ersion 2 - ECUmate
Contents
1. Press RUN to get ECU ear in or NEXT Pao o 90 to menu item i button Left hand a a Right hand button Water Fuel TPOT RPM 92t Sit UM Batt 13 8V ECU OK NEXT Throttle display dr ECU OK 11 LIMP HOME DETECTED NEXT Fuel Pume OFF lt button Lamh LamB TPOT L Pt LEAN LEAN 11 254 g ECU OK NEXT AFM values 8 39938 Fret TS es tin RERE Mo Centre amp Right hand button ECU WATE instruction manual 11 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 6 ECU power on reset test This checks that the ECU is working correctly It primes the fuel pump and resets the stepper motor position when the ECU is first powered on To run this test connect ECU MATE to the TestBook connector and to the cigarette lighter but do not switch on the ECU This will force ECU MATE into performing the test After the self test screens it will display the reset test screen If the ECU is not switched on pas ECU Pouerur Lest ECU WATE will wait until the Res ting for ECU ECU is ready Now switch on the ECU ECU WATE will detect this and will determine the status of the fuel pump and the EEE SE ES stepper motor and display what rel PES a 129 is happening Typically the fuel RRR sess pump should be switched on for a couple of seconds to prime the fuel rail Fuel pump priming will be displayed followed by Fuel pump PRIMED Initially the stepper motor position should be reset2. If the link fails OK changes to ERROR 11 This 1s how much the throttle is open has a value of 0 to 100 with 0 being closed and 100 fully open This value is linear until it gets towards 0 1 e below the throttle minimum position When this happens the value can suddenly change when the ECU detects assumes that there is a fault and substitutes a default value of 11 This indicates that there is a fault with the throttle pot and the ECU is using a default limp home mode LIMP HOME DETECTED This will be shown instead of a bar graph see Section 12 when the ECU detects a fault and uses a default value ECU WATE instruction manual 19 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 11 Typical throttle pot voltages The throttle pot voltage should be 1n the range 0 3 to 0 5V when the throttle 1s closed This corresponds to a percentage value of about 3 to 5 On full throttle the voltage will be around 4 5 to 5 volts The ECU can cope with slight variances in the voltage but it is important for correct operation that the throttle pot is adjusted so that it meets the minimum values If this is not done the throttle position may exceed the idle off threshold so that the idle mode is not enabled when the throttle is closed This can be checked by using the idle control screen and moving the throttle as described in section 12 20 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 12 Throttle display bar gra
3. Www ecumate com www ecumate com www ecumate com www ecumate com Www ecumate com LUOD 9 PLUN29 MMM CUvwvarr eS Eee ee a ta DR ee he aie Be are aT Pig LE no 3 RP RE ob age ro aid E oe Www ecumate com LUOD 9 PLUN29 MMM WO9 9 PLIN29 MMM WWWw ecumate com WO2 9 PLIN29 MMM 3 o u g E Q 3 S S Diagnostic and Fault code reader for the Lucas 14CUX ECU www ecumate com Wwww ecumate com LUOD 9JPLUN29 MMM WWWw ecumate com LUOD 9 ELUN29 MMM Www ecumate com www ecumate com www ecumate com www ecumate com Contents 1 What is ECUMATE 3 2 ECUMATE controls 3 3 ECUMATE screens 4 4 Connecting ECUMATE 6 5 Using ECUMATE 10 6 ECU power on reset test 12 7 Reading fault codes 14 8 Clearing fault codes 15 9 Basic status display 17 10 Throttle display 19 11 Typical throttle pot voltages 20 12 Throttle display bar graph 21 13 Fuel pump control 22 14 Fuel pump operation 23 15 Lambda display 25 16 Lambda operation 27 17 AFM values 29 18 AFM typical values 31 19 Stepper motor idle valve control 12 20 Idle control 34 21 Idle control and stepper motor operation 37 Appendix A Pinout of the 40 pin ECU connector 44 Appendix B 14CUX Fault codes 46 Appendix C Fault symptoms 48 Appendix D Setting the base idle 50 Appendix E Instruction manual updates 52
4. ECU it is simply responding to the incorrectly set up throttle pot and base idle Air leaks The description so far has assumed that there are no air leaks allowing air to bypass the air flow meter and enter the plenum If this happens the mixture will be leaned out and the ECU may find itself in difficulties because it cannot bring the idle down by moving the stepper motor Idle road speed threshold This is another key factor because it is a trigger point for the ECU to go into idle mode It is typically set to a value of 3 mph However it is important to understand that the actual value used by the ECU is a pulse count coming from a sensor that counts shaft revolutions in the gearbox or from the prop shaft or drive shaft As a result the actual value in mph may vary especially when the engine is installed in anon Land Rover car TVR also complicated things by changing to a T5 gearbox and different speed sensor type that could no longer drive the ECU directly To solve this they built a speedo conversion circuit which takes in signals from the speed sensor and outputs either a zero or 30 mph equivalent signal to the ECU This means that the ECU thinks the car is doing either O or 30 mph The change is very abrupt and it takes about 2 3 seconds for the ECU to see the zero signal The problem here is that the unit only sends the signal when the car is stationary Even if the car is only moving at 1 2 mph the ECU thinks itis moving
5. are read the fault will still be flagged if the fault still exists This is the correct operation of the ECU MATE not an ECU MATE fault Please note that if o fault still exists To start the operation press ne will the code CONT ECU MATE will display status information on the fault clearance process and will indicate 1f an error occurred The process can be repeated by pressing RETRY in either case Pressing NEXT will go to Lonnecting to ECU the next screen Fault codes cleared NEXT If the ECU is not powered up or the comms cable is disconnected ECU Megat ts Manes Ime Connectionerror will ECU Connection error Shan oh NEXT RETRY ECU WATE instruction manual 15 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 ECU WATE does not fix faults it only reports them so they can be fixed and a fix confirmed Once a fix has been attempted clear the fault codes using this function and read them again See Section 7 If the fault has been cured the fault code will not appear If the fault code still appears the fix has not been successful 16 ECUMATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 9 Basic status display This screen shows the basic engine parameters and can sa Esto a rg be used as a first level check AFIN Nr STA ox that the engine is running NEXT correctly Water Displays the water temperature in degrees C that the ECU sees from the temperature sensor This can be can be co
6. coping with unexpected speed signals In the Land Rover the ECU starts reducing the idle speed when it goes below the threshold so that when the car eventually stops the low idle is already there I am currently developing a replacement unit for the TVR TS gear box that generates the correct speed profile allowing the speedo to be recalibrated and effectively allows the speed threshold to be adjusted to come in later if needed Solving high idle problems 1 Set the correct base idle 2 Ensure the stepper motor is clean and reset if necessary 3 Replace the TVR speedo unit to correct the ECU speedo signal During ECU MATE pre production testing it was found that some TVRs exhibit a random stepper motor reset on power up which may explain why they can suffer with idling issues because the initial starting position is inaccurate In these cases the reset is only performed randomly which leads to random idling problems It is possible to use ECU MATE to reset the position by moving the stepper directly to correct the problem ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 This page is intentionally blank ECUMATE instruction manual 43 ECUMATE 2012 v2 O ECUmate Limited 2012 Appendix A Pinout of the 40 pin ECU connector Pin 1 O Ons UON 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Ie 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 Ad Color Red green Brown orange Yellow Bla
7. engine loads are placed on it or when the throttle is lifted during a gear change This indicates that the stepper motor is actually being used when the ECU enters idle mode or moves in response to changes in the BOX or A C signal Increasing electrical load such as engine fans may also cause it to change especially when the load is removed ECU OK This is the status of the communications link between the ECU and ECU MATE If a problem is detected the status will change to ERROR ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 21 Idle control and stepper motor operation Idle control and stepper operation are closely connected The stepper motor is only used when the ECU is in idle mode and as a result many so called stepper motor faults are not caused by a defective part but by the ECU being in the wrong mode Idle control is only entered when the throttle pot is set to below a threshold and the car is stationary or moving below a idle speed threshold This threshold speed is about 3 mph If a road speed signal is constantly supplied to the ECU the ECU will not enter idle mode the stepper motor valve will not extend so idle remains high and seems to be stuck If no road speed signal is present even when the car is moving idle mode will only be entered when the throttle is lifted and this can result in stalling as the ECU tries to bring down the revs when it shouldn t e g lifting off the
8. litre engine Whilst the AFM will supply the ECU with a voltage of around 0 3 to 0 7 volts when the engine is not running the ECU effectively ignores it and ECU MATE will report a static default value in the AFM screen ECUMATE instruction manual 31 ECUMATE 2012 v2 O ECUmate Limited 2012 19 Stepper motor idle valve control This information screen displays the stepper motor idle control valve position as seen by the ECU The function buttons allow ECU MATE to control the idle valve by either retracting or extending the valve tip position This allows the valve and its wiring to be checked for correct operation Retracting allows more air EE iss Status to bypass the throttle and the ECS CONTE y Extend idle speed should increase p Extending the stepper motor mexi Move Ret will restrict the air and the idle speed should decrease to the point where the engine may stall oterrer motor status Positioner The centre red button will Ext er H 109 Move and Stop the valve and AS StoP Ret the right hand button will set the direction either Extend or Retract Position ECU This displays the current position of the valve as seen by the ECU It will change when the ECU starts to use the valve to control the idle speed and will vary from O to 255 The ECU will extend the valve when it is first powered up to reset its position This forces the valve against the housing and then it will move it back into a mid position as in
9. numbered at the 34 Coolant H20 ter top right hand corner of the screen where the total number of faults and the current fault number is shown The faults can be stepped through by pressing NEXT Descriptions of the fault codes are shown aS fus coda R A automatically fault EXIT NEXT When the last code is displayed leave by pressing EXIT If NEXT is pressed at this point it will re fetch the fault codes ECU MATE will fetch ALL the fault conditions that the ECU has flagged Please note the faults are only kept while the ECU is connected to the battery Disconnecting the battery or the ECU itself will clear all internal faults ECU MATE can clear the fault codes without doing this This is described in the next section The list of fault codes is in section 23 14 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 8 Clearing fault codes This menu screen allows the fault codes stored in the ECU to be cleared without having to reset or disconnect the ECU The process is started by Do pressing YES A screen will Bess etu Pat TR then be displayed warning what will actually happen to NO YES the fault code If the fault still exists the ECU will immediately reinstate it when the fault flag is cleared For example if the ECU detects a fault with the throttle pot this function will clear the fault flag but it will not cure the throttle pot fault itself The next time the fault codes
10. stationary when it is in fact moving or vice versa Some faults e g a disconnected water temperature sensor may prevent the stepper motor from resetting on power up and give the impression that the stepper motor is faulty If this is suspected ECU WATE can be used to move the stepper motor directly to confirm that it is still working The next screen displays more information on this ECU WATE instruction manual 33 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 20 Idle control 34 This information screen displays information on the idle control status and can be used to diagnose poor or high A 255 ECU OK idling The 14CUX ECU will sa only go into full idle mode when it detects the car is stationary and the throttle position is below the idle threshold point ROAD BOX A C IDL POS stor D off off 189 ROAD This signal is used by the ECU to determine whether the car is stationary or moving The information is shown in two ways the actual value and a text interpretation of what the status is e g stop and O Its primary use is to tell the ECU when to switch into idle mode but in some vehicles it is also used to trigger an upper speed limit This limit is usually restricted to 4x4s and is usually removed in TVRs and other sports cars However if an ECU is replaced an upper speed limit may be inadvertently enabled The values are displayed as both a status and as an actual value This signal will change with the road speed and is
11. taken directly from the built in speed sensor fitted to the LT77 gearbox On T5 equipped TVRs such as the Griffith 500 this signal is supplied by a conversion box that takes the road speed sensor signal and generates an additional version for the ECU This is an all or nothing type signal that bears no relation to the actual road speed As long as the car is moving the signal is constantly generated It does not change as the car slows down BOX This signal tells the ECU whether the car is in park or neutral P N or drive D This is normally changed by a micro switch on the automatic gear box The ECU recognises the gearbox status by measuring the voltage between the input pin and ground There ECUYATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 is normally a resistor connected between these two pins and by changing this the ECU can discriminate between values and hence gearbox status As a result the values change a little and are not simply O or 255 Instead the 0 value can actually vary between O and 50 and the 255 value from 230 to 255 With sports cars like TVRs it can display an intermediate value of about 128 indicated by With some Marcos cars this signal is left open with no modifications to the software and this can lead to a fault code being flagged up The cure is to connect a 510 ohm resistor between the signal and ground to force it into the P N mode The fault can al
12. there are sparks at the spark plug but still no fuel pump priming message the problem is likely to be the connection between the coil and the ECU itself 24 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 15 Lambda display This screen shows the lambda idle and throttle pot status The throttle pot value 1s shown as a percentage The 14CUX ECU uses two lambda sensors known as Lambda A and Lambda B SERRES RE D os Their values are displayed HH LEAN 2 UN along with text describing the mixture status Mis ECL OK LamA LamB These can be LEAN RICH or OK The sensors are narrow band and act as a Switch to indicate either a rich or lean mixture As a result the ECU oscillates between the two conditions so that on average the mixture is correct This switching happens about once a second If the values stay at O the lambda has reached a LEAN clamp and this may indicate an error Similarly if it reaches and stays on 255 it has reached a RICH clamp This can give some indication of how the lambda has failed if a lambda fault is given Along side each of the values is a symbol that indicates the sensor status This can either be _ or W for low and high respectively If the value is stationary X is shown indicating that the value is not oscillating or that the ECU is running in open loop mode TPOT The throttle position is shown with this screen because lambda control is typically only operational w
13. to O and then move to a position in the range 109 140 shown as 129 in the example Failure to do either may not be catastrophic as some TVR versions of the 14CUX seem to randomly not perform this sequence If the test is not completed successfully try starting the engine If it starts then the fuel pump must be switched on and ECU MATE will display Fuel pump priming The failure to reset the stepper motor may cause problems with idle but these can be investigated further with later screens If the engine does not start but the message Fuel pump priming appears the fuel pump is being switched on but something else is going wrong This may be something simple as forgetting to disable an immobiliser 12 ECUYATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 If this message does not appear go to the fuel pump control screen and turn on the pump manually If the pump still does not start pumping there 1s a problem either with the pump itself its power feed fuses or immobiliser or its connections ECUMATE instruction manual 13 ECUMATE 2012 v2 O ECUmate Limited 2012 7 Reading fault codes This screen allows the fault codes stored in the ECU to be read at any time To skip press RUN to set ECU this and go to the next screen RENE iten press NEXT NEXT RUN The code reading process is started by pressing RUN This will fetch the information and display it one fault at a time Status i i o Each fault is
14. 2 ECUMATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 1 What is ECUMATE ECU MATE is an easy to use diagnostic unit that makes the key ECU data visible and allows the testing of engine hardware such as the idle valve control and the fuel pump which provide status information to the ECU ECU MATE communicates directly with the 14CUX ECU using the five pin TestBook connector that is present on all installations using the 14CUX ECU This is a lightweight unit designed to be hand held measuring approx 12 x 17 5 x 3 5cm ECU MATE provides a cost effective and time saving approach to diagnosing faults in addition to allowing regular checks to monitor engine health 2 ECUMATE controls The controls comprise three push buttons and a 4 row x 20 character white text on blue background back lit display which enhances visibility in bright sunlight The buttons are used to navigate through the various screens and provide the menu control functions SAFETY WARNING For obvious safety reasons this unit SHOULD NOT be used by the driver when driving the car ECU WATE instruction manual 3 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 3 ECUMATE screens ECU WATE provides diagnostic information and test facilities through its various screens Some information is displayed on more than one screen to facilitate ease of use Screens include 4 ECU power on reset test Reading all ECU fault codes Clearing
15. 2 Air flow meter out of range Possible air leak or wiring fault Coolant thermistor out of 14 Faulty sensor or wiring range 15 Fuel thermistor out of range Faulty sensor or wiring 17 Throttle sensor out of range Sensor needs adjustment or is faulty or has wiring fault This can cause low speed misfires Throttle sensor output too Large air leak between throttle butterfly and A F meter or faulty 18 high when air flow low throttle sensor or A F meter 19 Tron e a output tus Faulty A F meter or throttle sensor low when air flow high 21 Tune resistor out of range Check tune resistor resistance 23 Low fuel pressure Blocked fuel filter or faulty pump or pressure regulator Valid for cat cars only Faulty plugs leads electronic ignition unit distributor or coil low fuel pressure or valve or head gasket leak Valid for cat cars only Essentially the lambda sensors have detected an emission fault and this can be caused by almost anything within the engine s ignition 25 Misfire at full load and injection system Further information can be obtained by checking for a second code If this is 40 or 50 it will indicate which side of the engine the fault is Be aware though that even this can be a bit misleading if one of the Lambda sensors is not functioning correctly This indicates a very lean mixture or a misfire Possible causes are a faulty low or out of range lambda sensor or an ignition fault 26 Very lean mixture causing a
16. TURN OFF the coil indicating that the engine is turning over The fuel pump usually goes through an immobiliser and 1f this 1s faulty or active the fuel pump supply circuit will usually not operate Please note if the engine is not running the ECU will switch the pump off for safety reasons If the fuel pump is switched on using ECU MATE when the engine is not running the ECU will detect this and immediately switch it off again ECU MATE detects this and will switch it back on This means that there may be a momentary interruption on the signal from the ECU This is normal This function should be used with care If the engine is running switching the fuel pump off will STOP THE ENGINE 22 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 14 Fuel pump operation The fuel pump is controlled by the ECU It will send a signal out on connector pin 16 that energises the fuel pump via relays fuses and the car s immobiliser The fuel pump is switched on when either of two events occur e When the ECU is first powered on the fuel pump is switched on for a couple of seconds to prime the fuel rail and pressurise the system e When the ECU detects that the engine is being cranked it will switch on the fuel pump The ECU knows when the engine is turned over as it receives the ignition coil pulses It counts these pulses to work out when the engine is cranked and to determine the RPM when running This signal is
17. at 30 mph Again this can result in a high idle being maintained when the driver thinks that the engine should be running ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 Valve Shut Low idle High idle Valve Open gt 180 112 92 0 4 Throttle released 1 Road speed gt threshold 3 2 Idle mode OFF Throttle released Road speed lt threshold Idle mode ON ECU starts moving stepper until low idle established Throttle released Road speed lt threshold Idle mode ON ECU stops moving stepper Low idle established Normal operation with good base idle VERY Valve Shut Actual Idle Low idle High idle Valve Open point gt 180 112 92 0 4 Throttle released 1 Road speed gt threshold 3 2 Idle mode OFF LONG DELAY Throttle released Road speed lt threshold Idle mode ON ECU starts moving stepper until low idle established Throttle released Road speed lt threshdl Idle mode ON ECU stops moving stepper Low idle established Normal operation with bad base idle ECU WATE instruction manual 41 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 42 at its low idle The ECU will not start reducing the idle speed until the car is stationary Add to this a couple of seconds delay and the potential delay due to a badly set base idle and the car can exhibit a persistent high idle fault This fault is usually blamed on the stepper motor and so on but it is normal behaviour given the fact that the ECU is
18. ck Gray black Yellow or yellow pink Green blue Purple yellow White light green Black yellow or red Yellow white Blue red Yellow blue Black Brown Blue purple Gray yellow White pink White gray or white green Red Yellow black to yellow green Blue red Unk Unk Red black Green white Black gray Blue gray Orange Pink Black green or black yellow Gray white Black gray ECUmate Limited 2012 Name Air bypass valve MAF and main relay Throttle position sensor Ground Tune resistor Speed transducer Coolant temperature sensor Heated front screen Diagnostic serial port EFI warning light Even right bank injectors Main relay Odd left bank injectors Ground Ignition and main relay Fuel pump relay Purge control valve Diagnostic serial port Fuel pump and inertia switch Throttle potentiometer Air conditioner compressor load MAF sensor Left lambda sensor Right lambda sensor MAF and Air bypass valve Ground Air bypass valve Air bypass valve Fault display data Diagnostic plug Fuel temperature thermistor Heater air conditioner cable Description Notes 48 58 ohms to pin 26 Input 12VDC 5k ohm to pin 25 O2 sensor heater return No wire in NAS vehicles To main conn 0 12V six times per revolution To brown connector Input from main connector Output to 5 pin TTS connector Output to main connector Output Output to main relay coil Outpu
19. critical If it is not seen or it is incorrect the ECU will not fire the injectors or even start the fuel pump At all other times the ECU will switch the pump off for safety so that fuel is not continually pumped when it is not needed This means that when ECU MATE turns the pump on the ECU will turn it off again and cause a little interruption ECU MATE will turn the pump back on immediately if this happens If the fuel pump priming does not occur it may not be a real fault Some ECUs notably those used in TVRs do not always prime the pump on power up Instead the pump is energised when the engine is cranked The engine will still run but it may take a little longer to fire up It is important to perform further checks to make sure that the car does not have this ECU type This can be done by starting the car while in the ECU power on reset test screen fit runs the ECU will switch on the fuel pump and ECU MATE will display fuel pump priming indicating that the fuel pump is working If the engine does not start and fuel pump priming does not appear the problem is likely to be associated with the input signal ECU WATE instruction manual 23 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 from the coil and the ignition system If there are no sparks and hence no ignition the ECU will not receive any indication that the engine is turning over As a result it will sit and wait and not do anything If the ignition system is working and
20. d you will notice an Allen head screw Before we mess with the screw find the black hose connected to the side of the throttle housing to the rear of the plenum Disconnect this hose and plug at both ends see figure 4 5 Start the engine and with the proper Allen wrench adjust the idle RPM by turning the screw clockwise to decrease RPM or counter clockwise to increase RPM see figure 3 The base idle should be set at 525 25 rev min 6 Once this is done turn the engine off unplug and reinstall the hose Now you should set your timing to 6 1 Before Top Dead Center 7 The last thing to do is replace the tamper proof plug part 4 RNM109 this is the one you removed to set the Figure 3 Location of throttle body allen screw adjustment screw shown base idle see figure 3 with tamper proof plug RNM109 removed Disconnect this hose Figure 4 Disconnect black bose on side of throttle body and plug both ends as sbown ECU WATE instruction manual 51 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 Appendix E Instruction manual updates To receive an automated email when anything on that page changes including the availability of an updated version of this document please go to the ECU MATE product page on the website click on the Notifications box on the right hand side of the page and sign up to receive updates While the information contained in these instructions has been carefully checked for accu
21. dicated by a typical value of 109 This final value can be map dependent though There is no feedback from the valve to the ECU and it has to reset the position so that it knows exactly where it is Typically this is done when the ECU is first powered up Typically is used deliberately as some TVR versions of the ECU do not do this 100 of the time 32 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 If the valve is removed from the plenum the plunger can be extended so far that it is unscrewed and will need to be screwed back Care needs to be taken when testing the stepper in this way The stepper motor is also constantly powered and as a result will become warm to touch Again this is quite normal The constant powering locks the plunger in position so that it cannot be moved except by sending it the appropriate control signals pensant When controlling the valve via ECU WATE the position shown on the screen is not updated It only reflects any positional change done by the ECU The ECU may also try to take control if the valve is moved to an extreme Several factors can affect the stepper motor position Changes in the gear box and air conditioning status will cause a small change in the position The ECU will go into the idle mode when it detects through its road speed sensor that the car is stationary If this signal is not present the car may fail to idle correctly as the ECU thinks the car is
22. ding to its programming thinking that it has actually done what has been expected The reality is that the stepper motor will be in the wrong position and cause less than ideal idling What happens during idle During normal driving with the car moving and the throttle above the idle threshold typically 6 the ECU does not operate any idle control The stepper motor should be retracted and it will typically retract beyond the idle position allowing a little more air into the plenum and effectively maintaining a higher than normal idle When the driver lifts off and the throttle pot moves to its minimum position this will still not put the ECU into idle mode as the ECU knows the car is still moving When the car stops the road speed signal will also stop and about 2 3 seconds later the ECU will enter idle mode and start to reduce the engine revs At this point the stepper motor is retracted so a lot of air can flow and this will keep the idle high The ECU reduces the idle speed by extending the stepper valve This is done initially with a couple of quick bursts If this does not bring the idle speed down then the ECU will continue to extend the stepper by a couple of positions about every 1 2 seconds It will continue to do this even if the stepper is fully extended and cannot move any more If the idle speed comes down to the preset value of around 750 800 rpm the ECU will stop adjusting the stepper When the throttle is pressed the ECU
23. ector seals or inlet manifold blocked injectors Valid for cat cars only As above but for cylinders 2 4 6 8 only Valid for cat cars only A misfire has occurred for cylinders 1 3 5 7 only Valid for cat cars only See fault code 25 for more details Faulty or lead poisoned sensor or sensor wiring fault Valid for cat cars only If both code 44 and 45 appear then the likely culprit is the heater supply to both Lambda sensors As above Valid for cat cars only If both code 44 and 45 appear then the likely culprit is the heater supply to both Lambda sensors Sticking stepper valve incorrect base idle speed adjustment air leak on non cat cars incorrect stepper motor adjustment incorrect throttle butterfly adjustment rough running because of fuel or ignition or mechanical faults A faulty road speed input can also cause this problem A misfire has occurred for cylinders 2 4 6 8 only Valid for cat cars only See fault code 25 for more details Fault occurred for insufficient time for ECU to diagnose Fuel thermistor fault Be aware that in some documentation code 59 is described as the same for 58 Possible sensor or wiring fault may also cause wrong speedometer readings on electrical speedometer cars but don t rely on this Valid for cat cars only Applicable to Range Rovers amp Land Rovers There are two interpretations for this the first is that it is not a fault but is sometimes shown on power up This is valid for
24. esister that is built into the loom This should not be confused with the tune resistor Batt Displays battery voltage as seen by the ECU This reading can be slightly less than the voltage measured at the battery terminals because of the resistance of the wiring The reading will drop to around 9 volts when the starter is used to turn the engine over The ECU and ECU MATE will continue to work at these lower voltages ECU Displays OK if the communication link to the ECU is functioning correctly and the data snap shot is consistent If there is a problem ERROR will be shown instead This can be caused by the ECU being switched off or disconnected 18 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 10 Throttle display This reports the throttle voltage as seen by the ECU and 1s used to check throttle operation and to help set it up The value is read from the ECU several SPU ECU OK i ik times a second to provide E I MP HOME DETECTED real time values Throttle diselau 51V The voltage on the left 1s the actual voltage that the ECU sees from the throttle pot This will vary from O to 5 volts but the throttle pot should be set up to provide a minimum and maximum voltage These voltage values are used by the ECU to work out when the driver wants to accelerate and additional fuelling 1s needed ECU This 1s the status of the ECU comms link OK indicates that the ECU is operational and communicating
25. fault codes without resetting the ECU Basic status display e water temperature e fuel temperature e throttle pot status e RPM e battery voltage e ECU status Throttle display e ECU comms link status e throttle pot status e throttle position as percentage a voltage and a bar graph Fuel pump control e fuel pump status e fuel priming operation Lambda display e lambda status e lambda values e ECU mapping site movement e throttle pot status e ECU status ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 e AFM values high and low AFM voltages mapping values tune resistor values map selection e Stepper motor idle valve status direct control of the stepper motor valve position e dle control road speed automatic manual gear box status air conditioning status idle mode on off stepper motor position ECUMATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 5 ECUmate Limited 2012 6 Connecting ECU MATE ECU WATE has two connectors e A 12V DC power lead and plug which goes into the cigarette lighter socket As soon as power is applied to the ECU WATE it will power up ready for use The plug itself is internally fused and has a power LED that lights up when there is power Note if the immobiliser is not disabled ECU MATE will not power up A communications cable which goes into the TestBook connector socket on the ECU loom This is a triangular shaped connector with fi
26. hen the throttle is relatively closed 1 e not fully open Faults with this component can cause problems with lambda operation The throttle value is shown as a percentage which represents how much the throttle is open and has a value of 0 to 100 with 0 being closed and 100 fully open This value is linear until it gets towards 0 1 e below the throttle minimum position When this ECU WATE instruction manual 25 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 happens the value can suddenly change when the ECU detects assumes that there 1s a fault and substitutes a default value of 11 This indicates that there is a fault with the throttle pot and the ECU is using a default limp home mode This should also generate the associated fault code Idle This is a idle mode status and is provided for use when trying to establish what mode the ECU 1s operating in 26 ECUMATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 16 Lambda operation The Lambda operation is again controlled by several inputs e Map selection via the tune resistor This is the colour coded resistor that plugs into the loom The value selects which of the six internal maps the ECU will use Some of these maps are designed to run with no cats and when selected the lambda operation is disabled e Sensor temperature The lambda sensors do take some time to warm up During this warm up time the lambda values are ignored e Engine RPM Lambda cont
27. ill moving In these circumstances this 1s why the car may stall Other idle factors There are some additional factors here The rate at which the ECU moves the stepper motor is dependent on the value of the throttle pot If itis around 35v the ECU will move quickly in large bursts and then trim slowly with a new value every 1 5 2 seconds If it is below this value e g around 2V the ECU will move the stepper motor every 4 seconds and a few position locations at a time As a result it can take a long time for the idle to come down This mechanism is further complicated by the fact that the amount of air that the idle valve can control is defined by the position of the bleed screw The amount of air can be adjusted using a procedure called setting the base idle This is described in the appendix If this is not set up correctly the ECU s estimated idle position does not give the normal idle RPM and the ECU will need to move the stepper motor more In this case it will take longer to reduce the ECU WATE instruction manual 39 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 40 air flow enough to lower the idle to the correct RPM So if the ECU goes into this mode the idle will remain high for quite some time before dropping down If this combines with the low throttle voltage described above it can take many seconds for the idle to come down This is often thought to be a stepper motor fault but is in fact normal operation by the
28. justing the mapping to cope with the engine RPM and AFM values The O 101 values shown in the example screen are typical and occur when the ignition is switched on but with the engine not running They will change when the engine runs and will move when the throttle is opened If the AFM Lo and AFM Hi values do not change with RPM or throttle position this indicates that there is a problem with the AFM its electrical connections or even the linking hose to the plenum 1 e anything that will stop the air flow through the AFM or allow air to bypass it and not be measured If the MAPPING values do not change with RPM there is a likely to be a major fault The first will change with the AFM value and the second with the engine revs These are normally linked because as the throttle voltage increase the air flow into the engine will increase and so both values will move The important point is for them to increase together If they don t there is an issue with either the throttle pot or the AFM ECU WATE instruction manual 29 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 The ECU will flag a fault code 1f the AFM value 1s high while the throttle position is low and vice versa So if there are no other faults reported this indicates that the problem may be with the ECU itself The AFM values only become valid when the engine 1s running If the engine is stopped the values are meaningless The tuning resistor colour and corresponding map selecti
29. llating lambda value indicates a fault The limp home mode map that is selected when there is no resistor or it has gone open circuit assumes that the vehicle has catalytic converters fitted and will even simulate lambda operation if they are not connected or fitted It is not uncommon for the lambdas to oscillate at different speeds and ranges This may indicate that a lambda sensor is getting tired and not responding as fast This is not necessarily a fault as the ECU will continue to operate but more of an advance warning that the sensors may need replacing in the future The tired sensor is usually the one that is oscillating the slowest and whose range changes are the smallest ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 17 AFM values This information screen displays four AFM parameters the tune resistor value and associated map selection The AFM Lo and AFM Hi ET E parameters show the low and Hi i E dio ECS high AFM voltages as seen by PRE nite CATS the ECU The two parameters i ses should track each other If they don t it indicates a possible fault This voltage should vary from O to 5 volts Mapping data is provided for a confidence check that the ECU is getting information from the AFM and is using that information correctly It reflects which mapping sites the ECU is using The values are effectively meaningless but the fact that they are changing indicates that the ECU is ad
30. misfire This code is used on the JAGUAR version of the 14CUX ECU and is generally not listed under the Range Rover fault codes Check for air leaks in the following areas Hose air flow meter to plenum Breather system hoses to plenum Brake servo hose 28 Air leak Vacuum reservoir hose fresh air solenoid Distributor vacuum advance Hose purge valve to plenum Injector seals Any of the joints and junctions ECUmate Limited 2012 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 Code 29 34 36 40 44 45 48 50 58 59 68 69 88 Meaning Checksum error Fuelling fault in nearside injector bank Fuelling fault in offside injector bank Misfire on nearside bank Nearside Lambda sensor out of range Offside Lambda sensor out of range Stepper motor fully open above 500 rpm or fully closed above 750 rpm Misfire on offside bank ECU unable to distinguish between faults 23 and 28 Fuel thermistor out of range Road speed sensor output too low at medium rpm and high air flow Faulty gear selector switch Power up check Comments The ECU has failed its internal self test If detected all other faults are unreliable and must be ignored It may be worth resetting the ECU by disconnecting it then reconnect it and repeat test as this fault can be caused by a faulty connection Injector or Lambda sensor wiring fault faulty injectors air leak at inj
31. mpared with the car s dashboard temperature gauge or other temperature readings to check that the ECU is getting accurate information If the value is lower than expected the ECU will cause the engine to run rich as it will think the engine is cold If it is higher the engine will run lean and may not idle well when cold but it will run better when warm Fuel Displays the fuel temperature in degrees C that the ECU sees from the temperature sensor This is used to determine the risk of fuel vaporisation If defective this can lead to starting difficulties when the engine is hot Typical values are from ambient to around 50C TPOT This has a value between O and 100 with O being closed and 100 fully open A value of 11 that doesn t change when the throttle is moved indicates that there is a fault with the throttle pot and the ECU is using a default limp home mode This should also generate the associated fault code This will happen if the throttle pot is unplugged or the connections go open circuit The engine will still run but not very well ECU WATE instruction manual 17 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 RPM Indicates if the ECU is seeing the coil pulses from the ignition system and displays the current engine RPM If itis O no pulses are recognised by the ECU and it will not fire the injectors If itis above O the engine is running The signal is taken from the negative 12V coil connection via a 6 8 kOhm r
32. non cat cars With cat cars it is also used to show that there is a purge valve fault with the carbon canister system ECU WATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 47 ECUmate Limited 2012 Appendix C Fault symptoms Cold start problems High reading temperature sensor Stepper motor not resetting correctly Base idle incorrect Bad idling Road speed signal problem on or off Sticky stepper motor valve Stepper motor position lost by ECU or not reset Base idle not set correctly Ignition problems Unexpected engine load changes Bad running Fuel and water temperature plugs swapped round Black smoke Lean mixture 48 Low fuel pressure Stuck injectors Incorrect air flow meter values Lambda sensor fault reading or stuck at rich High reading temperature sensor Ignition related misfires ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 e Incorrect values from throttle pot Rich mixture excessive fuel consumption e High fuel pressure e Stuck injectors e Incorrect air flow meter values e Lambda sensor fault reading or stuck at lean e Low reading temperature sensor e Excessive high fuel temperature reading gt 60C e Incorrect values from throttle pot ECU WATE instruction manual 49 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 Appendix D Setting the base idle BASE DLE SPEED SETTING 5 Start engine and check idle speed is within limits NOTE Base idle speed is
33. nual 9 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 10 Using ECU WATE When the ECU MATE power lead is first plugged into the cigarette lighter socket it will power up automatically go through an internal self test and display the software revision for a few seconds as shown in Section 2 It will then go to the first screen If the ECU is switched off ECU WATE will display the ECU power on reset screen If the ECU is ECU MATE on it bypasses this screen and goes directly to the code reading screen Navigation is via the three buttons on the front panel The functions of these buttons are indicated by the titles on the bottom line of the display The left hand button is used to move between the different screens with each screen providing a different function or information display The right hand button is used to move within a screen or to retry function in the case of error The central red button is used to stop and start the idle control valve or stepper motor Using the buttons To use a button hold it down until the display goes blank then release it ECU MAZE will blank the screen when it detects the button push then wait until it is released before updating the display Holding the button down will not act like a repeat key as with a PC so there is no danger of scrolling through the various screens and options Examples are shown below ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2
34. on is shown in the table When the engine is started the ECU measures the resistance of the tune resistor and uses this to select which of the six internal maps to use Five maps are allocated to a particular resistance value and a default sixth for use if no resistor 1s detected This is a limp home mode where the ECU will keep the engine running albeit not at its best Each resistor is allocated a colour and value by the changing the tune resistor for a different colour the map can be changed If the wrong map is selected the engine may not run correctly or if catalytic converters are fitted they may be destroyed It is essential that the correct tune resistor 1s used and that it is recognised correctly Colour Value Catalyst Common Application Red 1800 No Australian 3 9 Green 4700 No Europe amp UK 3 9 or 3 5 Disco Yellow 9100 No Gulf States 3 9 or Europe amp UK 4 2 Blue 1 8kO Yes Gulf States 3 9 or Europe amp UK 4 2 White 3 9kO Yes Europe amp UK 3 9 or 3 5 Disco N A O C Yes Limp home mode Note The resistances above are approximate The tune resistors commonly used in the UK are Green for vehicles with no catalytic converters and White for vehicles with them 30 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 18 AFM typical values Typical values for the AFM voltage are about 1 7 volts on tick over rising to a maximum of 5 volts on full throttle with a big capacity engine such as a TVR 5
35. ph The bar graph indicates whether the current throttle voltage value is greater less or unchanged compared with the previous value This is done by the bar graph character changing as follows gt gt gt Increasing value lt lt lt Decreasing value Unchanged The bar graph can be used to check for noise caused by dirty or corroded pot track corroded connections etc by simply slowly pressing the throttle As it moves the bar graph should show gt gt gt and when 1t reaches 1ts limit If there is any noise the bar graph will jump and may change symbols Whilst not totally foolproof in detecting noisy throttle pots it gives a very good indication of a problem ECUMATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 Throttle disrlay 4 510 ECU OK Throttle disrlay 4 284 ECU Throttle disrlay S SGU ECU OK 21 ECUmate Limited 2012 13 Fuel pump control This screen shows the fuel pump status and allows the user to override the ECU and switch the fuel pump On or Off This 1s done by pressing the right hand button which toggles between TURN OFF and TURN ON When the fuel pump is switched on the injector symbol on the top line will start spraying The ECU NEST TURN ON normally switches the pump on for a second or two when it is first switched on to prime Fuel Pume OFF the fuel system and will only Fuel Pume ON ry switch the pump on when it receives a crank signal from 33
36. racy ECUmate Limited does not assume any responsibility or liability for loss damage or injury caused by any errors or omissions in the information or use of the associated product 52 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2
37. rol is only operational from idle to about 3 4 000 rpm In this range the ECU operates in closed loop mode where the lambda value is used to trim the mapping so that the emissions are maintained within correct values When the RPM goes outside this range the ECU switches to open loop operation where the lambdas are effectively ignored e Throttle movement When the throttle is moved quickly lambda control can be temporarily removed to enable extra fuel to be added to improve the engine pick up and response When the ECU is running in closed loop mode the lambda values will oscillate from low to high about every second A low value indicates lean and a high value indicates a rich mixture When working correctly ECU MA7F reports an OK status and indicates the oscillation by displaying asymbol next to the value This can either be or W for low and high respectively If the value is stationary X is shown indicating that the value is not oscillating or that the ECU is running in an open loop mode ECU WATE instruction manual 27 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 28 Raising the revs over 4 000 rpm will change an oscillating lambda value to a fixed one As the revs drop below the threshold the values should start changing As stated earlier lambda operation can be switched off with the map selection It is worth checking that the ECU is running the right tune resistor and selecting the correct map before assuming that a non osci
38. set at factory It should not require further adjustment unless plenum Adjusting base idle speed chamber is changed The adjustment screw is sealed with a plug to prevent unauthorised 6 Drill tamper proof plug and insert a self alteration Check ignition timing before tapping screw to enable plug to be extracted attempting following procedure since this will affect idle speed Equipment required Two blanking hoses these are manufactured using base 6 a new idle air control valve hose Part No ETC7874 Cut two equal pieces 90mm long fom S hose and seal one end of each using 13mm diameter bar Use a suitable clamp to ensure an air tight seal Checking procedure 1 Drive vehicle at least two miles until engine and transmission are hot Switch off engine Check all electrical loads are OFF including air conditioning Remove idle air control valve hose NW Fit blanking hoses to both plenum chamber Le and idle air control valve Ensure hoses are securely fitted to prevent air leaks Note RR2953E throttle cable has been omitted from illustration aw N 7 Start engine adjust idle screw clockwise to decrease or anti clockwise to increase idle speed 8 Stop engine remove blanking hoses Reconnect hose to plenum 9 Fit new tamper proof plug 50 ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 Base Idle and Air Gap Setting eliminating stalling at idle 4 With the plug remove
39. so happen if the engine is started while in Drive mode as the ECU interprets this as being a fault The starter should be disabled when in this mode With the TVR version this does not cause a fault but with standard ECUs it can Changes in the status will cause the ECU to adjust the revs via the stepper motor position A C This signal tells the ECU whether the air conditioning is switched on or not Like the BOX signal any change will cause the ECU to change the RPM to cope with the change in engine load If the air conditioning is switched on the engine RPM will increase If it is switched off they will fall On some cars including TVRs this signal may be inactive or not connected to the ECU IDL This signal indicates that the ECU is an idle mode and should only state ON when the car is stationary It should reflect the ROAD signal in that it will be on when ROAD is O and off when it is greater than 0 If not this indicates a fault with the road speed If it is permanently zero then the idle mode will be permanently on and the car may stall when lifting off at a junction If the road speed is greater than zero then idle mode will be permanently off and idle speed may stay high ECU WATE instruction manual 35 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 36 POS This is the stepper motor position as seen by the ECU It will change as the ECU uses the stepper motor to control the engine RPM during the idle mode or if additional
40. t Input 12VDC always applied Output to fuel pump relay coil Output Input from 5 pin TTS connector Input 12VDC when ignition on Swings 0 29 to 5 00 VDC Input Blue shielded Blue shielded Ground reference 48 58 ohms to pin 1 48 58 ohms to pin 29 48 58 ohms to pin 28 Output to main connector Input Input from gray connector ECUMATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 34 39 36 Sul 38 39 40 Orange black Blue green Black green N a Brown pink White black or white blue Black Transmission neutral switch MAF sensor Condenser fan timer no connection Fault display data Engine speed Ground Pins 1 to 13 top row Pins 14 to 27 centre row Pin 14 Is below pin 13 but Ils not Identlfled on the rear of the plug Pins 28 to 40 bottom row Input from main connector 0 3 to 0 6 VDC with ignition on Tall green unit AMR 3678 Output to main connector Output to main connector If you are unsure of which in is 40 check its continuity to ground ECU WATE instruction manual ECUMATE 2012 v2 45 ECUmate Limited 2012 Appendix B 14CUX Fault codes 46 Code Meaning Comments Live feed to ECU has been Normal if ECU has been disconnected to clear old fault codes Code ga interrupted 02 will clear if ignition turned off for 30 seconds then on again 03 a Corrupted Since No useful information available Test drive and try again 1
41. throttle when coming to a halt Asa result intermittent road speed signals will cause idling problems On entering idle mode the ECU brings down the revs by extending the stepper to quickly restrict the air flow Once this has been done it does nothing else If ECU MATE is used to reposition the stepper during idle the idle speed will fall and rise accordingly but the ECU will not intervene to correct the changes It assumes that once it has established idle that is it If the mixture or ignition is faulty so that the idle is not smooth the ECU will not try to adjust the stepper to help smooth the idle Whilst it is important to keep the stepper motor clean and to have the base idle set correctly many idling issues are caused by these other signals which is why they have been brought together on this screen The stepper motor position is not fed back to the ECU the ECU makes an assumption about where it is based on the number of pulses it supplies The power on reset sequence allows the ECU to move ECU WATE instruction manual 37 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 38 the stepper position to a known point After that it relies on pulse counting assuming that all moves are done correctly If the stepper motor is sticky this will not be the case and it will throw out the position If the position is not reset on power up this can have the same affect The end result is that the ECU will move the stepper motor accor
42. ve pins in two rows a row of two and a row of three and will often have a shorting connector installed This shorting connector must be removed before connecting the ECU WATE The TestBook connector should not be confused with the fault code reader socket which has four wires going into it see the diagrams below ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 To plug in the unit first locate the TestBook connector Itis usually in the passenger foot well next to the ECU in TVRs or behind a flap under the driver s seat in Range Rovers The lead simply plugs in The communications lead connector is keyed so that it can only be inserted one way Remember The TestBook connector socket usually has a shorting plug fitted Disconnect this before plugging in the ECU MATE communications lead connector The shorting plug prevents the ECU seeing any electrical noise on the communications link as data requests or commands and subsequently causing problems It should be replaced when ECU WATE is disconnected ECU WATE instruction manual 7 ECUMATE 2012 v2 ECUmate Limited 2012 RRI858E a S Range Rover under driver s seat DIAGNOSTIC Alternative inside glove box 8 ECUMATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 estBook conncetor location for lt ies TVR Griffiths and Chimaeras 4 5 Next to Be bag te in foot well ECU WATE instruction ma
43. will retract the stepper slowly a couple of positions per second until the stepper is retracted and effectively ready for the next time the car comes to a halt Blipping the throttle when the car is stationary will cause the ECU to come out of idle mode and start slowly retracting the stepper motor until it is either retracted or the throttle is released Because of the short ECU WATE instruction manual ECUmate Limited 2012 ECUMATE 2012 v2 duration of the blip the stepper is very close to its idle setting when the ECU moves back into idle mode and it doesn t take very long to move back As a result the engine seems to come back to idle instantly although the reality is it may take a couple of seconds In these circumstances a slight hovering above idle can often be noticed The same process happens when the car starts moving although now the fact that the car is moving means that the ECU will stay out of idle control When the throttle is released the ECU will not attempt to bring down the revs because the car is moving This means that the revs are kept higher during a gear change to help prevent rear wheel lock up and that the ECU will only go down to the low idle speed if the throttle is below the idle threshold and there is no road speed signal If there is a fault 1 e no speed signal the ECU will try to enforce the low speed idle as soon as the throttle is lifted and while the engine is under load because the car is st
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