Hardness Testing Instruments
Contents
1. MODEL FH 9 19 Brinell e As Model FH 9 18 but with extra large frame e 450 mm workpiece height 250 mm throat depth MODEL FH 9 20 Brinell e As Model FH 9 19 but with motorised turret and auto focus hence fully automatic Supplied as Standard With e Analogue measuring microscope with 20x analog UC series V anvil 980 mm 3 1496 Large flat anvil 2200 mm 7 87401 Fuse 2A 3 pcs RS 232 data output Adjustable feet 4 pcs Certificate Installation and user manual Optional Accessories e Digital microscope with 10x 25x and 100x magnification digital series for automatic measurement Ball indentors 1 mm 0 03937 02 5 mm 0 098425 05 mm 0 19685 and 10 mm 0 3937 Certified hardness test block 150 250 HBW 10 3000 Certified hardness test block 75 125 HBW 10 1000 Certified hardness test block 150 250 HBW 2 5 187 5 e Motorised spindle for fully automatic testing on XL models e Large testing table 350 mm x 250 mm 13 8 x 9 8 e FH 20 Video measuring and database system e Extended height width frame XL models e Motorised X Y stage e Solid tester table and storage cabinet e Brinell video microscope system Fig 11 Model FH 9 1 Fig 12 Model FH 9 20 FH 10 SERIES UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 10 0 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell Brinell Vickers and HVT HBT Load cell force feedback closed loop system e Test loads 1 kgf 250 kgf e2. 31 25 62 5 187 5 kgf HB5 25 62 5 125 250 kgf HB10 100 250 kof HBT2 5 62 5 187 5 kgf HBT5 250 kgf Vickers HV 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 120 Built on electronic digital microscope for Brinell and Vickers indent measurement Objectives 2 5x 5x 10x magnification e Adjustable LED illumination Precision workpiece sliding table Optional Accessories f e Rockwell diamond cone 120 e Vickers diamond cone 136 e Precision vices V blocks and or FH 2 Series Certified hardness test block 450HV FH 2 1 Certified hardness test block 200HB FH 2 1 Certified hardness test block 60HRC Certified hardness test block 30HRC Certified hardness test block 85HRB FH 2 1 Rockwell ball indentor 1 6 mm 1 16 Brinell balls indentors 1 mm 2 5mm 5mm 10 mm 04 10 20 31 FH 2 1 Knoop hardness testing scale FH 2 1 V Anvil hardened 60 mm 2 36 Long indentors Goose neck indentor holder Large testing table 300 x 200 mm 11 81 X 7 87 with T slot Custom testing tables special clamps LED Ringlight Fig 4 Model FH 2 1 Fig 3 Model FH 2 0 Fig 4A Model FH2 1 from Side FH 3 SERIES ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 3 0 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell HVT and HBT e Load cell closed loop e Advanced user interface Scales Rockwell A B C D E F G H K L M P R S V e Automatic testing procedure Conversion to all other hardness scales Convex and
3. irrespective of size the impression should have well defined points of measurement and the indentor should have high resistance to self deformation A diamond in the form of a square based pyramid satisfied these conditions It had been established that the ideal size of a Brinell impression was 3 8 of the ball diameter As two tangents to the circle at the ends of a chord 3d 8 long intersect at 136 it was decided to use this as the included angle of the indentor The angle was varied experimentally and it was found that the hardness value obtained on a homogeneous piece of material remained constant irrespective of load Accordingly loads of various magnitudes are applied to a flat surface depending on the hardness of the material to be measured The HV number is then deter mined by the ratio F A where F is the force applied to the diamond in kilograms force and A is the surface area of the resulting indentation in square millimetres A can be determined by the formula which can be approximated by evaluating the sine term to give where d is the average length of the diagonal left by the indentor Vickers hardness numbers are reported as xxxHVyy e g 440HV30 or xxxHVyy zz if duration of force differs from 10s to 15s e g 440Hv30 20 where 440 is the hardness number HV gives the hardness scale Vickers 30 indicates the load used in kg 20 indicates the loading time if it differs from 10s to 15s Vickers
4. Supplied as Standard With Manual X Y stage e Objectives according to model 10x and 40x or 10x 20x and 40x Digital Electronic microscope 15x Built in silent thermal printer RS 232 data output Set of workpiece fixtures vice chuck clamp e Level gauge aE e 4 adjustable feet e Spare halogen lamp Fig 7 Model FH 4 0 e Installation and user manual e Certificate Optional Accessories e Selection of Objectives e Horizon manual or automatic measuring and filing systems e Motorised X Y stage small or large Motorised X Y Z stage auto focus Indentors and hardness test blocks Certified indentors Reference hardness blocks Solid tester table and storage cabinet Fig 8 Model FH 4 Shown with Optional Motorised X Y Stage T KA Analogue Digital Motorised small Motorised large FH 5 SERIES VICKERS HARDNESS TESTERS FH 5 SERIES Micro Vickers Vickers Knoop and low force Brinell e Load cell closed loop force feed back system Motorised turret with 2 or 3 objectives e Test loads 20 g 31 25 kof Conversion to other hardness scales including Tensile Strength Digital eyepiece and camera adaptor Large LCD display shows measured values on line statistics memory overview tester settings MODEL FH 5 0 Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 kgf MODEL FH 5 1 Vickers and Brinell low force with 1 and 2 mm ball e Test loads of 1 2 2 5 3 4
5. concave testmodus Database for test programs Large workpiece accommodation On line statistics USB output Supplied as Standard With Data output RS 232C V anvil 40 mm 1 57 Testing table large 9150 mm 5 9 Power cable Spare fuse Adjustable feet 4 Pcs Spindle protection cover Machine cover Solid accessories case Certificate User and installation manual Optional Accessories Built in thermal printer Cerified Diamond Rockwell indentor Certified Rockwell ball indentor 1 58 mm 1 16 Rockwell testing balls Certified hardness test blocks 60 HRC 40 HRC 85 HRB a Fig 5 Model FH 3 0 ROCKWELL HARDNESS EXPLAINED The Rockwell Hardness test is a hardness measurement based on the net increase in depth of impression when aload is applied Hardness values are commonly given in the A B C R L M E and K scales The higher the value in each of the scales the harder the material Hardness has been variously defined as resistance to local penetration scratching machining wear or abrasion In the Rockwell method of hardness testing the depth of penetration of an indentor under certain arbitrary test conditions is determined The indentor may either be a steel carbide ball of some specified diameter or a spherical diamond tipped cone of 118 angle and 0 2 mm tip radius also called indentor The type of indentor and the test load determine the hardness scale A B C etc A minor load
6. easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indentor and the indentor can be used for all materials irrespective of hardness The basic principle as with all common measures of hardness is to observe the questioned material s abilitv to resist plastic deformation from a standard source Fig 17 Vickers Measurement The Vickers test can be used for all metals and has one of the widest scales among hardness tests The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers pyramid Number HV or Diamond Pyramid Hardness DPH The hardness number can be converted into units of Pascals but should not be confused with a pressure which also has units of Pascals The hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the area normal to the force and is therefore not a pressure The hardness number is not really a true property of the material and is an empirical value that should be seen in conjunction with the experimental methods and hardness scale used When doing the hardness tests the distance between indentations must be more than 2 5 indentation diameters apart to avoid interaction between the work hardened regions Implementation An indentation left in case hardened steel after a Vickers hardness test It was decided that the indentor shape should be capable of producing geometrically similar impressions
7. mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load force ranging from 1 to 3000 kg A microscope or USB camera is used to visualize and measure the rather large indentations Leeb HL rebound method Portable hardness testing An impact body that has a spherical tungsten carbide tip is impelled onto the test surface by spring force The impact creates a plastic deformation of the surface an indentation due to which the impact body loses part of its original speed or energy Consequently the softer the material is the more speed will be lost at rebound of the impact body Applicable for a wide variety of components Minimum test requirements should be obeyed Ultrasonic UCI Portable hardness testing A Vickers shaped diamond indentor fixed on a vibrating rod that presses on the test surface with a specific force and then measures its hardness by applying ultrasonic vibrations and analyzing its damping effect Commonly used for small thin components that cannot be tested by rebound hardness testers Shore HS scales Portable rubber plastics hardness testing The hardness value is determined by pressing the indentor foot firmly onto the sample The indentor is connected to a linear measuring device and measures the indent depth which is then converted through a mechanical or an electronical system to the Shore value The deeper the indent the softer the material IRHD Measures the indentat
8. 1 Rockwell and Superficial Rockwell e Scales Rockwell A B C D E F G H K L M PR S V Superficial Rockwell 15N 30N 45N 15T 30T 45T 15W 30W 45W 15X 30X 45X 15Y 30Y 45Y MODEL FH 1 2 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell and Brinell Same features as FH 1 1 but with additional Brinell scales e Additional Scales Brinell HB1 1 2 5 5 10 30 kgf HB2 5 6 25 15 625 31 25 62 5 87 5 kgf HB5 25 62 5 125 250 kgf HB10 100 250 kgf Brinell microscope with LED ring light MODEL FH 1 3 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell Brinell Vickers HBT and HVT Same features as FH 1 2 but with additional Vickers scales e Scales Brinell HBT2 5 62 5 187 5 kof HBT5 250 kgf Vickers HV 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 50 100 120 HVT 50 100 kgf Built on electronic digital microscope for Brinell and Vickers indent measurement Objectives 2 5x 5x 10x magnification Adjustable LED illumination LED Ringlight optional Precision workpiece sliding table Large workpiece accommodation Optional Accessories for FH 1 Series e Certified hardness test block 450HV FH 1 3 Certified hardness test block 200HB FH 1 2 FH 1 3 Certified hardness test block 60HRC Certified hardness test block 30HRC Certified hardness test block 85HRB e Motorised elevator spindle e Rockwell diamond cone 120 e Vickers diamond cone 136 FH 1 3 e Rockwell ball indentor 1 6 mm 1 16 e Brinell balls
9. 5 6 25 10 15 625 20 31 25 kgf MODEL FH 5 2 Micro Macro Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 0 3 0 5 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 kgf MODEL FH 5 3 Micro Macro Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 0 02 0 025 0 05 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 5 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 kgf MODEL FH 5 4 Micro Macro Vickers Knoop and Brinell e Test loads of As plus 6 25 15 625 31 25 kgf MODEL FH 5 5 Macro Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 50 kgf MODEL FH 5 6 Vickers and Brinell low force with 1 2 and 5 mm ball e Test loads of 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 6 25 10 15 625 20 31 25 62 5 kgf MODEL FH 5 7 Micro Macro Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 0 3 0 5 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 50 kgf MODEL FH 5 8 Micro Macro Vickers and Knoop e Test loads of 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 5 1 2 2 5 3 4 5 10 20 30 50 kof MODEL FH 5 9 Micro Macro Vickers Knoop and Brinell e Test loads of As FH 5 8 plus 6 25 15 625 31 25 62 5 kgf Fig 10 Model FH 5 3 Shown with Small Motorised Table and Horizon Vision Measuring and Filing System Fig 9 Model FH 5 0 Supplied as Standard With Manual X Y stage e Flat anvil 60 mm e Objectives 5x 10x 20x or 10x 20x 40x e Electronic digital eyepiece 15x Set of workpiece fixtures vice chuck clamp Built in thermal printer RS 232 data output 4 adjustable feet Spare halogen lamp Fuse Installation and user manual C
10. Bulletin 300 Hardness Testing Instruments Product Line Overview HARDNESS TESTER SERIES OVERVIEW Basic load cell based Rockwell tester FH 30 Series FH 1 Series FH 2 Series FH 3 Series FH 10 Series FH 11 Series FH 12 Series Rockwell Hardness Testers FH 1 Series FH 2 Series FH 4 Series FH 5 Series FH 9 Series FH 10 Series FH 11 Series FH 12 Series Vickers Hardness Testers g FH 1 Series FH 2 Series FH 3 Series FH 9 Series FH 10 Series FH 11 Series FH 12 Series Brinell Hardness Testers FH 1 Series FH 2 Series FH 10 Series FH 11 Series FH 12 Series Universal Hardness Testers HARDNESS Hardness is the propertv of a material enabling it to resist plastic deformation usuallv bv penetration of another object The term hardness may also refer to stiffness temper or resistance to bending scratching abrasion or cutting Scientists and journalists often confuse stiffness with hardness and is demonstrated by for example the element Osmium which is stiffer than diamond but not as hard as diamond In materials science there are three principal operational definitions of hardness e Scratch hardness Resistance to fracture or plastic permanent deformation due to friction from a sharp object e Indentation hardness Resistance to plastic permanent deformation due to a constant load from a sharp object e Rebound hardness Height or speed of the bounce of an obj
11. Complies to all applicable EN ISO and ASTM standards Optical system high precision optical path mat screen diameter 135 mm Shape correction for curved surfaces High accuracy depth measuring system Rockwell HBT HVT Large LCD display shows measured values online statistics memory overview tester settings User friendly low training requirements Direct printer and or PC connections via RS 232 and USB 2 Large workpiece accommodation H 300mm Supplied as Standard With Objective for 70x magnification Objective for 140x magnification Clamping protection nose Testing table 80 mm 3 15 Power cable Installation and user manual Certificate Optional Accessories Diamond Rockwell indentor Vickers indentor Brinell indentor 2 5 mm 0 098425 Certified hardness test block HRA Certified hardness test block HRC Certified hardness test block HRB Certified hardness test block HV30 Certified hardness test block HB2 5 187 5 Objectives for 10x 20x 44x magnification Testing table 2150 mm 5 9 Testing table 2235 mm 9 25 V Anvil 9080 mm 3 15 V Anvil 2120 mm 4 72 Long Vickers indentor Other testing tables and XY stages Precision vices V blocks and special clamps Software solutions for advanced application Fig 13 Model FH 10 0 Fig 14 Displav on FH 10 Series FH 11 SERIES UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 11 MODEL FH 11 0 Optional Accessories Rockwell Superficial Rockwell e
12. Load range from 1 to 250 kgf e Diamond Rockwell indentor Vickers Knoop Brinell Ball e Vickers indentor indentation HVT and HBT scales MODEL FH 11 1 ses deal 2 5mm ean i e e Superior range of test loads force e Loadrange from 1 to 750 kgf ie d i bii peat HRC aa pee etc 7 jed jii gf e Certified hardness test block HRB kl gf over MODEL FH 11 2 e Certified hardness test block HV30 Fixed workpiece position no skond rerige kom 1 166000 ka atid eran tast DICK spindle opip a e Descending test head with Supplied as ark gt aa eal G automatic workpiece detection Standard With eee kien jla 3 He 3 e Free definable manual or e Motorised turret with 6 positions s Weanuilai20 cam 4 7 motorized 6 position turret for e Objectives for 0 7x 1000x e Lona Vickers in Fentor objectives and indentors at choice magnification l 9 Other testing tables and X V stages Precision vices V blocks and special clamps High definition optical svstem for images of 0 7x to 1000x magnification Horizon hardness testing firmware and database file system Large adjustable 15 881 mm industrial touch screen or mouse with normal 22 559 mm LCD screen at choice e Automatic or manual focus manual or fully automatic indent measurement standard Built in hard disk offers nearly endless file storing standard e LAN WLAN USB 2 RS 232 Printer and DVI connectivity standard On board built in driver for optional motorised X Y stag
13. ales Indenting the test material with a diamond cone or hardened tungsten steel ball indentor depending on the scale preliminary set The Superficial Rockwell scales use lower force and shallower impressions on brittle and very thin materials Applying a preload of 3 kof first and a main test force of 15 30 or 45 kof Vickers HV Indenting the test material with a diamond indentor in the form of an upside down perfect pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to test forces of 1 to 120 kgf A microscope or USB camera is used to visualize and measure the indentation Micro Vickers HV Indenting the test material with a diamond indentor in the form of an upside down perfect pyramid with a square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to test forces usually not exceeding 1 kgf A precision micro scope or high resolution USB camera is used to visualize and measure the indentations magnifications up to 600x are most common However magnifications up to 1000x are becoming popular as well Knoop HK Indenting the test material with a elongated diamond pyramid subjected to test forces usually not exceeding 1 kgf A precision micro scope or high resolution USB camera is used to visualize and measure the indentations magnifications up to 600x are most common Brinell HB Indenting the to be tested material with a 1 2 5 5 or 10
14. e standard Free definable test patterns case depth traverse free style etc optional e Machine covers made of shock damage and fire proof recyclable materials Large range of optional accessories Large testpiece accommodation H 300 mm 11 8 D 220 mm 8 7 can be upgraded to a taller frame of for instance H 450 mm 17 7 D 220 mm 8 7 or 300 mm 11 8 even years after purchasing the tester Built in 3 axis Support driver Toolset Large testing table Calibration certificate Certificate Installation and user manual Fig 15 Model FH 11 1 FH 12 SERIES UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 12 SERIES HEAVV DUTV Brinell Vickers Rockwell HVT and HBT FH 12 a universal hardness tester most suitable for heavv dutv testing Built for tough environments and extra large workspace accommodation Suitable for parts up to 500 kgf The floor type frame reaches a height of 2 meters and offers a workspace of not less than 650 mm height and a throat depth of 300 mm Rockwell Vickers and Brinell but also pure depth test methods such as H HVT and HBT are part of the standard test procedures of the FH 12 3 models cover a range of test loads either up to 250 750 kgf or 3 000 kgf The FH 12 has a motorised elevator spindle and a descending test head allowing each test piece to be tested on an ergonomic working height The test head is equipped with a 6 positions modular turret indentors and objecti
15. ect dropped on the material related to elasticity Measuring Hardness Hardness is not an intrinsic material property There are no precise definitions in terms of fundamental units of mass length and time A hardness property value is the result of a defined measurement procedure Hardness of materials has long been assessed by resistance to scratching or cutting An example would be material B scratches material C but not material A Alternatively material A scratches material B slightly and scratches material C heavily The usual method to obtain a hardness value is to measure the depth or area of an indentation left by an indentor of a specific shape with a specific force applied for a specific time There are several principal standard test methods to express the relationship between hardness and the size of the impression or the rebound velocity on specific materials Vickers Rockwell Brinell and Leeb are the most common scales For practical and calibration reasons each of these methods is divided into a range of scales defined by a combination of applied load and indentor geometry or in case of the rebound method by the weight of the impact body Most Common Hardness Tests Rockwell HR scales Indenting the test material with a diamond cone HRC or hardened tungsten steel ball indentor HRB etc applying a preload of 10 kof first and a main test force of 60 100 or 150 kof Rockwell Superficial HR sc
16. en 9 12 Printed in UK
17. erials such as aluminium brass and softer steels It employs a tungsten carbide ball as the indentor and a 100 kg weight to obtain a value expressed as HRB The C scale for harder materials uses a diamond cone and a 150 kg weight to obtain a value expressed as HRC There are several alternative scales for other purposes The superficial Rockwell scales use lower loads and shallower impressions on brittle and very thin materials The 45N scale employs a 45 kg load on a diamond cone shaped Brale indentor and can be used on dense ceramics The 15T scale employs a 15 kg load ona 1 16 inch diameter hardened steel ball and can be used on sheet metal Readings below HRC 20 are generally considered unreliable as are readings much above HRB 100 Typical Values Very hard steel e g a good knife blade HRC 55 HRC 62 Axes chisels etc HRC 40 45 Several other scales including the extensive A scale are used for specialized applications There are special scales for measuring case hardened specimens FH 4 SERIES MICRO VICKERS HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 4 1 co DIGITAL MICROSCOPE 2 KGF TEST FORCE Micro Vickers and Knoop e Motorized turret 3 objectives e Test loads 10 g 2 kgf e Electronic microscope digital value transfer Large LCD display shows measured values on line statistics memory overview tester settings e Large workpiece accommodation e RS 232 output Built in printer
18. ertificate Optional Accessories e Objectives 5x 40x 60x e Horizon Vision measuring and filing systems Motorised X Y stage small or large e Motorised X Y Z stage auto focus e Indentors and hardness test blocks e Certified indentors e Reference hardness blocks Solid tester table and storage cabinet F irnia Pinan FH 9 SERIES BRINELL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 9 0 Brinell and Vickers e Load cell closed loop system e Test loads 30 kgf 3000 kof e LCD display showing Brinell and Vickers value statistics and tester settings Simultaneous conversion to Rockwell Vickers Brinell and Leeb External microscope with analogue scale for indentation measurement or external ELECTRONIC digital microscope for automatic indentation measurement MODEL FH 9 1 Brinell e As Model FH 9 0 but with extra large frame e 450 mm workpiece height 250 mm throat depth MODEL FH 9 17 Brinell e As Model FH 9 1 but with motorised spindle MODEL FH 9 2 Brinell and Vickers e As Model FH 9 1 but with digital microscope and supplied with three objectives MODEL FH 9 3 Brinell and Vickers e As Model FH 9 2 but with extra large frame e 450 mm workpiece height 250 mm throat depth MODEL FH 9 4 Brinell and Vickers e As Model FH 9 3 but with motorized spindle MODEL FH 9 18 Brinell e As Model FH 9 0 but with CCD camera 2 position manual turret and Horizon software e Requires a pc and touchscreen display
19. indentors 1 mm 2 5mm 5mm 10 mm 04 10 20 39 FH 1 2 FH 1 3 e V Anvil 60 mm 2 36 e Long indentors e Goose neck indentor holder e Large testing table 300 x 200 mm 11 81 x 7 87 with T slot e Custom testing tables e Precision vices V blocks and special clamps Fig 2 Model FH 1 3 Fig 1 Model FH 1 1 Fig 2A Model FH 1 3 from Side FH 2 SERIES ROCKWELL AND UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 2 0 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell HBT HVT and H ball indentation e Full color multi function touch screen controller Load cell based closed loop operation e Advanced user interface Scales Rockwell A B C D E F G H K L M P R S V Superficial Rockwell 15N 30N 45N 15T 30T 45T 15W 30W 45W 15X 30X 45X 15Y 30Y 45Y Brinell HBT2 5 62 5 187 5 kgf HBT5 250 kgf Vickers HVT 50 100 kof Motorised elevator spindle optional e Automatic testing procedure Conversion to all other hardness scales Convex and concave testmodus Database for test programs Large workpiece accommodation On line statistics USB output MODEL FH 2 1 Rockwell Superficial Rockwell Brinell Vickers Knoop HBT and HVT Same features as FH 2 0 but with the following additional features e CCD USB Video system manual and automatic measurement of Brinell and Vickers Knoop indentations indent Video zoom function e Scales Brinell HB1 1 2 5 5 10 30 kgf HB2 5 6 25 15 625
20. ion resistance of elastomeric or rubber materials based on the depth of penetration of a ball indentor An initial contact force is applied to a 1 2 5 or 5 mm ball indentor and the penetration is set to zero The force is increased to a specified total load and the depth of the penetration is measured The IRHD value is related to the depth of indentor penetration The method is commonly used for testing small parts and O rings Webster Portable hardness testing The object to be tested is placed between the anvil and the penetrator Pressure is then applied to the handles until bottom is felt at which time the dial indicator is read There are different types of indentors and different force settings for different materials Less Common Hardness Scales The following hardness methods are less frequently used or Superseded by other methods e HM Martens formerly HU universal hardness e H ball indentation hardness e HVT modified Vickers method depth measurement e HBT modified Brinell method depth measurement FH 1 SERIES ROCKWELL AND UNIVERSAL HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 1 0 Rockwell e Load cell based closed loop operation Advanced user interface Scales Basic Rockwell e Automatic testing procedure Conversion to all other hardness scales Convex and concave testmodus Database for test programs Large workpiece accommodation On line statistics USB output MODEL FH 1
21. nt solution for quick and easv measurement of Brinell hardness values with ball diameters 1 2 2 5 5 and 10 mm and for applied loads of 1 to 3000 kg e Including removable magnetic base for accurate and precise measuring e Easy to use Position the scanning system on the indentation made in a flat or curved surface press the button to determine the relative hardness and diameter of the indentation e Accuracy of the measured diameter is up to 0 001um e Possibility to set tolerance value Yes No upper and lower limits e Possibility to show the last 5 hardness measurements taken e Automatic storage of images and accompanying measurement data files e Storage of operator id date hour hardness parameters measured hardness values location of stored image Software Features e Measures the indentation automatically or by hand e Saves the image of the indentation in a dedicated format and folder e Test results can be imported into Excel e Each measurement is filed with information about the ball diameter applied load load duration e The 5 last measurements can be shown on screen e Images taken can be copied Fig 23 Model FH 20 Specifications for all models subject to change without notice Contact Your Local Representative Tinius Olsen e Horsham PA USA Redhill Surrev UK Noida UP India info TiniusOlsen com www testinghardness com www TiniusOlsen com 2012 Tinius Ols
22. of 3 kg or 10 kg is first applied causing an initial penetration and holding the indentor in place Then the dial is set to zero and the major load is applied Upon removal of the major load the depth reading is taken while the minor load is still on The hardness number may then be read directly from the scale The Rockwell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the depth of penetration of an indentor loaded on a material sample and compared to the penetration in some reference material It is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science Its hardness values are noted by HR and X is the letter for the scale used Hardness relation to strength is that both are measures of the pressure it takes to get plastic deformation to occur in materials The Rockwell hardness test was devised by metallurgist Stanley P Rockwell in Syracuse NY around 1919 in order to quickly determine the effects of heat treatment on steel bearing races The Brinell hardness test invented in 1900 in Sweden was slow not useful on fully hardened steel and left too large impressions to be considered non destructive Rockwell collaborated with an instrument manufacturer to commercialize his invention and develop standardized testing machines Pre A load applied Permanent depth of indentation Test specimen A Elastic recoverv Fig 6 Rockwell Measurement Operation The determination of
23. s Fig 21 Model FH 21 MODEL FH 21 Portable hardness tester e This unit is also Known as the Impressor Complies to ASTM B648 2000 e Used to test the hardness of all kinds of aluminium from very soft aluminium to very hard aluminium alloys e High sensitivity Featured with 100 segments scale Fig 21 Model FH 22 MODEL FH 22 Rockwell e Magnetic base hardness tester designed according to the principle of Rockwell hardness testing The test head can be fixed to the surface of iron and steel components by magnetic force e Support to the test piece is not required as the 350 kg magnetic base will hold the unit firmly in position The testing accuracy complies to ISO6508 or ASTM E18 Fig 22 Model FH 22 MODEL FH 25 Brinell e Permanence Impression can be checked and rechecked anytime Calibrated to 0 5 of 1 of load Can be used for higher loads up to 3000 kg Breaks through surface heat treatment to get to the core of the material Can be used in virtually any position right side up upside down or sideways Some portable Brinell testers have been working over 60 years e Accuracy e Versatility e Durability Includes e Microscope with LED illumination e Testblock PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTERS MODEL FH 20 Brinell Optical Scanning Svstem Portable video scanning svstem to automaticallv measure Brinell indentations and determine the Brinell hardness value Excelle
24. s can be seen in the example HBW 10 3000 HBW means that a tungsten carbide from the chemical svmbol for tungsten ball indentor was used as opposed to HBS which means a hardened steel ball The 10 is the ball diameter in millimetres The 3000 is the force in kilograms force Standards e European and international EN ISO 6506 1 e American ASTM E10 08 PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTERS Fig 19 Model FH 26 MODEL FH 26 Ultrasonic Contact Impedance svstem Vickers e Ultrasonic Contact Impedance test principle fast accurate easv to use in confined spaces Suitable for hardness tests on metals plastics ceramics Direct reading in Vickers HV and direct conversion to HRC HRB HB 8 UTS High reproducibilitv tolerance within 1 Extensive range of application at locations difficult to access e Large memory statistics and multiple data outputs Optional dvnamic rebound hardness impact devices available e Windows software for testing remote control data processing and file storing Fig 20 Model FH 23 MODEL FH 23 Portable hardness tester e The FH 23 hardness method is ideal for sheet metal sheet aluminium and other thin materials Test is made by simply applying pressure to the handles until bottom is felt e Easy to read dial indicator with 20 graduations permits use of the tester as Go and No Go gauge Tests materials up to 13 mm in thicknes
25. the Rockwell hardness of a material involves the application of a minor load followed bv a major load and then noting the depth of penetration converted to a hardness value directiv from a dial or displav in which a harder material gives a higher number The major advantage of Rockwell hardness is its abilitv to displav hardness values directiv thus obviating tedious calculations involved in other hardness measurement techniques Also the relatively simple and inexpensive set up enables installation under various conditions Rockwell testers are typically used in engineering metallurgy and industrial environments The commercial popularity arises from its speed reliability robustness resolution and small area of indentation Good Practices The following procedures are all important cleaning indentor and test piece to be clear of dirt grease rust or paint measuring ona perpendicular flat surface round work correction factors are invoked to adjust for test piece curvature ensuring that the thickness of the test piece is at least 10 times the depth of the indentation maintaining an adequate spacing between multiple indentations and controlling the speed of indentation and assuring that the load duration dwell time is applied correctly Scales and Values The most common used are the C and B scales Both express hardness as an arbitrary dimensionless number The B scale is used for softer mat
26. values are generally inde pendent of the test force they will come out the same for 500 gf and 50 kgf as long as the force is at least 200 gf Examples of HV values for various materials Material Value 316L stainless steel 140HV30 347L stainless steel 180HV30 Carbon steel 55 120HV5 lron 30 80HV5 BRINELL HARDNESS TEST The Brinell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indentor loaded on a material test piece Proposed bv Swedish engineer Johan August Brinell in 1900 it was the first widelv used and standardized hardness test in engineering and metallurgy The typical tests use a 10 5 2 5 or 1 mm diameter steel ball as an indentor with a test force starting at 1 kgf up to 3 000 kgf 29 kN force For softer materials a lower force is used for harder materials a tungsten carbide ball is substituted for the steel ball a Brinell indentation Fig 18 Brinell Measurement After the impression is made a measurement of the diameter of the resulting round impression d is taken It is measured to plus or minus 0 05 mm using a low magnification microscope The hardness is calcu lated bv dividing the load bv the area of the curved surface of the indention the area of a hemispherical surface is arrived at bv multiplving the square of the diameter bv 3 14159 and then dividing bv 2 Common Values The standard format for specifving test
27. ves and an optical zoom video system with 5 mp HD camera High performance PC driven automatic and manual indent measurement with automatic filing and storage functions Refined algorithms for automatic measurement on materials normally less suitable for automatic measurement MODEL FH 12 0 e Load range from 1 to 250 kgf MODEL FH 12 1 e Load range from 1 to 750 kgf MODEL FH 12 2 e Load range from 1 to 3 000 kgf Supplied as tandard With S Optional Accessories Diamond Rockwell indentor Vickers indentor Brinell indentor 2 5 mm 0 1 Certified hardness test block HRA Certified hardness test block HRC Certified hardness test block HRB Certified hardness test block HV30 Certified hardness test block HB2 5 187 5 Built in 5 axis support driver Testing table e235 mm 9 3 V anvil 9080 mm 3 1 V anvil 9120 mm 4 7 Long Vickers indentor Other testing tables and X V stages Precision vices V blocks and special clamps Motorised turret with 6 positions Objectives for 0 7x 1000x magnification Built in 3 axis Support driver Toolset Large testing table Calibration certificate Certificate Installation and user manual Fig16 Model FH 12 0 VICKERS HARDNESS AND BRINELL HARDNESS EXPLAINED VICKERS HARDNESS TEST The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1924 bv Smith and Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials The Vickers test is often
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