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PANAME ROM

1. CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX ctLt uy o 00 32 20 64 40 96 60 GTA 1 01 33 21 A 65 41 a 97 61 cTLB x 2 02 34 22 B 66 42 b 98 62 ome Es 3 03 34 23 Cc 67 43 c 99 63 crD E 4 04 36 24 D 68 44 d 100 64 cTLE Fo 5 05 37 25 E 69 45 e 101 65 cTLF 6 06 amp 38 26 F 70 46 f 102 66 cre 2 07 39 27 G 71 47 g 103 67 cTLH s 8 08 40 28 H 72 48 h 104 68 cru 9 09 41 29 l 73 49 i 105 69 cry e 10 OA 42 2A J 74 4A j 106 6A cTLK y 11 0B 43 2B K 75 4B k 107 6B cr 12 0c MEU L 76 4C 108 6C cTLM 13 OD 45 2D M 77 4D m 109 6D cTLN o 14 OE gt 46 2E N 78 4E n 110 6E cTLO Y 15 OF 1 47 2F O 79 4F o 111 6F ene 16 10 O 48 30 P 80 50 p 112 70 ctLQ 17 11 1 49 31 Q 81 51 q 113 71 cTLR 7 18 12 2 50 32 R 82 52 r 114 72 crs 19 13 3 51 33 s 83 53 s 115 73 cat 20 14 4 52 34 T 84 54 t 116 74 cTLU k 21 15 5 53 35 u 85 55 u 117
2. 4 16 MA MB MA Condition a 0 0 Manual print mode E 0 1 Trace print mode pe 1 0 Normal print mode L 1 1 Carriage jam valid only if ER 1 3 8 ER Error condition Set out of paper or carriage jam 2 4 PA Paper Advance Set while PAPER ADVANCE key is down 1 2 PR Print Set while PRINT key is down 0 1 LA Long advance Set following out of paper condition indicating long carriage movement during advance Cleared when Carriage Return character received 7 128 EL End of line Set if carriage return was last byte received w 6 64 ID Idle Set if printer is not printing E 5 32 BE Buffer empty Set if no information is accumulated in print buffer m 4 16 EB Eight bit Set if printer is in Eight Bit mode 3 3 8 RJ Right justify Set if printer is set to right justify mode O 2 4 DW Double wide Set if printer is set to double wide mode a 1 2 CO Column mode Set if printer is set to column mode n 0 1 LC Lowercase Set if printer is in Eight Bit mode and set to lowercase mode Add the bit values for all bits that are set to 1 to find the decimal value of the status byte 40 82905 80 COLUMN PRINTER FUNCTION GROUP This group of functions will make the HP82905B 80 column printer much easier to use Thanks to them you can completely control the printer without knowing escape sequences or control characters normally needed to perform a specific task These functions permit an easier writing or reading of programs using the vari
3. TEXTLEN sets the number of text lines per page according to the absolute value of X This number must be in the range to the number of lines per page selected with FORMLEN At power on or after using the CLEAR function refer to this function for the description of this feature the default lines number per page is 60 VSPAC Vertical space VSPAC selects the vertical space in line per inch according to the absolute value of X This number must be 6 8 9 12 18 24 36 or 72 Any other value will return DATA ERROR 44 Appendix P Sequences sent to the primary device by the 82905 FNCS group of functions ESC represents the escape character decimal code 27 symbolizes the ASCII representation of a number and par the related character codes Function s BELL CHARSET for X 0 CHARSET for X 1 or 1 FFEED FORMLEN GRAPHX MODE SKIPOFF SKIPON TEXTLEN VSPAC Sequence BEL SI SO FF ESC 84 P ESC b G ESC amp k S ESC amp IOL ESC amp l1L ESC 81 F ESC 81 D Codes 07 15 14 12 27 38 108 par 80 27 42 98 par 71 27 38 107 par 83 27 38 108 48 76 27 38 108 49 76 27 38 108 par 70 27 38 108 par 68 Thinkjet Normal Bold FF FL O Normal 80 c l 1 expanded 40 c l 2 compressed 142 c l 3 expanded compressed 71 c l 9 bold 80 c l skipoff skipon textlen vspac 45 Roman 8 Characters
4. For X 0 selects the insertion cursor blinking arrow For X 1 or 1 selects the replacement cursor blinking block INSTRUCTIONS FOR CTYPE Put in X the value specifying the desired type of cursor and execute CTYPE Beware that when using the Video interface Mountain Computer MC00701A the selection of the insertion cursor Blinking underline selects neither character insertion mode nor line insertion mode HOME Put the cursor at the upper left position of the display HOME moves the cursor to position 0 0 SCRLDN Scroll the display down SCRLDN SCRoIL DowN scroll the display on line down So the bottom line disappears and a new line appears at the display top SCRLUP Scroll the display one line up SCRLUP SCRoIL UP scroll up the display by one line So the top line of the display disappears and a new line appears at the bottom of the screen SCRLX Scroll the display according to X SCRLX SCRolL as specified by X the display is scroll according to X The absolute value of X specifies the number of lines of the scroll and its sign the direction For X lt 0 SCRLX performs X SCRLUPs Scrolls the display up by X lines For X gt 0 SCRLX performs X SCRLDNs Scrolls the display down by X lines INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCRLX Put in X the number corresponding to the desired scrolling and execute SCRLX 33 XYTAB Move the cursor to position X Y XYTA
5. Restrictions 0 lt ABS X lt 999 and 0 lt ABS Y lt 255 INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTYBX Put in the Y register the decimal code of the character and the character count in the X register then execute OUTYBX EXAMPLES 1 To send 20 characters to the printer Decimal code 39 use the sequence 39 ENTER 20 OUTYBX 2 PRNBLZ PRint Number with Leading Zero This program prints numbers with leading zeroes The entry conditions are The X register holds the number to be printed The Y register holds the length of the printing field maximum number of digits Select the display format Execute PRNBLZ If the printing field cannot hold the formatted number it is field with characters After execution registers X Y LASTx and ALPHA are lost Listing of PRNBLZ LBL PRNBLZ CLA ARCLX X lt 0 XEQ 00 CLX ALENG X gt Y GTO01 48 X lt gt Y OUTYBX OUTA RTN LBLO0O CLX ATOXL OUTXB RTN LBLO1 CLX 42 X lt gt Y OUTYBX END 25 OUTa OUTA with 7th bit set OUTa works like OUTA except that the 7th bit of every character sent is set Therefor 128 is added when the character code is smaller than 128 with two important exceptions LF and CR characters which are automatically sent after an ALPHA string when flag 17 is clear CR carriage return decimal code 13 LF line feed decimal code 10 INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTa Put in the ALPHA register the string to be sent set or clear flag 17 see above execute OUTa EXAMP
6. T y Z X Y 1st status bit X 2nd status bit lt lt NA x lt No If stack lift is not enabled Before After TZ Z y Y 1st status bit X 2nd status bit XINA x lt No However the LASTx register is not modified The STATUS function has a specific characteristic in MANIO mode it returns to the X and Y registers two numbers which specifies the primary device s status If the primary device has no status bits STATUS returns 97 to the X and Y registers If the primary device has only one status bit STATUS returns the decimal representation of this bit to Y register and returns 64 to the X register If the primary device has at least two status bits STATUS works with the primary device as with the HP82162A printer in AUTOIO mode Status bits after the second one are ignored To know the number and definition of the status bits of a device refer to the description of the HP IL message SEND STATUS in the device manual The S1 appendix gives the detailed definition of the two status bits of the HP82162A printer 39 Printer Status Byte Definitions Appendix S1 BIT BIT NAME DEFINITION NUMBER _ VALUE 7 Always set to 0 6 64 SR Service request Set for out of paper condition carriage jam or PRINT or PAPER ADVANCE key pressed Cleared when condition removed or by Send Status Device Clear Selected Device Clear or Loop Powder Down message 5 32 MB Print mode jam Set according to
7. 15 STO 02 RO2 Height of each line 16 ST X There are 2 lines the 2nd dimension is 2 X 17 CHS The displacement will be down 18 X lt gt Y 190 49 20 ENTER 21 BOX 22 RCL 02 23 CHS 240 25 MOVE 26 RCL 02 270 28 RCL 01 29 RCL 00 30 AXIS 31 END XEQ CHART No COL 4 0000 RUN COL WIDTH 100 0000 RUN HT LINE 50 0000 RUN 50 BOX uses the 4 parameters T Z Y and X Starting position Drawing of inside lines Will print LDIR Writing direction in graphic mode LDIR Line DIRection specifies the writing direction for LABEL There are four possibilities 0 to the right 1 down 2 to the left 3 up LTYPE Line Type LTYPE Line TYPE specifies one of the 16th possible line types of the miniplotter The value of the X register is considered modulo 16 The line type will be used with the DRAW and RDRAW functions MOVE Move pen up MOVE moves the pen without plotting to the X Y coordinates PLREGX Broken line plotting PLREGX PLot REGisters by X joins the points which coordinates are specified by successive registers The X register contains a bbb eee pointer the integer part bbb specifies the register storing the first coordinate of the first point the fractional part eee specifies the register storing the second coordinate of the last point If in the succession of data the calculator finds one or several ALPHA strings the pen go to
8. CSRVX CSRUP CSROFF APPENDIX The HP 41 uses the Reverse Polish Notation RPN to solve complex problems without parenthesis and with a minimum of keystrokes This system was created by a famous polish mathematician Lukasiewicz and not by the Hewlett Packard company It is sure that this system demands a few hours of practice for a new user but it is also sure that its easiness and time saving qualities are worth tenfold these few hours A TIME SAVING SYSTEM the access to memory registers is quicker in the stack with any memory partition than on any other type of calculator A SPACE SAVING SYSTEM an intermediate result which does not use a register leaves it free for something else but furthermore the STACK allows for COMPLEX MEMORY MANAGEMENT one can use a subroutine without modifying it because of the memory implants the variables in the calling program So subroutine parameters are past throughout the stack calculations are done in the stack and results are returned to the stack a subroutine is general and easy to use In general any arithmetic treatment with up to 4 values can be performed in the stack Example 1 roots of a ax42 bx c 0 equation To use the program given below c ENTER b ENTER a XEQ ROOTS LBL ROOTS ST Z CHS ST X ENTER X42 RCL Z SQRT RCL Y SIGN ST Y END For instance to solve the following equation set x 2 x 6 0 and 3x 2 2x 1 0 6 ENTER 1
9. Input Output Input Output T t T x T t T x Z Z Z bbb Z Z Z bbb Y y Y eee Y y Y Ill X bbb eeeii X ii X bbb eeecc X cc L I L bbb eeeii L 1 L bbb eeecc where eee ll cc 1 bbb 58 AD LC ADdress Line Column AD LC ADdress Line Column returns the coordinates line column of an array element from its address Run and the array pointer Example Calculate the coordinates of register 36 in the array A Below with array pointer 25 04405 in ROO R25 first array element R44 last array element column line n21 line n22 line n23 line n24 Input 36 ENTER RCL 00 XEQ AD LC RDN LASTx nel n92 n23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 Display 36 0000 25 04405 2 00000 Column 3 00000 Line n23 25 04405 INSTRUCTIONS FOR AD LC ARRAY A Input register n2 Recall the array pointer n22 The pointer is saved in L To get the line column coordinates of an array element when you know the array pointer and the register address of this element Input the register number ENTER array pointer XEQ AD LC The column number is returned in the X register and the line number in the Y register The array pointer is saved in L registers Z and T are unchanged STACK Inp Ts Z Y X L Note This function does not check if the r
10. O XEQ ATOXX 68 0000 Code of D 4 XEQ ATOXX 77 0000 Code of M 6 CHS XEQ ATOXX 65 0000 Code of A 10 CHS XEQ ATOXX 0 0000 Null character 99 MEMORY ALLOCATION FUNCTIONS PSIZE Programmable SIZE PSIZE Programmable SIZE allocates the number of data registers specified by the X register SIZE Number of data registers SIZE returns to the X register the number of allocated data registers SIZE and PSIZE can be used in the same program to change the number of data registers without loosing any data Example 01 02 eee Your program 07 SIZE Return to the X register the number of data registers 08 125 The new program needs 125 data registers The current number of data registers is in the Y register 09 X gt Y Does the program need more data registers 10 PSIZE Change if necessary 100 READEM Read all extended memory from mass memory READEM READ Extended Memory copies from a mass memory file HP82161A tape drive for instance the whole of X Memory which was previously saved in the file with the WRTEM function Example To load the file MAT3 from the tape Keystrokes Display XEQ EMDIR DIR EMPTY Checks that the X Memory is empty If two XMEMORY are plugged in there are 600 registers available ALPHA MAT 3 ALPHA 600 0000 File name in ALPHA XEQ READEM 600 0000 the files are loaded into X Memory XEQ EMDIR MATRP P012 A D1
11. ON at odas 110 ON Kin iaa 110 OOTA EET odas 110 ON Meta T neal at ee eile T T 110 ON W tate nents E A T 111 UN do i tases 111 APPENDIX ccc nak indi add adnan 112 PREFACE When the HP 41 was introduced in 1979 it represented a significant evolution in the area of handheld programmable calculators the ability to input process and display alphanumeric characters A real dialog was now possible between the user and the calculator This new flexibility was also enhanced with the addition of audible tones In fact these advantages were only the most visible improvements The alphanumeric keyboard induces other new and powerful capacities The first possibility is very useful in program mode Instructions are not in code but in plain language Now specialized machine language is not adequate for the HP 41 specialized assembly language is better In fact for this calculator HEWLETT PACKARD has developed an advanced language near FORTH which places the HP 41 in a class by itself The comprehension of this potentially induces the way one will use the HP 41 THIS LANGUAGE IS AN INTERPRETED ONE The instructions inserted in the calculator memory are not directly intelligible to the microprocessor Prior to execution they must be translated compiled into a succession of micro instructions which are understandable to the HP 41 chip This deciphering operation is the interpreting A SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE FOR THE HP 41 A computer spends
12. PARSE Select line feed on space mode STATUS Returns to the X and Y registers 2 bytes indicating the status of the printer TABCOL Set absolute tabulation at the dot level as defined by IXI UNPARSE Select line feed on decimal code 24 mode HP82905 Functions BELL Beep CHARSET Select the character set to use X 0 for primary X 1 for secondary FFEED Form feed one page FORMLEN Sets number of lines per page as defined by IXI GRAPHX Indicates to printer that the next IXI bytes of data are graphic MODE Select printing mode 0 Normal 1 Expanded 2 Compressed 3 Bold expanded 9 Bold SKIPOFF Cancels perforation skips SKIPON Sets perforation skips TEXTLEN Sets number of text lines per page as defined by IXI VSPAC Select the line pitch between 2 lines IXI indicates the number of lines per inch 11 Mini plotter Functions AXIS Draw an axis with the following format t dimension of a half dash dy distance between 2 dashes on the y axis dx distance between 2 dashes on the x axis n number of dashes le lt gt dx Data being provided as follows T t Z dy Y dx X n BACKSP Move pen one character backward BACKSPX Move pen backward by IXI characters BOX Draw a rectangle whose 2 opposite corners have as coordinates x1 y1 and x2 y2 with T y2 Z x2 Y yl X xl COLOR Select pen color CSIZE Select character s
13. a negative number is returned to the X register when the function is executed Suppose that the ALPHA register contains the example 1 string Flag Flag i 28 29 Display set set 1 234 5000 set clear 1 0000 clear set 1 2345 clear clear 1 2340 STACK Input Output T t TZ Z Z Z y Y y Y x X x X number found in ALPHA L I L 90 ANUMDEL Search ALPHA number and delete ANUMDEL Alpha Number DELete searches the current string in the ALPHA register form left to right for a number represented in numerals and returns to the X register the value of the number It also deletes all characters in the string from the start of the string to the last numerical character used Example 1 Suppose that the ALPHA register contains the string PRICE 1 234 5XYZ to extract the numeric value for further use XEQ ANUMDEL puts this number in the X register The ALPHA string is deleted up to 5 included INSTRUCTIONS FOR ANUMDEL 1 ANUMDEL searches a numeric value in the string in the ALPHA register If a number is found it is put in the X register and the string is deleted up to the last numerical character of the number 2 If the ALPHA string contains more than one number separated by non numeric characters ANUMDEL uses only the first number ANUMDEL is identical in operation to the ANUM function except that the ANUM function does not alter the string The HP 41 considers execution of ANUMDEL as a
14. 85 Keystrokes Display CF 28 FIX 5 1 RCL 00 25 04405 COLPT 25 04005 First column pointer 3 RCL 00 25 04405 COLPT 27 04205 3rd column pointer XEQ RG 25 04005 Pointer of the output vector Now you can check that registers R25 R30 R35 and R40 which represent the first column are equal to 999 4 RCL 00 25 04405 COLPT ENTER 28 04305 X and Y contains the 4th column pointer RG 28 04305 Now the elements of the 4th column are R28 1600 R33 196 R38 576 R43 1 156 1 RCL 00 25 04405 LINPT 25 02900 First line pointer XEQ RG 28 04305 Finally the 4th column contains the result of the division and the array is the following column nel n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 999 20 857 1 60 1 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 999 12 714 9 80 2 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY C line n23 999 22 571 0 67 3 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 999 32 285 722 4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR RG RG RG 1 Functions RG RG and RG need two pointers The operand pointer must be in the Y register and the operator pointer in the X register 2 The results are saved according to the pointer in the Y register 3 After execution the X register contains the output vector pointer STACK Input Output T t TSE Z Z Z t Y pointer n21 Y z X pointer n22 X pointer n21 El 1 L pointer n22 86 SCALAR TO REGISTERS OPERA
15. AUTOIO MANIO PANAME ROM RCLSEL Appendix C For every type of accessory this list gives the name ID range and number related to a device type To search for a given accessory type the accessory type number is put in the X register This list can be used with FINDAID Device class Accessory ID Type identifier Controller Oto 15 1 Mass storage 16 to 31 16 Printer 32 to 47 32 Display 48 to 63 48 Interface 64 to 79 64 80 to 95 80 Graphic device 96 to 111 96 112 to 127 112 128 to 143 128 144 to 159 144 160 to 175 160 176 to 191 176 192 to 207 192 208 to 239 224 240 to 255 240 19 ID Device ID ID Device ID returns to the ALPHA register a string containing the device ID of the primary device on the HP IL The device ID is an alphanumeric string that identifies the device Generally the ID string indicates the device manufacturer model number and revision letter For instance the device ID of the HPIL RS232 interface is HP82164A If the main device is the HPIL RS232 interface the ID function returns HP82164A to the ALPHA register INSTRUCTIONS FOR ID The ID function returns the device ID of the main device to the ALPHA register To get the ID string of a device refer to the description of the HPIL message Send Device ID in the device owner s manual If the main device has no device ID the ALPHA register is cleared and the HP 41 display shows NO RESPONSE ID reads a maximum of 24 c
16. B 21 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 7 13 19 20 ak R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY A line n23 0 A 12 18 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 23 99 50 11 17 Keystrokes Display 2 RCL 00 COLPT 26 04105 Build 2nd column pointer XEQ SORT SORTING Sort is performed 26 04105 Done 3 LASTx COLPT CHS 27 04205 3rd column pointer the negative pointer indicates a decreasing order XEQ SORT SORTING Sort is performed 27 04205 Done column ned n22 n23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 14 13 50 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 El 99 21 20 1 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY A line n23 0 A 19 18 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 23 B 12 11 17 68 INSTRUCTIONS FOR SORT 1 SORT sorts either numeric values or alpha strings Strings are sorted according to their ASCII code and they are considered as being higher than numeric values 2 The pointer in the X register specifies the registers to sort 3 If X gt 0 values are sorted in increasing order 4 If X lt 0 registers values are sorted in decreasing order 5 While sort is done if there is no message in the display SORTING is displayed STACK SORT leaves the stack unmodified 69 STO gt L Store by L register STO gt L STOre by L stores the X register value into the register specified by the integer part of the L register pointer It also increments this pointer stack lift is not done Example To input all the e
17. Characters A A A iii 46 MINIPLOTTER FUNCTION GROUP cnnocococcccccccccccnnncncancnnnnnccnnnnnnnanancnnnnnnnnnnnnanas 47 AXIS E uses E R RR AE R A 49 DIR A I S A A A EAN E E PER O E 51 LTYPE ias 51 MOVE 000 A a 51 PLREGX cu A za 51 RRA Wisin cabstepy cage buveasetevees 51 RESET eeig oe T a EA ET hen eget ays TE apt ewes eee waar T RET KOT AT T ORE 51 REVUP a a E ERN EE RTN OTOA OR E E ERN EN 52 REVES OENE 52 RMOVE e e a A E A E TT A T AE 52 SETOR G iii a A TER ETA RRi 52 BACKS P A a A T A E EROT 52 BACKS PX a E aan relat ET A T T ATE T T ek T A TENTI ETE AT a 52 BOX Le eee ee 52 COLOR Site ica ee ein A he ee ee ee ie eee eee 53 COSIZE E get Gee gece get Gees Seas A ane teen Sanaa hetero da 53 DRA W pt 53 HOME it Rann A oe Bie Ai ee Ate Raa eee 53 LABEL a pa 53 Appendix TZ at ts ea en a 54 UTILITIES ui idarede adaa doaia aiaa oeda r iaeia ideais 55 ARRAY HANDLING FUNCTIONS 00 eecceeceessecesneessneeesceceaeeesaecesaeeesaeessaaeessaeseaesesaeeesaeeess 57 BED laa lala Lac lada al aladas tecevatel caqutteles 57 BRER aaa tas as Lt ad as ai ad a a taa 58 ADEC tnaa a a a a a a a lau andes Lec a te ea wean 59 LEAD A A E A EA 60 COLP Tota a AE E A EE A EA 61 TIN PT a da da ada testcase aladas 62 CLIN Cutie a AE E A ACA An ia 63 GETRGX iia aid did ai liado 64 SAVERG Xoo ase a a a dad 66 SORT ita ii ed tented een ad Set teeta et tena eterna tet 68 STO Sle sust ti Al crane der ene orators td taa 70 RG COPY oil ed dees aden veseges ai
18. R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 line n23 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 INSTRUCTIONS FOR LINPT 1 Input the line number which pointer is needed 2 Put the array pointer in the X register 3 XEQ LINPT returns the line pointer to the X register and saves the array pointer in LASTx STACK Input Ts t Z Z Y line Ne X bbb eeeii L 1 62 Output T t A Y 2 X El bbb eeeii b b b e e e i i CLINC Clear Increment CLINC CLear INCrement truncates the number in the X register from the 4th digit of the decimal part Example You want to know the first and last registers of an array The array pointer 25 04405 is saved in ROO Use the following sequence Keystrokes Display RCL 00 25 04405 Recall the array pointer XEQ CLINC 25 04400 XEQ INT 25 00000 1st register LASTx 25 04400 XEQ FRC 0 04400 EEX 3 44 00000 Last register INSTRUCTIONS FOR CLINC CLINC replaces in the X register any decimal digits after the 3rd one by 0 The old value is saved in LASTx register L STACK Input Output T t T t ZZ Z Z Y y Y y X bbb eeeii X bbb eee L I L bbb eeeii Note If the X register contains an Alpha string ALPHA DATA is displayed 63 GETRGX Recall registers from X memory GETRGX GET ReGisters by X copies in the re
19. R46 R47 R48 R49 16 22 36 6 9 10 The 3rd column holds the percentages 82 RGVIEW Registers input or catalog RGVIEW ReGisters VIEW is a multi mode function to view or and modify registers Example the following sequence performs several viewing of the array I In some cases registers are modified column line n21 line n22 line n23 line n24 Keystrokes CF 28 FIX 6 lt RCL 00 RGVIEW R S SST BST lt CLINC RGVIEW ON ON CHS RGVIEW 15 CHS EEX 2 CHS R S BST SST ALPHA ABCDEF G sal R S BST SST A ALPHA EEX 2 SST BST lt 2 EEX 6 CHS RCL 00 ALPHA RIEN A ALPHA RGVIEW R S SST SST BST 19 5 R S R S BST lt 6 EEX 6 CHS nel n22 n23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 1 2 3 4 5 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 6 7 8 9 10 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 11 12 13 14 15 ARRAY I R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 16 17 18 19 20 Display 0 000000 25 1 000000 30 6 000000 View the first column 35 11 00000 Halt the catalog 40 16 00000 Single stepping is 35 11 00000 possible in both directions 25 044050 End the catalog 25 044000 Register pointer 25 1 000000 26 2 000000 Automatic stepping in the 27 3 000000 registers and visualization 28 4 000000 of them Switch off the calculator 25 044000 Pointer to stop at the first value 25 1 000000 25 15_ Input dire
20. conditional goto is not used Example In a loop one wants to increment the X and Y registers The following sequence will do it ISG Y Increment the Y register NOP No OPeration ISG X Increment the X register GTO 03 and looped if higher TF55 Toggle printer flag TF55 Toggle Flag 55 toggles flag 55 which indicates that a printer is connected to the HP41 This flag cannot be modified by the user without the PANAME ROM The TF55 function 1 Sets flag 55 when there is no printer attached to the HP41 this makes easier the use of some programs for instance in application pacs which must be executed with flag 21 set Printing possible So you can use them as subroutines because when flag 55 is cleared those programs halt at every VIEW or AVIEW instructions So with TF55 there is no interruption 2 Clear flag 55 when a printer is attached to the HP41 which speed up programs when the printer is not used Another TF55 puts the printer back to use INSTRUCTIONS FOR TF55 1 To set flag 55 when it is cleared execute TF55 2 To clear flag 55 when it is set execute TF55 VKEYS View key assignments VKEYS View KEYS with the display of the HP41 lists the key assignments accessible in USER mode progressively starting from key R S from top to bottom and from right to left For instance if the PROMPT function is assigned to the ENG key Yellow key and 3 key code 74 the calculator will displ
21. in the range 0 63 DRAW Draw a segment DRAW draws a line segment from the current pen position to the X Y coordinates HOME Send pen to origin HOME sends pen to 0 0 coordinates LABEL Print the ALPHA register LABEL prints the ALPHA register This function is useful because the drawing can be done in four directions in text mode these four directions are specified with the LDIR function 53 Appendix T2 Minimum function set needed to use a 4 color mini plotter with the PLOT FCNS functions group Refer to JPC n15 June 1984 for a description of the mini plotter Representation convention represents a numeric character string eventually with a sign and no more than 4 digits For instance 230 0024 The syntax column specifies the signification of each parameter Control characters Decimal values 17 Select TEXT mode 18 Select GRAPH mode 11 Reverse line feed Text mode only 08 Backspace Text mode only GRAPHIC mode instructions Syntax Format Action A A Initialization H H Home Position 0 0 Mx y M Move to position x y Dx y D Drawing to position x y Rx y REA Relative move of x y Jx y J Relative drawing of x y Pstring Pstring Printing of the characters string string Lx L Select line type x Cx C Select pen x Change color Sx S Select character size x Qx Q Select printing direction x For P instruction only GRAPHIC mode func
22. initially to the number of characters in the string which must not contain null characters 01 LBL CAP 02 ALENG counts characters in ALPHA register 03 LBL 00 04 ATOXL Places codes of leading characters into X 05 97 The lower case letters are in the range 97 to 122 06 X gt Y 07 GTO 01 08 CLX 09 122 10 X lt Y 11 GTO 01 If not lower case character go to LBL 01 12 CLX The character codes for upper case letters 13 32 are determined by subtracting 32 from their 14 Lowercase counterparts 15 R 16 LBL 01 17 RDN 18 XTOAR restores capitalized letter to ALPHA 19 RDN 20 DSE X 21 GTO 00 branches if there is characters remaining 22 AON 23 END 89 ANUM Search number in ALPHA ANUM Alpha to NUMber searches the ALPHA register from left to right for a number The first number found is returned to the X register Example The ALPHA register contains the string PRICE 1 234 50 read from an extended memory ASCII file To extract the numeric value for further use XEQ ANUM and the number is returned to the X register INSTRUCTIONS FOR ANUM 1 The ANUM function searches a numeric value in the ALPHA register string If a number is found it is returned to the X register and flag 22 is set If a number is not found the X register and flag 22 are unchanged 2 Numbers in the ALPHA register are considered according to the status of flags 28 and 29 If a number in the ALPHA register has a sign
23. leftmost character of the ALPHA register string and returns its decimal code to the X register If the first character is followed by one or more null characters the string is moved to the left up to the first non null character If the ALPHA register is empty ATOXL returns 1 to the X register 2 ATOXR deletes the rightmost character of the ALPHA register string and returns its decimal code to the X register If the ALPHA register is empty 1 is returned to the X register 3 ATOXX returns to the X register the decimal code of the character which position in the string is specified in the X register The ALPHA register is unmodified 4 XTOAL X TO Alpha Left Opposite of ATOXL Inserts a character in the leftmost part of the ALPHA register defined by its decimal code in the X register and shifts the rest of the characters one space to the right If there are 24 characters in the ALPHA register including null characters the rightmost character is dropped 5 XTOAR X TO Alpha Right Opposite of ATOXR Inserts a character in the rightmost part of the ALPHA register defined by its decimal code in the X register and shifts the rest of the characters one space to the left If there are 24 characters in the ALPHA register including null characters the leftmost character is dropped 6 YTOAX Y TO Alpha by X Similar to ATOXX Places the character specified by the decimal code in the Y register into the ALPHA register at the p
24. most of its time searching in its memory to transfer information from one place to another This information can be transformed in the process but it is not always necessary To execute these transfers the microprocessor must know the data origin and destination both are absolute addresses There are two types of information data numeric values or characters strings instructions which sequence represents a program At the machine language level this information is all numerical But the average users are very different from a microprocessor they find it easier to remember words than numbers or instructions sequences programmers prefer symbols to numbers So the microprocessor must link one way or another the symbol and the address to get a given information It can use catalogs that are analogous to a directory where a telephone number is found using a surname The advancement of a language can be measured by its degree of symbolism THE HP 41 IS MODULAR In the world of micro computers the HP 41 is one of the few machines which can contain an undetermined number of programs Every one of them can be created modified erased and if you own a mass storage device saved or loaded independently Opposite this physical independence is a logical dependence Any program can call a group of instructions belonging to another program as a subroutine This sequence of instructions need only begin with an alphabetical label LBL X
25. numeric entry and sets flag 22 if a number is returned to the X register If the ALPHA string contains no numeric characters ANUMDEL clears the ALPHA register but has no effect on the stack 3 The characters E for exponent are interpreted by ANUMDEL as numeric or non numeric characters according to their context in the ALPHA string An isolated is not treated as a numeric character A or symbol immediately preceding embedded in or following a sequence of number digits will be interpreted exactly as if the symbols and numbers had been keyed into the X register with CHS representing and CHS CHS representing For instance ANUMDEL returns the value 3425 if executed when the ALPHA register contains the string 34 2 5 The status of the numeric display control flags flags 28 and 29 determines how the Alpha string is interpreted by ANUMDEL For example if both flag 28 and flag 29 are set commas are treated as digit separators But commas are considered as non numeric if flag 28 is set and flag 29 is clear Suppose that the Alpha register contains the example 1 PRICE 1 234 5X YZ Set FIX 4 and execute ANUMDEL the following table shows the result according to the setting of flags 28 and 29 Flag 28 Flag 29 X Register Modified Alpha String set set 1 234 5000 XYZ set clear 1 0000 234 5XYZ clear set 1 2345 XYZ clear clear 1 2340 5XYZ STACK Input O
26. of the 1st column 2nd element R30 3rd column pointer lst element R27 Input the column element per element End input and clear ALPHA mode Creation of a new pointer In this mode RGVIEW allows inputs while the former value or string is still displayed In this catalog mode zeros are ignored 1 RGVIEW is a general purpose display input and print function for main memory registers 2 The X register pointer specifies registers and RGVIEW mode It is a bbb eeeiij pointer If X gt 0 View in sequence the registers specified up to the end of then or up to an interruption with the R S key If X lt 0 View and stop on the Ist register specified Use SST to access the next register The R S key resumes the listing When j is an odd number REGisters equal to O are ignored If j 0 or 1 it is a standard catalog the register number and its value are displayed If j 2 or 3 RGVIEW displays the array elements to the right and the array name and elements coordinates to the left If j 4 or 5 RGVIEW displays the register value followed by Input is performed with the old value still in the display Example Display LUNDI Input LUNDI 10_ If j 6 or 7 RGVIEW displays the vector name 1 dimension the element coordinate and its value In ALPHA mode only the last six characters inputted are kept A printer in NORMal or TRACE mode prints the register catalog output by R
27. of the functions in this section are similar or identical to their X FUNCTION counter part Detailed coverage of those functions is beyond the scope of this manual It is assumed that you have familiarity with these functions or have the reference materials available to you to review these functions 55 56 ARRAY HANDLING FUNCTIONS BLDPT Build a pointer BLDPT BuiLD PoinTer builds a data set pointer bbb eeeii if X gt 0 or an array pointer if X lt 0 Example 1 A program has left in the Z register the number of the first register of a set of data in the Y register the number of the last register of the set and in the X register the number of registers between two data Z 25 Y 40 X 5 To calculate the data set pointer XEQ BLDPT FIX 5 X 25 04005 will give the address of R25 R30 R35 R40 Example 2 A previous program has left in the Z register the first register n of an array in the Y register the number of lines in the X register the number of columns Z 25 Y 4 X 5 To get the array pointer CHS XEQ BLDPT X 25 04405 column n 1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n 5 line n 1 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n 2 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 ARRAY A line n 3 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 line n 4 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 INSTRUCTIONS FOR BLDPT 1 To build a bbb eeeii data set pointer where bbb specifies the address of the first register of the data set eee specifies th
28. of the registers selected N based on the data value contained in each register 1 is placed in the register with the highest value 2 in the next highest down to N in the lowest Unlike SORT this function doesn t arrange the registers or data based on the values in the registers it replaces the data in the registers with integer values in the respective registers Example Starting with array B below to determine what the hierarchical order of the data in line 2 is start with LINPT to get the pointer 30 03400 in the X register then execute RGORD column nel n22 n23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 14 15 21 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 7 13 19 20 1 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 0 6 12 18 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 23 4 5 11 17 The resulting array is column nel n22 ne3 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 14 15 21 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 3 2 1 5 4 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 0 6 12 18 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 23 4 5 11 17 78 As another example to determine the order of a specific column say the 4th column you could start by using COLPT to generate 28 04305 in the X register The result after RGORD is column line n21 line n22 line n23 line n24 STACK nel n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 14 15 21 3 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 7 13 19 4 1 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 0 6
29. register is positive ALPHA CDEFGHI APPEND DEFGHI _ The ALPHA register scrolls to the left and the cursor is displayed after the 5 spaces INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUB SUB modifies the ALPHA register as specified in the X register If the X register number is an integer the calculator extracts the IXI left characters of the initial string If the initial string has less than IXI characters spaces are added to get a IXI character string spaces are added to the left if X lt 0 to the right if X gt 0 If the number in the X register has a decimal part bb ee the calculator extracts the sub string formed of the characters from the bb position to the ee one The first character is in position 0 If ee is higher than the position of the last character of the string the extract string is the initial string with spaces added to have a ee bb 1 character string Spaces are added to the left if X lt 0 to the right if X gt 0 Beware that the sign of the X register is ignored if ee is not higher than the position of the last character in the ALPHA register If bb is higher than the position of the last character of the initial string SUB puts a ee bb 1 space character string in the ALPHA register STACK The stack is unmodified by SUB Note if the ALPHA register string is 24 character long the calculator puts in the front of the string characters with code 0 which are displayed as small dots before the string 96 ALPHA AN
30. the HP 75 HP 85 HP 71 So these devices will not be outdated too quickly 47 48 AXIS Axis drawing AXIS draws several kind of axis on the mini plotter INSTRUCTIONS FOR AXIS AXIS uses four parameters which must be on the stack before executing the function T half length of a dash Z vertical distance between two dashes Y horizontal distance between two dashes X number of dashes The axis is drawn from the current pen position and the direction depends of the values in the Y and Z registers However dashes are always either vertical or horizontal according to the axis inclination from the horizontal X direction under 45 degrees dashes are vertical over they are horizontal The parameter in T makes the drawing of charts easier For instance with arrays Example The following program draws a chart with 2 lines and C columns Each column has a width of W and each line a height of H To use it only type XEQ CHART and answer the questions Input the value and R S 01 LBL CHART 02 HP82166 GP IO Converter identification 03 FINDID Search the address of the mini plotter 04 SELECT Select the miniplotter 05 RESET Re initialization 06 No COL 07 PROMPT Input the number of columns C 08 STO 00 ROO Number of columns 09 COL WIDTH 10 PROMPT Input the column s width 11 STO 01 RO1 Column s width 12 First chart dimension 13 HT LINE 14 PROMPT Input the line height
31. the next coordinate numeric data without plotting MOVE there it resumes plotting DRAW RDRAW Relative Drawing RDRAW Relative DRAWing draws a line up to the position x y relative to the current position of the pen RESET Re initialization RESET moves the pen to the left margin and selects Text mode 51 REVLF Reverse line feed REVLF REVerse Line Feed moves the pen one line upward REVLFX Reverse line feed by X REVLFX REVerse Line Feed by X moves the pen upward of the number of lines specifies by the absolute value of the X register RMOVE Relative MOVEment RMOVE Relative MOVEment moves to the x y position relative to the current pen position SETORG Set origin SETORG SET ORiGin sets the current pen position has the origin 0 0 BACKSP BACKSPace BACKSP moves the pen one character backward BACKSPX BACKSPace by X BACKSPX moves the pen backward by the number of characters specified by the absolute value of the integer part of the X register BOX Box drawing BOX draws a rectangle which 2 opposite angles have the coordinates x1 y1 and x2 y2 with T y2 Z x2 Y yl X x1 52 COLOR Color selection COLOR selects one of the four colors according to the value of the X register CSIZE Character size CSIZE Character SIZE selects the character size The value of the X register must be
32. 00 All these files have been read TEXTE A040 by READEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR READEM 1 After putting the file name in the ALPHA register XEQ READEM copies this file from the mass memory medium to X Memory 2 If there is no HP IL ROM NO HPIL is displayed 3 If the file is not on the medium FL NOT FOUND is displayed 4 If there is not enough space in X Memory NO ROOM is displayed In this case add one or two XMEMORY ROM 5 If the HP IL ROM is plug in but there is no mass memory device on the loop NO DRIVE is displayed 6 If the file specified was not created by WRTEM FLTYPE ERR is displayed Note Before loading a set of files READEM purges the X Memory STACK The stack is unaffected by READEM INVERSE FUNCTION WRTEM 101 WRTEM Write Extended Memory file WRTEM WRiTe Extended Memory copies all the extended memory to a mass medium HP82161A Tape drive or HP9114 Example Keystrokes Display XEQ EMDIR MATRP P012 A D100 All these files TEXTE A040 were read with READEM ALPHA MAT3 ALPHA 600 00 Put the file name in ALPHA XEQ WRTEM 600 00 All the X Memory files have been written on the mass medium INSTRUCTION FOR WRTEM 1 Put in the ALPHA register the file name in which all the X Memory should be saved then XEQ WRTEM copies all the X Memory to this file 2 If there is no HP IL ROM NO HPIL is displayed 3 If there is a file with the same name on the mass mediu
33. 12 1 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 23 4 5 2 17 The stack is unchanged by the execution of RGORD Now is time for the experimental findings ARRAY B When first experimenting with this function I used RGINIT to put 1 2 N into the registers so I would have some quick data to mess with Since the data was positive and in ascending order the function seemed to work fine It was only when I executed the function a second time in succession on the results it had generated after the initialization that I noticed inconsistencies Note below the data in descending order and the resulting values after the execution of the data Th O Data 16 14 12 10 8 Expected results 1 2 3 4 5 Actual results 5 2 3 1 e part of the data results get even more outrageous when negative numbers ar Data 20 30 12 10 8 Expected results 4 5 1 2 3 Actual results 5 22 2 3 1 This function seems to work great with positive numbers and with no more than two registers I will continue to experiment and see if specific flags need to be set or cleared and or if there needs to be another module such as the EXTENDED I O or HPIL 79 RGXTR Extract Register Address Disclaimer The following discussion is the result of spectulation and experimentation There was no more information to go on than the name of the function RGXTR found in the PANAME ROM This discussion is inc
34. 13
35. 23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 14 15 21 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 7 13 19 20 F R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 0 6 12 18 24 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 23 4 5 11 17 R45 R46 R47 R48 R49 16 22 3 9 10 Display 25 04505 lst column pointer 32 00000 Sum of elements 28 04805 4th column pointer 28 04805 Negative 60 00000 Sum of absolute values INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGSUM RGSUM returns to the X register the sum of the registers specified in the X register If the pointer in the X register is negative RGSUM performs the sum of the absolute values of the registers STACK Input Ts t Z Z Y y X Pointer L 1 Output Ts t Ai 2 Y y X Sum L Pointer 81 APPLICATION PROGRAMS FOR RGSUM 1 In the array F one wants to put in the 3rd column the percentage of the values of the 4th column related to its sum Keystrokes 3 RCL 00 COLPT 2 LAST X COLPT RGCOPY XEQ RGSUM LAST X X lt gt Y 100 X lt gt Y RG Y Now array F is column line n21 line n22 line n23 line n24 line n25 Display 27 04705 Destination pointer 26 04605 Origin pointer 27 04705 Copy the 2nd column to the 3rd one 60 00000 Sum of elements 60 00000 Save the pointer 0 60000 To calculate the percentage 27 04705 End nel n22 n23 n24 ness R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 14 15 25 2 8 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 7 13 21 6 20 1 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 0 6 10 18 24 ARRAY F R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 23 4 6 6 11 17 R45
36. 75 crv Y 22 16 6 54 36 v 86 56 v 118 76 cTLW s 23 17 7 55 37 w 87 57 w 119 77 cTLX Sy 24 18 8 56 38 x 88 58 x 120 78 cTLY Fm 25 19 9 57 39 Y 89 59 y 121 79 ctLZ s 26 1A 58 3A z 90 5A z 122 7A ctl e 27 1B 59 3B 91 5B 123 7B cth s 28 1C lt 60 3C 92 5C 124 7C cTL el 29 1D 61 3D 1 93 5D y 125 7D cTLA Fs 30 1 gt 62 3E 94 5E 126 7E fo a ee le 1F 63 3F 95 5F 127 7F 46 MINIPLOTTER FUNCTION GROUP Several Miniplotters can be used with the HP 41 TANDY CANON have the same mechanics and the same command set Of course the miniplotter should be interfaced with the HP IL loop with the HP82166A GP IO interface Several firms commercialize HP IL interfaced miniplotters or a converter and parallel interface which can be used with such miniplotters These miniplotters main characteristics are 4 colors The print head is in fact a set of 4 mini ball pen The color can be changed either by program or by a switch during plotting 11 4 cm paper in roll It is possible to draw or plot on the length of the paper so one can print large charts Refer to the EXAMPLE Horizontally you can print 80 c l Of course these miniplotters can be used with other HP IL controllers such as
37. A and based on its decimal code in the X register XTOAR Adds the last character of ALPHA and based on its decimal code in the X register Y N Simplify programs that during their execution ask a question for which the answer is YES or NO YTOAX Replaces the character at X in ALPHA by Y 82160 HPIL INTERFACE FUNCTION GROUP This group of functions will make the HP82160 HPIL interface easier to use These functions work with the HP82160 to get information about the devices on the loop and to send alpha characters and output commands to the devices HP IL protocol provides two ways to identify a device on the loop device ID accessory ID The device ID is a string of data messages that may include the device model number and any other information that the device manufacturer wishes to provide A Hewlett Packard device ID is an ASCII coded character string with the letters HP followed by a 5 character model number and a revision letter and terminated by a carriage return line feed For example the device ID for the HP 82905A printer is the string HP82905A The accessory ID is a numeric code that identifies a device by its general type The code is one eight bit byte decimal value from 0 to 255 Each group of 16 accessory ID numbers forms a device class whose number the first four bits of the accessory ID can be obtained by dividing the accessory ID by 16 and taking the integer part Each entry in a class is specified b
38. B X Y TABulate moves the cursor to position x y The column number is specified by the absolute value of X and the line number by that of Y INSTRUCTIONS FOR XYTAB Put in X the column number in Y the line number and execute XYTAB Appendix V Sequences sent to the primary device by the HP82163 FCNS group ESC represents the escape character decimal code 27 Function s Sequence Characters codes CLEAR ESC E 27 69 CLEARO ESC J 27 74 CSRDN CSRVX for X gt 0 ESC B 27 66 CSRL CSRHX for X lt 0 BS 08 CSROFF ESC lt 27 60 CSRON ESC gt 27 62 CSRR CSRHX for X gt 0 ESC C 27 67 CSRUP CSRVX for X lt 0 ESCA 27 65 CTYPE for X 0 ESC Q 27 81 CTYPE for X 1 or 1 ESC R 27 82 HOME ESC H 27 72 SCRLDN SCRLX for X gt 0 ESC T 27 84 SCRLUP SCRLX for X lt 0 ESC S 27 83 XYTAB ESC c I 27 37 col In 34 82162 THERMAL PRINTER FUNCTION GROUP This group of functions makes easier the operation of the HP82162A Thermal Printer You will be able to use every feature of this printer even the one not described in the manual These features are Two different sets of characters A parse mode An absolute dot level tabulation function independent from any data yet in the printer buffer The possibility to obtain status information from the printer These functions work on the first HP82162A printer on the loop starting from the primary device If no HP82162A printer is found on the loop the error message NO 82162
39. D X TRANSFER FUNCTIONS ATOXL Transfer leftmost character of ALPHA to X ATOXL Alpha TO X Left deletes the first character of ALPHA and returns its decimal code to the X register ATOXR Transfer rightmost character of ALPHA to X ATOXR Alpha TO X Right deletes the last character of ALPHA and returns its decimal code to the X register ATOXX Transfer specified character of ALPHA to X ATOXX Alpha TO X by X returns to the X register the character of ALPHA specified by the value of the X register The ALPHA register is unmodified XTOAL Transfer X to leftmost character of ALPHA XTOAL X TO Alpha Left Opposite of ATOXL Inserts a character in the leftmost part of the ALPHA register based on its decimal code in the X register XTOAR Transfer X to rightmost character of ALPHA XTOAL X TO Alpha Right Opposite of ATOXR Inserts a character in the rightmost part of the ALPHA register based on its decimal code in the X register YTOAX Transfer character specified in Y to ALPHA at X YTOAX Y TO Alpha by X Similar to ATOXX Returns the character specified by the decimal code in the Y register to the ALPHA register at the position specified by the X register This replaces the character at that position For X gt 0 the positioning is from left to right for X lt 0 it s from right to left 97 INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATOXL ATOXR ATOXX XTOAL XTOAR YTOAX 1 ATOXL deletes the
40. E To draw a line of 40 _ stands for the SPACE character strings on a HP82905B printer use the following sequence The printer must be the main device _ SF 17 40 OUTAX ADV Related functions HPIL ROM OUTA MANIO SELECT are used to select the device OUTCR OUTput Carriage Return OUTCR send a CR character to the main device Carriage Return decimal code 13 OUTLF OUTput Line Feed OUTLF sends a LF character to the main device Line Feed decimal code 10 OUTLFX OUTput Line Feeds by X OUTLFX sends one or several LF characters to the main device Line Feed decimal code 10 The number of characters is specified by the absolute value of the X register O lt X lt 999 Instructions for OUTLFX Put the number of LF characters to be sent in the X register and execute OUTLFX 23 OUTSPX Output space characters OUTSPX OUT put SPaces by X sends the number of space characters decimal code 32 specified by the absolute value of the X register 0 lt X lt 999 to the primary device INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTSPX Put in the X register the number of space characters to be sent to the primary device and execute OUTSPX EXAMPLE Numerous printers have no tabulation functions The OUTSPX function replaces it quite well For instance the program OUTAT sends to the printer an alphabetical string of a given length L representing the string in the ALPHA register followed if ne
41. ENTER XEQ ROOTS x 3 and RDN x 2 For the second one 1 ENTER 2 ENTER 3 XEQ ROOTS x 1 and RDN x 0 3333 This example illustrates the easiness given by the arithmetic done directly in the stack Example 2 HCD Higher Common Divisor of 2 numbers 01 LBL HCD LBL 02 MOD LASTx X lt gt Y X 0 GTO 02 END 91 ENTER 65 XEQ HCD X 13 00 In this example you must put the two numbers in the X and Y registers and the result is returned to the X register 112 Example 3 reduced fraction The calculation of the HCD is normally done to get the reduced form of a fraction Also with the HCD of a fraction it is easy to get the SCM Smallest Common Multiplier or lowest common denominator 01 LBL RF STO Z X lt gt Y STO T XEQ HCD ST Z ST Y RDN ST Z END Application 91 ENTER 65 XEQ RF returns X 5 and Y 7 so 91 65 7 5 the HCD and the SCM of 91 and 65 are Z 455 and T 13 Example 4 calculation with two fractions The general rule given above is verified here because this operation uses four numbers LBL F X lt gt Y LBL F ST Z RDN ST Z RDN GTO RF 09 LBL F CHS LBL F ST T X lt gt Z ST Z RCL Z X lt gt Y GTO RF END Application Which resistance should be put in parallel with a 100 ohms resistor to get a result of 80 ohms 1 ENTERA 80 ENTER 1 ENTER 100 XEQ F So it is a 400 ohms one These examples illustrate quite well the powerful capacities of the stack 1
42. GVIEW 3 RGVIEW works like a CATalog SST and BST are allowed STACK Input Output T t Ts Z Z Z Z Y y Y y X pointer X pointer L 1 L previous pointer 84 OPERATIONS BETWEEN REGISTERS RG Addition or subtraction of two vectors RG ReGisters or adds or subtracts element to element two vectors which pointers are in registers X and Y The sign of the X register specifies the kind of operation RG Multiplication of two vectors element to element RG ReGisters multiplies the two vectors element to element which pointers are in registers X and Ye RG Divide two vectors element to element RG ReGisters divides element to element the two vectors which pointers are in the X and Y registers Example in the Array below replace the 1st column by the addition element to element of the 3rd and 1st column then calculate the square of the 4th column elements finally divide each of the squares by the 4 first elements of the first line The array pointer is saved in register ROO Array before execution Note Indicated in each square is the register number and its initial value column nel n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n2 1 142 20 857 40 1 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n2 2 285 12 714 14 2 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n2 3 428 22 571 24 3 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n2 4 714 32 285 34 4
43. HFLAG execution does not affect the stack N B The ALPHA register is not changes by CHFLAG The character string represents a set of flags it is not for the ALPHA register One must not put a test instruction before CHFLAG as ISG or X Y Ex FS 01 If the flag is set CHFLAG Reinitializes the calculator Initialization string If the test is negative Flag 01 clear the ALPHA register is destroyed by the configuration string CHFLAG only saves flags 00 to 43 104 FOO to F10 user s flags F11 Automatic execution of current program at power on or after reading one from mass memory F12 to F20 External device commands F12 and F13 F15 and F16 are used by the printer F12 Double width F13 Lower case letters F15 F16 Printing mode of HP IL printer 0 0 Manual 0 1 Normal 1 0 Trace 1 1 Trace and stack printing F16 F17 CR LF ignored F18 F19 F20 F21 Printing possible F22 set by a numeric input F23 set by an alphanumeric input F24 Out of range ignored F25 Error ignored F26 Beep on F27 User mode F28 Decimal separator type F29 Three digit groups separator F31 DMY mode of TIME ROM F32 MANIO mode on HP IL ROM F34 ADROFF mode on EXTENDED I O F35 Auto start enable AUTOSTART DUPLICATION ROM F36 to F39 Number of digits for FIX SCI ENG F40 and F41 Display mode F42 and F43 Angular mode 105 NOP No Operation NOP No OPeration is used after a test when the
44. L 60 STO gt L 70 STO gt L 80 STO gt L column nel n22 n23 ne4 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n2 1 50 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n2 2 60 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY A line n2 3 70 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n2 4 80 71 RG RG prefix RG is a function which makes easier the entry of functions beginning with RG This function should be assigned to a key For instance assign RG to the LN key ASN RG 15 Keystrokes ASN ALPHA R G ALPHA LN Put the calculator in USER mode Now to execute or program a function beginning with RG for instance RGVIEW hit the following keys RG LN key ALPHA V I E W ALPHA This sequence is equivalent to XEQ ALPHA R G V 1 E W ALPHA So you save 2 keystrokes every time you use a function beginning with RG INSTRUCTIONS FOR RG 1 Assign RG to a key and set USER mode 2 To execute or input a function beginning with RG RG Assigned previously ALPHA function name without the first 2 letters ex SUM for RGSUM ALPHA 72 RGAX Registers to ALPHA or ALPHA to registers RGAX ReGisters Alpha by X performs two functions 1 If X lt 0 it copies the ALPHA register to the registers specified by the register pointer in the X register 2 If X gt 0 it appends the registers specified by the register pointer in the X register to the ALPHA register Example The strin
45. LES 1 To display a string in inverse video mode on the HP82163 video interface you have to add 128 to each character code before sending the string to the interface The OUTa function does it automatically So to display a string in inverse video select the interface as the primary device put the string in the ALPHA register and execute OUTa Flag 17 enables or disables the sending of an End of line sequence 2 Some printers can automatically underline if you add 128 to the code of the character code to be underline The OUTa function makes this operation easier with such printers 3 There are two ways to use special characters on the HP82903B Using the secondary character set mode which give new meanings to the codes 32 to 127 Using characters with codes higher than 127 The second method is very easy to use with the OUTa function OUTaX OUTa with repetition by X OUTaX executes several times the OUTa function refer to it The absolute value of the X register specifies the number of OUTas to be performed If flag 17 is clear an End of line indicator CR and LF decimal codes 13 and 10 is sent after each string If flag 17 is set the string is send several times without any other character INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTaX Put the string in the ALPHA register the number of OUTas to be performed in the X register set or clear flag 17 see above then execute OUTaX EXAMPLE To display a line of 16 strings i
46. PANAME ROM Functions and Array Handling Routines for the HP 41 Reference Handbook PANAME ROM PRE A CE iii ne a aa arar aaa arar aE aE aaa anar aD aaa aa arah arabai aani nihan 6 WARNING ii iccassciciaicieiciniestiatasgudsdhavesavsbaveateutieeanasanentunteuniieabarestunboveanaativentvalosniges 8 FUNCTION OVERVIE Wioposnamnanarananandnan anna nana 9 82160 HPIL INTERFACE FUNCTION GROUP cooococcccccccccccncccccccnncccnnnnnnnaaancnnns 17 AIDA eee Pe eg a TEA A AAA eae 19 Appendix Cristi i eae ae eat gpd aha aie abe eee wed nel aban ae ied 2 19 NO 20 IN ces cdeecdentieviegecdcuidystucviegscdebivntuevicguedevidgs teevieghedevitguauevi epyedevidy vtusviepbedsvicpvauevicghsasvidoves 21 OUT ii eee es hae a ue ee eA eee Aaa Eee Wa Eee oe 22 OUTAX i415 oh ea a eee ee ea eee aa ete dae 23 QUIER a2 obec eee iat tiles sist My esi ead aay Ad eee a ere ea aad 23 OUTER iia ch ee hai ela ea eh aye ede ea eee aa ete dated 23 OUTLEX ire obi ea he hab eae ae ee eee Ad Eee a Een 23 OUTSPX A bah tela eh ee ea eee aah etd eta 24 QUIXB rot oda eb eae ae ed ed ie Adee a a Eee ai tii 25 QUIPYBX aara hia ee ahaa eel aa are aan eat ee 25 OUT A A ees Hance eine A y Sees needa Decne RS 26 OUT sets ceed aces Set i Recline Hees take Shes odes See na Sees dba Hac LA ae Se Seca ede See cna he ales Seca ae de Pee cea 26 REESEL nia ia Seki ke shen sec acess Shea Pasta asd aso A PR de Saas a IA Se 27 82163 VIDEO INTERFACE FUNCTION GROUP oocccccccccnnnccccccccccnnncnnnnanan
47. ReGisters INITialize performs two kinds of initializations If X gt 0 RGINIT puts zero in all the registers specified by the pointer in the X register If X lt 0 RGINIT puts integers from 1 to N in the registers specified by the pointer in the X register Example In the array B which pointer is saved in register ROO columns 3 and 5 will be zeroed then the columns will be numbered from 1 to 5 throughout the first line column nel n22 n93 n24 n25 line n21 a b c d e line n22 f g h i j R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 k 1 m n o line n24 p q r s t Keystrokes Display 3 RCL 00 COLPT 27 04205 3rd column pointer XEQ RGINIT 27 04205 Initialize 3rd column to zero 5 LASTx COLPT 29 04405 5th column pointer XEQ RGINIT 29 04405 Initialize 5th column to zero 1 LASTx LINPT CHS 25 02900 Negative sign to indicate an XEQ RGINIT 25 02900 initialization with integers 1 to N column nel n22 n23 n24 ne5 line n21 1 2 3 4 5 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 f g i i i R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 k 1 n line n24 p q i s i INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGINIT 1 When the register pointer in the X register is positive the specified registers are initialized to zero 2 When the register pointer in the X register is negative the specified registers are initialized with integers starting with 1 and incrementing it by 1 for each register up t
48. Suppose that the array pointer is in register ROO Keystrokes Display 3 RCL 00 COLPT 27 04205 Destination pointer 1 LAST X COLPT 25 04005 Origin pointer XEQ RGCOPY 27 04205 Destination pointer RGVIEW list the 3rd column R27 1 R42 16 1 RCL 00 LINPT 25 02900 lst Pointer 2 LAST X COLPT CHS 26 04105 2nd pointer RG COPY 25 02900 The stack moved down The final array is column nel n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 2 7 12 17 5 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 6 1 6 9 10 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 11 1 11 14 15 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 16 4 16 19 20 74 INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGCOPY 1 The sign of the pointer in the X register specifies if the registers have to be copied X gt 0 or swapped X lt 0 2 Copy is performed from the registers specified by the pointer in the X register to the registers specified by the pointer in the Y register At the end the stack moves down 3 Swap is done between the registers specified in the X and Y registers If there is no overlapping swap begins with the lower register number If there is overlapping the calculator begins one way or another so that no information is lost STACK Input Output Ts E Ts t Z Z Z t Y Destination pointer Y Zz X Origin pointer X Destination pointer E 1 L Origin pointer 75 RGINIT Initialization of registers by X RGINIT
49. TIONS RG Y Add constant to registers RG Y ReGisters Y adds the Y register value to the registers specifies by the X register RG Y Multiply registers by constant RG Y ReGisters Y multiplies the registers specified by the X register by the Y register value RG Y Divide registers by constant RG Y ReGisters by Y divides the registers specified by the X register by the Y register value Example In Array B below subtract 5 from the first column multiply the 3rd line by 2 divide the 5th column by 6 The array pointer is saved in register ROO column nel n22 n23 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 1 2 3 4 5 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 6 7 8 9 10 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 11 12 13 14 15 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 16 17 18 19 20 Keystrokes Display CHS ENTER 5 00000 Input the constant 1 RCL 00 25 04405 COLPT 25 04005 First column pointer RG y 25 04405 Pointer of result vector You can check that R25 R30 R35 R40 contains respectively 4 1 6 and 11 it is the first column of the array 2 ENTER 2 00000 Input the constant 3 RCL 00 25 04405 LINPT 35 03900 3rd column pointer RG Y 35 03900 Now the 3rd line values have been multiplied by 2 R35 12 R36 24 R37 26 R38 28 R39 30 87 6 ENTER 5 RCL 00 COLPT RG Y 6 00000 Input constant 25 04405 29 04405 5t
50. X 27 0420503 27 bbb 1st register in main memory 42 eee last register in main memory 05 ii increment for main memory registers 03 jj increment for X Memory registers XEQ GETRGX copies the registers as specified by the pointer in the X register the result is represented on the second drawing Part of the Extended Functions found in the X FUNCTIONS module or built into the HP 41CX 64 col In 1 ln 2 ln 3 ln 4 FIGURE 1 DATA Array A main FIGURE 2 RESULTS AFTER GETRGX memory nel n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 A B Cc D E R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 F G H I J R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 K L M N 0 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 Q R S T U Array A main memory col n21 n22 n23 n24 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 A B b D E R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 F G e I J R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 K L h N O R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 Q R k T U in in in in in in in in col nel Array B X Memory nel n22 n23 R11 R12 R13 a b c R14 R15 R16 d e f R17 R18 R19 g h i R20 R21 R22 J k l Array B X Memory nel ne2 n23 R11 R12 R13 a b c R14 R15 R16 d e f R17 R18 R19 g h i R20 R21 R22 J k 1 65 SAVERGX Save registers to X memory SAVERGX SAVE ReGisters by X copies the specified registers to the current data file in X MEMORY starting from the pointer and following the increment
51. Y N is ignored and the program resumes execution at the second line after Y N As for a false test ie the X Y function in the HP41 user manual Any other key is ignored 109 Appendix ON Now MEMORY LOST is not the only special switch on function With the PANAME ROM 6 new functions are possible when you switch on the HP 41 Note ON represents the function performed when you hit the ON key while the key is down Also you must release ON before For instance with ON lt you get a MEMORY LOST ON Change the numeric display format from the American one 1 234 25 to the European one 1 234 25 This function is built in the HP 1x calculators In fact ON toggles flag 28 ON K Clear all user key assignments ON A Set the ALPHA key assignment set to the top rows If one key was assigned its assignment is not modified ATOXL ALENG ATOXX ANUMDEL ATOXR XTOAL AROT YTOAX ANUM XTOAR ON M Like ON A but with the following Matrix or array key assignments set 110 ON T Like ON A but with the following ploTter key assignments set AXIS BOX SETORG RMOVE CSIZE HOME RESET LABEL MOVE LDIR PLREGX REVLFX BACKSPX RDRAW LTYPE OUT DRAW COLOR l ON V Like ON A but with the following Video key assignments set SCRLUP CLEAR XYTAB CTYPE HOME SCRLDN CLEARO CSRL CSRR SCRLX
52. all controlled by X X bbb eeeiijj Example The pointer in the current data file DATA in X MEMORY is on 10 25 0440510 XEQ SAVERGX copies registers 25 30 35 from main memory to 10 20 30 in the X Memory file INSTRUCTIONS FOR GETRGX 1 Set the current file pointer to the right position with SEEKPT or SEEKPTA 2 The number in the X register is a bbb eeeiijj pointer bbb is the first main memory register and eee is the last main memory register from which you want to copy the data set to the X Memory file ii is the increment for the main memory registers and jj the increment for the X Memory registers 3 XEQ SAVERGX copies the data from the main memory registers to the current X Memory file as specified by the pointer in the X register STACK The stack is unchanged by GETRGX APPLICATION PROGRAMS The figure below represent two arrays the left one is in main memory the right one is in X Memory In each square is indicated the register number and its value a letter Set the X Memory pointer to the first register to copy with 12 SEEKPT To copy the 3rd column of array A in main memory to the second column of the array B in X Memory put in the X register the pointer of the 3rd column of array A 27 04205 and add the increment for the X Memory registers 03 as 6th and 7th decimal digits X 27 0420503 27 bbb 1st register in main memory 42 eee last register in main memory 05 ii incre
53. anannnns 29 CEEAR it dd vote baa aaa 31 CLARO Gb doc 31 ESKD Nic A AA AA dh Re 31 CSRHX sta a ts Beer ee Si ee te 31 CSR chai tent seen Gath A ke A a en ee tee eee ete 32 CSROPE odiada cit bes taste oad benched tao da ida eee beaten ag 32 CSRON sais dace a pence dade nadie tance ee Sako hae a rd lid 32 CORR in NN 32 NS NN 32 ESRUP ud dd dd dd tddi dal it 32 CTYPE ui at did ltd lia tad dde tdi tur cbse da dali 33 HOME tddi ltd ido Ol 33 SEREDN AE ATE EA A TA E T AA EA A EA OEA 33 SEREUP id td da td AA E de dalt OAE 33 IE d ela hada dan dee eth Gane anaes ata dae eae 33 XY PAB AEE NA N ache cabs coicceet ashe bn cstashstashe aibsestcshetadte ahasai E A E EN 34 NP PEN GLX Vat a e all hae amie hace eases hich een ante aes 34 82162 THERMAL PRINTER FUNCTION GROUP ss seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeees 35 Bt td A ches eta a feed a Seanad el at ok heres 37 ESCAPE comida is idad tad da da 37 PARSE iio andado E Aa 37 CLBUR caminan ainda 37 UNPA RSE a io daa 38 STATUS iii idad diana 39 Appendix liar 40 82905 80 COLUMN PRINTER FUNCTION GROUP cocnnnnccoccccccccccccnnnnnnnannnnn 41 BELL a E A N T E EEE A ia 43 CHARSET oela a aaea a e EAE ste bad ec EAE E a AEN 43 E BD A E E itis coe E EE N A E nates E T EA acaS 43 FORMEN i 43 GRADO iaa 43 MODE 20 A ao te ate eat eet een a ete 44 SKIPOEE aaa 44 SKTPON aaa 44 TEXTLEN eencisei ccs cdensdensiens ii id ii iii 44 VSPA Coil Pi o dd ead Wade a Ed e Ed tee e aai 44 Appendix NO 45 Roman 8
54. and end with RTN or END Therefore it is possible to divide a complicated program into a sequence of easier ones and so on according to the valuable principles of ascending programming The problems of data handling are left to lower level subroutines while the logical sequence of the program is clearly visible at the higher levels This programming technique has numerous advantages It becomes very difficult to make mistakes while designing the different stages of a program If an error occurs it is easy to correct because the error is quickly located within a small number of instructions It is also very easy to test each subroutine to see if the output is consistent with a given input Finally some subroutines happen to be so useful that one may wish to have an assembly language version of them This module is a good illustration of that Most functions included in the PANAME ROM were first created as subroutines in user language and published in 1982 The conception of the array handling techniques and of most of the functions are from this period PROGRAMMING THE HP 41 The HP 41 has three programming levels Programs are in fact a sequence of routines eventually with tests in between Always designed for a specific purpose the program illustrates the strategic importance of the programmer s ability A program must be understandable when reading it and it must include documentation Routines represent the tactical si
55. ave the primary device selection at the beginning of a program which might modify it and to restore it upon program termination Use RCLSEL STO nn at the beginning and RCL nn SELECT at the end 27 28 82163 VIDEO INTERFACE FUNCTION GROUP This group of functions will make the HP82163 video easier to use A full control of the video interface is possible without escape sequences or control characters For instance to clear the screen or to move the cursor down CLEAR and CRSDN CuRSor DowN are used For all these functions the primary device must be the video interface For the different ways to select a device refer to the functions FINDAID in this manual and FINDID in the HPIL ROM HP82160A owner s manual In AUTOIO mode if the primary device has a device identity other than 48 standard video interface an AID ERR error message is displayed However in MANIO mode this error checking is not performed So one can use these functions with video interfaces such as the Mountain Computer MC00701A AID 50 PAC TEXT AID 48 or KRISTAL MINITEL interface AID 48 For further information on escape sequences refer to Appendix V KRISTAL Chemin des Clos Zirst 38240 MEYLAN FRANCE information processing systems interfaces and technical applications instrumentation and OEM approved HP ICC 29 30 CLEAR CLEAR the display CLEAR clears the display sets the cursor to position 0 0 and selects the replacemen
56. ay 74 PROMPT Key listing can be Halted for a while if you press any other key than R S or ON Ended with the ON or R S key ON also switches off the calculator Note VKEYS is not programmable 106 X lt gt F Swap the X register and flags 0 7 The X lt gt F function swaps the X register and an imaginary register F which represents the status of flags 0 7 This representation is an integer in the range 0 255 which is the sum of the values related to the flags set lag Value 1 F 0 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 For instance if flags 0 1 and 3 are set and flags 2 4 5 6 and 7 are cleared the F register value is 1 value of flag 0 2 value of flag 1 8 value of flag 3 11 INSTRUCTIONS FOR X lt gt F To swap the current status of flags 0 7 with a new one 1 Calculate ie above the number related to the new status of flags 0 7 and put it in the X register 2 Execute X lt gt F Now the X register number specified the old status of flags 0 7 and flags 0 7 are set to the new status APPLICATION PROGRAM FOR X lt gt F The XFLAGS program gives up to 80 new flags With these extended flags 0 79 one can Set the Nth X flag Put N in the X register and XSF Clear the Nth X flag Put N in the X register and execute XCF Test the Nth X flag Put N in the X register and execute XFS Consequently flag 08 of the HP41 reflects the status set or cleared of t
57. cal character used APPX Appends the integer part of the X register to the left of the ALPHA register string AROT Rotates the ALPHA register string by the number of characters specified by the X register ATOXL Deletes the first character of ALPHA and returns its decimal code to the X register ATOXR Deletes the last character of ALPHA and returns its decimal code to the X register 13 ATOXX Returns to the X register the character of ALPHA specified by the value of the X register BLDPT Builds a pointer in X starting from the elements present in Z Y and X If X gt 0 X zzz yyyxx If X lt 0 X code of matrix such as Z first register of the table Y a number of lines IXI a number of columns BRKPT Break up the X register into three numerical values CHFLAG During the construction of the program the user defines a state of the HP 41 by using the usual instructions in calculation mode In program mode XEQ CHFLAG places in the program 2 lines 01 CHFLAG 02 unusual alpha string During the execution of the program the 2 lines will configure the computer in accordance with the situation defines in the moment of the programming CLINC Deletes increments in X register i e starting from the 4th digit after the decimal point COLPT Returns a pointer from the column number in Y and the array pointer in X GETRGX Copy the data of the current X memory file where the pointer is to the registers in
58. cessary by several space characters If the string in the ALPHA register is longer than L it is shortened to the first L characters 1 The string length is limited to 24 characters because of the size of the ALPHA register OUTAT use Put the string length L in the X register Type the string in the ALPHA register Execute OUTAT The OUTAT program destroys registers X T LASTx and sets flag 17 Note L must be a positive integer number Listing of OUTAT LBL OUTAT ALENG X gt Y GTOOI LBLO2 SF17 OUTA OUTSPX RTN LBLO1 DSEY NOP CLX 1E2 SUBS CLX GTO02 END Note The text is left justified To print a text right justified just swap OUTAT and OUTSPX in OUTAT 1 In this case the ALPHA register is modified by OUTAT 24 OUTXB Send a character by its decimal code OUTXB sends to the primary device the character which decimal code is specified by the absolute value of the X register This value must be in the range 0 255 INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTXB Put the decimal code of the character in the X register and execute OUTXB EXAMPLE To send to the printer the character Decimal code 92 use the sequence 92 OUTXB OUTYBX Send a character several times by its decimal code OUTYBX sends to the primary device one or several times a character which decimal code is specified by the absolute value of the Y register The absolute value of the X register specifies the number of characters to send
59. ctly 25 15_ into the register 25 15 _ exactly as normal keyboard 25 15 2 input 26 2 000000 Validate data 25 0 15000 verification 26 2 000000 Set ALPHA mode 26 ABCDEF_ Up to 6 characters 26 BCDEFG_ are allowed 26 BCDEF_ It is possible to correct 26 BCDEF Validation and verification 27 A The ALPHA mode is still on 27 3 000000 Numeric mode 27 1 2_ 27 3 000000 Unchanged no validation with R S 25 044000 Exit 2 6 25 044052 Array pointer RIEN A Array name Al 1 0 150000 Al 2 BCDEF A1 3 3 000000 Al 4 4 000000 A2 1 6 000000 Al 5 5 000000 Al 5 19 5_ A2 1 _ A2 2 7 000000 A2 1 0 000000 6 6 Only the last character is used as the array name stepping in the array is automatic R S halts it The element coordinates are displayed on the left Quick and clear array input is possible 83 RCL 00 CHS 25 044056 RGVIEW Al 0 1500000 SST A2 0 000000 lt 3 RCL 00 COLPT 27 042050 6 EEX 6 CHS 27 042056 CHS RGVIEW Al 3 000000 ALPHA LUNDI Al LUNDI_ R S MARDI A2 MARDI_ R S MERCR A3 MERCR R S JEUDI R S ALPHA 27 042056 4 EEX 6 CHS ENTER 0 000004 3 RCL 00 COLPT 27 042054 CHS RGVIEW LUNDI 29 LUNDI 29 R S 12 MARDI 12_ R S BST 12 000000 lt 1 EEX 6 CHS 1 6 RCL 00 RGVIEW 25 0 150000 35 11 000000 40 16 000000 25 044051 INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGVIEW Vector pointer lst element
60. de of programming A routine should be short fast memory saving and modify as few variables as possible It does a specific task They are general enough to be used several times in a program even in different programs They are liable to stay permanently in memory A standardization of programming techniques saves time and effort If a routine has all these conditions it can be considered as a new function for the HP 41 language an illustration of the last quality of this language Its capacity to evolve Assembly language functions They are the elements of the language itself A function should be general even more so than a routine The two authors of this module provide us with a coherent group of more than 120 new functions FIRST CONCEPT PERIPHERALS HANDLING One should use this module s functions to realize what simplifications they provide when dealing with peripherals Either using video or printer functions a lot of time is saved when running a program or creating it Plain language instructions instead of escape sequences represents the same enhancement as reading SIN instead of 31 04 CLEAR is better than 27 ACCHR 69 ACCHR OUTA it is more intelligible and it works in trace mode From this point of view the PANAME ROM is a great enhancement and it solves problems which had virtually no solution before ANOTHER CONCEPT ARRAYS HANDLING How many times did we hear that the HP 41 was not designed for array handling N
61. dina 74 O TO OA 76 REND uta iii iia isa 77 RGORD Cuota loto oral E mirar iii 78 ROX TR ir A EA AA R A a T 80 RESUM A A A tc 81 RGVIEW a R E A ali 83 OPERATIONS BETWEEN REGISTERS o0 ecceessceseceeseceesseeceseecesnecesaeeesaeecsaeeceseeseaeeesaeensaeeres 85 RGH onr ati 85 RG e a EE A A E A T RE 85 ROA tias 85 SCALAR TO REGISTERS OPERATIONS cceeccessscessseeesneeesneeessneeesaeessaeecsseeesseesesaeeesaeessaeeees 87 RN tica 87 RA e eee 87 RU anos 87 ATEN den ecos loc 89 ANUM a A ready deer lane a 90 ANUMDED ft sevens a Me ed ee 91 APR Xe sti ten A ee eee 93 ARO Tinni O ee a 94 POS A cui A A A da 95 SUBS ut A A AA Aa 96 ALPHA AND X TRANSFER FUNCTIONS gt 00 ceeceesceseseesseeesseeeesaecesaeessaeecsaeeesaeessaeeesaeessaeeee 97 ATOM sieht ees he E A cee A ea ea 97 AT OXR ii A en Me ed eee eae 97 ATOX X oa td Ta 97 ADAL a dd ita 97 XTOA Rocio EE EE a A A AE a ed 97 A TOA do ea lia at caida 97 MEMORY ALLOCATION FUNCTIONS cc ceeccceesceeescecesneeesneeesneeeeseeeesaeessaeeeseessaeesaeeesaees 100 PSIZE iaa states as ate E E tio 100 SEA a id Ud LA aa 100 READEM seca tis cese ses ce ena dns ees ddente ees A A EA EARSTE AAA RE iaavacebadena cube cauneesaceuseeees 101 WIRE A a A S E T 102 ALOI D iia EEE E E EE was echoes atone eu aaa 103 CHELA riada a A a a e ae E E A EE AU te hae A ORE 104 NOP lutitas ced tie 106 PED ed teases NN 106 VREYS tarada iia iaa 106 E 107 O 108 MAN ac aaia a 109 Append ON iaa 110
62. e ALPHA register without destruction An operation on a device returns to the ALPHA register the following string 68 2 69 88 a number a space a number To separately extract two numbers to be used in a program the following sequence can be used Input Display CF 28 XEQ ANUM 68 2000 Return the first number to the X register STO 20 68 2000 Store for future use 32 32_ Space code XEQ XTOAR 32 0000 Add a space to the right of the ALPHA string XEQ POSA 4 0000 Search the first space in the ALPHA register XEQ AROT 4 0000 Rotate the string ALPHA contains 69 88 68 2 Without a space ALPHA would contain 69 8868 2 XEQ ANUM 69 8800 Return 69 88 to the X register 94 POSA Position of an string in ALPHA POSA POSition in Alpha searches the ALPHA register from left to right for the character or string specified in the X register Example 1 The string ABCDEFGHIJ is in the ALPHA register what is the position of the 1st D character Keystrokes Display 68 68_ D character code XEQ POSA 3 0000 lst D character position Example 2 ALPHA CLA DEF ASTO X ABCDEFGHIJ ALPHA XEQ POSA X 3 00 INSTRUCTIONS FOR POSA 1 POSA searches the ALPHA register from left to right for the character or string specified in the X register The string can be specified either by giving a character code or by putting the string or character in the X register with ASTO X If
63. e last register of the data set and ii is the number of registers between sets Put bbb in the Z register Put eee in the Y register Put ii in the X register Execute BLDPT 2 To build a bbb eeecc array pointer where bbb specifies the address of the first register used by the array eee specifies the last register used by the array and cc the number of columns Put bbb in the Z register Put the number of lines of the array in the Y register Put the number of columns cc of the array in the X register with a negative sign Execute BLDPT Note If either the X Y Z register contains an Alpha string ALPHA DATA is displayed The pointer is built with the absolute values of bbb and eee STACK for X gt 0 For X lt 0 Input Output Input Output Tot Tot Tet T t Z bbb Z t Z bbb Z t Y eee Y t Y Ill Y t X ii X bbb eeeii X cc X bbb eeecc L I L eee L I L IIl 57 BRKPT Break pointer BRKPT BReaK PoinTer breaks a bbb eeeii pointer if X gt 0 or an array pointer if X lt 0 EXAMPLES 1 A program needs the elements of a bbb eeeii pointer where bbb is the first register of a set of data eee is the last one and ii the number of registers between two data in the set X 25 04005 specifies registers R25 R30 R35 R40 XEQ BRKPT returns Z 25 Y 40 X 5 2 The array pointer is 25 04405 it specifies that the array begins at R25 ends at R44 and has 5 columns The array number of lines is
64. egister is part of the array ut St z Register n2 L Array pointer Output ES E Z Z Y line n2 X Column n2 L Array pointer If registers X or Y contains an Alpha string ALPHA DATA is displayed 59 LC AD Line column to address LC AD Line Column ADDress returns the register number of an array element from its line number column number and array pointer Example Register number of the element on line 2 and column 3 of array A with array pointer 25 04405 is saved in ROO column line n21 line n22 line n23 line n24 Keystrokes 2 ENTER 3 RCL 00 XEQ LC AD ARRAY A Input line number Input column number Recall array pointer nel n22 ne3 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 Display 2 0000 3_ 25 04405 32 00000 INSTRUCTIONS FOR LC AD Register N2 To calculate the register number of an array element when you know its line number column number and array pointer Input line number ENTERA Column number ENTER4 array pointer XEQ LC AD returns the register number to the X register and places the pointer in LASTx STACK Input T T Z line n2 Y column n2 X Array Pointer a L 60 Output T T Z T Y T X L Array pointer register n2 COLPT Create column poi
65. ers RGNb Return numbers of registers specified by a code pointer bbb eeeii in X RGORD Replace each value contained in the registers of data specified by their rank RGXTR Extract the first register address of the last line in an array RGSUM Return the sum of the values specified by the code in X If X lt 0 calculates the sum of the absolute values RGVIEW Input or display of the registers Details necessary SAVERGX Opposite of GETRGX Recopy the registers indicated in X in the current data file starting from the pointer and while following the increment jj X bbb eeeiijj SIZE Return the number of registers allocated to the data SORT Sort by order ascending X gt 0 or decreasing X lt 0 the values of the registers indicated in X Sorts alpha and numerical STO gt L Copy the value placed in X with the address specified in L and increments L SUB Extraction and or justification of strings TFS5 Validate an invalid printer 15 VKEYS Catalog assignments WRTEM Creates and fills an extended memory file on the cassette This file is a WRTA of extended memory X NN Functions X NN X4NN X lt NN X lt NN X gt NN and X gt NN work as the normal test functions but they work between the X register and any register specified in the Y register XSF Swap the X register and the F register which contains a number that represents flags 0 7 XTOAL Adds the first character of ALPH
66. ew number but in reverse X and Y must be integers For instance 1103 ENTER4 8 XEQ YBX returns 7 R S 1 R S 1 R S 2 R S 0 That means 1103 DEC 2117 OCT This result can be checked with the DEC and OCT functions N B If it is possible to get the divisor back with X lt gt Y LASTx for a quotient gt 0 and with X lt gt Y X lt 0 DSE X NOP LASTx for a quotient lt 0 it is impossible for a quotient equal to 0 103 CHFLAG Load flag set CHFLAG CHarge FLAGs sets the flag set that was current when the CHFLAG function was written in the program Example At the beginning of a program you want to be in DEGree mode 3 digits ENG and with the 5 first flags 0 4 set While in RUN mode PRGM indicator off initialize the calculator as needed then in PRGM mode XEQ CHFLAG It writes two lines in the program the first line is CHFLAG the second one is a 7 character string When the program is executed the calculator is initialize to the needed state INSTRUCTIONS FOR CHFLAG 1 In RUN mode initialize the calculator to the state needed by the program 2 In PRGM mode XEQ CHFLAG writes two lines the first one is CHFLAG the second one contains a seven character string which represents the given flag set This string begins with a configuration indicator If this string is destroyed or replaced by a wrong one CHFLAG execution will halt program execution and CHFLAG ERR will be displayed STACK C
67. g ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWX is in the ALPHA register To save it in even registers starting from R10 use the following sequence Keystrokes Display 10 00002 CHS 10 00002_ Pointer The negative value indicates that it stores ALPHA to registers RG AX 17 00002 The pointer specified the register following the last one used by RGAX RCL 10 ABCDEF first 6 characters RCL 12 GHIJKL next 6 characters RCL 14 MNOPOR next 6 characters RCL 16 STUVWX last 6 characters Now you want to send registers R12 and R16 to the ALPHA register 12 00004 12 00004 Register pointer to recall the string XEQ CLA 12 00004 clear the ALPHA register RG Ax 17 00004 Indicate next register ALPHA GHIJKLSTUVWX Recall ends when the last character of the string is found INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGAX 1 The RGAX function can be used to save all the ALPHA register to the registers specified by the register pointer in the X register In this case the pointer must be negative When the calculator saves a string it appends an end string indicator to the last register used This indicator is used when the string is recalled it is invisible but a modification of the last register destroys the indicator 2 The RGAX function can also be used to recall a string that was previously saved in a set of registers In this case the pointer should be positive The string is appended to the ALPHA register string If the new string is more t
68. gisters specified by the X register the data of the current X MEMORY file starting from pointer position and according to the increment in the X register Example The pointer in the current X MEMORY file DATA is on 10 25 0440510 XEQ GETRGX copies register 10 20 30 from the X Memory file to registers 25 30 35 in main memory INSTRUCTIONS FOR GETRGX 1 Set the current file pointer to the right position with SEEKPT or SEEKPTA 2 The number in the X register is a bbb eeeiijj pointer where bbb is the first main memory register eee the last main memory register where you want to copy the X Memory data set ii is the increment for the main memory registers and jj the increment for the X Memory registers 3 XEQ GETRGX copies the registers from the current X Memory file to the main memory registers as specified by the pointer in the X register STACK The stack is unchanged by GETRGX APPLICATION PROGRAMS The figure below represents two arrays the left one is in main memory the right one is in X Memory In each square is indicated the register number and its value a letter Set the X Memory pointer to the first register to copy with 12 SEEKPT To copy the second column of the array B in X Memory to the 3rd column of array A in main memory put in the X register the pointer of the 3rd column of array A 27 04205 and add the increment for the X Memory registers 03 as 6th and 7th decimal digits
69. h column pointer 29 04405 After all these transformations array B is line n21 4 2 3 4 line n22 1 7 8 9 line n23 12 24 26 28 column nel n22 n23 ne4 n25 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 0 83 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 1 66 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 5 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 3 33 line n24 11 17 18 19 INSTRUCTIONS FOR RG Y RG Y RG Y ARRAY B 1 RG Y RG Y RG Y need a constant in the Y register and a pointer in the X register 2 Operations are directly perform on the register value so results replace initial values STACK Input Output TIE TS Z Z Z Z Y scalar Y scalar X pointer X pointer L 1 L 1 The stack is unchanged by RG Y RG Y RG Y 88 ALENG Alpha LENGth ALENG returns to the X register the length of the current string in the ALPHA register Example 1 In a program the HP 41 stops and waits for an ALPHA input The string length is needed to store the string in several registers An other solution is the RGAX function that is described in this manual INSTRUCTION FOR ALENG Place in ALPHA the string ALENG returns in the X register the string length and the stack is lift if it is enable THE STACK Input Output Tot T Zz Z Z Z y Y y Y x X X X String length L I L I Application program for ALENG Example 2 The following routine capitalizes any lowercase letters found in the ALPHA register It uses ALENG to provide a loop counter equal
70. han 24 characters long only the last 24 remain in the ALPHA register The leftmost characters are lost Loading stops when an end string indicator is recalled or if there is no indicator when a numeric value is found In this case the numeric value is appended in the current format to the ALPHA register as it would be with ARCL 3 In both cases RGAX saves the initial pointer in LASTx and leaves a bbb eeeii pointer in the X register bbb is the last register used 1 eeeii is the eeeii part of the initial pointer The first three decimal digits of the initial pointer can be anything because RGAX does not use them STACK Input Output T Te t Z Z Z Z Y y Y y X Initial pointer X New pointer L 1 L Initial pointer 73 RGCOPY Copy or exchange registers RGCOPY ReGisters COPY performs two kinds of operations If X gt 0 RGCOPY copies the registers specified by the X register pointer to the registers specified by the Y register pointer If X lt 0 RGCOPY swaps the registers specified in the X register and the one specified in the Y register Example In the array B copy the first column to the 3rd one then swap the 1st line and 2nd column column nel n22 ne3 n24 ne5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 1 2 3 4 5 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 6 7 8 9 10 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ARRAY B line n23 11 12 13 14 15 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 16 17 18 19 20
71. haracters from the primary device If the device ID has fewer than 24 characters the HP 41 terminates input from the device when it received and End of Transmission message Carriage returns character code 13 and line feeds code 10 are deleted from the ID string placed in the ALPHA register Example This routine tests whether the primary device is an HP 3468 voltmeter If it is the routine returns to a main program Otherwise execution halts and the HP 41 displays NOT A VOLTMETER 01 LBL VOLT Is primary device a voltmeter 02 SF 25 03 ID Get device ID 04 FC S 25 05 GTO 01 Branches if devices does not return a device ID 06 ASTO X Put ID into X 07 HP3486 Look at first 6 characters in ID 08 ASTO Y 09 X Y Is primary device an HP3486 10 RIN Yes 11 LBL 01 12 NOT A VOLTMETER Displays an error 13 AVIEW 14 STOP Related functions HPIL ROM FINDID SELECT AUTOIO MANIO PANAME ROM AID FINDAID RCLSEL 20 FINDAID Find an Accessory ID FINDAID FIND Accessory ID Allows the HP 41 to locate a device of a specific class or type which you specify with a number in the X register INSTRUCTIONS FOR FINDAID To locate a specific device place the device s ID or type number in the X register Execute FINDAID an integer number which represents the address of the located device is returned to the X register If the number you entered is positive FINDAID searches the loop starting with the primary device
72. he CLEAR function refer to this function for further information the default line count is 66 GRAPHX Graphic output GRAPHX indicates to the printer that the next X bytes received are binary data not characters each value representing a dot column Refer to the printer User s Manuel to find the relations between data sent and printer output Graphic mode paragraph The absolute value of X represents the number of bytes to be considered as graphic data 43 MODE Printing mode MODE selects the printing mode according to the absolute value of X X value Mode No char line 0 Normal 80 1 Expanded 40 2 Compressed 132 3 Bold expanded 66 9 Bold 80 You can combine modes 0 and 1 or 2 and 3 other combinations give strange results If X has other values than 0 1 2 3 or 9 the error message DATA ERROR is displayed SKIPOFF Cancel perforation skip SKIPOFF cancels the SKIPON function SKIPON Set perforation skip SKIPON sets perforations skip mode on the printer When this mode is on the printing of the last text line of a page generates a form feed the paper is set to the beginning of the next page the number of text lines per page is selected with the TEXTLEN function So nothing is printed on the perforations Perforations skip mode is off at power on or after using the CLEAR function Refer to this function for other information TEXTLEN Text length
73. he Nth X flag XSF XCF and XFS programs use the stack and registers ROO to R09 XFS also uses flag 08 XFLAGS program listing LBL XFLAGS 009 RGINIT RDN RTN LBL XSF XEQ 00 SFIND Y GTO 01 LBL XCF XEQ 00 CFIND Y GTO 01 LBL XFS XEQ 00 CF 08 FS IND Y SF 08 LBL 01 X lt gt F STO INDZ R RTN LBL 00 STO Y 8 MOD RCL IND Y X lt gt F END Note XEQ XFLAGS clears all X flags 00 to 79 107 X NN Compare X and a register Functions X NN X4NN X lt NN X lt NN X gt NN and X gt NN work as the normal test functions ex X Y of the HP 41 but they work not between the X register and other stack registers but between the X register and any register specified in the Y register These functions are also found in the X FUNCTION module and are already built into the HP 41CX Furthermore these functions also compare alphanumeric strings INSTRUCTIONS FOR X NN To compare the X register and a data register r put in Y the following If the r register is Put in Y a data register Rnnn the number nnn the Z register the string Z Z ASTO Y the T register the string T the L register the string L then compare them In calculator mode the calculator displays YES or NO according to the result of the test In a program X NN behaves like any normal test function The line following the test is executed if the test is true or it is ignored if the test is false These functions c
74. hout integer part rounding ALPHA AREA 1 225 INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPX 1 APPX appends the integer part of the X register to the left of the ALPHA register APPX results depend on flags 28 and 29 The number is written has in FIX 0 mode except that the decimal separator is not appended and the number is not rounded As for ARCL APPX does not beep when its execution overflows the ALPHA register capacity 2 If at the execution of APPX the X register contains an alpha string ALPHA DATA is displayed 93 AROT ALPHA Rotation AROT Alpha ROTate rotates the ALPHA register string of the number of characters specified by the X register Example The ALPHA register contains the string AROT To display TARO then ROTA Input Display ALPHA AROT AROT_ ALPHA 1 CHS 1_ XEQ AROT ALPHA TARO ALPHA 2 2 XEQ AROT ALPHA ROTA INSTRUCTIONS FOR AROT AROT rotates the ALPHA register string of the number of characters specified by the value modulo 24 of the X register The rotation is done to the left if the X register contains a positive number and to the right if it is negative i e Refer to the appendix for further information on the effect of AROT on null characters The execution of AROT does not modify the stack APPLICATION PROGRAMS FOR AROT 1 The AROT function can be used with the ANUM and POSA functions to get the number of repetition of a given string or character in th
75. is displayed The STATUS function of the PANAME ROM is the only exception to this rule refer to this function for further details 35 36 8BIT Select 8 bit mode SBIT selects 8 bit mode which validates the HP41 character set This mode is automatically selected when a specific printer function is used One of the PRINTER 2E functions of the HP IL ROM This function is useful only if the HP82162A printer is used with non specific printer functions such as OUTA or OUTYBX ESCAPE Select Escape mode ESCAPE selects the escape mode which activates the ASCII not HP41 character set In this mode you cannot use specific printing functions to send characters to the printer because they automatically select the 8 bits mode However some applications may require the use of the ASCII character set The ESCAPE function enables the utilization of this set but printing must be done with the OUTA function or related functions which only send characters to the primary device Beware that in this case the primary device must be the printer even though this is not necessary with specific printer functions such as PRA PARSE Select Line feed on space mode PARSE selects parse mode which enables automatic word wrap at the end of the lines A line feed is performed by the printer on the space when the next word cannot be printed completely on the current line CLBUF Clear the buffer CLBUF return
76. ize DRAW Draw a line to X Y coordinates HOME Return pen to coordinates 0 0 LABEL Print the contents of the ALPHA register impression of texts in graphic mode follows the directions defined by LDIR LDIR Defines the writing direction for LABEL MOVE Move the pen to X Y coordinates LTYPE Defines the type of line for DRAW and RDRAW IXI 0 to 15 PLREGX A pointer bbb eee being placed in X traces the broken line passing by the points Rbbb Rbbb 1 Rbbb 2 Rbbb 3 Reee 1 Reee RDRAW Draw a line to X Y relative to the current position of the pen RESET Moves the pen to the left margin and selects Text mode REVLF Reverse line feed REVLEX Reverse line feed IXI times RMOVE Moves the pen to X Y relative to the current position of the pen SETORG Sets current pen position as the origin 0 0 Utilities MOD Return the quotient in Y and the remainder in X of Euclidean division that is to say calculate the quotient and the modulo of X Y with integers AD LC Returns the coordinates line column of an array element from its address Run and the array pointer ALENG Returns the length of the string in the ALPHA register ANUM Searches the ALPHA register for a number The first number found is returned to the X register ANUMDEL In addition to ANUM It also deletes all characters in the string from the start of the string to the last numeri
77. kes ASN ALPHA O U T ALPHA 1 5 Put the calculator in USER mode then execute or program a function which name begins with OUT for instance OUTAX Keystrokes OUT LN key ALPHA A X ALPHA Without the OUT function the keystrokes would have been XEQ ALPHA O U T A X ALPHA so you save 3 keystrokes every time you type a function beginning with OUT OUT INSTRUCTIONS 1 Assign OUT to a key and set the calculator to USER mode 2 To execute or program a function beginning with OUT strike OUT It is assigned to a key ALPHA characters of the function name without the first three letters for instance YBX for the OUTYBX function ALPHA 22 OUTAX OUTA with repetition according to X OUTAX performs one or several OUTA functions it sends the ALPHA register contents to the main device The absolute value of the X register indicates the number of times OUTA is to be performed If flag 17 is cleared an End Line sequence is added to the ALPHA string every time this one is sent on the HPIL loop End Line characters CR and LF decimal code 13 and 10 If Flag 17 is set the ALPHA string is sent several times without any separation character INSTRUCTIONS FOR OUTAX The string to be sent several times must be put in the ALPHA register the number of repetitions in the X register and Flag 17 must be set or cleared according to the required effect as mentioned above Then execute OUTAX EXAMPL
78. lements of the Ist line of a 4 line 5 column array beginning with register R25 Keystrokes Display 1 1_ RCL 00 25 04405 Recall the pointer LINPT 25 02900 Calculate lst line pointer STO L 25 02900 Store it in the L register 50 50_ lst line 1st element XEQ STO gt L 50 00000 Store it in R25 VIEW 1 26 02900 Pointer has been incremented 60 60_ 2nd element XEQ STO gt L 60 0000 Store 2nd element 70 70_ XEQ STO gt L 70 0000 80 80_ XEQ STO gt L 80 0000 90 90_ XEQ STO gt L 90 0000 LASTx 30 0290 INSTRUCTIONS FOR STO gt L STO gt L uses the L register as an address pointer to store the X register value STOL gt L transfers the X register value to the register specified by the L register Stack lift is not done so several values can be input without altering registers Y Z T Furthermore The pointer in the L register is automatically incremented so programs need less memory STACK Input Output Tit Ty t Z Z Z Z Y y Y y X value to store X value stored L bbb L bbb 1 Remark The decimal part of the L register is ignored Note If there is an alpha string in the L register ALPHA DATA is displayed 70 APPLICATION PROGRAM FOR STO gt L 1 STO gt L was designed to input register values in the middle of a program So to input the 1st column of the array B which pointer is in register ROO use the following sequence 1 RCL 00 COLPT STO L 50 STO gt
79. m it is replaced by the new one STACK The stack is unchanged by WRTEM INVERSE FUNCTION READEM 102 MOD Euclidean division MOD Divide MOD calculates the modulo and the quotient of a Euclidean division that is to say with integers It is an extension of the MOD function of catalog 3 EXAMPLE Calculation of the modulo and quotient of the division of 13 by 3 Input Display 13 13 Dividend input ENTER 3 3_ Divisor input XEQ MOD 1 0000 Modulo X lt gt Y 4 0000 Division quotient LASTx 3 0000 The divisor is saved in the L register INSTRUCTIONS FOR MOD 1 To calculate the modulo and quotient of the division of Y by X 2 XEQ MOD The quotient and modulo of the division are returned respectively to the Y and X registers The divisor is saved in the L register the dividend is lost T and Z registers are unchanged 3 If the X register contains 0 the calculator displays DATA ERROR STACK Input Output T t T t Z Z Z Z Y Dividend Y quotient X Divisor X Modulo L L L Divisor Application programs for MOD 1 A fairly quick way to calculate the decimals of the division of A by B when A lt B and the last digit of B is 9 LBL DIV9 10 INT 1 STO01 RDN SF21LBL 01 RCL01 MOD VIEW Y 10 GTOOI END So to divide 153 by 209 153 209 0 732057 2 MOD can be used in a short subroutine as a small base conversion This short program YBX gives the digits of the n
80. main memory as defined by the value in the X register LC AD Return the address register number of an array element from its line and column number LINPT Return the line pointer of an array knowing the line number and the array pointer NOP Do not execute any operation OUT Prefixes intended to facilitate the writing of functions POSA Returns the numerical position of a character in the ALPHA register specified in the X register PSIZE Allocates the number of data registers specified by the X register READEM Copies the XMEMORY file named in the ALPHA register from a mass storage device See WRTEM RG Prefixes to allow easier entry of related functions RG Execute the addition or the subtraction of two vectors indicated by the codes placed Y and in X RG As RG executes multiplication RG As RG executes division RG Y RG Y and RG Y Carry out an arithmetic operation of the elements indicated by X with the operand placed in Y RGAX If X lt 0 it copies the ALPHA register to the data registers in blocks of 6 characters If X gt 0 it appends the ALPHA register with the contents of the data registers specified by the X register RGCOPY If X gt 0 copies the data registers indicated by X to the registers specified in Y If X lt 0 the registers are swapped Admits an increment RGINIT If X gt 0 places 0 in the registers indicated by X If X lt 0 places the numbers 1 to N in the regist
81. ment for main memory registers 03 jj increment for X Memory registers XEQ SAVERGX copies the registers as specified by the pointer in the X register the result is represented on the second figure Part of the Extended Functions found in the X FUNCTIONS module or built into the HP 41CX 66 col In 1 ln 2 ln 3 ln 4 FIGURE 1 DATA col Array A main Array B memory X Memory n21 n22 n23 n24 n25 col ned ne2 n23 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 ln n21 R11 R12 R13 A B Cc D E a b c R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 ln n22 R14 R15 R16 F G H I J d e f R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ln n23 R17 R18 R19 K L M N O g h i R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 ln n24 R20 R21 R22 Q R S T U J k l FIGURE 2 RESULTS AFTER SAVERGX Array A main Array B memory X Memory nel ne2 ne3 ne4 ne5 col n21 n22 n23 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 ln n21 R11 R12 R13 A B B D E a B c R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 ln n22 R14 R15 R16 F G E I J d E f R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 ln n23 R17 R18 R19 K L H N o g H i R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 ln n24 R20 R21 R22 Q R K T U j K 1 67 SORT Sort numeric and or alphanumeric data SORT SORTer sorts the registers specified in the X register Example In the array A below 1 Sort in increasing order the 2nd column values 2 Sort in decreasing order the 3rd column values column nel n22 n23 n24 n25 line n21 14
82. n inverse video on the HP82163 video interface which has to be the primary device use the following sequence SF 17 16 OUTax 26 RCLSEL Recall primary device address RCLSEL ReCaLl SELected address returns in the X register after stack lift if it is enabled the HP IL address of the primary device This address is an integer number The RCLSEL function also checks the loop integrity for device with a standby mode it has the same effect as the PWRUP function refer to the HP82160A HPIL ROM manual There is a difference between the EXTENDED I O ROM RCLSEL function and the PANAME ROM one The PANAME ROM RCLSEL function can return a value which is different from the last address specified by the SELECT function This happens when the SELECT function has been executed with an address greater than the number of devices on the loop in this case the address returned by RCLSEL is 1 This characteristic is useful in programs with a routine executed once for every device on the loop A test between the SELECT address and the address returned by RCLSEL will check if all devices have been tested Refer to the programs LOOP in the Example section of AID and ID and FNDAIDN in the Example section of FINDAID to see how this method is used INSTRUCTIONS FOR RCLSEL Execute RCLSEL an integer number which represents the address of the primary device is returned to the X register as specified above EXAMPLE RCLSEL can be used to s
83. nter COLPT COLumn PoinTer returns a column pointer to the X register from the column number in the Y register and the array pointer in the X register Example to gets the second column numbers of the array A which pointer is in register 00 2nd column pointer ARRAY A Keystrokes Display 2 2_ Column number RCL 00 25 04405 Recall pointer XEQ COLPT 26 04105 column nel n22 n23 n24 no5 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n21 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 line n22 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 line n23 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 line n24 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLPT 1 Input the column number 2 Put the array pointer in the X register 3 XEQ COLPT returns the column pointer to the X register and saves the array pointer in LASTx STACK Input Ts t Z Z Y Column N2 X bbb eeeii L 1 Note i i ii E KKN Output t t z bbb eeeii b b b e e e i i 61 LINPT Create line pointer LINPT LINe PoinTer returns a line pointer to the X register given the line number in the Y register and the array pointer in the X register Example To know the registers used by the 2nd line of array A which array pointer is saved in register Recall array pointer 2nd line pointer ARRAY A ROO Keystrokes Display 2 2_ Line number RCL 00 25 04405 XEQ LINPT 30 03400 column nel n22 n23 n24 n25
84. o the last one STACK The stack is unchanged by the execution of RGINIT 76 RGNb Number of register by pointer RGNb ReGisters NumBer of returns the number of registers specified by the pointer in the X register Example To know the number of elements of an array which pointer is saved in register ROO then to know the number of register per line Keystrokes Display RCL 00 CLINC 25 04400 Registers pointer XEQ RGNb 20 00000 The array contains 20 registers 1 RCL 00 LINPT 25 02900 Line pointer XEQ RGNb 5 00000 There are 5 registers per line INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGNb RGNb returns to the X register the number of registers specified by a bbb eeeii pointer in the X register The pointer is saved in LASTx STACK Input Output T t TI t Z Zz Z Z Y y Y X Pointer X Number of elements Ls L Pointer 77 RGORD Replace values in order of their ranking Disclaimer The following discussion is the result of spectulation and experimentation The original information on this function was from the one sentence description in the FUNCTION OVERVIEW section of the French manual We will begin with the theory of how the function should work followed by the actual experimental findings RGORD ReGister ORDer replaces register data with their order Replaces the data D in selected registers Rnn specified by the pointer in the X register by their number in the hierarchical order
85. ompare numeric and alphanumeric functions following these conditions 1 A number is always inferior to a string 2 Strings are compare from the code of their characters ex ABO lt ABA because the code of 0 is 48 and the A one is 65 3 A short string identical to the beginning of a larger one is considered as being inferior ex ABC lt ABCD 108 Y N Question Yes No Y N is useful in programs which ask for an answer Yes or No Example The following sequence displays the question END Y N If the user answers Yes Y key the program resumes execution at label 00 if the user answers NO N key the program resumes execution at label 01 END 1 000 Y N GTO 00 GTO 01 INSTRUCTIONS FOR Y N The Y N function can only be used in a program la To ask a question message Y N Put the message max 7 characters in the ALPHA register and execute Y N 1b To ask another kind of question for instance END Y N put the message in the ALPHA register execute AVIEW then Y N 2 However when the Y N function is executed the calculator halts program execution and waits for a keystroke If the key hit is the ON key the calculator is switched off If the key hit is R S program execution is stopped and the program pointer is set to the line following Y N If the key hit is Y Yes program execution resumes at the line following directly Y N If the key hit is N No the line following
86. omplete and therefore should not be relied on as accurate RGXTR ReGister eXTRact address returns the address of the first register of the last line in an array Example You want to know the address of the first register of the last line of an array The array pointer 25 04405 is saved in ROO Use the following sequence Keystrokes Display RCL 00 25 04405 Recall the array pointer XEQ RGXTR 40 00000 Address of first register of last line INSTRUCTIONS FOR RGXTR RGXTR replaces in the X register the pointer with the address of the first register of the last line of an array The old value is saved in LASTx register L STACK Input Output Tot Tot Z Z ZZ Y y Y y X bbb eeeii X address L I L bbb eeeii 80 RGSUM Sum of registers RGSUM ReGisters SUM of returns to the X register the sum of the registers specified by the pointer in the X register If the pointer is negative RGSUM performs the sum of the absolute values of the specified registers Example In the array F which pointer is saved in register ROO one wants the total of the 1st column and the sum of the 4th column but considering the absolute value of the elements line line line line line Keystrokes 1 RCL 00 COLPT RG SUM 4 RCL 00 COLPT CHS XEQ RGSUM column n23 n24 ne5 ARRAY F It specifies a sum of absolute values nel n22 n
87. osition specified by the X register This replaces the character at that position For X gt 0 the positioning is from left to right for X lt 0 it s from right to left The rest of the characters in the ALPHA register are not moved A positive value in the X register specifies a position in the ALPHA register string starting form the first no null character at the right This first character is in position 0 This convention is the one used for the POSA function in the XFUNCTION ROM On the contrary a negative number specifies an absolute position in the ALPHA register it is independent from the string Positions are considered from right to left 1 for the rightmost position and 24 for the left most position The following chart illustrates the ATOXX and YTOAX interpretation of the character positions Character position character n gt 23 or r gt string length DATA ERROR 0 lt n lt string length Nth character after the leftmost n 0 Fist character starting from the left 24 lt n lt 0 Nth character starting from the right and up to the register end n lt 24 DATA ERROR If the X register contains an Alpha string ALPHA DATA is displayed 98 Example In this example the ALPHA register is completely represented null characters at the left of the register are represented with horizontal marks but they cannot be displayed by the calculator Input Display ALPHA DECAMETRE ALPHA DECAMETRE
88. ous modes of the HP82905B For all these functions the printer must be the primary device Refer to FINDAID in this manual or to FINDID in the HP82160A HPIL ROM manual to find how to select a given device In AUTOIO mode if the primary device does not have an AID of 33 the error message AID ERR is displayed However this check is not performed in MANIO mode So they can be used with other printers using the same escape sequences or control characters For more information on sequences sent by these functions refer to Appendix P 41 42 BELL Beep signal BELL rings the bell of the printer for one second This function can be used to call the attention of the user CHARSET Character set selection CHARSET selects the primary character set if X 0 and the secondary one if X 1 Refer to the HP82905B printer User s Manual for information on both character sets FFEED Form feed FFEED sends to the printer a form feed command which sets the printer to the top of the next page Beware that you must position the paper correctly and set the number of lines per page using FORMLEN prior to using FFEED FORMLEN Page length FORMLEN defines the number of lines per page It is related to the paper s physical form length and line spacing selected with VSPAC The absolute value of X indicates the number of lines which must be in the range 1 128 At power on or after re initialization with t
89. ow everyone will see how the utilization of the stack that we have recommended prepared us for these new functions The rise of the FORTH language will give another evidence of this conception Those lucky enough to use RPN logic will be prepared for FORTH which perhaps will replace BASIC We hope that all those who develop programs on the HP 41 will realize the great interest they have in acquiring the PANAME ROM PHILIPPE DESCAMPS WARNING The PANAME ROM includes new functions for the HP 41 and they inspire lots of different applications But as for other functions of the HP 41 either original ones or added ones users with their wide range of applications are the only ones who can show the interest of these functions This module creation would have been impossible without our PPC club because it facilitates the exchange of solutions it is very useful to share other people s knowledge and programming skills For the moment the PANAME ROM as a user manual which has been made as clear and precise as possible But we realize our limits Therefore we have decided to write with everybody s help a document following the spirit which was at the origin of the PPC module If you are interested in a Solution Book for the PANAME ROM you can put your name down with J J DHENIN BCMW 2 bis rue N HOUEL 75005 PARIS When the solution book is ready you will be notified How do we intend to write this collective book Everyone will find
90. r one position to the left If the cursor is at position 0 0 it is not moved CSROFF Suppress the cursor CSROFF CurSoR OFF suppresses the cursor The cursor is not visible until the next execution of CLEAR or CSRON or the next interface initialization Power on or HPIL message DCL or SDC CSRON Display the cursor CSRON CurSoR ON switches the cursor on It can be switched off using CSROFF CSRR Move the cursor to the right CSRR CurSoR Right moves the cursor one position to the right If the cursor is at the end of a line the cursor is sent to the beginning of the next line except if it is at the end of the last line in which case it is not moved CSRVX Move the cursor down according to X CSRVX move CurSoR Vertically by X move the cursor vertically The absolute value of X specifies the number of lines of the move and its sign determines the direction For X lt 0 CSRVX performs X CSRUPs moves the cursor up by X lines For X gt 0 CSRVX performs X CSRDNs Moves the cursor down by X lines INSTRUCTIONS FOR CSRVX Put in X the number corresponding to the desired move then execute CSRVX CSRUP Move the cursor up CSRUP CurSoR UP moves the cursor one position up If the cursor is on the first line of the display it is not moved 32 CTYPE Select the type of cursor CTYPE Cursor TYPE selects the type of cursor according to the value of X
91. returned by CHS XEQ BRKPT So Z 25 1st register Y 4 number of lines X 5 number of columns column n 1 n 2 n 3 n 4 n 5 line n 1 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 line n 2 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 ARRAY A line n 3 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 line n 4 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 INSTRUCTIONS FOR BRKPT 1 To break a bbb eeeii pointer where bbb in the range 0 999 is the first element of a loop or a vector where eee in the same range is the last element and where ii is the increment One must check that the number in the X register is positive for instance with XEQ ABS then XEQ BRKPT will return the integer part of the X register to the Z register the first 3 digits of the decimal part to the Y register and the 4th and 5th digits of the decimal part to the Z register The pointer is saved in LASTx 2 To break a bbb eeecc array pointer where bbb is the register of the first element of the array eee is its last register and cc is the number of columns One must check that the number in the X register is negative for instance with ABS CHS then XEQ BRKPT returns the first register bbb to the Z register the number of lines eee 1 bbb ccc to the Y register and the number of columns cc to the X register The array pointer is saved in LASTx Note If there is an Alpha string in the X register ALPHA DATA is displayed STACK for X gt 0 For X lt 0
92. s the printer to power on status The printer head is at the right The printer buffer is empty selected modes are escape single width uppercase letters left justification line feed on the 24th character This function is mainly used to clear the printer buffer of any data it is the only way to do it 37 UNPARSE Select the line feed on the 24th character mode UNPARSE disables the special mode selected by UNPARSE TABCOL Column tabulation TABCOL enables an absolute tabulation on the dot level as opposed to SKYCOL which permits a relative tabulation Using TABCOL it is easy to print an output with several columns Only two columns with FMT INSTRUCTION FOR TABCOL Put the column number 0 to 167 in X and execute TABCOL EXAMPLE To print the following chart A 123 00 FF B 23 95 FS C 1115 70 FB You can use the following sequence FIX2 CLBUF A ACA 28 TABCOL 123 ACX TABCOL FF ACA PRBUF B ACA 28 TABCOL 23 95 ACX 91 TABCOL FS ACA PRBUF C ACA 28 TABCOL 1115 7 ACX 91 TABCOL FB ACA PRBUF 38 STATUS Recall printer status STATUS returns to the Y register an integer which specifies the primary device s first status bit and in the X register an integer which specifies the primary device s second status bit The effect of STATUS on the stack depends whether stack lift is enabled or not when the function is executed If stack lift is enabled Before After
93. t cursor INSTRUCTIONS FOR CLEAR Execute CLEAR EXAMPLE ESC E which is sent by the function CLEAR is the reset sequence of the HP82905B printer SoCLEAR can be used to reinitialize this printer but it must be performed in MANIO mode because the Accessory identity of the HP 82905B is 33 or 48 per the French manual CLEARO CLEAR the display from the cursor On CLEARO CLEAR from cursor On clears the display starting from the cursor and down to the end of the display Cursor type and position are unchanged INSTRUCTIONS FOR CLEARO Execute CLEARO CSRDN Move cursor down CSRDN CurSoR DowN moves the cursor one position down If the cursor is on the bottom line of the display the cursor is not moved CSRHX Move cursor Horizontally by X CSRHX move CurSoR Horizontally by X moves the cursor horizontally The absolute value of X specifies the number of characters of the move and its sign determines the direction For X lt 0 CSRHX performs X CSRLs moves the cursor left by X characters For X gt 0 CSRHX performs X CSRRs moves the cursor right by X characters For instance 1 CSRHX is equivalent to CSRL and 1 CSRHX is equivalent to CSRR INSTRUCTIONS FOR CSRHX Put in X the number corresponding to the desired moves then execute CSRHX This is not true for every non HP video interface 31 CSRL Move the cursor to the left CSRL CurSoR Left moves the curso
94. ter Byte to the main device OUTYBX Send the decimal code defined by the IYI register as a character Byte to the main device IXI times OUTa Similar to OUTA but sets bit 7 with all the character bytes sent for example for the inverse video on HP82163 OUTax OUTa repeated IXI times RCLSEL Returns the address of the main device in the IXI register If the SELECT are gt devices RCLSEL returns 1 HP82163 Functions CLEAR Erase the screen CLEARO Erase the screen starting from the cursor Functions are listed in the order they appear in the module CSRDN Move the cursor once downwards CSRHX Move the cursor horizontally IXI positions to the left if X lt 0 to the right in the opposite case CSRL Move the cursor once to the left CSROFF Suppresses the cursor CSRON Restores the cursor CSRR Move the cursor once to the right CSRVX Move the cursor vertically IXI positions upwards if X lt 0 downwards in the opposite case CSRUP Move the cursor once upwards CTYPE Select cursor type HOME Reposition cursor to 0 0 SCRLDN Scroll the display one line down SCRLUP Scroll the display one line up SCRLX Scroll the display as specified by IXI Downwards for X lt 0 upwards for X gt 0 XYTAB Move the cursor to the position defined by IXI and IYI HP82162 Functions CLBUF Clear the print buffer SBIT Select 8 BIT mode ESCAPE Select ESCAPE mode
95. the calculator finds the string in the ALPHA register it returns the Ist character position to the X register 2 Positions are considered from left to right and start with position 0 If the string or character appears several times in the ALPHA register the calculator returns only the first position If the string or the character does not exist in the ALPHA register 1 is returned 3 The string or character code is saved in LASTx STACK Input Output Ts t Ls t Z Z Z Z Y y Y y X code or string X position in ALPHA L 1 L code or string 95 SUB Extraction or justification of a sub string SUBS SUB string extracts a sub string from the ALPHA register or it right or left justifies a string adding spaces to the string Example To extract 7 characters starting with C from the string ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW which is in the ALPHA register Keystrokes Display 2 08 2 08 2 is the position of C 8 is the position of the 7th character to extract XEQ SUBS 2 0800 Extract the string ALPHA CDEFGHI Sub string To right justify in a 10 space field ALPHA 10 10_ Justification field length CHS 10_ Specifies right justification XEQ SUBS 10 0000 ALPHA CDEFGHI Three space have been inserted to right justify the string To put 5 spaces at the right of the string ALPHA 10 0000 15 15_ New justification field length XEQ SUBS 15 0000 Left justification because the X
96. tions The mini plotter instructions which correspond to these functions need the Graphic mode So these functions set Graphic mode before executing the operation and leave the mini plotter in this mode after execution Unspecific mode functions These mini plotter instructions must be executed in Graphic mode So these functions set Graphic mode before executing the instruction However these functions are often used in Text mode The user can control in which mode the mini plotter is left after execution 54 UTILITIES These functions and routines have a wide range of applications Manipulation of numeric and alphanumeric arrays one or two dimensions Numeric or alphanumeric sorting Character string manipulation Extended memory management HP82180A XFUNCTIONS and HP82181A XMEMORY Wide range of other applications The pointer used with the array handling functions is like the control number described in the Main Memory section in the HP 41 manual It s in the format bbb eeeii where bbb is the beginning of the main memory register block eee is the end of the main memory register block and ii is the increment or number of registers to skip inclusive of the current register For example pointer 30 03402 specifies that the first register is 30 the last register is 34 and the increment is 2 therefore registers 30 32 and 34 will be selected The ii value could also represent the number of columns of an array Some
97. unclear points in the original manual We hope you will send us written questions It will be better if a new redaction of these points is also proposed As a matter of fact we are so accustomed to these new functions that we are unable to evaluate the difficulties faced by a new user So you are the only ones who can help us to enhance this manual Finally examples are the best explanation especially when the manual is not written in the author s native language So we hope you will send us your own applications short if possible According to your suggestions and to your work we will be able to send you a new and better document in the future Happy programming FUNCTION OVERVIEW AID Returns the Accessory ID of the primary device to the X register ID Returns the device ID of the primary device to the ALPHA register FINDAID FIND an AID or class device specified by X lt 0 for a class and return its address in X OUTAX OUTA with repetition IXI indicates the number of repetitions OUTCR Send decimal code 13 to the main device Carriage Return OUTLF Send decimal code 10 to the main device Line Feed OUTLEX Send decimal code 10 to the main device Line Feed IXI indicates the number of times to send the decimal code OUTSPX Send decimal code 32 to the main device Space IXI indicates the number of times to send the decimal code OUTXB Send the decimal code defined by the IXI register as a charac
98. until it finds a device whose accessory ID matches the number integer part in the X register If such a device is present its HP IL address is returned in the X register If the number you enter in the X register is negative FINDAID searches the loop in the same manor as described above However the value returned is the address of the first device found in the device class corresponding to the absolute value of the number in the X register Recall from the discussion that device class INT ABS n 16 Thus when n is negative FINDAID matches only the first four bits of the accessory ID with the first leftmost four bits of the number in the X register If there are no devices of the specified type or class present O is placed in the X register DATA ERROR is displayed if FINDAID is executed with an input outside the range 255 lt n lt 255 FINDAID can be used to find the address of a desired device and then SELECT that device as that primary device in order to send information to it EXAMPLE FIND Returns the address of the first graphics device starting from the primary device 01 LBL FIND Find a plotter 02 96 Look for a graphics device 03 FINDAID 04 RTN 21 OUT Input prefix for OUT functions Easy keyboard input of functions beginning with OUT is possible thanks to the OUT function This function is very useful when it is assigned to a key For instance assign OUT to the LN key ASN OUT 15 Keystro
99. utput Tt TZ Z Z Z y Y y Y x X X X First numeric value found in ALPHA L I L I 91 APPLICATION PROGRAMS FOR ANUMDEL Example 2 The HP 7470A Graphics Plotter can send on HP IL an ASCII character string that describes the current pen position The string contains three integer numbers separated by commas X Y P X is the pen s x coordinate Y is the pen s y coordinate P has a value of 1 if the pen is down or O if the pen is up Suppose that the plotter has sent the string 123 456 1 to the HP 41 s ALPHA register You could use the following keystrokes to decipher the string Keystrokes Display Comments SF 28 Ensures that a comma is not interpreted as a radix CF 29 Ensures that a comma is not interpreted as a separator of 3 digit groups ANUMDEL 123 0000 X coordinate ANUMDEL 456 0000 Y coordinate ANUMDEL 1 0000 Pen is down Example 3 ALPHA has the string 34 2 5 CF 28 ANUMDEL 34 0000 ALPHA 2 5 ALPHA ANUMDEL 2 0000 ALPHA 15 ALPHA ANUMDEL 5 0000 This example shows that and are neither considered as nor as nor as 92 APPX Append the integer part of X to ALPHA APPX APPend X appends the integer part of the X register to the left of the ALPHA register string Example The result of an area calculation is in the X register 1 225 7 and the message AREA is in the ALPHA register the APPX function appends the X register value after the message wit
100. y the accessory ID modulo 16 the last four bits of the ID Accessory ID Decimal Hexadecimal Device lass 0 15 0 F O Controller 16 31 10 1F 1 Mass Storage 32 47 20 2F 2 Printer 48 63 30 3F 3 Display 67 79 40 4F 4 Interface 80 95 50 5F 5 Instrument 96 111 60 6F 6 Graphics 112 239 70 EF 7 14 Not defined 240 255 FO FF 15 Future extensions For example the accessory ID of the HP82161A Digital Cassette Drive is 16 which makes it entry O in the mass storage device class That is 00010000 16 5 Accessory ID and 16 MCD 16 0 These functions are similar to some of the EXTENDED I O module functions 17 AID Accessory ID AID returns the Accessory ID of the primary device The Accessory ID is an integer in the range 0 to 255 that identifies the device type For instance the Accessory ID of the HP82162A thermal printer is 32 If the primary device is a HP82162A printer the AID function returns 32 to the X register AID INSTRUCTIONS The AID function returns to the X register an integer which represents for the Accessory ID of the primary device To know the AID number of a device refer to the description of the HPIL message Send Accessory ID in the device owner s manual If the primary device has no Accessory ID the X register is not changed and the error message NO RESPONSE is displayed Related functions I O ROM FINDAID ID HPIL ROM FINDID SELECT

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