and Claude March is an application written in Objective Caml that converts BIBTpX bib files to HTML 42 BibTex XML HTML by Michael Auth and Frank Richter is a system of applications that converts BrpTpX bib files to HTML via XML 43 bib2html by St phane Galland is an application that converts BIBT FX bib files to HTML 44 Kiri s bib2html by Kiri Wagstaff is another application that converts BIBTEX bib files to HTML 45 Q40 What about bbl BIBT X generated bibliography file to HTML conversion Remember bbl files although created by BIBTpX are really BTEX files So these are best handled by applications such as ATRX2HTML 46 TEX4ht 47 and TtH 48 Q41 What alternatives are there to BIBTRX Despite its age and shortcomings with respect to use with languages other than English BIBT X s maturity simplicity and ease of use have helped it remain the primary bibliography generator of choice by most 41x users Some of the more notable alternatives
9. bibtex c and then running make so that the changes persist if make ever is run again Most change files already increase the BIBT X parameters somewhat Note within change files ch the original code is between x and y while the code that replaces it is between the y and Z so you want change the values of the parameters that are between instances of y and z However command options may be needed to obtain the higher capacity e g bibtex8 H myfile Use bibtex8 help to list the possible options 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 19 offending function first case is divided into two smaller functions or removing unneeded functions second case The entry string size error message is caused by an entry field that is too long for BIBT X to handle One workaround is store the long text into a ATX file say longfield tex and then replace the field with input longfield tex instead of the text itself Of course you may have to manually adjust things if BIBTEX is supposed to do case changes or abbreviations within it Note that the 100 bytes indicated by the example error message above is a very low limit most modern BIBTpXs especially those on Unix systems provide a limit much larger than this As covered in the TFX FAQ 7 String too long in BibTeX entry many most bst files use a coding technique in their output routine that uses memory inefficiently These output null functions can be improved by changing th
10. cite 11 P W Daly 2006 Sep The natbib sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib natbib 12 P Williams 1995 Apr The harvard sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib harvard 13 G Paulley 1992 Sep The chicago sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib chicago 14 D Arseneau 2005 Jun The url sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib misc 15 S Rahtz and H Oberdiek 2006 Nov The hyperref sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib hyperref 16 P W Daly 2005 Oct The custom bib package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib custom bib 17 O Patashnik 2003 Jul BrpTpX yesterday today and tomorrow Online Available http www tug org tug2003 abstracts final Patashnik patashnik abstract 18 N H F Beebe 2006 Aug TREX user group bibliography archive Online Available http www math utah edu 8080 pub tex bib index table html 19 F Mittelbach M Goossens J Braams D Carlisle and C Rowley The BTX Companion 2nd ed Harlow England Addison Wesley 2004 20 N Kempson and A Aguilar Sierra 1996 Aug 8 bit BI BT X Online Available http www ctan org tex ar
11. does order the numbers and calculate ranges but it does not fix spacing problems In superscript form it does not move the superscripts to the correct side of any punctuation the way that overcite sty does Some authors prefer to use the first approach to this problem typing the authors names explicitly and defining a citey type command while other authors prefer the second Natbib option Thanks to Jody Klymak for posting some information to the newsgroup comp text tex on December 14 1998 in the thread Do we need a BibTeX FAQ that was used to revise this section 2 3 Internet and Other Special Reference Tips 13 If you must include URLs use Donald Arseneau s url sty to provide good formatting of them Think carefully about references to World Wide Web or other internet based addresses Your readers should be able to follow up the references you give them If they might be reading years after you have written will the URLs you give still exist Will the contents at those addresses still be the same or might someone have modified them If you decide that it is appropriate to supply URLs or e mail addresses or whatever use url sty 14 to control the format of them Recent versions of makebst Tip 14 can produce bibstyles that support a URL field Harvard sty also recognizes a URL field and formats it using the harvardurl command The results are not as good as those produced by url sty However url sty can be used with ha
12. files There are many of them scattered among the various schools and societies use your favorite internet search engine to find those most relevant to your work However Nelson H F Beebe s T X User Group Bibliography Archive stands apart as one of the largest BIBTp X database collections ever assembled 18 Q4 When should I enclose my bib file entry fields with and when should enclose them with and why Functionally it does not matter whether braces or quotes are used to delimit the entire field Some people prefer to use quotes for aesthetic reasons However with the current versions of BIBI PX if you need to use a character within the field then you ll have to enclose the character in braces or use braces as delimiters for the entire field In BIBT X there are no other valid field delimiters besides quotes and braces Q5 am confused about the difference between special characters and the use of braces to protect text from case changes Also when should I shield things with braces The rules that govern all this are simple but confusing BIBT X considers everything within a construct at brace level 0 and only brace level 0 that is the top level of bracing of the field which is not afffected by whether quotes or braces are used to delimit the entire field to be a special character and will treat is though the entire construct is a single character Within special characters control
13. in braces and can t use the BIBT X quote command within a BI BT X macro How do do this Perhaps the best way out of this jam is to use T X s Nm notation for characters So you can do MACRO mar M bfa rz The braces prevent TFX from seeing the a as a hex digit This approach is safe it does not depend on font or character encoding just TRX s fixed internal coding Thanks to Gerd Neugebauer and Daniel Luecking for posting this answer to the newsgroup comp text tex on October 17 2000 in the thread Can a BibTeX MACRO definition include Q37 When running BIBT X get an error message like Sorry you ve exceeded BibTeX s single function space 100 or Sorry you ve exceeded BibTeX s wizard defined function space 3000 or Warning you ve exceeded 100 the entry string size or Warning you ve exceeded 1000 the global string size for entry or Sorry you ve exceeded BibTeX s buffer size 1000 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 18 or Sorry you ve exceeded BibTeX s pool size 65000 How can fix this Early distributions of BIBIf X were bad about problems like these Later versions provide much more memory for processing Probably the best way around this is to upgrade your version of BIBI X for whatever TeX installation you have Alternatively you can recompile the BIBTpX source after enlarging parameters such as wiz_fn_space 3000 in the appropriate places in the s
14. in most modern class files including the standard ones of ATEX 2 the command openbib code occurs at the above mentioned point to provide an external way to switch between open and closed bibliography styles So you could do some commands like makeatletter newcommand adjustmybblparameters setlength itemsep 2 baselineskip setlength parsep Opt let ORIGINALLatex openbib code openbib code renewcommand openbib code ORIGINALlatex openbib code adjustmybblparameters makeatother where itemsep and the other parameters are adjusted as you wish This code should to be placed before the start of the bibliography The above works by redefining Gopenbib code to contain code that alters list parameters in the desired way It will not work with class files that don t use the openbib code and will generate an error if that command has not been defined If you are using the natbib package 11 note that it provides a bibsep length that allows for easy adjustment of the bibliography list spacing Q28 How do get numbers in the references list to appear without the square brackets around them Before the bibliography section insert the following makeatletter renewcommand biblabel 1 hfill 1 makeatother 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 15 and then customize as needed If this does not change the format then the class file has hard coded the label definitions within its definition of thebibliography
15. is to use packages with url commands that are programmed to ignore characters that are immediately followed by a line break Recent versions 6 70s 2000 08 31 and later of the hyperref packages as well as url sty version 1 6 and later have a url command that does this Future versions of BIBI X may allow the bst file to better control the line breaking of their bbl output so as to eliminate this problem altogether 3 4 Bibliography Modification Questions Q26 How do get the bibliography references list into the table of contents The simple answer to this question is to insert the line addcontentsline toc chapter bibname Those of you who are familiar with TFX may wonder why the is not tokenized as a comment character when the ur1 command acquires its argument The answer is that url commands are usually implemented in an argumentless way that allows them to change catcodes as needed just prior to argument scanning 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 14 if you are using book or report class or addcontentsline toc section refname if you are using article class or addcontentsline toc section whatever you want immediately after the line containing begin thebibliography The problem here if you are using BIBTp_X is that this line will occur in the bbl file created by BIBT X not the tex source created by you You can place the addcontentsline line before begin thebibliography but you ve got to
16. it may depending on the bst file change to refer to it via using cite The default value of min crossrefs is usually 2 With current versions 0 99c of BIBT X this cannot be altered from within the bst files So if you don t want the cross referenced entries to appear set min crossrefs to a high value bibtex min crossrefs 9000 myfile Regardless of the value of min crossrefs any entry using a cross referenced entry will inherent any field values that it is missing from the cross referenced entry Users should also be aware that the book entry definition in most bst files use the series field of a cross referenced entry to format the title of the inclusive work but incollection and inbook uses booktitle field to contain the title of the inclusive work Thanks to Matt Swift for posting these clarifications to the newsgroup comp text tex on August 14 15 1998 in the thread BibTeXperts is this a bizarre BibTeX crossref bug Q16 How do get multiple citations within a single bibliography entry as is sometimes done in 3Note to bst file designers entries using cross references will have crossref missing test true if less than min crossref s entries use that cross reference This allows the bst to alter the formats of the entries to cite the extra cross reference that will be present when crossref missing will test false 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 12 physics journals See the TEX FAQ 7 Mul
17. levels of braces do increment the brace level counter Furthermore the second relax is not treated as a special character because it occurs at brace level 1 All characters and control sequences at Li and higher will be protected from case changes Note that in this example the control sequence LaTeX is subject to case changes Thus if the bibstyle set the title to lowercase the resultant latex command would likely generate an error With all this in mind we can look at some practical examples Consider title Secrets of NASA NASA needs to be enclosed in braces because it is an acronym that must remain in uppercase Likewise we usually need to protect math from case changes title The A_ beta Protocol Simple argumentless TFX commands are also easily protected title The LaTeX Book However note that in this case LaTeX will be treated as a special character and so the text LaTeX will not be considered when sorting Thus in cases where the name of the TX command is identical to the text it represents it may be better to use an extra set of braces so that the letters that make up the command will be taken into consideration when sorting title The LaTeX Book Thanks to Nicolas Markey for clarifying this issue 5 Another application of brace shielding is with titles in languages such as German in which title capital ization must be preserved with some words such as nouns and names
18. makebst may not be a suitable substitute for manual programming Often a minor programming modification is all that is needed to bring a style pre existing or made with makebst to acceptability if the current results are close to what you need The original guide to the BIBT FX language which was never named BIBTpX script is as good a name as any is Oren Patashnik s Designing BIBTEX Styles 31 BIBTEX script programming is much like other stack based languages such as PostScript and Forth Nicolas Markey s Tame the BeaST The B to X of BiBT X 5 has a section with an excellent tutorial on bst files and the BIBT X language It can be helpful to study an existing bst file to see how it works The standard BIBTpX style files such as unsrt plain 32 for the original source file with comments see 33 are perhaps easier to understand than the more complex code produced by makebst Makebst s automated production code can also be more difficult to follow than if it had been manually ordered by a person However the makebst produced styles may have features that you need such as URL fields examples of which are currently lacking in the standard styles Also the IEEEtran bst source code 9 is commented and demonstrates the implementation of a number of advanced features Q33 am designing modifying a bst file to provide an entry type for internet references Are there any tools to help Which name should
19. place because it will not get overwritten if the system is later upgraded Unix users will need to have root access to be able to add things here You can also modify the BSTINPUTS and BIBINPUTS environment variables Unix or the Input Dirs path in the bibtex section of the miktex ini configuration file MiKT X to alter the BiBTpX search paths Note that some most TRX systems require that the directory lookup hash tables be refreshed before files added to the lt texmf gt tree are recognized teT FX and fpTFX users should run texhash as root MiK TX users can run initexmf u Q15 When I use cross references BIBT X inserts the cross referenced entry into the bibliography list How do control this feature For instance want to use the cross reference facility to allow me to make parent entries so that will not have to retype the same information all the time in the child entries that inherent from them via crossref fields but don t want to have the parents appear in the bibliography and want the child entries to be formatted the same way as they are when not using crossrref i e no cite or otherwise altered formatting in them This is controlled by the min crossrefs option on the BIBIFX command line When a number of entries equal to or greater than min crossrefs uses a cross reference that cross reference is given an entry of its own and the format of the entries that reference
20. BIBTFX Tips and FAQ Michael Shell David Hoadley January 2007 Version 1 1 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Helpful Tips 2 2 1 General Usage TipS a6 ew oo ew Rw Se ee ee amp naaa kao a we Os 2 Se AOLO aar eee aaa aae a Oe Ree eee eee 3 2 3 Internet and Other Special Reference Tips 2 a e e a a a a 5 24 Bible Desen TIDS gt s erered asa daa aaa een eae ed 6 3 Frequently Asked Questions 6 3 1 General Usage Questions 1 oaoa a 6 Oo gam Questions na ee ERE EEE EER ER EHR E REE EH EERE eS eHEE ESSE 12 3 3 Internet and Other Special Reference Questions soa oo a e a e a e 12 3 4 Bibliography Modification Questions soosoo 4 wad ake Ree ee eS Ow ee ew 13 3 5 Bibstyle Design Questions 4c ese aa een awe de hdw hh ee ed wsaw se RE wd 15 3 6 Software Application Questions 2 ib kk eee eee ee eee wee eee we eEeEHEESES 19 Acknowledgments 20 References 21 1 Introduction BI BTFX and its interaction with BTFX especially the primary BTFX 2 3 and BIBTEX documen tation 4 2 Appendix B Nicolas Markey s comprehensive Tame the BeaST The B to X of BiBTeX 5 is a most excellent tutorial on BIBTEX Ki Joo Kim s A BibTRX Guide via Examples 6 may also be of help Furthermore Robin Fairbairns TEX FAQ 7 has several entries of issues related to BIBT X bib liographies and citations Finally Helge Kreutzmann s How to Efficiently Use BiBTpX is worthy of mention 8 T HIS document should be co
21. chive biblio bibtex 8 bit 21 D Arseneau 2000 Jul The notoccite sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib misc 22 M Shell 2007 Jan The IEEEtran cls package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib TEEEtran 23 N H F Beebe 2003 Mar References of standards Online Available http www math utah edu pub tex bib standard html REFERENCES 22 24 V C Neto 2006 Aug The breakurl sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib breakurl 25 P R Wilson 2004 May The tocbibind sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib tocbibind 26 D Arseneau 2004 Mar The chapterbib sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib cite 27 T Hansen 2004 May The bibunits sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib bibunits 28 2004 Jan The multibib sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib multibib 29 S Ulrich and P Basso 2006 Sep The bibtopic sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib bibtopic 30 A Syropoulos 2004 Jul The multibbl sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros
22. e 2005 May BibTeXML Online Available http bibtexml sourceforge net 41 D Spinellis and D Hull 2006 Mar bib2xhtml Online Available http www spinellis gr sw textproc bib2xhtml 42 J C Filliatre and C March 2006 Nov bibtex2html Online Available http www lri fr filliatr bibtex2html index en html 43 M Auth and F M Richter 2006 Jun The BibTeX XML HTML bibliography project Online Available http www authopilot com xml home htm 44 S Galland 2006 Oct bib2html Online Available http www arakhne org rubrique php3 id_ rubrique 19 45 K Wagstaff 2003 Nov Kiri s bib2html Online Available http www litech org wkiri bib2html 46 N Drakos 2004 Oct BTEX2HTML Online Available http www latex2html org 47 E M Gurari 2006 Nov T X4ht Online Available http www cse ohio state edu gurari TeX 4ht REFERENCES 23 48 I Hutchinson 2006 Aug TtH Online Available http hutchinson belmont ma us tth 49 M Downes and D M Jones 2004 Jun The amsrefs package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex required amslatex amsrefs 50 2005 Jul Bibtex ENST Bretagne Online Available https info enstb org projets bibtex 51 P Flynn 2004 Apr Bibliox Online Available http www silmaril ie bibliox 52 T M Widman 2004 May Bibulus Online Available http
23. e Wit Carlos However to prevent the de from appearing in the labels of alphanumeric styles you can use author Canudas de Wit Carlos or author Canudas de Wit Carlos The same approach can be used for multiple last name von like parts author Gomez de la Serna Ramon However to prevent the de la from appearing in the labels of alphanumeric styles you can use author Gomez de la Serna Ramon or join them all together in brace level 1 author Gomez de la Serna Ramon Be aware that if you omit the braces the mistake may not be visible when using bibstyles that place the von just before the last part because when using the von last first format BIBI X will consider everything up through the last von part to be the von part in this case Gomez de la Assuming that the bibstyle uses the von part when constructing the label as is usually the case As Markey mentioned perhaps doing so is not the correct thing to do 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 10 Thanks to Nicolas Markey for posting these solutions to the newsgroup comp text tex on February 22 2002 in the thread BibTeX von in middle name and on March 26 2002 in the thread Strange Citation BibTeX question See also the November 1 2004 comp text tex thread More about bibtex formatting of compound surnames the November 27 1999 comp text tex thread bibTeX firs
24. e first line and deleting the last That is this form FUNCTION output nonnull s S can be changed to this FUNCTION output nonnull swap Sometimes the increase in memory efficiency is enough to stop the problem The global string size error is similar to the entry string size except that it applies to the length of internal string work variables within the bst file The buffer size error means that an input line or field exceeded the size of the input read buffer This can occur in older versions of BIBTEX when reading a bib file that does not use Unix newline characters Finally the pool size error means that BIBTFX ran out of total string space This can occur with very large bibliographies Make sure that you do not have a mistake in your database entries especially misplaced omitted extra braces semicolons or commas as these can sometimes trigger errors like the above 3 6 Software Application Questions Q38 What kinds of BiBT X related software applications database managers etc are there There are too many to name here but you can find current lists of BIBT X tools at Google 36 and The Open Directory Project 37 Q39 What kinds of tools are there for converting between BIBT X and other formats Some of the more notable ones include Bibutils by Chris Putnam is a set of tools for converting between BIBT FX and other formats using the Library of Congress s
25. eference them it is better to put them in a separate file Then you need not be worried about using any database access software that might sort or re order your database entries 8 Use the form bibliography jrnl names other database s cross entries This ensures that all strings are defined first and that all the cross referenced entries appear after any entries that reference them The selection of full or abbreviated titles is just a matter of selecting the appropriate files for this list With this method the abbreviation of titles does not need to be coupled to the abbreviation of authors names to initials the way standard bibstyle abbrv bst works so you will have much more flexibility 2 2 Citation Tips One of the aims of BTFX is to enable the author to think about the structure of a piece of writing rather than its visual appearance This principle should also apply to citations one should be able to write without considering the citation format until later Unfortunately this is not always possible Indeed one of the reasons for Patashnik s dislike of author date referencing is that it affects one s writing style encouraging vagueness and a passive voice 4 section 4 However if you have to use author date referencing it might be worthwhile to try to structure your work so that the citation format can be easily changed at will The following points relate to the appearance of the citations in the tex
26. encing it would be newcommand citey citeyearpar natbib or newcommand citey citeyear The second approach to this problem is to use a style that can supply authors names integrated into the text even when using numerical referencing Patrick Daly s natbib sty can do this Natbib is very flexible in terms of citation style and it offers many forms of citation commands to choose from In numerical mode the standard cite command produces a normal numeric reference However in author date mode it does not produce a standard reference but instead places the author s name outside the parentheses For example the standard cite command will produce the following when using natbib The phase coordinate representation 18 requires The phase coordinate representation Laughton 1968 requires which is not what is desirable for transparent switching between numerical and author date referencing styles To get a reference with the authors names in the text in both numerical and author date referencing modes the citet command is provided Page references can be accomplished by using citet s second optional argument e g citet p 35 soft laughton68 the opposite view is taken by Laughton 18 p 35 the opposite view is taken by Laughton 1968 p 35 It should also be mentioned that natbib sty does not provide all of the functionality of cite sty or overcite sty in numerical mode It
27. g with the bib databases and then writing out the bibliography BTFX code to the bbl file for later importation by the tex file during the next BPTEX run But writing out TFX code is not an easy thing to do especially when one does not interpret it and therefore does not know what it means as it is being written BI BT X has to break lines every now and then to keep the lines of the bbl BTEX bibliography code to a reasonable length Normally BIBTEX breaks at spaces However URLs can have long lengths of characters with no spaces In such cases BIBT X will break between characters But this poses a new danger If BIBT X does not shield the end of line break point with a TEX will add an unwanted space So BIBTFX places a before the break point For example a bbl file might contain something like url http www bibtex org topfiledirectory middlefiledirectory y lowerfiledirectory bottomfiledirectory Now ordinarily TEX would ignore that But is a valid URL character and within the url command argument it will be considered as being part of your URL and show up in the bibliography You can get around this problem by putting your URLs within ATX macros such as those obtained by using url sty s urldef command But this is a pain for more than a few URLs Manually editing the bbl to remove the offending characters or using scripts that do it for you are also possible options The best and easiest approach
28. haracter sequence author S relax Yu Epifanov and A A Vigasin this example borrows the names from the example in the TFX FAQ and thus avoiding the need to store the multiletter initial in an external BT X macro which would have to be declared using the BIBT X s pre mable mechanism Q8 How do handle the case of compound last names For example Karen Sparck Jones where the last name is Sparck Jones There are two approaches The first is to use the last first entry format author Sp a rck Jones Karen The second approach is to use braces to hide the spaces between the names author Karen Sp a rck J ones or author Karen Sp a rck J ones The braces around the J serve to protect it from case changes Thanks to Tristan Miller David Eppstein and Donald Arseneau for posting this solution to the newsgroup comp text tex on October 29 2004 in the thread BibTeX accents AND compound names Bug Q9 How do handle the case of a von part that is capitalized For example Maria De La Cruz You have to hide the capitals from BIBT X 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 9 author Maria uppercase d e La Cruz Thus BIBT X will see the de La as the von part and BT X via uppercase will restore the D Thanks to Sven Bovin for posting this solution from 19 to the newsgroup comp text tex on June 29 2001 in the thread BibTeX
29. imum size of a global string variable must be lt buf_size max_fields 17250 Maximum number of fields entries x fields about 23 x max_cites for consistency lit_stk_size 100 Maximum number of literal functions on the stack hash_size 5000 Must be gt max_strings and gt hash_prime hash_prime 4253 A prime number about 85 of hash size gt 128 and lt 214 2 file_name_size 40 File names shouldn t be longer than this max_glob_strs 10 Maximum number of global string variable names Some versions of BIBTEX have been patched to allow for the memory limits to be changed via the contents of a bibtexmemory config file without having to recompile but unfortunately such systems don t seem to be very common There is also a version of BIBTEX with a much larger capacity 8 bit BIBIFX was written by Niel Kempson and Alejandro Aguilar Sierra 20 On many systems with 8 bit BiBTmX Mik Tpx the executable is called pibtexs The first two error messages indicate that BIBT X ran out of memory when running the bst script because a function definition first case or all the function definitions second case in the bst file consumed too much memory It may be possible to fix these problems by altering the bst file so that the single large SIf you are changing the source it might be best to make the changes in the source change file e g bibtex ch rather than the source files created using it e g
30. include amsrefs by Michael Downes and David M Jones is a BIBT X like implementation in BIEX which can be used with BIBT X or to replace it 49 biblatex by Philipp Lehman is a recent and at the time of this writing still in beta development and powerful reimplementation of the bibliographic facilities provided by BTEX 35 BIBT X is used only to sort the bibliography and generate labels The formatting of the bibliography is controlled by TX macros BibTeX a project from ENST Bretagne University is a BIBTpX replacement written in Java 50 BiblioX by Peter Flynn is an XML based system for formatting bibliographic citations and refer ences using XSLT 51 Bibulus by Thomas M Widman is an XML based BiBTpX replacement which is written in Perl 52 cl BibTeX by Matthias Koeppe is a BIBT X replacement implemented in Common Lisp 53 MIBibTeX by Jean Michel Hufflen is a new implementation of BIBTpPX originally written in Scheme but now in C with multilingual features and which uses a new bibstyle language that is close to XSLT 54 That s all folks Best wishes mds Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Oren Patashnik for his help in answering questions about the operation of BIB FX as well as taking the time to review this document and providing additional material Robin Fairbairns TEX FAQ helped with identifying which issues BIBT X users most often encountered as well as their proper
31. le There is usually no excuse for doing things like month Sept to compensate for bst files that do not format their month names correctly because such things are easy to manually fix within the bst file Just find the month macro definitions MACRO sep Sep and correct them as needed If you should need a multiple month you can still build one using the BIBTFX concatenation operator in conjunction with the month name macros month jun jul However the edition field poses a bit of a challenge The BIBTFX standard way of specifying edition numbers is to use ordinal words with capital first letters such as First Second Third and so forth The problem is that some bibliography styles use words for edition numbers while others use numerical values e g First Ist 1 etc Converting between these forms is currently non trivial because the algorithms and lookup tables required for such conversions can become quite complex Bibstyle files made with recent versions of makebst use an algorithm that will convert edition numbers as needed up to about the fifth After that they will fallback and use the form as it is given in the edition field But when converting between the Arabic numeral e g 17 and Arabic ordinal e g 17th forms which is a much easier task they are usually smart enough to handle any number So with this in mind it might be a g
32. liases in other bst files Sigh Q34 How can modify a bst file so that it will handle an electronic online etc entry type that it currently does not understand The easiest solution is to create aliases with the desired names that refer to an existing type that is most compatible The misc entry type is often the most appropriate This can be done by placing commands in the bst file such as FUNCTION online misc FUNCTION internet misc FUNCTION www misc FUNCTION webpage misc FUNCTION electronic misc A good place is around the same place the bst file defines FUNCTION default type misc Of course you won t get anything other than misc type formatting but the results might be quite usable if the bst file supports the url field adding this latter capability is more difficult The same trick can be used to provide aliases for existing electronic online entry types FUNCTION online webpage Q35 need to have BiBT X format the abbreviated names with no space between the initials However when formatting like this BIBT X no longer places a hyphen between the initials of the hyphenated names How can overcome this and have both capabilities This is a known problem Briefly when using a format name string like f vv7 11l jj Jean Pierre Talpin will be formatted as J P Talpin when J P Talpin is desired The only known workaround is to m
33. ll use url sty and or hyperref sty For example under the url1 command from url sty url http one two 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 13 will result in http one two complete with backslash even though valid URLs can not contain back slashes Similarly under the url command of hyperref sty url http one amp two will result in http one amp two Thanks to Robin Fairbairns and Donald Arseneau for helping the authors to better understand this issue Q24 My URLs don t want to break which results in badly formatted entries accompanied by under overfull hbox warnings What can do to fix this Properly breaking URLs is a non trivial matter The url sty package 14 will help out a lot and it may be all you need However even it can sometimes benefit from a little assistance configuration Url sty s config uration can be altered via the Ur1Breaks Ur1BigBreaks etc commands to allow for more breakpoints See the url sty documentation in the url sty source code for details This issue can also arise when using hyperref sty 15 under DVI but not PDF from pdfl4TRX output One good workaround for this is to use Vilar Camara Neto s breakurl sty 24 package which is designed to be loaded after hyperref sty to provide a breakable hyperlinked url command under DVI output Q25 am getting unwanted signs in my URLs Why How do stop this BIBIFX works by scanning the aux file of your document alon
34. nsidered as a supplement to the other sources of information about See http www michaelshell org for current contact information Manuscript created on January 10 2007 based on a post by David Hoadley on December 15 1998 in the thread Do we need a BibTeX FAQ in the newsgroup comp text tex The latest version of this document can be obtained on CTAN 1 This work is distributed under the ATEX Project Public License LPPL http www latex project org version 1 3 A copy of the LPPL version 1 3 is included in the base AT X documentation of all distributions of ATEX released 2003 12 01 or later The opinions expressed here are entirely that of the authors No warranty is expressed or implied User assumes all risk 2 HELPFUL TIPS 2 Below is a compilation of helpful practical tips and answers to frequently asked questions primarily con cerning the use and operation of BIBTEX but with some related issues on bibliographies and citation as well It should be noted that some of the advice given here is opinion and should not be taken as unbreakable rules Nevertheless by following the tips here you may be able to avoid some of the problems that many BIBIFX users often later confront as they use BIBT PX and related tools in increasingly advanced ways 2 Helpful Tips 2 1 General Usage Tips 1 Put the authors full names and other information into database whenever you can If you want only initials in the reference list
35. odify the bst file so that each part of the name is formatted separately all spaces are manually removed from the first name part and then the parts are joined back together The code to do this looks like STRINGS z FUNCTION remove spaces 1 22 z empty not z 1 1 substring z 2 global max substring z duplicate pop duplicate pop 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 17 if if while INTEGERS nameptr namesleft numnames FUNCTION forname format string e a FUNCTION surname format string vv 11 FUNCTION jnrname format string E jj FUNCTION format names s 1 nameptr S num names numnames numnames namesleft namesleft 0 gt s nameptr forname format string format name remove spaces duplicate empty skip if s nameptr surname format string format name S nameptr jnrname format string format name ae Obviously this code will have to be adjusted to the specific name format desired and bst file used Thanks to Philip G Ratcliffe for posting this solution to the newsgroup comp text tex on June 28 2002 in the thread BiBTeX bst hackers format name please help Q36 want to make bst file with a macro that contains an umlaut accent For instance need a macro for March in German Marz MACRO mar M arz will not work because BIBTpX sees the quote as a delimiter even if shielded
36. ood idea to use First Second all the way up to Fifth and then use the form of the bibstyle that you use most often for editions after Fifth 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 11 edition 17th One way around this problem might be to have bst files provide an secondary edition field so that the user can specify one or both the ordinal word and Arabic numeral forms Then the bst files can choose which to work with based on the information that has been given this pushes the tough part of the conversion into human space the database author However such extensions are considered to be non standard as well as awkward Another superior approach would be to have an algorithm within the bst files that is clever enough to accept either the ordinal word or Arabic numeral forms or even just the Arabic numeral form and then to convert as needed Finally numbers like the year often do not need delimiters but it might be a good idea to use them anyway as they will be needed of the year field ever contains non numeric characters year 2002 2003 Q14 Where am I supposed to put my bst and bib files if want them to be accessible system wide The standard place for these is in the bst and bib subdirectories of lt texmf gt bibtex where lt texmf gt is the top level directory of your TEX METAFONT installation The local tree lt texmf local gt which may be called localtexmf is perhaps an even better
37. ore ensure that the key you choose for each item contains a part that identifies the file so that there is no chance of ambiguous or duplicated keys when using multiple database files simultaneously For example say you have some electrical engineering references in file elec bib that are of the form a rticle elec smith91 and have some software ones in file soft bib that are of the form article soft smith91 assuming these are two different articles probably by different Smiths Don t put the same reference in more than one file It may be a good idea to use a unique private id prefix such as MY_ to help prevent namespace clashes with publicly released databases produced by others 6 Put your usual journal names into Q string definitions in a separate bib file The standard bibstyles plain abbrv unsrt alpha do contain some journal names all computing related This is not really a sensible place because bibstyles are intended to set the format for the publication you are Note that it is the convention of this document not to hyphenate command or file names and to display them in typewriter font Within such constructs spaces are not implied at a line break and will be explicitly carried into the beginning of the next line 2 HELPFUL TIPS 3 contributing to not keeping a complete list of the publications you read and cite from But if you want the ability to choose full or abbreviated titles you must go one s
38. ource files Here is a list of compile time parameters and their default values meanings and or limits The default values shown are for the original release of BIBI X Current versions typically use larger defaults Data obtained from page 5 of The BIBTpX Preprocessor btxsrc pdf by Oren Patashnik May 28 2002 buf_size 1000 Maximum number of characters in an input line or string min_print_line 3 Minimum bb1 line length must be gt 3 max_print_line 79 Maximum bb1 line length must be gt min_print_line and lt buf_size aux_stack_size 20 Maximum number of simultaneous open aux files max_bib_files 20 Maximum number of bib files allowed pool_size 65000 Maximum number of characters in strings max_strings 4000 Maximum number of strings including pre defined must be lt hash_size max_cites 750 Maximum number of distinct cite keys Must be lt max_strings min_crossrefs 2 Minimum number of cross refs required for automatic citation list inclusion wiz_fn_space 3000 Maximum amount of wiz defined function space single_fn_space 100 Maximum amount for a single wiz defined function max_ent_ints 3000 Maximum number of entry integer variables entries x entry integer variables max_ent_strs 3000 Maximum number of entry string variables entries x entry string variables ent_str_size 100 Maximum size of an entry string variable must be lt buf_size glob_str_size 1000 Max
39. port it Otherwise use makebst Tip 14 to generate a suitable bibstyle that can then be used with natbib sty or harvard sty Natbib is the most recent powerful and widely used author date citation package 11 Harvard sty 12 is also commonly used and respected although potential users should be warned that it was last updated in 1995 There may be limitations and problems when using author date packages older than these For instance if you are also using chapterbib sty harvard sty works without alteration but chicago sty 13 must be modified according to the instructions in chapterbib sty If you must use an older author date package you might still want to use makebst to create a modern bibstyle that is superior to the original For example chicago bst does not handle cross references from inproceedings entries to proceedings entries correctly but its makebst equivalent does Don t bother with authordatel 4 sty because these have been vastly superseded by the more recent and or powerful packages such as natbib sty harvard sty etc 12 Writing for both numerical and author date referencing styles In principle you should write so that you can change the referencing style when required without re writing everything A standard citation presents no problems The phase coordinate representation 18 requires The phase coordinate representation Laughton 1968 requires A standard cite command will produce whicheve
40. r of these is determined by the style bibstyle combination But problems can arise when the authors names are integrated into the text Laughton 18 developed the theory Laughton 1968 developed the theory The author date styles provide a means of generating both the authors names and the date in this form using variations of the cite command but the standard numerical styles do not There are two approaches to getting around this problem when writing for both styles One is not to use the facilities of author date styles for supplying the names but to type the names into the text explicitly just as you would have done if using only the numeric form of citation This means you must check the consistency and spelling of the authors names yourself Following the authors names must be a citation command that if using numerical referencing will generate a reference number in the usual way but if using author date referencing will generate only a date not a full reference The first requires a cite command the second a citeyear command from natbib sty harvard sty chicago sty etc Natbib also has a separate citeyearpar command to get the year within parentheses This can be done by defining a new command say citey and using that Laughton citey soft laughton68 developed the theory For numerical referencing you would define it as 2 HELPFUL TIPS 5 newcommand citey cite and for author date refer
41. rvard sty To do so place renewcommand harvardurl URL url in your document preamble somewhere after loading harvard sty If you are using a bibstyle that does not recognize the URL field you ll have to place url your URL string into the note field or make a new bibstyle with makebst The recent version of hyperref sty also provides a good url command 15 Also see Section 3 3 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 6 2 4 Bibstyle Design Tips 14 Use Patrick Daly s makebst package to create custom bst styles Not only can you make bibstyles to order but makebst created versions of the standard bibstyles are often better than the originals Your bibstyles can strip periods from journal names Tip 3 or generate limited author lists followed by et al Tip 2 and many many other variations Makebst is part of the custom bib package 16 3 Frequently Asked Questions 3 1 General Usage Questions Q1 Where do go for support for BIBT X opbibtex cs stanford edu no longer works Instead post your question to the Usenet group comp text tex Q2 When will the next version of BIBTEX e g BIBT X 1 00 be released When Oren is finished with it In the meantime the above tips should be enough to get BIBTEX 0 99c to serve as needed The slides from Oren s 2003 TUG talk on the future of BiIBTpX are available online 17 for those of you who are interested Q3 Where can find collections of BIiBTp X database
42. s now considered to be part of a special character and so it may be case changed just like the second s0 in the example before Therefore we need to employ an additional set of braces to get the cite command and its argument to brace level s greater than zero note Volume 2 is listed under K nuth cite TEX book so as to ensure everything will work regardless of what the bibstyle does to the note field It is usually a good idea to let the bst file convert format the fields as it sees fit so don t force things with extra braces unless you have to Future versions of BIBI X may be more intelligent with respect to case changing and thus may require fewer manual interventions with braces Special thanks to Oren Patashnik for contributing much material to this answer Q6 Where can get more information about the entry and formatting of names with BIBT X There is an excellent summary of this topic in Nicolas Markey s Tame the BeaST The B to X of BiBTpX 5 in the section titled The author field Q7 How do handle the case of multiletter initials in author names transcribed initials This is covered in the TREX FAQ 7 Transcribed initials in BIBT X entry However a bit of reiteration here may be of help The solution is to use BIBTp X s special character mechanism so that the multiple letters will be treated as a single character relax can be employed to get the needed BIBTp X special c
43. sequences I4TeX commands will be preserved as is but all other text may be case changed or otherwise processed as needed Furthermore within special characters additional levels of braces do not increment the brace level On the other hand constructs at brace level 0 the key here is that a does not immediately follow the opening brace if so it would make it a special character do increment the brace level as well as do nested braces within them All text and control sequences at brace level 1 or higher is protected from case changes or other processing It is perhaps easier to understand from an example Consider title LO relax SO SO SO LO L1 relax L2 L3 Li LaTeX LO 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 7 where Lx indicates brace level x and Sx indicates a part of a special character at brace level x Again nothing would change here if braces had been used to delimit the entire field instead of quotes The three SO s are all considered to be part of the same special character because they are all within a construct at brace level 0 Text at SO may be case changed but the relax as well as other control sequences in SO will not be changed Note that the additional nested braces within the special character do not increment the brace level Thus there is no such thing as S1 or higher The first L1 is at brace level 1 because it isa and not a special character Note that in this case additional
44. solutions Finally Donald Arseneau helped us to better understand the intricacies of URL handling in A TRX REFERENCES 21 References 1 M Shell and D Hoadley 2007 Jan BIBT X tips and FAQ btxFAQ pdf Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc 2 L A Lamport PTX A Document Preparation System 2nd ed Harlow England Addison Wesley 1994 3 H Kopka and P W Daly Guide to BTpXx 4th ed Harlow England Addison Wesley 2003 4 O Patashnik 1988 Feb B BT FXing btxdoc pdf Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc 5 N Markey 2005 Oct Tame the beast the b to x of BrBTpX Online Available http tug ctan org tex archive info bibtex tamethebeast 6 K J Kim 2004 Apr A BIBT X guide via examples bibtex_guide pdf Online Available http www geocities com kijoo2000 I7 R Fairbairns 2007 Jan The T X FAQ Online Available http www tex ac uk cgi bin texfaq2html 8 H Kreutzmann 2005 Aug How to efficiently use B BT X Online Available http www itp uni hannover de kreutzm en doc_ bibtex html 9 M Shell 2007 Jan The IEEEtran BriBpTpX style Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib TEEEtran bibtex 10 D Arseneau 2006 Sep The cite sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib
45. t and to writing for numerical and or author date referencing styles 9 Place cite commands ahead of any punctuation like commas or full stops periods not just after them This applies even if you are intending to use superscripts for your references despite the fact that super scripts should appear after such punctuation Tip 10 10 Use Donald Arseneau s cite sty or overcite sty 10 If you are using a numerical referencing style the standard form obtain and use one of these packages 2 HELPFUL TIPS 4 Cite sty and overcite sty both order index numbers and replace consecutive numbers with a range e g 7 9 5 6 4 3 becomes 3 7 9 They also allow you to customize the punctuation and spacing of the cita tion numbers Cite sty will fix up any spacing problems and overcite sty will place superscripts after any punctuation which is the correct behavior even when you have followed Tip 9 Note that as of version 4 0 2003 05 27 cite sty contains all the functionality of overcite sty To invoke overcite mode simply load cite sty with its superscript package option 11 Use Patrick Daly s natbib sty or Peter Williams harvard sty etc for author date references If you use an author date style of citations your choice of style will probably be dictated by the publications you write for If there is an existing bibstyle that exactly suits your needs use it in conjunction with the most recent author date package s that sup
46. t name last name von last name and How to get lowercase letters in the Last in 5 Q11 How about names that do not have a space between the von and last parts e g Jean d Ormesson Just insert a relax to gobble up the space author d relax Ormesson Jean Thanks to Nicolas Markey for answering this in 5 Q12 BIBT X is not correctly sorting names with letters such as etc How can fix this On systems such as Mik TpxX that have 8 bit BIBTFX 20 the executable is called bibtex8 you can use the c or csfile option to specify a code page and sorting order file There is a code page for Scandinavian 88591sca csf Thanks to Piet van Oostrum for posting this solution to the newsgroup comp text tex on June 13 2006 in the thread BiBTeX doesn t get the alphabet right Alternatively you can provide a sort key but it can be tricky to produce one that places names after all those that begin with Z key Zzzname Thanks to Sara Larson for posting this solution to the newsgroup comp text tex on January 26 1998 in the thread BibTeX Q13 Should use words or numerals for the month edition etc fields and why You should always use the three letter month macros undelimited for the name of the month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec as this lets each bst file format the month names as is required for that bibliography sty
47. tep further and create two files For example in one file say jrnlfull bib you might have string ieee pas IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems and in the other say jrnlabbr bib string ieee pas IEEE Trans Power App Syst and many other entries Note that both have the same id strings To select full or abbreviated titles you can place the appropriate file first into the bibliography list Tip 8 IEEE authors should take note that almost all IEEE journal name definitions both full and abbreviated are included with the IEEEtran bibstyle package 9 Users should avoid re defining journal name strings that are covered by existing official string definition files already in public distribution Furthermore take care to use id strings that are unlikely to clash with those provided by official files from other users ieee pas in the previous example is a poor choice in this regard As with database entry keys using a unique private id prefix such as MY_ will help to prevent problems with such namespace clashes 7 Create separate files for cross referenced entries Typically this will be for conferences proceedings or books Again you may wish to create two string definition files one with full and one with abbreviated titles if the titles in the cross referenced entries are not all handled by your existing string definition files Because cross referenced entries must appear after entries that r
48. tiple citations entry Q17 What kinds of support and bibstyles are there for languages other than English See the TEX FAQ 7 Non english bibliographies entry 3 2 Citation Questions Q18 When I put cite commands in the captions of figures or tables or in section headings under a numerical style the citation order gets corrupted resulting in the real first reference not being labeled as 1 Why does this happen and how can fix it The problem stems from the fact that the citations get moved into the List of Figures Tables or Table of Contents where they become numbered as the first citations The solution is to load Donald Arseneau s notoccite sty package 21 Q19 Why do get errors when I put cite commands in the captions of figures or tables You are using a version of BTFX that is older than December 1995 You might even be still using ETRX 2 09 Some class files can have this problem too The best thing to do is to update your BTFX or class file but you can get around the problem by preceding the cite command with protect Q20 am having trouble getting cite sty to work with hyperref sty What can I do At present 2007 these two packages will not work perfectly together Recent versions 4 0 and later of cite sty will work with hyperref sty in that you can load both and still get sorted and compressed citation lists However they will not be hyperlinked Future versions of cite sty may fix this
49. title M essung von S t o rfeldern an A nlagen und L eitungen der T elekommunikation im F requenzbereich 9 kHz bis 3 GHz Note that o is treated as a special character and the o is not protected against case changes However the first letter of the nouns are protected because they are at brace level 1 Things get a bit more complicated when a BIFX command has an argument The correct approach depends on whether the argument needs to be protected from case changes Consider note Volume 2 is listed under Knuth cite TEX book if the bibstyle changes the note field to lowercase we will get volume 2 is listed under knuth cite TEX book so we will likely want to enclose first letter of Knuth s last name in braces Furthermore if we had an unusual bibstyle that rendered the note field in uppercase we would get VOLUME 2 IS LISTED UNDER KNUTH CITE TEX book which would result in an error when the nonexistent CITE is executed We might be tempted to try something like this note Volume 2 is listed under Knuth cite TEX book but this won t work because the extra braces around the cite command will prevent it from seeing its argument 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 8 VOLUME 2 IS LISTED UNDER KNUTH cite TEX book Instead we might try something like this note Volume 2 is listed under K nuth cite TEX book However this is not safe either because the cite key TEX book i
50. watch out if the bibliography starts on a new page causing the table of contents entry to point to the page just prior to where the bibliography actually starts Under such circumstances a quick hack is to add a clearpage or cleardoublepage just prior to the addcontentsline The better solution requires modifying the document class file to redefine the thebibliography environ ment so as to include an addcontentsline Another related approach is to place the addcontentsline within the openbib code macro Question 27 Last but certainly not least there is Peter Wilson s tocbibind sty package 25 that is designed just for this purpose However be forewarned that tocbidind sty may not work with every ETpX class file it will of course work with the standard article report book and proc classes Q27 How do alter the spacing between items in the references list The bibliography environment depends on the list environment for formatting With list one can control the separation between the items by altering the values of itemsep parsep etc The problem is how to insert commands like these into the bibliography environment One possible approach is to redefine thebibliography by making a copy of the one in the class file you are using and insert the needed commands into the second argument of the list within it to make a hacked version that will do what you want Another approach is to take advantage of the fact that
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search