DS-11-04M04 User`s Manual and Reference
Contents
1. Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview VSYNC Vertical sync true and complement Output VSYNC VSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid frame of data 2 6 Serial Communication DALSA Connector and Pinout The serial interface provides control of integration time shuttering video gain and offset pixel binning external trigger and external integration for information on how to control these functions see Operating the Camera later in this document The remote interface consists of a two wire plus ground full duplex RS 232 compatible serial link used for camera configuration and two back panel SMA coax connectors used for external trigger input and output The camera uses an RJ 11 telephone style connector for serial communications with four conductors installed in a six GND TD RXD position connector Note that both four and six conductor plugs may be used interchangeably with the I RJ 11 jack 1234 x ozz IMPORTANT Both the PC AT and the camera are 2 Y m o configured as DTE Data Terminal Equipment a 6 u devices requiring the TXD and RXD lines to be swapped when interconnecting the two note that pin 4 normally Ep the yellow wire is not used on the RJ 11 That is the View into female jack TXD pin represents DATA OUT and the RXD pin 6 position with 4 conductors represents DATA IN on both devices so that one de2. 4M4 Camera User s Manual DALSA power supply 11 R registers 18 resolution 7 RJ 11 13 S sensor block diagram 6 characteristics 6 cleaning 29 cosmetics 6 protecting 30 serial communication 13 signals data 12 data clocking 13 size 7 specifications 7 start bit 14 state diagrams 16 stop bit 14 38 T Technical Support 35 telephone style connector 13 temperature 8 timing camera 15 HSYNC pixel 16 integration 15 trigger 15 VSYNC pixel 16 timing diagrams 16 triggering 13 22 24 TTL trigger 15 U user offset 20 V video Timing 16 VSYNC 13 W warranty 35 03 32 10003 02
3. 81 3 5960 6354 fax www dalsa com asia dalsa com Camera Link is a trademark registered by PULNiX America Inc as chair of a committee of industry members including DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 3 Contents Introduction to the 4M4 Camera 5 TT Camerd Th OT 5 1 2 Image Sensors Reste e RD DEREN O DEREN DRE RR aM MM 6 1 3 Camera Performance Specifications Ta 7 Camera Hardwarelnterftace 9 2 Installation Overview csssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssssssecsssessesssssssssssssssseseeeeessssssssssssuseceeseeseesssssssssssansecees 9 2 2 Ariput DUIDUE 5 tert rettet eddie detiene iste rette bottes dl 9 2 3 LED Status Indias 10 24 POW iy T Ea OEEO AA 1 2 5 IST T 1 2 6 Serial Communion 13 27 MME Hra TTS TR TH UT T 15 2 8 Integration Times EE GER ERREUR DEUS NUN 15 2 OLTRE regener EISELE AREER 0000 D ME 15 Camera Operation 17 3 1 How to Control the Comerd sccsssssssssssssssssssssecccscssscssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssessssssssssssssssesesssssesssssssssee 7 3 2 Control Register Reference s 18 3 3 Reading the Camera Typ 19 3 4 Reading the Firmware Revision ccsccsccsssssssssssssssssssesssssssssssssessssesecsssssssssssssssecseseesesssssssssssssseceeseeseessesssssssssssesees 19 3 5 Resetting the Cainerd c RU S ERR HEU URS 19 TAIS m rccte MU M M 20 3 7 Adjusting User Offset E RERO 20 3 9 Control
4. 4 1 Mechanical Interface Figure 10 Camera Dimensions 47 6 1 52 3 913 101 1 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 4 2 Mechanical Tolerances Table 17 Mechanical Tolerances Additional Dimensions Center of sensor with respect to lens 020 mount Planarity of lens flange to sensor 010 Rotation of sensor lt 3 4 3 Mounting the Camera The 4M4 can be mounted via the3 8 deep 1 4 20 threaded tripod mount located on the bottom of the camera 28 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 29 Cleaning and Maintenance 5 1 Cleaning DALSA Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor Charge coupled device CCD image sensors are metal oxide semiconductor MOS devices and are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge ESD Although many sensor pins have ESD protection circuitry the ESD protection circuitry in CCDs is typically not as effective as those found in standard CMOS circuits Electrostatic charge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce charge buildup on the underside of the window that cannot be readily dissipated by the dry nitrogen gas in the sensor package cavity When charge buildup occurs surface gated photodiodes SGPDs may exhibit higher image lag Some SGPD sensors may also exhibit a highly non uniform response when affected by charge build up with some pixels displaying a much higher response when the
5. All electronic modules and cameras are subjected to a 24 hour burn in test For further information not included in this manual or for information on DALSA s extensive line of image sensing products please call Waterloo 605 McMurray Rd Waterloo ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel 519 886 6000 Fax 519 886 8023 www dalsa com sales dalsa com Waterloo 605 McMurray Rd Waterloo ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel 519 886 6000 Fax 519 886 8023 www dalsa com sales dalsa com DALSA Sales Offices Europe Asia Pacific Breslauer Str 34 Space 61 Building 4F D 82194 Gr benzell 2 40 2 Ikebukuro Munich Toshima ku Tokyo Germany 171 0014 Tel 49 8142 Japan 46770 81 3 5960 6353 Fox 49 8142 phone 467746 81 3 5960 6354 www dalsa com fax europe dalsa com www dalsa com asia dalsa com DALSA Worldwide Operations Colorado Springs 5055 Corporate Plaza Drive Colorado Springs CO 80919 USA Tel 719 599 7700 Fax 719 599 7775 www dalsa com sales dalsa com Tucson 3450 S Broadmont Dr Suite 128 Tucson AZ 85713 5245 USA Tel 520 791 7700 Fax 520 791 7766 http lifesciences dals a com sales dalsa com Europe Breslauer Str 34 D 82194 Gr benzell Munich Germany Tel 4 49 8142 46770 Fax 49 8142 467746 www dalsa com europe dalsa com Asia Pacific Space 61 Building 4F 2 40 2 Ikebukuro Toshima ku Tokyo 171 0014 Japan 81 3 5960 6353 phone
6. Reading a camera register requires only a single read command byte WARNING Due to initialization sequencing after power up no commands should be sent to the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 15 The remote interface connector on the cameras rear Serial Cable Source panel is specified as a low profile RJ 11 modular connector The connector is a 6 position model but only the center four positions are populated with contacts It will mate with either the 4 position or 6 position cable plugs This type of connector typically requires special assembly tools complete cable assemblies are available from suppliers such as Digi Key Digi Key 701 Brooks Ave South Thief River Falls MN 56701 1 800 344 4539 cable part number H2643 14 ND 14 feet DALSA provides serial cables in 3 lengths 10 20 and 50 Part number CL 31 00004 xx where xx refers to the cable length in feet 2 7 TTL Trigger Input and Output Connector The camera uses an SMA connector labeled TRIGGER IN to allow the user to provide a standard TTL signal to control camera integration and readout The input is high impedance gt 10K allowing the user to terminate at the SMA input as needed The camera has another SMA connector TRIGGER OUT that provides a standard TTL output which is high whenever the camera is integrating i 4 Min 5 us Figure 7 Trigger Timing Description U TTL
7. The camera will integrate for as long as the pulse is held high In this mode TRIGGER IN also controls integration See section 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time External Trigger Programmed Integration This is the same as External Integrate SMA Trigger Mode See section 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time Example Set the Frame Rate to 2 5 fps 1 Refer to section 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview to ensure the desired frame rate can be supported for the selected binning and integration modes 2 Using the command 81h set bit 0 of the data byte to 0 Integration Mode Internal and bit 3 of the data byte to 1 Trigger Mode External NOTE All bits within the register are written at one time Ensure the correct value for all bits are used when changing camera modes 3 Setthe desired integration time according to section 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time 4 Each TTL rising edge on the SMA connector will initiate a new frame of data using the programmed integration time To achieve 2 5 fps a TTL pulse must be sent to the camera every 400 ms 1 2 5 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 25 External Integration This is the same as External Integrate Mode Refer to section 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 26 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 27 Optical and Mechanical Considerations
8. 3 6 Adjusting Gain Bit 4 of register 1 is the Video Gain control bit When this bit 0 the video channel gain 1x When this bit 1 the video channel gain 4x Example Setting the Gain Use this command to set the gain to 4x Command Value Binary 1000 0001 0001 0000 Hex 81h 10h Note The register containing the Gain bit also controls other configuration data All bits must be set appropriately 3 7 Adjusting User Offset User offset is adjustable from 2047 to 2048 by a 12 bit value as an MS and LS byte The offset data is only written when the most significant 8 bits are written to register 3 Therefore the lower 4 bits should be written first to register 4 followed by the upper 8 bits which will cause the offset to be applied to the pixel output The pixel offset data is written as a 2 s complement number Therefore either positive or negative offsets can be added to the pixel output to enhance the image contrast The offset value that is programmed effects the pixel offset by a ratio of about 8 to 5 So for that example if an offset value of a positive 16 is entered to registers 2 and 3 the resulting pixel data will be adjusted by a positive 10 Table 14 Pixel Offset Examples Programmed Offset Register 4 Register 3 Resulting Pixel Decimal 2 s Offset Complement 88 058h X8h 05h 55 37h 96 FAOh 2 s X0h FAh 60 FC4h 152 098h X8h 09h 95 5Fh 2040 808h X8h 80h 1275 4FBh The read user offset command
9. HSYNC F represents the number of falling clock edges from the falling edge of HSYNC to the falling edge of VSYNC Table 10 HSYNC Pixel Timing Horizontal A B C D E F Binning Mode 1x 31 10 2048 0 182 150 2x 15 12 1024 0 164 296 4x 7 12 512 0 152 582 Table 11 VSYNC Pixel Timing HSYNC falling edges VSYNC falling edge Vertical Binning Pre Scan Active Post Scan Lines Frame Mode Lines Frame Lines Frame 1x 16 2048 16 2x 8 1024 4x 4 512 4 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 17 Camera Operation 3 1 How to Control the Camera DALSA The 4M4 s RS 232 compatible serial interface allows you to control its configuration and operation including e Triggering Mode e Binning e Integration Time e Gain e Offset e Reset Command Protocol Overview The camera accepts 8 bit command value pairs via its RJ 11 serial port using RS 232 compatible SDE signals Camera commands are clock Baud 9600 fixed commands which apply to the electronics that Start bits 1 drive the image sensor These include clock Data bits 8 generation integration time and binning Each set of commands includes read and write variants With the exception of reset commands Parity None all 8 bit write commands must be followed by an 8 bit data byte The commands are interpreted as follows Stop bits 1 WARNING Any commands not listed should be considered invalid Writing to invalid addresses may overwrite camera ca
10. Trigger Input p E n l U 175ns gt Integration SENA uM 2 8 Integration Time The minimum integration time or shutter time is 5 us If the camera is not strobed or externally shuttered an integration time of 5 us will create smeared images To reduce smearing the integration time should be 1 5x to 2x the readout time when not using a strobe or external shutter 2 9 Timing The 4M4 pixel clock runs at 20 MHz so each pixel clock cycle will be 1 20 000 000 or 50 ns The following diagram and tables describe the correct timing requirements for the 4M4 camera DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 16 Figure 8 4M Timing C vsync 1 4 pa 1 pe _ a ee lt r gt Dat SPESSI ETS Lo PIXEL CLOCK IMPORTANT This camera uses the falling edge of the pixel clock to register data DALSA LA A RE Ln n A represents the number of falling clock edges from the rising edge of VSYNC to the rising edge of HSYNC B represents the number of falling clock edges prior to the first word Pre Scan pixels C represents the number of words per line D represents the number of falling clock edges between the last word and the falling edge of HSYNC Post Scan pixels E represents the number of falling clock edges between a falling HSYNC and a rising
11. in order to obtain a Return Goods Authorization form Repair cannot begin until the form is issued completed and returned to DALSA DALSA Technical Support Phone 519 886 6000 Fax 519 886 8023 email support DALSA com DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 36 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual DALSA 37 Index A about DALSA 2 ADU aka DN 8 aperture 7 applications 6 B baud 14 BIN LED 10 binning 21 C cables 15 calibration conditions 8 command protocol 17 connector 13 15 connectors 9 11 12 control register 18 D data bits 14 data clocking signals 13 data rate 7 data signal definitions 12 DTE 13 dynamic range 8 E external integrate mode 24 F features 5 firmware revision 19 frame rate 7 24 limits 22 G gain adjusting 20 gain range 8 H hard reset 19 HSYNC 13 image sensor 6 inputs 10 installation 9 integration limits 22 modes 23 integration mode 22 integration time 22 L LED 10 mass 7 MODE LED 10 modes external integration 24 free running 23 integration 23 programmed integration external trigger 23 triggering 23 O ON LED 10 operating ranges 7 operating temp 8 outputs 10 data 11 P parity 14 performance specifications 7 physical characteristics 7 pinout 9 11 12 13 PIXCLK 13 pixel size 7 POST LED 10 power dissipation 7 03 32 10003 02
12. will run at maximum speed for the programmed integration time The camera s default integration time value is 32 ms Example Set integration time to 2 ms 1 Using the command 81h set bit 0 of the data byte to 1 Integrate Mode Internal and bit 1 of the data byte to 1 Trigger Mode Internal NOTE All bits within the register are written at one time Ensure the correct value for all bits are used when changing camera modes 2 Usecommands 82h to set the 7 bit integration time value Value 2ms 77h Write Integration Byte Command Value Binary 1000 0010 0111 0111 Hex 82h 77h Programmed Integration External Trigger For external SMA controlled triggering with a programmed integration time a TTL rising edge on the TRIGGER IN signal triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data Integration begins within 112 ns after the rising edge 132 ns in binning mode and stops when the programmed integration time has completed After that single frame acquisition the camera outputs the just acquired frame and re arms thus waiting for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition The camera is armed when the read out of the acquired frame is completed No additional rising edges or triggers should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 24 When the camera is in External Trigger Mode the MODE LED will be illuminated on the camera back to i
13. 2 12 bit Responsivity DN nJ 18 540 nm cm DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual DALSA Operating Temp 15 Input Voltage 15 Input Voltage 5 Input Voltage 5 Input Voltage Nominal Gain Range Calibration Conditions Data Rate Frame Rate Video Output Level 15 Input Voltage 15 Input Voltage 5 Input Voltage 5 Input Voltage Ambient Temperature Binning Gain Electro Optical Specifications Dynamic Range Pixel Response Non Uniformity System Noise MHz Hz DN Units dB rms DN rms 10 14 925 15 075 4 975 4 975 1x Setting 20 4 4095 15 15 5 5 25 1x1 1x Min 45 15 075 14 925 5 025 5 025 4x Min 14 925 15 075 4 975 4 975 1x1 1x Typical 65 2 5 Max 415 075 14 925 5 025 5 025 4x4 4x Max 12 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual Camera Hardware Interface 2 1 Installation Overview In order to set up your camera you should take these initial steps 1 This installation overview 2 assumes you have not installed any system components yet 5 Power down all equipment Following the manufacturer s instructions install the frame grabber if applicable Be sure to observe all static precautions Install any necessary imaging software Before connecting power to the camera test all power supplies Ensure that all the correct voltages are present at the camera e
14. DALSTAR 4M DS 11 04M04 4 fps 2k x 2k CCD Camera User s Manual and Reference Doc 03 32 10003 Rev 02 DATSA V technology with vision 4M4 Camera User s Manual 2003 DALSA All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part by any means is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA About DALSA DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs develops manufactures and markets digital imaging products and solutions in addition to providing wafer foundry services DALSA s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics technology and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing Products include image sensor components electronic digital cameras and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS power semiconductors image sensors and mixed signal CMOS chips DALSA is a public company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol DSA Based in Waterloo On Canada the company has operations in Bromont PQ Colorado Springs CO Tucson AZ Eindhoven NL Munich Germany and Tokyo Japan All DALSA products are manufactured using the latest state of the art equipment to ensure product reliability
15. a gt 2mV 10 la Amplitude a Blemish Definition 1 Column One pixel wide and gt 7 pixel high defect whose height is constant with light level 2 White Blemishes are temperature dependent They are specified in darkness at 25 C 3 Black Blemishes are independent of temperature but amplitude is proportional to the mean output voltage They are specified as a percentage of mean illumination up to VSAT 2 min 4 Traps are defects White Black in darkness at 25 C 5 Is the amplitude of video signal of blemishes 6 Eg 20 lt ae 7 For Amplitude lt 20 pixel is not a blemish 8 Z1 is a square area whose side is half the height of the image zone centered in the image zone 9 Z2isthe rest of the image zone 10 Image grade is measured on VOS output signal with four outputs operating mode 1s integration time in darkness 100kHz vertical frequency and 5 MHz horizontal frequency 11 Illumination conditions 3200K Halogen lamp BG38 filter F 3 5 1 3 Camera Performance Specifications Table 3 4M4 Camera Performance Specifications Physical Units Characteristics Resolution HxV 2048x2048 pixels Pixel Size um 14x 14 Pixel Fill Factor 100 Size mm 95x95x141 Mass kg 0 85 Power Dissipation W lt 21 Lens Mount F mount Aperture mm 28 67 x 28 67 Regulatory Compliance Pending Shock Immunity Pending Vibration Immunity Pending Operating Ranges Units Min Max Frame Rate fps 4 Data Rate MHz 20 Data Format RS 42
16. e from other vendors DALSA assumes no responsibility for the use of these supplies When setting up the camera s power supplies follow these guidelines e Do not connect or disconnect cable while power is on e Donot use the shield on a multi conductor cable for ground e Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop e Use high quality linear supplies to minimize noise 2 5 Data Output Figure 3 represents the data channel output image viewed from the front of the CCD Figure 3 Data Channel Output IMAGE ZONE DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual DALSA e Connector and Pinout Figure 4 Molex Part 70928 2000 or equivalent o AND OP WN A e Pe PP eB Ae won e O 15 1 6 DATA Connector Pinout Symbol DAO DAO DA14 DA1 DA24 DA2 DA34 DA3 DA44 DA4 DAS DA5 DA64 DA6 Reserved Pin 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Symbol Reserved DA7 DAZ DA8 DA8 DA9 DA9 DA10 DA10 DA11 DA11 NC NC NC NC NC No Connect These pins are unused Pin 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Z Z Z ZZZ Z2 g GEO IO Le a 16 ea 8 Z Za Z a Z Z QZ Z J Pin 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Reserved Reserved VSYNC VSYNC HSYNC HSYNC PIXCLK PIXCLK 12 WARNING To insure proper connection and to prevent damage to the connector ca
17. e in environmental conditions Protecting Against Dust Oil and Scratches The CCD window is part of the optical path and should be handled like other optical components with extreme care Dust can obscure pixels producing dark patches on the sensor response Dust is most visible when the illumination is collimated The dark patches shift position as the angle of illumination changes Dust is normally not visible when the sensor is positioned at the exit port of an integrating sphere where the illumination is diffuse Dust can normally be removed by blowing the window surface using clean dry compressed air unless the dust particles are being held by an electrostatic charge in which case either an ionized blower or wet cleaning is necessary Oil is usually introduced during handling Touching the surface of the window barehanded will leave oily residues Using rubber fingercots and rubber gloves can prevent contamination However the friction between rubber and the window may produce electrostatic charge that may damage the sensor To avoid ESD damage and to avoid introducing oily residues only hold the sensor from the edges of the ceramic package and avoid touching the sensor pins and the window Scratches can be caused by improper handling cleaning or storage of the sensor Vacuum picking tools should not come in contact with the window surface CCDs should not be stored in containers where they are not properly secured and can s
18. e triggering integration and frame rate are closely related e Integration time can be less than 1 frame rate but it can never be greater than 1 frame rate e You can program fixed integration and frame rates or use defaults and let the camera free run e You can program fixed integration time and supply a asynchronous trigger signal to control frame rate by supplying a TTL pulse on the SMA connector This is referred to as Programmed Integration External Trigger Mode e Youcan also have the camera integrate as long as an asynchronous TTL pulse is held high This pulse will therefore control both integration time and frame rate This is also known as External Integrate Mode For a given frame rate the maximum integration time is limited to the frame period less an overhead factor required for proper operation of the CCD Maximum integration time is defined by this equation Max Integration Time 1 Frame Rate Readout Time This equation is valid for all binning modes free running external trigger and external integrate modes Note Binning mode impacts the Read Time and limits Integration Time WARNING Do not set integration time higher than the limits of the equation above Unpredictable operation may result Table 15 Integration Frame Rate Limits Binning Read out MaxFrame Data Rate Resolution Time mS Rate MHz 1x1 233 4 20 2048 x 2048 2x2 125 8 10 1024 x 1024 4x4 70 14 5 512 x 512 The default Integrat
19. ion time was chosen to give a frame rate of 4 fps see section 3 11 Controlling Frame Rate 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time DALSA The 4M4 allows you to control integration also known as exposure time or shutter time in three ways Programmed Integration Free Running default The camera free runs with the internally programmed integration time and frame rate e Programmed Integration External Trigger The camera will integrate for the internally programmed time when triggered by a TTL high pulse on the SMA connector 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 23 DALSA e External Integration The camera will integrate as long as the TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector is high The integration time is effectively the input pulse width In this mode TRIGGER IN also controls the frame rate The register settings required for each mode are defined in the following table Table 16 Integration Trigger Modes Mode Register 1 Register 1 Bit 0 Bit 3 INTEGRATE EXT Trigger Programmed Integration Free Running 0 0 Programmed Integration External Trigger 0 1 External Integration 1 1 Whenever the Integrate Mode or External Trigger Mode bits are set the MODE LED on the right side of the rear cover will light to indicate that an externally trigger mode is active Free Running Programmed Integration This mode is the camera s default Write the 7 bit integration value to bits 6 0 in register 2 The camera
20. libration information requiring the camera to be returned for recalibration WARNING Due to initialization sequencing after power up no commands should be sent to the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 18 3 2 Control Register Reference DALSA A number of functions and modes depend on the control register settings These settings are detailed in the following sections The Write Control Register command is used to write a register that controls specific camera triggering and test functions This command must be followed by a data byte with bits defined as shown in the following table The Read Control Register command allows interrogation of the camera to determine current configuration of the control register Table 12 Control Register Bit Definitions Register Write Read Bit Function Default Command Command Reset 80h 7 0 Resets all registers to NA default values Camera Type NA C3h 7 0 Read camera type 14h Firmware Rev NA C5h 7 0 Read firmware revision NA Register 1 81h Clh 7 Always 0 6 5 Not Used 4 Video Gain 0 1x 1 4x 9 2 Binning Mode 00 0021x1 01 2x2 10 4x4 1 Trigger Mode 0 0 External 1 Internal 0 Integration Mode 0 0 External 1 Internal Programmed Register 2 82h C2h 7 Always 0 0 6 0 Integration Time Oh 7Dh 500 us 7Bh 1 ms 77h 2 ms 6Fh 4 ms 5Fh 8 ms 3Fh 16 ms Register 3 84h C4h 7 0 Pixel Offset MS 00h Register 4 88h C8h 7 4 Re
21. lide against the container Scratches diffract incident illumination When exposed to uniform illumination a sensor with a scratched window will normally have brighter pixels adjacent to darker pixels The location of these pixels will change with the angle of illumination Cleaning the Sensor Window 1 Use clean dry compressed air to blow off loose particles This step alone is usually sufficient to clean the sensor window If further cleaning is required use a lens wiper moistened with alcohol We recommend using lint free ESD safe cloth wipers that do not contain particles that can scratch the window 4 Wipe the window carefully and slowly 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 31 There are no user serviceable parts on this camera Please contact DALSA service DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 32 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 33 Troubleshooting Start Verify the DC power supply and cabling are correct by checking voltages at the camera end of the power cable WARNING Isthe ON LED Illuminated Power down the camera before disconnecting the cables YES The camera did not pass the Power on Self Test Power Is the POST down the camera and verify the LED Serial Port and Data Port cables illuminated are as specified in section 2 5 amp 2 6 Power the camera back up YES FREE RUNNING or EXTERNAL Triggering Is the MODE LED Il
22. ling Binhihg i m E RR e ERR RN ERR RU SS 21 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview eee 22 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time e HTHH t 2 3 1 Controlling Frame R le ettet RH BR URN 24 Optical and Mechanical Considerations 27 AW Mechanical Inferf te a c E ECACC 27 4 2 Mechanical U OM COS eee dd REED 28 43 Mountifig s ERREUR ERR RERUMS 28 Cleaning and Maintenance _ 29 My UCL TT 29 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 4 Maintenance m c 3l Troubleshooting 33 Warranty 35 7 VLimit d Orie Yedr Warranty certet e E 35 Index 37 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 5 Introduction to the 4M4 Camera 1 1 Camera Highlights Features e 2048 x 2048 resolution Full frame CCD architecture e 4 fps single output at full resolution 20 MHz data rate e True 12 bit digitization e High sensitivity with low dark current Progressive scan readout e Pixel Flushing e Selectable binning up to 4 x 4 e Programmable operation via RS232 including gain 1x and 4x offset 2047 to 2048 integration binning and triggering e 100 fill factor Description The 4M4 digital camera provides high sensitivity 12 bit images with 2k x 2k spatial resolution at up to 4 frames per second fps The 4M4 is a full frame CCD camera using a progressive scan CCD to simultaneously achieve outstanding resolution and gray scale characteristics A sq
23. luminated Is the MODE LED Illuminated EXT YES The camera is attempting to trigger from an external source Reset the EXT TRIGGER bit in the control registers to 0 The camera is running on internal trigger Set the EXT TRIGGER bit in the control CONGRATULATIONS You now have one of the world s best registers to 1 cameras in operation YES Did this resolve your problem We apologize for the difficulties Please contact your DALSA technical support representative DALSA for additional information 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 34 DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 35 Warranty 7 1 Limited One Year Warranty What We Do This product is warranted by DALSA for one year from date of original purchase Please refer to your Purchase Order Confirmation for details What is Not Covered This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse or as a result of service or modification by other than DALSA or by hardware software interfacing or peripherals not provided by DALSA DALSA shall have no obligation to modify or update products once manufactured This warranty does not apply to DALSA Software Products Note If the camera has a non standard cover glass e g taped the warranty is void on the CCD How to Obtain Service for Your Equipment If you want to return your product for repair contact DALSA Customer Service
24. nd of the power cable See section 1 3 Camera Performance Specifications on page 7 for appropriate voltages Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section 2 4 Power Input on page 11 Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation Do not use damaged cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged Connect data serial interface and power cables After connecting cables apply power to the camera The POST power on self test LED on the back of the camera should glow green after one second to indicate that the camera is operating and ready to receive commands 2 2 Input Output The camera provides 12 bit RS 422 data and synchronization signals through the data output connector Camera functions such as integration time binning camera gain and offset are all controllable by the user via the RS232 serial port The camera is capable of free running operation or may be triggered externally via the input TRIGGER IN TRIGGER OUT allows the synchronization of shutters or illumination sources in free running or externally triggered modes DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual Figure 2 Camera Inputs Outputs Data output Power supply input O00 L 9 2 3 LED Status Indicators There are four LED s visible on the rear cover of the camera that indicate the status of the camera Table 4 LED Functions LED Color Label ON Green POST G
25. ndicate the camera is expecting a signal on the SMA connector External Integration SMA Trigger When in External Integrate SMA mode a TTL rising edge on the TRIGGER IN or SYNC signal triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data Integration begins within 112 ns after the rising edge 132 ns in binning mode and stops within 112 ns after the falling edge 132 ns in binning mode After that single frame acquisition the camera outputs the just acquired frame and re arms thus waiting for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition The camera is armed when the read out of the acquired frame is completed No additional rising edges or triggers should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out This means in this mode TRIGGER IN necessarily controls both integration and frame rate When the camera is in External Integration Mode the MODE LED will be illuminated on the camera back to indicate the camera is expecting a signal on the SMA connector 3 11 Controlling Frame Rate DALSA The 4M4 allows you to control frame rate in two ways e External Trigger Internal Integration The camera frame rate will be controlled by the TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector The camera will integrate for the programmed integration time See section 3 10 Controlling Integration Shutter Time e External Integration The camera frame rate will be controlled by the TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector
26. re must be taken when connecting data cables to the camera Data Signals Table 7 Data Signal Definitions Sig D 04 D 1 D 24 D 3 D 10 etc D 11 D 11 nal D 0 D 1 D 2 Description Data bit 0 true and complement Output Least significant bit Data bit 1 true and complement Output Data bit 2 true and complement Output Etc Data bit 11 true and complement Output Most significant bit 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 13 IMPORTANT This camera uses the falling edge of the pixel dock to register data Digitized video data is output from the camera as RS 422 differential signals using a Molex 60 pin connector on the rear panel labeled DATA The data is synchronous and is accompanied by a pixel clock and clocking signals Note Data frequency is dependent on binning mode See section 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview Data Clocking Signals Table 8 Clock Signal Descriptions Signal Description PIXCLK Pixel clock true and complement 20MHz unbinned Output PIXCLK Data is valid on the falling edge Note that data and PIXCLK frequency is dependent on binning mode See section 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview HSYNC Horizontal sync true and complement Output HSYNC HSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid line of data The number of valid lines in a frame depends on binning mode See section 3 9
27. reen BIN Red MODE Red DALSA LED ON Camera is receiving power Camera Power On Self Test successful Camera is operating in a binning mode Camera is in an external trigger mode uses external signal to trigger image capture 10 LED Status indicators Trigger input amp output Gn LED OFF There is no camera power Camera failed Power On Self Test Camera is operating unbinned 1x1 Camera is triggering image capture internally 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 2 4 Power Input Table 5 Power Connector Pinout Pin Symbol 1 45V 45V 5V 415V 15V 15V GND 15 8 GND DBI5M 5V AMP Part 747236 4 5V or equivalent 15V 15V 15V GND GND WARNING It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera Incorrect voltages will damage the camera AND TF WN A EXE LL BEEN E oF WN KF C n The camera has the following input power requirements V Max A DC Ripple mV 15 5 0 lt 50 0 10 15 5 0 lt 50 0 25 5 5 0 lt 50 1 60 5 5 0 lt 50 0 13 Note Performance specifications are not guaranteed if your power supply does not meet these requirements DALSA offers a linear power supply with cables that meets the 4M4 s requirements Universal Power Supply part number 24 00001 02 contact DALSA for more information but it should not be considered the only choice Many high quality supplies are availabl
28. s allow you to read back this information from the camera DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 21 Reading Offset from the Camera To read the offset setting from the camera use these commands Read LSB Read MSB Binary 1100 1000 1100 0100 Hex C8h C4h 3 8 Controlling Binning Binning increases the camera s light sensitivity by decreasing horizontal and vertical resolution the charge collected by adjacent pixels is added together Figure 9 Example of 2x2 Binning More charge brighter pixel q2 a q4 3 c9 ji Charge in Charge binned Normal image Binned image 4 adjacent pixels 1 pixel output The 4M4 is capable of up to 4x4 binning To enable binning you must write bits 3 2 to control register 1 Binning mode affects the pixel clock rate maximum frame rate resolution and readout time Reference section 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview Example Setting the camera to 2x2 binning mode Write Binning Register with 2x2 mode Command Value Binary 1000 0001 see per Hex 81h h Note The register containing the Binning bits also controls other configuration data All bits must be set appropriately Whenever the camera is in binning mode the BIN LED on the right side of the rear cover will light to indicate the 2x2 or 4x4 mode DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 22 3 9 Triggering Integration and Frame Rate Overview Image captur
29. sensor is exposed to uniform illumination The charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor returns to normal operation L Preventing ESD Damage To prevent ESD damage DALSA advises you to take the following handling precautions 1 Ground yourself prior to handling CCDs 2 Ensure that your ground and your workbench are also properly grounded Install conductive mats if your ground or workbench is non conductive 3 Use bare hands or non chargeable cotton gloves to handle CCDs NOTE Rubber fingercots can introduce electrostatic charge if the rubber comes in contact with the sensor window 4 Handle the CCD from the edge of the ceramic package and avoid touching the sensor pins 5 Donottouch the window especially in the region over the imaging area 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 30 DALSA 6 Ground all tools and mechanical components that come in contact with the CCD 7 DALSA recommends that CCDs be handled under ionized air to prevent static charge buildup 8 Always store the devises in conductive foam Alternatively clamps can be used to short all the CCD pins together before storing The above ESD precautions need to be followed at all times even when there is no evidence of CCD damage The rate which electrostatic charge dissipates depends on numerous environmental conditions and an improper handling procedure that does not appear to be damaging the CCDs immediately may cause damage with a chang
30. served Always 0 Oh 3 0 Pixel Offset LS Oh 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 19 3 3 Reading the Camera Type This read command returns an 8 bit value unique to the type of camera interrogated A 4M4 will return a value of 14h when this command is issued This is useful for applications that need to function with multiple DALSTAR camera types Example Read the camera type Command Value Returned 4M4 Binary 1100 0011 0001 0100 Hex C3h 14h 3 4 Reading the Firmware Revision This command returns a byte in which the lower nibble is the revision number for the clock board firmware and the upper nibble is undefined The ability to read this value may assist in customer support issues Example Read the firmware version Command Binary 1100 0101 Hex C5h 3 5 Resetting the Camera DALSA This is the only other write command that is not followed by a data byte This command resets all clock board registers to their default values the values used at power up Table 13 Default values in effect after reset Feature Frame Rate fps Integration Time ms Resolution pixels Video Gain Binning Mode Pixel Offset Triggering Integration Control Data Rate MHz 4M4 Default 4 External 2048x2048 1x 1x1 0 External External 20 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 20 Example Reset the Camera Use this command to reset the camera Command Value Binary 1000 0000 e Hex 80h
31. uare pixel format and high fill factor provide superior quantifiable image quality even at low light levels DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 6 Applications The 4M4 is an outstanding performer in fast high resolution applications True 12 bit performance provides up to 4096 distinct gray levels perfect for applications with large interscene light variations The low noise digitized video signal also makes the camera an excellent choice where low contrast images must be captured in challenging applications 1 2 Image Sensor Figure 1 Image Sensor Block Diagram A Zone 520 Lines B Zone 520 Lines 3 Black Lines SS EZ dandi E 5 Isolation Table 1 Sensor Characteristics Characteristic Image Zone 28 670 mm H x 28 67 mm V Pixel size 14pm x 14um Active pixels 2048 H x 2080 V Total number of 2072 H x 2080 V pixels Dark Reference Left 7 Right 7 Columns Isolation Columns Left 5 Right 5 Optical black lines Top A 3 Bottom D 3 Extra Output Stages Left 18 Right 18 Table 2 Grade E Sensor Cosmetic Specifications Z1 Z1 Z2 Type Black or White defectsin Defects at White defectsin Defects at White darkness at 25 VSAT 2 darkness at 25 C VSAT 2 EC Pixels affected by 600 2000 blemishes Area 5x5 5x5 Maximum pixels Amplitude a a gt 40 mV 20 lt lal a gt 40 mV 20 lt la DALSA 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 7 Column Number 3 10 10 40 Maximum a gt 2mV 10 lt la
32. vice s TXD line must connect to the other device s RXD line and vice versa 03 32 10003 02 4M4 Camera User s Manual 14 Figure 5 25 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ 11 Connector PC AT DB25 RJ 11 Serial Port Camera Frame GND 1 1 Signal GND Transmit Data TXD 2 2 TXD output FROM camera Receive Data RXD G 3 RXD input TO camera Request to Send RTS 4 4 not used Clear to Send CTS Data Set Ready DSR Signal GND 7 Data Carrier Detect DCD s Data Terminal Ready DTR 20 Ring Indicator RI 92 Figure 6 9 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ 11 Connector PC AT DB9 RJ 11 Serial Port Camera Data Carrier Detect DCD 0 U Signal GND Receive Data RXD 2 gt Q TXD output FROM camera Transmit Data TXD 3 Ded 3 RXD input TO camera Data Terminal Ready DTR 4 a 4 not used Signal GND of Data Set Ready DSR 6 Request to Send RTS 7 Clear to Send CTS 8 Ring Indicator RI 9 Serial Communication Settings Table 9 Serial Port Configuration Serial Port Configuration Baud 9600 fixed Start bits 1 Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None The serial interface operates at RS 232 levels with fixed parameters of 9600 baud 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity The interface uses only three wires for received data transmitted data and ground In general when writing data you must start with a write command byte followed by a data byte
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