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1. C FOR PiCmicro VERSION 2 The C for PlCmicro microcontrollers CD ROM is designed for students and professionals who need to learn how to program embedded microcontrollers in C The CD contains a course as well as all the software tools needed to create Hex code for a wide range of PlCmicro devices including a full C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices Although the course focuses on the use of the PlCmicro microcontrollers this CD ROM will provide a good grounding in C programming for any microcontroller Complete course in C as well as C programming for PICmicro microcontrollers Highly interactive course Virtual C PICmicro improves understanding Includes a C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices Includes full Integrated Development Environment Includes MPLAB software Compatible with most PICmicro programmers Includes a compiler for all the PICmicro devices ha emme memeni ee mp m e nr im m pea ms SS E E E me ep 20 fo pee e la d mn am m ar TE Minimum system requirements for these items Pentium PC running Windows 98 NT 2000 ME XP CD ROM drive 64MB RAM 10MB hard disk space Suitable for use with the Development Board shown above FLOWCODE FOR PICmicro V2 Flowcode is a very high level language programming system for PlCmicro microcontrollers based on_ flowcharts Flowcode allows you to design and simulate complex robotics and contro
2. THE No MAGAZINE FOR El ELEI gji vn a TE CHN L OGY amp COMPUTE l PR OJECT TS EVERYDAY Vol 34 No 7 i CAN 36 99 US 4 95 m p m LY fa Hi kl kn DE UA ice emulator and A Dalek VOICE ME Gils UNDE MUL A renin ad Hap En y goii or IM 4 JEENE PLUS BAGK 193 Dyussilns tronic WICE M i a eS TR Frm k mir Lisa LER lt pemag co uk f F g Copyright 2005 Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND UK and TechBites Interactive Inc PO Box 857 Madison Alabama 35758 USA All rights reserved WARNING The materials and works contained within EPE Online which are made available by Wimborne Publishing Ltd and TechBites Interactive Inc are copyrighted You are permitted to make a backup copy of the downloaded file and one 1 hard copy of such materials and works for your personal use International copyright laws however prohibit any further copying or reproduction of such materials and works or any republication of any kind TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd have used their best efforts in preparing these materials and works However TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd make no warranties of any kind expressed or implied with regard to the documentation or data contained herein and specifically disclaim without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability and f
3. PIC monitors switch presses records which switch and the time pressed Provision for monitoring up to 99 patients on the same unit e L C D displays latest recorded patient data Unit can be switched off without memory loss e Battery powered e Optional audio output via buzzer AUDIO SYSTEMS COMMUNICATIONS A preamplifier with automatic gain control and a power amplifier with switched audio filtering With a preamplifier based around discrete components this project should overcome the problems of specialist i c s dis appearing from the market that has dogged previous pro Jects over the years The design is sensitive enough to permit the direct connec tion of dynamic microphones effective in compressing dynamic range and has low noise and distortion levels This inexpensive project also describes an audio amplifier with switched filtering and the combination of the two circuits will considerably improve the performance of simple communi cations receivers and when used with electret microphones will ensure good performance for surveillance purposes MOTOR AMPLIFIER UNIT Originally designed for a Robot Wars robot this unit will provide bomb proof power for electric motors from stan dard radio control speed controllers Based on high power f e t drivers the unit was designed to drive 150W permanent magnet d c motors and in standard form will withstand up to 150A stall current The design should be
4. guess by Microchip You then include it into your own projects rather like the com ponent gallery or application wizards you might find with PC development using Microsoft Visual Studio for example However instead of dealing with windows controls Application Maestro includes modules for USART PC CAN and l e d s amongst many others Each module is accompanied by a readme file that describes in detail the functions that are available to you and how to use them in a project When you choose to generate the code you also get example test code to demonstrate its use in addition to the implementation files that you need to include in the project Depending on the module you choose you can get either ASM or C files produced Using the software is straightforward enough Fig l shows Application Maestro after launching from the desktop As can be seen it is a standalone program with a sim ple interface that does not integrate with the MPLAB IDE File Edt Tools Help J5 x Clock 3 2768 MHz should make it possible to get something on screen fairly quickly Ground Rules Reading the documentation for XLCD a few important ground rules for compatibility with the TK3 l c d interface are pleasingly confirmed The first is support for the 4 bit interface and choice of upper or lower nibble TK3 hardware uses RBO to RB3 Second is the ability to choose any port and pin for data transfer and control signals TK3
5. Fig 3 The notched blades of wire strip pers should prevent damage to the wires insulation using anything other than proper wire strippers tends to damage and seriously weaken the wire A tool that combines wire stripping and cutting is the cheapest option that will work reasonably well These tools are first rate at stripping insulation but are not always perfect at cutting very fine wires However you can always add a pair of small wire cutters later should the need arise Wire strippers have notched blades that leave an aperture for the wire Fig 3 The idea is to almost cut through the insulation so that the unwanted sec tion is easily broken away leaving the wire undamaged Wire strippers can be adjusted to suit various wire gauges In Fig 4 there is a bolt which can be loosened slid to a suitable setting and then tightened again This method is a bit awkward if you need to make frequent changes but has the advantage of not getting accidentally knocked to a different set ting In Fig 5 there is a simple rotary control disc that is calibrated with a range of wire gauges Wire gauge calibration is not really very helpful since multi strand connect ing wire is used in most projects In other words inside the insulation there are several fine wires rather than one thick one This makes the lead more flexible and less prone to breaking The best set ting has to be found using the suck it and see method The o
6. of the hardware or software variety past the presets and program your own sounds and effects this practical and well illustrated book tells you what you need to know Order code PC118 7 45 QUICK GUIDE TO MP3 AND DIGITAL MUSIC lan Waugh MP3 files the latest digital music format have taken the music industry by storm What are they Where do you get them How do you use them Why have they thrown record companies into a panic Will they make music easier to buy And cheaper Is this the future of music All these questions and more are answered in this concise and practical book which explains everything you need to know about MP3s in a simple and easy to understand manner It explains How to play MP3s on your computer How to use MP3s with handheld MP3 players Where to find MP3s on the Web How MP3s work How to tune into Internet radio stations How to create your own MP3s How to record your own CDs from MP3 files Other digital audio music formats 368 pages 60 pages Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Whether you want to stay bang up to date with the lat est music or create your own MP3s and join the on line digital music revolution this book will show you how Order code PC119 7 45 ELECTRONIC MUSIC AND MIDI PROJECTS R A Penfold Whether you wish to save money boldly go where no musi cian has gone before rekindle the pioneering spirit or sim ply have fun building some electronic music
7. pre written code supplied and tested I 496 Drag and drop one or more modules to Selected Module ist Fig 1 Microchip s Application Maestro software Available modules are shown on the left configuration parameters for the selected XLCD module on the right Modules are chosen from the avail able list on the left of the screen then dragged into the selected list on the right Selected modules can then be configured to your own requirements before the code is generated for you Continuing the 1 c d theme The XLCD external 1 c d module was chosen for a quick look to see how easy this all really is Using EPE Toolkit TK3 as the programmer on permanent standby next to the PC and MPLAB to assemble the module Note these hardware caveat s are only relevant if you are specifically using the l c d header on the TK3 board You can of course program your PIC in circuit as an alternative and wire up the display howev er you want The XLCD documentation goes on to describe what functions are available to optimise development effort and they all look pretty self explanatory for example XLCDInit XLCDCIear and mXLCD SendMessage m for macro Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 The screen shot in Fig l shows the XLCD module selected and ready for con figuration TK3 1 c d users should choose the following 4 bit interface lower nibble Interface mode Nibble selection Data Port PO
8. of the general points readers have raised Have vou anything interesting to say Drop us a line All letters quoted here have previously been replied to directly Analyser kindly donated by Peak Electronic Design Ltd will be awarded to the author of the Letter Of The Month each month The Atlas LCR automatically measures inductance from 1uH to 10H capacitance from 1pF to 10 000uF and resistance from 1Q to 2MQ with a basic accuracy of 1 LETTER OF THE MONTH Rally Components Dear EPE Over the many years I have been reading your fabulous magazine I have also been attending various radio ral lies the main purpose of which is to pick up bargains Recently I have had a few experiences which have forced me to re think whether or not I should buy at these rallies For instance I had some surface mount capacitors marked 20V but which went up in smoke at 15V also some triacs which were defective Add to this a recent investigation into cheap counterfeit components then you can see why I am thinking about this issue So are these rally bargains worth having and how can I tell if the com ponents are ok or not It seems to me that it depends on several factors including where you are on the hobby ladder beginner or experienced what components you are talking about what the components are to be used for to name but a few Stocking Up If you are a beginner then rallies are a good way to build up y
9. s project which could be tweaked and modified in various ways see later Such modifications may by all IC2 HEF4017BP means include the all bells and whistles option Circuit Diagram The complete circuit diagram for the Multi Clap Switch is shown in Fig 1 The preamplifier is based on unbuffered hex inverter IC1 of which stages ICla and IC1b are biased into their linear region by resistors R1 and R2 respectively A cheap piezo sounder without integral electronics is used for the microphone This generates a small voltage when a sound is picked up This unsettles the potential at Cla s input and thus that at its output passing this instability and amplifying it down the chain of inverter gates IC1b to IC1f The final stage IC 1f has its input biased normally high by resistor R3 This main tains ICIf s output in a low state in the absence of an input signal Notice that all of IC1 s gates are sepa rated by d c blocking capacitors This prevents any slight d c bias at an early input from being magnified through the chain The preamplifier has a higher sensitivi ty than usual for a clap switch and if a blunter response is desired the values of resistors R1 and R2 may be reduced to 10k 2 each or less Alternatively holes are provided on the printed circuit board p c b for leapfrogging inverter gates IC1c and IC1d taking them out of circuit as shown by the dotted line to decrease t
10. If this is increased to say luF the circuit will require very slow claps to sequence decade counter IC2 By balancing the values of R7 and C8 one may set such tight margins for the circuit that no untrained person should be able to trigger it The component most likely to require adjustment is R7 therefore holes are pro vided on the p c b for a multiturn preset potentiometer to replace R7 if desired A IMQ preset potentiometer should suf fice for a sequence of one to nine claps unless the sequence should be particularly slow Note that the photographs differ slightly from the final layout in Fig 3 Once the preset has been adjusted as preferred the value of C8 may be increased if desired to make the timing of the claps more strin gent Alternatively begin by selecting a value for C8 then adjust the value of R7 If desired and you are prepared to modi fy the p c b the total number of claps could be doubled to a maximum of 18 This could be done by incorporating the spare D type flip flop IC3b between C2 and IC3a This would require a second series of claps to trigger the switch say nine claps then time out then a further nine claps In this case the chosen output of IC2 would be taken to IC3b clock input pin 11 IC3b pins 8 and 10 would be taken to OV and pins 9 and 12 would serve as the output to be taken to C3a clock input pin 3 Finally the possibility exists for trigger ing an alarm if the circ
11. Ratchet Crimping Pliers High quality ratchet crimping pliers for various terminal INC uding Automotive Data Power and Data connections Red Blue Yellow 15 80 BNC TNC RF series 15 08 RJ11 12 Data Series 22 32 RJ45 Data Series 20 43 RJ11 12 amp 45 Series 12 64 CK Tools Crimp Pliers Green Red Blue 24 38 Red Blue Yellow 22 88 26 01 26 01 0 24 2 5mm crimps 0 5 6 0mm crimps Non insulated crimps 24 38 Cable Ribbon 7 0 127mm Grey ribbon cable on a 0 05 1 27mm pitch with a red identifying stripe Supplied by 305mm 1ft or on full 30 5m 1004 reels Size per 305m per Reel 10 Way 0 10 14 Way 16 Way 20 Way 26 Way 34 Way 40 Way 50 Way 60 Way 0 64 IDC Crimp tool CAT 5e Networking UTP Cable 5m Box conforms to CAT5E 100MHz standard ETA verified TIA EIA 568 B 2 Only 23 93 per box exc carriage RJ45 Outlet Kit Backing Box 2 Gang Plate RJ45 Module Blank Module Colour coded id Inserts special price 2 99 Tools Plastic punch down tool amp cable stripper 1 40 Professional punch down IDC amp trim tool 7 33 Se NOW In Stock Patch amp Cross over leads from 0 50 Full range of outle modules keystone outlets switches amp accessories Editorial Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS EDITORIAL Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email enquiries epe
12. and the battery A small PP3 9V battery is sufficient to power the circuit and no separate on off switch is required The battery connector should be soldered directly to the pads pro vided on the p c b Tuning Up Once construction is complete the tune must be set up by adjusting the pre sets VRI to VR9 Ideally a good ear for music is required but it s not essential unless your visitors tell you so The tune is initiated by pressing switch S1 and each preset must be adjusted to produce the required note with VR1 controlling the pitch of the first note VR2 the second and so on Where a space is required as after the first four notes in the Westminster Chime for example the preset and or diode should be removed or not fitted As the presets fit ted are skeleton types i e not enclosed it will be found easier to adjust them if an insulated screwdriv er is used This is not for safety reasons as the circuit only oper ates from 9V but a metal blade may pick up mains hum and cause unwanted fre quency modulation of the tone making it difficult to set the required frequency The values of the presets 470kQ2 should allow a reasonably large frequency range to be obtained If a lower frequency is required for a particular note the value of the associ ated preset may be increased or a 470kQ fixed resistor added in series The speed at which the notes are played depends on the values of resistor R1 an
13. close to each 1 c For this reason also two CMOS 7555 timer i c s are used instead of a single 7556 Potentiometers VR1 and VR2 are 25 turn cermet preset types which are adjusted so that the potentials at the two trigger inputs pins 2 are held just a little higher than triggering about one third of the supply voltage When the circuit has been positioned together with the beam as required start by adjusting VRI so that l e d D1 safely extinguishes At this point sounder WD1 which should be of the type that includes an integral oscillator may or may not be sounding Now adjust VR2 until WDI just stops sounding Then re adjust VR1 until l e d D1 just extinguishes again At this stage the circuit is set up and ready for use If someone walks past l d r R1 first monostable timer IC1 is triggered causing field effect transistor TR1 to conduct which causes IC2 trigger input pin 2 to go high Monostable timer IC2 therefore admits no further input pulses at trigger input pin 2 and the sounder fails to sound However if someone should walk in the opposite direction 1 d r R6 sends a pulse to IC2 trig ger input pin 2 before IC1 is able to disable the input and the sounder is activated Depending on the positioning of the l d r s and on the speed of persons passing by resistor R3 may require some adjustment to hold IC2 trigger input pin 2 high for a longer period That is if some one walking in the wrong direction shoul
14. ponents such as capacitors and transistors x x El sl el El SI EE 8 I nm v D ET E3 FRE 29 3 46in 88mm Care should be taken to ensure that the diodes transistor and electrolytic capacitors Cl and C4 are fitted the correct way around before they are soldered This also applies to IC1 and IC2 for which sockets should be used Only insert the i c s after all of the other components have been soldered and the assembly checked for accuracy As usual with CMOS i c s precautions should be taken to avoid damaging them by static electricity discharge Touch an earth ed metal item such as a central heating ALTERNATIVE DOOR SWITCH 9V OV Fig 4 2 Printed circuit board component layout wiring details and full size underside copper foil master pattern 505 radiator to discharge any static from your body prior to handling the devices Although switch S1 will normally be mounted on the doorframe the board has been designed to enable a switch to be mounted on it This enables the circuit to be tested and set up as a unit without the need for a door mounted switch Once the circuit has been set up this switch may be removed or left in place as preferred and the door switch connected instead The speaker should be connected to the pads on the board using suitable lengths of wire It should be mounted in a small plastic box of your choice along with the p c b
15. 12901 0239 Published on approximately the second Thursday of each month by Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Printed in England by Apple Web Offset Ltd Warrington WA1 4RW Distributed by COMAG Magazine Marketing Tavistock Rd West Drayton UB7 7QE Subscriptions INLAND 16 50 6 months 31 12 months 57 2 years OVERSEAS Stan dard air service 19 50 6 months 37 12 months 69 2 years Express airmail 28 50 6 months 55 12 months 105 2 years Payments payable to Everyday Practical Electronics Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd Email subs 0 epemag wimborne co uk EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is sold subject to the following conditions namely that it shall not without the written consent of the Publishers first having been given be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of Trade at more than the recommended selling price shown on the cover and that it shall not be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of in a mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way of Trade or affixed to or as part of any publication or advertising literary or pictorial matter whatsoever
16. 1500mm 48in Plastic waste pipe 41mm 1 1 2in outside diameter glue screws rubber feet nylon ball from deodorant bottle tag strip Buffer Amplifier Readers who have a communications receiver that can be tuned below 100kHz or who wish to use a regenerative receiver will need a simple buffer amplifier to match the tuned circuits just described to the aerial input terminals on their sets Er Circuit Details TRI The circuit diagram for a De Simple Buffer Amplifier is shown in Fig 8 Field effect transistor TR1 is configured as a source follower common ae drain stage Its high input impedance minimizes damping on the signal frequency tuned cir cuit and its low output impedance ensures a good match to the receiver s input 2N3819 1N4148 circuitry There is no voltage gain but the impedance trans formation results in some power gain The output is developed across source load preset potentiometer VR1 Making this a variable preset enables receiver 484 the output to be reduced to avoid overload ing the receiver If desired a standard rotary potentiometer can be substituted as a front L E D TO AERIAL AND EARTH TERMINALS OF RECEIVER VIA CO AXIAL CABLE Fig 8 Circuit diagram for a high low impedance Buffer Amplifier This will match high impedance LF VLF tuned cir cuits to the low impedance aerial input of a communications Completed home brewed loop aerial The measured inductance of
17. 2 from Volume 5 onwards the available relevant software for Interface articles is also included EE SEE EE PEER Post Code Lu srseen karin I L I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners EXTRA ARTICLES ON ALL VOLUMES He BASIC SOLDERING GUIDE Alan Winstanley s internationally EEE ENERSEN ETA ND I acclaimed fully illustrated guide UNDERSTANDING PASSIVE COMPO NENTS Introduction to the basic principles of passive components Card No oc ccc cb bbb be eee eee HOW TO USE INTELLIGENT L C Ds by Julyan llett An utterly practi cal guide to interfacing and programming intelligent liquid crystal display Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under modules PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 1 Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 2 Creating an Event Counter By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown INTERGRAPH COMPUTER SYSTEMS 3D GRAPHICS A chapter from Intergraph s book that explains computer graphics technology FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE by Barry Fox Russian rockets launching American Satellites PC ENGINES by Ernest Flint The evolution of Intel s microprocessors THE ENDTO ALL DISEASE by Aubrey Scoon The original work of Rife COLLECTING AND RESTORING VINTAGE RADIOS by Paul Stenning THE LIFE amp WORKS OF KONRAD ZUSE a brilliant pioneer in th
18. 5 to plus VAT prices Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 501 TEACH IN 2000 LEAN ELEC TRONICS WITH EPE EPE s own Teach In CD ROM contains the full 12 part Teach In series by John Becker in PDF form plus the Teach In interactive software Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series We have also added Alan Winstanley s highly acclaimed Basic Soldering Guide which is fully illustrated and which also includes Desoldering The Teach In series covers Colour Codes and Resistors Capacitors Potentiometers Sensor Resistors Ohm s Law Diodes and L E D s Waveforms Frequency and Time Logic Gates Binary and Hex Logic Op amps Comparators Mixers Audio and Sensor Amplifiers Transistors Transformers and Rectifiers Voltage Regulation Integration Differentiation 7 segment Displays L C D s Digital to Analogue Each part has an associated practical section and the series includes a simple PC interface Win 95 98 ME ONLY so you can use your PC as a basic oscilloscope with the various circuits A hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try out 12 45 including VAT and postage Requires Adobe Acrobat available free from the Internet www adobe com acrobat FREE WITH EACH TEACH IN CD ROM Electronics Hobbyist Compendium 80 page book by Robert Penfold Covers Tools For The Job Component Testing Oscilloscope Basics FREE BOOK WITH TEACH IN 2000 CD ROM Eiect
19. 512 Doorchime and 513 Dice PLEASE TAKE NOTE Crossword Solver May 05 In Fig 1 page 317 J3 1 should connect to I c d pin 5 R W and J3 2 to I c d pin 6 E Back to Basics Pt 4 Scarecrow June 05 Pages 431 432 Fig 3 1 and Fig 3 2 The drain d and source s nota tions of TR2 and TR4 should be swapped over the orientation of the transistors on the p c b should be rotated accordingly equipment A couple of our audio room devices shown complete with battery fitted The pen tip is shown for size comparison Yes they really are this small Get hold of a copy of our catalogue for full details of these and many other audio surveillance devices Full of interesting info Ultra miniature VHF surveillance bug 29 95 p amp p The Workshops 95 Main Road Baxterley Warwickshire CV9 2LE UK Tel Fax 01827 714476 Wwww suma designs co uk for our free 2005 497 Product Revelw Discovering PICs Reviewed Robert Penfold Robert takes a look at a basic introduction to PIC project building and programming S the title of this educational material indicates it is designed to help the user make a start with designing gadg ets based on PIC processors Discovering PICs is available as a book and CD ROM or as a complete package that includes a hardware kit that enables the user to gain some hands on experi ence with PICs The Discovering PICs book is at the heart of the sy
20. 92 pages 150 pages Computers and Computing THE INTERNET FOR THE OLDER GENERATION Jim Gatenby Especially written for the over 50s Uses only clear and easy to understand language Larger type size for easy reading Provides basic knowledge to give you confi dence to join the local computer class This book explains how to use your PC on the Internet and covers amongst other things Choosing and setting up your computer for the Internet Getting connected to the Internet Sending and receiving emails pho tographs etc so that you can keep in touch with fam ily and friends all over the world Searching for and saving information on any subject On line shopping and home banking Setting up your own simple web site Order code BP600 8 99 228 pages HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN PC Third Edition Morris Rosenthal More and more people are building their own PCs They get more value for their money they create exactly the machine they want and the work is highly satisfying and actually fun That is if they have a unique begin ner s guide like this one which visually demonstrates how to construct a state of the art computer from start to finish Through 150 crisp photographs and clear but minimal text readers will confidently absorb the concepts of computer building The extra big format makes it easy to see what s going on in the pictures For non special ists there s even a graphical glossary that clearly illustrates tec
21. A R27 10Q C19 100n Fig 4 Circuit diagram for the envelope modulation and power amp output stages 462 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 main power amplifier However alternatives to this setup have been provided Via socket SK1 a line level signal or that from an external high output microphone can be input via a c coupling capacitor C7 to the op amp stage around IC4b Gain control VR2 allows the signal gain to be varied between about x1 and about x100 The op amp s output is capacitively cou pled by C8 to the filter stage around IC4c limiting the frequency range seen by the ADC beyond the scope of this article to discuss The output from IC4c is routed in two directions The path notated as being via switch S2 can be routed to the PIC in Fig 1 at its RAO analogue input The other route is to the modulated envelope shaping cir cuit shown around IC5 in Fig 4 Provision for an optional built in elec tret microphone module MIC1 to be used has also been provided This is powered via resistor R5 and coupled via capacitor C5 to the secondary switched signal ter minal of SK1 When SK1 does not have an external signal source plugged in the elec tret s signal is switched by SK1 s contacts to connect with input capacitor C7 Resistors R8 and R9 provide midway bias 2 5V to IC4b and IC4c with capaci tor C14 providing smoothing Envelope Shaper The audio signals from IC4c in Fig 3 and IC4a
22. Boolean algebra Karnaugh maps State diagrams tables and machines Analog to digital and digital to analog Integrated circuits ICs Memory ICs Programmable ICs Application specific integrated circuits ASICs Circuit boards PWBs and DWBs Hybrids Multichip modules MCMs Alternative and future technologies 500 pages Order code BEB1 27 50 BEBOP BYTES BACK and the Beboputer Computer Simulator CD ROM Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown This follow on to Bebop to the Boolean Boogie is a multimedia extravaganza of information about how com at puters work It picks up where 7 te Bebop left off guiding you ag through the fascinating world of computer design and you ll have a few chuckles if not belly laughs along the way In addi tion to over 200 megabytes of mega cool multimedia the CD ROM contains a virtual microcomputer simulating a er the motherboard and standard computer peripherals in an extremely realistic manner In addition to a wealth of technical information myriad nuggets of trivia and hun dreds of carefully drawn illustrations the CD ROM con tains a set of lab experiments for the virtual microcom puter that let you recreate the experiences of early com puter pioneers If you re the slightest bit interested in the inner workings of computers then don t dare to miss this Over 800 pages in Adobe Acrobat format CD ROM Order code BEB2 CD ROM 21 95 SCROGGIE S FOUN
23. C19 5mm pitch 4 off C4 10p ceramic disc 5mm pitch C5 to C8 1u radial elect C11 C12 C20 16V 7 off C9 4n7 ceramic disc 5mm pitch C10 56p ceramic disc 5mm pitch C13 100p ceramic disc 5mm pitch C18 2200u radial elect 16V voltage nominally 9V and can deliver up to 1A into a loudspeaker load of 4Q upwards The speaker may be replaced by a pair of headphones if preferred File Edit Settings View Window Help Huo xf20msidiv a vpa z ETTET No a WE i t i i i ogo u N 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 11Apr2005 18 20 Tel Stopped Trigger None 1 so Po la Fig 5 Example of a modulated signal created by the Cybervox It was produced using the Pico Picoscope for Windows PC interface Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Semiconductors D1 1N4148 signal diode IC1 PIC18F252 microcontroller pre programmed see text IC2 78L05 5V 100mA voltage regulator IC3 TLC7524 8 bit digital to analogue converter IC4 LMC6484 quad Op amp rail to rail IC5 LM13700 dual transconductance op amp IC6 L272 dual power amplifier Miscellaneous MIC1 electret micro phone insert optional see text SK1 switched mono jack socket size to suit SK2 mono jack socket size to suit SK3 power supply sock et type of choice see text S1 Ss p s t min toggle switch s p d t min toggle switch 2 off 52 S3 l Printed circuit board available from ie EPE PCB S
24. CAPACITOR AND LOOP AERIAL ii Hg AND LOOP AERIAL TO EARTHY SIDE OF TUNING CAPACITOR 2 91in 74mm Fig 3 Printed circuit board component layouts wiring details and full size copper track master for the mixer oscilla tor circuit 1 98in 50mm Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 481 TUNED PRIMARY L1 2 X 30 TURNS _ 60 TURNS 6mm 1 4in DIA PLASTIC POTENTIOMETER SPINDLE AS FORMER Y ALL WINDINGS 36 S W G 32 A W G 2mm WIDE STRIPS OF MASKING ENAMELLED COPPER WIRE SECONDARY TAPE WOUND AROUND FORMER ALL TURNS IN SAME DIRECTION L2 15 TURNS TO FORM BOBBIN CHEEKS FORMER 18mm 3 4in LONG Completed i f transformer The excess plastic spindle should be trimmed back to the bobbin cheek Fig 4 Converter i f transformer construction and winding details Wind the central secondary section first to permit loop over between the two primary sections Primary is tuned with a 2p to 22p trimmer plus a fixed capacitor see Fig 1 Fixed capacitor values for various i f frequencies are as follows 4MHz 82p 6MHz 39p 8MHz 10p 10MHz nil Table 1 LF VLF Tuning Inductor Coil Measured Inductance Values Tapping No of Inductance No Turns mH 1 100 1 3 2 200 3 9 3 300 7 7 TAPPED INDUCTOR YOU WILL NEED 4 400 12 8 Reel 50g 202 of 36s w g 32a w g enamelled copper 5 500 19 9 wire plastic overflow pipe for coil former length 125mm Sin 6 600 27 2 with 21mm 7 8in outsid
25. EPE PCB Service code 513 As before assemble the board in the usual order of ascending component size and do not insert the i c s until the assembly s accuracy has been checked Take the normal anti static precautions If high brightness l e d s are used the values of ballast resis tors R4 to R7 will probably be found to be satisfactory but with some l e d s there may be a noticeable variation in brightness This is due to the fact that groups B C and D each consist of two series connected l e d s while group A contains only one As well as this some outputs of the counter have to drive two or three chains simultaneously while others drive only one Any difference in the l e d brilliance can be rectified by altering the values of the appropriate resistors The push button switch can be mounted on the board but if the circuit is to be built into a box complete with battery a panel mount ed switch will be required This will need to be connected to the p c b by flying leads k a k a On 2 40in 61mm Fig 4 6 Topside printed circuit board component layout and full size underside copper foil master The circuit can be powered by a 9V PP3 battery and as the circuit draws virtually no current when the display is off no on off switch is required The unit is simple to use and involves simply pressing and releasing switch S1 allowing players to concentrate on the game Next Month In Part 5 next month we present a K
26. FORM NOTCH FOR LEAD OUT CHEEKS over TO CARD STRIP WRAPPED AROUND FORMER Fig 5 Circuit schematic for a tapped inductor coil to help match the aerial to the receiver See Table 1 for schedule of inductance values 482 Fig 6 LF VLF tuning inductor coil construction details See Table 1 for coil winding turns information Tappings at the start of the coil are for injection of positive feed back to produce Q multiplication see text Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Tuning Inductors Coils The formulae relating inductance capac itance and frequency in a tuned circuit are given in the accompanying panel They have been expressed in the units normally encountered at these frequencies If the value of the inductance is known it is a simple matter to calculate the capacitance required to tune it to a desired frequency and vice versa The only commercial coils currently available to home constructors are those manufactured by Toko A CAN1A350EK longwave aerial coil with both windings connected in series and the ferrite core screwed fully down presents an inductance of 4 4mH Teamed with the tuning capacitor unit already described this will permit cov erage down to 45kHz A longwave ferrite loop aerial coil placed at the centre of its rod will have an inductance of approximately 5mH and the capacitor arrangement will tune this down to 42kHz If the medium wave winding usually part of the rod aerial is plac
27. If Thomas thinks the Cape is dangerous he should live up here for a season I live in a remote vil lage in north NSW near Taree Recently we had a pile driver of a storm that put down a dozen really heavy strokes with in 500m over half an hour Local storm watchers rated it a 10 and admitted that for once like me they took cover too A while back I was less than 10m from a strike to a power pole and last month a number of people witnessed a leader come in a kitchen window and miss someone by only a metre A friend s place got hit last year and he was treated to two or three seconds of ball lightning about the size of a golf ball about 10cm off a corner of his stove I really wish I d been there to see it myself Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 not even have transistors or integrated circuits the computer had been based on valves and germanium diodes and with ferromagnetic cores as the memory devices Some even had Nixie tubes as the data displays These boards also got stripped Those stripped components taught me to understand what such components could do but not necessarily why and how to check whether or not they were faulty and what values unmarked pas sive devices might have With the aid of the electronics mags which then prolifer ated I would experiment with the sim pler published circuits of which many used valves and which I often had from the TVs I even built a valve tester to
28. It also contains both European and American circuit symbols Sections include Fundamentals units amp multiples electricity electric circuits alternating circuits Passive Components resistors capacitors inductors transformers Semiconductors diodes transistors op amps logic gates Passive Circuits Active Circuits The Parts Gallery will help students to recognise common electronic components and their corresponding symbols in circuit diagrams Included in the Institutional Versions are multiple choice questions exam style questions fault finding virtual laboratories and investigations worksheets ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS Complimentary output stage TT F Tr PE Pre ee PL a DE oe a Virtual laboratory Traffic Lights me Snare ur L r Filter synthesis Analogue Electronics is a complete learning resource for this most difficult branch of electronics The CD ROM includes a host of virtual laboratories animations diagrams photographs and text as well as a SPICE electronic circuit simulator with over 50 pre designed circuits Sections on the CD ROM include Fundamentals Analogue Signals 5 sections Transistors 4 sections Waveshaping Circuits 6 sections Op Amps 17 sections covering everything from Symbols and Signal Connections to Differentiators Amplifiers Single Stage Amplifiers 8 sections Multi stage Amplifiers 8 sections Filters Passive Filters 10 sections Phase Shi
29. Manual Programming Hardware with LED bench testing section Win 3 11 XP Programming Software will Program Read Verify amp Erase and a rewritable PIC16F84A that you can use with different code 4 detailed examples provided for you to learn from Connects to PC parallel port Kit Order Code 3081KT 14 95 Assembled Order Code AS3081 24 95 ABC Maxi AVR a oe Board The ABC Maxi board mah has an open architec ture design based on Atmel s AVR AT9088535 RISC microcontroller and is ideal for developing new designs Features 8Kb of In System Programmable Flash 1000 write erase cycles 512 bytes internal SRAM 512 bytes EEPROM 8 analogue inputs range 0 5V e 4 Opto isolated Inputs I Os are bi directional with internal pull up resistors Output buffers can sink 20mA current direct l e d drive 4 x 12A open drain MOSFET outputs RS485 network connector amp 2 16 LCD Connector e 3 5mm Speaker Phone Jack Supply 9 12VDC The ABC Maxi STARTER PACK includes one assembled Maxi Board parallel and serial cables and Windows software CD ROM featuring an Assembler BASIC compiler and in system programmer Order Code ABCMAXISP 99 95 The ABC Maxi boards only can also be purchased separately at 79 95 each Controllers amp Loggers Here are just a few of the controller and data acquisition and control units we have See website for full details Suitable PSU for all uni
30. Part 1 High Speed Binary To Decimal For PICs Practically Speaking Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk Circuit Surgery PIC N Mix amp Network The Internet Page OCT 04 PROJECTS e EPE Theremin Smart Karts Part 1 Volts Checker amp Moon and Tide Clock Calendar FEATURES e Light Emitting Diodes 2 Circuit Surgery Interface Ingenuity Unlimited amp Techno Talk amp PIC N Mix Network The Internet Page ROBOTS Special Supplement 454 iss Meget a rd TT Peak TT TE SAETTA RAC TEA GATE ALARM Simeie varestile project es fo LIGHT DETECTOR gt and Inciiester 2 BIT MATHS FOR PICs In NOV 04 PROJECTS e Thunderstorm Monitor amp M W Amplitude Modulator amp Logic Probe Smart Karts 2 FEATURES e Light Emitting Diodes 3 Floating Point Maths for PICs Ingenuity Unlimited amp PE 40th Anniversary Circuit Surgery Techno Talk PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page DEC 04 Photocopies only PROJECTS e Super Vibration Switch Versatile PIC Flasher Wind Direction Indicator amp Smart Karts 3 FEATURES e Light Emitting Diodes 4 Ingenuity Unlimited amp Circuit Surgery amp Interface amp PIC N Mix e Techno Talk amp Net Work The Internet Page INDEX Vol 33 JAN 05 PROJECTS Speed Camera Watch amp Gate Alarm e Light Detector amp Smart Karts 4 FEATURES e Practially Speaking amp 32 Bit Signed Integer M
31. Penfold Shows the reader how to build a variety of increasingly sophis ticated computer controlled robots using the brilliant Lego Mindstorms Robotic Invention System RIS Initially covers fundamental building techniques and mechanics needed to construct strong and efficient robots using the various click together components supplied in the basic RIS kit Then explains in simple terms how the brain of the robot may be programmed on screen using a PC and zapped to the robot over an infra red link Also shows how a more sophisticated Windows programming language such as Visual BASIC may be used to control the robots Details building and programming instructions provided including numerous step by step photographs 288 pages large format Kyrie 14 99 MORE ADVANCED ROBOTICS WITH LEGO MINDSTORMS Robert Penfold Covers the Vision Command System Shows the reader how to extend the capabilities of the brilliant Lego Mindstorms Robotic Invention System RIS by using Lego s own accessories and some sim ple home constructed units You will be able to build robots that can provide you with waiter service when you clap your hands perform tricks see and avoid objects by using bats radar or accurately follow a line marked on the floor Learn to use additional types of sensors including rotation light temperature sound and ultrasonic and also explore the possibilities provid ed by using an additi
32. SQUARE 18 26 6 TRIANGLE 3 VR5 VR4 VR1 VR6 VR3 VR2 OUTPUT MOD DEPTH MOD RATE DELAY REVERB GAIN OV LINK TO NG Nn il lf rl oil g an If tH mt P il g Romie HE Eira Seo aay Ka 5 Gea GE EE 25 20 19 13 14 2 1 22 12 10 11 7 8 lt O 1 2 505345 6 VR2 7 25 VR2 24 8 23 SK1 9 WIPER 10 22 11 21 Tall 13 VR4 14 MIC1 15 SK1 16 MIC1 OV 17 SEE TEXT REGARDING POT PRESET USE AND SOCKET TYPE 20 19 18 Fig 6 component track ne m layout and interwiring details for the Cybervox printed circuit board See text regarding use MIC1 of preset or rotary potentiometers SEE TEXT E E amp 464 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 gt n mep le a Construction Printed circuit board component and track layout details are shown in Fig 6 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 514 The board has been designed for panel mounted or preset potentiometers to be used This allows a compact unit to be assembled for dedicated use in a Dalek type voice context or as a unit with wider applications Choose the pot type suited to your intentions If the preset pot version is built ignore the panel mounted poten tiometer wiring shown in Fig 6 Assemble in the usual order of ascend ing component size from link wires upwards Use sockets for the d i 1 dual in line i c s but do not insert these i c s until the completed assembly has been fully checked for accuracy and the cor rectness of the 5
33. Tuning capacitors are sometimes mount ed directly on the loop aerial and the loop connected to the receiver via a low imped ance coupling winding With this design the tuning capacitors are enclosed with the Converter or Buffer Amplifier and the loop is connected to them via separate and short no more than 600mm or 2ft unscreened leads This makes for easier operation of the system If any interference is encountered rotate the loop to null it out Orientation for strongest signal is quite broad but the posi tion for deepest null is critical Readers seeking the deepest possible nulls on distant stations should consider a gimbal mount so the loop can be tilted as Q Multiplier mounted on the LF VLF Loop Aerial well as turned With additional tuning capacitance the loop performs well down to 14kHz Buffer Amplifier Turning to the Buffer Amplifier connect a 9V battery and switch on Current con sumption should be approximately 2mA excluding any l e d indicator Set preset VRI for maximum output fully clockwise and connect the buffer to the receiver via a short not more than I metre or 3ft length of coaxial cable see Fig 9 Connect a tuned circuit and an aeri al to the buffer input and set the receiver tuning to a weak station When the buffer stage tuning has been correctly adjusted the rise in signal strength at the receiver should be very apparent If strong signals overload the receiver VRI can b
34. VR3 in Fig 2 are fed to envelope shaper IC5 in Fig 4 where they are mixed They are applied to the inverting input at pin 4 having been severely attenuated by the action of R12 R14 and R18 as required by this transconductance stage The non inverting input at pin 3 is biased at half line level 2 5V as set by R17 and R20 As the input control current at pin I swings high and low in response to the mod ulating waveform fed it so the signal ampli tude at pins 5 and 7 rises and falls Since the amplitude is also dependent on the value of resistor R22 the signal needs to be buffered by the Darlington transistor within ICS The transistor is emitter coupled to load resistor R23 and the output signal here is capacitively coupled via C16 to volume control VR5 From VRS the signal is fed to the mini power amplifier stage around IC6 This device is powered at the full battery NooScope for Windows NONAME PSD COMPONENTS Resistors R1 R18 R19 R2 to R5 R17 R20 R23 R6 100k 12 off R8 to R12 R14 to R16 R22 R25 R26 ete R13 3k3 page R24 22k R27 1002 All 0 25W 5 carbon film or better 1k 3 off 10k 7 off Potentiometers VR1 VR3 VR4 VR6 VR2 100k lin panel mounting 4 off 1M lin rotary panel mounting 10k log panel mounting All pots may be min round preset if preferred see text VR5 Capacitors C1 C15t0 C17 22u radial elect 16V 4 off C2 C3 100n ceramic disc C14
35. a half winding 30 turns is 1 65mH and of the full winding 60 turns around 4 74mH The calculated self capacitance of the full winding is 60pF and this should be taken into account when estimating the capacitance needed to tune to higher frequencies within the band panel control but the leads to the printed circuit board if longer than 75mm 3in must be screened Together with preset VRI gate resistor R1 ensures the correct biasing of transistor TRI Cl is a d c blocking capacitor and diodes D1 and D2 protect TR1 s gate g from high voltages The stage is decoupled by R2 and C3 and C2 functions as a d c blocking capacitor in the out put feed The l e d On indicator D3 with its dropping resistor R3 is optional Stability with ageing batteries is ensured by capaci tor C4 and switch S1 connects the battery to the circuit Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 30 turns plus 30 turns EN ar ae total 60 tums pi 1 tiin mm p tee 4 of 24 SWG 23 AWG mi enamelled copper wire i A Comb pieces a a o N pr H mm X 80mm X 6mm 4 Er 13 din X 3 Ain X 1i4im BOmm Windings supported i 1 8in l do Mmm by comb peces PE 13 1Min rn Form shallow saw culs al Smm X16in centres to Secure windings p Glue and screw octagonal 2No octagonal plates plates to struts FA Er A Struts 3imm X 21mm T sett Ta ae 1 W4in X 4in beara aa gd r O
36. accept legal responsibility for it A number of projects and circuits published in EPE employ voltages than can be lethal You should not build test modify or renovate any item of mains powered equipment unless you fully understand the safety aspects involved and you use an RCD adaptor COMPONENT SUPPLIES We do not supply electronic components or kits for building the projects featured these can be supplied by advertisers see Shoptalk We advise readers to check that all parts are still available before commencing any project in a back dated issue ADVERTISEMENTS Although the proprietors and staff of EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS take reasonable precautions to protect the interests of readers by ensuring as far as practicable that advertisements are bona fide the maga zine and its Publishers cannot give any under takings in respect of statements or claims made by advertisers whether these advertise ments are printed as part of the magazine or in inserts The Publishers regret that under no circum stances will the magazine accept liability for non receipt of goods ordered or for late delivery or for faults in manufacture TRANSMITTERS BUGS TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT We advise readers that certain items of radio transmitting and telephone equipment which may be advertised in our pages cannot be legally used in the UK Readers should check the law before buying any transmitting or telephone equipment as a fine confiscatio
37. all components High coil current ensures maximum effect L E D monitor KIT 868 22 95 POWER UNIT 3 99 MICRO PEST SCARER Our latest design The ultimate scarer for the garden Uses special microchip to give random delay and pulse time Easy to build reliable circuit Keeps pets pests away from newly sown areas play areas etc uses power source from 9 to 24 volts e RANDOM PULSES e HIGH POWER e DUAL OPTION JE 7 oid ts ead en EE 19 99 KIT SLAVE UNIT 000005 32 50 WINDICATOR A novel wind speed indicator with LED readout Kit comes complete with sensor cups and weatherproof sensing head Mains power unit 5 99 extra DUAL OUTPUT TENS UNIT As featured in March 97 issue Magenta have prepared a FULL KIT for this excellent new project All components PCB hardware and electrodes are included Designed for simple assembly and testing and providing high level dual output drive 4 spare electrodes 6 50 KIT 866 Full kit including four electrodes 32 90 1000V amp 500V INSULATION TESTER Superb new design Regulated output efficient circuit Dual scale meter compact case Reads up to 200 Megohms Kit includes wound coil cut out i case meter scale PCB amp ALL components KIT 848 32 95 Keep pets pests away from newly sown areas fruit vegetable and flower beds children s play areas patios etc This project produces inten
38. and reliability This month s Net Work is devoted to introducing some of the features of the new message board It can be accessed at the same address as before using the Chat Zone buttons on the main web site or you can navigate directly to the new URL at www chat zones co uk I am grateful to Malcolm Wiles for assisting with final testing during April 2005 The new forum is open to all web users and any visitor can view the messages with a modern web browser In order to post a message it is necessary to register using an authentic email address You can choose your own Username no spaces and password noting that the Username is the one thing that cannot be subsequently edited Your Username will appear in your messages and when users click on your Username link your Profile will be displayed noting that you can choose as much or as little information as you want to be shown After logging in with your Username and password by click ing the Profile icon you can access your personal settings and it is worth spending five minutes examining the options available Your Real Name can be anything you like and does not have to be your real life full name some users make their Username and Real Name the same or different Your email address must be a current live address but it will not be available to other users except when you opt to display it in your profile if you edit your email address a re authentication key will be sen
39. but whose early death during the darkest days of World War Two led to a shroud of secrecy which has covered his life and achievements ever since His 1931 Patent for a Binaural Recording System was so revolutionary that most of his contemporaries regarded it as more than 20 years ahead of its time Even years after his death the full magnitude of its detail had not been fully utilized Among his 128 patents are the principal electronic circuits critical to the development of the world s first elecronic television system During his short working life Blumlein produced patent after patent breaking entirely new ground in electronic and audio engineering During the Second World War Alan Blumlein was deeply engaged in the very secret work of radar development and contributed enormously to the system eventually to become H25 blind bombing radar Tragically during an experi mental H2S flight in June 1942 the Halifax bomber in which Blumlein and several colleagues were flying crashed and all aboard were killed He was just days short of his thirty ninth birthday Order code NE32 17 99 420 pages 60 pages VIDEO PROJECTS FOR THE ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR R A Penfold Written by highly respected author R A Penfold this book contains a collection of electronic projects specially designed for video enthusiasts All the projects can be simply constructed and most are suitable for the new comer to project construction
40. capacitors operational amplifiers diodes transistors SCRs and triacs with the aid of only a limited amount of test equipment The construction and use of a Tristate Continuity Tester a Signal Tracer a Logic Probe and a CMOS Tester are also included 138 pages 136 pages Temporarily out of print PRACTICAL FIBRE OPTIC PROJECTS R A Penfold While fibre optic cables may have potential advantages over ordinary electric cables for the electronics enthusiast it is probably their novelty value that makes them worthy of exploration Fibre optic cables provide an innovative interesting alternative to electric cables but in most cases they also represent a practical approach to the problem This book provides a number of tried and tested circuits for projects that utilize fibre optic cables The projects include Simple audio links F M audio link P W M audio links Simple d c links P W M d c link P W M motor speed control RS232C data links MIDI link Loop alarms R P M meter All the components used in these designs are readily available none of them require the constructor to take out a second mortgage 132 pages Order code BP374 5 45 DISCOVERING PICS W D Phillips A good introduction to PIC programming covering every MAKIRI Ne Vai thing you need to know to get you started No previous knowledge of microcontrollers is required but some previous experience with electronic circuits is assumed Covers the ba
41. care if you join the Tardis in its travels and to only exterminate the enemy what ever form it takes Definitive plans for a PIC controlled Sonic Screwdriver have not yet been finalised but the author s thinking on it Resources Software including source code files for the Cybervox is available on 3 5inch disk from the Editorial office a small han dling charge applies see the EPE PCB Service page or it can be downloaded free from the EPE Downloads site accessible via the home page at www epemag co uk It is held in the PICs folder under 14 99 US Cybervox Download all the files within that folder This month s Shoptalk provides infor mation about obtaining pre programmed PICs The PIC program source code ASM was written using EPE Toolkit TK3 soft ware also available via the Downloads site and a variant of the TASM dialect It may be translated to MPASM via TK3 if preferred The run time assembly is sup plied as an MPASM HEX file which has PIC18F configurations embedded in it If you wish to program the PIC yourself sim ply load this HEX file into the PIC using your own PIC programming software and hardware L BUY AND DOWNLOAD YOUR ISSUES FROM THE WEB Approximately 8 00 per year www epemag com PLEASE ENSURE YOU TELEPHONE TO CHECK AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT BEFORE ORDERING OR CALLING SPECIAL OFFERS OSCILLOSCOPES TEKTRONIX 2247A 4 Channel 100MHz Counter Timer Voltme
42. check them I learned a lot that way and it did not actually matter that I perhaps never The lightning toll on electronic gear is pretty high and anything connected to power and phone computer fax TAM cordless is at particular risk After seeing a phone lead chopped into many equal short lengths I realised I was dealing with microwave standing waves r f so we have been applying series inductors to equipment power and phone feeds and after several years those people haven t lost any gear so I think it does give some protection A systemic problem is that the HV protec tion tends to put it back up the LV earth neutral to rampage around the house You might also be interested to know that lately I ve been luthiering guitars more than anything and have discovered that what started out as trying to make one of my bands sound better with properly into nated instruments has turned into a repu tation that is bringing sick guitars and valve amps from hundreds of miles away You just quietly dither away fixing things for years and one day you look up and the workshop is empty You re all alone Nobody fixes things any more You are not just redundant your whole attitude is redundant So with a sense of loss you try to at least write some of it down for posterity if nothing else You vainly put it on the web just in case somebody out there just might be interested Then a trickle of email starts that tells you there are o
43. code 319 8 24 MIDI Synchronome Software only The software for these projects is on its own CD ROM The 3 5 inch Hard Drive Warbler JULY 04 i disks are 3 00 each UK the CD ROMs are 6 95 UK Add 50p each for Bongo Box overseas surface mail and 1 each for airmail All are available from the Portable Mini Alarm Sensor l EPE PCB Service All files can be downloaded free from our Internet FTP Counter site accessible via our home page at www epemag co uk x Teach In 04 Part 9 PIC Combination Lock Alarm Monitor Sg De ry Logger EPE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SERVICE x Teach In 04 Part 10 PIC Curtain or Blind Winder z Simple FM Radio EM Tuner Order Code Project Quantity Price Tone Control Audio Power Amp TDA2003 Power Supply EPE Scorer Control Board Display Board Slave Board A PIC to Mouse Keyboard Software only EPE Wart Zapper SEPT 04 Radio Control Failsafe x AlphaMouse Game x Rainbow Lighting Controller Software onl Moon and Tide Clock Calendar OCT 04 cheque PO in sterling only to Smart Kars Software only TTET EN Eve ryd ay ogic Probe f Thunderstorm Monitor sae Practical Electronics MW Amplitude Modulator SS MasterCard Amex Diners O u a Or a g j Power Suppl Club Visa or Switch Maestro Super Vibration Switch DEC 04 Hind oreca miraio Card NO Ts A aa Valid From Expiry Date Transm
44. drilling plastic and aluminium panels Ordinary files are very useful for pro ject building but a set of miniature needle files is probably even more useful Using these files it is possible to convert a round hole into a rectangular type cut slots in panels and make the odd shaped cut outs required by some components They are also useful for elongating holes slightly when things do not quite fit An error of a millimetre is not enough to worry about with most do it yourself projects but with elec tronic projects it is usually sufficient to ensure that things will not go together properly A small amount of work using a miniature round file should cure any problems of this type Hot Property A soldering iron suitable for electron ic work is something that is probably not found in the average toolbox A small electric iron having a rating of about 15 to 20 watts is the most popu lar choice for project building Experience suggests that it is advisable an Antex iron from their C series and I still use a couple of Antex C series irons today see Fig 2 think it is fair to say that an Antex iron represents a safe choice There is a lot of useful information about soldering and soldering irons on their web site www antex co uk One of their soldering iron kits provides an easy way to get started The kit includes an iron some solder instruc tions and the all important stand for the iron The st
45. edge connector and 12 screw terminals built in 8mm pitch and 2 screws to hold the lid on The cream bases have minor marks from dust and handling price 2 00 VAT 2 35 for a eae or 44 00 VAT 51 70 for a box of 44 Cover iii 456 457 866 battery pack originally intended to be used with an orbitel mobile telephone it contains 10 1 6Ah sub C batteries 42 x 22 dia the size usually used in cordless screwdrivers etc the pack is new and unused and can be broken open quite easily 7 46 VAT 8 77 Please add 1 66 VAT 1 95 postage amp packing per order JPG Electronics Shaws Row Old Road Chesterfield S40 2RB Tel 01246 211202 Fax 01246 550959 www JPGElectronics com Mastercard Visa Switch Callers welcome 9 30 a m to 5 30 p m Monday to Saturday SH ERKE ELECTRONICS FREE COMPONE NTS EPE SUBSCRIPTIONS SAVE 71 an ISSUE OVER UK NEWSTAND PRICES Buy 10 x 1 Special Packs and choose another one FREE SP39 SP40 SP41 SP42 SP47 SP49 SP101 SP102 SP103 SP104 SP105 SP109 SP112 SP115 SP116 SP118 SP124 SP126 SP130 SP131 SP133 SP134 15 x 5mm Red LEDs 12 x 5mm Green LEDs 12 x 5mm Yellow LEDs 25 x 5mm 1 part LED clips 15 x 3mm Red LEDs 12 x 3mm Green LEDs 10 x 3mm Yellow LEDs 25 x 3mm 1 part LED clips 100 x 1N4148 diodes 30 x 1N4001 diodes 30 x 1N4002 diodes 20 x BC182 transistors 20 x BC184 transistors 20 x BC549 transistors 4 x CMOS 4001 4 x 555 timers 4 x 741 Op Amps 4 x CM
46. equivalent and stored in memory for recall following a period of delay The audio source is discussed in a moment but its changing voltage levels are sampled by the PIC s internal ana logue to digital converter ADC at a vari able rate up to about 64kHz The ADC has 10 bit resolution but for this application only the upper eight bits are used and stored to memory as a byte As each byte is stored so the PIC s internal counter is incremented automati cally without a separate software counter as would be required with a 16F device The 18F method was discussed by Malc Wiles in his PIC ISF Microcontroller Family introduction of April 05 No memory bytes are needed for storage of program variables and so the full 1536 memory bytes are available for sampled data storage Once each full block has been filled the cycle recommences from its beginning Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 MODULATOR IC4d PIN 5 The basic software routine which sam ples stores and recalls the data has only 17 commands Listing and its notated com mand lines show the looped sequence Delay Length The length of delay between the first and last data bytes being recorded depends on the sampling rate of the system It is this delay which is used to create the echo reverberation effects that this unit provides The PIC is clocked in RC resis tor capacitor mode as set by C4 R13 and potentiometer VR6 and the sampling rate is d
47. for the novice wishing to get started in the fascinating world of FM broadcasting 45 x 145mm Kit Order Code 1028KT 22 95 Assembled Order Code AS1028 34 95 25 Watt FM Transmitter Four transistor based stages with a Philips BLY89 or equivalent in the final stage Delivers a mighty 25 Watts of RF power Accepts any line level audio source input sensitivity is adjustable Antenna can be an open dipole ground plane 5 8 J or YAGI configuration Supply 12 14V DC 5A Supplied fully assembled and aligned just connect the aerial power and audio input 70 x 220mm Order Code 1031M 124 95 CREDIT CARD SALES 087 1 717 7168 QUASAR electronics Helping you make the right connections Electronic Project Labs Great introduction to the world of electron ics Ideal gift for budding electronics expert 500 in 1 Electronic Project Lab This is the top of the range and is a complete electronics course taking you from beginner to A level standard and beyond It contains all the parts and instruc tions to assemble 500 projects You get three comprehensive course books total 368 pages Hardware Entry Course Hardware Advanced Course and a micro computer based Software Programming Course Each book has individual circuit explanations schematic and assembly dia grams Suitable for age 12 and above Order Code EPL500 149 95 30 130 200 and 300 in 1 project labs al
48. gadgets the designs featured in this book should suit your needs The projects are all easy to build and some are so simple that even complete beginners at electronic project construction can tackle them with ease Stripboard layouts are provided for every project together with a wiring diagram The mechanical side of construction has largely been left to individual constructors to sort out simply because the vast majority of project builders prefer to do their own thing in this respect None of the designs requires the use of any test equip ment in order to get them set up properly Where any set ting up is required the procedures are very straightforward and they are described in detail Projects covered Simple MIIDI tester Message grabber Byte grabber THRU box MIDI auto switcher Auto manual switcher Manual switcher MIDI patchbay MIDI controlled switcher MIDI lead tester Program change pedal Improved program change pedal Basic mixer Stereo mixer Electronic swell pedal Metronome Analogue echo unit CRORE 1095 5 45 124 pages THE INVENTOR OF STEREO THE LIFE AND WORKS OF ALAN DOWER BLUMLEIN Robert Charles Alexander This book is the definitive study of the life and works of one of Britain s most important inventors who due to a cruel set of circumstances has all but been overlooked by history Alan Dower Blumlein led an extraordinary life in which his inventive output rate easily surpassed that of Edison
49. mail order or phone credit cards cheques postal orders Comprehensive datasheets of all kits are available on the website Postage and Packaging are charged at cost with no minimum order charge For more information contact Fast Components Ltd Winchester House Winchester Road Walton On Thames Surrey KT12 2RH Tel 0870 750 4468 Fax 0870 137 6005 Email sales fastcomponents co uk Web www fastcomponents co uk 467 Maplin Opens Poole Maplin Electronics have recently opened yet another store this time in Poole not far from the B amp Q superstore Maplin stores are to be found nationwide in the UK and this is their 101st A full list can be read via Maplin s website You no doubt know the variety and quality of the components and other elec tronic products that Maplin have provided over the years So if you live near Poole you ll be pleased to know that you now have Maplin on your doorstep Opening hours are normally 9am to 8pm Mon Fri 9am to 6pm Sat 11am to 5pm Sun The store is at Unit 1B A Wessexgate East Retail Park Willis Way Poole BH15 2BN Tel 01202 660026 Fax 01202 660078 Nationally Maplin can be contact ed via 0870 429 6000 Web www maplin co uk Viewing Flash Memory Once a memory card has been taken out of a digital camera there is no way of knowing how many pictures are stored on it and how much free space is left Researchers at Eastman Kodak s labs in Rochester NY have been
50. non technical users with sufficient background information charts and checklists to enable the diagnosis of faults and help to carry out simple modifications and repairs In order to reflect rapid changes in computer tech nology both hardware and software this new edition has been completely revised and rewritten Order code NE41 256 pages 19 99 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Theory and Reference BEBOP TO THE BOOLEAN BOOGIE BOOK PLUS Second Edition CD ROM Clive Max Maxfield This book gives the big picture of digital electronics This indepth highly readable up to the minute guide shows you how electronic devices work and how theyre made You ll discover how transistors operate how printed circuit boards are fabricated and what the innards of memory ICs look like You ll also gain a working knowledge of Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Maps and understand what Reed Muller logic is and how it s used And there s much MUCH more The author s tongue in cheek humour makes it a delight to read but this is a REAL technical book extremely detailed and accurate Comes with a free CD ROM which contains an eBook version with full text search plus bonus chapter An Illustrated History of Electronics and Computing Contents Fundamental concepts Analog versus digital Conductors and insulators Voltage current resistance capacitance and inductance Semiconductors Primitive logic functions Binary arithmetic
51. oscilloscope along with the need to use software to program micro controllers effectively EPE leads the market with generously supported educa tional features and constructional articles that utilise PIC devices to produce sophisticated feature projects that can be built relatively easily reducing the frus tration of constructional errors at the same time There is plenty more for the hobbyist to experiment with as well and series such as our Back To Basics articles use traditional CMOS logic chips that are in plentiful sup ply and easy to solder unlike their surface mount counterparts Nevertheless there is a lot more that experienced constructors can achieve if they are confident enough to use miniature SMT devices such as a CF card or the FT232B USB serial converter chip that we discussed in Feb 05 Circuit Surgery John OE control line HIGH Waller also examined this chip in his USB to PIC Interface article of Apr 04 Ed One challenge is actually buying such parts in small quantities rather than in enormous reels used in industry but the second problem is in successfully solder ing them into a circuit board without using expensive rework or hot air tools that are beyond the reach of constructors Our CF Experimenter s p c b last month highlights the dexterity needed to solder miniature surface mount style parts successfully It can be done but some prac tise is needed to develop the right tec
52. resistors RI and R6 may be mounted a few centimetres apart horizontally perhaps at either side of a door jamb and may be illuminated by one and the same light at the other side of the doorway They can be housed in short dark plastic tubes aimed at the light or light beam and should be able to work without lenses Resistors R2 and R7 would ideally have resistances of around one third of the values of the two l d r s when these are illuminated by the beam The I d r s themselves would ideally have low val ues e g the popular NORP12 Certain phototransistors would work equally well in this circuit SV TO a q Fig 1 Circuit diagram for the One Way Broken Beam Alarm 470 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 TV Standby Monitor 7elly s End Lighting 2 BC108C ANY people leave their TV set in standby mode overnight having for gotten to switch it off Others like to watch films in darkened rooms then having to fumble for a light switch later The circuit shown in Fig 2 detects when a TV set has been put into standby mode and then operates a relay to switch on some lights There are no electrical connections to the TV It works by sensing the magnetic field sur rounding the TV s mains flex which changes in intensity depending upon whether the TV is fully on or in standby mode The pick up coil is the 20kQ winding of an Eagle LT44 audio driver transformer HIGH BRIGHTNESS WATER CLEAR RED A small
53. round as indicated Do not insert the i c s until the board has been fully checked after completion The p c b has been designed for a stan dard Telecom relay pinout and such relays should be freely available at up to 60W per set of contacts 120W total in this design Select one that is rated for your application and which has the same pinouts Do not exceed the ratings of the selected relay In the prototype the d c power socket is a panel mounting type mounted on the case The piezo sounder is mounted behind a hole in the case with the help of a little glue Make sure that the 12V power supply has the correct polarity although the circuit is protected against reversed polarity by rectifier diode D1 In Use Attach a 12V battery or d c power supply Red l e d D2 should illuminate immediately fading for a moment then it should again Di1D7D12 D D10D9 D5 Bent C7 G SK1 SEE TEXT ors BD ov ORORO T nt ereere lel lo 2 12V er epi Fe eps a a a e C1 OOO ee X1 PIEZO SOUNDER i illuminate snappily indicating that the cir cuit has reset L E D s D13 and D14 may or may not illuminate at first If the component values shown in Fig 1 are selected and wired up for three claps by means of the connecting wire as described a fairly business like clap clap clap three claps should change the state of green l e d D14 and switch the relay If this
54. shout can trigger the switch While this might not seem at first to hold much of a disadvantage it significantly limits the pos sibilities of the switch In Consideration Consider that an estimated 5 of all car drivers lock their keys in their cars every year Add to this the unknown number of people who find themselves without their house keys or various other keys or access codes Then imagine what a secret knock knock code could achieve In fact a number of companies now mar ket sophisticated clap or tap switches to circumvent precisely these problems Tap a code on your car window and the door locks open or knock on your front door in a predetermined sequence and you regain access to your home All this the Multi Clap Switch can do albeit more basically In brief the Multi Clap Switch may be activated with one to nine claps as pre ferred The same number of claps is required to switch it off again This it does with more than the usual sensitivity The precise speed of the claps may also be set so that clapping either too fast or too Slowly will reset the switch In Concept The author felt that the stock standard clap switch had been done so many times that he wanted to steer clear of all the designs he had perused and create some thing new Instead of using an analogue preamplifier such as an op amp he chose a digital i c instead the 4069 unbuffered suffix UB hex inverter Also
55. simulations PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form on third page UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices 500 Hobbyist Student rrnnrnnnnnnnnvrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenennnnnnnr 45 inc VAT Institutional Schools HE FE Industry 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user Network Licence 249 plus VAT Site LiCcence xnrnrnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuneer 499 plus VAT Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 PICmicro TUTORIALS AND PROGRAMMING VERSION 2 PICmicro MCU DEVELOPMENT BOARD Suitable for use with the three software packages listed below This flexible development board allows students to learn both how to program PICmicro microcontrollers as well as program a range of 8 18 28 and 40 pin devices For experienced programmers all programming software is included in the PPP utility that comes with the development board For those who want to learn choose one or all of the packages below to use with the Development Board O Makes it easier to develop PICmicro projects Supports low cost Flash programmable PICmicro devices O Fully featured integrated displays 13 individual e d s quad 7 segment display and alphanumeric I c d display Supports PICmicro microcontrollers with A D converters O Fully protected expansion bus for project work All inputs and outputs available on screw terminal connectors for easy
56. testing is covered in Chapter 3 with subjects such as voltage current and continuity checks being discussed In the main little or no previous knowledge or experience is assumed Using these simple compo nent and circuit testing techniques the reader should be able to confidently tackle servicing of most elec tronic projects Order code BP239 THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST CD ROM The complete collection of The Amateur Scientist articles from Scientific American magazine Over 1 000 classic science projects from a renowned source of winning projects All projects are rated for cost difficulty and possible hazards Plus over 1 000 pages of helpful science techniques that never appeared in Scientific American Exciting science projects in Astronomy Earth Science Biology Physics Chemistry Weather and much more The most complete resource ever assembled for hobbyists and professionals looking for novel solutions to research problems Includes extensive Science Software Library with even more science tools Suitable for Mac Windows Linux or UNIX 32MB RAM minimum Netscape 4 0 or higher or Internet Explorer 4 0 or higher Over 1 000 projects CD ROM Order code AS1 CD ROM 19 95 96 pages 5 49 Music Audio and Video BUILDING VALVE AMPLIFIERS Morgan Jones The practical guide to building modifying fault finding and repairing valve amplifiers A hands on approach to valve electronics classic and mod
57. the author spoke to the BBC s radiophonics workshop about Dalek voice creation Dick Mills is the name that comes mind over this The tech nique then being used was to employ a ring modulator for the modulation control as the author then did with his analogue Dalek voices at that time In the Cybervox principally conceived of as a digital design based on a PIC it proved impossible to simulate a ring modulator through software the coding overhead being so great that it slowed down the audio sam pling rate too much Instead a comparable effect is produced by the use of the reverber ation and amplitude modulation controls Secondly there is widespread diversity in the perceived opinions of what a Dalek voice should actually sound like Indeed web browsing revealed intense discussions about which actor produced the best Dalek accent Well why shouldn t Daleks also have regional accents as we do What was clear though was that creating a good Dalek voice is as much down to the actor s performance as to the modulation effect It is also clear that there were never any specified settings for the modulator and variation was invariably introduced in the actors voices So Whosit fans it s entirely up to you to decide how best you use the Cybervox and your vocal skills as you now enter into the Dalexion realms of cybertimelines Qi www epemag co 5 I C DALEX ION CYBERVOX It just remains to caution you to take
58. user and only looking in the direction of the user for the uplink signal This ensures that the user receives the optimum quality of service and maximum coverage from a base station There are two main types of smart anten na arrays continues Devlin switched beam arrays and adaptive arrays Switched beam arrays provide several predefined beams with a control system that switches between the beams then selects the antenna that pro vides the maximum signal response for a given user Adaptive antenna arrays on the other hand exploit an altogether more intel ligent control system that monitors the radio environment and in particular the charac teristics of the signal path between the user and the base station This information is used to adjust the gain of the antenna array to maximize the quality of the uplink and downlink signals also attenuate signals from interfering sources Pay More Get More Fully adaptive solutions cost more but also deliver more The cost comes from the considerable increase in digital signal pro cessing of as many data streams as antenna elements employed Even in the simple sys tem quoted by Devlin using just four anten nas we are talking about a half billion data elements per second which would soon exhaust the capabilities of a digital signal processor DSP His company has addressed these processing challenges by developing an eight channel data acquisition system which uses field programm
59. versions 16xx OTPs KIT 862 29 99 Power Supply 3 99 ICEBREAKER OOOOOOOOO e Reprogram for other applications PIC Real Time In Circuit Emulator e ICEbreaker uses PIC16F877 in circuit debugger e Links to standard PC Serial port lead supplied e Windows 95 to XP Software included e Works with MPASM assembler 16 x 2 LCD display Breadboard Relay I O devices and patch leads Featured in EPE Mar 00 Ideal for begin ners amp experienced users Programs can be written downloaded and then tested by single stepping run ning to breakpoints or free run at up to 20Mhz Full emulation means that all ports re spond immediately reading and driv ing external hardware Features include Run set Breakpoint View amp change registers EEPROM and program memory load program watch window registers KIT 900 34 99 With serial lead amp software disk PCB Breadboard nu PIC16F877 LCD all components and patch leads POWER SUPPLY 3 99 STEPPING MOTOR 100 Step 9 99 20W Amp Module EPE May 05 Superb Magenta Stereo Mono Module Wide bandwidth Low distor tion 11W channel Stereo 20W Mono True rms Real Power Short Circuit amp Overheat Pro tected Needs 8 to 18V supply Stable Reliable design Latest Technology IC with lo cal feedback gives very high performance KIT 914 all parts amp heatsink for stereo or mono 11 90 A super walking programmable robot
60. way the logic level of some bits that are not written is degraded slightly every time Vpp is applied So after spec ification D124 worst case one million writes long term and constant data will need to be rewritten to restore the levels to a good threshold margin The easiest way to do this is an array refresh which is simply to read every byte and write back the same data My recommenda tions are 1 You have unlimited read cycles 2 If you are using EEPROM for short term data then store constant data in pro gram memory 3 Avoid mixing long term and short term data in the same EEPROM unless you are prepared to do an occasional array refresh Malcolm Wiles via email Thanks Malc and Peter readers inter ested in longterm PIC code stability will find your comments useful Super Ear Dear EPE Regarding the parabolic dish in the Super Ear Audio Telescope Jun 05 ideally I like to be able to see the beam of the parabolic dish used a task which at first seems rather daunting It is howev er much simpler than you may think My dish is simply a car spotlight with the glass and bulb removed Before you dismantle the spotlight switch it on outside on a dark night and you will see the beam produced When the reflector is used for capturing the sound that is within the beam window the same focal point is used as for the bulb filament If you look straight into the spotlight with it turned off fr
61. 8B 100kHz 1500MHz HP 182T with 8557A 10kHz 350MHz HP 140T with 8555A 10MHz 18GHz ADVANTEST TR4131 10kHz 3 5GHz WAYNE KERR SSA1000A 150kHz 1GHz MARCONI 2382 200Hz 400MHz High Resolution MARCONI 2370 30Hz 110MHz HP 8754A Network Analyser 4 1300MHz MARCONI 6500A Amplitude Analyser with head HP 334A Distortion Analyser 5Hz 600kHz SIGNAL GENERATORS HP 8350B Sweeper with 83592B 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350A Sweeper with 83592A 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350B Main Frame Only HP 83525B RF Plug in for 8350 0 01 8 4GHz HP 83590A RF Plug in for 8350 2 20GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 1 3GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 2 6GHz HP 86603A RF Plug in for 8660C 1 2600MHz HP86631B Axillary Section for 86600 Laue HP86632B Modulation Section for 86600 Lu MARCONI 2017 0 01 124MHz Low Phase Noise MARCONI 2019 Synthesised AM FM 80kHz 1040MHz 325 FLUKE 6060B AM FM Syn Sig Gen 10kHz 1050MMHz 300 LEADER LSG221B Sig Gen 25 950MHz HP 8656B Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8656A Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8640A AM FM 500kHz 512MHz HP 8620C Sweep Osc with 86290B 2 18 6GHz HP8620C Sweep Osc with 86222B 0 01 2 4GHz HP8620C B A with any of the following plug ins HP 86220A Plug in 10 1300MHz HP 86230B Plug in 1 5 4GHz HP 86235A Plug in 1 7 4 3GHz HP 86240A Plug in 2 8 5GHz HP 86240C Plug in 3 6 8 6GHz HP 86245A Plug in 5 9 12 4GHz HP86250B Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86250D Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86260A Plug in 12 4 18GHz MARCONI TF2015 AM FM 10 520MHz M
62. 9 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS A PRACTICAL APPROACH FREE With FREE Software Number One Yola Systems EASY PC Professional XM and Pulsar Limited Functionality Richard Monk Covers binary arithmetic Boolean algebra and logic gates combination logic sequential logic including the design and construction of asynchronous and synchro nous circuits and register circuits Together with a consid erable practical content plus the additional attraction of its close association with computer aided design including the FREE software There is a blow by blow guide to the use of EASY PC Professional XM a schematic drawing and printed circuit board design computer package The guide also con ducts the reader through logic circuit simulation using Pulsar software Chapters on p c b physics and p c b production techniques make the book unique and with its host of project ideas make it an ideal companion for the integrative assignment and common skills compo nents required by BTEC and the key skills demanded by GNVQ The principal aim of the book is to provide a straightforward approach to the understanding of digital electronics Those who prefer the Teach In approach or would rather experiment with some simple circuits should find the book s final chapters on printed circuit board produc tion and project ideas especially useful 250 pages large format Temporarily out of print A BEGINNER S GUIDE TOTTL DIGITAL ICs R A Pen
63. 9 Dec 69 Jun 71 and Feb 12 Incidentally my library of RC mag azines covers from Aug 65 to Jul 75 I am sorry to say that I may soon have to get rid of some of these to make room for future issues of EPE I also have Practical Wireless Practical Television and Practical Electronics between then and 1982 Thank you for the excellent way that the EPE team is helping hobbyists like myself I have been having this since May 86 to the present so please keep up the good work Alan Clayton via email Thanks Alan Mike says that in fact all Sir Douglas designs are on the web If any reader expresses any interest in your mags I ll copy their email to you PIC EEPROM Refresh Dear EPE In my article on the PIC18F series Apr 05 I asked if any reader could explain an apparent contradiction in sec tion 6 8 of the PIC18Fxx2 datasheet which describes refreshing data EEP ROM I m obliged to Peter Hemsley for the following The physical implementation of memory is not linear it s an X Y matrix for best use of chip space To erase write a bit or byte a high voltage Vpp is applied to the appropriate X and Y lines of the matrix However there are also other bits on the selected X and Y lines that are not at the X Y intersection so do not get programmed Applying Vpp puts stress on these other bits due to a small amount of capacitance to the chip sub strate which is at OV potential In this
64. AB broadcasters direct their transmitting antennas to send sig nals towards the horizon rather than sky wards Cellular operators beam their signals even more tightly concentrating the signal in a fan shaped beam to fill just one sector of an accurately defined cell For transmitters with a static reception zone this is all fine and dandy but what if your reception area is a moving target Radar systems scan the horizon a strip at a time and traditionally they have used moving antenna arrays rotated by huge motors Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 desirable technique On a physically smaller scale radio ama teurs and DX ers do the same thing using rotators to direct their Yagi beams to illu minate just a narrow sector of the radio horizon Moving parts require mechanical maintenance however and have an unfortu nate propensity to seize up at the most inconvenient moment Purists Look Away Now Eliminating this weakness was the motiva tion half a century ago or more for developing antennas that could squint or beam in more than one direction without physical motion Put simply this involved arranging multiple antenna elements in an array that was phased electronically to activate them sequentially to simulate a moving antenna Purists and experts will probably wince at this descrip tion but I hope it will give a simple explana tion to how the system works Recent applications of state of the art tec
65. AITADO movf INDF1 W A movwf PORTC A movf ADRESH W A movwf POSTINC1 A movf FSR1H W A xorlw 6 btfsc STATUS Z A lfsr FSR1 MEMORYBANK incf PORTB F A btfsc PORTA 4 A bcf PORTA 2 A btfss PORTA 4 A bsf PORTA 2 A bsf ADCONO GO A goto WAITADO no get echo data from current memory address output to PORTC get ADC MSB val store to current mem address amp inc counter is address counter equal max limit yes reset counter to start address RBO used for freq counting in prototype true rate twice Hz value counted toggle RA2 depending on status of RA4 modulation waveform generation restart data conversion repeat Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 The inherent drawback of reducing the sampling rate is that the system s upper fre quency response is reduced This is of no real significance in this design as it is intended only for use with speech Until comparative ly recently public telephone lines had an upper limit of about 300Hz catering just for normal speech bandwidths Such a limit can not be described as being hi fi and neither can the Cybervox the system is not really suitable for music effects use The Nyquist theory of sampling rate in relation to signal frequency states that the absolute minimum rate frequency ratio is 2 1 to allow the sampled signal s minimum and maximum peaks to be reproduced In practice a ratio of 3 1 1s more commonly considered the mini
66. ARCONI TF2016 AM FM 10kHz 120MHz PHILIPS PM5328 100kHz 180MHz with 200MHz Freq Counter IEEE PANASONIC VP8117A AM FM 100kHz 110MHz FM 0 100kHz Digital Display etc Unused STEWART of READING asp 17A King Street Mortimer Near Reading RG7 3RS E mase Telephone 0118 933 1111 Fax 0118 933 2375 www stewart of reading co uk Open 9am 5 00pm Monday to Friday other times by arrangement 466 HP 8165A Programmable Signal Source 1MHz 50MHz Pulse Function HP 3325A Synthesised Function Gen 21MHz HP 3312A Function Gen 0 1Hz 13MHz AM FM Sleep Tri Burst etc 2 0 cece eee eee eee es 200 WAVETEK 21 Stabilised Function Gen 11MHz WAVETEK 23 Synthesised Function Gen 12MHz EXACT 529 AM FM Function Gen 20MHz ANALOGUE 2030 Synthesised Multi Function Waveform 250 THANDER TG503 Pulse Function Gen 5MHz THANDER TG502 Sweep Function Gen 5MHz KRON HITE 5200A Sweep Func Gen 0 00003Hz 3MHz 150 HP 3310B Info as 3310A etc 6 120 HP 3310A Func Gen 0 005Hz 5MHz Sine Sq Tri Ramp Pulse 80 PHILIPS PM5132 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz 95 PHILIPS PM5131 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz FEEDBACK FG601 Func Gen 0 001Hz 1MHz HP 8112A Pulse Gen 50MHz HP 8111A Pulse Generator 20MHz LYONS PG73N Pulse Gen 20MHz LEADER LAG120B Sine Sq Audio Generator 10Hz 1MHz FARNELL LFM4 Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 1MHz Low Distortion TTL Output Amplitutde Meter GOULD J3B Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 100kHz Low Distortion 50 75 FARNELL LF1 Sine Sq Oscillator 10Hz 1MH
67. BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 2 VOL 8 BACK ISSUES July 2002 to December 2002 He ME 20000 eee aia re rede OL S ease send me quantity VOL 9 BACK ISSUES January 2003 to June 2003 l Please send me quantity BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 5 VOL 10 BACK ISSUES July 2003 to December 2003 I Please send me quantity BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 6 I VOL 11 BACK ISSUES January 2004 to June 2004 An de ME Sr ane jane ea ect kg Please send me quantity I VOL 12 BACK ISSUES July 2004 to December 2004 I Please send me quantity BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 9 I TET SE spied Er Please send me quantity BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 10 l These mini CD s are suitable for use on any PC witha Please send me titv BACK I ES CD ROM VOL 11 CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader available free An senc m N B o ieee ea a 12 i from the Internet www adobe com acrobat po A y l Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world WHAT IS INCLUDED l I All volumes include the EPE Online editorial content of every listed I Name I issue plus all the available PIC Project Codes for the PIC projects FE eee I published in those issues I I I Address saa abr ade a ebraa bode skare a heres b d hare e hadd I I I Note Some supplements etc can be downloaded free from the Library on the EPE Online website at www epemag com No advertisements are included in Volumes 1 and
68. BLE TO OFFER YOU THESE ELECTRONICS CD ELECTRONICS PROJECTS Logic Probe testing Electronic Projects is split into two main sections Building Electronic Projects contains comprehensive information about the components tools and techniques used in developing projects from initial concept through to final circuit board production Extensive use is made of video presentations showing soldering and construction techniques The second section contains a set of ten projects for students to build ranging from simple sensor circuits through to power amplifiers A shareware version of Matrix s CADPACK schematic capture circuit simulation and p c b design software is included The projects on the CD ROM are Logic Probe Light Heat and Moisture Sensor NE555 Timer Egg Timer Dice Machine Bike Alarm Stereo Mixer Power Amplifier Sound Activated Switch Reaction Tester Full parts lists schematics and p c b layouts are included on the CD ROM EEE ONE CIRCUITS amp COMPONENTS V2 0 Circuit simulation screen Provides an introduction to the principles and application of the most common types of electronic components and shows how they are used to form complete circuits The virtual laboratories worked examples and pre designed circuits allow students to learn experiment and check their understanding Version 2 has been considerably expanded in almost every area following a review of major syllabuses GCSE GNVQ A level and HNC
69. BSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK 6 months 16 50 12 months 31 two years 57 Overseas 6 months 19 50 standard air service or 28 50 express airmail 12 months 37 standard air ser vice or 55 express airmail 24 months 69 standard air service or 105 express airmail To subscribe from the USA or Canada see the last magazine page Online subscriptions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 14 99US approx 8 for one year avail able from www epemag com Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics and sent to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at http Awww epemag wimborne co uk Subscriptions start with the next available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club Maestro or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page BINDERS Binders to hold one volume 12 issues are available from the above address These are finished in blue p v c printed with the magazine logo in gold on the spine Price 6 95 plus 3 50 p amp p for overseas readers the postage is 6 00 to everywhere except Australia and Papua New Guinea which cost 10 50 Normally sent within seven days but please allow 28 days for delivery more for overseas Payment in sterling only please Visa Amex
70. C programming Essential information for anyone undertaking GCSE or A level electronics or technology and for hobbyists who want to get to grips with project design Over seventy different Input Processor and Output modules are illustrated and fully described together with detailed information on construction fault finding and components including circuit symbols pinouts power supplies decoupling etc Single User 19 95 inc VAT Multiple User 34 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices DIGITAL WORKS 3 0 Counter ri I Digital Works Version 3 0 is a graphical design tool that enables you to construct digital logic circuits and analyze their behaviour It is so simple to use that it will take you less than 10 minutes to make your first digital design It is so powerful that you will never outgrow its capability amp Software for simulating digital logic circuits Create your own macros highly scalable Create your own circuits components and i c s Easy to use digital interface Animation brings circuits to life Vast library of logic macros and 74 series i c s with data sheets ePowerful tool for designing and learning Hobbyist Student 45 inc VAT Institutional 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user 249 plus VAT Site Licence 599 plus VAT ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS PHOTOS A high quality selection of over 200 JPG images of electronic components This selection of hig
71. C84 16F84 as well as the P54 and P71 families 270 pages Order code NE36 15 99 eBAY FOR BEGINNERS Cherry Nixon There are two kinds of people those who are trading on eBay and the rest who are missing out Though eBay has been embraced by entrepreneurs all over the world it remains the peoples site and offers the largest mar ket for the smallest fee eBay presents an opportunity for everyone the trick is to master it This book shows you how to start trading on eBay UK It also offers advice on getting organised and tips to put you ahead The book has been developed from Cherry s popu lar hands on course Buying and Selling on eBay for Technological Simpletons In addition to fully explan ing eBay and how to trade on it there are sections on Paypal producing pictures of your sale items fees and accounts safety and security including what to do when things go wrong and what protection is provided Order code BP551 8 99 178 pages NEWNES PC TROUBLESHOOTING POCKET BOOK THIRD EDITION Howard Anderson Mike Tooley All the essential data for PC fault finding and upgrad ing This book provides a concise and compact reference that describes in a clear and straightforward manner the principles and practice of fault finding and upgrading PCs and peripherals The book is aimed at anyone who is involved with the installation configuration maintenance upgrading repair or support of PC systems It also pro vides
72. DATIONS OF WIRELESS AND ELECTRONICS ELEVENTH EDITION S W Amos and Roger Amos Scroggie s Foundations is a classic text for anyone work ing with electronics who needs to know the art and craft of the subject It covers both the theory and practical aspects of a huge range of topics from valve and tube technology and the application of cathode ray tubes to radar to digital tape systems and optical recording techniques Since Foundations of Wireless was first published over 60 years ago it has helped many thousands of readers to become familiar with the principles of radio and electronics The original author Sowerby was suc ceeded by Scroggie in the 1940s whose name became synonymous with this classic primer for practitioners and students alike Stan Amos one of the fathers of modern electronics and the author of many well known books in the area took over the revision of this book in the 1980s and it is he with his son who have produced this latest version 400 pages Temporarily out of print GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR MULTIMETER R A Penfold This book is primarily aimed at beginners and those of lim ited experience of electronics Chapter 1 covers the basics of analogue and digital multimeters discussing the rela tive merits and the limitations of the two types In Chapter 2 various methods of component checking are described including tests for transistors thyristors resistors capaci tors and diodes Circuit
73. Diners Club Maestro and MasterCard accepted Send fax or phone your card number card expiry date and card security code the last 3 digits on or just under the sig nature strip with your name address etc Or order on our secure server via our UK web site Overseas cus tomers your credit card will be charged by the card provider in your local currency at the existing exchange rate Editor MIKE KENWARD Deputy Editor DAVID BARRINGTON Technical Editor JOHN BECKER Business Manager DAVID J LEAVER Subscriptions MARILYN GOLDBERG General Manager FAY KEARN Editorial Admin 01202 873872 Advertising Manager STEWART KEARN 01202 873872 On Line Editor ALAN WINSTANLEY EPE Online Internet version Editors CLIVE MAX MAXFIELD and ALVIN BROWN READERS TECHNICAL ENQUIRIES E mail techdept epemag wimborne co uk We are unable to offer any advice on the use purchase repair or modification of commercial equipment or the incorporation or modification of designs published in the magazine We regret that we cannot provide data or answer queries on articles or projects that are more than five years old Letters requiring a personal reply must be accompanied by a stamped self addressed envelope or a self addressed envelope and international reply coupons PROJECTS AND CIRCUITS All reasonable precautions are taken to ensure that the advice and data given to readers is reliable We cannot however guarantee it and we cannot
74. E Featuring 8 analogue inputs and serial data transfer to PC Magenta redesigned PCB LCD plugs directly onto board Use as Data Logger or as a test bed for developing other PIC16F877 projects Kit includes Icd progd chip PCB gase al pans ang SX 290k EEPROMS KIT 877 49 95 PIC16F84 MAINS POWER CONTROLLER amp 4 CHANNEL LIGHT CHASER DIMMER e Zero Volt Switching e Opto Isolated 5 Amp HARD FIRED TRIACS e With program source code disk e Chase Speed and dimming potentiom eter controls m j A d AAA F FF AP pm m i 4 i 4 OA d Amm m a eam m m ee e 12 Way keypad Control KIT 855 39 95 EPE MARCH APRIL MAY 98 PIC TUTOR 1 PIC16F84 STARTER SERIES The original PIC16F84 series by John Becker Magenta s Tutor board has individual switches and leds on all portA and PortB lines plus connectors for optional 4 digit seven segment led display and 16 x 2 intelligent Icd Written for newcomers to PICs this series Disk has over 20 tutorial programs Connect to a PC parallel port send run and experiment by modifying test programs Then Write and Program your Own KIT 870 27 95 Built 42 95 16x2 LCD 7 99 LED display 6 99 12VPSU 3 99 SUPER PIC PROGRAMMER Magenta s original parallel port programmer Runs with down loaded WINDOWS 95 XP software Use standard Microchip HEX files Read Prog Verify wide range of 18 28 and 40 pin PICs Including 16F84 876 877 627 8 Inc A
75. Handheld FLUKE 77 Series 2 3 digit Handheld FLUKE 8060A 47 digit True RMS Handheld BECKMAN HD110 37 digit Handheld in Carry Case TTI 1905A 5 digit Bench SOLARTRON 7045 4 digit Bench AVO DA116 37 digit with Batteries amp Leads AVO 8 MK6 in Ever Ready Case with Leads etc AVO 8 MK5 with Leads etc RACAL 9301A True RMS RF Milivoltmeter RACAL 9300 True RMS Millivoltmeter 5Hz 20MHz usable to 60MHz RACAL 9300B as 9300 GOODWILL GVT427 Dual Chan AC Millivoltmeter 10mV in 12 ranges 10Hz 1MHz Unused KENWOOD VT176 Dual Chan Millivoltmeter FARNELL XA35 2T 0 35V 0 2A Twice Digital FARNELL LT30 2 0 30V 0 2A Twice FARNELL B30 20 30V 20A Variable No Meters FARNELL B30 10 30V 10A Variable No Meters FARNELL LT30 1 0 30V 0 1A Twice FARNELL L30 2 0 30V 0 2A FARNELL L30 1 0 30V 0 1A FARNELL E350 0 350V 0 200mA FARNELL D30 2T 0 30V 0 2A Twice Digital THURLBY PL330 0 32V 0 3A Digital Kenwood badged THURLBY TS3021S 0 30V 0 2A LCD THURLBY PL320 0 30V 0 2A Digital TAKASAGO GMO035 3 0 35V 0 3A 2 Meters TAKASAGO TMO35 2 0 35V 0 2A 2 Meters ISOLATING TRANSFORMER Yellow 500VA with 13Amp Socket Used Equipment GUARANTEED Manuals supplied This is a VERY SMALL SAMPLE OF STOCK SAE or Telephone for lists Please check availability before ordering CARRIAGE all units 16 VAT to be added to Total of Goods and Carriage Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 A roundup of the latest Everyday News from the world of e
76. Leads Parallel LDC136 4 95 Serial LDC441 4 95 USB LDC644 2 95 NEW USB All Flash PIC oe USB PIC programmer for all ge Flash devices No external power supply making it truly portable Supplied with box and Windows Software ZIF Fe Socket and USB Plug A B lead Be not incl Kit Order Code 3128KT 34 95 Assembled Order Code AS3128 44 95 Enhanced PICALL ISP PIC Programmer Will program virtually ALL 8 to 40 pin PICs plus certain ATMEL AVR SCENIX SX and EEPROM 24C devices Also supports In System Programming ISP for PIC and ATMEL AVRs Free software Blank chip auto detect for super fast bulk programming Requires a 40 pin wide ZIF socket not included Assembled Order Code AS3144 54 95 ATMEL 89xxx Programmer Uses serial port and any standard terminal comms program 4 LEDs display the status ZIF sockets not included Supply 16VDC Kit Order Code 3123KT 29 95 Assembled Order Code AS3123 34 95 NEW USB amp Serial Port PIC Programmer USB Serial connection EET Header cable for ICSP Free uum Windows software See web site for PICs supported ZIF PRES Socket and USB Plug A B UM lead extra 18VDC Kit Order Code 3149KT 34 95 Assembled Order Code AS3149 49 95 Introduction to PIC Programming Go from a complete PIC beginner to burning your first PIC and writing your own code in no time Includes a 49 page step by step Tutorial
77. ORTD for data PORTE for address and six pins from PORTB for control Running the HyperTerminal program on the PC then provides an easy way for data to be sent to the PIC and received data to be observed HyperTerminal will be found under VE k PORT X PORTZ Accessories Communications from the Windows XP All Programs menu HyperTerminal deals with text so your PIC code may have to translate binary bytes it needs to send into two ASCII characters for ease of reading Of course you can also write your own code to run on the PC and commu nicate with the circuit via the serial link allow ing you to handle data in any format you like When the PIC receives serial data it can be configured to jump to an interrupt ser vice routine and read the incoming bytes For CompactFlash Card experiments the first byte or two can be use to select an action to perform e g write to card read from card identify card etc and may be followed by data to be used read write address data to write number of bytes to read etc Once you have developed the experimental code and are confident that you can control the CompactFlash card the routines you have developed can be included in specific projects VE SUPPLY O EG READY p RESET COMPACT FLASH CARD PORT Y DATA BUS 8 BITS 1 0 509 CompactFlash cards are removable so code running on the PIC should check for the presence of a card before attempting to a
78. OS 4011 3 x CMOS 4013 4 x CMOS 4081 20 x 1N914 diodes 25 x 10 25V radial elect caps 12 x 100 35V radial elect caps 15 x 47 25V radial elect caps 10 x 470 16V radial elect caps 15 x BC237 transistors 20 x Mixed transistors 200 x Mixed 0 25W C F resistors 5 x Min PB switches 4 x 5 metres stranded core wire 8 Meters 22SWG solder 20 x 8 pin DIL sockets 15 x 14 pin DIL sockets 15 x 16 pin DIL sockets 4 x 74LS00 15 x BC557 transistors 4 x CMOS 4093 3 x 10mm Red LEDs 3 x 10mm Green LEDs 2 x CMOS 4047 20 x Assorted ceramic disc caps 6 x Battery clips 3 ea PP3 PP9 100 x Mixed 0 5W C F resistors 2 x TLO71 Op Amps 20 x 1N4004 diodes 15 x 1N4007 diodes SP135 SP136 SP137 SP138 SP140 SP142 SP143 SP144 SP146 SP147 SP151 SP152 SP153 SP154 SP156 SP160 SP161 SP164 SP165 SP166 SP167 SP168 SP171 SP172 SP173 SP174 SP175 SP177 SP178 SP181 SP182 SP183 SP187 SP189 SP192 SP195 SP197 SP198 SP199 SP200 6 x Miniature slide switches 3 x BFY50 transistors 4 x W005 1 5A bridge rectifiers 20 x 2 2 63V radial elect caps 3 x W04 1 5A bridge rectifiers 2 x CMOS 4017 5 Pairs min crocodile clips Red amp Black 5 Pairs min crocodile clips assorted colours 10 x 2N3704 transistors 5 x Stripboard 9 strips x 25 holes 4 x 8mm Red LEDs 4 x 8mm Green LEDs 4 x 8mm Yellow LEDs 15 x BC548 transistors 3 x Stripboard 14 strips x 27 holes 10 x 2N3904 transistors 10 x 2N3906 transistors 2 x C106D thyr
79. R1 which activates audio sounder WD1 With the pro totype the output is loud enough to be heard in an average sized house and no further amplifier was required IC1 PIN 7 Fig 4 1 Complete circuit diagram for the Doorchime Note IC1d is not used 504 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 As this transistor only switches on for short periods and despite the low imped ance of the load its dissipation was low enough in the prototype that a heatsink was not required When counter output Q9 eventually goes high this causes the output of inverting gate IC1b to go low forcing the outputs of ICla and IClc to go high stopping them oscillating Transistor TR1 is therefore switched off and since Cla no longer oscillates the counter will not be advanced further causing Q9 to remain high Note that since the output of Cla is forced high at this time it is important in this circuit that the counter is advanced by a negative going pulse rather than a posi tive going one as would normally be the case in other applications This prevents the final transition from being counted Hence the counter s CE clock enable pin is used to advance the counter instead of the more usual CLK clock input pin After the last note has been played the circuit effectively shuts down and draws COMPONENTS DOORCHIME Resistors 470k See 10k 2 off SHOP 100k TALK 220k age ik eg All 0 25W 5 carbon film or better Potentio
80. RTB RS Port PORTB RS Pin 4 En Port PORTB En Pin 5 R W Pin ground Mode delay The defaults should be fine for the rest of the configuration options like number of lines cursor status blink etc Before generating any code be sure to set the clock to whatever value you are using Fig l shows that mine happened to be 3 2768MHz for a PIC16F877 Interestingly Microchip haven t pro vided a way to store preferred module settings which means that every time you start Application Maestro you have to re enter the TK3 options Listing 1 shows the test code that was quickly put together to use the XLCD module Apart from the usual initialisa tion of PORTB the important bits are the addition of the include file for the XLCD module and the calls to the free code we generated XLCDInit initialises the 1 c d using the configuration options selected in the Application Maestro software and mXLCDSendMssg is a macro that displays the string stored in program memory The code directives are used by MPASM to determine the beginning of program sections for relocatable code which is what Application Maestro pro duces when the project was built using MPLAB it was necessary to include a standard linker script for the 16F877 That was all it took to create some easy to use l c d code It s more convenient than looking through source code archives for relevant bits and pieces but it would still have to be done a
81. Sonic Ice Warning Buffer Amplifier LCF Met l Q Multiplier iy Tug of War Tuning Capacitor Board Bat Band Convertor MAR 04 Back To Basics Doorchime Electronic Dice MIDI Health Check Transmitter Receiver i Emergency Stand by Light te Svcs PIC Mixer for RC Planes Software only x Teach In 04 Part 5 Software only Infra Guard TON a EPE SOFTWARE x Teach In 04 Part 6 Software only 4 EPE Seismograph Logger Software programs for EPE projects marked with a single asterisk amp are Control Board i available on 3 5 inch PC compatible disks or free from our Internet site The Sensor Amp Board following disks are available PIC Tutorial V2 Apr June 03 EPE Disk 3 In Car Lap Top PSU 2000 EPE Disk 4 2001 excl PIC Toolkit TK3 EPE Disk 5 2002 EPE Beat Balance Metal Detector Disk 6 2003 excl Earth Resistivity and Met Office EPE Disk 7 2004 Teach In 04 Part 7 Transmitter EPE Disk 8 Jan 2005 to current cover date EPE Earth Resistivity Receiver Logger Apr May 03 EPE PIC Met Office Aug Sept 03 EPE Moisture Seismograph Apr May 04 EPE Magnetometry Logger July Aug 04 amp PIC Quickstep JUNE 04 EPE Teach In 2000 EPE Spectrum EPE Interface Disk 1 October 00 Body Detector Mkll issue to current cover date EPE Toolkit TK3 software is available on the Teach In 04 Part 8 Software only EPE PIC Resources CD ROM 14 45 Its p c b is order
82. Stay Behind organisations Diplomatic Service Australian Coast Watchers RDF and intercept receivers bugs and radar beacons The information has been compiled through the collaboration of a vast num ber of collectors and enthusiasts around the world Volume 3 Reception Sets the receivers described span the era 1932 to the 1960s and coverage includes not only reception sets specifically designed or adapted for the British Army but also sets adopted from other arms RN and RAF special receivers direction find ing receivers army broadcast reception sets Canadian and Australian army sets commercial receivers adopt Volume 4 includes information on more than 230 sets and ancillaries It contains 692 pages in hardback format and features over 850 photographs 360 line drawings and 440 data tables ed by the army and army welfare reception sets PRICES INCLUDING POSTAGE Europe airmail Rest of World Rest Of World Volume 1 Wireless Sets No 1 to 88 covers the early UK racema ail radios prior to the outbreak of World War II and wartime sets which were never released in large quanti DE Ga or Vol 2 43 50 47 SE ties or were abandoned after trials Vol 3 42 50 47 55 95 Vol4 45 49 57 95 Volume 2 Standard Sets for World War II pro vides information in detail of mass produced Wireless Sets such as No 18 19 22 and 38 Additionally includ ed are a number of post war sets on
83. V regulated power line proved All polarised components must be posi tioned with the correct orientation as shown in Fig 6 A metal case was used to house the pro totype measuring approximately 225mm x 125mm x 63mm Drill holes for the panel mounted components as suggested by the photographs Make sure that the metal case is earthed to the OV line of the power supply In the pro totype this was done by soldering a OV con nection to the lug of the output Volume potentiometer VR5 It may be necessary to roughen the tag before it will take the solder If using panel mounted potentiometers take a photocopy of Fig 6 and tick each connecting wire once connected to avoid risk of incorrect connection Testing On first power switch on without d i l 1 c s inserted check that the output from reg ulator IC2 is correctly at 5V within a few millivolts If all is well switch off and insert the d i l i c s including the pre programmed PIC see later rechecking the regulator s output again following power switch on Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 d ail Turn the Delay control fully clockwise and all other potentiometers fully anti clockwise Plug in the speaker and an external sound source preferably a speech source ignore the electret microphone at this time Turn up the output Volume control VR5 a bit and if necessary turn up the Gain con trol VR2 until an audio output signal is heard L
84. VR1 The voltage on C6 is monitored by pin RA4 This pin is used as a Schmitt trigger input When the soft ware recognises that its input voltage level from C6 has reached the upper trigger threshold value pin RA2 is set to OV Capacitor C6 now starts to discharge via R2 and VR1 Now when the lower Schmitt VR3 WIPER FIG 2 IC4c LMC6484 Fig 3 Circuit diagram for the audio input stage threshold has been reached RA2 is again set high The process continues indefinite ly the result being a reasonable triangular waveform across C6 The four commands associated with RA2 s toggling are shown towards the end of Listing 1 Either the triangular waveform across C6 or the square wave at RA2 can be fed via switch S3 to buffer op amp IC4d in Fig 4 The resulting output voltage is rout ed to Modulation Depth control VR4 and fed via R21 to the control input pin 1 of the transconductance op amp IC5 This device is used as the audio signal envelope shaper as described presently The modulation rate set by VRI is vari able between about 10Hz and 70Hz It may be changed by amending the value of Input Stage The circuit diagram in Fig 3 is that for the Cybervox audio input stage The circuit has been designed with several possible audio input sources in mind It was felt that like the majority of audio effects units the Cybervox will be used between an existing microphone coupled preamp and a 2 2200p 1 i Sk2 r
85. a c voltage is induced into the coil when it is put against one of the flat sides of the mains flex This is passed to a simple two stage audio frequency amplifier based around TR1 and TR2 High brightness l e d D1 is controlled by TR2 s collector and buffered by R8 Adjustment of TR2 s gain and the response of the l e d is made by preset VRI to suit the current drawn by different TVs When VRI is correctly adjusted the amplified alternating voltage across the l e d is high enough to cause it to glow with the TV in the fully on mode but not in standby mode In the prototype the l e d is held against Fig 2 Circuit of the TV Standby Monitor P LNG 35 TO LIGHTS REMINDER N O CIRCUIT and the pair form a home made opto cou pler Sufficiently large pulses output at TR3 s emitter keep capacitor C4 charged thus turning on Darlington pair TR4 and TRS via buffer resistor R6 This causes relay RLA to turn on and so open its n c normally closed contacts If the detected current signal is too small C4 will slowly discharge turning off TR4 TRS and the relay The relay s n c contacts then re close turning on whatever you choose to have turned on by that action A D Beech and M Robertson Chasetown which has had all its laminations removed opto sensor TR3 by black insulating tape Note that the circuit requires good supply decoupling for which purpose capacitors C3 and C6 are employed each being wired
86. a slow speed Setting ora variable speed control is better Drilling plastic using a high speed drill is not a good idea The plastic tends to melt usually producing very rough results and caking the drill with plastic A hand drill may seem a bit old fash ioned but it is an excellent choice for plastic cases due to the slow drilling speed and the high degree of control it permits to avoid the very cheap irons They seem to be short lived or simply do not generate enough heat to do the job properly Some barely get hot enough to melt solder At the other extreme an expensive temperature controlled iron will do the job very well but is perhaps a bit over the top for occasional pro ject building Antex irons are widely available in the UK and the Antex name is syn onymous with soldering When I start ed building radios in the 1960s I used Fig 2 The Antex C15 15W soldering iron At one time it was possible to produce most projects using drill bits of just three or four well chosen sizes These days components come in all shapes and sizes making it necessary to have drills in a wide range of sizes If you do not already have a set of HSS drills from about one millimetre to 10 millimetres in diameter then it is certainly worthwhile buying one It is probably best to avoid the cheapest sets since they are prone to snapping and blunt quickly On the other hand top quality drills are not essential if you will mainly be
87. able gate arrays FPGA for high performance digital signal processing operations simpler halfway house system has been introduced by communications infra structure specialist AlanDick Again it is aimed at cellular operators needing to refine network coverage but in this case remote controlled actuators optimise base station antenna beam patterns to boost signal strength under precision software control from a network control centre possibly hun dreds of miles or kilometres distant The antennas move but your technical staff don t states David King Group Marketing Manager At the touch of a but ton cellular base station antennas can be realigned and coverage optimised in an instant day or night rain or shine No site visits no callouts no fuel bills no vehicle mileage no climbing no risk Applications go beyond fine tuning of base station fixed coverage Explains Mr King Operators can reconfigure their net works dynamically for instance directing maximum power into a football stadium while an international match is being played there Coverage can also be opti mised in business areas during the daytime but into nearby residential districts at night Perhaps this will start a new spot ting craze watching for cellsite antennas that move 473 WIN AN ATLAS LCR ANALYSER WORTH 69 An Atlas LCR Passive Component READOUT Email john becker wimborne co uk John Becker addresses some
88. ance equipment or visit us oscillator sections plus trimmers They are currently stocked by ESR Components 0191 251 4363 or www esr co uk code 896 110 and Sherwood Electronics see page 520 code CTY The tuning capacitor used in the model came from Maplin 0870 264 6000 or www maplin co uk code AB11M The printed circuit boards are available from the EPE PCB Service codes 508 Switch Cap 509 Mix Osc 510 Buff Amp 511 Q Multi and 406 Tune Cap optional Multi Clap Switch Apart from the authors comments highlighting that you must use an unbuffered UB 4069UB hex inverter i c for the Multi Clap Switch project we do not expect any component buying problems to be encountered However you should checkout the relay contact pinout arrangement and rating before you purchase this item It may not fit directly on the p c b and the alternative is to hard wire it to the board The printed circuit board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 515 see page 517 Back to Basics Part 4 Doorchime Electronic Dice Looking through the component lists that make up the Doorchime and Electronic Dice this month s Back to Basics projects we cannot see any items that may cause local sourcing problems The miniature 40mm to around 66mm diameter Mylar cone loudspeaker seems to be the most popular one stocked by our components advertisers The two printed cir cuit boards are available from the EPE PCB Service codes
89. and are certainly accurate enough for general hobby use Moving On Once your constructional abilities move on the need for more equipment like variable power supplies signal generators frequency meters and oscilloscopes grows Many of these items can now be provided by a computer plus a suitable front end interface and these are advertised in our pages Often one unit will provide a range of functions and the storage and display abilities of the PC can add to the functions One interesting alternative to this approach is to purchase used equipment and again you will find items like second hand oscilloscopes advertised in EPE surprisingly these start at under 50 for a dual trace 20MHz unit that will cope with 90 of hobbyist needs In comparison with other hobbies like golf or even watching top flight sport these days electronics really is an inexpensive hobby plus of course there are rewards when your new project is put to good use AVAILABILITY Copies of EPE are available on subscription anywhere in the world see opposite from all UK newsagents distributed by COMAG and from the following electronic component retail ers Omni Electronics and Yebo Electronics S Africa EPE can also be purchased from retail magazine outlets around the world An Internet on line version can be purchased and downloaded for just 14 99US approx 8 per year available from www epemag com Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 SU
90. and keeps the hot iron safe when you are not using it and also acts as a heatsink that helps to prevent the iron from overheating Desoldering We all make mistakes and the need for a desoldering tool will probably arise sooner rather than later Having tried a number of desoldering methods over the years the only inexpensive type that works really well is a desoldering pump With one of these you first use the sol dering iron to melt the solder and then use the spring powered pump to suck the molten solder from joint Even the cheaper desoldering pumps seem to go on working efficiently for a long time provided they are not allowed to get seriously clogged with bits of solder While the average toolbox will con tain a selection of screwdrivers it is likely that they will generally be too large for electronic work A blade width of only two or three millimetres is need ed for some tasks such as tightening the grub screws in control knobs Good quality screwdrivers for electrical use do not cost very much so there is no Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 point in buying very cheap ones with blades that tend to twist and break Stripped for Action Do not be tempted to use scissors or penknives for cutting wires or remov ing the plastic insulation from connect ing wires Using scissors to cut wire will not give adequate precision and will soon render the scissors useless for cutting anything Stripping plastic
91. and short length of 6mm 1 4in diameter plastic spindle off cut see text X1 4MHz crystal unit in HC49 U or U4 style case S1 1 pole 12 way rotary switch S2 single pole single throw toggle switch B1 9V PP3 type battery with clips rinted circuit boards available from tne EPE PCB Service codes 406 Tune Cap 508 Switch Cap and 509 Mix Osc aluminium case size 133mm 5 25in x 102mm 4in x 38mm 1 5in coaxial socket screw terminal 2 off plastic knob 2 off l e d holder battery holder multistrand connecting wire p c b stand off pillars 10 off self adhesive feet 4 off card and thin Perspex sheet for case front panel spindle extender for polyvaricon capacitor nuts bolts wash ers solder pins solder etc Approx Cost Guidance Only 25 excl case hardware amp batts Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 LF VLF TUNING AND CONVERTER BOARDS TO GATE OF TR1 IN CONVERTER UNIT OR BUFFER UNIT TO HOT END OF LOOP AERIAL OR TUNING INDUCTOR COIL 8 5 3 Cc 9 J 3 TO EARTH AND OV RAIL IN 3 CONVERTER UNIT OR BUFFER UNIT gt TO EARTHY END OF LOOP AERIAL EN OR TUNING INDUCTOR COIL 3 Fig 2 Printed circuit board component layouts above and full size copper track masters above right for the variable and switched tuning circuits 2 05in 52mm 4 MHz I F OUTPUT TO RECEIVER VIA C0 AXIAL CABLE EY AND L2 TO HOT SIDE OF TUNNG
92. annel relay board 5A mains rated relay outputs and 4 opto isolated digital inputs for monitoring switch states etc Useful in a variety of control and sensing applications Programmed via serial port use our new Windows interface terminal emulator or batch files Serial cable can be up to 35m long Includes plastic case 130 x 100 x 30mm Power 12VDC 500mA Kit Order Code 3108KT 54 95 Assembled Order Code AS3108 64 95 Infra red RC 12 Channel Relay Board Control 12 on board relays i remote control unit Toggle or momentary 15m range 112 x 122mm Supply 12VDC 0 5A Kit Order Code 3142KT 41 95 Assembled Order Code AS3142 51 95 PC Data Acquisition amp Control Unit Monitor and log a mixture of analogue and digital inputs and control external devices via the ana logue and digital outputs Monitor pressure tempera ture light intensity weight switch state movement relays etc with the apropriate sensors not supplied Data can be processed stored and the results used to control devices such as motors sirens relays servo motors up to 11 and two stepper motors Features 11 Analogue Inputs 0 5V 10 bit 6mV step 16 Digital Inputs 20V max Protection 1K in series 5 1V Zener 1 Analogue Output 0 2 5V or 0 10V 8 bit 20mV step 8 Digital Outputs Open collector 500mA 33V max Custom box 140 x 110 x 35mm with printed front amp rear pa
93. apply Li 25 33 C 2533 f2C PL ImH 10004 H What value capacitor is required to tune a 3mH inductor to 200kHz 25 33 200 x 200 x 3 0 000211uF 211pF down to 16kHz The remaining sections of the coil can be used to improve matching to an electrically very short aerial Coil Construction The inductor coil sections are wound between card bobbins spaced along a for mer cut from a length of 21mm 7 8in diameter plastic overflow pipe The induc tance and Q factor are increased by the use of a 9mm 3 8in dia x 125mm Sin length of ferrite rod as a core Full details of the inductor coil construc tion are given in Fig 6 and little needs to be added A modeling knife is useful for cut ting out the card cheeks and Durofix or a similar quick setting adhesive is best for sticking the cheeks to card strips wrapped around the former to construct the bobbins Dip the bobbins in cellulose or shellac to harden them after the glue has set The wind ings can be protected by a thin strip of mask ing tape but they should not be impregnated 483 Loop Aerial A tuned resonant loop aerial has much to commend it for low fre quency reception Provided its diameter is greater than one metre 3ft signal pick up usually exceeds that from the 20 metres 65ft or so of wire that can be accommodated in most gardens More important a loop exhibits a pronounced null in pick up when its axis is pointing towards a n
94. ard is given a quick shock Inc 45 Wiggins Avenue Bedford Massachusetts 01730 USA Tel 1 800 872 2661 Web www tra con com from the flash before it is taken out of the camera The l c d then displays the card s contents by reflecting ambient light until cleared by another shock when the card is put back into the camera Barry Fox Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Readers Circuits Ingenuity Unlimited Our regular round up of readers own circuits We pay between 10 and 50 for all material pub lished depending on length and technical merit We re looking for novel applications and circuit designs not simply mechani cal electrical or software ideas Ideas must be the reader s own work apa A aie F TOER p es ee jf p ti d a a Lo a and must not have been published or submitted for publication else where The circuits shown have NOT been proven by us ngenuity Unlimited is open to ALL abilities but ttems for consideration in this column should be typed or word processed with a brief circuit description between 100 and 500 words maximum and include a full circuit diagram showing all component values Please draw all circuit schematics as clearly as possible Send your circuit ideas to Ingenuity Unlimited Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND We do not accept submissions for IU via email Your ideas could earn y
95. as they are assembled on stripboard There are faders wipers and effects units which will add sparkle and originality to your video recordings an audio mixer and noise reducer to enhance your sound tracks and a basic computer control interface AIso there s a useful selection on basic video production techniques to get you started Complete with explanations of how the circuit works shopping lists of components advice on con struction and guidance on setting up and using the projects this invaluable book will save you a small fortune Circuits include video enhancer improved video enhancer video fader horizontal wiper improved video wiper negative video unit fade to grey unit black and white keyer vertical wiper audio mixer stereo headphone amplifier dynamic noise reducer automatic fader push button fader computer control interface 12 volt mains power supply Order code PC115 10 05 5 45 PC MUSIC THE EASY GUIDE Robin Vincent How do I make music on my PC Can I record music onto my PC What s a sequencer How can I get my PC to print a music score What sort of a soundcard do need What hardware and software do need How do connect a key board to my PC Just a few of the questions you ve probably asked Well you ll find the answers to all these questions and many more in this book It will show you what can be done what it all means and what you will need to start creating your own music o
96. at the code will at some point have to correctly configure the pins on all the ports used as either inputs or outputs as required The values of the control outputs RSET OE WE and CE must be set to their inactive values during program ini tialisation The direction of the data port will change depending on the action being performed The bits on the control port need to be manipulated individually so we can define values to identify the individual bits used Here bits 1 to 6 are used so bits 0 and 7 are free for other purposes if this is an 8 bit Listing 1 CF DATA REG CF ERROR REG CF FEATURES REG CF SEC CNT REG CF SEC NUM REG CF CYL LO REG CF CYL HI REG CF HEAD REG CF STATUS REG CF COMMAND REG CF CONTROL CF DATA CF ADDR CD1 RSET OE WE RDY CE1 port Your code would be different from that below if you used different pins for different functions Identify Yourself One quick way to get the CompactFlash card to do something is to issue the Identify Device command and then read data from the card The values read provide useful data about the card which may be needed in developing other bits of the code sophisticated program would use this data to control how it interacted with the card You can of course hardwire your code to work with a particular card or assume the commonest or default values to make things easier but less adaptable For an initial experiment to prove that your circuit is work
97. ata is not physically shifted along capacitive storage cells but is stored digitally in consecutive memory bytes The effect of this is that the final output replay value must be converted from a dig ital format to an analogue equivalent This requires the addition of a digital to ana logue converter DAC which in the case of the Cybervox is provided by IC3 a Texas Instruments TLC7524 8 bit device As used here the TLC7524 produces an output voltage of OV for a digital input of binary 00000000 and a 5V output supply line level for a binary input of 11111111 Internally the DAC s analogue voltage is generated across a ladder network of IC4c PIN 1 FIG 3 5V MODULATION VR4 DEPTH 100k LMC6484 RA4 p FIG 2 resistors and the final output must be buffered to prevent this ladder being unde sirably loaded Op amp IC4a provides this unity gain buffering It is a rail to rail device so it too has an output that can swing fully between OV and the 5V line voltage The output from IC4a is fed via rever beration level control VR3 to the audio envelope modulator stage in Fig 4 which is discussed shortly Modulation Waveform The PIC is also responsible for generat ing the audio modulation waveform The waveshaping and rate generation compo nents are capacitor C6 plus resistor R2 and rate control VRI The software initially sets RA2 as a logic high output pin Capacitor C6 starts to charge via R2 and
98. aths for PICs Ingenuity Unlimited amp Circuit Surgery Techo Talk amp PIC N Mix Picoscope 3205 Review Net Work The Internet Page PROJECTS e PIC Electric MK2 Pt1 Sneaky e Sound Card Mixer amp Smart Karts 5 FEATURES e Interface amp Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk PIC N Mix E Blocks and Flowcode V2 0 Reviews Net Work The Internet Page DID YOU MISS THESE ss PROJECTS e Cat Flap amp Stereo Headphone Monitor e PIC Electric Mk2 Pt2 Smart Karts 6 amp Bingo Box FEATURES e TK3 Simulator and PIC18F Upgrade Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited amp Techno Talk PIC N Mix Practically Speaking amp Net Work The Internet Page APR 05 PROJECTS Spontaflex Radio Receiver Safety Interface Fridge Freezer Door Alarm Smart Karts 7 FEATURES Back To Logic Basics 1 Circuit Surgery amp Ingenuity Unlimited amp Interface amp PIC18F Microcontroller Family Introduction amp Techno Talk Net Work The Internet Page mikse de ACTEON netanteuten 6 oer redi i BPECAL BACK TO BASICS Water Level Detector Rurgiss Storm 9 MAY 05 PROJECTS e Crossword Solver amp DAB Radio Aerial e 20W Amplifier Module amp Smart Karts 8 e Water Level Detector Burglar Alarm FEATURES Back To Logic Basics 2 Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited amp Passive Component Testing Practically Speaking Techno Talk Net W
99. atic drawing features including full control of drawing appearance automatic wire routing and over 6 000 parts PROSPICE Lite integrated into ISIS Lite which uses unique animation to show the operation of any circuit with mouse operated switches pots etc The animation is compiled using a full mixed mode SPICE simulator ARES Lite PCB layout software allows professional quality PCBs to be designed and includes advanced features such as 16 layer boards SMT components and an autorouter operating on user generated Net Lists ROBOTICS amp UE NE Pr ee es Tag Case study of the Milford Instruments Spider Robotics and Mechatronics is designed to enable hobbyists students with little previous experience of electronics to design and build electromechanical systems The CD ROM deals with all aspects of robotics from the control systems used the transducers available motors actuators and the circuits to drive them Case study material including the NASA Mars Rover the Milford Spider and the Furby is used to show how practical robotic systems are designed The result is a highly stimulating resource that will make learning and building robotics and mechatronic systems easier The Institutional versions have additional worksheets and multiple choice questions O Interactive Virtual Laboratories O Little previous knowledge required Mathematics is kept to a minimum and all calculations are explained Clear circuit
100. atured in EPE Feb 03 KIT 910 Seeks light beeps and avoids obstacles Spins and reverses when cornered Uses 8 pin PIC chip ALSO KIT 911 As 910 PLUS programmable from PC serial port leads and software CD included KIT 910 16 99 KIT 911 24 99 Additional Parts as listed in misc Section less RF mod ules Lock and Motor g box rs Opens 2a 32 qu 3 TA og 0 e wien Q Station Road Cullercoats vu Tyne amp Wear NE30 4PQ dg Prices Exclude Vat 17 UK Carriage 2 50 less than 1kg Ain 5 50 greater than 1kg An Cheques Postal orders payable to Pier ESR Electronic Components ou PLEASE ADD CARRIAGE amp VAT TO ALL ORDERS A PCB Production Development 0 1 Copper Stripboar Si Tracks Holes 9T 25H 46T 179H Stripboard track cutter Solderless Breadboard Tie Points amp Size Power Rails 390 81x60mm 2 2 75 840 175x67mm2 4 86 740 175 x 55mm I 4 03 640 175x42mm0 _ 3 08 Many other sizes available also jump wires amp matrix board PCB Production pres Materials A4 Artwork Film per 10 sheets Clear Manual Film 1 25 Clear Laser Film __ 1 75 White HQ Laser Film 4 62 Etch Resist Pens Dalo Pen Staedtler Fine Pen Etch Resist Transfers Seno mixed DIL pads 2 24 Seno mixed Rnd pads 2 2 Alfac mixed pads Transfer Spatular 1 25 _ TTL sporene We carry the full range of Seno amp Alfac PCB transfer
101. bout net fraud in the April issue Most useful was the phone number for Paypal I have received four emails saying my Paypal account has been sus pended After receiving the first I drew 500 the next day from my supposedly suspended Paypal account which at the time struck me as being a bit odd Now after talking directly to Paypal I find the suspension emails are a scam to get you to go to a website and enter per sonal details The guy on the phone asked me if any of the emails contained my name which they did not and he told me we know who you are and will always address you by name if you receive an email which does not have your name on it do not reply at all as it is a scam but forward it on to the Paypal fraud team Which I did and they are now investigating Also on the subject of fraud I current ly receive in the order of 10 emails a week offering a very low cost mortgage by clicking on a web address Every sin gle email contains the same exact word ing but comes with a different sender s name on it now I am not sure what the scam is but it would seem to me that these are ready made scams that you buy and just put your name to Michael Dranfield Buxton Derbyshire via email Alan replied to Michael Glad you find the Net Work column of interest I have received plenty of scam emails for cheap loans or mortgages based in the USA I guess it is just spam trying to drum up loan business or it could b
102. by injected directly into the mixer The stage is decoupled from the supply rail by resistor R4 and capacitor C15 LF Output The tuned circuit formed by coil L1 trimmer capacitor VC2 and capacitor C13 selects the 4MHz 1 f output it passes a band of frequencies from 4MHz to 4 350MHz see earlier Matching to the low impedance input of the communica tions receiver is achieved by coil L2 and C17 acts as a d c blocking capacitor some receivers can have d c voltages on their input circuitry The mixer stage TR1 is decoupled from the supply by resistor R2 and capacitor C14 Powering Up Current drain is very modest around 4mA plus the current taken by the optional l e d D3 On indicator and its ballast resistor R7 A PP3 type battery is therefore an appropriate and convenient means of pow ering the Converter Switch S2 connects power to the circuit and bypass capacitor C20 ensures stability and consistent operation as the battery ages 479 Construction The LF VLF Converter unit is assembled on three printed circuit boards p c b s one for the variable tuning capacitor one for the fixed tuning capacitors and one for the mixer oscillator These boards are available from the EPE PCB Service codes 406 Tun cap 508 Fix cap and 509 Mix Osc respectively This arrangement permits the 2 tuning capacitor system to be used gt with the simple Buffer Amplifier to V be described later or with the Rege
103. capable of driving motors of up to 500W rating without modification BACK TO BASICS 5 Two more projects using CMOS logic i c s e Room Thermostat Kitchen Timer NO ONE DOES IT BETTER ELECTRONICS Cd DON T MISS AN ISSUE PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW see page 508 See page 520 AUGUST 2005 ISSUE ON SALE THURSDAY JULY 14 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 451 Or take out a subscription and save money Postage amp Packing Options Up to 2kg gross weight UK standard 3 7 Day sm VISA Quasar Electronics Limited PO Box 6935 Bishops Stortford CM23 4WP Tel 0870 246 1826 Fax 0870 460 1045 E mail sales quasarelectronics com QUASAR OS 7 1 electronics Helping you make the right connections Delivery 3 95 UK Mainland Next Day Delivery 8 95 Europe EU 6 95 Rest of World 9 95 Order online for reduced price UK Postage We accept all major credit debit cards Make cheques POs payable to Quasar Electronics Limited Prices include 17 5 VAT MAIL ORDER ONLY Call now for our FREE CATALOGUE with details of over 300 high quality kits projects modules and publications 717 7168 CREDIT CARD SALES PIC amp ATMEL Programmers We have a wide range of low cost PIC and ATMEL Programmers Complete range and documentation available from our web site Programmer Accessories 40 pin Wide ZIF socket ZIF40W 15 00 18VDC Power supply PSU010 19 95
104. cations Appendix Basic Calculations 263 pages Order code NE30 18 99 PROJECTS FOR RADIO AMATEURS AND S W L S R A Penfold This book describes a number of electronic circuits most of which are quite simple which can be used to enhance the performance of most short wave radio systems The circuits covered include An aerial tuning unit A simple active aerial An add on b f o for portable sets A wavetrap to combat signals on spurious responses An audio notch filter A parametric equaliser C W and S S B audio filters Simple noise limiters A speech processor A volume expander Other useful circuits include a crystal oscillator and RTTY C W tone decoder and a RTTY serial to parallel converter A full range of interesting and useful circuits for short wave enthusiasts Order code BP304 4 45 AN INTRODUCTION TO AMATEUR RADIO I D Poole Amateur radio is a unique and fascinating hobby which has attracted thousands of people since it began at the turn of the century This book gives the newcomer a comprehensive and easy to understand guide through the subject so that the reader can gain the most from the hobby It then remains an essential reference volume to be used time and again Topics covered include the basic aspects of the hobby such as operating proce dures jargon and setting up a station Technical topics covered include propagation receivers transmitters and aerials etc Order code BP257 5 49
105. ccess it This is simply a matter of check ing the level of the Card Detect line CD1 which will be low if the card is present CompactFlash cards in PC Memory mode can be hot swapped that is inserted and removed with the power on If a port with interrupt on change is used for CD1 then card insertion could be detected via an interrupt service routine The card is designed so that power is applied to it before the signals make con tact when the card is inserted however it is still possible for transients on the card s outputs during the 100ms or so after inser tion to cause problems or even damage to the microcontroller The PIC should wait this period after detecting a card before accessing it or making any of its connec tions to the card act as outputs Obviously removing the card while access is occur ring will cause problems and an l e d switched via a PIC port not shown in the schematic could be used to indicate that card is in use and should not be unplugged Play your cards write To use the CompactFlash Card we need to know about the commands it accepts There are over 40 commands listed in the CompactFlash specification document and detailed description takes about 50 pages Some of the commands are listed in Table 1 to give you an idea of what is available but actually you need very few commands to make basic use of the card Table 1 excludes non recommended commands commands that in effect do nothing with a Co
106. connection ASSEMBLY FOR PICmicro V3 Formerly PICtutor Assembly for PICmicro microcontrollers V3 0 previously known as PICtutor by John Becker contains a complete course in programming the PIC16F84 PICmicro microcontroller from Arizona Microchip It starts with fundamental concepts and extends up to complex programs including watchdog timers interrupts and sleep modes The CD makes use of the latest simulation techniques which provide a superb tool for learning the Virtual PICmicro micro controller This is a simulation tool that allows users to write and execute MPASM assembler code for the PIC16F84 microcontroller on screen Using this you can actually see what happens inside the PICmicro MCU as each instruction is executed which enhances understanding Comprehensive instruction through 45 tutorial sections Includes Vlab a Virtual PICmicro microcontroller a fully functioning simulator Tests exercises and projects covering a wide range of PlCmicro MCU applications Includes MPLAB assembler O Visual representation of a PICmicro showing architecture and functions Expert system for code entry helps first time users Shows data flow and fetch execute cycle and has challenges washing machine lift crossroads etc Imports MPASM files Virtual PICmicro HARDWARE 14 5 including VAT and postage 12V 500mA plug top PSU UK plug 7 25 way D type connecting cable 5 SOFTWARE
107. ctagonal plates H nl ft ag aa tof Smm 1 din ply Se 220mm X 220mm ES ri GIN 9in X in ne _ Glue and screw comb pieces See eo to struts Se i y Y Q Multiplier and tag sinp mounted on de i Screwed to pot strut 200mm X 80mm X 16mm Bin X 3 tidin X Badin Base members out of 18mm 3 41n theck material Glue and screw base members together 7 Sg ee AASEN g a pet ji me se Plastic tube a tight Z dimm 1 Ven plastic LE iis L fit in box formed by maste pipe as pwal tube hase members up i Ea inn 4 z 100mm a Strut extended to 1 A idin support loop a i ARAMA a s Q MULTIPLIER Pack oul support sirut at MOUNTING Ez the base and work to Pival tube bd round section to form spindle hk eee ee m mit ait JOINT AT CENTRE E Somm eo OF BASE Pivot tube T 2in a sr ar EE z T Spindles t 1 Case members ELEVATION OF LOOP Use plywood or softwood for ihe comb pieces and ihe hase members 280mm 17in Nylon ball from deodorant bottle as beanng at base af spindle SECTION THROUGH PIVOT Fig 7 Constructional details for an LF VLF Loop Aerial with optimal Q Multiplier Eight radial arms support the 248 enamelled copper wire windings Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 w g These Aravangs are not io scal
108. d capacitor C1 This may be varied by alter ing either component When setting the tune it may be useful to slow down the sequence to allow more time to set each note and this may be done by soldering an additional large value capacitor in parallel with C1 on the back of the board observing its correct polarity Alternatively the notes may be set indi vidually by removing IC2 from its socket and connecting the Q9 output pin 11 to OV to enable the oscillators This is done most easily by inserting a wire link between pins 8 and 11 on the socket The frequency of each note may now be adjusted by connecting each output pin to 9V IC2 socket pin 16 in turn Thus the first note can be set by connecting pin 3 to pin 16 and adjusting VR1 the second by connecting pin 2 to pin 16 and adjusting VR2 and so on The remaining output pins in the sequence are pins 4 7 10 1 5 6 and 9 respectively Once this has been done IC2 may be replaced in its socket and the circuit should generate the set tones in sequence when it is triggered Note that to prevent damage to the circuit the battery should be disconnected before removing or inserting any i c or changing any connections Electronic Dice OME people consider that it is their skill rather than luck which decides the outcome of board games The conventional dice supplied with games can become the source of many misunderstand ings if it does not roll for them Th
109. d trigger the sounder the value of R3 likely needs to be increased Also if sounder WD1 should sound when l e d D1 was first illuminated and continued to be illuminated a slight reduction in sensitivity should cure the prob lem Alternatively improve supply decoupling Capacitors Cl and C4 and presets VR1 and VR2 may be omit ted from the circuit to create a strictly active device while the junctions of the I d r s and their attendant resistors ideally variable resistors are taken to the trigger inputs of IC1 and IC2 Thomas Scarborough Cape Town South Africa Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 471 uer TALK MARK NELSON SQUINTING ON PURPOSE In humans squinting has a negative connotation but when it comes to beaming radio signals round corners squinting is a highly S children in the playground we always wanted to try squinting although heaven knows why probably because our parents told us it was bad for us The medical definition of squinting refers to a turn in the eye also known as strabismus and describes the situation where one normal eye fixates on the object of interest and the other the squinting eye points elsewhere As a condition it is clearly undesirable although the ability to look in more than one direction has always fascinated people chiefly for the strategic advantage it gives in a confrontational situation Periscopes are a good example they have uses in battle and as pla
110. ded low cost paper composite board 10 d 0 44 8 x 12 Board E Copper clad glass fibre Single amp Double 1 6mm 305g m 100 x 160mm Single 0 8 100 x 220mm Single 160 x 233mm Single 220 x 233mm Single 8 x 12 Single 100 x 160mm Double 100 x 220mm Double 160 x 233mm Double 220 x 233mm Double 8 x 12 Double Photoresist Coated 1 6mm 35 micron Pre coated with a high quality photo resist layer Available in low cost paper composite or Olan fibre Single amp Double sided Other sizes also available Glass Fibre Single Double 89 2 PCB Production Chemicals Aerosol Photoresist spray covers 2m Powder developer makes Powder developer makes 10It Ferric Chloride Pellets makes 500ml Ferric Chloride Pellets makes 1lt Ferric Chloride Pellets makes 5lt Clear Fine etch crystals makes 5lt Tin Plating Powder makes Ilt Aerosol Flux spray Aerosol PCB Laquer spray Magnifying Desk Lamp A high quality scratch resistant magnifying glass fitted to a bal anced swivel arm and desk mount An eat flourescent tube provides illumination Magnification 3x Lens 120mm Tube 22W Daylight simulation Model 028 205 28 80 Tools Cutters amp Strippers We carry a wide range of specialist tools for the elec tronics industry including N Side Cutters 130mm Low cost 115mm Draper 115mm Box Jointed 145mm Long reach Wire Strippers 130mm Low cost 2 30 150mm Draper 5mm 5 86 Tools
111. difficult to accurately manoeuvre them into place If your fingers are not as nimble as they used to be oryou simply have large hands a pair of tweez ers will make life much easi er when dealing with tiny components managed for many years without tweez ers but now regard them as an essential part of my toolkit Practically any small tweezers should do the job well The fancier types that Fig 6 A magnifier on a flexible arm makes it easier to work on intricate circuit boards Fig 4 Loosening the bolt enables it to be slid to a new position and tightened again This method of adjustment is fine if only occasional readjustment will be needed Fig 5 A simple rotary control enables the setting to be changed quickly but it is easily knocked onto a different setting have angled ends are good for getting things precisely into position but it can be difficult to get a reliable grip on com ponents like resistors that have round bodies It is probably best to avoid plas tic tweezers They often seem to lack strength and might melt if used to hold something that gets hot Finally Before starting your first project it is advisable to make sure that you at least have the basic tools for the job Building a project will not be much fun if you have to keep stopping in order to go out and buy a miniature screwdriver some more solder and so on On the other hand it is probably a mistake to get carried away and buy a
112. does not work first time try a slower series of claps or faster making them machine like in their regularity The three l e d s in combination may be used as described earlier to analyse the inter nal operation of the circuit With a minimum of three claps spurious sounds are not likely to trigger the switch This makes it possible to create a switch that is more reliable gentler to use and more versatile than the thug of a clap switch we have all come to know a a w k 3 50in 90mm Fig 3 Printed circuit board component layout wiring details and full size copper foil master for the Multi Clap Switch Note the bridging link between the Earth tracks Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Like the Clappers In order to change the number of claps in a sequence the wired connection from IC2 Q3 pin 7 to IC3 clock input pin 3 can be connected to any of IC2 s output stages Q1 to Q9 Terminal holes in the p c b are pro vided for this purpose As an example for a full nine claps the wired connection would be moved to IC2 Q9 Note that if the sequence of claps is lengthened like this the value of the time out resistor R7 will need to be increased to allow more time to complete the sequence and vice versa Again the red time out l e d D2 will assist in selecting the correct value for R7 On the other hand the required pause between claps is set by the value of C8
113. doing some experiments that should change this US 2004 0212710 They were playing with nematic liquid crystal material and found that hitting it with a 3ms pulse of 100V semi permanent ly changed the optical state from transmis sive to reflective A 3ms pulse at 40V then COLD SOLDERING Tra Con a National Starch amp Chemical Company say they have long been sup plying the industry standard in conductive epoxies and have sent us brief details of their Tra Duct 2902 This is an electrical ly conductive silver filled epoxy com pound in a two part smooth paste formu lation of refined pure silver and epoxy and which is free of solvents copper and carbon additives The epoxy develops strong durable electrically and thermally conducting bonds and coatings between many materi als such as metals ceramics glass and plastic laminates It can also be heat or room temperature cured It can be used as a cold solder for heat sensitive compo nents where hot soldering is impractical It can also be used for the assembly and repair of electrical modules p c b s waveguides flat cables and high frequen cy shields Free samples are available For more information about Tra Duct 2902 and other products contact Tra Con changed it back to transmissive So they stuck a simple 1 c d display on the top sur face of a memory card Digital cameras already have flash cir cuits onboard that store well over 100V So the memory c
114. dress Value Bytes 0 848Ah 2 1 XXXXh 2 3 00XXh 2 6 XXXXh 2 7 8 XXXXh 4 10 19 aaaa 20 22 0004h 2 23 26 aaaa 8 27 46 aaaa 40 Model number in ASCII left justified Big Endian Byte Order in Word Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Device command and reads the device information from the card We assume that the program has already initialised the ports and that the address and data ports are currently set as outputs The code first sets the address port to the command regis ter address then outputs the Identify Device command code EC hex on the data port The next section of code waits for the card to be ready This is done in a simple way here and will get stuck if the card is absent or never becomes ready Once the card is ready we issue the command by strobing WE low to write to the card We may need to introduce a delay to make sure WE is low for long enough two or three NOPs may be sufficient but a delay loop subroutine may be needed for fast microcontrollers employing the same approach Next we change the address to that of the data register and the direction of the data port to input Then we loop to read the data Note that each data word is 16 bits and we are using 8 bit data transfer so we have to do two reads per word The data has to be read in order so for example if we want the serial number at words 10 to 19 we have to read and ignore words 0 to 9 first The read process strobes OE low and transf
115. e 485 With the exception of l e d D3 R3 and S1 the various components are assembled on the small printed circuit board as illus trated in Fig 9 Details of the off board wiring and a full size copper track master are also included in this diagram component layout interwiring and full size underside copper foil master Construction Fig 9 Buffer Amplifier printed circuit board Ni TO HOT END OF BUFFER AMPLIFIER See Resistors SHOP Ri 100k n R2 47Q Li OF TUNED CIRCUIT R3 3k9 pag All 0 25W 5 carbon film CO AXIAL CABLE OUTPUT TO RECEIVER Potentiometers i i VR1 1k enclosed preset horiz LU D r Capacitors C1 100n polyester The relationship between the Q factor The Q of a tuning coil can be increased 470n ceramic 2 off and tuned circuit magnification was dis by the application of positive feedback and a 47u radial elect 25V cussed in Parts One and Two of the simple Q Multiplier and Loop Aerial circuit Practical Radio series mentioned earlier In is shown in Fig 10 Field effect transistor Semiconductors brief the Q factor is a figure of merit that TR1 functions here as a Hartley oscillator Its D1 D2 1N4148 signal defines the ability of a tuned circuit to res gain and hence the amount of positive feed diode 2off onate sharply and to magnify signal volt back is controlled by potentiometer VR3 D3 2mA low current ages at its resonant f
116. e what the circuit is thinking particularly if modifications are made Green l e d D14 indicates whether TR2 and the relay are on or off It therefore changes state at the end of each full sequence of claps illuminating when relay RLA engages Red l e d D2 illuminates every time the circuit resets This is useful to show precisely when a sequence of claps times out and whether the value of R7 needs to be increased to allow more time for a full sequence or vice versa Amber l e d D13 indicates when C2 output Q1 is high Thus the very first clap of a sequence causes D13 to illuminate This extinguishes when the circuit resets or when a further clap moves the decade counter on to further stages Q2 to Q9 This l e d is useful in particular for deter mining whether one is clapping too fast If so it will remain illuminated after the first 494 clap indicating that C8 was unable to dis charge before a further clock pulse was received at IC2 pin 14 Inverter Considerations All makes of 4069UB i c should work in this circuit However it was specifically designed around the Philips HEF4069UBP Since this circuit uses the 4069UB in a less than common situation the make of i c does make a difference Any 1 c other than the Philips could be found to have a differ ent effect on the circuit with tweaking being required as described Further the Philips HEF4017BP i c is recommended for IC2 The rea
117. e Neural Networks Insect Intelligence Making a Lifelike Android Hand A Computer Controlled Robotic Insect Programmed in BASIC Telepresence Robots With Actual Arcade and Virtual Reality Applications A Computer Controlled Robotic Arm Animated Robots and Androids Real World Robotic Applications Order code MGH1 14 99 224 pages 16 99 512 DIRECT BOOK SERVICE NOTE ALL PRICES INCLUDE UK POSTAGE The books listed have been selected by Everyday Practical Electronics editorial staff as being of special interest to everyone involved in electronics and computing They are supplied by mail order to your door Full ordering details are given on the last book For a further selection of books see the next two issues of EPE BASIC RADIO PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY lan Poole Radio technology is becoming increasingly important in today s high technology society There are the traditional uses of radio which include broadcasting and point to point radio as well as the new technologies of satellites and cellular phones All of these developments mean there is a growing need for radio engineers at all levels Assuming a basic knowledge of electronics this book provides an easy to understand grounding in the topic Chapters in the book Radio Today Yesterday and Tomorrow Radio Waves and Propagation Capacitors Inductors and Filters Modulation Receivers Transmitters Antenna Systems Broadcasting Satellites Personal Communi
118. e backed off to reduce the output from the Buffer Q Multiplier Connect the Q Multiplier across a tuned circuit formed by the fixed capacitor board and the coil or loop aerial already described The tapping point for the feedback connec tion should be spaced between ten and twenty five percent of the total number of turns up from the earthy end of the wind ing The Multiplier is of course used in conjunction with not in place of the Converter or the Buffer Amplifier Connect a 9V supply to the circuit board Current consumption excluding any l e d indicator should be in the region of 2mA Set the Q multiplier control VR3 to mid travel tune in a station and advance preset VRI or VR2 until the stage almost oscillates Refine the tuning which should now be quite sharp The receiver s signal strength meter should show a dramatic rise up to 40dB on weak transmissions Spend some time adjusting the tapping point and presets VR1 and VR2 With care the operation of the Q Multiplier control can be made smooth and completely free from back lash at all settings of the tuning capacitor Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 WIRELESS for the WARRIOR Volume 4 CLANDESTINE RADIO A technical history of Radio Communication Equipment in clandestine and special forces operations Volume 4 Clandestine Radio not only spy equip ment but sets used by Special Forces Partisans Resistance
119. e diameter ferrite rod 9mm 3 8in 7 700 36 0 diameter x 125mm 5in long thin card postcard masking 8 800 44 8 tape Durofix adhesive or similar small pieces of plywood or 9 900 54 6 MDF 19 way tagstrip see Fig 6 screws 10 1000 64 4 11 1100 14 7 12 1200 85 5 13 1300 95 2 Notes 1 See Fig 6 for details of coil 140mm 5 1 2in 2 Inductance values will be slightly lower if unused windings are shorted CARD BOBBINS TAPPINGS SOLDERED TO 12mm out TAGS ON TAGSTRIP 1 2in OE k GE ve is 24 he gt J y o te b p i P 21mm 7 8in n PLASTIC COIL FORMER ROLLED CARD STRIP we pos PLYWOOD 9mm 3 8in SUPPORTS FERRITE ROD can USE PLASTIC OVERFLOW PIPE FOR COIL FORMER COIL FORMER RECESSED USE MINIATURE CROCODILE CLIPS INTO PLYWOOD SUPPORT TO MAKE CONNECTIONS TO COIL ROD HELD IN PLACE BY ROLLED AND GLUED CARD STRIP FERRITE ROD 9mm DIA X 125mm LONG 3 8in DIA X 5in TO GATE OF TR1 IN CONVERTER UNIT OR HIGH LOW IMPEDANCE BUFFER STAGE gt 13 BOBBINS EACH CONTAINING 100 TURNS OF 36 S W G 32 A W G ENAMELLED COPPER WIRE FIRST BOBBIN TAPPED AT 25 TURNS AND 50 TURNS TOTAL NO OF TURNS 1300 BOBBIN CHEEKS CUT FROM 3mm a THIN CARD POSTCARD CUT SLOT FOR LEAD IN PLASTIC PIPE AS COIL FORMER r TUNING CAPACITOR G 1 FEEDBACK SEE FIG TAPPINGS FOR DETAILS J SEE FIG 10 N Q MULTIPLIER gt EARTH To OV rail 7
120. e evolution of computers A bonus article on his life and work written by his eldest son including many previously unpublished photographs the signature strip Valid From scicsaee sk ne Expiry Date Maestro Issue No SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Note Some of the EXTRA ARTICLES require WinZip to unzip them a EN EEE EE EE J Everyday Practical Electronics June 2005 455 ELECTRO MIG Tel 01283 565435 Fax 546932 http www magenta2000 co uk E mail sales magenta2000 co uk LED EE275 135 Hunter Street Burton on Trent Staffs DE14 2ST All Prices include V A T ADD 3 00 PER ORDER P amp P 6 99 next day VISA MAIL ORDER ONLY e CALLERS BY APPOINTMENT EPE PROJECT PICS Programmed PICs for EPE Projects 12C508 9 3 90 16F627 8 4 90 16C84 16F84 16C71 5 90 16F876 877 10 00 All inc VAT and Postage Some projects are copyright EPE MICROCONTROLLER P I TREASURE HUNTER The latest MAGENTA DESIGN highly stable amp sensitive with I C control of all timing functions and advanced pulse separation techniques e High stability drift cancelli
121. e spammed by a competitor who is hoping to damage a loan provider s image by giving them a bad reputation as a serial spammer I have also had an extremely authentic looking Paypal scam email but as they all say no bank or building society will ever email you asking you to log in and re confirm your passwords etc The May 05 issue had more on phish ing and spyware Alan Winstanley via email To which I would add to also ignore those emails which tell you that several mil lion US dollars are available for transfer to the UK due to financial political situations in a particular country I ve recently been contacted from the Phillipines over one such and could you assist in this for which you would receive a_ substantial share Balderdash It s another scam and you actually end up by sending them money to assist in the process and which you never hear of again There was a splendid tale that could be accessed via our Chatzone a while back in which someone I forget who had followed this up but added his own twists to it and did actually persuade the scam originator to part with some money 60 or so It was hilarious to read all the shenanigans that were employed by both sides 476 Spontaflex With reference to your Letter of the Month on the Spontaflex Radio May 05 I can confirm that the article was by Sir Douglas Hall and ran through Radio Constructor issues Mar 66 Jan 68 May 68 Jun 6
122. eave Reverb control VR3 and Modulation Depth control VR4 turned down for the moment Once an output signal is heard turn up Modulation Control VR4 to about midway then adjust Modulation Rate control VR1 until the audio output is heard being mod ulated at a reasonable rate Ultimately VR1 and VR4 should be adjusted to the rate which you think best represents the Dalek modulation effect browsing the web reveals that there is no definitive opinion on this Turn down the Modulation Depth control and slowly turn up the Reverb control VR3 As the setting is gradually turned up so the reverberation effect should become apparent d wi nad Nea Fig 7 Waveforms recorded on the Cybervox details in text Now adjust Delay Rate control VR6 and listen to the changes in the echo reverb effect so produced Waveforms For interest four waveforms monitored on the Cybervox are shown in Fig 7 They represent a sinewave sampled at fastest sampling rate b the same sinewave sampled at an extremely slow sampling rate Note how the sampling steps are clearly visible c triangular modulation waveform d audio waveform moderately modulated by triangular waveform the similar image shown in Fig 5 was heavily modulated All the waveforms were recorded using the PicoScope for Windows PC interface module Into the Timely Affray Before concluding there are a few peripheral points worth mentioning First 20 odd years ago
123. ed in series with it and both are located centrally long They then pres ent a low impedance A quarter of a wave length at 100kHz is 750 metres approxi mately 2500ft Few readers will have the space or the inclina tion to erect so much wire but impedance increases as length reduces below this ideal Under these condi tions signal transfer and performance can be improved by con necting an induc tance in series with the aerial This has C the effect of length ening the wire elec trically and the amount required is best determined by trial and error f 5 033 VIC Example Assembled LF VLF aerial to receiver matching tapped inductor coil on the ferrite rod the combined inductance will increase to around 7mH permitting tuning down to 36kHz From the foregoing it will be appreciated that suitable inductors coils with tappings for the injection of positive feedback are not diffi cult to find The addition of more capacitance will of course tune them to lower frequencies Ratios A reasonable ratio between capacitance and inductance has to be maintained how ever or performance will suffer Large val ues of capacitance should not be placed in parallel with a low value of inductance to tune to the desired frequency A very rough rule of thumb is to try and keep the inductance expressed in micro henries uH equal to or more than the capacitance expressed in picofarads pF Aer
124. ed tune generators which can play dozens of different tunes are common This simple circuit is less versatile play ing only nine notes but can still be pro grammed to generate the Westminster Chimes or even your own composition which is probably not yet available already programmed into a commercial doorchime Unlike commercial doorchimes the notes are not stored digitally in a memory but are tuned individually by nine preset resistors so that any sequence of notes can be played This makes it easy to change the tune when the current one becomes boring and even the latest top ten hit could be pre set or at least the first nine notes of it Circuit Diagram The complete circuit diagram for the Doorchime is shown in Fig 4 1 The tone generating oscillator is formed around Schmitt trigger NAND gate IC1Ic which has its basic frequency set by capaci tor C3 in conjunction with the current flow ing into it via resistor R4 This is determined by which resistor diode path is selected by a particular output of decade counter IC2 Counter Trigger The counter is triggered by the oscillator formed around Schmitt trigger NAND gate ICla The oscillation frequency is set by capacitor Cl and resistor R1 The output frequency is fed to the counter s clock enable CE input Note that in this circuit the normal clock input CLK is tied high to the positive rail see later When the bellpush switch S1 is pressed a positive goi
125. emiconductor Classification Data MAY 04 PROJECTS e Beat Balance Metal Detector amp In Car Laptop PSU e Low Frequency Wien Oscillator EPE Experimental Seismograph Logger 2 FEATURES e Coping With Lead Free Solder e Teach In 2004 Part 7 Ingenuity Unlimited e Techno Talk Circuit Surgery Practically Speaking Pic N Mix Net Work The Internet Page JUNE 04 PROJECTS e PIC Quickstep Crafty Cooling MIDI Synchronome amp Body Detector Mk2 FEATURES Clinical Electrotherapy Ingenuity Unlimited amp Teach In 2004 Part 8 Interface Circuit Surgery Techno Talk amp PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page JULY 04 PROJECTS e Portable Mini Alarm amp Bongo Box Hard Drive Warbler e EPE PIC Magnetometry Logger 1 FEATURES e Making Front Panel Overlays Practically Speaking Teach In 2004 Part 9 Ingenuity Unlimited Circuit Surgery Techno Talk e PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page PROJECTS e EPE Scorer Keyring L E D Torch amp Simple F M Radio amp EPE PIC Magnetometry Logger 2 FEATURES e PIC To PS 2 Mouse and Keyboard Interfacing Techno Talk Circuit Surgery Teach In 2004 Part 10 Interface Ingenuity Unlimited e PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page SEPT 04 PROJECTS e EPE Wart Zapper amp Radio Control Failsafe amp Rainbow Lighting Control amp Alphamouse Game FEATURES e Light Emitting Diodes
126. en the ranges If the constructor has some means of measuring capacitance the conti nuity of change should be checked A check carried out on the prototype which was assem bled without selecting capacitors revealed a short fall of 20pF between the penultimate and the highest range With up to 2800pF in circuit at this point the short fall is not particularly serious However constructors who can carry out a check will no doubt wish to do so and the p c b has provision for the inser tion of addition capacitors on most of the higher ranges in order to refine values Connect the capacitor tuning bank across a suitable inductor coil and con nect the resulting tuned circuit to the con verter Tune in a weak signal on the receiver remember the receiver dial set ting is 4000kHz plus the frequency of the wanted station Connect an aerial and adjust the variable and fixed capacitors to tune the input circuits to the chosen long wave station The receiver s signal strength meter should reveal the effects of tuning the input Inductors Coils Readers who have some means of meas uring inductance may wish to establish the inductance of the tapped coil and the loop aerial Otherwise all that can be done is to carry out a continuity and resistance check The measured resistance of individual sections of the prototype tapped coil is around 7 4 ohms and the resistance of the entire winding totals 96 ohms Loop Aerial
127. ering PICs book CD ROM and Wavy Wand kit 498 thirty or so instructions Having learnt about the PIC16F627 processor it should be reasonably painless to move on to other PIC processors Real World Programming With the fundamentals out of the way at Chapter 7 the topics of real world programming and PIC circuits are introduced The sug gested method of programming follows along conventional lines with a flowchart being produced first with code then being pro duced for each segment of the program The examples use the MPLAB assembler and the MPSIM simulator Instructions for pro gramming PIC chips are included An MPLAB compatible pro grammer is needed in order to do this Four simple projects are covered in chapters 8 to 11 and these are an electronic dice a wavy wand a games timer and a pulse monitor There are printed circuit designs for the finished projects but there are also solderless breadboard layouts along the way so that users can try out various ideas that are used in the final designs Of course it is not essential to actually build any of the designs or to try any of the experiments However it would be advisable to do so in order to gain the maximum benefit from the book The short final chapter has advice on how to go it alone sources of further information and other helpful advice It is a pity that there is no index and the Contents section at the beginning of the book only lists the chapters Sub headings w
128. ern with a minimum of theory Planning fault finding and testing are each illustrated by step by step examples A unique hands on guide for anyone working with valve tube in USA audio equipment as an electronics exper imenter audiophile or audio engineer Particular attention has been paid to answering ques tions commonly asked by newcomers to the world of the vacuum tube whether audio enthusiasts tackling their first build or more experienced amplifier designers seeking to learn the ropes of working with valves The practical side of this book is reinforced by numerous clear illustrations throughout Order code NE40 21 99 QUICK GUIDE TO ANALOGUE SYNTHESIS lan Waugh Even though music production has moved into the digi tal domain modern synthesisers invariably use ana logue synthesis techniques The reason is simple analogue synthesis is flexible and versatile and it s rel atively easy for us to understand The basics are the same for all analogue synths and you ll quickly be able to adapt the principles to any instrument to edit exist ing sounds and create exciting new ones This book describes How analogue synthesis works The essen tial modules every synthesiser has The three steps to synthesis How to create phat bass sounds How to generate filter sweeps Advanced synth modules How to create simple and complex synth patches Where to find soft synths on the Web If you want to take your synthesiser
129. ers the value from the data port to an internal register Again we have to insert delays to ensure correct timing In a real program the Card Ready check and Read Write strobing would be better written as subroutines as they are likely to be used several times Reading and writing follows a similar pattern but is slightly more complex We have to set the base data address for our read or write by writing to the cylinder and sector registers then set the number of sec tors to read or write and issue the Sector Read or Sector Write command Then the data is read or written byte by byte as in the above example We will look at reading and writing data in more detail next month I M B Onwards Ever Onwards As Circuit Surgery readers will have discovered in recent articles we have devoted some space to discussing miniaturised components such as CompactFlash and surface mount tech nology SMT chips Many readers can be deterred by the lack of use of tradi tional dual in line devices In industry though it is not always feasible for manufacturers to produce discrete dual in line i c s of the type that have graced our project pages for decades The increasing level of integration and the rising numbers of pinouts the need for economies of scale and the drive towards miniaturisation and low power means that the surface mount style may be the only way to produce complex devices All is not lost for the hobbyist though as demons
130. ervice code 514 8 pin d i l socket 14 pin d i I socket 2 off 16 pin d i l socket 28 pin d i l socket knobs for rotary potentiometers see text 6 off 9V battery and clip metal case 225mm x 125mm x 60mm connecting wire solder etc 40 excl case amp batts Approx Cost Guidance Only Returning to Fig 1 switch S2 allows the signal being input to the PIC to come directly from the input stage at IC4c as said earlier or from the output of the enve lope shaper IC5 at pin 8 This option allows pre or post modulation signals to be switched to the delay circuit so enhanc ing the audio effects that can be produced Beware that the dreaded feedback howl can occur in post modulation mode if Reverb control VR3 is turned up too far Other Aspects The circuit is intended for powering from a 9V battery This voltage is fed directly to the output stage around IC6 It is also regulated down to 5V by IC2 to suit the PIC and the analogue circuits which feed into and from it An external 9V d c power source may be used bringing it into the case via sock et SK3 which may have any style of your choosing A 3 5mm jack socket is the type used in the prototype As usual with the author s designs con nector TB1 allows the PIC to be pro grammed in situ by those who have suit able PIC programming facilities such as Toolkit TK3 463 S2 PRE POST S3 S1 MODULATION WAVEFORM ON OFF
131. etermined by this clock rate The range is from 64kHz to about 2 4kHz Immediately prior to each byte being recorded and the recording counter automat ically incremented the memory contents at RAO ANO RA1 AN1 RA2 AN2 VREF RA3 AN3 VREF RA4 TOCKI RAS AN4 SS PGCLK RB6 at IC1 PGDA RB7 PIC18F252 T10SO T1CKI RCO T10SI CCP2 RC1 CCP1 RC2 SCK SCL RC3 SDI SDA RC4 SDO RC5 TX CK RC6 RX DT RC7 OSC1 CLKIN OSC2 CLKOUT fa f f j f COIN IRD I FR Jo Jw gt OV Vpp DATA CLK PROGRAMMER IC3 TLC7524 11 IC4a LMC6484 VR3 100k SEE TEXT Fig 2 Circuit diagram for the Cybervox controller the address currently pointed to is read back This byte was recorded 1536 samples earlier ie with a 64kHz sampling rate about 24 6ms earlier If the live and delayed signals are mixed and replayed together the human ear can just about distinguish this delay as a brief echo The delay becomes even more appar ent if the sampling rate is slowed or the memory bank length increased The latter is not possible in this design but the rate can be changed using VR6 as said above The more the delay is extended to about 565ms with a sampling rate of 2 4kHz the greater the reverberation echo chamber effect The effect becomes even more pronounced if the delayed signal is partially fed back to the original sampling input see later LISTING 1 is A D conversion complete WAITADO btfsc ADCONO GO A goto W
132. f the EPE Chat Zone The way in which threads and messages are displayed is very dif ferent from the former CZ Use the Navigation bar along the top to select either EPE Chat Zone or Radio Bygones message board A list of topics is displayed with the newest or most active at the top Latest messages appear in chronological order at the end of the thread So far most CZ users appear happy with this arrangement as the principle of top posting is not at all universally liked To add your message to the end simply fill in the message entry box underneath It is important to note that if instead you click Start New Thread then you are creating a sub branch off the main thread Now there are some interesting new options available to you you can style your text for size bold italics colour and font You can add hyperlinks and you can include inline graphics e g a circuit diagram with your message Separate files can be uploaded to the server max 30kB so you can share code patches and more By using exclusive mark up tags you can format your message in many ways as one reason for selecting this forum software was its ability to cater for scientific and technical notation Special characters tables lists Greek and mathematical equations can also be formatted Details of the formatting codes are contained in the formatting guide located under the Help button Most importantly you can and you have to Preview your mes sa
133. fold This book first covers the basics of simple logic circuits in general and then progresses to specific TTL logic integrated circuits The devices covered include gates oscillators timers flip flops dividers and decoder cir cuits Some practical circuits are used to illustrate the use of TTL devices in the real world Order code BP332 5 45 MICROCONTROLLER COOKBOOK Mike James The practical solutions to real problems shown in this cook book provide the basis to make PIC and 8051 devices real ly work Capabilities of the variants are examined and ways to enhance these are shown survey of common interface devices and a description of programming models lead on to a section on development techniques The cookbook offers an introduction that will allow any user novice or experienced to make the most of micro controllers ee J 23 99 RADIO BYGONES We also carry a selection of books aimed at readers of EPE s sister maga zine on vintage radio Radio Bygones These books include the Comprehensive Radio Valve Guides five books with a Free copy of the Master Index for just 15 Also Jonathan Hill s excellent Radio Radio a comprehensive book with hun dreds of photos depicting the develop ment of the British wireless set up to the late 1960s The four volumes of our own Wireless For the Warrior by Louis Meulstee are also available These are a technical his tory of radio communication equipment in the Brit
134. fting Networks 4 sections Active Filters 6 sections Oscillators 6 sections from Positive Feedback to Crystal Oscillators Systems 12 sections from Audio Pre Amplifiers to 8 Bit ADC plus a gallery showing representative p c b photos DIGITAL ELECTRONICS V2 0 Digital Electronics builds on the knowledge of logic gates covered in Electronic Circuits amp Components opposite and takes users through the subject of digital electronics up to the operation and architecture of microprocessors The virtual laboratories allow users to operate many circuits on screen Covers binary and hexadecimal numbering systems ASCII basic logic gates monostable action and circuits and bistables including JK and D type flip flops Multiple gate circuits equivalent logic functions and specialised logic functions Introduces sequential logic including clocks and clock circuitry counters binary coded decimal and shift registers A D and D A converters traffic light controllers memories and microprocessors architecture bus systems and their arithmetic logic units Sections on Boolean Logic and Venndiagrams displays and chip types have been expanded in Version 2 and new sections include shift registers digital fault finding programmable logic controllers and microcontrollers and microprocessors The Institutional versions now also include several types of assessment for supervisors including worksheets multiple choice tests fault findin
135. g exercises and examination questions ANALOGUE FILTERS Analogue Filters is a complete course in designing active and passive filters that makes use of highly interactive virtual laboratories and simulations to explain how filters are designed It is split into five chapters Revision which provides underpinning knowledge required for those who need to design filters Filter Basics which is a course in terminology and filter characterization important classes of filter filter order filter impedance and impedance matching and effects of different filter types Advanced Theory which covers the use of filter tables mathematics behind filter design and an explanation of the design of active filters Passive Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ladder filters Active Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ROMS ELECTRONICS CAD PACK PCB Layout Electronics CADPACK allows users to design complex circuit schematics to view circuit animations using a unique SPICE based simulation tool and to design printed circuit boards CADPACK is made up of three separate software modules These are restricted versions of the full Labcenter software ISIS Lite which provides full schem
136. ge before Posting it After that you have five minutes to delete a post and up to 30 minutes to edit it again before it is permanently posted No self respecting forum is complete without emoticons smileys and I have included a range of smileys and small graph ics for you to brighten up your messages having fun is allowed after all As another feature older posts are automatically archived and will appear in special archive links at the bottom of the forum So that you can experiment a little a Test Area enables you to Start a New thread and try some of the features available So log on now to www chatzones co uk we look forward to seeing you there Posted on Tuesday May 17 2005 01 27 pm Thanks for your very rapid reply Mike and the information TR get myself MAX232 and reset the configs Color vi Font Site CIES This is a private posting area Only registered users and moderators may post messages here Enable HTML code in message Mautomatcally acbvate URLs in message 503 Constructional Project Back to Basics CMOS Logic Devices Bart Trepak Part 4 Doorchime and Electronic Dice This short series of articles illustrates how useful circuits can be designed simply using CMOS logic devices as the active components HE days when a simple door knock er or bell was used to signal the arrival of a visitor to our door has seemingly long gone Nowadays micro processor controll
137. gh power broadcast transmitters in what is known as the long wave band covering 150kHz to 350kHz An amateur band is centred on 136kHz and various other transmissions are radiat ed from 150kHz to below 10kHz In the IkHz to 20kHz region whistlers or howlers can be found these are a natural electromagnetic phenomenon caused by distant lightning Longwave broadcasting did not take hold outside Europe In the Americas Canada Australia and New Zealand fre quencies below 550kHz are allocated for time signals military government and commercial data and marker beacons used primarily by the aviation industry As the frequency is lowered electromag netic waves penetrate water and earth to an increasing depth Frequencies below 10kHz are used by the military for commu nicating with submarines On a more peaceful note localized communications with cavers or potholers are achieved on a frequency of 874Hz the Molefone Whistlers Natural electromagnetic phenomena known as whistlers or howlers occur at frequencies between IkHz and 20kHz Electromagnetic waves caused by dis tant lightning are distorted as they trav el around the earth and this produces a whistling or howling sound at the receiver Greatest activity is usually dur ing the summer months between sunset and dawn frie on rr on from the popular 478 Whistler receivers are no more than sen sitive audio amplifiers connected to a short aerial They inco
138. h nology to this old problem have resulted in a new breed of so called smart antennas And whereas the main market for squinting antennas was defence radar systems the driving force today is satisfying demands for increased capac ity and better quality of service for cellular radio Smart antenna arrays are an attractive solution they deliver numerous benefits but also have digital signal processing requirements that are many orders of magnitude greater than single antenna implementations calling for some novel and powerful processing systems to support the deployment of these arrays In a recent issue of the trade magazine Wireless Europe Malachy Devlin Chief Technology Officer of computing solutions provider Nallatech explains that smart anten na arrays comprise several antennas working in conjunction with an intelligent system that processes the received and transmitted data This processing can be realised in hardware or software and allows arrays to focus beams in specific directions Sectorised This is a significant improvement over con ventional antennas which as we noted earlier have a fixed radiation pattern Most of the power transmitted by a conventional antenna is not received by the user and can cause inter ference to other users and base stations Smart antenna arrays provide a much more effective solution than the traditional three 120 degree sectorised beam antennas by focusing the transmitted power towards the
139. h resolution photos can be used to enhance projects and presentations or to help with training and educational material They are royalty free for use in commercial or personal printed projects and can also be used royalty free in books catalogues magazine articles as well as worldwide web pages subject to restrictions see licence for full details Also contains a FREE 30 day evaluation of Paint Shop Pro 6 Paint Shop Pro image editing tips and on line help included Price 19 95 inc VAT Minimum system requirements for these CD ROMs Pentium PC CD ROM drive 32MB RAM 10MB hard disk space Windows 95 98 NT 2000 ME XP mouse sound card web browser Please send me Electronic Projects Electronic Circuits amp Components V2 0 CD ROM ORDER FORM I I l Analogue Electronics Version required Digital Electronics V2 0 Hobbyist Student 1 Filters _ Institutional L Electronics CAD Pack _ Institutional Professional 10 user 1 Robotics amp Mechatronics L Site licence Assembly for PICmicro V2 1 C for PICmicro V2 Flowcode V2 for PICmicro 1 L Digital Works 3 0 I C PICmicro Development Board V2 hardware i Development Board UK plugtop power supply LC Development Board 25 way connecting lead I J Teach In 2000 FREE BOOK LJ Electronic Components Photos Electronics In Control Single User L Electronics In Control Multip
140. hardware uses PORTB Next is the ability to choose whether to use delay functions or wait for busy flags to be cleared between commands TK3 has to use delay functions because it cannot read from the l c d via its hardware Finally there is a facility to ground the R W pin where read is not required The TK3 l c d header has the R W connection tied to ground which is why reads are not possible Interestingly the Magenta board differs slightly here It uses a pull down resistor which is easy to remove and adapt if you wanted read ability e 661 MV SAD JOUR I R r I Lerman Jesc NE jot BETIS many such related files into one library I2CSlave Interrup 20 Assembly 2CStave for PICTS PIC16 tami XLED that conveys greater meaning rer oe 1 Assembly gt AR Te fae T For example you might choose to imple SPiMaster Poled 1 0 Assembly SPiMaster for PIC16 PIC18 famiy ment the I c d code in a couple of separate fem 18 Assembly ATC ler PICIS tony ANSER files say lcd init asm and et M Basten fr EIR led generic asm and from there create an SRALLOC 100 C Simple SRAM Dynamic Memory Alloc LIN Master inter 1 0 C EUSART based for 1800 family overall library called led lib Anytime you USART fIntenupt 10 C USART for PIC18 famiy want to use an l c d routine you would CA Pied 11 E ECAN EE aa simply link your library and let the soft CAN diver inter 1 1 C CAN For PIC18F108 ware figure which bits i
141. has a folder that contains two versions of the MPLAB program plus the instruction manuals in PDF format There are also ten PDF data sheets for PIC processors but most of these cover a family of PIC chips rather than a single device so a fair range of devices are covered All the con tents of this folder are available as free downloads from the Internet but it is clear ly much more convenient to have it all included on the CD ROM The Acrobat Reader program makes it easy to print out individual pages or complete data sheets via any Windows compati ble printer The Hardware The hardware kit makes up into a device the designer calls the Wavy Wand which is the project featured in Chapter 9 of the book Projects of this type have been featured in the pages of EPE and the idea is that the wand spells out a word or short message via a line of Le d s when it is waved through the air It is switched on auto matically by a tilt switch when it is moved through the air The PIC has to flash each of the seven Le d s in the appropriate sequence in order to pro duce the correct series of letters The kit is supplied with a pre programmed PIC16F627A chip so it is not necessary to have a PIC programmer in order to successfully complete the project Of course a programmer is required in order to reprogram the chip and produce your own The finished Wavy Wand project Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 499 EPE IS PLEASED TO BE A
142. he gain This may be necessary where there is noise in an environment e g a motor running in the background There is also the possibility of increasing gain by adding a feedback resistor R11 to gate IC1c and having a value of 4M7Q Clocking On The next part of the circuit comprising D3 C8 and R4 is intended to convert an amplified clap to a clock pulse suitable for triggering decade counter IC2 Although a clap might sound like a single event to the human ear to a fast electronic circuit it is a multiple event switching the circuit many times see the oscilloscope trace in Fig 2a Capacitor C8 thus combines the multiple waveform into a single pulse as in Fig 2b The diodes at the outputs of IC2 ensure that each one of these outputs when high charges capacitor C9 through resis tor R7 without permitting it to discharge When charged C9 takes C2 Reset pin 15 high thus resetting the circuit and taking output QO high This switches transistor TRI via buffer resistor R6 thus rapidly dis charging C9 so that the Multi Clap Switch is almost instantly reset for another sequence of claps Bistable flip flop IC3a performs a divide by two operation Its input pin 3 may be connected to any of IC2 s QI to Q9 outputs so that it is triggered after a predetermined number of claps Via buffer resistor R10 IC3a s Q1 output controls transistor TR2 which in turn controls the relay RLA Transistor TR2 is show
143. hnical terms The author goes under the hood and shows step by step how to create a socket 7 Pentium and non intel chipsets and a Slot 1 Pentium II computer covering What first time builders need to know How to select and purchase parts How to assemble the PC How to install Windows 98 The few existing books on this subject although badly outdated are in steady demand This one delivers the expertise and new technology that fledgling computer builders are eagerly looking for 224 pages large format Rol E CA e A 20 99 PIC YOUR PERSONAL INTRODUCTORY COURSE SECOND EDITION John Morton Discover the potential of the PIC micro controller through graded projects this book could revolutionise your electronics construction work A uniquely concise and practical guide to getting up and running with the PIC Microcontroller The PIC is one of the most popular of the microcontrollers that are transforming electronic project work and product design Assuming no prior knowledge of microcontrollers and introducing the PIC s capabilities through simple projects this book is ideal for use in schools and col leges It is the ideal introduction for students teachers technicians and electronics enthusiasts The step by step explanations make it ideal for self study too this is not a reference book you start work with the PIC straight away The revised second edition covers the popular repro grammable EEPROM PICs P16
144. hnique using fresh materials for reliable soldering The chip maker FTDI who produce the FT232B USB converter chips have an online shop at www ftdichip com where you can buy using a credit card Click on web shop We also spotted some dual in line style DIP modules that interface with the surface mount chip We heartily com mend any manufacturer that makes inter esting components available to enthusiasts in this way A R W S11 FREE Electronics Hobbyist Compendium book with Teach In 2000 CD ROM EPE TEACH IN 2000 CD ROM The whole of the 12 part Teach n 2000 series by John Becker published in EPE Nov 99 to Oct 2000 is now available on CD ROM Plus the Teach In 2000 interactive software Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series and Alan Winstanley s Basic Soldering Guide including illustrations and Desoldering Teach In 2000 covers all the basic principles of elec tronics from Ohm s Law to Displays including Op Amps Logic Gates etc Each part has its own section on the inter active software where you can also change component values in the various on screen demonstration circuits The series gives a hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try out plus a sim ple computer interface Win 95 98 ME only which allows a PC to be used as a basic oscilloscope ONLY 12 45 including VAT and p amp p Robotics INTRODUCING ROBOTICS WITH LEGO MINDSTORMS Robert
145. ial Matching Long wire aerials connected to Earth via the receiver s input circuitry become reso nant when they are a quarter of a wavelength Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Tapped Coil An inductor which can be tuned down to a low frequency and which assists in the matching of aerial to receiver is illustrated in Fig 6 and its circuit schematic diagram is shown in Fig 5 Thirteen sections coils are connected in series and there are additional tapping points at the earthy end for the injection of Q multiplying positive feedback should this be required The aerial and receiver are connected to the coil tappings by miniature crocodile clips and unless the aerial is com paratively long feeding the aerial to a higher tapping point than transistor TR1 s gate will usually improve signal transfer and selectivity see Fig 5 Combining the coil with a simple buffer amplifier results in the signal input to the receiver being increased by some 20dB Inductance values at the various coil tap ping points are given in Table 1 Using half of the coil 36mH and the capacitor described earlier tuning can be extended 0 001uF 1000pF FORMULAE RELATING RESONANT FREQUENCY TO THE INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITANCE IN A TUNED CIRCUIT When inductance L is measured in millihenries mH Capacitance C is measured in microfarads uF and fre quency f is measured in kilohertz kHz the following formulae
146. ial elect 25V C3 47u radial elect 25V Semiconductors D1 2mA low current l e d red TR1 2N3819 n channel field effect transistor Miscellaneous S1 single pole double throw toggle switch S2 single pole single throw toggle switch B1 9V PP3 type bat tery with clips Printed circuit board available from Jthe EPE PCB Service code 511 f small plastic case size 102mm 4in x 76mm 3in x 40mm 1 57in l e d holder plastic knob battery holder multistrand connecting wire p c b stand off 4 off card and thin Perspex sheet for front panel nuts bolts and washers solder pins solder etc NB When used with the Aerial Loop this unit is mounted on the frame pivot and wired directly to the loop tag strip Approx Cost Guidance Only 10 excl case amp batts 487 Components Almost any m channel junction field effect transistor should be suitable for these circuits But check base connections as some are bound to vary Similarly almost any small signal npn bipolar transistor should function as the oscillator TR2 in the Converter unit However reliable oscilla tion and a decent input to the mixer will be ensured by the use a device with good h and fy figures especially if the 1 f frequen cy is increased to 10MHz Close tolerance polystyrene capacitors are the preferred components for the switched tuning system High value exam ples are however expensive and bulky With this in mi
147. icrocontroller such as a PIC and we offered a CF experimental p c b that would enable experienced users to hook up a CF card to a prototype circuit This month we will start looking at what the microcontroller has to do in order to actually use the memory card This basi cally comes down to issuing a suitable command to the card by writing a com mand code to it Where appropriate this is followed by reading or writing the card s data buffer A good way to get started with experi menting with a microcontroller such as a PIC and a CompactFlash card is to set up a serial link to a PC to control the circuit 9 PIN SERIAL INTERFACE CONNECTOR V T1out Riin __ _ T2in Rx Tx MAX232 ND V GND Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 A suggested circuit for doing this is given in Fig l an extended version of last month s circuit Serial connection to the PC is provided by using a MAX232 chip to provide RS232 level conversion con nected to the PIC s UART pins You could also use a USB link as described in previ ous Circuit Surgery articles Note that in Fig 1 we have labelled the PIC ports X Y and Z In our case PORTX is used for control signals PORTY is the data bus and PORTZ is for addressing The actual ports usually labelled A B C etc or parts of ports used will depend on the PIC device used and what other I O facili ties are required from the device We have successfully used a PIC18F452 with P
148. ing issue the Identify Device command read the data and send it over the serial link Up to 256 words 512 bytes the usual buffer size can be read but they do not all contain useful data The first few useful words are listed in Table 2 For full details refer to the CompactFlash specification document Just sending the first couple of bytes should give you 84 8A hex the signature for CompactFlash cards Code Example The code in Listing 2 provides a sketch of what you might write but is not a com plete program This issues the Identify Data register Error register Features register Sector count register Sector number register Low cylinder register High cylinder register Head drive register Status register Command register change X Y Z to actual ports used CF Card Detect input CF Reset output CF Output Enable output CF Write Enable output CF Ready input CF Enable output Table 2 Some of the data provided by the Identify Device command Information General configuration signature for the CompactFlash Storage Card Default number of cylinders Default number of heads Default number of sectors per track Number of sectors per card Word 7 MSW Word 8 LSW Serial number in ASCII right justified Number of ECC bytes passed on Read Write Long Commands Firmware revision in ASCII Big Endian Byte Order in Word Word Default Total Ad
149. instead of amplifying a signal presented to the input as is usually done he chose to place a piezo disc in the feedback path of a gate see later Ultimately the amplified signal pro duces a square wave output capable of clocking a CMOS decade counter i c The decade counter sequences through nine separate stages of which any one may be selected to clock a D type flip flop wired as a binary divider divide by two This causes a relay to switch either on or off after each sequence of claps The circuit was at first far more com plicated than the one shown here This is because the author wired each of the decade counter s outputs so that it would separately time out That is if a single clap in the sequence was delayed too long the clap switch would reset It soon occurred to him however that this could be done far more simply If just one clap was delayed this would of course delay the entire sequence and the entire sequence would time out Therefore instead of having nine time out circuits for a sequence of nine claps only one is necessary and tens of components are saved On the other hand the minimum pause between claps is arranged just as simply Each clap instantly charges a small capaci tor at the decade counter s clock input However this capacitor takes a little longer to discharge thus momentarily disabling the clock input by holding it high A clap that follows too closely on a previous clap E
150. is elec tronic dice is impartial to the supposed skill or luck of a player Basic Operation The basic requirement is for a circuit which will produce a random count of between one and six and provide a display of some sort The simplest way to produce a random count is to use a high frequency oscillator and count the pulses in a counter circuit By allowing the count to proceed only during the time when a switch is pressed the final number will depend on the starting number and the length of time for which the button is pressed Even small differences in the time for which the button is pressed will result in very different counts so that the player will not be able to influence the final display in any way To make this even more certain and also to save on battery power the dis play in this design is blanked out during the counting process A conventional dice has six states so that a divide by six counter is required with six distinct output states These then have to be decoded to display the familiar dot pattern on 506 Fig 4 3 Display decoding sequence using seven l e d s Fig 4 4 Block diagram for the Dice seven l e d s as shown in Fig 4 3 The l e d s are wired in four groups labelled A B C and D and these must be activated in the combinations shown to display the six possi ble states Thus to display the pattern for five for example the four corner l e d s plus the centre one are required and this
151. ish Army and clandestine equip ment from pre war through to the 1960s For details see the shop on our UK web site at www epemag co uk or contact us for a list of Radio Bygones books 142 pages 240 pages 514 Project Building amp Testing ELECTRONIC PROJECTS FOR EXPERIMENTERS R A Penfold Many electronic hobbyists who have been pursuing their hobby for a number of years seem to suffer from the dreaded seen it all before syndrome This book is fairly and squarely aimed at sufferers of this complaint plus any other electronics enthusiasts who yearn to try some thing a bit different No doubt many of the projects fea tured here have practical applications but they are all worth a try for their interest value alone The subjects covered include Magnetic field detector Basic Hall effect compass Hall effect audio isolator Voice scrambler descrambler Bat detector Bat style echo loca tion Noise cancelling LED stroboscope Infra red torch Electronic breeze detector Class D power amplifier Strain gauge amplifier Super hearing aid Order code BP371 5 45 FAULT FINDING ELECTRONIC PROJECTS R A Penfold Starting with mechanical faults such as dry joints short circuits etc coverage includes linear circuits using a meter to make voltage checks signal tracing techniques and fault finding on logic circuits The final chapter covers ways of testing a wide range of electronic components such as resistors
152. istors 2 x LF351 Op Amps 20 x 1N4003 diodes 5 x BC107 transistors 5 x BC108 transistors 8 Meters 18SWG solder 4 x Standard slide switches 10 x 220 25V radial elect caps 20 x 22 25V radial elect caps 20 x 1 63V radial elect caps 10 x 1A 20mm quick blow fuses 10 x 2A 20mm quick blow fuses 5 x Phono plugs asstd colours 20 x 4 7 63V radial elect caps 20 x BC547 transistors 15 x BC239 transistors 4 x 5 metres solid core wire 3 x CMOS 4066 3 x 10mm Yellow LEDs 6 x 20 pin DIL sockets 5 x 24 pin DIL sockets 5 x 2 5mm mono jack plugs 5 x 2 5mm mono jack sockets 2005 Catalogue now available 1 ON A UK ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK 6 months 16 50 12 months 31 two years 57 Overseas 6 months 19 50 standard air service or 28 50 express airmail 12 months 37 standard air service or 55 express airmail 24 months 69 standard air service or 105 express airmail Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics and sent to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at http www epemag wimborne co uk Subscriptions start with the next available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club Switch or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page ONLINE SUBSCRIPTIONS Online subscrip
153. itchen Timer and a Room Thermometer Obtaining EPE An initiative in the UK is designed to help you obtain your favourite magazines from newsagents Called Just Ask its aim is to raise awareness that newsagents can stock order and often home deliver magazines To raise awareness we will be including the Just Ask logo in the pages of this and future issues and have included a newsagent order form to help you to obtain copies So keep a look out for the logo and next time you visit your newsagent remember to Just Ask about obtaining copies of your chosen magazines NEWSAGENTS ORDER FORM Please reserve deliver a copy of Everyday Practical Electronics for me each month Name and Address Everyday Practical Electronics is published on the second Thursday of each month and distributed S O R by COMAG Make sure of your copy of EPE each month cut out or photostat this form fill it in and hand it to your newsagent 508 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Regular Clinic Circuit Surgery Alan Winstanley and lan Bell We continue with our primer on CompactFlash CF cards with more pointers and Snippets of code intended for experienced microcontroller enthusiasts Going HyperTerminal Last month we looked at the electrical interface to the CompactFlash card with a detailed description of the key pins used in the PC Memory Mode of opera tion We also suggested a circuit for connecting a CompactFlash card to a m
154. ithin chapters do not get a mention here This can make it time consuming to look up spe cific topics although the logical layout of the book should help CD ROM The CD ROM is a CD R disc that my PCs had no problems in reading The CD ROM will auto run under Windows XP but it is oth erwise a matter of running the index page ina browser or Windows Explorer Either way the initial page is obtained This explains what is on the disc and how the contents can be accessed I was expecting the CD ROM to have some interactive content which seems to be the norm these days However it contains no interactive material and its sole purpose is to provide support files for the book The contents include the entire book in the form of a PDF file for each chapter PDF files can be read using the free Adobe Acrobat Reader program Most PC users probably have this program already but for the benefit of those that do not it is included on the disc All the programs covered in the book are included on the disc as assembler ASM files that can be loaded into MPLAB as in the example of Fig l This clearly makes life much easier for those wishing to blow the programs into a PIC processor build and sim ulate them in MPSIM or simply experiment with and modify the programs Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Discovering PICs Ch 09 wavy 2 asm message The printed circuit board is tough and nicely made There is no component overlay but
155. itness for a particular purpose Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers EPE Online its publishers and agents disclaim any responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of reader constructed projects based on or from information published in these materials and works In no event shall TechBites Interactive Inc or Wimborne Publishing Ltd be responsible or liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages including but not limited to special incidental consequential or any other damages in connection with or arising out of furnishing performance or use of these materials and works ISSN 0262 3617 PROJECTS THEORY NEWS COMMENTS POPULAR FEATURES www epemag co uk EPE Online www epemag com VOL 34 No 7 JULY 2005 Cover illustration Mike AglioloScience Photo Library Projects and Circuits CYBERVOX by John Becker 460 How to linguistically challenge those evil Daleks in their own dialect INGENUITY UNLIMITED Sharing your ideas with others 470 One Way Broken Beam Alarm TV Standby Monitor LF AND VLF CONVERTER by Raymond Haigh 478 Circuits for exploring the lower reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum MULTI CLAP SWITCH by Thomas Scarborough 492 A far more controllable and responsive unit than conventional designs BACK TO BASICS 4 Doorchime and Electronic Dice by Bart Trepak 504 Simple easy to build circuits based on one
156. itter Card Security Code Switch Maestro Issue No Multipurpose Board i Gr Simple Cycler The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip Luxeon V Controller Signature Power Supply Light Detector JAN 05 NOTE You can also order p c b s by phone Fax Email or via our Camera Watch Internet site on a secure server Sate Am Sr http Www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Delay Timer Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 517 Rechargeable Batteries With Solder Tags ADVERTISERS INDEX AUDON ELECTRONICS N R BARDWELL BITZ TECHNOLOGY BULL GROUP CRICKLEWOOD ELECTRONICS DISPLAY ELECTRONICS EASYSYNC ESR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FAST COMPONENTS FOREST ELECTRONIC DEVELOPMENTS JAYCAR ELECTRONICS JPG ELECTRONICS LABCENTER MAGENTA ELECTRONICS NURVE NETWORKS LLC mr pr PEAK ELECTRONIC DESIGN PICO TECHNOLOGY QUASAR ELECTRONICS RD RESEARCH SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS SQUIRES STEWART OF READING SUMA DESIGNS ADVERTISEMENT OFFICES 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND PHONE 01202 873872 FAX 01202 874562 EMAIL epeads wimborne co uk For Editorial address and phone numbers see page 459 NIMH NICAD AA 2000mAh 2 82 AA 650mAh 4 70 C 2 5Ah 7 60 D 4Ah PP3 150mAh Instrument case with edge connector and screw terminals Size 112mm x 52mm x 105mm tall This box consists of a cream base with a PCB slot a cover plate to pro tect your circuit a black lid with a 12 way
157. k ceramic 480 Constructors may find it easier to wind the coil on the end of a longer spindle off cut and then remove the unwanted material after completing the coil construction Alternative I F s Some receivers may not tune to 4MHz and the intermediate frequency will need to 2039p 1000p plus 1000p polyester plus 39p low k ceramic 2300p 2200p polyester plus 100p low k ceramic C11 2530p 2200p polyester plus 330p low k ceramic 100n polyester 82p low k ceramic C12 C13 C14 C15 C17 C20 C16 C18 100n ceramic 4 off 220p low k ceramic 2 off 22p low k ceramic 20p to 280p 4 gang a m f m polyvaricon tuning capacitor 2p to 22p min film dielectric trimmer 2 off C19 VC1 VC2 VC3 Semiconductors D1 D2 1N4148 signal diode 2 off D3 2mA low current l e d red TR1 2N3819 n channel field effect transistor TR2 BC549C npn transistor Miscellaneous L1 L2 2 metres 6ft 36s w g 32a w g enamelled Internal view of the LF VLF Converter The variable tuning p c b is mounted on the rear of the front panel be changed Alternative values for fixed capacitor C13 are also given in Fig 4 to enable coil L1 to be tuned to other crystal frequencies within the range of 4MHz to 1OMHz The precise value of the crystal is not important but the use of a round figure unit makes it easier to relate dial setting to reception frequency copper wire Masking tape
158. l Product Listing Descriptions amp Photos amp Kit Documentation amp Software Downloads ELECTRONICS BACK ISSUES We can supply back issues of EPE by post most issues from the past three years are available An EPE index for the last five years is also available at www epemag wimborne co uk or see order form below Alternatively indexes are published in the December issue for that year Where we are unable to provide a back issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be purchased for the same price Issues from Nov 98 are available on CD ROM see next page and issues from the last six months are also available to download from www epemag com Please make sure all components are still available before commencing any project from a back dated issue MAR 04 PROJECTS e Bat Band Convertor amp Emergency Stand by Light amp MIDI Health Check PIC Mixer for RC Planes FEATURES e Teach In 2004 Part 5 New Scientist CD Rom Review Circuit Surgery Techno Talk amp Ingenuity Unlimited amp Practically Speaking Net Work The Internet Page APRIL 04 PROJECTS e EPE Experimental Seismograph Logger 1 Infra Guard Monitor amp Loft Light Alarm e PIC Moon Clock FEATURES e amp USB To PIC Interface amp Ingenuity Unlimited amp Teach In 2004 Part 6 Interface Techno Talk Circuit Surgery amp New Technology Update amp Net Work The Internet Page amp Pull Out S
159. l systems in a matter of minutes Flowcode is a powerful language that uses macros to facilitate the control of complex devices like 7 segment displays motor controllers and l c d displays The use of macros allows you to control these electronic devices without getting bogged down in understanding the programming involved Flowcode produces MPASM code which is compatible with virtually all PICmicro programmers When used in conjunction with the Version 2 development board this provides a seamless solution that allows you to program chips in minutes _ Requires no programming experience Allows complex PICmicro applications to be designed ey O Uses international standard flow chart symbols IS05807 Full on screen simulation allows debugging and speeds up the development process O Facilitates learning via a full suite of demonstration tutorials Produces ASM code for a range of 18 28 and 40 pin devices Professional versions include virtual systems burglar alarm buggy and maze plus RS232 IrDa etc Burglar Alarm Simulation PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form on next page Hobbyist Student Flowcode V2 Hobbyist Student Institutional Schools HE FE Industry Flowcode Professional Institutional Professional 10 user Network Licence Site Licence 45 inc VAT 57 inc VAT 99 plus VAT 99 plus VAT 300 plus VAT 599 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17
160. ld to detective agencies es git fl worldwide Small enough to hide just about anywhere ay Operates at the less busy top end of the commercial FM waveband and also up into the more private Air band Range 500m Supply PP3 battery Kit Order Code 3051KT 8 95 Assembled Order Code AS3051 14 95 HPTX High Power FM Room did Our most power en TA ful room bug Very Impressive performance Clear and stable Soul signal thanks to the extra circuitry employed Range 1000m 9V Supply 6 12V DC 9V PP3 battery clip suppied 70 x 15mm Kit Order Code 3032KT 9 95 Assembled Order Code AS3032 17 95 MTTX Me Telephone Transmitter a Attach anywhere k along phone line sm Tune a radio into the signal and hear exactly what both parties are saying Transmits only when phone is used Clear stable signal Powered from phone line so completely maintenance free once installed Requires no aerial wire uses phone line as antenna Suitable for any phone system worldwide Range 300m 20 x 45mm Kit Order Code 3016KT 7 95 Assembled Order Code AS3016 13 95 3 Watt FM Transmitter Small powerful FM transmitter Audio preamp stage and three RF stages deliver 3 watts of RF power Can be used with the electret microphone supplied or any line level audio source e g CD or tape OUT mixer sound card etc Aerial can be an open dipole or Ground Plane Ideal project
161. le User Note The software on each version is i Modular Circuit Design Single User the same only the licence for use varies Modular Circuit Design Multiple User GRE SF ee ee ee ne ee ee PIUS Farrar ae ed Tb BENENE Post code 0 Tel No 42 aneeae Honea ase s Signature EE on 6 eee eee bee bee ER beaded ER C enclose cheque PO in sterling payable to WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LTD for Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Valid From 6 6 wok oa aad oe cae ee 4 Card expiry date lt ian dtok KR ROHS KER GS ya ee ee ow Os Card NO gam ee BE oho oe Abo ne Be ee Ot be SAGE R ee Soke Switch Issue No Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip a EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE ORDERING ALL PRICES INCLUDE UK POSTAGE Student Single User Standard Version price includes postage to most countries in the world EU residents outside the UK add 5 for airmail postage per order 502 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Surfing The Internet Net Work Alan Winstanley Let s Get Chatting Again Re users of our web site www epemag co uk will have noticed the re introduction of the EPE Chat Zone message board Our online forum has been completely rebuilt following an outage of the previous web board which although it had served readers well in the past had become a real dinosaur in terms of usability maintenance security
162. lectronics COPY DEFEATING PATENTS As long as rip offs continue so too will attempts to defeat them Barry Fox reports i does not matter how much clever digi tal encryption Hollywood uses to stop people copying movies from DVDs or TV cable or satellite receivers says British technology company Dwight Cavendish People can still defeat it by the simple expedient of taking the analogue signal intended for the TV screen and feeding it to the capture circuitry in a modern PC The PC obligingly converts the analogue signal into a digital signal without any protection So it can be copied or sent over the Internet US company Macrovision has patented some solutions but provocatively DC says that they are not effective WO 2004 110060 Dwight Cavendish s new system relies on circuitry in next genera tion receivers and players which intermit tently increases the strength of the pulses which are routinely used in all TV signals to keep pictures steady on a screen Unexpectedly says DC this upsets the capture card and makes the captured pictures suffer irritating changes in brightness So they are not worth copying or putting on the Internet But a TV screen ignores the spurious variations because it is already designed to cope with the poor quality signals that many viewers get from their aerials Another solution says Philips s Research Lab in Briarcliff Manor NY WO 2004 102951 is for PC make
163. lid From sirsssett rekene Expiry Date Switch Issue No SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue NOTE The PDF files on this CD ROM are suitable to use on any PC with a CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader included on the CD ROM BECOME A PIC WIZARD WITH THE HELP OF EPE 516 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 PROJECT TITLE Order Code x Sneaky Transmitter FEB 05 Receiver A PIC Electric Mk2 Control Sensor Printed circuit boards for most recent EPE constructional projects are available from Sound Card Mixer the PCB Service see list These are fabricated in glass fibre and are fully drilled and roller tinned All prices include VAT and postage and packing Add 1 per board for Headphone Monitor airmail outside of Europe Remittances should be sent to The PCB Service EPE Cat Flap Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road Bingo Box Main East a rr Dorset BH22 9ND Tel T ed Fax 01202 874562 Big Digit Displa Email
164. ll over again next time LISTING 1 list p PIC 16877 f INHX32 r hex include lt p16f877 inc gt include lt xIcd inc gt __ CONFIG h 3F31 origin code 0x0 goto start begin code start banksel TRISB clrf TRISB banksel PORTB clrf PORTB pagesel XLCDInit call XLCDInit mXLCDSendMsg hello goto main dt Hello World 0 end Cybervox For those readers unable to program their own PIC18F252 PIC microcon troller for the Cybervox project a fully programmed chip can be purchased from Magenta Electronics 02083 565435 or www magenta2000 co Uk for the inclusive price of 10 each overseas add 1 for p amp p The software including source code files is available on a 3 5in PC compatible disk Disk 8 from the EPE Editorial Office for a sum of 3 each UK to cover admin costs for overseas charges see page 517 The software is also available for free download via the Downloads link on our website at www epemag co uk The 8 bit digital to analogue converter type TLC7524 was originally pur chased from RS Components and can be ordered directly credit card only from them at 01536 444079 or rswww com code 650 087 It can also be ordered locally through any bona fide RS stockist The 8 pin L272 dual power amp i c is currently listed by Squires 01243 842424 or www squirestools com their order code 750 140 The rest of the semiconductor devices should be readily available The author purchased his com
165. locks TB1 and TB2 needs to be suitably rated for the mains current expected Continue assem bly in ascending order of component size Take care that electrolytic capacitors and COMPONENTS Resistors See R4 1M TALK R6 10k R7 220k see text R8 R9 2k2 2 off R10 22k R11 4M7 see text All 0 25W 5 carbon film or better Capacitors C1 10n ceramic disc 5mm pitch C2 to C5 100n ceramic disc C7 C10 5mm pitch 6 off C6 220u radial elect 16V C8 220n ceramic disc 5mm pitch see text C9 10u radial elect 16V Semiconductors Di D15 1N4001 rect diode 2 off D2 red l e d D3 to D12 1N4148 signal diode 10 off D13 amber l e d D14 green l e d TR1 BC109C npn transistor TR2 IRF510 or similar n channel power MOSFET IC1 4069UB not 4069B hex inverter see text IC2 4017 decade counter IC3 4013B dual D type flip flop Miscellaneous RLA 12V relay contact ratings to suit See text X1 piezo sounder see text SK1 d c power socket panel mounting to suit power source 3 way terminal block 5mm pitch 2 off Printed circuit board available TB1 TB2 Jfrom the EPE PCB Service code f 515 case to suit application see text 16 pin d i I socket 14 pin d i l socket 2 off 1mm terminal pins connecting wire solder etc 14 excl case amp power supply Approx Cost Guidance Only Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 the semiconductors are positioned the cor rect way
166. ly goes low and the count resumes again Consequently only outputs QO to Q5 are available for controlling the l e d s thus providing the required six out put states COMPONENTS ELECTRONIC DICE See Resistors SHOR R1 R2 10k 2 off TALK R3 220k page R4 330Q R5 to R7 2202 3 off All 0 25W 5 carbon film Capacitors 1n ceramic disc 10u axial elect 16V Semiconductors D1 to D7 red l e d 7 off see text D8 to D18 1N4148 diode 11 off IC1 4093 quad Schmitt NAND gate IC2 4017 decade counter Miscellaneous S1 push to make switch see text Printed circuit board available from the EPE PCB Service code 513 14 pin d i l socket 16 pin d i l socket plastic case of choice PP3 battery and clip connecting wire solder etc Approx Cost Guidance Only 10 excl case amp batts Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 On Display These outputs are decoded by diodes D8 to D18 to light the l e d s D1 to D7 These are physically arranged on the printed circuit board in the familiar dot pattern Thus when QO is high for example diodes D8 D9 and D10 ensure that 1 e d groups A B and C are selected while if output Q5 is high the S e Completed Electronic Dice p c b groups B C and D will be selected instead The monostable and display switch blocks are formed by IC1b IC1c and IC1d in con junction with capacitor C2 and resistor R3 When switch S1 is pressed not o
167. m capacity 8400rpm 12 78 Minicraft MX1 230V 8000 21000rpm with chuck amp collet Model EPE270 390 Normal price 48 51 1 SPECIAL OFFER PRICE 31 02 Any of these items carriage 5 50 Servisol Products Switch Cleaner Freezer Foam Cleanser Cleaner lubricant Vide Head Cleaner Aero Klene Aero Duster Cold Clean Label remover Isopropyl alcohol Heatsink Compound Silicone grease 2 50 NEW CATALOGUE OUT NOW available from www esr co uk Educational Kits These kits are an ideal way to start you interset in elec tronics They freature re useable components which are attached via springs amp wires and easy step by step Elle to make a range of exciting projects The 300 in 1 eaturs a breadboard for more complex circuits 13 18 16 80 32 29 55 20 Panel Meters High quality analogue panel meters class 2 zero point correction mirror scale and prewired for panel illumina tion Meer size 46 x 60mm Citoul size 38mm nt Q 6k5 All meters 5 89 each 6V Lamps 1 23 pair CCTV Colour Module A miniature colour CMOS camera mod ule with a 3 6mm F1 2 Lens video output amp power via connectors provided Specs 660 842 Power 12Vdc 150mA Video System PAL Pixels 628 x 582 Min Illumination 3Lux Video Output 1 Vpp 75 O Dims 28 x 28x 28mm 209 36 33 SERS PG VEE P E E E E PCB Production Laminates Copper clad paper Single si
168. mag wimborne co uk Web Site www epemag co uk EPE Online downloadable version of EPE www epemag com EPE Online Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm See notes on Readers Technical Enquiries below we regret Tiel i MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY amp COMPUTER PROJECTS phone lengthy technical enquiries cannot be answered over the tele Advertisement Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS ADVERTISEMENTS VOL 34 No 7 JULY 2005 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email stewart kearn wimborne co uk Testing Testing It is possible to successfully build electronic projects without the use of any test equipment but more often than not the ability to make some basic measurements is required even if it is simply to check supply voltages etc Of course if your project fails to work first time it is often difficult to sort out what is wrong without some way of at least measuring voltage current and perhaps resistance etc Most of our components advertisers can supply a range of multimeters that start at just a few pounds and go up in price depending on specification and quality One of the basic ones will get you started and I always keep a 6 digital meter in my toolbox that gets used for everything from testing fuses and mains connections when d 1 y ing to setting up projects These basic digital meters have a wide range of functions are fairly rugged
169. magnification is only about 2X but this should be sufficient Some have a small but more powerful lens inset into the main lens This is potentially useful but it is worth buying an 8X or 10X loupe to use when search ing for short circuits on circuit boards trying to read minute lettering on semi conductors etc There are more elabo rate magnifiers available including units with built in lamps Having some extra light on the work piece is very helpful but combined lamps and magnifiers are relatively expensive There is a popular Helping Hands gadget which combines a magnifier with an arm and crocodile clips to hold the work piece in place It is a very useful device that costs very little It no doubt has plenty of uses in the electronics workshop but it is a bit too small to accommodate the majority of circuit boards Using a magnifier gives you a better view of things and makes it easier to pro duce good soldered joints but it can take a while to get used to working with an enlarged but narrower view of things It is a good idea to try some dry runs with a cold iron before attempting any joints Bear in mind that magnifiers often have plastic lenses that will come to grief if they get in contact with the soldering iron Tweezers Another problem with the small physical size of many modern components but particularly resistors and capacitors is that it can be difficult to pick them up It can be even more
170. massive collec tion of tools and gadgets some of which may never be needed Only buy the more obscure and expensive tools if and when you need them 4 1 7 j i 491 Constructional Project Multi Clap Switch Thomas Scarborough A far more controllable and responsive unit than conventional designs VER the years the simple clap switch has become something of a staple of electronics magazines and tutorials and today a good number of kits are available through various suppliers However the stock standard clap switch has a number of distinct shortcomings The author s son has one in his room Throw a ball against the wall or sneeze and the light goes out Similarly a bump in the night can turn the light on Any number of sharp sounds can switch the clap switch either on or off This is disadvantage num ber one You need only one sharp sound to trigger the switch A second shortcoming is that unless a clap switch is adjusted to respond only to hard sharp claps it is likely to be triggered by a variety of unwanted sounds This also means that lighter sounds such as click ing one s fingers or tapping a pencil on a desk are less likely to trigger a stock stan dard clap switch Instead far louder dis ruptive sounds are required 492 A third shortcoming is that the standard clap switch offers little security Anyone who can clap or even click their fingers or
171. means that groups B and C must be selected The block diagram of the circuit which achieves the required decode and display states is shown in Fig 4 4 When the switch is pressed the oscillator oscillates when it is released the oscillator stops and a mono stable is triggered This turns on the display Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 revealing the count reached Following a short period the display is turned off again to save battery power Circuit Diagram The complete circuit diagram for the Electronic Dice is shown in Fig 4 5 It is based on a 4017 decade counter IC2 con figured as a divide by six counter by con necting output Q6 to the Reset input The counter is controlled by the high speed oscillator formed around Schmitt trigger NAND gate ICla The oscillation frequency is set by capacitor C1 and resis tor R2 Normally with switch S1 unpressed resistor R1 holds one input of Cla low preventing oscillation When S1 is pressed the gate oscillates and its output pulses are fed to the counter s clock CLK input Each clock pulse triggers the counter s output high in turn turning off the preced ing output at the same time Only one out put can ever be high at the same time Normally this cycle would repeat for every ten pulses In this design however output Q6 is connected to the Reset input When the count reaches Q6 and it goes high the counter is automatically reset to zero Q6 immediate
172. meters VR1 to VR9 470k open skeleton preset 9 off Capacitors C1 4u7 radial elect 16V C2 100n polyester or ceramic C3 10n polyester or ceramic C4 100u radial elect 16V Semiconductors D1 to D10 1N4148 signal diode 10 off TR1 BC327 pnp transistor IC1 4093 quad Schmitt trigger NAND gate IC2 4017 decade counter Miscellaneous S1 push to make switch see text WD1 min 8 ohm loudspeaker Printed circuit board available from the EPE PCB Service code 512 14 pin d i I socket 16 pin d i l socket plastic case of choice PP3 battery and clip connecting wire solder etc s H 4 excl speaker case amp batts Approx Cost Guidance Only Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 virtually no current It will remain shut down until bellpush S1 is pressed again The resulting short pulse generated across C2 resets the counter causing output QO to go high and Q9 to go low With Q9 low ICla and IC1c will now oscillate and the operation continues as described above until Q9 again goes high and the circuit reverts to its stand by state Completed Doorchime with speaker attached Construction The printed circuit board and track lay out details for the Doorchime are shown in Fig 4 2 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 512 In common with all the circuits in this series low profile components such as resistors and diodes should be fitted and soldered in position first before fitting com
173. mpactFlash card but are part of the ATA specification and used with other types of device such as hard drives Table 1 also excludes security commands Table 1 Some CompactFlash Memory Card Commands Command Code hex Check Power Mode E5 or 98 Execute Drive Diagnostic 90 Erase Sector s CO Flush Cache E7 Identify Device EC Idle E3 or 97 Idle Immediate E1 or 95 Initialize Drive Parameters 91 NOP 00 Read Buffer E4 Read DMA C8 Read Multiple C4 Read Sector s 20 or 21 Read Verify Sector s AO or 41 Request Sense 03 Set Features EF Set Multiple Mode C6 Set Sleep Mode E6 or 99 Standby E2 or 96 Standby Immediate EO or 94 Translate Sector 87 Write Buffer E8 Write DMA CA Write Multiple C5 Write Multiple w o Erase CD Write Sector s 30 or 31 Write Sector s w o Erase 38 Write Verify 3C 510 When writing the PIC program it is a good idea to define equivalence values for the commands you use rather than putting the hex values straight into your code For example in PIC assembly IDENTIFY_CMD EQU OxEC WRITE SEC CMD EQU 0x30 READ_SEC_CMD EQU 0x20 SLEEP MODE CMD EQU OxE6 Also we should define names for the card register addresses these were listed in Table 2 last month Note that some addresses are used for two different regis ters depending on whether we are reading or writing Similarly we can define the PIC ports we are using for data address and control as in the first block of Listing I Note th
174. mum acceptable Buckets of Delay Although special delay chips for echo and reverb generation are still around they are far less commonly used in hobbyist projects now than they used to be Some older readers will no doubt recall with affection the bucket brigade devices BBDs such as the TDA1022 SAD1024 and their later derivatives which came to dominate the audio effects scene for a decade or two from the mid 1970s These devices contained a long series of interconnected capacitive charge cells In response to a clock signal of several tens of kilohertz the chips sampled an audio input voltage storing its immediate amplitude as a charge on the first capacitor At the next clock signal this charge was transferred to the second capacitor and the first one loaded with a new charge from the input The process continued indefinitely each capacitor transferring its charge to the 461 SK1 INPUT ELECTRET SEE TEXT next until the charge finally emerged from the final capacitor as the output sig nal Typically such delay chips provided around a thousand delay cells although chips having larger quantities became available the TDA4096 had 4096 stages As proved by this Cybervox design the PIC18F family with its extended memory can now replicate the bucket brigade tech nique and help reproduce some of the audio effects for which the TDA1022 etc became famous The principle difference though is that sampled d
175. n as an IRF510 power MOSFET although almost any similar MOSFET will suit Note that TR2 N C NORMALLY CLOSED P POLE N O NORMALLY OPEN k GREEN Fig 1 Complete circuit diagram for the Multi Clap Switch Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 493 Fig 2 Oscilloscope traces showing the multiple event a and combining the multiple waveform into a single pulse b will switch several amps of power directly on condition that diode D1 in the positive power line is suitably rated and that back e m f remains within acceptable limits Diode D15 s purpose is to inhibit such back e m f pulses The circuit draws nearly 20mA on stand by with the result that it ideally requires a mains to d c power supply This would likely be necessary anyway since a clap switch usually sees continual service Since this is a sensitive audio circuit a quality plug pack is required A sub standard plug pack may create ripple which the circuit interprets as sound thus causing it to reset as described earlier Transformation The circuit shown in Fig 1 switches the relay either on or off with three brisk claps but not too brisk and not too slow As shown it allows a good margin of freedom with the result that the switch is not difficult to use Three l e d s are provided on the p c b to give a visual readout as to what is happen ing inside the circuit Without these l e d s it would be an awkward exercise to estimat
176. n of equipment and or imprisonment can result from illegal use or ownership The laws vary from country to country readers should check local laws 459 Constructional Project Cybervox John Becker How to linguistically challenge those evil Daleks in their own dialect O THE DOCTOR S BACK Surely we don t hear the question of which doctor Of course not there s only one Doctor as far as his fans are concerned Dr Who After a long absence travelling up and down the time lines no doubt his adventures are again being told on BBC TV Reliable sources inform us that he will continue to be chal lenged up and down the timelines by the Daleks whose one aim in all of eternity is to ExTeRmInAtE everything in sight of their lethal sink plungers And what better way to commemorate the return of these Great Sagas than to pro vide you with the vocal armament to chal lenge the dastardly Daleks in their own language Suspend your disbelief over the years we and others have periodically equipped you with Dalek voice emulators and the like Though it s probably 20 years since the author and Everyday Practical Electronics teamed resources on behalf of humanity in these apocalyptic adventures Time Lining Whilst the technology sported by the Daleks has evolved so too has our ability to challenge it in its own language the noble family of PIC microcontrollers is now at our translational beck a
177. n your PC It s an easy read it s fully illustrated and it will help you understand how a computer can be used as a creative music tool It covers soundcards sequencers hard disk digital audio recording and editing plug ins printing scores with notation software using your PC as a synthesiser getting music onto and off the Internet using Windows sample PC music set ups FAQs a glossary advice on hardware and software and a list of industry contacts Order code PC117 11 95 HIGH POWER AUDIO AMPLIFIER CONSTRUCTION R A Penfold Practical construction details of how to build a number of audio power amplifiers ranging from about 50 to 300 400 watts r m s includes MOSFET and bipolar transistor designs 124 pages 116 pages 96 pages Temporarily out of print 513 Circuits Data and Design PRACTICAL ELECTRONIC FILTERS Owen Bishop This book deals with the subject in a non mathematical way It reviews the main types of filter explaining in sim ple terms how each type works and how it is used The book also presents a dozen filter based projects with applications in and around the home or in the constructors workshop These include a number of audio projects such as a rythm sequencer and a multi voiced electronic organ Concluding the book is a practical step by step guide to designing simple filters for a wide range of purposes with circuit diagrams and worked examples 88 pages Order code BP299 5 4
178. nd low k ceramic capacitors have been specified for values up to 470pF and polyester components for the InF and 2 2nF units Do not use high value ceramic capacitors Their Q factor and stability can be low and they are unsuitable for use in tuned circuits All four sections of an a m f m poly varicon tuning capacitor are connected together to produce the 20pF to 280pF capacitance swing required for the variable tuning element Most small polyvaricons will have maximum capacitance values of this order and some greater Assembly Almost all of the components for the LF and VLF Converter are mounted on small printed circuit boards Solder pins inserted at the lead out points will simplify off board wiring and they should be inserted into the board first When populating the Converter p c b mount the 1 f transformer L1 L2 next after inserting the solder pins It can be secured to the board by a drop of Superglue cyanoacrylate adhesive Follow this with the resistors then the capacitors smallest first The semiconduc tors and the crystal should be soldered onto the board last in order to avoid the repeated heating of these components It is good practice to use a miniature crocodile clip as a heat shunt when mounting the field effect transistor The optional l e d On indicators and their dropping resistors are wired between the On Off switch and or the appropriate pins on the boards Setting Up and Testi
179. nd call Here then is the Cybervox a linguistic cyborg challenger that is tunable to many Dalekesque dialects all selectable at the twist of a few knobs To this end the Cybervox has been equipped with the essential undulating 460 GAIN VR2 PRE AMP INPUT FILTER TRIANGLE S3 MODULATOR O DELAY S i PRE POST MOD CTL ENVELOPE SHAPER A TO D DELAY OUTPUT OUTPUT VRS Fig 1 Block diagram of the Cybervox vocal modulator and a variable cavernous multi spacial timeline echo delay such as befits a Time Lord s confrontation of the evil creatures inhabiting the asynchronas tic parafundibulum Down to Earth Part of the secret of this hi tech vibrant module keep it to yourselves is revealed by the block diagram given in Fig 1 and its controlling circuit diagram in Fig 2 At its heart is one of the newer PIC family a PIC18F252 device This has been chosen for its much larger memory bank than we are used to with many other PICs 1536 bytes The PIC16F877 for example has 368 bytes and the PIC16F84 a mere 68 This large memory bank and its ease of access without recourse to Bank and Block manipulation makes it ideal for use in any design that needs a large area of memory for frequent temporary data storage Such data storage is a vital requirement for the Cybervox which basically requires an ana logue audio signal to be sampled at speed converted to its binary
180. ne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Price includes postage to anywhere in the World We will happily exchange any faulty CD ROMs but since the content can be printed out we do not offer a refund on these items Your CD ROM s will be posted to you by first class Card No 2 c2 teense eurea s She ske a bases Switch Maestro Issue No m mail or airmail normally Valid From Expiry Date within four working days of L Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip receipt of your order Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 515 4 EPE PIC RESOURCES CD ROM V2 Version 2 includes the EPE PIC Tutorial V2 series of Supplements ONLY EPE April May June 2003 944 45 The CD ROM contains the following INCLUDING Tutorial related software and texts VAT and P amp P FRE ELECTRONICS EPE PIC Tutorial V2 complete series of articles plus Or der on line from demonstration software John Becker April May June 03 www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm PIC Toolkit Mk3 TK3 hardware construction details ee gr Led 3 John Becker Oct 01 y y PIC Toolkit TK3 for Windows software details John Becker Nov 01 EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 Plus these useful texts to help you get the most out of your CD ROM ORDER FORM PIC programming Please send me quantity EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 CD ROM How to Use Intelligen
181. nels Windows software utilities 3 1 to XP and programming examples Supply 12V DC Order Code PSU203 Kit Order Code 3093KT 69 95 Assembled Order Code AS3093 99 95 Hot New Kits This Summer Here are a few of the most recent kits added to our range See website or join our email Newsletter for all the latest news NEW EPE Ultrasonic Wind Speed Meter Solid state design wind speed meter anemometer that uses ultrasonic techniques and has no moving parts and does not need calibrating It is intended for sports type activities Such as track events sailing hang gliding kites and model aircraft flying to name but a few It can even be used to monitor conditions in your garden The probe is pointed in the direction from which the wind is blowing and the speed is displayed on an LCD display Specifications Units of display metres per second feet per second kilometres per hour and miles per hour Resolution Nearest tenth of a metre Range Zero to 50mph approx Based on the project published in Everyday Practical Electronics Jan 2003 We have made a few minor design changes see web site for full details Power 9VDC PP3 bat tery or Order Code PSU345 Main PCB 50 x 83mm Kit Order Code 3168KT 34 95 NEW Audio DENE Decoder and Display me Detects DTMF tones via an on board electret microphone or F direct from the phone lines through the onboard audio tran
182. nerative Receiver from the Practical Radio Circuits series Further readers who have air spaced tuning capacitors in their spares boxes can substi tute them for the polythene dielectric types The topside p c b component layout interwiring details and full size underside copper track masters for the variable and fixed capacitor boards are shown in Fig 2 The arrangement of components on the mixer oscillator board together with wiring details and full size track master is repro duced in Fig 3 General guidance on assembling compo nents on the boards and the inter board wiring is given later LF Transformer Intermediate frequency transformer L1 L2 is produced by winding 36s w g 32a w g enamelled copper wire onto an 18mm 3 4in long former cut from a piece of scrap 6mm 1 4in diameter plastic poten tiometer spindle Full details of the coil winding and construction are given in Fig 4 COMPONENTS CONVERTER See SHOP TALK page Resistors R1 R6 100k 2 off R2 R4 1000 2 off R3 1k R5 120k R7 3k9 All 0 25W 5 carbon film or better Capacitors C1 220p low k ceramic C2 470p low k ceramic C3 690p low k ceramic 220p plus 470p C4 940p low k ceramic 470p plus 470p C5 1164p 1000p polyester plus 82p plus 82p low k ceramic C6 1390p 1000p polyester plus 390p low k ceramic C7 1610p 1000p polyester plus 390p plus 220p low k ceramic 1800p 1000p polyester plus 470p plus 330p low
183. ng Check all the printed circuit boards for poor soldered joints and bridged tracks Double check the placement of components on the p c b s and the orientation of semi conductors and electrolytic capacitors If all is in order proceed as follows Converter Unit Starting with the Converter Unit connect a fresh 9V battery Current consumption should be approximately 4mA excluding the current drawn by any l e d indicator Connect the unit to the Receiver via a short no more than metre or 3ft length of coaxial cable and set the dial of the receiver to 4MHz 4000kHz plus the frequency of some powerful longwave transmitter BBC Radio 4 on 198kHz is ideal in many parts of the UK and this would require a receiver dial reading of 4198kHz Connect an aerial to capacitor C12 the input is not tuned for this initial test The 488 chosen station should now be heard Adjust the 1 f transformer tuning capacitor VC2 for highest reading on the receiver s signal strength meter Note that provision is made on the p c b for the insertion of an additional fixed capacitor in order to refine the tuning of coil L1 If the coil is constructed as specified it should come to resonance with trimmer VC2 at about mid swing and the need for an additional or two smaller capacitors is most unlikely Tuning Capacitors The 10 per cent tolerance of the larger capacitors in the switched bank tuning board can exceed the overlap betwe
184. ng e Easy to build amp use e No ground effect works in seawater e Detects gold silver ferrous amp non ferrous metals e Efficient quartz controlled microcontroller pulse generation e Full kit with headphones amp all hardware KIT 847 DEVELOPMENT 68000 TRAINING KIT e NEW PCB DESIGN e 8MHz 68000 16 BIT BUS e MANUAL AND SOFTWARE e 2 SERIAL PORTS e PIT AND I O PORT OPTIONS e 12C PORT OPTIONS KIT 621 iP 99 95 e ON BOARD 5V REGULATOR e PSU 6 99 e SERIAL LEAD 3 99 Stepping Motors MD100 Std 100 step 9 99 MD200 200 step 12 99 MD24 Large 200 step 22 95 MOSFET MkII VARIABLE BENCH POWER SUPPLY 0 25V 2 5A Based on our Mk1 design and preserving all the features but now with switchin pre regulator for much higher effi ciency Panel meters indicate Volts and Amps Fully variable down to zero Toroidal mains transformer Kit includes punched and printed case and all parts As featured in April 1994 EPE An essential piece of equipment PIC PIPE DESCALER e SIMPLE TO BUILD e SWEPT e HIGH POWER OUTPUT FREQUENCY e AUDIO amp VISUAL MONITORING An affordable circuit which sweeps the incoming water supply with a variable frequency electromagnetic CESCALER signals May reduce scale formation dissolve existing scale and improve lathering ability by altering the way salts in the water behave Kit includes case P C B coupling coil and
185. ng capacitor C12 to the gate g of the field effect transistor mixer stage TR1 High impedance at the gate minimizes damping on the input tuned circuit Diodes D1 and D2 shunt signals in excess of around 0 6V and protect the transistor against static damage Long wire aerials and high value tuning induc tors increase the vulnerability of the unit The gate g of TR1 is connected to the OV rail via resistor R1 in order to ensure correct biasing Oscillator Transistor TR2 is configured as a Colpitt s oscillator The operating fre quency is fixed with a high degree of accuracy and stability by quartz crystal XI The crystal is loaded by capacitor C19 and trimmer VC3 the latter permits the fre quency of oscillation to be set at precisely 4MHz Readers who do not require the main receiver s dial reading to be very pre cise can delete VC3 the dial readings will still be accurate enough for all but the most demanding applications R6 100k BC549C S2 4MHz I F OUTPUT TO 509 TO 75Q RECEIVER INPUT VC3 2p TO 22p D1 AND D2 1N4148 FLAT gr EE Vg Ns Front panel controls of the Converter Positive feedback from TR2 emitter e is injected via capacitors C16 and C18 and resistors R5 and R6 set the bias on the base b of TR2 The oscillator output is devel oped across emitter resistor R3 This com ponent also acts as the source bias resistor for transistor TR1 and the local oscillation is there
186. ng pulse is developed across resistor R2 and capacitor C2 resetting the counter Once the pulse has ended the counter starts to respond to the incoming pulses from IC1a its outputs in turn going high and then low on successive pulses To the counter outputs preset poten tiometers VRI to VR9 are connected as variable resistors and are used in series with diodes D1 to D9 As each counter out put is triggered in sequence a different note D1 TO D9 1N4148 VR1 TO VR9 470k is generated depending on the value of the resistance set by the respective preset resis tor The diodes prevent the low outputs from affecting the high output path Capacitor C3 is charged via the preset resistor but discharged into IClc s output pin 4 via resistor R5 and diode D10 The diode ensures that C3 s charging time is independent of the value of R5 The output of IClc therefore spends a fixed time in the low state while C3 discharges through R5 and D10 from the upper to the lower input threshold voltage but a varying time depending on the value of the selected pre set and R4 in the high state Thus although the output mark space ratio is not equal which is not important in this application the total charge discharge period and hence the resultant frequency will change depending on the value of the preset resistor Audio frequencies output from the tone oscillator are fed via buffer resistor R6 to the base b of pnp transistor T
187. nly does this enable the oscillator but also triggers the monostable via IC1b connected as an invert er This gate s output goes low discharging C2 via R3 so forcing the inputs of IC1c and IC1d low and their outputs high The l e d s are therefore prevented from being turned on as their cath odes are now held high When SI is released the oscil lator is stopped and the output of IClb goes high The result ing pulse across C2 takes the inputs of IC1c and IC1d with it The out put of these gates therefore goes low and the value reached by the counter is dis played on the Le d s The charge on C2 now decays via R3 until eventually the voltage at the inputs of IClc D8 TO D18 IN4148 Fig 4 5 Full circuit diagram for the Electronic Dice 507 Layout of components on the completed circuit board and IC1d falls below the low logic threshold at which point the out puts of IClc and IC1d switch high again turning off the display In this state the current drawn by the circuit is negligible Gates IClc and IC1d are connected in parallel to reduce their output resistance and thus enable them to sink the maximum l e d current presented to them The time for which the display remains lit is about three seconds but may be easily extended by increasing the value of C2 or R3 Construction The printed circuit board and track layout details for the Electronic Dice are shown in Fig 4 6 This board is available from the
188. normally sent out within seven days of receipt but please allow 28 days for deliv ery more for overseas orders Please check price and availability see latest issue of Everyday Practical Electronics before ordering from old lists For a further selection of books and CD ROMs see the next two issues of EPE Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email dbs epemag wimborne co uk Order from our online shop at www epemag co uk shopdoor htm BOOK CD ROM ORDER FORM Full MAINES os cicccecenddesvectoveceldscevivectercsivedcckeedecheceustdeens Address once scccaccicaheevensncdeeccdnedsnascatancetens h ne kendadadne and Post code Signature nee ea oe ae ee oe eee Peer E Telephone NO uaadsameinesendassnimpen enclose cheque PO payable to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE for Please charge my card Card Number Card Security Code Please send book CD ROM order codes The last 3 digits on or just below the signature strip Please continue on separate sheet of paper if necessary If you do not wish to cut your magazine send a letter or copy of this form Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 ELECTRONICS MANUALS ON CD ROM 29 95 EACH ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL mill 1 r 1 me ME PE M TV MGS ga TG ESM LE ELEC TRONES 4 FEE MARAL tez THESE oe kal ey masd on mm nam ARTENE FE A ar a EEE KE OM MENE gt EEE Eve
189. nown as the intermediate frequency is selected by a tuned circuit connected to the mixer s output port The intermediate frequency i f is usually fixed and the receiver tuned by altering the oscillator frequency and adjusting the input circuits When only a narrow band of frequencies has to be cov ered it is often more convenient to fix the oscillator frequency and tune the system by varying the intermediate frequency instead The entire VLF LF spectrum is located within a band of frequencies no more than 350kHz wide and a single 4MHz i f transformer damped by the mixer and the feeder to the receiver will tune broadly enough to accommodate it The precise i f is varied by sweeping the communication receiver s tuning from 4MHz to 4 350MHz which gives a sig nal frequency coverage from zero to 350kHz LF VLF Converter Circuit The circuit diagram for the LF VLF Converter is shown in Fig l where the fixed tuning capacitors Cl to Cll are selected by rotary switch S1 The switched Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 increments of Capacitance are smaller than the maximum value of the variable tuning capacitor VCI and the arrangement thus provides a continuously variable capaci tance swing of around 20pF to 2800pF Details of an inductor coil which com pletes the tuned circuit are given later together with details of a Loop Aerial Mixer The received signal is applied via d c blocki
190. nts which I will always be using what I have on my wants list top quality parts hard to get hold of parts and very cheap parts knowing that the risk is very low cheap Finally I do test all second hand components as best as I can before they are used as if it is my own designed project that I am building for the first time I have no absolute guarantee that the circuit design p c b layout etc are fully correct and tested and so dodgy components will make the task of mak ing it all work that much harder Hopefully by sharing these thoughts it may help others in their thinking on this subject and I include some web links concerning counterfeit parts http sound westhost com counter feit htm www designchainassociates com www kamaka de deutsch service cou nterfeit parts listing htm Ian Cornish via email Those are interesting thoughts Ian and well worth readers taking to heart thank you Whilst I have never been to a radio rally I would like to comment that I Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 actually learned a great deal about electronics in my early days as a hob byist in the early 1960s by using sec ondhand and scrap components I used to buy scrap TV sets from Church Street market not a stone s throw from the electronics mecca as was of the Edgware Road London They cost me about five shillings 25p Often I would try sometimes suc cessfully to get them working feelings of ho
191. o all PICkers PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD AND SOFTWARE SERVICE 517 Wimborne Publishing Ltd 2005 Copyright in all PCBs for EPE projects Plus EPE project software drawings photographs and articles published in EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is fully ADVERTISERS INDEX 520 protected and reproduction or imitations in whole or in part are expressly forbidden Our August 2005 issue will be published on Thursday du A 14 July 2005 See page 451 for details Readers Services Editorial and Advertisement Departments 459 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 449 NEXT MONTH PAIN MONITOR AND LOGGER In response to the suggestion of a Consultant Anaesthetist this unit has been designed as a patient wel fare logger It also has applications for other occasional event logging requirements as in sailing golfing or wildlife watching for example It has the following specifications Line of 10 pushbutton switches representing and recording pain threshold values Two pushbutton switches to record presence or absence of other patient conditions such as nausea or itch e 13 l e d s to visually indicate conditions selected e Additional general purpose l e d PIC microcontroller controlled e Real time clock chip non volatile Serial EEPROM non volatile memory with 32K byte storage e Serial interface to PC any current Windows platform via RS232 device e PC file generated to suit viewing and analysis via Windows Excel
192. o equip yourself with a totally new set of tools in order to build some useful projects Even if you do not build your own project cases it will still be necessary to do some drilling and cutting Tools such as hacksaws pliers centre punches and drills are still an essential part of project building Hole Truth Practically any hand or power drill can be used for drilling holes in cases but some are much better than others An important point to bear in mind is that most projects are quite small and that they are often housed in cases that are made from a fairly soft plastic Metal cases or plastic cases that have metal front panels are also popular but the metal is usually aluminium This is also quite soft A powerful electric drill is ideal for making large holes in brick walls but using it for most project work is definitely a case of using a sledge hammer to crack a nut Unless you are happy with a project that looks like it was made by someone who had one drink too many you must use a drill that will enable the holes to be made carefully and with precision Any power drill mounted in a good qual ity stand should give excellent control and make it relatively easy to obtain precise results Failing that it is proba bly best to keep it simple Fig 1 High drill speeds and most plastics do not go well together 490 Small cordless electric drills are well suited to most electronic project work One that has
193. oise or signal source This prop erty can be used to almost completely eliminate local interference Loop Construction A suggested design for a 104cm 41in diameter loop aerial is given in Fig 7 The completed loop is shown in the accompanying photographs Eight radial arms support the windings which are spaced and held in place by horizontal comb pieces Although a little more difficult to construct than a simple square the octagon is closer to the ideal circu lar form and the increased number of supports is desirable for the sixty turn winding Again little needs to be added to the information given on the drawing Materials and methods of construction are not hard and fast and readers will have their own ideas for assembling the sup port framework A plastic stand from an old typist s chair makes an ideal base if the castors are removed The gauge and type of wire used for the loop windings are not critical but the specified weight of 24s w g enamelled copper wire will be enough for 60 turns with a little to spare LOOP AERIAL YOU WILL NEED Reel 500g 11b of 24s w g 23a w g enamelled copper wire NB 11b is tight at the thicker a w g and American read ers might wish to play safe and purchase 11b of their slightly thinner 24a w g softwood strip 31mm x 21mm 1 1 4in x 3 4in 6 metres 20ft sheet of 6mm 1 4in plywood for plates and combs 1000mm x 600mm 3ft x 2ft softwood 150mm x 18mm 6in x 3 4in
194. om about two feet or so a bit under a metre you will again see the focal point filament very clearly If you build a small frame to support a microphone in exactly the same position as the filament then it should pick up any sound that is within the beam The sound will be amplified at the focal point You should have seen this amplification magnification when you looked into the spotlight the fila ment appearing much larger Colin Smith DSDA Beith via email Thanks for that Colin It s worth point ing out that you should never stare directly into any high intensity light beam for any length of time as this could damage your eyesight Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Constructional Project LF and VLF Converter Raymond Haigh Simple practical circuits for exploring the lower reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum series on Practical Radio Circuits June 03 to Jan 05 a number of readers have asked for a further article dealing specifically with reception on low LF and very low frequencies VLF This additional material has been prepared in response to their request and as before the emphasis is on practical circuits for experimenters The simple converter unit outlined here will allow a high performance receiver to tune into transmission from below 10kHz to 350kHz Also alternative aerial systems are described What s There Britain Ireland France Germany and Russia operate hi
195. onal third motor For the less experienced RCX code programs accompany most of the featured robots However the more adventurous reader is also shown how to write programs using Microsoft s VisualBASIC running with the ActiveX con trol Spirit OCX that is provided with the RIS kit Detailed building instructions are provided for the fea tured robots including numerous step by step pho tographs The designs include rover vehicles a virtual pet a robot arm an intelligent sweet dispenser and a colour conscious robot that will try to grab objects of a specific colour Order code BP902 298 pages ANDROIDS ROBOTS AND ANIMATRONS Second Edition John lovine Build your own working robot or android using both off the shelf and workshop constructed materials and devices Computer control gives these robots and androids two types of artificial intelligence an expert sys tem and a neural network A lifelike android hand can be built and programmed to function doing repetitive tasks A fully animated robot or android can also be built and pro grammed to perform a wide variety of functions The contents include an Overview of State of the Art Robots Robotic Locomotion Motors and Power Controllers All Types of Sensors Tilt Bump Road and Wall Detection Light Speech and Sound Recognition Robotic Intelligence Expert Type Using a Single Board Computer Programmed in BASIC Robotic Intelligence Neutral Type Using Simpl
196. op www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Payments must be in sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 STORE YOUR BACK ISSUES ON MINI CD ROMS DETEF FA FIEJ FOU a ay ala Le SEAU oy ta ev ues teg I nd I ETE ted A 1 4 45 each including VAT and p amp p gt gegen mnd A great way to buy EPE Back Issues our mini CD ROMs contain back issues from our EPE Online website plus bonus articles all the relevant PIC software and web links Note no free gifts are included All this for just 14 45 each including postage and packing VOL 1 BACK ISSUES January 1999 to June 1999 Order on line from Plus some bonus material from Nov and Dec 1998 www epemag wimborne co uk VOL 2 BACK ISSUES July 1999 to December 1999 A Foer 1 i or www epemag com prices VOL 3 BACK ISSUES January 2000 to June 2000 or by phone Fax E mail or Post VOL 4 BACK ISSUES July 2000 to December 2000 VOL 5 BACK ISSUES January 2001 to June 2001 BACK ISSUES MINI CD ROM ORDER FORM I I VOL 6 BACK ISSUES July 2001 to December 2001 I Please send me quantity BACK ISSUES CD ROM VOL 1 I VOL 7 BACK ISSUES January 2002 to June 2002 l Please send me quantity
197. or two CMOS logic chips Series and Features TECHNO TALK by Mark Nelson 473 Squinting helps to beam radio signals round corners PRACTICALLY SPEAKING by Robert Penfold 490 A novice s guide to project assembly tools PIC N MIX by Andrew Jarvis 496 Code reuse with Application Wizardry DISCOVERING PICS REVIEWED by Robert Penfold 498 Reviewing a basic introduction to PIC project building and programming NET WORK THE INTERNET PAGE surfed by Alan Winstanley 503 Our new Chat Zone is successfully up and running with lots of new features CIRCUIT SURGERY by Alan Winstanley and lan Bell 509 Examples of using CompactFlash cards with PICs Onwards Forever Onwards Regulars and Services BACK ISSUES Did you miss these 454 BACK ISSUE CD ROMS single source shopping for issues you ve missed 455 EDITORIAL 459 NEWS Barry Fox highlights technology s leading edge 467 Plus everyday news from the world of electronics READOUT John Becker addresses general points arising 474 SHOPTALK with David Barrington 497 The essential guide to component buying for EPE projects PLEASE TAKE NOTE 497 Crossword Solver Scarecrow CD ROMS FOR ELECTRONICS 500 A wide range of CD ROMs for hobbyists students and engineers DIRECT BOOK SERVICE 512 A wide range of technical books available by mail order plus more CD ROMs ELECTRONICS MANUALS 515 CD ROM reference works for hobbyists students and service engineers PIC RESOURCES CD ROM 516 Invaluable t
198. orders epemag wimborne co uk n line Shop www epemag sg wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Cheques should be crossed and made payable to Spontaflex Radio Tuner ed Everyday Practical Electronics Payment in sterling only Coil Pack NOTE While 95 of our boards are held in stock and are dispatched within Audio Amplifier seven days of receipt of order please allow a maximum of 28 days for delivery Tuning Capacitor Board overseas readers allow extra if ordered by surface mail x Safety Interface Back numbers or photostats of articles are available if required see the Back Back To Basics 1 Fridge Freezer Door Alarm Issues page for details We do not supply kits or components for our projects ae B Please check price and availability in the latest issue v ON A large number of older boards are listed on our website Back To Basics 2 Boards can only be supplied on a payment with order basis Water Level Alarm Burglar Alarm provecttme 000 forder Gode ost amp Radio Control Model s PROJECT TITLE Order Code Cost x Radio Control Model Switcher Radio Circuits 8 Dual Conversion SW Rec Back To Basics 3 L F Amp Scarecrow Signal Strength Meter f Digital Lock B F O Prod Detector f CompactFlash Interface Board Car Computer double sided LF VLF Converter JUL 05 PIC Watering Timer Software only Fixed Capacitor Board Jazzy Necklace FEB 04 i i Mixer Oscillator Board
199. ork The Internet Page JUNE 05 PROJECTS e PIC Ultrasonic Radar amp Radio Control Model Switcher Super Ear Audio Telescope Electronic Scarecrow Digital Lock FEATURES e Catch the Wave Tsunami Back To Basics 3 e Digital TV Switchover amp Programming PIC 18F Interrupts Circuit Surgery Interface Ingenuity Unlimited amp Net Work The Internet Page BACK ISSUES ONLY 3 50 each inc UK p amp p Overseas prices 4 each surface mail 5 50 each airmail We can also supply issues from earlier years 2000 except Feb Mar July Oct 2001 except Feb May Aug to Nov 2002 except Feb June Aug to Nov 2003 except June 2004 except Dec Where we do not have an issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be provided at the same price ORDER FORM BACK ISSUES PHOTOCOPIES INDEXES Send back issues dated Send photocopies of article title and issue date Send copies of last five years indexes 3 50 for five inc p amp p Overseas 4 surface 5 50 airmail 1 enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail orders 0 epemag wimborne co uk On line Sh
200. ou some cash and a prize One Way Broken Beam Alarm Route Master HE broken beam alarm is well known This is a so called active device which monitors a fixed light level the beam typically emitting a beep when someone breaks the beam for example by entering or exiting a doorway or safety zone However in certain situations one might wish to be alerted to persons enter ing a doorway but not exiting With this in mind the One Way Broken Beam Alarm circuit diagram shown in Fig l detects movement only one way through an entrance or exit It is strictly speaking a passive device in that it is not dependent on a fixed level of light In practice however it works more like the traditional active broken beam alarm in that it works ideally with a light or light beam at the other side of the door Nonetheless it has a little more flexi bility than the standard active alarm in that it doesn t need to be adjusted exactly to the intensity of the beam and is there fore a little easier to set up The prototype worked well with two naked light dependant resistors 1 d r s and an incan descent bulb if ambient light level was not too high The circuit consists of two almost iden tical CMOS 7555 monostable timers C1 and IC2 Their trigger inputs pin 2 are biased through preset potentiometers VR1 and VR2 to keep the potential at these inputs just above triggering Light dependant
201. our stock of basic components at a cheap price but you do not want defective components creeping into your projects as it will be disastrous especially as a beginner but even for a more advanced hobbyist The main reason for buying at rallies is the cost savings as opposed to buy ing new so to decide which route to go you need to know the cost of new com ponents which is easy with the internet a few clicks will give you a good idea of the cost for a particular component then when faced with a decision whether to buy a bargain you at least know what the gamble is Additionally is it worth buying used components populated p c b already desoldered or supposedly new parts at knock down prices Well again there are many issues to consider if the parts are already in a p c b then you can assume that they were once work ing but is the p c b scrap due to the component you want being defective Removals Also maybe the p c b has been stressed or you will damage the com ponent when trying to remove it with a soldering iron SM devices are difficult to handle in this respect I use a blow 474 torch on the opposite side of the p c b to release these components but again if your design does not work as calculated then will it cause more problems than the cost of a new component Scrap p c b s are a very cheap way of getting a board full of parts but you have to remove them from the p c b yourself and
202. ove 100kHz Many incorporate broadband input filters and performance deteriorates at low frequencies Even if the receiver has fully variable front end tuning there is The three circuit boards that make up the LF and VLF Converter Unit From left to right variable tuner fixed switched tuner and mixer oscillator Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 VUYYC TO LOOP AERIAL OR AERIAL TUNING CIRCUIT SEE FIG 6 Cor 2039p c8 7 a 1610p 2509 ae 8 _ POLE c5 3 ca 1164p 220p ae ai oan VC1 20p TO 280p C3 TO C11 MADE UP FROM MORE THAN ONE CAPACITOR VC2 2p TO 22p TR1 2N3819 BC549C D1 1N4148 k ev C18 220p C16 220p 2N3819 Fig 1 Full circuit diagram for the LF VLF Converter The circuit is split in two sections tuning and mixer oscillator often a considerable mismatch to the aerial on longwaves and signal transfer is less than optimum A step up converter which changes the frequency of incoming signals to say 4MHz overcomes the problem of cover age With appropriate input circuits signal losses due to broad tuning and aerial mis match can be reduced significantly All Change Frequency changing which is funda mental to superhet receivers was cov ered at length in the Radio series June 03 to Jan 04 In brief a locally generated oscillation is combined with the incoming signal in a mixer stage and the difference between the two k
203. ponents through RS A suitable miniature electret microphone insert should be stocked by most of our component advertisers The Cybervox printed circuit board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 514 see page 517 We believe Quasar see page 452 may produce a kit for this project if there is sufficient interest LF VLF Converter If you wish to use the Toko CANTA350EK coil mentioned in the LF VLF Converter article instead of winding your own it can be obtained from JAB Electronic Components 8 0121 682 7045 or www jabdog com mail order only They are also able to supply small quantities of enamelled copper wire The polyvaricon polythene dielectric variable capacitor will normally be found listed as a transistor radio type and consists of antenna and electronic Professional quality UHF crystal equipment Cost effective VHF FM equipment SENSIBLE prices from a long established discreet and reputable company Everything designed developed and manufactured by us in house and under our control We are dedicated to surveillance products we make nothing else Latest surface mount technology on all modules for maximum performance and micro size We ship worldwide and accept cards cash and cheques suma designs Phone fax or e mail on line at Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 SDX 200S Ultra miniature UHF crystal controlled surveillance bug 69 95 p amp p illustrated catalogue of audio surveill
204. ptimum setting is the biggest aperture that enables the insulation to be removed easily Flexible Friend Most pastimes seem to have their so called born again enthusiasts who return to the hobby after many years There certainly seems to be a strong element of this in electronic project construction and suppose it has tradi tionally been a hobby that people tend to take up either when very young or in later life A problem for silver solderers Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 is that electronic components and the projects that use them have shrunk over the years This can make life a bit difficult for those having eyesight that is not as good as it used to be There are magnifying glasses of vari ous types that are designed to make life easier for those pursuing a hobby that involves intricate work Having tried a few of these in recent years it is clear that some of them do not really work that well when applied to soldering The type that has a magnifying glass on a flexible arm is certainly worth trying They are produced by The Daylight Company and are apparently made pri marily for those who do cross stitching One of the smaller versions is ade quate for soldering work One type has a heavy base so it can stand on the worktop and another type is designed to clip onto the edge of the worktop Fig 6 Either will do the job well but the clip on type is less easily knocked over The
205. requency Put simply which varies the voltage on its drain d ter l e d red and assuming resonance a signal of 10mV minal Bypass capacitor C2 decouples the TR1 2N3819 n channel applied to a tuned circuit with a Q of 100 stage and eliminates potentiometer wiper field effect transistor will be magnified to 1V moving contact noise Miscellaneous S1 single pole single ETE throw toggle switch B1 9V PPS type bat tery with clips TO LOOP TUNING CAPACITORS L1 SEE FIGS 1 AND 2 82p VOYYYYYY O 2 Printed circuit board available from the EPE PCB Service code 30 TURNS 510 l e d holder battery holder co tl screw terminal 2 off coaxial sock 47u ov I et multistrand connecting wire p c b stand off 4 off nuts bolts and washers solder pins solder etc NB This unit would be normally be mounted in a metal case together with the tuning capacitor arrangement Approx Cost Guidance Only 9 excl case amp batts D1 se 2MA SLED O 00000000 ov 2N3819 Fig 10 Circuit diagram for the Q Multiplier and Loop Aerial The Q Multiplier can be used with any LF VLF turning coil and ferrite cored loops 486 Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Front panel layout of the Q Multiplier Q Multiplier circuit board mounted on the lid of the case The multiplier is connected to the hot end of the tuned circuit via capacitor Cl Resistor R1 ensures
206. ron es Er aoga Sine wave relationship values F Tools and Dolls ar pt Testing a Gtiillbsce Be Basic 3 Eker dn Brn EE cul Fru gli ae ELECTRONICS IN CONTROL Two colourful animated courses for students on one CD ROM These cover Key Stage 3 and GCSE syllabuses Key Stage 3 A pictorial look at the Electronics section featuring animations and video clips Provides an ideal introduction or revision guide including multi choice questions with feedback GCSE Aimed at the Electronics in many Design amp Technology courses it covers many sections of GCSE Electronics Provides an ideal revision guide with Homework Questions on each chapter Worked answers with an access code are provided on a special website Single User 29 inc VAT Multiple User 39 plus VAT Student copies available only with a multiple user copy 6 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices MODULAR CIRCUIT DESIGN Contains a range of tried and tested analogue and digital circuit modules together with the knowledge to use and interface them Thus allowing anyone with a basic understanding of circuit symbols to design and build their own projects Version 3 includes data and circuit modules for a range of popular PICs includes PICAXE circuits the system which enables a PIC to be programmed without a programmer and without removing it from the circuit Shows where to obtain free software downloads to enable BASI
207. rporate filtering to exclude higher radio frequencies and to curtail the response of the amplifier to mains hum and its harmonics Despite these measures whistler receivers must be battery powered and operated some distance from mains wiring and power lines Listening In Receiving signals radiated at low LF and very low frequencies VLF presents no major difficulties and the add on circuits described here will extend the coverage of the two high performance receiver designs Regenerative and Superhet included in the Practical Radio Circuits series Serious listeners often use commercial communications receivers again with add on units to extend coverage and or improve per formance The circuits presented in this article are equally suitable for equipment of this kind The tuning circuits must of course con tain much more inductance and capacitance to resonate at the lower frequencies Wire aerials even when physically quite long are only a small fraction of a wavelength Because of this they terminate at a high impedance which needs to be matched to the receiver Man made and natural electrical distur bances result in comparatively high noise levels at low frequencies The problem is inevitably worse in urban areas and is often the limiting factor in resolving very weak signals Converter Unit Some communications receivers can be tuned to the lowest reaches of the spectrum but most end their coverage at or ab
208. rror now that I recognise that I was dabbling in a potentially lethal activity having little knowledge about what I was doing Failing that I would strip them for their components I was also given several hundred p c b s which had been part of a col lege s computer that was being replaced Those boards were so primi tive by today s standards that they did Figuring Out CADs Dear EPE Could you please tell me the maker and name of the software you use to cre ate the circuit diagrams in EPE and the component and stripboard layouts I assume that this will be a professional package and hence very expensive so perhaps you may be able to suggest other alternatives Any relevant web sites would be useful Robert B Fairbairn via email We have freelance technical artists who do our drawings for us Robert They use CorelDraw in order to provide us with style consistency I ve not used Corel so cannot tell you how easy it is to learn The p c b track layouts though are not done by our artists but by the authors themselves providing us with printouts from their own CAD packages which we then scan in and use as are The component positioning details are again done by our artists I suggest you could do a search via www google com for CorelDraw I don t know of alternatives to it Does any reader know Lightening Strikes Dear EPE I had a wry smile when reading Thomas Scarborough s Thunderstorm Monitor Nov 04
209. rs deliberately to slightly degrade the ana logue signal from the disk drive in a way that plays havoc with the digital circuitry in a DVD recorder Random noise like finely detailed fast moving snow is added to the picture sig nal The snow is not visible on the PC screen but the recorder wastes so many digital bits trying unsuccessfully to record it faithfully that the overall picture record ed looks like a coarse mosaic and breaks up when there is fast action on screen Ring It Yourself Cellphone users round the world spend a billion dollars a year on downloading musical ringtones So the music industry may not be too pleased with a new fun way to save serious money by making ringtones in seconds without fees sub scriptions or downloads Magix Ringtone Maker is a 20 PC program that rips music from a CD or MP3 file converts it to ringtone format and dumps it direct into a phone www fasttrak co uk The software also allows editing to cut a song down to ringtone length It makes an ideal present for teenagers says FastTrak But to stay legal users should obtain express permission from record companies before ripping Barry Fox FastTrak only supply within the UK mainland For other destinations browse www magix com Ed Fast Components Add New Kits Fast Components have been offering a more convenient way to buy components for the last year and have recently extend ed
210. rything you need to know to get started in repairing electronic equipment e Around 900 pages amp Fundamental principles amp Troubleshooting techniques Servicing techniques amp Choosing and using test equipment Reference data amp Manufacturers web links e Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format amp Clear and simple layout e Vital safety precautions Professionally written amp Supplements SAFETY Safety Regulations Electrical Safety and First Aid UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE Electrical and Electronic Principles Active and Passive Components Circuit Diagrams Circuit Measurements Radio Computers Valves and Manufacturers Data etc PRACTICAL SKILLS Learn how to identify Electronic Components Avoid Static Hazards Carry Out Soldering and Wiring Remove and Replace Components TEST EQUIPMENT How to Choose and Use Test Equipment Assemble a Toolkit Set Up a Workshop and Get the Most from Your Multimeter and Oscilloscope etc SERVICING TECHNIQUES The Manual includes vital guidelines on how to Service Audio Amplifiers The Supplements include similar guidelines for Radio Receivers TV Receivers Cassette Recorders Video Recorders Personal Computers etc TECHNICAL NOTES Commencing with the IBM PC this section and the Supplements deal with a very wide range of specific types of equipment radios TVs cassette recorders amplifiers video recorders etc REFERENCE DATA Diodes Small Signal Transistors Power Transistors Thyri
211. s see our catalogue for full details Soldering Irons We carry in stock a wide range of ra tig ioe and soldering accessories Irons from 12 to 100 Watts 20W 240V Basi 3 74 25W 240V Ceramic 30W 240V Basic Desolder Pumps Basic 165 x 18mm Antistatic 195mm Antex Mini 198mm Antex Pro 210mm Digital Multimeter Model 121 120 Price 11 47 A highly featured digital multitester for professional use Offers 30 ranges and functions including temper ature capacitance diode continuity and hFE measure ment Large 3 5 digit LCD display with automatic po larity indicator Supplied with shrouded test leads K type temperature probe and shock proof rubber holster Technical Specifications DC voltage 200mV 1000V 0 5 AC volts 2V 700V 0 8 DC current 2mA 20A 1 2 AC current 200mA 20A 1 8 esistance 200 Ohms 20M Ohms 0 8 Capacitance 2000pF 20uF Vere Temperature 0 C 1000 C 1 5 Frequency 20kHz 1 Max display 1999 Power supply 9V PP3 battery Dimensions 88 x 173 x 40 mm CCTV Complete Systems We carry the full range of Micromark Black amp White and Colour CCTV systems for the home or office These complete easy install sys tems are supplied complete with power supply cables and all fix ings Simple plug in connections for use with any TV or Video with a scart socket Black amp White Systems from 22 97 CCTV Black amp White Module A miniature CMOS camera mod
212. s string instrument maker from the old word luth which became corrupted to become lute And I thought I knew a bit about music obviously not Yes throw away society really is to the fore on so much Even I don t often bother to repair but nip down to the store for a new CD video whatever Sad really DAB Aerial Dear EPE Just a word to say thanks to you all at EPE I have just made two DAB aerials from the information in your May 05 issue one for a friend We are both in poor areas for DAB but after I made and fitted we have 100 reception The aeri als are indoors and we both live in flats We call them modern art if people ask what they are So thanks to Mr Stef Niewiadomski for this design We now enjoy DAB a lot more Allan Bland and friend via email Thanks Allan we re are pleased to know you are pleased Deed of the Day Dear EPE I received my May 05 issue and as always avidly read it cover to cover not ing Alan Jones letter I have never been into radio being ever the digital and VB man but I came across this site purely by accident whilst hunting down a robot cir cuit from RC back in 1972 This page may well fill some gaps for Alan www spontaflex free online co uk I just hope I ve done my good deed for the day Cheers n beers Keith Anderson via email Thanks Keith I ll drink to that 475 Net Fraud Dear EPE I read with great interest Alan s Net Work column a
213. se pulses of ultrasound which deter visiting animals e KIT INCLUDES ALL COMPONENTS PCB amp CASE e UPTO EPE TEACH IN 2000 Full set of top quality NEW components for this educa tional series All parts as specified by EPE Kit includes breadboard wire croc Clips pins and all components for experiments as listed in introduction to Part 1 Batteries and tools not included TEACH IN 2000 KIT 879 44 95 MULTIMETER 14 45 SPACEWRITER An innovative and exciting project Wave the wand through the air and your message appears Programmable to hold any message up to 16 digits long Comes pre loaded with MERRY XMAS Kit includes PCB all components amp tube plus instructions for message loading KIT 849 Z Dh K ny A y 12V EPROM ERASER A safe low cost eraser for up to 4 EPROMS at a time in less than 20 minutes Operates from a 12V supply 400mA Used extensively for mobile work updating equipment in the field etc Also in educational situations where mains supplies are not allowed Safety interlock prevents contact with UV RE 790 seres sinn 29 90 SUPER BAT DETECTOR 1 WATT O P BUILT IN SPEAKER COMPACT CASE 20kHz 140kHz NEW DESIGN WITH 40kHz MIC A new circuit using a full bridge audio amplifier i c internal speaker and headphone tape socket The latest sensitive transducer and double balanced mixer give a stable high perfor mance superhe
214. sformer The fiber are displayed on a 16 character single line display as they are received Up to 32 numbers can be displayed by scrolling the display left and right There is also a serial output for sending the detected tones to a PC via the serial port The unit will not detect numbers dialled using pulse dialling Circuit is microcontroller based Supply 9 12V DC Order Code PSU345 Main PCB 55 x 95mm Kit Order Code 3153KT 17 95 Assembled Order Code AS3153 29 95 NEW EPE PIC Controlled LED Flasher This versatile PIC based LED or filament bulb flasher can be m used to flash P from 1 to 160 LEDS The user r arranges the LEDs in any pattern they wish The kit comes with 8 superbright red LEDs and 8 green LEDS Based on the Versatile PIC Flasher by Steve Challinor EPE Magazine Dec 02 See web site for full details Board Supply 9 12V DC LED supply 9 45V DC depending on number of LED used PCB 43 x 54mm Kit Order Code 3169KT 10 95 Most items are available in kit form KT suffix or assembled and ready for use AS prefix FM Bugs amp Transmitters Our extensive range goes from discreet surveillance bugs to powerful FM broadcast transmitters Here are a few examples All can be received on a standard FM radio and have adjustable transmitting frequency MMTX Micro Miniature 9V FM Room Bug wy Our best selling bug Good I performance Just 25 x 15mm wo at So
215. sic concept of a micro controller fundamentals of a PIC based circuit and using the MPLAB program Further chapters introduce binary PIC architecture the instruction set the PIC memory map and special registers plus real world programming Four simple projects are also fully described a Wavy Wand an Electronic Dice a Games Timer and a Pulse Monitor The associated CDROM contains the book in PDF format MPLAB plus instruction manuals in PDF format and all the programs covered in the book as assembler ASM files In addition a p c b based hardware kit is also available that makes up into the Wavy Wand which will spell out a short message via a line of l e d s when waved through the air BOOK PLUS CDROM 190 pages A4 spiral bound fel ee el KOI O Reuere 22 00 fol qe D fem at lael ln MO de mexele mDleler 28 50 For a further selection of books see the next two issues of EPE BOOK ORDERING DETAILS All prices include UK postage For postage to Europe air and the rest of the world surface please add 2 per book For the rest of the world airmail add 3 per book CD ROM prices include VAT and or postage to anywhere in the world Send a PO cheque international money order sterling only made payable to Direct Book Service or card details Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club or Maestro to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LTD 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND Orders are
216. so available see website for details Number 1 for Kits With over 300 projects in our range we are the UK s number 1 electronic kit specialist Here are a few other kits from our range 1046KT 25W Stereo Car Booster 29 95 3087KT 1W Stereo Amplifier 4 95 3105KT 18W BTL mono Amplifier 9 95 3106KT 50W Mono Hi fi Amplifier 19 95 3143KT 10W Stereo Amplifier 10 95 1011 12KT Motorbike Alarm 12 95 1019KT Car Alarm System 11 95 1048KT Electronic Thermostat 9 95 1080KT Liquid Level Sensor 6 95 3003KT LED Dice with Box 7 95 3006KT LED Roulette Wheel 8 95 3074KT 8 Ch PC Relay Board 29 95 3082KT 2 Ch UHF Relay 26 95 3126KT Sound Activated Relay 7 95 3063KT One Chip AM Radio 10 95 3102KT 4 Ch Servo Motor Driver 15 95 3155KT Stereo Tone Controls 8 95 1096KT 3 30V 5A Stabilised PSU 32 95 3029KT Combination Lock 6 95 3049KT Ultrasonic Detector 13 95 3130KT Infra red Security Beam 12 95 SGO1MKT Train Sounds 6 95 SG10 MKT Animal Sounds 5 95 1131KT Robot Voice Effect 9 95 3007KT 3V FM Room Bug 6 95 3028KT Voice Activated FM Bug 12 95 3033KT Telephone Recording Adpt 9 95 3112KT PC Data Logger Sampler 18 95 3118KT 12 bit Data Acquisition Unit 52 95 3101KT 20MHz Function Generator 69 95 www quasarelectronics com Secure Online Ordering Facilities amp Ful
217. so covers Safety and provides web links to component and equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers Full contents list available online at www epemag wimborne co uk Supplements Additional CD ROMs each containing approximately 500 pages of additional information on specific areas of electronics are available for 19 95 each Information on the availability and content of each Supplement CD ROM will be sent to you Presentation CD ROM suitable for any modern PC Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader which is included on the CD ROM Wimborne Publishing Ltd Dept Y07 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 r z7 7 THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL CD ROM _ ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL CD ROM ordering both together PLEASE PRINT _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Maestro PLEASE send me VISA RS D I enclose payment of 29 95 for one Manual or 49 90 for both Manuals saving 10 by PULL NAME ict2462esicaw seeded benenteaawetsddeeeheedckewn ecu ee ADDRESS asic asa dee nena es Rae ene ee RE eS ae ee eee RE ae Rees SIGNATURE surrer bie 26S eee bate ee ees We ee a ee AG ei he _ I enclose cheque PO in UK pounds payable to Wimborne Publishing Ltd ORDER FORM Simply complete and return the order form with your payment to the following address Wimborne Publishing Ltd Dept Y07 408 Wimbor
218. son for this is that it has clean switching at its outputs By way of comparison other makes were found to emit spikes at the outputs as the i c was reset to output QO with the National Semiconductor i c prefix CD being the worst offender and the Motorola prefix MC being barely suitable However these i c s could be used with a low pass RC filter at IC3 input pin 3 to kill any spikes This is a good example of how components may appear on paper to fit the bill yet in practice behave unexpectedly Construction If this circuit is intended for control ling a c mains powered appliances it should only be constructed by those who are suitably qualified or supervised and it must be housed in a metal case which must be earthed Component and track layout details for the Multi Clip Switch are shown in Fig 3 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 515 Since the i c s are all CMOS devices dual in line d i l sockets are used throughout and normal antistatic precau tions are advised in particular discharge your body to earth before handling them It needs to be noted that IC 1 is used here as a sensitive preamplifier therefore any unsound joints may disrupt its operation far more easily than would normally be the case Any trouble shooting should put this possi bility high on the list Begin p c b assembly by soldering the six link wires Note that the link wire sit uated between terminal b
219. stem and it therefore makes sense to start with this The book has 190 ring bound A4 size 297 by 210 millimetres pages Where appropriate colour is used for diagrams tables and charts The paper and print quality are quite good everything is laid professionally and good use is made of the large page size In gen eral it is all clear and easy to follow even if like me your eyesight is not as good as it used to be Discovering PICs is aimed at beginners and it therefore starts at quite a low level No knowledge of microcontrollers or programming is assumed but some knowledge of electronics would be a definite asset The first chapter covers the basic concept of a microcontroller the fundamentals of a PIC based circuit and using the MPLAB pro gram There is no PIC programmer included in the system so MPLAB together with PICSTART Plus or a similar unit will be need ed if the user wishes to blow programs into a PIC processor Further chapters introduce binary the basic building blocks of digital circuits and the architecture of a simple microprocessor Things then become more PIC specific with chapters covering PIC architecture the instruction set the PIC memory map and the special registers The PIC processor used as the basis of prac tical examples is the PIC16F627 However the PICs are RISC processors that are based on what is essentially the same set of 3 Pk lip m i F Tighe AAE re LU RTE HH SH The Discov
220. stors Triacs and Field Effect Transistors Supplements include Operational Amplifiers Logic Circuits Optoelectronic Devices etc Pu EE ET i 1 5 I i rer E al SPECIAL OFFER Order both Manuals together and SAVE 10 THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL El rfroslcs Meanswi pannen ds oe The essential reference work for everyone studying electronics e Over 800 pages amp In depth theory amp Projects to build amp Detailed assembly instructions amp Full components checklists amp Extensive data tables Manufacturers web links Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format amp Clear and simple layout amp Comprehensive subject range Professionally written amp Supplements BASIC PRINCIPLES Electronic Components and their Characteristics Circuits Using Passive Components Power Supplies The Amateur Electronics Workshop The Uses of Semiconductors Digital Electronics Operational Amplifiers Introduction to Physics including practical experiments Semiconductors and Digital Instruments CIRCUITS TO BUILD The Base Manual describes 12 projects including a Theremin and a Simple TENS Unit ESSENTIAL DATA Extensive tables on diodes transistors thyristors and triacs digital and linear i c s EXTENSIVE GLOSSARY Should you come across a technical word phrase or abbreviation you re not familiar with simply look up the glossary and you ll find a comprehensive definition in plain English The Manual al
221. t plus support files It will be necessary to look elsewhere Output LEDS PORTB lt 1 7 gt if you require an interactive CD ROM is cen Ridin whee tn _ This is not a Teach Yourself Everything About PICs EEE SEE Te in 30 minutes type of book and only the basics of PIC programming are covered However covering the These lines are needed at the start of every program basics well is a better approach than trying to cover too much and doing an inadequate job Having thoroughly LIST Pmt FET select device learnt the fundamentals of PICs it should be easy to INCLUDE C Program Files MNPLAB IDEVMCHIP Tools P16F627 1ne progress further No previous knowledge of microcon include header file trollers is required in order to use this book but some 19500 GDTURIN 20005500 previous experience with electronic circuits would be more than a little useful The Wavy Wand kit seems to be well worth the addi tional cost and the full package is perhaps the most attractive option It provides an opportunity for some EQU 0x20 look up table pointer hands on experience with PICs If you go on to buy a programmer it is then possible to experiment with the A EQU 0x21 delay loop counters supplied program and do your own thing You can i ys SOU 0x23 build and modify the projects at the end of the book ae KA BEGER ae plus those featured in EPE Fig 1 Header code for the Wavy Wand program Last and by no means least the CD ROM
222. t L C D s Julyan llett Feb Mar 97 PIC16F87x Microcontrollers Review John Becker April 99 PIC16F87x Mini Tutorial John Becker Oct 99 Using PICs and Keypads John Becker Jan 01 How to Use Graphics L C D s with PICs John Becker Feb 01 PIC16F87x Extended Memory how to use it John Becker June 01 PIC to Printer Interfacing dot matrix John Becker July 01 PIC Magick Musick use of 40kHz transducers John Becker Jan 02 amp Programming PIC Interrupts Malcolm Wiles Mar Apr 02 amp Using the PIC s PCLATH Command John Waller July 02 O EPE StyloPIC precision tuning musical notes John Becker July 02 amp Using Square Roots with PICs Peter Hemsley Aug 02 amp Using TK3 with Windows XP and 2000 Mark Jones Oct 02 PIC Macros and Computed GOTOs Malcolm Wiles Jan 03 amp Asynchronous Serial Communications RS 232 John Waller unpublished amp Using I C Facilities in the PIC16F877 John Waller unpublished amp Using Serial EEPROMs Gary Moulton unpublished Additional text for EPE PIC Tutorial V2 John Becker unpublished Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world fe 2 fe fal D C 1 enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Maestro M ard Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip Va
223. t needs to make the Pea NAS EONO TEAREN EA interface mode 4 B interface Interface with PIC controller program work SPISlave fIntenu 10 Assembly SPiSlave for PIC18 PIC16 family No of display ines Twoline No of lines SPIMaster emu 1 0 Assembly SPiMaster for PIC18 PIC16 famiy font selection 58 Aad neii Of course it s not quite so straightfor 2CMaster intema 10 Assembly 2CMaster for PIC18 PIC16 family ohim lenie K t modejHighes ward in tice To benefit f th ican 1 00 _ Anenbiy Oversenping modde for PICIG PICI eee PORTE we pracuce 10 beneit trom NESE 10 2 ADC finter 1 0 Assembly For PIC18 only ge n ar tools you need to think about writing relo En Post PORTB ock secon fr SEE catable code and understanding linker MER Ponta ee scripts If this interests you MPLINK and RAV Fe Ground Read wite ground read Y f MPLIB are a part of the free MPLAB IDE a a Delay agere j download available from the Microchip website www microchip com version 7 10 at the time of writing There is no linker or librarian with EPE Toolkit TK3 but you can still use it in con junction with MPLAB by taking the final hex file produced by the linker and choos ing the Send Hex feature to program the PIC Application Maestro Sitting somewhere between the cut and paste job and the linker librarian ideal is Application Maestro another free down load from Microchip This tool is effective ly a code generator that lets you configure
224. t to the new address which will enable your membership to be re activated You can choose the level of Additional Personal Information if any e g occupation or location that you want to share with other users It is easy to set Additional E mail Notification settings You can opt to have copies of your messages and any replies emailed to you though you will need to log in to the forum to post a message This is a useful way of tracking topics without constantly checking in to the forum Also try the Check New Messages link near the log in box and the Tree View option The Preferences section of your Profile is worth checking out Most privacy related options are already enabled for you by default including Do Not Display my real email address Do Not Display my Profile in the Member List and Do Not Send me Private Message emails from other board users The Private Message function where recipients agree to receive them permits a limited quanti ty of brief messages to be sent to other Usernames via the Chat Zone s mail server There are a number of anti flood filters and logs built in to help prevent abuse You can choose to upload a small Picture avatar of no more than 80 pixels in JPG or GIF format Lastly you can change your password or even delete your account all within the Profile Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Start New Thread Let s now turn to the posting features o
225. ter TEKTRONIX 2335 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep 125 TEKTRONIX 485 Dual Trace 350MHz Delay Sweep 300 IWATSU SS5711 4 Channel 100MHz Delay Sweep 150 PHILIPS 3065 2 1 Channel 100MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 200 PHILIPS 3055 2 1 Channel 60MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 150 PHILIPS PM3217 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay Sweep 125 KIKUSUI COS6100 5 Trace 100MHz Delay 150 TEKTRONIX 475A Dual Trace 250MHz Delay Sweep 175 TEKTRONIX 475 Dual Trace 200MHz Delay Sweep 150 TEKTRONIX 465B Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep TEKTRONIX 465 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep PHILIPS PM3209 Dual Trace 40MHz Delay PHILIPS PM3215 Dual Trace 50MHz KENWOOD C 4035 Dual Trace 40MHz PANASONIC VP5564A Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V525 Dual Trace 50MHz Cusors HITACHI V523 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay HITACHI V425 Dual Trace 40MHz Cursors HITACHI V422 Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V223 Dual Trace 20MHz Delay HITACHI V222 Dual Trace 20MHz HITACHI V212 Dual Trace 20MHz FARNELL DTV12 14 Dual Trace 12MHz STORAGE PHILIPS PM3320 Dual Trace 200MHz 250Ms S LECROY 9400 Dual Trace 125MHz TEKTRONIX 468 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep rile Storage VELLEMAN HPS5 1MHz 5MHz Sampling Handheld ee p ANALYSERS ADVANTEST R3265A 100Hz 8GHz TEKTRONIX 492P 50kHz 21GHz HP8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz Built In Tracking Gen HP 8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz HP 8569A 10MHz 22GHz HP 8565A 10MHz 22GHz HP 853A with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP 182T with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP182T with 855
226. terodyne design KIT 861 34 99 get ALSO AVAILABLE Built amp Tested 48 99 ULTRASONIC PEsT SCARER SIMPLE PIC PROGRAMMER KIT 857 12 99 Includes PIC16F84 chip disk lead plug p c b all components and e EFFICIENT 100V 4 METRES TRANSDUCER OUTPUT RANG instructions e COMPLETELY INAUDIBLE e LOW CURRENT TO HUMANS DRAIN eee Ak Kit No 845 64 95 KIT 812 0ccecceccecceccucceeees 15 00 ee PIC LCD DISPLAY DRIVER 16 Character x 2 Line display pcb pro grammed PIC16F84 software disk and all components to experiment with stand ard intelligent alphanumeric displays Includes full PIC source code which can be changed to match your application KIT 860 19 99 e Learn how to drive the display and write your own code e Ideal development base for meters calcu lators counters timers just waiting for your application e Top quality display with industry stand ard driver data and instructions PIC STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER PCB with components and PIC16F84 programmed with demonstration software to drive any 4 phase unipolar motor up to 24 Volts at 1 Amp Kit includes 100 Step Hybrid Stepping Motor Full soft ware source code supplied on disc Use this project to develop your own ap plications PCB allows simple PIC pro grammer SEND software to be used to reprogram chip KIT 863 18 99 8 CHANNEL DATA LOGGER From Aug Sept 99 EP
227. the correct biasing of the transistor Feedback is preset by selecting the required tapping on the coil and by adjust ing TRI s source s presets VRI and VR2 wired as variable resistors One or other of these presets is switched into cir cuit by switch SI This arrangement ensures the smooth operation of the Q Multiplier control VR3 at all settings of the switched tuning capacitor p c b The purpose of the remaining components will be evident from earlier circuit descriptions Construction The printed circuit board component lay out off board component interwiring details and a full size underside copper foil master pattern for the Q Multiplier are shown in Fig 11 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 511 Also shown are the lead off wires to the loop or tuning coil including the feedback tapping lead TO EARTHY END OF LOOP OR TUNING COIL TR1 DCD TO HOT END OF LOOP OR TUNING COIL TO FEEDBACK TAPPING ON LOOP OR COIL N GLE 45mm 1 77in Fig 11 Q Multiplier printed circuit board component layout wiring to off board components and full size copper foil masters Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 COMPONENTS Q MULTIPLIER Resistors See R1 1M SHOP R2 3k9 TALK All 0 25W 5 carbon film page Potentiometers VR1 VR2 22k enclosed pre set hor 2 off VR3 10K rotary carbon lin Capacitors C1 82p low k ceramic C2 10u rad
228. their range with four new products The Spring 2005 line up now includes SMD capacitor and resistor kits in 1205 0805 and 0603 sizes says Thomas Arundel one of the product designers behind the company Curiously when prototyping we found that our bench top supply of components would always run Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 s out of a key value just before an important deadline Restocking was always a pain and slow so we started sourcing sets of components and eventually realised that others had the same problem Tsuyoshi Kihara the co founder who sources the sets adds Since the success ful launch of our leaded resistor and capacitor sets last year we have updated them all to include extra values and have now launched a 0 5W metal film resistor set a 1205 0805 SMD resistor set a 1205 0805 0603 SMD capacitor set and a BNC r f connector set The BNC and electrolytic ceramic polyester leaded cap acitor sets sell for 4 99 both metal film leaded resistor sets 9 99 and the resistor and capacitor SMD sets for 12 99 and 14 99 respectively In addition to the convenience the sets also represent excel lent value for money All our components are brand new and of the highest quality Within a set values are packed individually with easy read labels which makes finding individual val ues a breeze states Thomas Customers can order direct via Fast Components website
229. thers like you out there and many more who still need our knowledge to make a loud noise and some who want to know what we know to help others make a loud noise too So I m getting some really interesting tech nical questions these days which stretch the brain and I m quite enjoying it You might care to browse my web site http rolyroper elands com ozvalve amps tone htm Roly Roper NSW Australia via email Your storms sound formidable Roly there s a whole lot of Nature out there at times And confirmed by that photo of the Quoll or Tiger Cat on your home completed any design but I did enjoy the fun of the experimenting and learn ing from it all At this point I must stress that if anyone wishes to build a published design and expect it to work they should only use new components that are guaranteed to live up their spec ifications Furthermore anyone designing something for possible publication should only use compo nents which are in current produc tion and as such are readily available However I heartily support the concept of buying components from rallies if you are intent on learning and experimenting and getting to know what components do But do keep in mind the cautions that lan highlights page That s one mean looking beast You are obviously into a wide variety of interests More power to you but only at low voltage Luthiering had to do a Google on that one from which I found it mean
230. this can be a messy and time consuming chore Again the main consideration is cost so if you know you stand to gain a considerable amount by buying used then you can evaluate the situation and maybe even buy two p c b s as part of the gamble If on the other hand you feel that buying unused is the way you want to go then there are other considerations are the parts scrap from manufacture i e do not perform to specification are they counterfeit or are they just genuine Quality In terms of counterfeit parts some times you can tell by the weight of the component but you would need to know what a proper part feels like or by the markings but otherwise it is going to be difficult to tell You could of course take a measuring device around with you and do a quick check before deciding which may be able to help but you will not be able to do a full performance check even with the simple resistor let alone any thing more complicated On the one hand components which are very cheap may be suspicious but on the other hand with components which are only marginally cheaper than new the gain may not be worth the risk With me this decision also depends on whether the parts will be used in a qual ity precise or critical performance design Considerations Other issues which affect my decision are do I need the part immediately is the part a quality part is it on my list of wants etc I am now much more choosy abo
231. tions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 14 99US approx 8 for one year available from www epemag com USA CANADA SUBSCRIPTIONS To subscribe to EPE from the USA or Canada please telephone Express Mag toll free on 1877 363 1310 and have your credit card details ready Or fax 514 355 3332 or write to Express Mag PO Box 2769 Plattsburgh NY 12901 0239 or Express Mag 8155 Larrey Street Anjou Quebec H1J 2L5 Email address expsmag expressmag com Web site www expressmag com USA price 60 US per annum Canada price 97 Can per annum 12 issues per year Everyday Practical Electronics periodicals pending ISSN 0262 3617 is published twelve times a year by Wimborne Publishing Ltd USA agent inc P amp P or FREE with first order P amp P 1 50 per order NO VAT Cheques and Postal Orders to Sherwood Electronics 7 Williamson St Mansfield Notts NG19 6TD aa PACKS C Film 5 each value total 365 0 25W 3 30 ig 10 each value total 730 0 25W 4 55 RP10 1000 popular values 0 25W 6 45 RP4 5 each value total 345 0 5W 4 20 RP8 10 each value total 690 0 5W 6 85 RP11 1000 popular values 0 5W 8 70 USACAN at 1320 Route 9 Champlain NY 12919 Subscription price in US 60 US per annum Periodicals postage paid at Champlain NY and at additional mailing offices POSTMASTER Send USA and Canada address changes to Everyday Practical Electronics c o Express Mag PO Box 2769 Plattsburgh NY USA
232. trated by the use of microcon trollers that are available in traditional dual in line packages Much can be achieved with a dual in line microcon troller coupled to a handful of traditional discrete components and it can all be built easily with traditional p c b techniques Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 Listing 2 CF_COMMAND_REG CF_ADDR movlw movwf IDENTIFY CMD CF DATA movlw movwf CHECK READY1 btfss CF_CONTROL RDY goto CHECK_READY1 nop bcf CF_CONTROL WE Insert delay here bsf CF_CONTROL WE Insert delay here movlw movwf CF DATA REG CF ADDR movlw OxFF movwf TRISY clrf CF_DATA Address the command register Use the Identify command Wait for the card to be ready Write the command to the card 1 Write enable line low li Write enable line high Read the data register Address the data register PORT Y data bus as inputs Clear data lines Start a loop here to read multiple bytes CHECK_READY2 btfss CF_CONTROL RDY goto CHECK_READY2 nop bcf CF_CONTROL OE Insert delay here movf CF DATA 0 Wait for the card to be ready OE control line LOW Get first byte Process byte e g send over serial link bsf CF CONTROL OE Insert delay here Read and process the second byte End of loop Of course allied to this step change in our hobby is the use of personal comput ers now becoming as essential to own as say an
233. ts Order Code PSU445 8 95 Rolling Code 4 Channel UHF Remote State of the Art High security 4 channels Momentary or latching relay output Range up to 40m Up to 15 TXs can be learned by one Rx kit includes one Tx but more available separately 4 indicator LEDs Rx PCB 77x85mm 12VDC 6mA standby Two amp Ten Channel versions also available Kit Order Code 3180KIT 41 95 Assembled Order Code AS3180 49 95 Computer Temperature Data Logger Serial port 4 channel tem perature logger C or F Continuously logs up to 4 i separate sensors located 200m from board Wide e G range of free software appli cations for storing using data PCB just 38x38mm Powered by PC Includes one DS1820 sensor and four header cables Kit Order Code 3145KT 19 95 Assembled Order Code AS3145 26 95 Additional DS1820 Sensors 3 95 each Most items are available in kit form KT suffix or pre assembled and ready for use AS prefix NEW DTMF Telephone Relay Switcher Call your phone number using a DTMF phone from anywhere in the world and remotely turn on off any of the 4 relays as desired User settable i Security Password Anti Tamper Rings to Answer Auto Hang up and Lockout Includes plastic case 130 x 110 x 30mm Power 12VDC Kit Order Code 3140KT 39 95 Assembled Order Code AS3140 49 95 Serial Port Isolated I O Module Computer controlled 8 ch
234. uit should be pre sented with a wrong sequence of claps This was not included in the circuit for the rea son that it would make it intolerant to spuri ous sounds and would also require a good many more components 495 PIC N VEN O moren mais Our periodic column foryour PIC programming enlightenment Code Reuse with Application Wizardry UITE often you ll write the same code over and over or at least do a cut and paste job on the best bits Be honest how many times have you lifted I c d initialisation or delay routines from one file to another This isn t exactly what the software engineers mean by code reuse but I guess it gets the job done in the short term Librarian Link For MPLAB users at least there are some more structured alternatives to the paste buffer The MPLINK object linker and MPLIB object librarian combine to make the job of maintaining reusable code modules much easier Using these you can write your favourite routines in their own easy to manage ASM or C file then arrange them into neat little functional groups like math or delay or whatever else they represent to be used whenever your latest program demands The beauty is that you write and test once but use many times Put simply the linker MPLINK com bines code that is generated from multiple assembler or C compiler output files into a single hex file The librarian MPLIB makes it easy to group together
235. ule with a 3 6mm F2 Lens video output amp ower via connectors provided Specs 660 800 Power 12Vdc 50mA Video System CCIR Pixels 352 x 288 in Illumination 0 5Lux Video Output 1 Vpp 75 Q Dims 35 x 35 x 28mm 20g 16 60 mlh ATAI EFF AD E Fana AAI A F a f a a A PCB Production Processing Equipment We carry a large range of the photographic amp chemical rocessing equipment for PCB production a full list with ull technical specifications is available in our catalogue or vist our web site V Exposure units ubes 6 min timer 2 x 8W 229 x 159mm working area Model 332 002 88 78 4 x 15W Tubes 7 min timer 330 x 260mm oring area Model 332 004 194 51 emical diet Low cost plastic tray 1 80 Process tanks feature electrically operated pumps and or heaters with thermostat control suitable for boards upto 320 x 260mm Universal Tank with heater Model 333 007 161 60 Bubble etch Tank with heater amp bubble pump Model 333 004 198 50 PCB Production Tools Drill Bits HSS parallel shank bits available in sizes from 0 3mm to Omm 0 3 0 95mm in 0 05mm steps 0 60ea 4 00 10 1 0 2 0mm in 0 1mm steps 0 40ea 3 60 10 HSS Reduced shank 2 35mm bit available in sizes from 0 6mm to 1 7mm in 0 1mm steps 84ea 7 60 10 Reground Tngsten carbide reduced shank 3 2mm avail able in sizes from 0 6 to 1 6mm in 0 1mm steps 1 90 pruma Machines Expo reliant 12V drill 3 8m
236. ut what I buy because if I am not going to use it for an immediate project then I just end up having a lot more junk lying around and it possibly may not be used ever despite my intentions or by the time I come to work on the particular project the component has been super seded by something even better With semiconductors you tend to find that parts from rallies are generally not cutting edge or up to date but maybe a little bit older so this has to be borne in mind as well This also means that because they are history they will be cheaper from new again you need to know what the new price is to be able to decide There are lots of things you can do to try and help you to decide you could carry a multimeter have a wants list know your new prices maybe have an up to date catalogue in the car to check on prices in case of any additional dis coveries have a general idea of what components are good for you and your projects Working Order Rallies are fun and you can get good bargains but buyer beware I never consider any item as fully working unless it can be proven to me there and then and I have a written guarantee with a clear way to enforce that guar antee credit card etc So almost all of the offerings will therefore be consid ered as scrap with prices and risk fac tor that are appropriate My general approach is only to buy what I need for an immediate project what are good general compone
237. veryday Practical Electronics July 2005 will simply keep the capacitor pumped up and will fail to further clock the counter Thus the entire sequence is delayed and a reset is again inevitable Notice also that this takes care of any overshoot At first the author pondered over how he might prevent a sequence of claps from shooting past the point required to switch the relay thus upset ting the overall count a simple reset is not the answer This is taken care of automatically by controlling the mini mum and maximum duration of claps as described During tests if tight margins were select ed for the circuit even when people tried to imitate just three claps that the author showed them they were generally unable to do so However for practical purposes the component values shown here are cho sen to make the Multi Clap Switch charita ble towards the user The piezo sensor is particularly suited to gluing to surfaces such as a door in which case it converts the Multi Clap Switch into a very sensitive tap switch Finally the author was faced with the choice as to whether to make this an all bells and whistles design or something more spartan He decided that a clap switch is generally set up and used for months if not years at a time without adjustment and that the addition of vari ous knobs and dials would considerably complicate the design Therefore he decided to make this an experimenter
238. which development had been started during World War II For delivery to Canada Vol 2 and Vol 4 can only be sent by surface post Cheques made payable to Direct Book Service Direct Book Service Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 0202 873872 Fax 0202 874562 www radiobygones co uk Please send me Wireless For The Warrior ME quantity Vol 1 quantity Vol 2 Added Fos r Codere TA enclose cheque postal order bank draft to the value of 0 Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro Se ee WIRELESS Eee Card security NO LA last 3 digits on the signature strip for the Vald Fron ss Ep DAE e Maestro Issue NO 006 W ARRIOR Everyday Practical Electronics July 2005 489 PRAGTIGALLY SPEAKING Robert Penfold looks at the Techniques of Actually Doing It ver the years have often stated that many of the tools used when building electronic projects are the type of thing that can be found in the average handyman s toolbox Things change though and I suppose that these days there are relatively few project builders who build their own wooden or metal cases Probably few of today s projects require cases that are large enough to merit the carpentry and metal bashing antics that were once a normal part of project construction This does not mean that no tools in the average toolkit will be useful and that you need t
239. with a project Program title WAVY WAND COMPLETE A as simple as this it is still quite easy to get everything j damm fitted in the right place Written by Bill Phillips An instruction leaflet is included with the kit and rentene pememsen Se using this is handier than referring to the book for the Dave 5 February 2004 component layout etc No case is included in the kit ee but you do not really need one in order to test or use the scree Dig ke finished unit Assembling the kit did not produce any Kil bk amen il problems and it worked first time The Wavy Wand EEE ETE provides an easy introduction to PIC processors but in configuration bits order to get the most out of it you really need a pro j daa grammer so that you can do your own thing with the dscillator INTRC 1 0 message Watchdog Off i Power up Off Conclusion ENE VD OUDEENG Discovering PICs is certainly a good introduction to p eee pep PIC microprocessors with the book and CD ROM dt gg neate a i package providing a convenient way of obtaining Code protect Off j everything you need to get started Buying a beginners EEE EE ee PIC book and downloading the MPLAB software and Oscillator Internal 4 MHz data yourself might save a few pounds but any savings fm e e are unlikely to be spectacular It is essentially a book Input PORTB lt 0 gt tilt switch interrup
240. with eyes that sense obstacles and daylight BrainiBorg comes with superb PC software CD WIN95 amp XP and can be pro grammed to walk and respond to light and obstacles on any smooth surface CD contains illustrated constructional details operating principles circuits and a superb Educational Program ming Tutorial Test routines give real time scope traces of sensor and motor signals Connects to PC via SERIAL port with the lead supplied Kit includes all hardware components 3 motor gearboxes Uses 4 AA batteries not supplied An Ideal Present KIT 912 Complete Kit with CD rom amp serial lead 49 99 KIT 913 as 912 but built amp tested circuit board 58 95 EPE PIC Tutorial EPE Apr May Jun 03 and PIC Resources CD Follow John Becker s excellent PIC toolkit 3 series Magenta Designed Toolkit 3 board with printed component layout green solder mask places for 8 18 28 wide and slim and 40 pin PICs and Magenta extras 16 x 2 LCD PIC chip all components and sockets included KIT 880 with 16 84 34 99 built amp tested 49 99 KIT 880 with 16 877 39 99 built amp tested 55 99 EPE TEACH IN 2004 THE LATEST NOV 03 SERIES All parts to follow this new Edu cational Electronics Course Inc Breadboard and wire as listed on p752 Nov Issue Reprints 1 00 per part KIT 920 29 99 KIT921 12 99 MAGENTA BRAINIBOT amp Il Full kit with ALL hardware and electronics As fe
241. ythings Even more exciting for youngsters at least is or was the Seebackroscope a device with which you could see backwards for instance to peer at the antics of a courting couple sitting on a park bench behind you enter Seebackroscope on www Google com if you think I m making this up Mecca for Adolescents The Seebackroscope used to be advertised widely in children s comics fifty years ago I m showing my age now and it was marketed by Ellisdon s of Holborn the shop was just round the corner from Holborn Kingsway tube sta tion almost opposite the Bassett Lowke shop mecca for model railway enthusiasts it later became Beatties and only five minutes from another prolific advertiser Headquarter amp General Supplies remember their transistor radio with audio that ranged from a whisper to a roar that would fill a concert hall But let s leave misspent youth behind and get back to serious business Where radio communication is concerned squinting is a very desirable capability Reverting to my theme of juvenilia for a moment were this a kids comic the next frame in the comic strip would have a speech bubble with the words Reader s voice Why And why indeed Because radio transmission achieves max imum efficiency when it is directional there s no point in squirting a signal into places with no one to hear you This applies particularly at VHF UHF and microwave frequencies Band II FM and HI D
242. z 50 MARCONI SANDERS 6055C Signal Source 850 2000MHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6055B Signal Source 850 2150MHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6056B Signal Source 2 4GHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6057B Signal Source 4 5 8 5GHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6059A Signal Source 12 18GHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6070A Signal Source 400 1200MHz 125 FLUKE 6011A Synthesised 11MHz PHILIPS 5514V Colour Bar Generator Video BLACK STAR ORION Colour Bar Gen BLACK STAR ORION Later Version Metal Case FREQUENCY COUNTERS TIMERS EIP 371 Source Locking Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz 325 EIP 331 Autohet Microwave Counter 825MHz 18GHz HP 5386A Counter 10Hz 3GHz FEEDBACK SC230 Counter 1 3GHz RACAL 9916 Counter 10Hz 520MHz RACAL 9906 Universal Counter 200MHz RACAL 9904 Counter Timer 50MHz RACAL 1991 Counter Timer 160MHz 9 digit MARCONI 2431A Frequency Meter 200MHz MARCONI 2437 Counter Timer 100MHz HP 5340A Automet Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz HP 5316A Universal Counter 0 100MHz HPIB THANDAR TF810 Frequency Counter 5Hz 200MHz Battery 60 THANDAR TF200 Frequency Meter 10Hz 200MHz 8 digit 40 BLACK STAR Meteor 100 Counter 5Hz 100MHz BLACK STAR 1325 Counter Timer 1300MHz BECKMAN UC10A Universal Counter 120MHz LEADER LDC9043 Digital Counter 100MHz DIGITAL MULTIMETERS erc SOLARTRON 7150 67 digit True RMS IEEE SOLARTRON 7150Plus As Above Temp Measurement 100 DATRON 1065 5 2 digit Autocal AC DC Resistance IEEE 95 FLUKE 77 3 digit

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