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DCT 6088 Manual - SRP Control Systems

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1. flovvmeter s relay parameters The relays may be used for functions such as alarm pump control etc Up to 4 relays Prog mView mest may be independently programmed for a variety of ON and OFF conditions Alternatively the relay can send a Figure 5 RELAYS Susmenu pulse to a remote device for example a totalizer sam pler or chlorinator whenever the internal totalizer ad vances by one unit 5 1 Programming the Relay 1 Access Menu 71 Figure 5 1 A 2 Each relay is independently programmed select the relay you want to program The Relay On Condition screen is displayed Figure 5 1 B Prog Relay Relay 1 On Condition ul 2 a3 m Figures 5 1 A 6 5 1 B 3 Select one of the following relay ON conditions e NOT PROGRAMMED OFF FLOW gt relay actuates when the flow rate is greater than the ON condition value FLOW lt relay actuates when the flow rate is less than the ON condition value SIGNAL gt relay actuates when the signal strength value is greater than the ON condition value SIGNAL lt relay actuates when the signal strength value is less than the ON condition value NET TOT gt relay actuates when the net totalizer value is greater than the ON condition value NET TOT lt relay actuates when the net totalizer value is less than the ON condition value e POSTOT gt relay actuates when the positive totalizer value is greater than the ON condition value POSTOT lt
2. 04 Cutoff This display indicates the values for signal strength and low signal cutoff Figure 4 6 E 25 4 7 Additional Setup Menus Within the PIPE Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Following are setup menus not included in the Quick Setup Configuration detailed in Section 4 5 page 14 Setup menus are used primarily to enter configuration data or to view the flowmeter s current configu ration settings The following setup menus are located within the PIPE submenu and are not required entries in the Quick Setup Configuration Pipe Wall Thickness setup menu 11 Figure 4 7 A Pipe Wall Thickness Pipe Sound Speed setup menu 14 This menu can only be configured if OTHER was selected as the pipe material in Menu 13 Enter the pipe sound speed If OTHER was NOT selected as the pipe material this menu is available by the direct access n method only and functions as a view only display to Pipe Sound Speed indicate the pipe sound speed as programmed in the flovvmeter s database Figure 4 7 B 10597 13 FPS 0 249 inches FIGURE 4 7 A Pipe Inside Roughness setup menu 15 This menu Figure 4 7 B can only be configured if OTHER was selected as the R pipe material in Menu 13 Data on this parameter are Pipe Roughness available from the Cameron Hydraulic Data Book published by Ingersoll Rand Enter the inside 0 000150 Ft roughness of the pipe If OTHER was NOT selected Figure 4 7 C as th
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5. 4 mounting ears to the metal threaded inserts on the back of the enclosure using the 5 16 inch screws provided in the mounting ears kit 2 Attach the ears to the wall with standard mounting Screws 2 2 Connecting the VViring All wiring should be routed through conduit or cable glands to seal the enclosure Refer to Figure 2 2 below for the recommended cable routing YERNNE IMPORTANT Bonding betvveen conduit connections is NOT automatic and must be provided as a part of the installation 7 O 17 KG J AC POVVER RELAYS DOVVNSTREAM UPSTREAM RS232 4 20mA TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER FIGURE 2 2 To prevent damage to the instrument verify that the voltage to be connected matches the voltage rating of the flowmeter The voltage rating is indicated warning beneath the power input terminals The power input terminals seen in Figure 2 2 above can be connected to one of the following input voltages 120 Vac 50 60 Hz setting should be on 110 240 Vac 50 60 Hz setting should be on 220 121024 Vdc setting should be on 110 2 2 Connecting the Wiring continued Prevent possible electrical shock and or damage to the meter disconnect power to the meter PRIOR to wiring WARNING Power should be connected in accordance with local standards or codes of practice AN For DC powered flovvmeters set the 4 20 mA current loop function
6. 44 8 3 Replacing Sonic Coupling Compound 45 8 4 Troubleshooting amp Support n nensis eee nennen nnne 46 8 41 General E 46 8 4 2 Local Representative Support cnn nano nn nne ennt ener sinn rennen nennen 46 8 4 3 Service amp Returns EE 47 O ooo A E EE 47 8 5 Warranty Statement is uuu ott e B eee alia ee tale br 48 9 Hazardous Area Installation 7 J J 49 9 1 North American Certification i 49 9 2 European GCertitiGation EE 52 9 3 North American Hazardous Area Installation Definitions AA 54 9 4 European Hazardous Area Installation Definitions A 54 9 5 CE Certification Requirements n entente nennen nens nnne 55 Appendix A Pipe Schedules uu uuu uu aaa anni nasa u 56 Appendix B Fluid Properties nen terre eee nene Ki nn u u u J J 60 B 1 Fluid Sound Velocities amp Kinematic Viscosities i 60 B 2 Clean Water Sound Speed Versus Temperature 73 B 3 Relationship Between Specific Gravity Viscosity amp Sound Velocity for Petroleum Products 74 Appendix C Monitoring amp Downloading Datalogs Using D Link 75 GA BE CH Te HR El eR 75 C 2 Establishing Communications with a Flowmeter ene 75 C 3
7. 5 secs FIGURE 4 10 C Lon Flov Cutoff 0 00 GPM FIGURE 4 10 D 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 30 2 403 e O ZERO FLOW DISPLAYED HERE Figure 4 10 E 4 10 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLOW Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Low Signal Cutoff setup menu 35 Empty pipes or solids bubbles or voids in the flow stream may cause temporary drops in signal strength and erroneous readings Minimize the effect of these dropouts by setting a low signal cutoff which drives the flowmeter to the loss of signal LOS condition The low signal cutoff should be set at the minimum acceptable signal amplitude To set the low signal cutoff a Access the Low Signal Cutoff setup menu 35 Figure 4 10 F b Enterthe low signal cutoff and press ENTER 2 05 Lov Signal Cutoff NOTE The value for the lovv signal cutoff should Figure 4 10 F usually be set at approximately one half of the value of the signal strength present under flow conditions Typically signal strength is not significantly affected by flow rate Select one of the following Low Signal Action ZERO the flowmeter drops the reading to zero during LOS condition or Zero Hold HOLD the flowmeter holds the last valid Figure 4 10 G reading during LOS condition for about 3 seconds Figure 4 10 G 4 11 Additional Setup Menus Within the TOTAL Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration
8. Figure 4 14 E 13 Press the DOWN ARROW and Figure 4 14 F is Span 20 mA displayed 0 00 GPM anticipated reading and press ENTER Figure 4 14 F 14 Enter a flovv rate vvhich equals the 20 mA maximum 15 Access Menu 00 to complete the current loop calibration process NOTE The current loop output freezes for approximately 30 seconds after calibrating or testing 4 15 Additional Setup Menus Within the RELAYS Submenu Refer to Section 5 page 30 for information on the RELAYS submenu 70 4 16 Additional Setup Menus Within the DATA LOG Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration The DATA LOG submenu contains the Log Menu 80 and the Log Interval menu 81 The datalogger provides the ability of continuously recording flow data at a preset interval The flowmeter has a single datalog file with approximately 30 000 data points available This allows considerable data to be collected For instance if collecting data at a 60 second interval the flowmeter could store data for approximately 20 days The datalogger is always enabled always recording data When all 30 000 points are recorded the datalogger records over the previous data points one at a time in a continuous loop starting with the oldest data points first The log file can be transferred in ASCII format to an IBM9 compatible PC for record keeping or analysis In addition the datalog file can be deleted by resetting the data point values to zero Log files are
9. Monitoring Datalogs ua A vene eee eee ayakunata Qasa ete aaa eee eee 76 REI Dee Te RE E EE 77 1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 1 1 Introduction The DCT6088 Digital Correlation Transit Time Flowmeter is manufactured by Thermo Electron Corpora tion This microprocessor based instrument measures the flow of clean homogeneous liquids liquids without large concentrations of suspended particles or gasses such as air bubbles The flowmeter is noninvasive which means that it measures flow from outside the pipe Its transducers can be mounted to a pipe within a matter of minutes and flow measurements may be made without interrupting the flow or modifying pipework The DCT6088 can be configured using an integral keypad for entering variables such as pipe size pipe material wall thickness and fluid type refer to Section 4 5 page 14 1 2 Theory of Operation Sound waves travel in fluids at a specific velocity depending on the type of fluid If the fluid is moving the sound wave travels at a velocity equal to the sum of the speed of sound in the fluid and the velocity of the fluid itself relative to the transducer A sound wave traveling in the same direction as the fluid flow down stream will arrive sooner than a sound wave traveling against the flow upstream A transit time flowme ter operates by measuring both the absolute travel time of each sound wave and the difference in time required for the waves to travel between an externally
10. Totalizer Units setup menu 36 The flow unit selected for the totalizer display may be different from the flow unit selected for the flow rate display Gallons Figure 4 11 A Totalizer Units m 8 Figure 4 11 A Totalizer Multiplier setup menu 37 The totalizer value can be displayed vvith one of several multiplier n values For example 700 liters can be displayed as Totalizer Mult 700 if the selected multiplier value is X1 or it can be x1 x10 displayed as Zif selected multiplier value is X100 Figure 4 11 B Figure 4 11 B Net Totalizer setup menu 38 Use this menu to enable or disable the net totalizer The net totalizer Net Totalizer provides the difference between the positive and off negative flow values For example if there are 1000 gallons of flow in the negative direction and 3000 Figure 4 11 C gallons of flow in the positive direction the net totalizer indicates 2000 gallons of net flow Figure 4 11 C 20 4 11 Additional Setup Menus Within the TOTAL Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Positive Totalizer setup menu 39 Use this menu to enable or disable the positive totalizer The positive totalizer tracks the flow that moves in the positive on direction from upstream transducer to downstream transducer It is NOT affected by flow in the opposite Figure 4 11 D direction Figure 4 11 D Totalizer Negative Totalizer setup menu 40 Use this
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12. at the factory for this certification TABLE 1 ORDERING INFORMATION 1 5 Technical Specifications 1 5 1 Performance Flow range Accuracy Sensitivity Linearity Pipe size Pipe material Liner material 1 5 2 Functional Outputs Power supply Keypad Display Datalogger Relays Programming Temperature Range Humidity limits 1 5 3 Physical Transmitter Transducers Weight O to 40 ft s 0 to 12 m s 1 of velocity or 0 05 ft s 0 0152 m s typical digital output 0 001 ft s 0 3 mm s at any flow rate including zero 0 1 of scale digital output 1 to 200 in 25 mm to 5 m aluminum asbestos carbon steel cast iron copper ductile iron fiberglass epoxy PVC PVDF low and high density stainless steel ebonite mortar polyester polyethylene polypropylene polystyrene polystyrol rubber tar epoxy teflon 4 20 mA into 1000 ohms 12 bit 5 kV opto isolated loop or self powered RS232 serial interface 90 to 132 Vac and 190 to 250 Vac 50 60 Hz standard switch selectable 12 to 24 Vdc optional 19 key with tactile action 40 character 2 line alphanumeric backlit LCD 30 0000 points time stamped programmable in 1 second intervals 5 A SPDT fully programmable 1 relay standard up to 4 relays available via UltraScan utility supplied with flowmeter OR integral keypad Transducers 40 to 212 F 40 to 100 C optional high temperature transducers available Transm
13. corner of the straight edge of the paper is aligned with the mark made for the transducer spacing Tape the paper down or have someone hold the paper in place Figure 6 4 L Go to the other side of the pipe 9 o clock position and mark the pipe at the point where the marked fold and the inside edge of the paper length intersect Figure 6 4 M Remove the paper from the pipe and trace the shape of the 9 o clock transducer in the same manner you did for the 3 o clock transducer Ensure that the inside edge of the transducer opposite the cable connection is even with the point just marked on the 9 o clock side of the pipe Figure 6 4 N Mount the transducers with pipe straps by following steps 5 6 in Section 6 3 page 35 Figure 6 4 O AT LEAST 3 INCHES INSIDE CORNER OF STRAIGHT EDGE MEASURE FROM HERE 3 O CLOCK TRANSDUCER CALCULATED TRANSDUCER SPACING Figure 6 4 L Z Mount srEP 12 MARKED FOLD MARKING POINT FOR 9 O CLOCK POSITION 3 O CLOCK TRANSDUCER 40 Figure 6 4 M Z Mount STEP 13 9 O CLOCK TRANSDUCER TRACING Figure GAN Z Mount STEP 14 TRANSDUCER 9 O CLOCK TRANSDUCER PIPE STRAPS Figure 6 4 O Z Mount STEP 15 The figure below illustrates the final Z method installation 9 O CLOCK TRANSDUCER 7 3 O CLOCK gt 1 9 O CLOCK RANSD R RANSDUCER O CLOCK NN Z E TRANSDUCER TOP VIEW END VIEW FIGURE 6 4 P 6 4 4 WV an
14. driven from an external power supply In this case the flowmeter acts as a passive 2 wire transmitter Prevent possible electrical shock and or damage to the meter disconnect power to the meter PRIOR to wiring WARNING To connect the current loop 1 Ensure the loop powering option is correct 2 Locate the jumpers on the upper right corner of the module Refer to Figure 3 1 A below to change the jumper settings 3 Refer to Figure 3 1 B below for the self povvered option or Figure 3 1 C below for the loop powered option CURRENT LOOP MODULE LOOP POVVERED ON OFF OFF IN SELF POWERED OFF ON ON JP2 JPi TO REMOVE OR REPLACE PCB REMOVE BOTH SCREWS AND PULL STRAIGHT UP AND AWAY REMOTE DEVICE CURRENT LOOP MODULE OUT Figures 3 1 A LEFT 3 1 B RIGHT TOP 3 1 C RIGHT BOTTOM 3 2 Relay Terminals Up to 4 relays may be installed in the DCT6088 The relays are rated at 5 A 250 Vac Each relay contains a normally open and normally closed dry contact accessible at the terminal blocks The terminals for the relay are labeled on the module as NO normally open C common and NC normally closed When the relay is energized the C terminal is shorted to the NO terminal Figure 3 2 A below When the relay is at rest the C terminal is shorted to the NC terminal The terminal blocks for the relays are labeled on the board as HELAY 1 through RELAY 4 The relay terminal blocks should be w
15. for all 5 applications using clamp on transducers including high temperature transducers Figure 4 5 H Transducer Mount b Access the Transducer Mounting setup menu KY 7 W WV WW 24 and select the desired mounting method Figure 4 5 1 Figure 4 5 1 6 Access the Transducer Spacing view only menu 25 Note the required spacing betvveen transducers Figure 4 5 J 3 30 inches Transducer Spacing FIGURE 4 5 J 4 5 Quick Setup Configuration continued 7 Access the Flow Units setup menu 30 within the FLOW submenu Use this setup menu to select the flow rate units Volumetric units are displayed first followed by the associated time per units a Selectone of the available volumetric units Figure 4 5 K Flow Units b Press the DOWN ARROW and the time per unit Gallons options are displayed Select the desired option Figure 4 5 L Figure 4 5 K 8 Install the transducers on the pipe using the spacing Flow Units Per provided by the flowmeter and connect the transducer cables to the flowmeter Sec Min Hour 9 Access a Primary Display 00 through 04 to FIGURE 4 5 L complete the configuration process If the flowmeter and transducers are properly installed and a steady flow is present the flow and signal strength readings should be relatively stable Ifany of the above setup parameters are changed the flowmeter stops measuring flow until the new value is entered and a Primary Display is acce
16. mounted downstream and upstream transducer Figure 1 2 A below Based on the transit time of the 2 sound waves the flowmeter calculates the average fluid velocity UPSTREAM TRANSDUCER FLOW gt DOWNSTREAM TRANSDUCER Figure 1 2 A TYPICAL TRANSIT TIME SYSTEM Once the differential transit time is calculated several additional variables must be taken into consider ation The overall velocity of the fluid is actually made up of many individual local velocities that vary according to their distance from the pipe wall The velocities in the center of the pipe are higher than the velocities near the pipe wall The combination of these individual velocities for a specific type of fluid within a specific pipe yield a velocity distribution known as the flow profile Figure 1 2 B page 2 which is a function of the Reynolds number By properly configuring the flowmeter the effects of the flow profile are taken into consideration when calculating the mean fluid velocity The flowmeter then multiplies this velocity by the pipe s cross sectional area to obtain volumetric flow LAMINAR FLOW PLUG FLOVV PROF LE PROFILE I I gt lala TURBULENT FLOVV PROFILE Figure 1 2 B FLow PROF LES 1 3 Transit Time Accuracy Noninvasive ultrasonic measurements are subject to a variety of effects that can influence measurement accuracy All ultrasonic instruments are velocity measuring devices and only infer volumetric flow from the operato
17. relay actuates when the positive totalizer value is less than the ON condition value NEG TOT gt relay actuates when the negative totalizer value is greater than the ON condition value NEG TOT relay actuates when the negative totalizer value is less than the ON condition value NET TOTAL PULSE relay cycles once each time the net totalizer increments POS TOTAL PULSE relay cycles once each time the positive totalizer increments NEG TOTAL PULSE relay cycles once each time the negative totalizer increments 30 5 1 Programming the Relay continued Step 3 continued NOTE The output for the PULSE selections is limited to 1 cycle per second The pulse duration relay ON time is approximately 500 milliseconds If the totalizer increments more than once per second the flowmeter tracks how far behind the relay pulses are The flowmeter then catches up when a flow condition occurs where the totalizer increments at a rate of less than once per second To prevent the relay pulse output from falling behind the totalizer multiplier Menu 37 should be selected so that at the maximum anticipated flow rate the totalizer increments once per second or less For example if the totalizer unit is gallons and the maximum anticipated flow is 600 gallons per minute 10 gallons per second a multiplier of 10 should be selected NOTE The net totalizer can either increment or decrement depending upon the direction of the flow Since
18. to adjust the contrast on the display as ambient temperature changes 1 Press MENU followed by the plus minus key 2 LCD CONTRAST appears on the display with a bar indicating current contrast setting 3 Press LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to adjust the contrast 4 Press ENTER when complete 4 2 Direct Menu Access The unique 2 digit address reference Table 2 page 12 for each setup and diagnostic menu allows the user to directly access the desired menu 1 Press MENU and the letter M appears in the lower right corner of the display 2 Enterthe desired menu s 2 digit address The address must be entered while the Mis displayed within approximately 4 seconds If the M is no longer displayed press MENU again followed by the 2 digit address Menu Type Primary Transducer Display Flow Net Totalizer Flovv Velocity Flovv Positive Totalizer Table 2 Menu Addresses Menu Menu Type Totalizer Flow Negative Totalizer Signal Strength Low Signal Cutoff Pipe OD Pipe VVall Thickness Pipe ID Pipe Material Pipe Sound Speed Pipe Inside Roughness Liner Material Liner Thickness Liner Sound Speed Options Calibration Liner Inside Roughness Fluid Type Fluid Sound Speed Fluid Viscosity Transducer Type Transducer Mounting Transducer Spacing Flow Units Max Flow Range Min Flow Range Damping Low Flow Cutoff Low Signal Cutoff Current Loop Datalog Diagnostics Display Totalizer Units Tot
19. to loop powered WARNING mode to prevent ground loops To connect the power remove the sheetmetal access cover Locate the individual power input terminals they are marked directly on the main board or on a sticker attached to the main board Connect the power 120 Vac operation 1 Connect the hot wire to the L1 terminal 2 Connect the neutral wire to the L2 N terminal 3 Connect the ground wire to the GND terminal Single Phase 240 Vac operation 1 Connect the live wire to the L1 terminal 2 Connect the neutral wire to the L2 N terminal 3 Connect the ground wire to the GND terminal Double Phase 240 Vac operation 1 Connect 1 hot wire to the L1 terminal 2 Connect the other hot wire to the L2 N terminal 3 Connect the ground wire to the GND terminal e 12to 24 Vdc operation 1 Connect the positive wire to the L1 terminal 2 Connectthe negative wire to the L2 N terminal 3 ADDITIONAL WIRING NSTRUCTIONS 3 1 Current Loop Terminals The 4 20 mA current loop module has an input terminal and an output terminal which are indicated on a label on the inside of the flovvmeter door The current loop output is rated for a loop resistance of up to 1 k ohms and is isolated for up to 5 kV when loop powered The 4 20 mA module is shipped with the current loop self powered Switch the module to loop power by moving a jumper on the module Current loop modules which are loop powered must be
20. transferred using the D Link flowmeter data link utility Appendix D page 75 Data Log Setup menu 80 The only option available in this menu is Interval Figure 4 16 A Select this to access menu 81 Log Menu mInterval Data Log Interval menu 81 Datalog intervals must be entered in whole seconds with a minimum interval of 1 second Figure 4 16 B Log Interval Ficure 4 16 B Figure 4 16 A 28 4 16 Additional Setup Menus Within the DATA LOG Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration The datalogger automatically deletes data whenever the log interval data time flow units pipe dimensions or liner dimensions are changed Any power interruptions cause zeroes to be written in the datalog stream This feature is useful to deter mine if an interruption in the time sequence has occurred or if the instrument has been moved or tampered with while logging data 4 17 Additional Setup Menus Within DIAGNOSTICS Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration The DIAGNOSTICS submenu contains various view only menus which display important diagnostic parameters that are currently used or calculated by the flowmeter These parameters are helpful when configuring or troubleshooting the flowmeter Signal Strength Margin display 90 Displays the signal strength in percentage and the margin The Sigstr signal strength value displayed is the average of the Margin s
21. 1000 91222 138v1 VS HJONOSNYEL H 9 4 3 54 049 Z Ald SSV10 079 3 8 v 54 049 Z AIG I SSVII Vo VIUV SNOCHYZYVH Figure 9 1 B NORTH AMERICAN NONINCENDIVE Div 2 HAZARDOUS AREA INSTALLATION REFER TO DRAWING 22493 0001 51 9 2 European Certification The transducers are certified IS by LCIE for EEx ia IIB T6 when IS barriers are installed The table below lists the European hazardous area installation requirements Table 5 European Hazardous Area Installation Requirements Item Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Unclassified Instrument N A EExd enclosure EExd enclosure IP65 enclosure Transducers EEx ia EEX ia EEX ia Barriers not required barriers required barriers required barriers required Installation drawing Figure 9 2 Figure 9 2 Figure 9 2 N A Instrument should be installed in accordance with required codes including use of explosion proof seals for the wiring connections to the enclosure The flowmeter must be installed and wired in accordance with the specified installation drawing 52 JSJIUWISUE1 JO uoneoo esse snopiezey Buuinba suoneoydde JO ssaj JO SPA OZ wou palemod aq snw pieoq Aejal qeuondo y 10 pod zezsH 10 Pod yu oz v au 0 pejoeuuoo jueuudinb4 jenoJdde 543 13N32 J0ud InoullA sodueyo ON Hulmeup 0o1u09 23 13N32 O414N492 YIM eouepJoo99e Ul eq PINOYS uohellelsul A Oz Uey aow ejeJeueb JO aen JOU
22. 5 The instrument is also available in an optional factory installed NEMA 7 explosion proof enclosure If transducers are approved for use in hazardous areas a log of the certifying agency is affixed to the transducers 9 1 North American Certification The transducers are certified by CSA as follows e intrinsically safe IS transducer for Classes I and II Div I Groups C D E F and G IS barriers required nonincendive for the following areas IS barriers not required Class I Div 2 Groups A B C and D Class Il Div 2 Groups E F and G The table below lists CSA s hazardous area installation requirements for North America Table 4 North American Hazardous Area Installation Requirements Item Division 1 Division 2 Unclassified Instrument NEMA 7 enclosure NEMA 4X enclosure NEMA 4X enclosure Transducers IS barriers required Nonincendive barriers not required Barriers not required Installation drawing Figure 9 1 A Figure 9 1 B N A Instrument should be installed in accordance with National Electrical Code NEC Article 500 including use of explosion proof seals for the wiring connections to the enclosure The flowmeter must be installed and wired in accordance with the specified installation drawing area is known to be nonhazardous In addition do not replace the fuse or output module unless power has been switched off or the area is known to be WARNING nonhazardous To minimize the pos
23. CESS ioi eene EE 11 4 3 Using the Arrow Keys to Access Menus eene enne nnn nennen 13 4 4 Flowmeter Configuration Using Setup Menus nennen nnns 13 4 5 Quick Setup Configuration u aa awa ahua ete 14 4 6 Pnmary Displays u eme te EE a Aiea ane ieee ae eel EE IUIS 16 4 6 Flow Net Totalizer 00 nieis iriiria aa aate a i a i 16 4 6 2 Flow Velocity Di dt 16 4 6 3 Flow Positive Totalizer 072 17 4 6 4 Flow Negative Totalizer 072 17 4 6 5 Signal Strength Low Signal Cutoff 04 17 4 7 Additional Setup Menus Within the PIPE Submenu aereas 17 4 8 Additional Setup Menus Within the LINER Submenu eres 18 4 9 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLUID Submenu nano n cn conc aaa canon nana 18 4 10 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLOW Submenu rrenan 19 4 11 Additional Setup Menus Within the TOTAL Submenu 20 4 12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu ras 21 4 13 Additional Setup Menus Within the CALIBRATION Submenu sse 23 4 13 1 Zero Set Calibration iiti et e nite ape t dL Dei ted ale bed de Dea wate eee 24 4 13 1 a Zero Flow Set Method ii 24 4 13 1 biManilal Zero Sets cen gagne i 25 4 13 2 Scale Factor Calibration i 25 4 13 3 Other CALIBR Submenu Options n 26 4 14 Additional Setup Menus Within the 4 20mA SUbMENU sse 27 4 15 Additional Setup M
24. S COUPLING COMPOUND Figure 6 5 E APPLYING FOAM TAPE STRIPS STEP 4 42 7 EMERGENCY VERRIDES amp MASTER ERASE Since these 2 procedures allovv critical data to be accessed and changed this page may be re moved from the instruction manual to prevent unauthorized use of these features 7 1 Emergency Overrides n the event that a user entered password is forgotten the following emergency override passwords may be used 42 for the system password and 43 for the scale factor password These override passwords may not be changed or disabled 7 2 Performing a Master Erase This function erases all user entered data AND data in the datalogger Note all configuration settings and download the datalog file if a record is desired prior to performing a Master Erase 1 Turn the flowmeter off and back on again Master Erase Are you sure 5 Yes 2 When the message INITIALIZING is displayed F ZA press ERASE within 3 seconds 7 Master Erase Are you Really sure Yes 3 The Master Erase screen is displayed Figure 7 A To continue with the Master Erase press the 5 key Eee 7 B within 3 seconds and Figure 7 B is displayed Master Erase 4 Press the decimal key within 3 seconds to Completed continue Figure 7 C 5 Ifthe Master Erase function is completed Figure 7 Master Erase C is displayed If the function is not completed Figure 7 D is displayed Aborted Figure 7 D 6 Enter all configura
25. Thermo ELECTRON CORPORATION DCT6088 DEDICATED DIGITAL CORRELATION TRANSIT TIME ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER User MANUAL Formerly P N 1 0561 006 Thermo Polysonics Rev B 02 03 Thermo ELECTRON CORPORATION User MANUAL DCT6088 DEDICATED TRANSIT TIME ULTRASONIC FLOV METER FIRMVVARE VERSIONS 6 00 ONVVARD FEBRUARY 2003 Rev B NOTICE Read this manual before working with the product For personal and system safety and for optimum performance make sure you thoroughly understand the contents before installing using or maintaining your transit time instrument For equipment service needs outside the United States contact your nearest Thermo represen tative Within the United States the Thermo Service Department is your single point contact for all Thermo equipment service needs If at any time you are not sure what to do you have a question about using the product or you have a service or support request call the center at 713 272 0404 This contact is your fastest link to quick and complete answers about any Thermo product or service Thermo Electron Corporation Flow Systems 9303 W Sam Houston Pkwy S Houston TX 77099 Phone 713 272 0404 Fax 713 272 5388 Web www thermo com Acknowledgements for product names used in this manual belong to the following companies Dow Corning is a registered trademark of Dow Corning Corporation Excel for Windows is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsof
26. aker must be located near the equipment if the Fuses per EN 61010 1 user replaceable fuse for AC powered versions 500 mA 250 V quick Sections 5 1 4 and 5 4 5 acting 5 x 20 mm user replaceable fuse for DC powered versions 1 A 250 V quick acting 5 x 20 mm non user replaceable fuse for all versions 5 A 250 V quick acting Output isolation 5 kVac surge isolation when powered from an external source not to be connected to continuous voltages in excess of 50 Vac with respect to ground earth 55 APPENDIX A Pipe SCHEDULES This appendix provides pipe schedules as a convenient reference for the following pipe materials steel stainless steel and PVC Table A 1 cast iron Table A 2 ductile iron Table A 3 The inside diameters IDs listed in the following tables are calculated from the outside diameter OD and minimum wall thicknesses as specified in applicable standards The actual pipe ID may vary from the dimension listed in the tables by as much as 2596 of the pipe minimum wall thickness The accuracy of flow rate measurement is enhanced if the pipe ID is actually measured 56 IEM PIS 021 p uos 001 08 POYIS EM 1967 01 payos saydu ul qO 49 9WeIG SPISINO pue qi s urelq Pisu s lnp vu plepuejs PUL 18315 ssajule s 13915 I V lqeL S Done qo 1 episino ezis EUIWUON 57 g
27. alizer Multiplier Net Totalizer Positive Totalizer Negative Totalizer Totalizer Reset Measurement Units Site Parameters RS232 Configuration Change System Password Change Scale Factor Password Unit ID Zero Set Scale Factor Sound Speed Compensation Date and Time Current Loop Span Current Loop Calibration Current Loop Test Program Relays View Relays Test Relays Datalog Interval Signal Strength Margin Delta Time Fluid Sound Speed Reynolds Profile Factor Current Loop Output Software Firmware Rev Level 4 3 Using the Arrow Keys to Access Menus Another method of accessing the flowmeter s menus is to use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to scroll through the menu structure Menus are organized into 3 basic levels 1 main menu 2 submenus and 3 primary displays setup menus diagnostic menus The Main menu displays various submenus which contain individual setup and diagnostic menus To access the Main menu from any screen 1 Press MENU twice The Main menu is displayed with Main Menu the Pipe and Liner submenu options as shown in Figure 4 3 A mPipe Liner Figure 4 3 A 2 To view the remaining submenus Figure 4 3 B mPipe sLiner press the DOWN ARROW key sFluid mXducer SE low mTotal Options sCalibr 4 20mA mRelays mDataLog mDiagn Figure 4 3 B 3 When the desired submenu is highlighted press Flow Units ENTER to display the first menu of the selected submenu Figure 4 3 C is an e
28. ble for labor charges or other losses or damages of any kind or description including but not limited to incidental special or consequential damages caused by defective products This warranty shall be void if recommendations provided by Thermo or its Sales Representa tives are not followed concerning methods of operation usage and storage or exposure to corrosive conditions Materials and or products furnished to Thermo by other suppliers shall carry no warranty except such suppliers warranties as to materials and workmanship Thermo disclaims all warranties expressed or implied with respect to such products EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE AGREED TO IN WRITING BY Thermo THE WARRANTIES GIVEN ABOVE ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND Thermo HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE 48 9 HAZARDOUS AREA NSTALLATION This chapter covers requirements for installing the DCT6088 in hazardous area applications Hazardous area certification for North America is provided by the Canadian Standards Association CSA Certifica tion for Europe is provided by Laboratoire Central des Industries Electrique LCIE The area classification determines the type of enclosure to be used and whether barriers are required If barriers are required they are installed by the factory to meet the appropriate agency certification The standard enclosure for the DCT6088 is a NEMA 4X IP6
29. d WW Methods For applications with pipe diameters smaller than 2 inches 50 millimeters the WV and WW methods are options to achieve higher accuracy and stability when reasonable signal strength can be obtained 10 or higher 6 5 Small Pipe Applications In this section small pipe applications refer to the following pipe sizes e S stainless steel or brass 1 0 to 3 5 in 25 4 to 88 9 mm PVC carbon steel or other 1 0 to 2 5 in 25 4 to 63 5 mm If signal strength is greater than 1096 we recommend the W mounting method for pipe sizes 3 5 in 63 5 mm or smaller and the WW mounting method for pipe sizes 2 0 in 50 8 mm or smaller The pipe curve effect on small pipe applications can cause multipath signals and measurement uncertainty Removing extra compound along the transducer sides can eliminate the side wave paths as seen in Figure 6 5 A below Follow these steps to eliminate these side wave paths 1 Apply coupling compound as usual on to the coupling surfaces and clamp the transducers onto the pipe 2 Use a pen sized standard screwdriver to remove the extra grease between the transducers and the pipe Figure 6 5 A below EXTRA GREASE A EXTRA GREASE REMOVED TILTED BEAMS MAIN BEAM TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER PIPE Figure 6 5 A 41 For high temperature or outdoor small pipe applications use the foam tape strips shipped with the flowmeter to block the side wave paths Other tape materials gene
30. ding the transducers in place tighten the clamps sufficiently to prevent the transducers from slipping and to allow proper flowmeter operation a PROPER INSTALLATION INCORRECT INSTALLATION Figure 6 3 B 7 Connect the transducer cables to the flowmeter transducer cables connect to the to the terminal block labeled as TRANSDUCERS Figure 2 2 page 7 a Connect center wire of downstream transducer cable to the XMT DN terminal b Connect braided shield wire of downstream transducer cable to the XMT GND terminal Connect center wire of upstream transducer cable to the RCV UP terminal d Connect braided shield wire of upstream transducer cable to the RCV GND terminal The upstream transducer cable has red banded ends and the downstream transducer cable has blue banded ends Figure 6 3 A page 35 Refer to Section 9 page 49 for information on connecting the transducer cables in hazardous area applications 8 If maximum accuracy at low flow rates is important calibrate the flowmeter according to Section 4 13 page 30 The flowmeter is now capable of accurately measuring velocity and flow 6 4 Transducer Mounting Methods There are several methods of mounting the transducers The best method is determined by the specific application Complete steps 1 5 in Section 6 3 page 35 and refer to the following sections for instructions on how to properly mount the transducers with one of the available mounting metho
31. ds 36 6 4 4 V Method The V method Figure 6 4 A below is considered the standard method for pipes with 4 to 16 in 101 6 to 406 4 mm diameters This method typically yields a more accurate reading than the Z method since it utilizes a longer measurement path Ensure V is the selected mounting method DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER OLE He LU E S FLOW SIDE VIEW ti TRANSDUCER li SPACING DOVVNSTREAM ULTRASONIC SIGNALS UPSTREAM TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER TOP VIEW END VIEW Figure 6 4 A V Mount 6 4 2 W Method In many instances flowmeter performance on small metallic pipes with outer diameters of 4 inches 100 millimeters or less can be improved by using the W mounting method Figure 6 4 B below With the W method the sound wave traverses the fluid 4 times and bounces off the pipe walls 3 times Like the V method both transducers are mounted on the same side of the pipe Ensure W is the selected mounting method UPSTREAM TRANSDUCER DOWNSTREAM ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER SIGNALS FLOW SIDE VIEW Transoucer SPACING TOP VIEW END VIEW Figure 6 4 B W Mount 37 6 4 3 Z Method The signal transmitted in a Z method installation has less attenuation than a signal transmitted with the V method This is because the Z method utilizes a directly transmitted rather than reflected signal which transverses the liquid only once The Z method Figure 6 4 C below is used primari
32. e glycol monomethyl 1339 4392 77 Formic acid 1299 4261 1 04 Ethyl iodide Ethylene bromide 20 65 fe emo ce n es al oaf m 2 39 4 28 2 11 4 28 21 1 70 2 69 5 84 37 8 100 2 06 3 97 21 1 70 7 4 26 4 37 8 100 4 91 13 7 21 1 70 26 4 37 8 100 13 6 67 1 122 97 4 660 2 160 5775 172 Gas oils 21 1 70 13 9 37 8 100 7 4 Gasolines 15 6 60 0 88 37 8 100 0 71 foro Pres care mt pesca Glycerine 50 Water Glucose 37 8 100 7 7M 22M HN 150 77 2420 a 1252 2121 4107 dol gt elml ms 0 se n Heptane 17 8 224 1150 37 8 n Hexane We 7 o m ndustrial lubricants Turbine oils 15 6 60 647 93 3 200 14 5 15 6 60 367 93 3 200 11 15 6 60 259 93 3 200 8 15 6 60 151 93 3 200 73 15 6 60 93 3 200 37 8 100 23 34 54 4 130 13 18 37 8 100 34 72 54 4 130 18 25 37 8 100 72 83 54 4 130 25 39 37 8 100 75 119 54 4 130 39 55 67 Tre ome ET Ss Machine lubricants cont Cutting oils 37 8 100 30 40 54 4 130 17 23 37 8 100 40 46 m 4 130 nm 26 indium 2215 5001 7265 7265 Ink printers 37 8 100 550 2200 54 4 130 238 660 Insulating oil 21 1 70 24 1 max 37 8 100 11 75 max Kerosene 20 68 2 71 m 131 5 77 ZEE Lard 37 8 100 62 1 54 4 130 34 3 Lard oil 37 8 100 41 47 5 EE 4 m 4 27 1 Linseed oil 37 8 100 30 5 54 4 130 18 94 Menhadden oil 37 8 100 29 8 m 4 ECT MES 2 Mercur
33. e pipe material this menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as a view only display to indicate the pipe inside roughness as programmed in the flowmeter s database Figure 4 7 C 4 8 Additional Setup Menus Within the LINER Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Liner Sound Speed setup menu 18 This menu can only be configured if OTHER was selected as the liner material in Menu 16 Enter the liner sound speed If OTHER was NOT selected as the liner 6233 60 FPS material this menu is available by the direct access Figure 4 8 A method only and functions as a vievv only display to indicate the liner s sound speed as programmed in the flowmeter s database Figure 4 8 A Liner Sound Speed Liner Inside Roughness setup menu 18 This F menu can only be configured if OTHER was selected Liner Roughness as the liner material in Menu 16 Enter the liner inside roughness If OTHER was NOT selected as the liner material this menu is available by the direct access FiGunE 4 8 B method only and functions as a view only display to indicate the inside roughness of the liner as programmed in the flowmeter s database Figure 4 8 B 4 9 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLUID Submenu 0 000005 Ft Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Fluid Sound Speed setup menu 21 This menu can z only be configured if OTHER was selected as the fluid Fluid Sound Speed type in Me
34. e the scale factor Old Scale Passwrd FIGURE 4 12 l To change or disable the scale factor password a Access Menu 48 Figure 4 12 1 FIGURE 4 12 J b Enter the new scale factor password and press ENTER Figure 4 12 J NOTE The system password function must be Accepted disabled to allow the scale factor to be changed Figure 4 12 K vvithout entering a passvvord c Enter the old scale factor passvvord and press Scale Passvord ENTER If entered correctly Figure 4 12 K is displayed If entered incorrectly Figure 4 12 L is ae Rejected war displayed Figure 4 12 L d Access Menu 00 Scale Password Unit ID identification Number setup menu 49 This number is determined by the operator to identify Unit ID the specific instrument or site Any whole number 0 between 1 and 60 000 may be entered Figure 4 12 M Figure 4 12 M 4 13 Additional Setup Menus Within the CALIBR Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Within the CALIBR submenu is the Calibration Group menu 50 Figure 4 13 A which contains 4 setup menus Zero Set Scale SS Comp Date Menus 51 through 54 Calibration azero Set mScale Figure 4 13 A 23 4 13 1 Zero Set Calibration An important step in assuring accurate flow measurement is the proper calibration of the instrument and the installation The calibration methods must be performed for the particular pipe that is to be metered Table 3 below pro
35. enus Within the RELAYS Submenu seems 28 4 16 Additional Setup Menus Within the DATA LOG Submenu rara 28 4 17 Additional Setup Menus Within DIAGNOSTICS Submenu sse 29 5 The RELAYS Submenu tice ita 30 bid Programming the Relay i eet relie e ice t e bx o bee ced perdete xen der te secta HE Res 30 EE ne NEE 32 To Testing BEE 32 6 Wiring amp Installing the Transducers sssevennnnnnnnvvvnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnenn 33 Gab le EE 000000 Ep aa Ss aa TENDA 33 6 2 Site Selection amp Preparation ss nu eee eee a su ayaqa a ha au nan reser 33 6 3 Spacing amp Mounting the Transducers erica eee raya rra 35 6 4 Transducer Mounting Methods ii 36 6 4 TF e RE 37 6 4 2 VV Method sa stu EE 37 6 4 3 Z Meth 5 tse vm tad oo i lA il UA en a 38 6 4 4 WV and WW Methods EN 41 6 5 Small Pipe Applications nennen aaa aaa nnns inn tee eter sinn nnns n nnns 41 7 Emergency Overrides 8 Master Erase U rin 43 TA Emergency Overrides iui ertet b halid rdiet Ruben 43 7 2 Performing a Master Erase iii 43 8 Flowmeter Maintenance amp Troubleshooting J J T J J 44 8 1 Replacing Me FUSO u L m u ual balim n m bed quiete ced a Re tid u saa 44 8 2 Replacing the Current Loop Module
36. ignal strengths for the upstream and downstream transducers Margin is an indicator of signal quality Figure 4 17 A and is generally greater than 5096 Signal strength is z generally greater than 3 under good measurement DeltaT 0 00 ns conditions Figure 4 17 A SSpeed 4863 33 FPS Delta Time Fluid Sound Speed display 91 Figure 4 17 B Displays the value for DeltaT and the fluid sound speed as measured by the flowmeter DeltaT is the Reynolds 0 difference between the upstream and downstream travel times expressed in nanoseconds ns Figure 4 17 B Factor 0 750000 Figure 4 17 C Reynolds Number Profile Factor display 92 Displays the Reynolds number and flow profile factor Current Loop currently being used by the flowmeter The flow profile e factor is calculated by the flovvmeter and used to 4 20mA 4 00 mA determine the effect of the flovv profile on mean Figure 4 17 D measured fluid velocity Figure 4 17 C Current Loop Output display 93 Displays values Soft Vers of the current in mA that the flowmeter is presently providing to the current loop output Figure 4 17 D FPGA Vers Software Firmware Revision Level display x 94 Displays the software SOFT VERS and firmware FPGA VERS versions installed in the flowmeter Figure 4 17 E 29 5 THE RELAYS SUBMENU The RELAYS submenu Figure 5 contains the setup menus for programming vievving and testing the Relays
37. ion prior to use If calibration and testing should become necessary complete the follovving steps 1 Connect a milliammeter to the input IN and output OUT terminals of the current loop module 4 m Calibrate 2 Access Menu 58 Figure 4 14 B x s 3 Press the RIGHT or LEFT ARROWS to adjust the Figure 4 14 B 4 mA set point until the value reads exactly 4 00 mA on the milliammeter Every 2 presses of the arrovv key 20 m Calibrate adjusts the calibration approximately 01 mA 4 Press ENTER lt gt Figure 4 14 C 5 Access Menu 58 again 6 Press the DOWN ARROW to scroll to the 20 mA Current Loop Test Calibrate screen Figure 4 14 C 4 mA Figure 4 14 D 7 Repeat step 3 for entering the 20 mA set point 8 Access Menu 00 9 Testthe current loop calibration by accessing Menu 59 Figure 4 14 D 10 Change the current loop output in 1 mA increments using the RIGHT or LEFT ARROWS The output indicated on the screen should be the same as the output on the milliammeter If the values do not match repeat steps 2 through 10 27 4 14 Additional Setup Menus Within the 4 20mA Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration 11 Set the current loop span by accessing Menu 57 Figure 4 14 E The current loop span is the span of Span 4 mA flow versus current 0 00 GPM 12 Enter a flow rate which equals the 4 mA minimum anticipated reading and press ENTER
38. ired for either NO or NC circuits Figure 3 2 B below shows that relay 1 is wired for a NC circuit 2 NC SESI TB1 7 Z Z TB2 cod O Ono 1 i O NIN O J l ELAY 3 RELAY 4 NO C ANO NC C NO RELAY COIL N NO NC C NO CONTROLLED ELAY 1 RELAY 2 BY FLOVVMETER Figures 3 2 A RELAY SCHEMATIC LEFT amp 3 2 B RIGHT Nor The auxiliary terminal block is designed for future feature development 3 3 Communications Terminal Block The communications terminal block is designed for future feature development 4 CONFIGURING amp OPERATING THE FLOVVMETER 4 1 The Keypad 8 Display The keypad provides access to the microprocessor for flovvmeter configuration During operation the Instrument e 40 character LCD indicates flow rate and totalizer values The display is also backlit for ease of viewing in low light conditions and has a variable contrast setting 4 1 1 Components Components Description 1 LCD 2 Numeric keys through 9 and decimal a 3 Arrow keys for scrolling up down left right gt 4 ENTER key operates like the Return Enter key on a computer 5 ERASE key deletes last value entered in most setup anddiagnostic menus accesses Main Menu accesses Menu 00 flow rate and net totalizer display if pressed twice 3 6 6 MENU key provides access to setup and diagnostic menus Figure 4 KEYPAD amp DisPLAY FEATURES 4 1 2 Adjusting the Contrast You may need
39. is menu to set the date and time in the flowmeter s internal clock The time is expressed in military time 24 hour 4 30 99 14 07 17 format and the date is in the month day year format Figure 4 13 H If you are NOT using UltraScan set Figure 4 13 H the time and date as follovvs Date and Time a Perform a Master Erase on the flovvmeter according to Section 7 2 page 43 b Reconfigure the flowmeter and access Menu 54 NOTE Performing a Master Erase and reconfiguring the flovvmeter prior to changing date or time prevents possible data corruption c Press ENTER and prompis are displayed Date and Time requesting entries for month day year and hour Month 12 minute second Figure 4 13 1 Press ENTER after EACH entry Figure 4 13 1 26 4 13 3 Other CALIBR Submenu Options continued Date and Time setup menu 54 continued d To keep the current values displayed in any screen scroll to the next screen with the DOWN ARROW instead of pressing ENTER e Once all parameters are entered the new programmed date and time is displayed 4 14 Additional Setup Menus Within the 4 20mA Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Within the 4 20mA submenu is the Current Loop Grou Current Loop menu 56 which contains 3 setup menus Span Cal Test menus 57 through 59 Figure 4 14 A mSpan mCal Test Figure 4 14 A The 4 20 mA current loop is factory calibrated and should not require field calibrat
40. itter A0 to 41402 F 407 to 60 C O to 100 relative humidity NEMA 4X IP65 flame retardant fiberglass reinforced polyester standard NEMA 7 optional encapsulated design vvith standard 30 ft 9 m cable length suitable for submersible underground service approximately 12 lbs 5 4 kg without options 1 6 External Features Thermo ELECTRON CORPORATION 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Components Description Liquid crystal display LCD displays configuration selections flow rate totalized flow etc Keypad for selecting display Screens and configuring instrument Power on indicator Sheetmetal access cover provides access to wiring terminals and other components Fuse access hole DB25 connector for RS232 communications Input voltage selection switch for selecting 120 or 240 Vac operation Fuse Location of optional relays 1 standard 4 20 mA current loop module COM terminal block AC input terminal block for connecting to power inputs Relay terminal blocks for connecting to relay outputs MUX interface connector AUX terminal block Transducer terminal block 2 INSTALLING THE SYSTEM i Observe the follovving precautions for the installation procedures outlined in this chapter WARNING Power connections MUST be made in accordance
41. lay 4 5 Quick Setup Configuration The Quick Setup procedure contains the minimal steps required for flowmeter configuration These steps enable the flowmeter to calculate transducer spacing acquire ultrasonic signal and measure flow The number in parentheses after the required menu is the 2 digit address to directly access that menu 1 Selecta proper transducer site according to Section 6 page 32 2 Access the Pipe submenu This submenu contains setup menus related to the pipe parameters such as pipe inside diameter ID and pipe outside diameter OD Pipe Wall Thickness is an additional setup menu within the Pipe submenu If parameters for any 2 of the following 3 setup menus are entered the flowmeter calculates the remaining parameter automatically Pipe OD 10 Pipe Wall Thickness 11 Pipe ID 12 Accuracy is directly affected by the square of an error in pipe dimensions actual measurements not nominal must be entered a Selectthe PIPE OD menu 10 Figure 4 5 A is displayed Enter the value for the pipe OD and press ENTER Press the DOWN ARROW and 4 017 inches select Actual PIPE O D NOTE If you know the pipe circumference but not the 5 OD enter the circumference value instead and press ENTER Press the DOWN ARROW and Figure 4 5 B Select Option is displayed Select Circum The flowmeter calculates the pipe OD automatically mActual mCircum Figure 4 5 B 4 5 Quick Setup Configurati
42. lay should audibly click as it opens or closes and the LED should light up when the relay is on 3 Repeat steps 1 through 2 for each relay you want to test 4 Once you have completed testing the desired relays exit the relay test function by pressing ERASE or by directly accessing another menu 32 6 WiniNG amp NSTALLING THE TRANSDUCERS 6 1 Wiring The transducer terminals and cables are arranged in pairs and are labeled DN STREAM and UP STREAM The downstream transducer cable has blue banded ends the upstream transducer has red banded ends GROUND FiGURE 6 1 SIGNAL Y Locate the symbol seen in Figure 6 1 This symbol is on both YI pairs of terminals and indicate which terminals should connect to the center wire conductors and which should connect to the coaxial shields 6 2 Site Selection amp Preparation Prior to installing the transducers a proper site must be selected to ensure accurate measurement Examples of site recommendations are illustrated in Figures 6 2 A below and 6 2 B page 34 GOOD NEVER FIGURE 6 2 A 33 STORAGE TANK OPEN TOP IF PIPE IS FULL GRADE 5DIA FLOW 10 DIA Figure 6 2 B Use the following guidelines when selecting the transducer site Choose a section of pipe which is always full of liquid such as a vertical pipe with up flow or a full horizontal pipe The site should have a straight run equivalent to at least 10 pipe diameters upstream and 5 pi
43. ly in applications where the V method cannot work due to signal attenuation from excessive air or solids in the liquid thick scale poorly bonded linings or very large pipes In addition the Z method generally works better on larger diameter pipes where less pipe length is required for mounting Ensure Z is the selected mounting method ULTRASONIC SIGNALS FLOW SIDE VIEW TRANSDUCER SPACING EN TOP VIEW END VIEW Figure 6 4 C Z Mount 1 Establish a reference at both the 3 o clock and 9 o clock positions on the pipe Figure 6 4 D TOP 9 O CLOCK r j H 3 O CLOCK REFERENCE REFERENCE POINT POINT BOTTOM FIGURE 6 4 D Z MOUNT STEP 1 2 Place a transducer at the 3 o clock position HORIZONTAL LINE TRANSDUCER 3 Trace the shape of the 3 o clock transducer along its inside edge opposite the cable connection 3 OCLOCK Draw a horizontal line at its center Remove the POSITION transducer TRANSDUCER Figure 6 4 E SHAPE TRACING Figure 6 4 E Z MOUNT STEPS 2 3 38 Obtain a continuous sheet of paper longer than the circumference of the pipe Calculator paper STRAIGHT EDGE tape or thermal printer paper works well for this 7 75 Fold one end of the paper across the pipe s vvidth to produce a clean straight edge Line the fold of the paper up vvith the horizontal centerline of the 3 o clock transducer GAUGE PAPER Figure 6 4 F Z Mount STEPS 4 6 Figure 6 4 F Wrap
44. menu to enable or disable the negative totalizer The Totalizer negative totalizer tracks the flow that moves in the kO n negative direction from downstream transducer to upstream transducer It is NOT affected by flow in the FiGURE 4 11 E opposite direction Figure 4 11 E Totalizer Reset setup menu 41 Use this menu to reset one or all of the totalizers Figure 4 11 F Totalizer Reset mAll mNet mpos mNeg FIGURE 4 11 F 4 12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration The OPTIONS submenu contains setup menus for several miscellaneous functions Measurement Units setup menu 42 Use this menu to select ENGLISH feet per second FPS or Units METRIC meters per second MPS measurement units Figure 4 12 A English Metric Site Parameters setup menu 43 This menu saves FIGURE 4 12 A the parameters for the pipe liner fluid transducer z and flow setup menus allowing them to be recalled Site later for a specific measurement site Several sites are available and are numbered The site number is displayed in Menu 43 in the lower left corner of the screen and is followed by a colon See Figure 4 12 B for an example of a site numbered 1 1 5 in CARBON ST Ficure 4 12 B As the setup parameters are entered in their respective menus during normal configuration the same parameters are saved simultaneously in the Site Parameters setup menu i
45. n continued Observe the following precautions when setting the scale factor Always determine the scale factor at the highest possible flow rate achievable in order to maximize accuracy of the scale factor Use only the factory preset scale factor as marked on the transducers in the following situations the flow cannot be stopped to verify or set the zero point a reasonably high flow rate cannot be achieved an accurate secondary flow standard is not available If an additional scale factor is required the additional scale factor should be multiplied by the factory scale factor and the result should be entered To enter a new scale factor 1 Access Menu 52 Figure 4 13 E Scale Factor 2 Enter the new scale factor and press ENTER Figure 4 13 F is displayed 0 9850 3 Enter the valid password and press ENTER Figure 4 13 E The nevv scale factor is displayed in Menu 52 To Scale Fac Password maximize security enter a new scale factor password immediately Figure 4 13 F 4 13 3 Other CALIBR Submenu Options Sound Speed Compensation setup menu 53 Sound Speed Comp Enable or disable the flowmeter s sound speed Enabled Disabled compensation Temperature variations in the fluid and other factors may cause variations in the fluid s sound Figure 4 13 G speed Typically the flowmeter can determine sound speed more accurately when this feature is enabled Figure 4 13 G Date and Time setup menu 54 Use th
46. n the center of each transducer face Remount the transducers verifying that the compound is squeezing out from underneath all sides of the transducers and forming a bead along the edges 45 8 8 Replacing Sonic Coupling Compound continued We recommend the following sonic coupling compounds Sil Glyde American Grease Stick Company made from a silicon base and suited for most transducer installations rated for pip skin temperatures from 40 to 42122 F 40 to 4 100 C Dow Corning 111 or similar high temperature couplant can be used for applications with pipe skin temperatures up to 300 F 150 C General Electric RTV 108 or similar silicon RTV should be used for underground or submerged transducer sites or sites where a more permanent bond is required RTV should be completely cured prior to covering up the transducer site or taking readings Krautkramer Hitempco Thermo P N 22861 0001 good high temperature couplant should be used with optional high temperature transducers rated up to 392 F 200 C AN The transducers should not be bonded vvith epoxy 8 4 Troubleshooting amp Support 8 4 4 General If the unit does not perform satisfactorily complete the following steps until the problem is resolved DAKON Verify that the flowmeter is properly installed and that the installation site is suitable Verify that the flowmeter is properly configured Perform a Master Erase Contact the installation cont
47. n whichever site has the asterisk displayed Access a different site to automatically enter that site s stored parameters into the flowmeter for measuring flovv To access a different site press ENTER scroll to the desired site and press ENTER again To avoid overvvriting stored parameters and losing old data ensure that the desired site is active prior to entering the new set of parameters 21 4 12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration e RS232 Configuration setup menu 46 Use this menu to configure the RS232 port which allows the flowmeter to connect to an IBM compatible PC using 214 the UltraScan refer to the UltraScan manual or ULTRASCAN D Link D Link refer to Appendix C page 75 utilities Figure 4 12 C Figure 4 12 C RS232 Mode a Access the RS232 Configuration setup menu RS232 Config 16 19200 N 8 1 b Select ULTRASCAN or D LINK Figure 4 12 D c Press the DOWN ARROW to display the baud rate selections The baud rate is the only RS232 parameter that can be selected The remaining parameters parity character size stop bits are preset Figure 4 12 D d Access Menu 00 Change System Password setup menu 47 The flowmeter is shipped from the factory with the system Password password disabled If a password is enabled the flowmeter requests the password when a user attempts to enter any configuration data Ente
48. nd press the module straight in 7 Replace the 2 screws and 4 insulating washers 8 Select the loop powering option according to Section 3 1 page 9 9 Reconnect the wiring to the module 44 8 2 Replacing the Current Loop Module continued 10 Replace the sheetmetal access cover and reconnect power to the flowmeter according to Section 2 2 page 7 11 Calibrate the current loopaccording to Section 4 13 page 23 u p nn 1 Kiel J QD mia 8 FIGURE 8 2 the module properly with the connector before inserting the module into the 7 To ensure proper operation and to avoid damage to the module align the pins on flowmeter Ensure that the screw holes in the module align exactly with the WARNING mounting posts on the main board It is possible to incorrectly align the module by 1 pin and force the holes to line up thus damaging the module 8 3 Replacing Sonic Coupling Compound Any voids or air gaps that exist in the coupling compound beneath the transducers can reduce the signal and render the flowmeter inoperative Coupling compound should be protected from washout and replaced as required Annual replacement is recommended for most applications to maintain optimal performance To replace the coupling compound 1 2 Remove the transducers from the pipe Clean the old compound from the transducers and the pipe Apply a wide bead of compound lengthwise dow
49. ng on and off when the flow is close to the ON or OFF value For example if the ON condition is FLOW 250 gallons per minute the OFF condition may be set at FLOW 240 gallons per minute At these settings the relay turns on when the flow exceeds 250 gallons per minute and does not turn off until the flow falls below 240 gallons per minute 8 Press the DOWN ARROW and the Relay Off Condition Value screen is displayed Figure 5 1 E Off Cond Value 9 Enter the value for the relay OFF condition and press 24 00 GPM ENTER Figure 5 1 F 10 Repeat step 1 through 9 for each relay you want to program 31 5 2 Viewing Relays You can vievv the current ON and OFF conditions of the relays by accessing Menu 72 Figure 5 2 A and selecting the desired relay The ON and OFF conditions for the selected relay is displayed as seen in Figure 5 2 B Show Relay Flow lt 16 00 GPM mi m2 m3 m4 Flow gt 24 00 GPM Figures 5 2 A amp 5 2 B 5 3 Testing Relays Relays are tested by manually turning them on and off This is accomplished using the Test Relays setup menu 73 Test a relay as follows 1 Access Menu 73 The ON OFF status of each relay is 1 displayed as seen in Figure 5 3 This display Relay Test shovvs that relays 1 and 2 are off and relays 3 and 4 Off mOff are on mOn mOn 2 Select the relay and press ENTER The relay s ON or FIGURE 9 3 OFF indication on the display changes to indicate the new status The re
50. nge of only 2 to 5 percent LIQUID Acetic anhydride Acetone CH COCH Acetylene tetrabromide Acetylene tetrachloride Alcohol ethyl grain methyl wood CHOH propyl A ms l em 60 iso HscAmyether ether Aniline 20 1656 68 5432 4 37 HET ss a 4 E Asphalt blended RC 0 MC 0 SC 0 RC 1 MC 1 SC 1 RC 2 MC 2 SC 2 RC 3 MC 3 SC 3 RC 4 MC 4 SC 4 RC 5 MC 5 SC 5 RS 1 MS 1 SS 1 Asphalt emulsions Fed 2 V VI 25 77 159 324 37 8 100 60 108 37 8 100 518 1080 50 122 159 324 50 122 518 1080 60 140 215 430 50 122 1295 2805 60 140 540 1080 60 140 1725 4315 82 8 180 270 540 60 140 6040 18340 82 8 180 647 1295 25 77 33 216 37 8 100 19 75 25 77 215 1510 E JS X 75 367 pum 216 RE 7 pum 75 61 Automotive crankcase oils 17 8 KEYS max me sro me of ess ww 777 CT f T ZZ N N SAE 150 Beer Benzene Benzol CgHg E Bismuth Lus la 100 212 11 6 Bon A me EE e ia 30 0 35 TO ER OR Butyric acid n 68 1 61 2 Cadml m o 21 aal etl ea ze ml l Calcium chloride 18 3 1 156 SE Carbolic acid phenol 11 118 Carbon tetrachloride CCI 20 68 0 612 37 8 100 0 53 Carbon disulphide CS Castor oil 259 325 98 130 China wood oil 20 6 69 308 5 ES 77 5 Chlo
51. nu 20 Enter the fluid sound speed If OTHER was NOT selected as the fluid type this 4863 33 FPS menu is available by the direct access method only FIGURE 4 9 A and functions as a view only display to indicate the fluid sound speed as programmed in the flowmeter s database Figure 4 9 A Fluid Viscosity setup menu 22 This menu can only be configured if OTHER was selected as the fluid type in Menu 20 Enter the fluid viscosity If OTHER 1 130 cst was NOT selected as the fluid type this menu is available by the direct access method only and Figure 4 9 B functions as a view only display to indicate the fluid viscosity as programmed in the flowmeter s database Figure 4 9 B Fluid Viscosity 4 10 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLOW Submenu Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Max Flow Range setup menu 31 and Min Flow Range setup menu 32 Use these menus to enter the minimum and maximum flow values for setting the volumetric flow range Setting the optimum flow range generally improves the flowmeter s response time Figures 4 10 A and 4 10 B NOTE Whenever the pipe ID is changed the flowmeter returns the volumetric flow range to its default settings The default settings are the minimum and maximum flows for the new pipe ID that occur at 32 and 32 fus 9 76 and 9 76 m s Damping setup menu 33 Use this menu to enter the value for the damping coefficient which suppresses short term fluctuati
52. og to a file go to File and select Save Log The file can then be opened in data processing software such as Excel for Windows To load a previously saved log file go to File and select Load Log refer to Figure C 4 page 78 77 BA DLink1 1 6 Datalog Retrieval DCT Series File Log About Quit No Datalog Loaded Figure C 4 78
53. on continued Step 2 PIPE setup menu continued b Selectthe Pipe ID setup menu 12 Enter the pipe ID value and press ENTER Figure 4 5 C Pipe I D 4 017 inches Figure 4 5 C c Select the Pipe Material setup menu 13 Press the UP and DOWN ARROWS to scroll through the available options Figure 4 5 D NOTE Select OTHER if the material is not listed Pipe Material You must then enter then pipe sound speed 14 and e pipe inside roughness 15 CARBON STEEL 3 If there is a liner Figure 4 5 D a Access the Liner Material setupmenu 16 and Liner Material Figure 4 5 E is displayed Press the UP and DOWN ARROWS to scroll through the available POLYETHYLENE options Figure 4 5 E NOTE Select OTHER if the material is not listed You must then enter the liner sound speed 18 and Liner Thickness liner inside roughness 19 0 100 inches b Access the Liner Thickness setup menu 17 and enter the thickness Figure 4 5 F FiGURE 4 5 F 4 Access the Fluid Type setup menu 20 and scroll through the available options using the UP and Fluid Type DOWN ARROWS Figure 4 5 G WATER NOTE Select OTHER if the fluid type is not listed PEN You must then enter the fluid sound speed 21 and Figure 4 5 G fluid viscosity 22 5 Within the Transducer submenu Transducer Type a Access the Transducer Type setup menu 23 Standard Currently the only selection available is STANDARD which MUST be selected
54. ons in the indicated flow rate The displayed flow rate and the 4 20 mA current loop output is a moving average of the last n seconds where nis the damping value Increasing the coefficient increases the response time to changes The coefficient is adjustable from 1 to 99 seconds in 1 second increments Damping should be kept at a minimum unless the flow rate fluctuates wildly If this is the case increase the damping coefficient just enough to reduce the fluctuation to an acceptable degree Figure 4 10 C Low Flow Cutoff setup menu 34 When a zero flow condition occurs for example as the result of a pump being shut off internal sloshing check valve leakage and other fluid movement can prevent the flowmeter from reading total zero This phenomenon can result in totalizer errors Minimize these errors by entering a low flow cutoff which drives the flowmeter to zero for flow rates at or below the specified value If the flow rate falls below the low flow cutoff value the indicated flow rate is driven to zero and the totalizers stop incrementing this is the case regardless of flow direction Figure 4 10 D For example if you enter a low flow cutoff of 0 1 ft s 03 m s the flowmeter is driven to zero for flow rates less than 0 1 ft s in the positive direction and greater than 0 1 ft s in the negative direction Figure 4 10 E Max Flow 1141 31 GPM Figure 4 10 A Min Flow 1141 31 GPM Figure 4 10 B Damping
55. owing the approximate relationship between specific gravity viscosity and sound velocities for aliphatic hydrocarbons petroleum products Ge ef APPROXIMATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC GRAVITY KINEMATIC UNITS S G V SCOS TY AND SOUND VELOCITY FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS des 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 SOUND SPEED M S SEE TABLE FOR VISCOSITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CRUDE OIL MULTIPLY M S BY 3 28 TO OBTAIN FT S IF ENGLISH UNITS ARE VISCOSITIES ARE APPROXIMATE THIS NOMOGRAPH REQUIRED SHOULD BE APPLIED TO ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS AND MIXTURES THEREOF ONLY 74 APPENDIX C MONITORING DOVVNLOADING DATALOGS USING D Link D Link is PC based user interface software that can communicate with DCT6088 and DCT7088 flowmeters to monitor and download datalog information C 1 Installing D Link Start the PolyCD and select D Link in Communication Software Follow the instructions to install D Link C 2 Establishing Communications with a Flowmeter 1 Goto the Options Group menu 42 and select D Link in the communication options 2 Connect a RS232 cable from the PC to the flowmeter 3 Open the D Link utility If a Communication Failed dialogue opens as shown in Figure C 2 A click OK Make necessary adjust ments according to your PC setup Figure C 2 B and click OK DLink BE CommPort Properties x TTT Communications Failed A A Port Com Maximum peed 19200
56. pe diameters downstream from any elbows tees throttling valves orifices reduced sections or other flow disturbances Up to 30 diameters of straight run may be required upstream from the flowmeter after a pump control valve or double piping bend for greater accuracy A distance of 5 diameters downstream is usually sufficient under all circumstances Always mount the transducers on the sides of the pipe in the 3 o clock or 9 o clock positions on horizontal pipes Positioning the transducers in this manner prevents signal loss which can be caused by sediment along the bottom of the pipe or gas bubbles and air pockets along the top of the pipe Ensure that the pipe skin temperature is within the transducer temperature rating The transducers are rated for 40 to 212 F 40 to 100 C Temperature ratings up to 392 F 200 C are available with optional high temperature transducers Pipes with excessive corrosion or scaling create conditions which can make accurate measurement difficult or impossible if possible avoid selecting these sections of pipe as mounting locations Remove any dirt grease rust loose paint or scale from the pipe surface prior to mounting the transducers To obtain best results on aging and rough pipes a file or grinder may be required to clean the pipe down to bare metal 34 If your application cannot follow these guidelines completely meaningful flow measurements with some loss in accuracy and s
57. pe material fluid velocity etc Write the RMA number on the outside of the shipping box Send the unit freight paid to Thermo Electron Corporation Flow Systems 9303 W Sam Houston Parkway S Houston TX 77099 USA 8 4 4 Upgrades Thermo provides the most current software for your meter at time of shipment Find out about upgrades by contacting Thermo via mail fax phone or web Upgrades are available using the RS232 port anda remote terminal 47 8 5 Warranty Statement Thermo products are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship at the time of ship ment and for one year thereafter Any claimed defects in Thermo products must be reported within the warranty period Thermo shall have the right to inspect such products at Buyer s plant or to require Buyer to return such products to Thermo plant In the event Thermo requests return of its products Buyer shall ship with transportation charges paid by the Buyer to Thermo plant Shipment of repaired or replacement goods from Thermo plant shall be F O B Thermo plant A shop charge may apply for alignment and calibration services Thermo shall be liable only to replace or repair at its option free of charge products which are found by Thermo to be defective in material or workmanship and which are reported to Thermo within the warranty period as provided above This right to replacement shall be Buyer s exclusive remedy against Thermo Thermo shall not be lia
58. pounds for high temperature underground or submerged installations 5 Attach the transducers to the pipe by using the stainless steel clamps and referring to one of the following sections to mount the transducers according to the selected mounting method e the V method Section 6 4 1 page 37 the W method Section 6 4 2 page 37 theZ method Section 6 4 3 page 38 the VV and VW methods Section 6 4 4 page 41 The transducers should be mounted on the pipe in relation to the direction of flow as shown in Figure 6 3 A below Reversing the position of the upstream and downstream transducers or reversing the transducer cable connections to the instrument results in negative flow readings FLOW RED BANDED END UPSTREAM TRANSDUCER BLUE BANDED END DOWNSTREAM TRANSDUCER Figure 6 3 A 35 6 Tighten both straps securely Ensure the transducer face is aligned normal to the pipe Figure 6 3 B belovv The transducer face alignment is particularly critical on small pipes due to pipe curvature Notice that the properly installed transducer contacts the pipe at the pipe s centerline and that the gaps on either side of the centerline are equal Follow these steps for the easiest method of aligning transducers on small pipes a Secure both transducers to the pipe with pipe clamps and tighten the clamps until the transducers fit snugly b Adjust the transducers until the gaps on both sides are equal c While hol
59. r entered parameter of pipe inside diameter ID When this value is squared to get cross sectional area a 196 error yields a 296 error in volumetric flow In practice commercially fabricated pipe seldom has ID consistency much tighter than 196 and unless the pipe to be measured has been accurately measured this uncertainty is not reducible through instrument calibration The more sophisticated transit time flowmeters incorporate flow profile corrections to compensate for the pipe s cross sectional velocity profile with a changing Reynolds number However this requires that the operator knows the inside roughness of the pipe to be measured The instrument may infer a roughness if none is entered by the operator but that is only an estimate based on the characteristics of new pipe Pipes can of course accumulate deposits which may not only reduce the ID but affect the roughness as well Errors on the order of 296 as a result of this phenomenon are not uncommon While other factors may influence instrument accuracy to a lesser extent the issues described above are the major elements of pipe dependency upon absolute instrument accuracy While calibration on a refer ence flow loop under known conditions is a useful exercise to determine the accuracy potential of an instrument it is not a guarantee of absolute accuracy on different pipes under field conditions 1 4 Ordering The table below describes ordering information for a standard DCT6088 flo
60. ractor or representative through whom the flowmeter was purchased Contact Thermo to attempt to resolve the problem over the phone If we determine the problem cannot be resolved over the phone return the entire unit to the factory 8 4 2 Local Representative Support The local Thermo representative is the first contact for support and is well equipped to answer questions and provide application assistance Your representative has access to product information and current software revisions 46 8 4 3 Service amp Returns If it becomes necessary to contact the Thermo Service Center with software or hardware problems please have the following information available signal strength transducer type and mounting configuration pipe orientation pipe OD pipe ID pipe material fluid type liner material liner thickness model and serial numbers To return an instrument 1 Contact the Thermo Service Center for an RMA number issued by the service representative The receiving dock does not accept shipments without the RMA number You can contact the us at any of the following phone 713 272 0404 e fax 713 272 5388 e web www thermo com address listed below Ensure the instrument is well packed in its original shipping box if available Include a letter fully explaining the symptoms of the failure as well as detail describing the application where the unit was being operated type of fluid pipe size pi
61. rally do not satisfy performance or safety specifications Please contact the Thermo Customer Service Department when more tape strips are needed 1 Wipe grease off the coupling surfaces of both transducers Clean the surfaces with detergent and let dry Figure 6 5 B Figure 6 5 B APPLYING FOAM TAPE STRIPS STEP 1 2 Dravv 2 lines on each transducer surface with a pencil so that the band defined by the lines is SPACING in the middle of the surface The spacing Sa gn between the 2 lines should be as follows E 3 0 to 3 5 in pipes 0 50 in LINES DRAWN ON 76 2 to 88 9 mm pipes 12 7 mm TRANSDUCER 2 5 to 3 0 in pipes 0 44 in 63 5 to 76 2 mm pipes 11 2 mm 2 0 to 2 5 in pipes 0 38 in Figure 6 5 C APPLYING FOAM TAPE STRIPS STEP 2 50 8 to 63 5 mm pipes 9 7 mm 1 5 to 2 0 in pipes 0 32 in 38 1 to 50 8 mm pipes 8 13 mm 1 5 in and smaller pipes 0 25 in 38 1 mm and smaller pipes 6 35 mm Figure 6 5 C 3 Remove the adhesive protection paper to STRIPS expose the tape strips Place a strip on each SE FOAM TAPE side of the surface along the line Press the strips down to ensure good adhesion Figure 6 5 D Figure 6 5 D APPLYING FOAM TAPE STRIPS STEP 3 4 Apply coupling compound to the space between the tape strips The optimum height of the compound layer is approximately one half spada WE the height of the tape strips Figure 6 5 E S LT FOAM TAPE STRIP
62. rine o o me Chloroform 0 38 0 35 Cocoanut oil 37 8 100 29 8 31 6 54 4 130 14 7 15 7 Cod oll 37 8 100 32 1 54 4 130 19 4 Corn oil 54 4 130 28 7 100 212 8 6 Corn starch solutions 22 Baume 21 1 70 32 1 37 8 100 27 5 24 Baume 21 1 70 129 8 37 8 100 95 2 25 Baume 21 1 303 37 8 173 2 63 Cotton seed oil 37 8 100 37 9 54 4 130 20 6 Crude Oil 15 6 60 54 4 130 40 API 15 6 60 54 4 130 35 6 API 15 6 60 17 8 54 4 130 4 9 32 6 API 15 6 60 23 2 54 4 130 7 1 Salt Creek 15 6 77 54 4 25 1 Cyclohexane E O 1278 ESSI 41 NN eyelohexanol o 1622 520 Decane n 17 8 2 36 77 8 e 1 Decon o 1250 el 4100 41001 Diesel fuel oils 37 8 100 54 4 130 37 8 100 6 11 75 54 4 130 3 97 6 78 37 8 100 29 8 max 54 4 130 13 1 max 122 86 6 max mz NE 2 max Diethyl Ether Ether 0222 32 Diethylene glycol 21 1 70 30 1533 86 5028 Diethylene glycol monoethyl 1296 4251 ether Dimethyl siloxane 20 912 3 2992 Dow Corning 200 fluid 64 Joe a CR FCI gt mem al ef s l name af ml ml ml SE E Ethyl acetate CH COOC H 20 1133 3716 0 Ethyl alcohol 0 1161 8 3811 z 3057 0 27 Ethyl bromide C H Br 10 20 Ethylene chloride ud 0 668 Ethylene dibromide 1014 Ethylene dichloride 775 si 4067 Ethylene glycol 21 1 70 17 8 77 1616 6 86 Ethylene glycol monoethy ether glycol monoethyl ether 1279 Be 5 41951 Ethylen
63. ring the Ficure 4 12 E correct password temporarily unlocks the system allowing the user to make configuration changes New Sys Password To change or disable the system password a Access Menu 47 Figure 4 12 E Figure 4 12 F b Enter the new system password and press ENTER Figure 4 12 F Password NOTE Disable the system password function by entering 0 zero as the system password Enable the function by changing the password back to a Figure 4 12 G non zero number Accepted Password c Enter the old system password and press ENTER If the old system password is correctly Rejected entered Figure 4 12 G is displayed If the pass word is incorrectly entered Figure 4 12 H is Figure 4 12 H displayed NOTE After the system password is accepted or rejected Menu 48 is displayed enabling the scale factor password to be changed d Access Menu 00 to lock the system with the new password 22 4 12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu continued Not included in the Quick Setup Configuration Change Scale Factor Password setup menu 48 Use this menu to change the scale factor password New Sc Fac Passwrd which is designed to protect the scale factor from unauthorized or accidental changes The flowmeter ships from the factor with the scale factor password disabled If the scale factor password is enabled the flowmeter requests the password whenever a user attempts to chang
64. s Take 10 separate flow readings and average This average is designated as P for positive in the formula seen in step 10 Disconnect the transducer wires and reverse the upstream and downstream wires The flowmeter displays a negative flow reading Allow the meter to settle for 10 minutes Take another 10 readings and average This value is designated as N for negative in the formula in step 10 Determine the manual zero point Zp by performing the following calculation _ P N 20772 Access Menu 51 and select Manual Enter the zero point in Menu 51 If necessary you can apply a negative offset by pressing plus minus key Press ENTER and access Menu 00 Reconnect the transducer wires according to their original orientation Restore the minimum and maximum flow range values menus 31 and 32 if they were changed Allow the flowmeter readings to settle for 10 minutes 4 13 2 Scale Factor Calibration After setting and verifying the instrument s zero point you can set a scale factor to adjust the measured flow the measured flow is multiplied by this scale factor For example if the displayed flow is twice the actual flow you can enter a scale factor of 0 5 to divide the displayed flow by 2 The primary reason for setting the scale factor is to compensate for manufacturing variations in the transducers The scale factor printed on the transducer set should be entered in Menu 52 25 4 13 2 Scale Factor Calibratio
65. se 76 Brix 21 1 70 2200 iex 8 100 Sulphur 030 1332 256 4369 14 5 20 68 4 4 Tar coke oven 21 1 70 600 1760 37 8 100 141 308 Tar gas house 21 1 70 3300 66M 37 8 100 440 4400 Tar pine 37 8 100 559 55 6 132 108 2 Tar road 50 122 43 2 64 9 100 212 8 88 10 2 50 122 86 6 154 100 212 11 6 14 3 50 122 216 440 100 212 16 8 26 2 50 122 660 1760 100 212 31 8 48 3 50 122 4 4M 13 2M 100 212 53 7 86 6 122 25M 75M is 212 um 173 Tin Tin moten 2470 464 om 81 aa Toluene 20 68 0 68 mm 1275 86 41 o Lo Toluidine 22 225 1669 n 5474 sara 72 i 25 77 37 8 100 130 54 4 sl w 20 68 37 8 100 VVater distilled 20 1482 9 4864 1 0038 60 15 6 1 13 54 4 130 0 55 86 6 95 2 39 9 443 m 37 8 100 35 39 6 54 4 130 19 9 23 4 20 68 0 93 22 1352 72 4435 50 ms Jr c m ims 1425793 140 60 50872 1550579 1496294 176 80 50987 1554084 1519428 194 90 50856 155001 10 1508 73 5093 6 1552 529 5074 8 1546 799 F2 1528 481 1536 009 5068 4 1544 848 1542 166 see next page for graphical representation 73 WATER SOUND SPEED VERSUS TEMPERATURE 32 41 50 59 68 77 95 104 113 122 131 140 149 158 167 176 185 194 203 212 F B 3 Relationship Between Specific Gravity Viscosity amp Sound Velocity for Petroleum Products This figure is a graph sh
66. sibility of explosion do not disconnect equipment unless the 49 A Op Ugy SS sindino YIIYM ISJELUMOJJ JUSWSJNSBSUI y d Aug aq UBD BULIM 18470 W014 pejejedes eq snw Bum S A 092 uey JO aen jou JSNW pejoeuuoo jueuudinbe jo nuoo wyo uey SS aq 1snui punoJb Yes pue punoJ6 S uae weg eouelsisaH QIN 40 939 9U YUM e2uepJoooe UI aq pijnous uonel eisu N cO TO JO uoneoo ease snopuezey suorjesijdde 10 ssj 10 DEA OZ WOW pasamod aq 1snul pieoq feja jeuondo eui Jo 4100 zezsH eui 400 yu OZ y eui 0 pejoeuuoo juaudinba WHO gt ano DBA SLL Hidva 2000 21922 Nid sudaldva cl 9 9 44 SdNOYD T AIG Il SSVTO q 94 v SdnOH9 T AIG I SSVTO JO V3V 33VS SALON 1334 097 HLONST XVIN L000 VLEZE YIONASNVEL 9 4 3 SdNOYD 1 AIG Il SSVTO q 9 SANOYD LAICO 1 SSVTO vadv SNOGYVZYH Figure 9 1 A NORTH AMERICAN S Div 1 HAZARDOUS AREA INSTALLATION REFER TO DRAWING 22493 0003 50 40 939 y YIM SJUBPIODDE ureq pjnous uonejelsu Z JeyiusueJ JO uoneoo Base snopezey Buuinbas suomeordde 10 ss 10 OYA Oz posomod aq isnu pieoq Aejai jeuondo au 10 suod ZEZSY eui Pod vui 2 ay o pejoeuuco juawdinby SALON OVA SU 1000 26922
67. ssed to accept the new value 4 6 Primary Displays The Primary Displays are for viewing only and cannot be configured Primary Displays include displayed values for flow rate totalizers velocity signal strength or low signal cutoff menus 00 through 04 4 6 1 Flow Net Totalizer 00 The Flow Net Totalizer is the standard display used under normal operating conditions It displays the flow rate and net totalizer value If the net totalizer is not currently enabled the last net totalized value is displayed Figure 4 6 A Figure 4 6 A 4 6 2 Flow Velocity 01 The Flow Velocity display indicates the flow rate and fluid velocity Velocity is displayed in feet per second FPS if ENGLISH is selected as the measurement unit in Menu 42 and in meters per second MPS if METRIC is selected Figure 4 6 B Figure 4 6 B 4 6 3 Flow Positive Totalizer 02 This display indicates the flow rate and the totalized flow in the positive flow direction If the positive totalizer is not currently enabled the last nettotalized value is displayed Figure 4 6 C Figure 4 6 C 4 6 Primary Displays continued 4 6 4 Flow Negative Totalizer 03 0 00 GPM This display indicates the flow rate and the totalized flow 0 x Gal in the negative flow direction If the negative totalizer is not currently enabled the last net totalized value is Figure 4 6 D displayed Figure 4 6 D i SigStr 4 6 5 Signal Strength Low Signal Cutoff
68. t Corporation IBM is either a registered trademark or a trademark of International Business Machines Inc Krautkramer is a registered trademark of Agfa Gevaert Group Sil Glyde is either a registered trademark or a trademark of American Grease Stick Company TABLE oF CONTENTS 1 ProductiOVerVieW u u l A ar DA SEENEN 1 1 4 INTOGUGTION BEE 1 1 2 LEE Operation ihre at 1 1 3 Transit Time Accuracy uu lee LLL ALI eve ukawa Lua eet CL Duo deu 2 VALOREN WEE 3 1 5 Technical Specificafions uos acr dc u ve epe ele e ADASI SA 4 T Sol Pertormanto s N 4 1 5 2 Functional EE 4 o AA 4 1 6 External Features vu anne a bedrede de e e Cea dd 5 2 Installing RE OR 6 2 1 Installing he ue 6 2 1 1 Direct Mount Method so idein eee ne 6 2 1 2 Mounting Ears Method A 6 2 2 Connecting the Wiring EE 7 3 Additional Wiring Instructions nene nenet UU u tentene tete eee t n R nnne u u annee nnns 9 3 1 Current Loop Terminals nsn 9 3 2 Relay Termal aoai inean LLL sd Lone Pane AR e nan ed eee 10 3 3 Communications Terminal Block 10 4 Configuring amp Operating the Flowmeter u 11 4 1 The Keypad amp Display EE 11 D aere el 11 4 1 2 Adjusting the Contrast io deett A AYARLAR a 11 4 2 Direct Men AC
69. tability may still be obtained depending on signal quality 6 3 Spacing amp Mounting the Transducers Once you have selected a proper transducer site you must ensure proper transducer spacing and mounting in order to maximize signal strength and accuracy 1 Determine which mounting method is appropriate for your application V W Z VV WV 2 Referto Section 4 page 11 to configure the flowmeter via the keypad or to the UltraScan manual to configure with UltraScan and note the value required for the transducer spacing value calculated by and displayed on flowmeter LCD or in UltraScan 3 Clean the area of the pipe designated as the mounting location Remove any rust scale or loose paint well bonded paint does not need to be removed On horizontal pipes the transducers should be mounted in the 3 o clock and 9 o clock positions in order to avoid situations which can cause signal loss i e sediment along the bottom of the pipe gas bubbles or air pockets along the top of the pipe 4 Apply a wide bead of sonic coupling compound lengthwise down the center of the face of each transducer The coupling compound should squeeze out from around the edges of the D transducer when placed against the pipe There should be no air gaps between the transducer and the pipe Refer to Section 8 3 page 45 for more information on applying and replacing sonic coupling compound and for information on the use of other sonic coupling com
70. the external totalizer driven by the net totalizer pulse can only increment the flowmeter stops transmitting pulses whenever negative flow is being measured The flowmeter tracks the negative flow and does not start sending pulses to the external totalizer until the measured negative flow is canceled out by positive flow If an application has negative flow for extended periods of time separate external totalizers should be used driven by the positive and negative totalizers The net flow total can then be determined by subtracting the value for the negative external totalizer from the value for the positive external totalizer 4 Press the DOWN ARROW and the Relay On Condition Value screen is displayed as seen in Figure 5 1 C 16 00 GPM 5 Enter the value for the relay ON condition Press ENTER On Cond Value Figure 5 1 C NOTE The flow units used for the relays are the Relay 1 Off Cond same as the flow units selected for measuring flow in Flow Menu 30 6 Press the DOWN ARROW and the Helay Off Figure 5 1 D Condition screen is displayed Figure 5 1 D 7 Select a relay OFF condition The selections available for the OFF condition are the same as those for the ON condition If the ON condition is one of PULSE selections an OFF condition is not applicable The OFF condition value should be entered in conjunction with the ON condition value to establish a dead band This prevents the relay from continuously cycli
71. the paper firmly around the pipe and mark the intersection point where the fold MARKING POINT comes in contact with the rest of the paper Figure 6 4 G STRAIGHT EDGE Figure 6 4 G Z Mouwr STEP 7 Remove the paper from the pipe Place the fold and intersection mark together again and FOLD fold the paper exactly in half Figure 6 4 H MARKED m STRAIGHT EDGE EDGE Figure 6 4 H Z MOUNT STEP 8 Mark along the nevv fold Figure 6 4 1 MARK ALONG THE FOLD 4 MARKED STRAIGHT EDGE EDGE FIGURE 6 4 1 Z MOUNT STEP 9 Draw a horizontal line along the pipe from the centerline of the 3 o clock transducer position AT LEAST Use a level to ensure that the line is level with d the top of the pipe The line should be at least 3 inches 76 millimeters longer than the transducer spacing calculated by UltraScan or via Menu 25 HORIZONTAL LINE LEVEL STRAIGHT EDGE T CALCULATED OR BOARD TRANSDUCER SPACING For example if UltraScan calculates the spacing as 14 inches 356 millimeters draw a line 17 inches 432 millimeters long FIGURE 6 4 J Z MOUNT STEP 10 Figure 6 4 J a i 39 11 Measure the spacing from the inside edge of the 3 o clock transducer and mark this on the pipe Figure 6 4 K Wrap the paper firmly back on the pipe Have the point where the ends of the paper come together line up with the horizontal line on the 3 o clock side of the pipe Ensure that the inside
72. tion data 43 8 FLOWMETER MAINTENANCE amp TROUBLESHOOTING 8 1 Replacing the Fuse AN Prevent possible electrical shock and or damage to the meter disconnect power to the meter PRIOR to wiring WARNING The flowmeter has a single fuse which is mounted to the main board The sheetmetal access cover does not need to be removed since it has a hole for accessing the fuse To replace the fuse 1 Disconnect power from the flowmeter 2 Determine the cause of the fuse failure and correct if known 3 Open the door of the flowmeter 4 Using a small flat bladed screwdriver remove the fuse and replace it with another fuse of the same rating 5 Reconnect povver to the flovvmeter and verify that the unit is operating properly e g the newly installed fuse does not blovv 8 2 Replacing the Current Loop Module Prevent possible electrical shock and or damage to the meter disconnect power to the meter PRIOR to wiring WARNING To replace the module 1 Disconnect power from the flowmeter 2 Openthe flowmeter door and remove the sheetmetal access cover 3 Disconnect wiring to the module 4 Remove the 2 screws and 4 insulating washers from the lower corners of the module Each screw has 1 washer above and 1 washer beneath 5 To prevent damage to the connector grasp the module by all 4 edges and slowly lift it straight out from the main board 6 Align the pins on the new module with the connector on the main board a
73. tmospheres containing metal dust Group F atmospheres containing coal dust Group G atmospheres containing grain dust NEMA 4X watertight enclosures must pass hose test using 1 inch nozzle delivering 65 GPM at a 10 ft distance for 5 minutes additional corrosion resistant characteristics having no exposed metal surfaces NEMA 7 explosion proof enclosures for indoor hazardous locations Class I Groups A B C and 9 4 European Hazardous Area Installation Definitions This section provides hazardous area installation definitions for Europe to assist in determining the operat ing environment for the DCT6088 Refer to International Electrotechnical Commission EIC 79 for more information on hazardous area definitions for Europe EEx iallB T6 IS classification surface industry equipment used in flammable atmospheres equivalent to ethylene or less maximum surface temperature of 1857 F 859 C IP65 dust tight enclosure protection against low pressure jets of water from all directions limited ingress permitted 54 9 5 CE Certification Requirements The table belovv provides supplemental information for European units requiring CE certification Table 6 CE Certification Requirements Environmental operating Pollution degree 1 conditions per EN 61010 1 e Installation category over voltage Il Peripheral connections equipment should only be connected to peripherals conforming to External isolator Switch or circuit bre
74. to zero the instrument for the individual application This method is used only when flow in the pipe can be stopped The flow rate displayed in Menu 01 must be between 0 25 and 40 25 ft s 0 076 and 40 076 m s 1 Ensure there is no flow in the pipe Set Zero 2 Access Menu 51 Figure 4 13 B Flow Manual 3 Select No Flovv f the zero flovv set calibration is Figure 4 13 B successful Figure 4 13 C is displayed f the flovv rate s too high to perform a zero flovv set calibration Zero Cal Ok Figure 4 13 D is displayed continue to step 4 Flow 0 00 GPM 4 f Figure 4 13 D is displayed press any key and repeat step 1 through 3 when the flow rate is within Figure 4 13 C required limits E Zero Failed X XX FPS Figure 4 13 D 24 4 13 1 b Manual Zero Set Use this method infrequently Manual zero set applies a constant offset entered by the user to all readings For example if the flow reads 250 GPM and a 10 GPM offset is applied the new reading becomes 240 GPM To zero the instrument using the manual zero set method 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ensure that the minimum flow range setting in Menu 32 is the negative equivalent of the maximum flow rate setting in Menu 31 Enter 0 00 as the manual zero setting in Menu 51 then access Menu 00 Minimize flow occurring in the pipe Set the damping so that the flowmeter reads a steady flow Allow the flowmeter to settle for 10 minute
75. vides guidelines for selecting a calibration method Calibration Method Function Application Zero set calibration Zero flow set Zeroes the instrument for an actual Installations where flow can be no flow condition stopped Manual zero set Applies a manually entered offset to Where an offset is required all flow readings Scale factor Compensates for manufacturing Set by the factory to the value variations in the transducers imprinted on the transducers TABLE 3 After installing the meter you may find that a small adjustment to the zero point zero set calibration is required Zero set calibration allows the meter to read very close to zero under zero flow conditions There are 2 zero set calibration methods in Menu 51 the zero flow set method and the manual zero set method View the zero point used by the flowmeter in either of these methods by selecting Manual in Menu 51 After the instrument is properly zeroed it should display a stable reading well below 0 05 ft s 0 015 m s under zero flow conditions with the low flow cutoff disabled Prior to performing a zero set calibration verify the following transducers are connected to the pipe instrument is reading flow low flow cutoff is disabled to allow verification of calibration 4 13 1 a Zero Flow Set Method The best method of zeroing the instrument is to stop the flow and perform a zero flow set on the pipe The purpose of the zero flow set is
76. with local standards or codes of practice Avoid potential injury or damage to equipment ensure that the flowmeter is grounded at ALL times e es Minimize the possibility of explosion in hazardous area installations do NOT disconnect power until the area is known to be nonhazardous AN Prevent the possibility of electrical shock or damage to the instrument disconnect power PRIOR TO removing the sheetmetal access cover Replace WARNING the cover before reconnecting power to the unit 2 1 Installing the Enclosure The enclosure should be mounted to a sturdy vertical surface such as a wall The enclosure can be directly mounted with screws or indirectly mounted with mounting ears The flowmeter has 5 16 inch metal threaded inserts located in the corners of the enclosure The inserts are located in mounting wells that are sealed from the interior of the enclosure when the door is closed which prevents moisture from entering the instrument through the mounting holes 2 1 1 Direct Mount Method The enclosure can be directly mounted to a wall by inserting 4 1 4 inch screws into the mounting wells from the front of the enclosure The screws act as through bolts for securing the unit to the wall 2 1 2 Mounting Ears Method P S Figure 2 1 The enclosure can be mounted to a flat vertical surface using the optional mounting ears The mounting ears can be oriented vertically or horizontally as follovvs 1 Screw the
77. wmeter as well as available options MODEL NUMBER Series Digital Correlation Transit Time Flowmeters DCT6088 DCT6088 RS232 digital interface vvith UltraScan signal analysis and configuration program Display 40 character 2 line alphanumeric LCD vacuum fluorescent display 1 relay 5 A SPDT fully programmable 2 relays 5 A SPDT fully programmable 3 relays 5 A SPDT fully programmable 4 relays 5 A SPDT fully programmable 1 metal cased relay 3 A SPDT fully programmable 2 metal cased relays 3 A SPDT fully programmable 3 metal cased relays 3 A SPDT fully programmable 4 metal cased relays 3 A SPDT fully programmable no relays installed Enclosure NEMA 4X IP65 25 Transducer Cable Length 30A 30ft 9 m XXXXA increments of 10 ft 3 m up to 1000 ft 305 m Transducer Hazardous Area Certification A CSA Class I Div 2 Groups A B C D Class II Div 2 Groups E F G B CSA Class I Div 1 Groups C D Class Il Div 1 Groups E F G C CENELEC LCIE EEx ia IIB T6 S barriers installed in the transmitter Typical Model Number DCT6088 1 2 1 30A A standard Relay codes 1 through 4 are NOT suitable for hazardous area applications unless the NEMA 7 enclosure is selected for the transmitter If relays are required and the transmitter is to be located in a Class I Div 2 environment relay codes 5 through 8 are applicable 3 Intrinsically safe IS barriers installed in the transmitter
78. xample of when the Gallons Flow submenu is selected Figure 4 3 C Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to view a Primary Display setup menu or diagnostic menu within the current submenu 4 4 Flovvmeter Configuration Using Setup Menus Flovvmeter configuration is accomplished using the setup menus Some setup menus allovv a numeric value to be entered and others offer non numeric selections n non numeric setup menus an asterisk is displayed to the left of the selected currently entered in the flowmeter Figure 4 4 below Pipe Material CARBON STEEL FiGURE 4 4 4 4 Flowmeter Configuration Using Setup Menus continued To configure the flowmeter 1 Access the setup menus individually by pressing MENU and entering the 2 digit address OR by scrolling through the submenus and selecting the desired setup menu 2 a f the setup menu requires a numeric entry use the numeric keys to enter the value and press ENTER to accept the value If the numeric value is entered incorrectly press ERASE to delete the entry OR b Ifthe setup menu offers a non numeric selection press ENTER and the asterisk changes to a flashing cursor Use the arrow keys to scroll through the available selections When the cursor is to the left of the desired selection press ENTER 3 Complete the configuration process by accessing a Primary Display menus 00 through 04 The flowmeter will not use the new parameters until accessing a Primary Disp
79. xl Cancel Connection Preferences Flow Control Data Bits e Y j None C Xon Xoff Parity None v C RTS Stop Bits 1 C Xon RTS Figures C 2 A amp C 2 B If communications still do not establish check the following and correct any errors D Link is selected in communication Options Menu RS232 cable is connected correctly between the meter and your PC no other software program in your PC is using the COM port you selected 75 C 3 Monitoring Datalogs Once communications between the PC and the meter establish the program opens as shown in Figure C 3 A below Click the arrow below Get Log and select the log file you want to check Click Get Log The log information downloads and displays as seen in Figure C 3 B page 77 Log information can be downloaded from the meter when the log is still running so you can monitor the flow data without stop the log Refer to Section 4 16 page 28 for instructions on setting up the datalogger BE DLink1 1 6 Datalog Retrieval DCT Series o batalog Loaded Figure C 3 A SELECTING A LOG TO DOWNLOAD 76 z BLinki 1 6 Datalog Retrieval OCT Series File 110802 1 Started 11 8 2002 1 49 00 PM 14 Flow points at 60 second intervals alves range from 0 4562005 to 15072564 GPH 1 45 00 PM 15 52B7H 1 50 00 PM 15 46509 1 51 00 PM 15 36555 Figure C 3 B DISPLAYED LOG C 4 Saving amp Loading Datalogs To save the current displayed datal
80. y m 1 50 1118 T m es s acetate EL 68 EXT 44 RES 1131 86 a Methyl alcohol alcohol 1121 2 DN ME seo 68 wm le Jens Ter wonnen m l s nl zl wossten sl s vl zl m T l aul m Molasses A first 37 8 100 281 5070 54 4 130 151 1760 B second 37 8 100 1410 13 2M 54 4 130 660 3 3M C blackstrap 37 8 100 2630 55M 54 4 130 1320 16 5M Neatsfoot oil 37 8 100 49 7 54 4 130 27 5 Nitrobenzene 68 1 67 23 8 1462 75 4795 I Nonene 20 Nonene n 17 8 0 1 728 37 8 100 0 807 n Octane 17 8 0 20 68 37 8 100 0 l me sl v l Olive oil 21 7 71 37 8 100 54 4 130 sa Palm oil 37 8 100 47 8 54 4 130 26 4 69 Oleic acid mz NE x 54 4 130 23 4 een l m E n Pentane 0 68 80 E s si Re 71 1 raemor s ent Potassium 801 1840 rei nl el Poa S mf ef um as selo mk mi r ms Propylene glycol EE ye m ames Sodium chloride usech 1991 1562 6530 a e Je Soya bean oil 37 8 100 54 4 130 Sperm oil 37 8 100 54 4 130 Sugar solutions Corn syrup 86 4 Brix 37 8 100 180Mcp 82 2 180 1750cp 84 4 Brix 37 8 100 48Mcp 82 2 180 800cp 82 3 Brix 37 8 100 17Mcp 180 380cp 80 3 Brix 6900cp 230cp 78 4 Brix 3200 160 Sugar solutions Sucrose 68 Brix 72 Brix 74 Brix elml as Sugar solutions cont Sucro

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