User`s Manual
Contents
1. project post res that is used for post processing by GID project courbe created for incremental calculations see section 3 7 project rep that contains the needed results for a possible reprise see section 3 5 project epsigmoy or project vitmoy that contain homogenization results see section 3 7 3 9 Post process Retrun back to GID where the file project is loaded Click on post processing button D The post process file project post res is automatically uploaded 9 Contour fill amp Line graph To create graphs and cuts on the tools bar click on the button rae To display the desired results on the tools bar click on the button The figures and graphs can be save in files GID Meny Files Print to file to be used as figures or read for graphs by other softwares like Excel 4 Staging 4 1 Tunnel excavation without support To model tunnel excavation 1 First the initial state of the formation before excavation is modeled by a whole mesh containing the elements corresponding to the tunnel section on which are applied suitable boundary conditions and volume forces to create initial in situ stresses After calculation of this state the project file and the calculation results which are put automatically in project rep Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 12 file are copied by the Windisroc Staging Save the present results in project_init project_int rep f2. an New Project all its specific data will be lost 3 2 Problem Type The general features of the modeling project are defined in the Problem Type window e If the axi symmetry case is chosen then the axis of the symmetry can be different of the y axis of coordinates x 0 It can be shifted to a position with an abscissa x which has to be specified In this case only one half of the geometry at the right hand of the symmetry axis has to be introduced in the model Symmetry Axis x Position Geometry Plan if Axisymmetry Strain Stress case f Mechanics and Plane Plane Stress w Generalized Strain Stress 0 00000 Close Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 6 e Plane stress strain conditions correspond to a zero value of the stress strain in perpendicular direction of the calculation plane Generalized plane stress strain conditions correspond to a constant value of this stress strain which can be different from zero This value is specified in this window Generalized Strain Stress Warning In the present version of Disroc no zero values are possible only for the Generalized Plane Stress conditions 3 3 Materials All the materials present in the project must be defined in advance in WinDISROC Materials menu For their definition refer to the Materials Catalogue of Disroc When an new project is created some basic material models are
3. present in the root files The list of materials models available for the project can be completed in this window by adding new materials or deleting existing ones The materials are given a name like Rock1 which then can be recognized by GID to be affected to different mesh elements surfaces or lines fractures and bolts e The material name must be a amp Materials e single word no spaces add New Delete _ i New e The material model a 5 digit Berean ae code the number of parameters Model 31100 Model 0 and their significations are described in the document Materials Catalogue of Disroc Values Values Nb of Parametres 2 Nb of Parametres 10 e The models defined for the 0 25 mechanical and hydraulic calculations must correspond to the same type of elements bulk material fractures or bolts e To the list of materials created for GID will added automatically three material names which are Boundary and Geomline to characterize the boundary lines and geometrical lines for the needs of meshing process e After all the new materials are defined it is necessary to finish by Save to file Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 7 3 4 Geometry mesh and boundary conditions The geometry mesh and boundary conditions are defined and the materials are affected to elements in GID Run GID Menu File open pro
4. the domain by the pre processor GID The calculation results are displayed plotted or processed by the post processor GID MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 4 The pre and post processor GID has to be installed on the computer For its download and installation method see http www gidhome com download official versions win64 It is recommended to download the GID 10 0 08 version see in HAI Other Released Versions in GID page Files View Geometry Utilities Data Mesh Calculate Help OSBISSVIBFI oVen B71 fi his is the EVALUATION Version 3 General processing diagram The order of the icons on the Windisroc window section 2 2 indicates the path to follow step by step for defining the project run calculations and display the results After opening the Files for the new project the Problem Type is defined then the Materials present in the project In the basic case non fractures the left branch of the diagram is followed defining Geometry Mesh and Boundary Conditions The green color of the buttons indicates that these actions are achieved in the GID pre processor Then coming back to Windisroc the Load Parameters Calculation Parameters and Output Parameters are defined The calculation program Disroc is run from the Windows Consol black color of the button Then we return back to GID call
5. the tolerance for the convergence of non linear calculation plasticity non linear elasticity as well as the resolution method Direct or Conjugate Gradient are defined in the window Calculation Parameters The following window gives the default state of the options in this window Toamne ES Load increments Increments definition mode Max Iteration Number Eps Converge Plast Eps Converge NL Blas 7 Display f0 Resolution Method Conjugate Gradient Eps LU fact Direct Method 1 e 200 Max Iter Conj Grad Method 1000 5 Eps Conj Grad Method 0000100000 E Read existing Storage Matrix e If only linear elastic materials are present in the model then the loads increment will be one e If the message Non convergence for plastic or non linear elastic calculations is generated by the calculation code after checking that the load is mechanical bearable by the system specially for plasticity and that problem is only numerical three actions can help obtaining convergence of calculations Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 10 increase the number of load increments increase the Maximum number of iterations increase the tolerance Epsilon for Convergence of Plastic calculations or Epsilon for Convergence of Non Linear Elastic calculations e By checking Display f0 in case of plastic calculations the maximum value of the pl
6. MechaRock International Consultants October 2014 TD IDDM ff SS f LA ff I f LI AJAN Ef LEL JID II ION a Wey User s Manual www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 2 1 Introduction Disroc is a Finite Element code devoted to the analysis of geotechnical projects in rock formations Disroc is specially conceived to easily handle fractures and bolts present in the project In presence of these elements the creation of a specific mesh including theme requires using a special module called DISCRAC DIScretization of CRACked media In the following first the method for using Disroc without fractures and bolts is presented and then the method for including these discontinuity elements in the model by using Discrac is presented 2 Command and control interfaces Commands are launched from 3 points e Windows Consol e Windisroc interface e GID program 2 1 Windows Consol The Windows Consol is created from the Windows menu Start All Programs Accessories Command Invited The windows console created is positioned initially on the folder C Users User gt C Users User gt Then this consol must be positioned on the folder Disroc This can be down by the command cd change directory in the following waytype the command C Users User gt cd PATH Disroc Instead of typing the complete path to Disroc folder it is possible to fetch it on a windows positioned on the folder Dis
7. asticity criterion on the elements is displayed on the monitor at each iteration This allows controlling the convergence f0 must decrease to values less than the fixed tolerance but slows down the calculation e The Conjugate Gradient calculation method is recommended for heavy projects with more than 2000 nodes and non linear calculation It take more time at the beginning but then is faster than the Direct Method Also it needs less storage memory volume and allows to handle models with greater number of nodes It needs to define a specific tolerance and maximum number of iterations e The Conjugate Gradient method in Disroc uses also the sparse matrix storage method The constitution of this matrix is a time consuming operation This operation partially consists in the analysis of the connectivity of the elements in the mesh and the result is saved in the project IAJAm file This file is the same for the same mesh independently of boundary conditions materials and so on So after a first calculation if the mesh has not changed by checking the case Reading existing Storage Matrix the existing connectivity matrix is red and this allows saving time specially for great projects 3 7 Output parameters The calculation results the state of displacement and stress field at the end of calculation so for the total load are put in the file project post res which is read and displayed by the GID post processor see follow
8. been introduced in the preceding sections and is saved in the entry file project Other loads supported by the system may be volume forces and initial stresses Initial stresses my be naturally present in the rock formation when for instance digging a tunnel or may result from a preceding phases of loading of the system After each calculation phase all the needed results for pursuing the loading in a next phase are saved in the file project rep rep for reprise in a next phase The button Load parameters gives access to the loads window Load Parameters MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual e The window below shows the options for a basic initial project There is Non reprise non volume forces nor other special loads and all the loads defined in the project forces applied on the boundary as boundary conditions are fully applied to the system ratio 1 For other special cases excavation refer to the section Special loads Homogenization is not checked It corresponds to special calculations that will be explained later 3 6 Calculation parameters T aaee nn i Reprise E Volume Forces Acceleration gx E User Free Strain g E Excavation Boundary Forces Maximum load ratio 1 000 Special Operations F Homogenization Loading Type and Direction Ba Value 1 00000 Confirm The number of load increments and
9. es plastic strain start with the values given in the project rep file representing the values reached at the end of a preceding phase of calculation The project rep file is created automatically after each calculation Initial Stresses Only the stresses are given initial values The initial stress values are read in the file project_init rep This file is created after a previous calculation by the command Staging in Windisroc Excavation The initial stresses are read in the file project_init rep and the mesh is compared to that saved in the project_init rep after a previous calculation by the command Staging in Windisroc The boundary between the two meshes is determined If for instance a tunnel excavation is considered this boundary corresponds to the tunnel wall At the boundary of the two meshes surface tractions equal to the opposite value of the initial stresses are applied as loads in the actual project to compensate the initial stress and lead to a final state of stress free boundary 5 2 Excavation Boundary Forces These forces are equal to the action of the in situ stresses on the wall of a tunnel before excavation They are automatically calculated if the option Excavation is selected in the Loading Parameters window They can also be calculated by comparison between the project and project_init files with the stresses in project_init rep by the command Windisroc Staging Extract boundary forces In both ca
10. he reprise option Ecavation is selected with Maximum load ration 1 see section 5 6 Launch the calculation 4 2 Tunnel excavation with support Generally in this case it is admitted the initial stresses are released partially for instance 70 before laying the support and the rest 30 after so that the support will bear only this remaining part the initial in situ stresses To model this case Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 13 1 First the full mesh for the rock formation support tunnel section filled with rock before excavation is created The material properties of the rock formation are assigned to the tunnel section to be excavated and also to the support in order to obtain the natural state of the formation before excavation but in which the mesh elements for the future tunnel section and support are already present with rock formation properties The initial state of in situ stresses is created by applying suitable loads boundary or volume forces Then the operations are completed as in the stages 1 to 6 for the tunnel without support described in section 4 1 with these differences in the stage 2 the mesh elements corresponding to the tunnel section and support must be deleted in stage 5 to the Maximum load ratio must be given the value corresponding to the ratio of stresses released before excavation for instance 0 7 2 Then again
11. iles i7 Save the present results as the initial state for the following stage Copy Project and Project rep to Project_Init and Project_Init rep files Extract the boundary forces representing the excavation action Create the Project_ExcavBC file Confirm Cancel 2 Then returning back to GID the mesh elements corresponding to the tunnel section to be excavated are removed GID Menu Mesh Edit mesh Delete Elements For this purpose it is easier to assign a different material name to the section of the tunnel although with the same model and properties than the rest of the formation to facilitate their selection at this stage In this case after GID Menu Mesh Edit mesh Delete Elements On can press GID Menu Utilities Tools Selection window and designate the name of the material tunnel section that has to be selected and then remove 3 All the boundary or volume forces as well as non zero boundary displacements must be removed in the project because their effect is already included in the initial stresses obtained in the previous calculation However zero displacement conditions on the boundary can be maintained Note In any case at least three zero displacement degrees of freedom must be maintained in the boundary conditions in order to eliminate the rigid body movement see section 3 4 3 4 The entry file is created by the template DISROC 2 bas see section 3 4 4 5 In the Loading Parameters t
12. ing sections If an incremental calculation is carried out it will be interesting to see the evolution of displacement and stresses for different load increments e The displacement values for one node and the stress and plastic strains for one element at different load levels are put in a file called project courbe The number of the selected node and the selected element for this purpose are defined in the window Output parameters Note The file project courbe is created only if the number of load increments is greater than one see Load Parameters e If the Homogenization is checked in this window the average stress and strain values at each load increment are put in a file project epsigmoy for mechanical calculation and the average fluid velocity and pressure gradient in the file project vitmoy for a hydraulic calculation MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 11 Node Number for displacement display Element Number for stress strain displaylncrements definition mode Note If Homogenization in this window is checked the homogenized quantities are calculated even if the calculation does not correspond to a Homogenization loading see the section 5 3 3 8 Calculation e From the Windows Consol launch Disroc project If the calculation ends successfully the message DISROC End appears The results are presented in several files in the folder project gid
13. ing this time its post processor to display the calculation results and post processing them If fractures are present in the model then after Materials in the Windisroc window the right hand branch is followed This case will be explained later In the following sections more details are given for the successive steps of the basic branch Mechakock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 5 3 1 Project Files All the files relatives to a project named project are put in a folder project gid To start a new project the user defines the name of the project and the path from the folder Disroc to the folder project gid in the following example project test In Windisroc click on Files The following window appears Path projects Project Name test iv New Project The path projects and the project name test define the following folder to be created C Users User DISROC projects test gid All the files of the project test will be created and stored in this folder This operation creates the folder and automatically a set of root files like test cnd which are needed for GID or for the following steps of processing If an existing project is to be uploaded do not check the case New Project The list of existing projects can be consulted in the folder C Users User DISROC projects Warning If an existing project is opened as
14. ject gid Menu Data Materials Check that materials defined in Windisroc appear well here Two additional materials Boundary and Geomline will be present in the list 3 4 1 Geometry GID Menu Geometry e Define the lines Menu Geometry Create Straight line or use on the tools bar the icon e When all the lines are defined define closed surfaces by Menu Geometry Create NURBS Surface or by using the icon e Affect the materials to surfaces by Menu Data Materials Assign and then selecting surfaces 3 4 2 Mesh GID Menu Mesh e Create Mesh by Menu Mesh Generate Mesh e Check that all materials have been assigned to mesh elements Menu Data Materials Draw all materials 3 4 3 Boundary Conditions Two types of boundary conditions are considered those defined on points and those defined on boundary lines The first type includes displacements punctual forces and if hydraulic calculation the fluid pressure The second on the normal and shear stresses applied on the boundary and for hydraulic calculations the normal fluid velocity Conditions e GID Menu Data Conditions and select the type of the condition it e Select the boundary condition its value and assign it to all corresponding elements points or boundary lines Note The boundary conditions on lines can be defined on the Geometry of the model and then will be automatically transmitted to the mesh For the bounda
15. lder From Windows Consol launch Discrac project Return back to GID Menu Files Import Batch File project_GID bch this file is in the project gid folder Then closed sub domains are created in the Geometry The following step consists in assigning materials to surfaces bulk materials and mesh only the surfaces and then splitting the nodes to create fracture and bolt elements GID Menu Data Materials assign bulk materials to surfaces GID Menu Mesh surfaces GID Menu Files Export GID Mesh project_M msh in the project gid folder From Windows Consol launch Discrac 2 project This last action creates two mesh files project_graph msh and project_cal msh in the project gid folder The first one is used for graphical purposes and the second for calculation purposes Return back to GID and check that fracture and bolt elements have well been created Menu Files Import GID Mesh project_graph msh erase the existing mesh if any MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 17 GID Menu Data Materials Draw all materials The fractures are bolts must appear as distinct lines in the mesh Then upload the mesh used for calculation purposes apply to it boundary consitions and created the calculatione entry file Menu Files Import GID Mesh project_cal msh this file is in the project gid folder with erasing the previously existing mesh The discontinuities exist in this file but can not be
16. min 40 00 max 45 00 Infinite Dmin 1 00000 Dmax 2 00000 Finite Rmin 2 00000 Rmax 1 00000 Add_Family Number of families already added Genet faaue P impon Corector Pha Create Fractured Domain MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 16 a DISROCVB By clicking on the following icons A information messages about the processing method appear like in the right window Define below By following these messages the Problem Data process correseponding to the right hand Materials branch of the diagram in the main _ Geometry Windisroc window see section 2 2 and 3 if no fractures can be achieved for models with fractures ja In GID Pre Processor Boundary Conditions Save project Export using template Disroc if ther are fractures Import Line_Mesh bch Export Mesh porject_F msh 6 2 Mesh creation for domains containing fractures and bolts After assigning materials to all the lines present in the geometry fractures bolts bars see the Materials Catalogue Boundary material to boundary lines of the domain and Geomline to geometrical lines used for instance to separate to sub domains the domain must be divided in closed sub domains This is done by GID Menu Files Import Batch file LineMesh_GID bch this file is in the project gid folder GID Menu Files Export GID Mesh project_F msh in the project gid fo
17. roc and gliding it on the Consol window after the command cd and then press return figure below Documents Mesdocs gt Codesnumeriques DISROC gt OO B Invite de commandes ra Organiser v Partager avec Graver Nouveau dossier Microsoft Windows versio Copyright lt c 26809 Microse Bibliotheque Documents C Users Pouya gt cd wy Favoris MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 3 Windows consol positioned on the folder Disroc Microsoft Windows version 6 1 7601 Copyright lt c gt 2609 Microsoft Corporation Tous droits r serv s C Users Pouya gt cd C Users Pouya Documents Mesdocs Codesnumeriques DISROC C Users Pouya Documents Mesdocs Codesnumeriques DISROC gt _ 2 2 Windisroc interface Windisroc is the main interface for data E DISROC 2 2 acquisition and handling Disroc It can be run in two ways test from the Windows Consol run Windisroc exe Problem Type j i Material in the Disroc folder clic on the icon E 4 i eometry Fracture Generation T ni Then the following window appears Ce Leeda Parameters Caculation Parameters Output Parameters a i 2 3 GID interface The project geometry mesh and boundary conditions are defined and the materials are assigned to different parts of
18. ry conditions on point it is better to assign them on the mesh MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 8 Warning At least three degree of freedom of displacement must be fixed to remove the rigid body movement Thus can be done for instance by prescribing ux 0 uy 0 for one point and uy 0 for and other If the rigid body displacement is not fixed in the way errors will be generated during calculation because the displacement field will be undetermined 3 4 4 Saving Files e Save the project with all the information on data and boundary conditions GID Menu File Save e Prepare the entry file for calculation with the format needed by Disroc This file is called project without any extension and is saved in the folder project gid by the following operation GID Ment File export using Template bas others and browse to upload DISROC_2 bas in the Folder in the project gid folder browse and save in the project gid folder under the name project Note The template file DISROC_2 bas can be copied in the folder C Program Files x86 GID GID 10 0 08 templates and then it will be available in the list GID Menu File export using Template bas list The entry file project created in this way is used by Disroc for calculations 3 5 Loading Parameters The loads prescribed on the system are partially the forces and displacements prescribed on the boundary This part has already
19. seen graphically If the materials are drawn GID Menu Data Materials Draw all materials Then the name of materials corresponding to fractures and bolts appear in the legend of the figure but the fractures can not be seen on the mesh On this mesh the boundary conditions are defined and the calculations entry file project is created by using the template DISROC_2 bas The calculation is launched as for the cases without discontinuities Warning At the post processing stage if fractures are present in the model again the mesh project_graph msh must be imported to display results corresponding to discontinuities Elsewhere a message error is first generated by GID and then only the results corresponding to surface elements can be displayed MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com
20. ses they are put in a file project__ExcavBC 5 3 Homogenization loading This special option allows applying special boundary displacement or boundary forces conditions to calculate the effective elastic moduli of a heterogeneous domain If this option is selected not boundary conditions nor forces are needed nor admitted by the program which itself manages all is required Only the load direction For more explanation see the Disroc Diaporama pps to be downloaded from www mecharock com MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 15 6 Modeling fractures and bolts The fractures can be individually created in the geometry as lines to which material models corresponding to fractures are assigned They can also be generated in great number by the Fracture Generation menu in Windisroc which allows creating a model fractured rock mass 6 1 Creating a fractured rock mass The menu Windisroc Fracture Generation allows create an initial state of fractured rock mass window below It is possible to introduce fractures in great number by stochastic laws It is possible to to create a rectangular fractured domain from Xmin Ymin to Xmax Ymax containing the families of fractures This domain is uploaded by GID as the initial geometry on which complementary elements mesh boundary conditions etc will be created Minimum fracture segment size Fracture Families Family Number S
21. with the Windisroc Staging the results are saved as the initial state for the following stage The new project_init and project_init rep are created 3 Back in GID starting with the initial full mesh only the elements corresponding to the tunnel section are removed keeping the elements corresponding to the support Note The full mesh can be saved by GID Menu Files Export GiD mesh and uploaded by GID Menu Files Import GiD mesh When importing a mesh it is necessary to erase the existing mesh 4 The new mesh with necessary the boundary conditions corresponding to zero displacements to be checked is saved by the template DISROC_2 bas see section 3 4 4 5 In the Load Parameters the reprise option Initial Stresses is selected the Ecavation Boundary Forces is checked the Maximum load ratio is put equal to the remaining part of initial in situ stresses to be realsed on the support for instance 0 3 6 The calculation is launched 5 Special loading cases 5 1 Reprise options In the window Loading Parameters there are 4 options for Rerprise Non reprise Reprise Initial stresses Excavation Non Non reprise corresponds to the basic case of a first calculation all the fields displacements and stresses start with zero initial values MechaRock International Consultants 2014 www mecharock com DISROC User s Manual 14 Reprise The displacements stresses and other internal variabl
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