Tektronix 2213 Oscilloscope User Manual
Contents
1. 7 Check the waveform presentation for overshoot and rolloff see Figure 10 If necessary adjust the probe compensation for flat tops on the waveforms Refer to the instructions supplied with the probe for details of com pensation adjustment CORRECT OVER COM PENSATED OVERSHOOT UNDER COM PENSATED ROLLOFF 465 DM O 5 Figure 10 Probe compensation 8 Select CH 2 VERTICAL MODE and connect the Channel 2 probe tip to the PROBE ADJUST output jack 9 Use the Channel 2 POSITION control to vertically center the display and repeat step 7 for the Channel 2 probe BASIC APPLICATIONS After becoming familiar with all the capabilities of the 2213 Oscilloscope the operator can then adopt a con venient method for making a particular measurement The following information describes the recommended pro cedures and techniques for making basic measurements with your instrument When a procedure first calls for presetting instrument controls and obtaining a baseline trace refer to the Instrument Familiarization section and perform steps 1 through 4 under Baseline Trace NONDELAYED MEASUREMENTS AC Peak to Peak Voltage To perform a peak to peak voltage measurement use the following procedure NOTE This procedure may also be used to make voltage measurements between any two points on the waveform 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 16 2 Apply the ac signal to either vertical2. 8 Press in and hold the BEAM FIND push button the display should reappear on the screen Adjust the Channel 1 and Horizontal POSITION controls to center the trace both vertically and horizontally Release the 11 2213 Operators BEAM FIND button the display should remain within the viewing area 9 Adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control counterclock wise until the display disappears 10 Press in and hold the BEAM FIND push button the display should reappear Release the BEAM FIND button and adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control to desired display brightness Using the Vertical Section l Set the Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to GND 2 Adjust the trace to the center horizontal graticule line 3 Set the Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to DC 4 Observe that the bottom of the display remains at the center horizontal graticule line ground reference DUAL INPUT COUPLER 5 Set the Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to AC 6 Observe that the display is centered approximately at the center horizontal line 7 Set the CH 1 VOLTS DIV switch to 0 1 IX and observe that a 2 division vertical display appears 8 Rotate the CH 1 VOLTS DIV Variable control fully counterclockwise 9 Observe that minimum vertical deflection occurs when the VOLTS DIV Variable contol is fully counter clockwise lO Rotate the CH 1 VOLTS DIV Variable control fully clockwise to the CAL detent 11 Select CH 2 VERTICAL MODE and again perform precedi
3. 2 Use the Channel 1 POSITION control to move the baseline trace to the center horizontal graticule line REV OCT 1981 2213 Operators 4 Adjust the A TRIGGER LEVER control for a stable display and AUTO INTENSITY for desired display bright ness If necessary adjust VERTICAL VOLTS DIV control to obtain 5 divisions or greater amplitude for a stable display Displaying a TV Field rate Signal 1 Perform Step 1 under Displaying a TV Line rate Signal 2 Set A SEC DIV to 2 ms A TRIGGER MODE to TV FIELD and A amp B INT to CH 1 or CH 2 as appropriate for the applied signal 3 Perform Step 3 and 4 under Displaying a TV Line rate Signal 4 To display either Field 1 or Field 2 individually at faster sweep rates displays of less than one full field set VERTI CAL MODE to BOTH and ALT simultaneously This syn chronizes the Channel 1 display to one field and the Channel 2 display to the other field To change the field that is displayed interrupt the triggering by repeatedly setting the AC GND DC switch to GND or dis connecting the signal from the applied signal input until the other field is displayed To display both fields simultaneous ly apply the input signal to both the CH 1 and CH 2 inputs via two probes two cables or through a dual input coupler To examine either a TV Field rate or Line rate signal in more detail either the X10 Magnifier or HORIZONTAL MODE functions may be employed as described for other signals
4. elsewhere in this manual ADJUSTMENTS NOTE Normally the resulting trace will be parallel to the center horizon tal graticule line and the Trace Rotation adjustment should not be required 3 If the resulting trace is not parallel to the center horizontal graticule line use a small flat bit screwdriver to adjust the TRACE ROTATION control and align the trace with the center horizontal graticule line PROBE COMPENSATION Misadjustment of probe compensation is one of the sources of measurement error Most attenuator probes are equipped with compensation adjustment To ensure optimum measurement accuracy always compensate the oscilloscope probe before making measurements Probe compensation is accomplished as follows 15 2213 Operators 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace refer to Instrument Familiarization 2 Connect the two 10X probes supplied with the instrument to the CH 1 and CH 2 input connectors 3 Set both VOLTS DIV switches to 0 1 10X PROBE and set both AC GND DC switches to DC 4 Select CH 1 VERTICAL MODE and insert the tip of the Channel 1 probe in the PROBE ADJUST output jack 5 Using the approximately 1 kHz PROBE ADJUST square wave signal as the input obtain a display of the signal refer to Instrument Familiarization 6 Set the SEC DIV switch to display several cycles of the PROBE ADJUST signal Use the Channel POSITION control to vertically center the display
5. ence line can be checked at any later time by switching the AC GND DC switch to GND 7 Set the AC GND DC switch to DC 8 If the voltage level measurement is to be made with respect to a voltage level other than ground apply the reference voltage to the unused vertical channel input connector Then position its trace to the reference line 9 Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a stable display 10 Set the SEC DIV switch to a position that displays several cycles of the signal 11 Measure the divisions of vertical deflection between the reference line and the desired point on the waveform at which the dc level is to be determined see Figure 12 17 2213 Operators NEGATIVE REFERENCE VERTICAL DEFLECTION MEASURE POSITIVE AMPLITUDE POSITIVE REFERENCE LINE amp TO B NEGATIVE AMPLITUDE OTO B 4115 07 Figure 12 Instantaneous voltage measurement 12 Calculate the instantaneous voltage using the fol lowing formula vertical Instantaneous OE E polarity Voltage divisions peer VOLTS DIV probe X switch x attenuation setting factor EXAMPLE The measured vertical deflection from the reference line is 4 6 divisions see Figure 12 the wave form is above the reference line the VOLTS DIV switch is set to 2 and a 10X attenuator probe is being used Substituting the given values Instantaneous Voltage 46 div x 41 x 2 V div x 10 92 V Algebraic Addition With the VERTICAL MODE
6. made directly from the crt Also percentage markers for the measurement of rise and fall times are located on the left side of the graticule 1ST OR LEFT CENTER 11TH OR RIGHT VERTICAL VERTICAL VERTICAL GRATICULE GRATICULE GRATICULE LINE LINE LINE M Arr 0 4 0x RISE AND CENTER FALL TIME HORIZONTAL MEASUREMENT GRATICULE PERCENTAGE LINE MARKERS 4115 16 Figure 8 Graticule measurement markings GROUNDING The most reliable signal measurements are made when the 2213 and the unit under test are connected by a com mon reference ground lead in addition to the signal lead or probe The probe s ground lead provides the best grounding method for signal interconnection and ensures the maximum amount of signal lead shielding in the probe cable A separate ground lead can also be connected from the unit under test to the oscilloscope GND connector located on the front panel SIGNAL CONNECTIONS Generally probes offer the most convenient means of connecting an input signal to the instrument They are shielded to prevent pickup of electromagnetic interference and the supplied 10X probe offers a high input impedance that minimizes circuit loading This allows the circuit under test to operate with a minimum of change from its normal condition as measurements are being made Coaxial cables may also be used to connect signals to the input connector
7. rate were increased 10 times with the magnifier X10 Magnifier out the magnified horizontal graticule calibration would be 45 division divided by 10 or 4 5 division Figure 19 shows the same signals illustrated in Figure 18 but magnifying the displays results in a horizontal difference of 6 divisions between the two signals Substituting the given values in the phase difference formula Phase Difference 6 div x 4 5 div 27 CHANNEL 2 LAGGING CHANNEL 1 REFERENCE AA COS 7 MEASURE TIME FROM amp ro B HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCE 465 DM 0 15 Figure 18 Phase difference CHANNEL 1 REFERENCE VARIED MEASURE TIME FROM Ajro B HORIZONTAL k DIFFERENCE 465 DM O 16 Figure 19 High resolution phase difference Amplitude Comparison In some applications it may be necessary to establish a set of deflection factors other than those indicated by the VOLTS DIV switch settings This is useful for com paring unknown signals to a reference signal of known amplitude To accomplish this a reference signal of known amplitude is first set to an exact number of vertical divisions by adjusting the VOLTS DIV switch and Variable control Unknown signals can then be quickly and accurately compared with the reference signal without disturbing the setting of the VOLTS DIV Variable control The procedure is as follows 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline
8. rise time greater than 0 2 us the VOL TS D V Variable control may be used to obtain an exact S division display 3 Set the TRIGGER SLOPE switch to plus Use a sweep speed setting that displays several complete cycles or events if possible 4 Adjust vertical positioning so that the zero reference of the waveform touches the 096 graticule line and the top of the waveform touches the 100 graticule line see Figure 16 MEASURE TIME FROM amp To i d T3 HORIZONTAL DISTANCE AC DUM Figure 16 Rise time 5 Set the SEC DIV switch for a single waveform display with the rise time spread horizontally as much as possible 6 Horizontally position the display so the 1096 point on the waveform intersects the second vertical graticule line see Figure 16 Point A 7T Measure the horizontal distance between the 1096 and 9096 points and calculate the time duration using the following formula horizontal SEC DIV distance x switch divisions setting Rise Time z uu magnification factor EXAMPLE The horizontal distance between the 1096 and 90 points is 5 divisions see Figure 16 and the SEC DIV switch is set to 1 us The X10 magnifier knob is pushed in 1 X magnification Substituting the given values in the formula 5 di 1 di Rise Time 8 d xt use bus Time Difference Between Two Time Related Pulses The calibrated sweep speed and dual trace features of the 2213 allow mea
9. switch set to BOTH and ADD the waveform displayed is the algebraic sum of the signals applied to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 inputs CH 1 CH 2 If the Channel 2 INVERT push button is pressed in the waveform displayed is the difference between the signals applied to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 inputs CH 1 CH 2 The total deflection factor in the ADD mode is equal to the deflection factor indicated by either VOLTS DIV switch when both VOLTS DIV switches are set to the same deflection factor A common use for the ADD mode is to provide a dc offset for a signal riding on top of a high dc level 18 The following general precautions should be observed when using the ADD mode a Do not exceed the input voltage rating of the oscillo Scope b Do not apply signals that exceed the equivalent of about eight times the VOLTS DIV switch settings since large voltages may distort the display For example with a VOLTS DIV switch setting of 5 the voltage applied to that channel should not exceed approximately 4 volts c Use Channel 1 and Channel 2 POSITION control settings which most nearly position the signal on each channel to midscreen when viewed in either CH 1 or CH 2 VERTICAL MODE This ensures the greatest dynamic range for ADD mode operation d To attain similar response from each channel set both the Channel 1 and Channel 2 AC GND DC switches to the same position EXAMPLE Using the graticule center line as O V
10. trace 2 Apply the reference signal to either vertical channel input and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used 3 Set the amplitude of the reference signal to an exact number of vertical divisions by adjusting the VOLTS DIV switch and VOLTS DIV Variable control 4 Establish a vertical conversion factor using the fol lowing formula reference signal amplitude must be known Vertical reference signal amplitude volts Conversion MM vertical VOLTS DIV Factor deflection x switch divisions setting 2213 Operators 5 Disconnect the reference signal and apply the unknown signal to be measured to the same channel input Adjust the VOLTS DIV switch to a setting that provides sufficient vertical deflection to make an accurate measure ment Do not readjust the VOLTS DIV Variable control 6 Establish an arbitrary deflection factor using the following formula Arbitrary vertical VOLTS DIV Deflection conversion x switch Factor factor setting 7 Measure the vertical deflection of the unknown signal in divisions and calculate its amplitude using the following formula Unknown arbitrary vertical Signal deflection x deflection Amplitude factor divisions EXAMPLE The reference signal amplitude is 30 V with a VOLTS DIV switch setting of 5 and the VOLTS DIV Variable control adjusted to provide a vertical deflection of exactly 4 divisions Substituting these
11. 0 05 us per division in a l 2 5 sequence XI 0 Magnifier extends maximum sweep speed to 5 ns per division Sweep accuracy applies over the center R 8 divisions Exclude the first 50 ns of the sweep for both magnified and un magnified sweep speeds and exclude 4968 6 anything beyond the 100th magnified division Start of sweep to 100th division will position past the center vertical graticule line with X10 Magnifier Continuously variable between calibrated settings Extends the sweep speeds by at least a factor of 2 5 Minimum delay is less than selected values of 0 5 us 10 us and 0 2 ms Increases delay time by at least a factor of 20 One part or less in 5 000 0 02 of the maximum available delay time X Y OPERATION XI MAGNIFICATION Same as Vertical Deflection System with both VOLTS DIV Variable controls in CAL detent SPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual 29 2213 Operators Table 2 cont Characteristics Performance Requirements Supplemental Information X Y OPERATION XI MAGNIFICATION cont Deflection Factors cont Accuracy X Axis Y Axis Measured with a dc coupled 5 division reference signal Bandwidth Measured with a 5 division reference signal X Axis Dc to at least 2 MHz Y Axis Same as Vertical Deflection System Phase Difference Between X 3 from dc to 50 kHz With dc coupled inputs and Y Axis Amplifiers PROBE ADJUST Z AXIS IN
12. EXT INPUT connector and reconnect it to the CH 2 input connector Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to INT and adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable display Using the X Y Mode 1 Set both the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS DIV switches to 1 IX and adjust the generator output to provide a 5 division display 2 Select X Y mode by switching the SEC DIV switch to its fully counterclockwise position 3 Adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control for desired display brightness Observe that two dots are displayed diagonally This display can then be positioned horizontally with the Horizontal POSITION control and vertically with the Channel 2 POSITION control Note that the dots are separated by 5 horizontal divisions and 5 vertical divisions 4 Set both the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS DIV switches to 2 1X Note that the dots are now separated by 2 5 horizontal divisions and 2 5 vertical divisions 5 Return the SEC DIV switch to 0 5 ms and adjust the AUTO INTENSITY control for desired display brightness REV OCT 1981 Using the Z Axis Input 1 Disconnect the dual input coupler from the CH 2 input connector and connect a bnc female to bnc female adapter to the disconnected end of the coupler 2 Connect a 42 inch 50 2 bnc cable from the Z AXIS INPUT connector located on the rear panel to the dual input coupler via the bnc female to bnc female adapter 3 Set the Channel 1 VOLTS DIV switch to 1 IX and adjust the output of the calibration gener
13. GER SYSTEM Trigger Sensitivity AUTO and NORM 0 4 division internal or 50 mV external External trigger signal from a 50 Q2 to 2 MHz increasing to 1 5 divisions source driving a 50 2 coaxial cable internal or 250 mV external at 60 MHz that is terminated in 50 Q at the input connector Will trigger on tv line sync components in NORM only 2 0 4 division internal or 50 mV p p external TV FIELD 2 0 divisions of composite video or composite sync External Input Maximum Input Voltage N 400 V dc peak ac or 800 V p p ac at 1 kHz or less Input Resistance 1MQ 2 Input Capacitance 30 pF 3pF 3 AC Coupled 10 Hz or less at lower 3 dB point LEVEL Control Range with NORM TRIGGER MODE INT On screen limits EXT and DC At least 2 V 4 V p p SPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual 20 Characteristics LEVEL Control Range with NORM TRIGGER MODE cont EXT and DC 10 VAR HOLDOFF Control Range Sweep Rate Calibrated Range A Sweep Accuracy 20 C to 30 C 0 c to 50 C POSITION Control Range Variable Control Range Delay Time Range Selector MULTIPLIER Control Jitter Deflection Factors Range 2213 Operators Table 2 cont Performance Requirements Supplemental Information TRIGGER SYSTEM cont At least 20 V 40 V p p Increases sweep holdoff time by at least a factor of four HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM 0 5 s per division to
14. LE Cart Occupies less than 18 inches of aisle space with storage area in base 2 ace eoe kem eng mE oor Order 200C Rack Mount Adapter Kit 016 0466 00 K4XL s BAMA This manual is provided FREE OF CHARGE from the BoatAnchor Manual Archive as a service to the Boatanchor community It was uploaded by someone who wanted to help you repair and maintain your equipment lf you paid anyone other than BAMA for this manual you paid someone who is making a profit from the free labor of others without asking their permission You may pass on copies of this manual to anyone who needs it But do it without charge Thousands of files are available without charge from BAMA Visit us at http bama sbc edu
15. LY D HORIZONTAL MODE to select the amount of delay time between the start of the sweep and the beginning of the intensified zone Range Selector Switch This three position switch selects 0 5 us 10 us and 0 2 ms of delay time To increase the sweep delay from the calibrated setting of the Range Selector switch rotate the MULTIPLIER control clockwise MULTIPLIER Control Provides variable sweep delay from less than 1 to greater than 20 times the setting of the Range Selector switch SEC DIV Switch Used to select the sweep speed for the sweep generator in a 1 2 5 sequence For calibrated sweep speeds the SEC DIV Variable control must be in the calibrated detent fully clock wise P 5 HORIZONTAL MOBE NO DiY ENS YD SEC DIV 3 gt X 3397 06 Figure 5 Horizontal controls SEC DIV Variable Control Provides continuously variable uncalibrated sweep speeds to at least 2 5 times the calibrated setting It extends the slowest sweep speed to at least 1 25 s per division X10 Magnifier Switch To increase displayed sweep speed by a factor of 10 pull out the SEC DIV Variable knob The fastest sweep speed can be extended to 5 ns per division Push in the SEC DIV Variable control knob to regain the XI sweep speed HORIZONTAL MODE Switch This three position switch determines the mode of operation for the horizontal deflection system NO DLY Horizontal deflection is provided by the sweep generator without a de
16. PUT Signal at PROBE ADJUST Jack Voltage 0 5 v t2096 Repetition Rate 1 kHz 20 Sensitivity 5 V causes noticeable modulation Positive going input signal decreases intensity Usable Frequency Range Dc to 5 MHz Maximum Safe Input Voltage 30 V dc peak ac or 30 V p p ac at 1 kHz or less Input Impedance 10 kQ410 POWER SOURCE Line Voltage Range 90 V to 250 V 8 Line Frequency Range 48 Hz to 62 Hz Maximum Power Consumption 50 W Line Fuse 2 A 250 V fast Performance Requirement not checked in Service Manual 30 2213 Operator Table 2 cont Characteristics Performance Requirements Supplemental Information CATHODE RAY TUBE Display Area 80 by 100 mm Nominal Accelerating Voltage 10 000 V SPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual Table 3 Environmental Characteristics Characteristics Description NOTE The instrument meets all of the following MIL T 288006 require ments for Class 5 equipment Temperature Operating 0 to 450 C 432 F to 122 F Nonoperating 55 C to 475 C 67 F to 167 F Altitude Operating To 4 500 m 15 000 ft Maximum operating temperature decreased 1 C per 300 m 1 000 ft above 1 500 m 5 000 ftt Nonoperating To 15 000 m 50 000 ft Humidity Operating and Nonoperating 5 cycles 120 hours referenced to MI L T 28800B Class 5 instruments Vibration Operating 15 minutes along each of 3 major axes at a total dis
17. Selector switch for the appropriate delayed time Adjust the MULTIPLIER control to position the start of the intensified zone to the portion of the display to be magnified see Figure 20A 2213 Operators 6 Select the DLY D HORIZONTAL MODE and increase the sweep speed to magnify the intensified portion of the sweep see Figure 20B 7 The apparent sweep magnification can be calculated from the following formula Apparent Delayed Sweep Magnification initial SEC DIV setting second SEC DIV setting EXAMPLE Determine the apparent magnification of a display with an initial SEC DIV switch setting of 0 1 ms and the second SEC DIV switch setting of 1 us Substituting the given values Apparent 1x10 5s Magnification 1x10 s POINT OF INTEREST INTENSIFIED TO BE MAGNIFIED eee on L NAE LIE UL Ill iM IL 3397 21 Figure 20 Delayed sweep magnification 25 2213 Operators Pulse Jitter Time Measurement To measure pulse jitter time 1 Perform steps 1 through 6 of the preceding Mag nif ied Sweep procedure 2 Referring to Figure 21 measure the difference between Point A and Point B in divisions and calculate the pulse jitter time using the following formula Pulse horizontal second Jitter difference x SEC DIV Time divisions switch setting MEASURE TIME FROM pve Figure 21 Pulse jitter SPECIFICATION The following electrical charact
18. Tektronix Inc P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 070 3397 00 Product Group 46 Tektronix COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE PLEASE CHECK FOR CHANGE INFORMATION AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL 2213 OSCILLOSCOPE OPERATORS INSTRUCTION MANUAL 97077 Serial Number First Printing JUN 1981 Revised AUG 1982 2213 Operators CONTROLS CONNECTORS AND INDICATORS The following descriptions are intended to familiarize the operator with the location operation and function of the instrument s controls connectors and indicators POWER DISPLAY AND PROBE ADJUST Refer to Figure 3 for location of items 1 through 7 i Internal Graticule Eliminates parallax viewing error between the trace and graticule lines Rise time amplitude and measurement points are indicated at the left edge of the graticule e POWER Switch Turns instrument power on and off Press in for ON press again for OFF AUTO FOCUS Control Adjusts display for optimum definition Once set the focus of the crt display will 2218 e 3397 04 Figure 3 Power display and probe adjust controls connector and indicator be maintained as changes occur in the intensityevel of the trace PROBE ADJ Connector Provides an approximately 0 5 V negative going square wave voltage at ap proximately 1 kHz that permits the operator to com pensate voltage probes and to check operation of the oscilloscope vertical system It is not intended to ver i
19. The SEC DIV switch is set to 50 wus the X10 magnifier knob is pulled out and the horizontal difference between waveform measurement points is 4 5 divisions Substituting the given values in the formula Time 50 us div x 4 5 div EOM e M cui dE UE Difference 10 CHANNEL 1 REFERENCE r CHANNEL 2 5096 AMPLITUDE LEVEL MEASURE TIME FROM I HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCE 465 DM O 14 Figure 17 Time difference between two time related pulses 21 2213 Operators Phase Difference In a similar manner to Time Difference phase com parison between two signals of the same frequency can be made using the dual trace feature of the 2213 This method of phase difference measurement can be used up to the frequency limit of the vertical system To make a phase comparison use the following procedure 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace then set the TRIGGER SOU RCE switch to CH 1 2 Set both AC GND DC switches to the same position depending on the type of input coupling desired 3 Using either probes or coaxial cables with equal time delays connect a known reference signal to the Channel 1 input and the unknown signal to the Channel 2 input 4 Select BOTH VERTICAL MODE then select either ALT or CHOP depending on the frequency of the input signals The reference signal should precede the comparison signal in time 5 If the two signals are of opposite p
20. at least 50 MHz Dcto at least 50 MHz SPerformance Requirement not checked in Service Manual 2213 Operators Supplemental Information 1X gain adjusted with VOLTS DIV switch set to 20 mV per division 10X gain adjusted with VOLTS DIV switch set to 2 mV per division Measured with a vertically centered 5 division reference signal from a 50 Q source driving a 50 Q coaxial cable that is terminated in 50 Q at the input connector with the VOLTS DIV Variable control in its CAL detent 5 8 ns or less Hise time is calculated from the formula Rise Time 2 __ BW in MHz Measured with a vertically centered 6 division reference signal from a 50 Q source driving a 50 92 coaxial cable that is terminated in 50 Q both at the input connector and at the P6120 probe input with the VOLTS DIV Variable control in its CAL detent 2 2213 Operators Table 2 cont Characteristics Performance Requirements Supplemental Information VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM cont Input Characteristics Resistance 1 MQ 2 2 Capacitance 30 pF 3pF Maximum Safe Input Voltage N DC Coupled 400 V dc peak ac or 800 V p p ac to 1 kHz or less AC Coupled 400 V dc peak ac or 800 V p p ac to 1 kHz or less Common Mode Rejection Ratio At least 10 to 1 at 10 MHz Checked at 20 mV per division for CMRR common mode signals of 8 divisions or less with VOLTS DIV Variable control adjusted for best CMRR at 50 kHz TRIG
21. ator to provide a 5 division display 4 Observe that the positive peaks of the waveform are blanked indicating intensity modulation adjust AUTO INTENSITY control as necessary 5 Disconnect the 50 2 cable from the Z AXIS INPUT connector and disconnect the dual input coupler from the CH 1 input connector TV SIGNAL DISPLAYS Displaying a TV Line rate Signal 1 Perform the steps and set the controls as outlined under Baseline Trace and Signal Display to obtain a basic display of the desired TV signal 2 Set A SEC DIV to 10 us and A amp B INT to CH 1 or CH 2 as appropriate for applied signal 3 Set A TRIGGER SLOPE for a positive going signal lever up if the applied TV signal sync pulses are positive going or for a negative going signal lever down if the TV sync pulses are negative going OPERATOR S INTRODUCTION Two adjustments should be performed before making measurements with your oscilloscope Trace Rotation and Probe Compensation Before proceeding with the following adjustment instructions verify that the correct line fuse is installed refer to the Preparation for Use information Verify that the POWER switch is OFF button out then plug the power cord into the ac power input source Push in the POWER switch ON and allow a 20 minute warm up time before starting these adjustments TRACE ROTATION 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace refer to Instrument Familiarizati on
22. channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used 3 Set the appropriate VOLTS DIV switch to display about five divisions of the waveform ensuring that the VOLTS DIV Variable control is in the CAL detent 4 Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a stable dispaly 5 Set the SEC DIV switch to a position that displays several cycles of the waveform 6 Vertically position the display so that the negative peak of the waveform coincides with one of the horizontal graticule lines see Figure 11 Point A 7 Horizontally position the display so that one of the positive peaks coincides with the center vertical graticule line see Figure 11 Point B 8 Measure the vertical deflection from peak to peak see Figure 11 Point A to Point B REV OCT 1981 POSITION TO CENTERLINE VERTICAL DEFLECTION MEASURE AMPLITUDE FROM A TO B 1738 1 612038 1 5 Figure 11 Peak to peak waveform voltage NOTE If the amplitude measurement is critical or if the trace is thick as a result of hum or noise on the signal a more accurate value can be obtained by measuring from the top of a peak to the top of a valley This will eliminate trace thickness from the measurement 9 Calculate the lowing formula peak to peak voltage using the fol vertical VOLTS DIV probe Volts p p deflection x switch x attenuation divisions setting factor EXAMPLE The measured peak to peak vertical d
23. display for future comparison in step 11 10 Rotate the SEC DIV Variable control out of the CAL detent to its maximum counterclockwise position 11 Observe that the sweep rate is approximately 2 5 times slower than in step 9 as indicated by more cycles displayed on the screen 12 Return the SEC DIV Variable control to the CAL detent fully clockwise 13 2213 Operators Using the Delay Time Controls 1 Select INTENS HORIZONTAL MODE 2 Rotate the MULTIPLIER control observe that the start of the intensified zone moves along the display 3 Select DLY D HORIZONTAL MODE and observe that the intensified zone previously viewed with INTENS selected is now displayed on the crt screen 4 Observe that the display moves continuously across the screen as the MULTIPLIER control is rotated 5 Set the SEC DIV switch to 5 us and observe that the magnification of the display is approximately 100 times greater 6 Select NO DLY HORIZONTAL MODE and return the SEC DIV switch to 0 5 ms Using the Trigger Section 1 Rotate the TRIGGER LEVEL control between its maximum clockwise and counterclockwise positions The display will remain triggered throughout the rotation of the control 2 Return the TRIGGER LEVEL control to the midrange position 3 Set the TRIGGER SLOPE switch to X minus Observe that the display starts on the negative going slope of the applied signal 4 Return the TRIGGER SLOPE switch to plus Obser
24. display will alternate between channels at all sweep speeds This mode is most useful for sweep speeds from 0 05 us to 0 2 ms per division 23 Select CHOP VERTICAL MODE and rotate the SEC DIV switch throughout is range except X Y A dual trace display will be presented at all sweep speeds but unlike the ALT mode both Channel 1 and Channel 2 signals are displayed for each sweep speed on a time shared basis This mode is most useful for sweep speeds from 0 5 ms to 0 5 s per division 2213 Operators 24 Select CH 1 VERTICAL MODE and set Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to DC Recenter the display on the screen Using the Horizontal Section 1 Return the SEC DIV switch to 0 5 ms and note the display for future comparison in step 3 2 Set the SEC DIV switch to 5 ms and pull the SEC DIV Variable control knob out to obtain X10 sweep magnification 3 Observe that the display is similar to that obtained in step 1 4 Rotate the Horizontal POSITION control throughout its range Observe that the display can be positioned to either side of the center vertical graticule line 5 Push in the SEC DIV Variable control knob to obtain a XI sweep 6 Return the SEC DIV switch to 0 5 ms 7 Rotate the VAR HOLDOFF control to its maximum clockwise position 8 Observe that the crt trace starts to flicker as the holdoff between sweeps is increased 9 Return the VAR HOLDOFF control to its NORM position fully counterclockwise Note the
25. ed to the input of the trigger circuit INT Permits triggering on signals that are applied to the CH 1 OR X and CH 2 OR Y input con nectors The source of the internal signal is selected by the INT switch LINE Provides a triggering signal from a sample of the ac power source waveform This trigger source is useful when channel input signals are time related multiple or submultiple to the frequency on the power source input voltage EXT Permits triggering on signals applied to the EXT INPUT connector SEDEM TRIGGER spem etm VAR MOLDOFF la WAALS NORM MAX MODE AUTO NGRM TY FIELD xi DNT SOURCE COUPLING apin CH I INF AC s VERT 3 vd UNE oc H2 ExT zu L E fo RR NPUT 3397 07 Figure 6 Trigger controls connector and indicator REV NOV 1981 i 2213 Operators INT Switch Selects the source of the triggering signal when the SOURCE switch is set to INT CH I The signal applied to the CH 1 OR X input connector is the source of the trigger signal VERT MODE The internal trigger source is determined by the signals selected for display by the VERTICAL MODE switches CH 2 The signal applied to the CH 2 OR Y input connector is the source of the trigger signal LEVEL Control Selects the amplitude point on the trigger signal at which the sweep is triggered TRIG D Indicator The light emitting diode LED illuminates to indicate that the sweep is triggered SLOPE Sw
26. eflec tion is 4 6 divisions see Figure 11 with a VOLTS DIV switch setting of 0 5 using a 10X probe Substituting the given values Volts p p 4 6 div x 0 5 V div x 10 23 V Instantaneous DC Voltage To measure the dc level at a given point on a waveform use the following procedure 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 2213 Operators 2 Apply the signal to either vertical channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used 3 Verify that the VOLTS DIV Variable control is in the CAL detent and set the AC GND DC switch to GND 4 Vertically position the baseline trace to the center horizontal graticule line 5 Set the AC GND DC switch to DC If the waveform moves above the centerline of the crt the voltage is positive If the waveform moves below the centerline of the crt the voltage is negative NOTE If using Channel 2 ensure that the Channel 2 INVERT switch is in its noninverting mode push button out 6 Set the AC GND DC switch to GND and position the baseline trace to a convenient reference line using the Vertical POSITION control For example if the voltage to be measured is positive position the baseline trace to the bottom graticu le ine If a negative voltage is to be measured position the baseline trace to the top graticule line Do not move the Vertical POSITION control after this reference line has been established The ground refer
27. eristics Table 2 are valid for the 2213 when it has been adjusted at an ambient temperature between 20 C and 30 C has had a warm up period of at least 20 minutes and is operating at an ambient temperature between 0 C and 50 C unless otherwise noted Item listed in the Performance Requirements column are verifiable qualitative or quantitative limits while items listed in the Supplemental Information column are either explanatory notes calibration setup descriptions 26 performance characteristics for which no absolute limits are specified or characteristics that are impractical to check Environmental characteristics are given in Table 3 The 2213 meets the requirements of MI L T 288008 Class 5 equipment except where otherwise noted Physical characteristics of the instrument are listed in Table 4 Characteristics Deflection Factor Range Accu racy 20 C to 30 C 0 C to 50 C Range of VOLTS DI V Variable Control Step Response Rise Time Bandwidth 0 C to 40 C 20 mV to 10 V per Division 2 mV to 10 mV per Division 40 C to 50 C 2 mV to 10 V per Division Chop Mode Repetition Rate Table 2 Electrical Characteristics Performance Requirements VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM 2 mV per division to 10 V per division in a 2 5 sequence Continuously variable between settings Increases deflection factor by at least 2 5 to 1 Dcto at least 60 MHz Dcto
28. fy the accuracy of the vertical gain or time base calibration BEAM FIND Switch When held in compresses the display to within the graticule area and provides a visible viewing intensity to aid in locating off screen displays TRACE ROTATION Control Screwdriver control used to align the crt trace with the horizontal graticule lines AUTO INTENSITY Control Adjusts brightness of the crt display This control has no effect when the BEAM FIND switch is pressed in Once the control Is set intensity is automatically maintained at approximately the same level between SEC DIV switch settings from 0 5 ms per division to 0 05 us per division VERTICAL Refer to Figure 4 for location of items 8 through 16 8 SERIAL and Mod Slots The SERIAL slot is im printed with the instrument s serial number The Mod slot contains the option number that has been installed in the instrument CH 1 OR X and CH 2 OR Y Connectors Provide for application of external signals to the inputs of the vertical deflection system or for an X Y display In the X Y mode the signal connected to the CH 1 OR X connector provides horizontal deflection and the signal connected to the CH 2 OR Y con nector provides vertical deflection GND Connector Provides direct connection to instrument chassis ground REV NOV 1981 MHz OSCILLOSCOPE ML CHI BOTH CH 10K S 3397 05 Figure 4 Vertical controls and connectors 11 Input Coupling AC GND DC Sw
29. g formula horizontal SEC DIV distance x switch Time divisions setting Duration z magnification factor EXAMPLE The distance between the time measurement points is 8 3 divisions see Figure 15 and the SEC DIV switch is set to 2 ins The X10 Magnifier switch is pushed in 1 X magnification Substituting the given values Time Duration 8 3 div x 2 ms div 16 6 ms Frequency The frequency of a recurrent signal can be determined from its time duration measurement as follows 1 Measure the time duration of one waveform cycle using the preceding Time Duration measurement pro cedu re 2 Calculate the reciprocal of the time duration value to determine the frequency of the waveform EXAMPLE The signal in Figure 15 has a time duration of 16 6 ms 20 Calculating the reciprocal of time duration eu Se IO HZ Frequency time duration 16 6 ms Rise Time Rise time measurements use the same methods as time duration except that the measurements are made between the 10 and 90 points on the leading edge of the wave form see Figure 16 Fall time is measured between the 90 and 10 points on the trailing edge of the waveform 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 2 Apply an exact 5 division signal to either vertical channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used Ensure that the VOLTS DIV Variable control is in the CAL detent NOTE For
30. intensified zone When viewing aperiodic signals such as complex digital waveforms with DLY D HORIZONTAL MODE selected the start of the sweep may not be at the same point as the start of the intensified zone It may be necessary to connect a reference signal of the system under test to the EXT INPUT connector to ensure correct display of the selected portion of the waveform Using delayed sweep magnification may produce a display with some slight horizontal movement pulse jitter Pulse jitter includes not only the inherent uncertainty of triggering the delayed sweep at exactly the same trigger point each time but also jitter that may be present in the input signal If pulse jitter needs to be measured use the Pulse Jitter Time Measurement procedure which follows the discussion of Magnified Sweep Magnified Sweep The following procedure explains how to operate the delayed sweep feature and to determine the resulting apparent magnification factor 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 2 Apply the signal to either vertical channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used 3 Set the appropriate VOLTS DIV switch to produce a display of approximately 5 divisions in amplitude and center the display 4 Set the SEC DIV switch to a sweep speed which displays at least one complete waveform cycle 5 Select INTENS HORIZONTAL MODE and set the DELAY TIME Range
31. itch Selects the slope of the signal that triggers the sweep also refer to TV Signal Displays at the end of Instrument Familiarization I Sweep is triggered on portion of the trigger signal the positive going X Sweep is triggered on the negative going portion of the trigger signal MODE Switch Determines the trigger mode for the sweep AUTO Permits triggering on waveforms having repetition rates of at least 20 Hz Sweep free runs in the absence of an adquate trigger signal or when the repetition rate is below 20 Hz The range of the TRIGGER LEVEL control will compensate for the amplitude variations of the trigger signals NORM Sweep is initiated when an adequate trigger signal is applied In the absence of a trigger signal no baseline trace will be present Triggering on television lines is accomplished in this mode TV FIELD Permits triggering on television field rate signals refer to TV Signal Displays at the end of Instrument Familiarization VAR HOLDOFF Control Provides continuous con trol of holdoff time between sweeps Increases the holdoff time by at least a factor of four This control improves the ability to trigger on aperiodic signals such as complex digital waveforms 2213 Operators REAR PANEL intensity modulate the crt display Applied signals do not affect display waveshape Signals with fast rse times and fall times provide the most abrupt Refer to Figure 7 for location of item 32 inte
32. itches Used to select the method of coupling input signals to the vertical deflection system AC Input signal is capacitively coupled to the vertical amplifier The dc component of the input signal is blocked Low frequency limit 3 dB point is approximately 10 Hz GND The input of the vertical amplifier is grounded to provide a zero ground reference voltage display does not ground the input signal This switch position allows precharging the input coupling capacitor DC All frequency components of the input signal are coupled to the vertical deflection system CH 1 VOLTS DIV and CH 2 VOLTS DIV Switches Used to select the vertical deflection factor in a I 2 5 sequence To obtain a calibrated deflection factor the VOLTS DIV variable control must be in detent 1X PROBE Indicates the deflection factor selected when using either a 1X probe or a coaxial cable REV OCT 1981 2213 Operators 10X PROBE Indicates the deflection factor selected when using a 10X probe VOLTS DIV Variable Controls When rotated coun ter clockwise out of their detent positions these controls provide continuously variable uncalibrated deflection factors between the calibrated settings of the VOLTS DIV switches Extends maximum uncali brated deflection factor to 25 volts per division with IX probe a range of at least 2 51 INVERT Switch Inverts the Channel 2 display when button is pressed in Push button must be pressed in a second time
33. l 2 input 4 Select BOTH and ALT VERTICAL MODE and press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button 5 Adjust the Channel 2 VOLTS DIV switch and Vari able control so that the Channel 2 display is approximately the same amplitude as the undesired portion of the Chan nel 1 display see Figure 14A 6 Select ADD VERTICAL MODE and slightly readjust the Channel 2 VOLTS DIV Variable control for maximum cancellation of the undesired signal component see Figure 14B Time Duration To measure time between two points on a waveform use the following procedure 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 2 Apply the signal to either vertical channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the channel used 3 Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain a stable display 4 Set the SEC DIV switch to display one complete period of the waveform Ensure that the SEC DIV Variable control is in the CAL detent 5 Position the display to place the time measurement points on the center horizontal graticule line see Fig ure 15 CH 2 SIGNAL FROM LINE FREQUENCY SOURCE INVERTED SIGNAL WITH COMPONENT UE Labeo abes E ptt te B RESULTANT SIGNAL Figure 14 Common mode rejection 2213 Operators HORIZONTAL DISTANCE 1738 20 Figure 15 Time duration 6 Measure the horizontal distance between the time measurement points 7 Calculate time duration using the followin
34. layed start at a sweep speed determined by the SEC DIV switch INTENS Horizontal deflection is provided by the sweep generator at a sweep speed determined by the SEC DIV switch The sweep generator also provides an intensified zone on the display The start of the intensified zone represents the sweep start point when DLY D HOHIZONTAL MODE is selected DLY D Horizontal deflection is provided by the sweep generator at a sweep speed determined by the SEC DIV switch setting The start of the sweep is delayed from the initial sweep trigger point by a time determined by the setting of the DELAY TIME Range Selector switch and MULTI PLIER control POSITION Control Positions the display hori zontally in all modes TRIGGER Refer to Figure 6 for locations of items 23 through 30 23 EXT INPUT Connector Provides a means of intro ducing external signals into the trigger generator 24 EXT COUPLING Switch Determines the method used tO couple external signals to the Trigger circuit AC Signals above 60 Hz are capacitively coupled to the input of the Trigger circuit Any dc com ponents are blocked and signals below 60 Hz are attenuated DC All components of the signal are coupled to the trigger circuitry This position is useful for displaying low frequency or low repetition rate signals DC 10 External trigger signals are attenuated by a factor of 10 SOURCE Switch Determines the source of the trigger signal that is coupl
35. miliarization Procedure Description Minimum Specification Calibration Standard amplitude accuracy 0 25 Generator Signal amplitude 2 mV to 50 V Output signal 1 kHz square wave Fast rise repetition rate 1 to 100 kHz Rise time 1 ns or less Signal amplitude 100 mV to 1 V Aberrations 2 Dual Input Connectors bnc female to dual bnc male Coupler Cable Impedance 50 Length 42 in 2 required Connectors bnc Adapter Connectors bnc female to bnc female Termination Impedance 50 Q Connectors bnc BASELINE TRACE First obtain a baseline trace using the following procedure 1 Preset the instrument front panel controls as follows Display AUTO INTENSITY AUTO FOCUS Vertical Both Channels AC GND DC VOLTS DIV VOLTS D IV Variable VERTICAL MODE INVERT POSITION Horizontal SEC DIV SEC DIV Variable HORIZONTAL MODE X 10 Magnifier POSITION DELAY TIME Range Selector MULTIPLIER Trigger SLOPE LEVEL MODE EXT COUPLING SOURCE VAR HOLDOFF INT Fully counterclockwise minimum Midrange AC 50m IX Calibrated detent fully clockwise CH 1 Off button out Midrange 0 5 ms Calibrated detent fully clockwise NO DLY Off variable knob in Midrange 0 2 ms Fully counterclockwise JS lever up Midrange AUTO AC INT Fully counterclockwise VERT MODE 2 Press in the POWER switch button ON and allow the instrument to warm up for 20 minutes 3 Adj
36. ng steps 1 through 10 using Channel 2 controls Performance should be similar to Channel 1 CALIBRATION GENERATOR AMPL OUTPUT 3397 10 Figure 9 Initial setup for instrument familiarization procedure 12 12 Set both Channel 1 and Channel 2 AC GND DC switches to DC Ensure that both CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS DIV switches are set to 0 1 1 X for 2 division displays 13 Select BOTH and ADD VERTICAL MODE and observe that the resulting display is 4 divisions in amplitude Both Channel 1 and Channel 2 POSITION controls should move the display Recenter the display on the screen 14 Press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert the Channel 2 signal 15 Observe that the display isa straight line indicating that the algebraic su m of the tWw 0 signals is zero 16 Set the CH 2 VOLTS DIV switch to 50 m 1X 17 Observe the 2 division display indicating that the algebraic sum of the two signals is no longer zero 18 Press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button again to release it Observe a noninverting display having a 6 division signal amplitude 19 Set both Channel 1 and Channel 2 AC GND DC switches to GND 20 Set the CH 1 VOLTS DIV switch to 50 m 1X 21 Select ALT VERTICAL MODE Position the Chan nel 1 trace two divisions above the center graticule line and position the Channel 2 trace two divisions below the center graticule line 22 Rotate the SEC DIV switch throughout its range except X Y The
37. nsity change and a 5 V p p signal will produce noticeable modulation The Z axis signals must be g EXT Z AXIS Connector Provides a means of con time related to the display to obtain a stable present necting external signals to the Z axis amplifier to ation on the crt CAUTION CAUTION T8 AVOID ELECTRIC COR RETNA HBE SPT HO cuore Tu ona TYPE AND RATED FUSE DISCONNECT GROUNDING CONDUCTOR POWER INPUT BEFORE REPLACING FUSE MUST BE CONNECTED ND LINE VOLTAGE RANDE FUSE 250V TO GROU E EXT Z AXIS INPUT I YKQ POSITIVE GOING INPUT BECREASES 08 NOT REMOVE INTENSITY COVER REFER VOLT PP CAUSES SERVICING TG NOTICEABLE QUALIFIER MOBULATION AT PERSONNEL Pos NORMAL INTENSITY ERR NS ud j 30V PEAK POWER e MAX WATTS 55 fr MAX CURRENT ASL 16A RMS wy FREQ 48 62Hz ada iEKTRONIX INC BEAVERTON OREGON USA 3397 08 Figure 7 Rear panel connector 2213 Operators OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS This section contains basic operating information and techniques that should be considered before attempting any measurements GRATICULE The graticule is internally marked on the faceplate of the crt to enable accurate measurements without parallax error see Figure 8 It is marked with eight vertical and ten horizontal major divisions Each major division is divided into five subdivisions The vertical deflection factors and horizontal timing are calibrated to the graticule so that accurate measurements can be
38. olarity press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert the Channel 2 display 6 Set both VOLTS DIV switches and both Variable controls so the displays are equal in amplitude 7T Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable display 8 Set the SEC DIV switch to a sweep speed which displays about one full cycle of the waveforms 9 Position the displays and adjust the SEC DIV Vari able control so that one reference signal cycle occupies exactly 8 horizontal graticule divisions at the 5096 rise time points see Figure 18 Each division of the graticule now represents 45 of the cycle 360 8 divisions and the horizontal graticule calibration can be stated as 45 per division 10 Measure the horizontal difference between cor responding points on the waveforms at a common hori zontal graticule line 50 of rise time and calculate the phase difference using the following formula 22 horizontal Ph horizontal raticule ase difference g Difference ANM calibration divisions deg div EXAMPLE The horizontal difference is 0 6 division with a graticule calibration of 45 per division as shown in Figure 18 Substituting the given values into the phase difference formula Phase Difference 0 6 div x 45 div 27 More accurate phase measurements can be made by using the X10 Magnifier function to increase the sweep rate without changing the SEC DIV Variable control setting EXAMPLE If the sweep
39. onnector 2213 Operators 3 Wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor to discharge 4 Connect the probe tip to the signal source 5 Wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor to charge 6 Set the AC GND DC switch to AC The display will remain on the screen and the ac component of the signal can be measured in the normal manner INSTRUMENT COOLING To maintain adequate instrument cooling the ventila tion holes on both sides and rear panel of the equipment cabinet must remain free of obstructions INSTRUMENT FAMILIARIZATION INTRODUCTION The procedures in this section are designed to assist you in quickly becoming familiar with the 2213 They provide information which demonstrates the use of all the controls connectors and indicators and will enable you to effi ciently operate the instrument Before proceeding with these instructions verify that the POWER switch is OFF push button out then plug the power cord into the ac power input source outlet If during the performance of these procedures an im proper indication or instrument malfunction is noted first verify correct operation of associated equipment Should the malfunction persist refer the instrument to qualified service personnel for repair or adjustment The equipment listed in Table 1 or equivalent equip ment is required to complete these familiarization procedures 10 Table 1 Equipment Required for Instrument Fa
40. ontal j duration seconds Conversion horizontal SEC DIV Factor i distance x switch divisions setting 3 For the unknown signal adjust the SEC DIV switch to a setting that provides sufficient horizontal deflection to make an accurate measurement Do not readjust the SEC D IV Variable control 4 Establish an arbitrary deflection factor using the following formula Arbitrary horizontal SEC DIV Deflection conversion x switch Factor factor setting 5 Measure the horizontal distance of the unknown signal in divisions and calculate its time duration using the following formula arbitrary horizontal Time i deflection x distance Duration EMT factor divisions 6 Frequency of the unknown signal can then be deter mined by calculating the reciprocal of its time duration EXAMPLE The reference signal time duration is 2 19 ms the SEC DIV switch setting is 0 2 ms and the 24 SEC DIV Variable control is adjusted to provide a horizontal distance of exactly 8 divisions Su bstituting the given values in the horizontal conver sion factor formula Horizontal Conversion cm o 1 37 8 div x 0 2 ms div Factor Continuing for the unknown signal the SEC DIV switch setting is 50 us and one complete cycle spans 7 horizontal divisions The arbitrary deflection factor is then determined by substituting values in the formula Arbitrary Deflection 1 37 x 50 us div 68 5 wUs div Factor The time du
41. placement of 0 015 inch p p 2 4 g at 55 Hz with frequency varied from 10 Hz to 55 Hz to 10 Hz in I minute sweeps Hold for 10 minutes at 55 Hz All major resonances must be above 55 Hz Shock Operating and Nonoperating 30 g half sine 1 l ms duration 3 shocks per axis each direction for a total of 18 shocks 31 223 3 Operators Table 4 Physical Characteristics Characteristics Weight With Front Panel Cover Accessories and Pouch Without Front Panel Cover Accessories and Pouch Description 7 6 kg 16 8 Ib 6 1 kg 13 5 Ib Domestic Shipping 8 2 kg MD Ib Height With Feet and Handle Width With Handle Without Handle Depth With Front Panel Cover Without Front Panel Cover With Handle Extended 137 mm 5 4 in 361 mm 14 2 in 328 mm 12 9 in 445 mm 17 5 in 439 mm 17 3 in 511 mm 20 1 in ACCESSORIES STANDARD ACCESSORIES INCLUDED 2 Probes 10X 1 5 m length with accessories 010 6120 01 2 Probe accessories Grabber Tips 013 0191 00 1 Operators Manual 070 3397 00 1 Service Manual 070 3827 00 32 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Protective Front Panel Cover 200 2520 00 Cord Wrap and Storage Pouch 016 0677 00 Protective Front Panel Cover Cord Wrap and Storage POUCH 5 68 ua Ser on oe on 020 0672 00 Low Cost General Purpose Camera Order C 5C Option 04 SCOPE MOB1
42. ration of the unknown signal can then be computed by substituting values in the formula Time a 68 5 us div x 7 div 480 us The frequency of the unknown signal is then calculated 1 Frequency 480 Us 2 083 kHz DELAYED SWEEP MAGNIFICATION The delayed sweep feature of the 2213 can be used to provide higher apparent magnification than is provided by the X10 Magnifier switch Apparent magnification occurs as a result of displaying a selected portion of the trace INTENS HORIZONTAL MODE at a faster sweep speed DLY D HORIZONTAL MODE When INTENS HORIZONTAL MODE is selected the intensified zone indicates both the location and the start of the sweep that will be displayed in DLY D HORI ZONTAL MODE Positioning of the intensified zone i e setting the amount of time between start of the sweep and start of the intensified zone is accomplished with the MULTIPLIER control and the DELAY TIME Range Selector switch At higher sweep speeds the delay time can be adjusted to allow the starting point of the intensified zone to occur past the end of the display With either INTENS or DLY D HORIZONTAL MODE selected the DELAY TIME Range Selector switch and the MULTIPLIER control provide continuously variable positioning of the start of the delayed sweep The DELAY TIME Range Selector switch allows the start of the inten sified zone to be placed near the point of interest while the MULTIPLIER control provides fine adjustment of the
43. s but they may have considerable effect on the accuracy of a displayed waveform To maintain the original frequency characteristics of an applied signal only high quality low loss coaxial cables should be used Coaxial cables should be terminated at both ends in their characteristic impedance If this is not possible use suitable impedance matching devices INPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR PRECHARGING When the input coupling switch is set to GND the input signal is connected to ground through the input coupling capacitor in series with a 1 MQ resistor to form a pre charging network This network allows the input coupling capacitor to charge to the average dc voltage level of the signal applied to the probe Thus any large voltage transients that may accidentally be generated will not be applied to the amplifier input when the input coupling switch is moved from GND to AC The precharging net work also provides a measure of protection to the external circuitry by reducing the current levels that can be drawn from the external circuitry during capacitor charging The following procedure should be used whenever the probe tip is connected to a signal source having a different dc level than that previously applied especially if the dc level difference is more than 10 times the VOLTS DIV switch setting 1 Set the AC GND DC switch to GND before con necting the probe tip to a signal source 2 Insert the probe tip into the oscilloscope GND c
44. surement of the time difference between two separate events To measure time difference use the following procedure 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace 2 Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to CH 1 3 Set both AC GND DC switches to the same position depending on the type of input coupling desired 4 Using either probes or cables with equal time delays connect a known reference signal to the Channel 1 input and the comparison signal to the Channel 2 input 5 Set both VOLTS DIV switches for 4 or 5 division displays 6 Select BOTH VERTICAL MODE then select either ALT or CHOP depending on the frequency of input signals 2213 Operators T If the two signals are of opposite polarity press in the Channel 2 INVERT push button to invert the Channel 2 display signals may be of opposite polarity due to 180 phase difference if so note this for use later in the final calculation 8 Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable display 9 Set the SEC DIV switch to a sweep speed which provides three or more divisions of horizontal separation between the reference points on the two displays Center each of the displays vertically see Figure 17 10 Measure the horizontal difference between the two signal reference points and calculate the time difference using the following formula SEC DIV horizontal switch x difference Time setting divisions Difference magnification factor EXAMPLE
45. the Channel 1 signal is at a 3 division positive dc level see Figure 13A 1 Multiply 3 divisions by the VOLTS DIV switch setting to determine the dc level value 2 To the Channel 2 input connector apply a negative dc level or positive level using the Channel 2 INVERT switch whose value was determined in step 1 see Fig ure 13B 3 Select ADD and BOTH VERTICAL MODE to place the resultant display within the operating range of the vertical POSITION controls see Figure 13C Common Mode Rejection The ADD mode can also be used to display signals that contain undesirable frequency components The undesirable components can be eliminated through common mode rejection The precautions given under the preceding Algebraic Addition procedure should be observed EXAMPLE The signal applied to the Channel 1 input connector contains unwanted ac input power source frequency components see Figure 14A To remove the undesired components use the following procedure 1 Preset instrument controls and obtain a baseline trace ZLVI Lr OT ATTCETHAUHES POSITIVE LEVEL A CHANNEL 1 SIGNAL WITH 3 DIVISIONS OF POSITIVE DC LEVEL B CHANNEL 2 DISPLAY WITH 3 DIVISIONS OF NEGATIVE OFFSET Figure 13 Algebraic addition 2213 Operators O RESULTANT DISPLAY 465 DM 0 19 2 Apply the signal containing the unwanted line frequency components to the Channel 1 input 3 Apply a line frequency signal to the Channe
46. to release it and regain a noninverted display VERTICAL MODE Switches Two three position switches are used to select the mode of operation for the vertical amplifier system CH I Selects only the Channel 1 input signal for display BOTH Selects both Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals for display The BOTH position must be selected for either ADD ALT or CHOP operation CH 2 Selects only the Channel 2 input signal for display ADD Displays the algebraic sum of the Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals ALT Alternately displays Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals The alternation occurs during retrace at the end of each sweep This mode is useful for viewing both input signals at sweep speeds from 0 05 us per division to 0 2 ms per division CHOP The display switches between the Chan nel 1 and Channel 2 input signals during the sweep The switching rate is approximately 250 kHz This mode is useful for viewing both Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals at sweep speeds from 0 5 ms per division to 0 5 s per division POSITION Controls Used to vertically position the display on the crt When the SEC DIV switch is set to X Y the Channel 2 POSITION control moves the display vertically Y axis and the Horizontal POSITION control moves the display horizontally X axis 2213 Operators HORIZONTAL Refer to Figure 5 for location of items 17 through 22 DELAY TIME Two controls are used in conjunction with INTENS and D
47. ust the AUTO INTENSITY control for desired display brightness 4 Adjust the Vertical and Horizontal POSITION controls to center the trace on the screen 2213 Operators NOTE Normally the resulting trace will be parallel with the center horizontal graticule line and should not require adjustment If trace alignment is required see the Trace Rotation adjustment procedure under Opera tor s Adjustments DISPLAYING A SIGNAL After obtaining a baseline trace you are now ready to connect an input signal and display it on the crt screen 1 Connect the calibration generator standard amplitude output to both the CH 1 and CH 2 inputs as shown in Figure 9 2 Set the calibration generator for a standard amplitude 1 kHz square wave signal and adjust its output to obtain a vertical display of 4 divisions 3 Adjust the Channel 1 POSITION control to center the display vertically on the screen 4 Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control if necessary to obtain a stable triggered display NOTE The TRIG D indicator should illuminate to indicate that the sweep is triggered 5 Rotate the AUTO FOCUS control between its maximum clockwise and counterclockwise positions The display should become blurred on either side of the optimum control setting 6 Set the AUTO FOCUS control for a sharp well defined display over the entire trace length 7 Move the display off the screen using the Channel 1 POSITION control
48. values in the vertical conversion factor formula Vertical 30 v Conversion 15 4 div x 5 V div Factor Continuing for the unknown signal the VOLTS DIV switch setting is 1 and the peak to peak amplitude spans five vertical divisions The arbitrary deflection factor is then determined by substituting values in the formual Arbitrary Deflection Factor 1 5 x 1 V div 1 5 V div The amplitude of the unknown signal can then be determined by substituting values in the unknown signal amplitude formula Amplitude 1 5 V div x 5 div 7 5 V 23 2213 Operators Time Comparison In a similar manner to Amplitude Comparison repeated time comparisons between unknown signals and a reference signal e g on assembly line test may be easily and accurately measured with the 2213 To accomplish this a reference signal of known time duration is first set to an exact number of horizontal divisions by adjusting the SEC DIV switch and the SEC DIV Variable control Unknown signals can then be compared with the reference signal without disturbing the setting of the SEC DIV Variable control The procedure is as follows 1 Set the time duration of the reference signal to an exact number of horizontal divisions by adjusting the SEC DIV switch and the SEC DIV Variable control 2 Establish a horizontal conversion factor using the following formula reference signal time duration must be known reference signal time Horiz
49. ve that the display starts on the positive going slope of the applied signal 5 Set the INT switch to CH 1 select CH 2 VERTICAL MODE and set the Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to GND Observe that the display free runs Return the Channel 1 AC GND DC switch to AC 6 Set the INT switch to CH 2 select CH 1 VERTICAL MODE and set the Channel 2 AC GND DC switch to GND Observe that the display free runs Return the Channel 2 AC GND DC switch to AC and set the INT switch to VERT MODE 14 7 Set the TRIGGER MODE switch to NORM 8 Rotate the TRIGGER LEVEL control between its maximum clockwise and counterclockwise positions Observe that the TRIG D indicator illuminates only when the display is correctly triggered 9 Set the TRIGGER MODE switch to AUTO and set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to EXT 10 Remove the calibration signal from the CH 2 input connector and connect it to the EXT INPUT connector 11 Set the CH 1 VOLTS DIV switch to 0 5 IX and adjust the output of the calibration generator to provide a 4 division display Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control for a stable display and note the range over which a stable display can be obtained for comparison in step 13 12 Set the TRIGGER SOURCE switch to EXT 10 13 Observe that adjustment of the TRIGGER LEVEL control provides a triggered display over a narrower range than in preceding step 11 indicating trigger signal attenuation 14 Remove the calibration signal from the
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