Comparison - Georgian College
Contents
1. Read Passage 4 and Table 2 below to compare the relationship between distance and pressure in hoses Use the text and the table to answer the questions that follow Answers are at the end of this skills manual Passage 4 Hose Size The proper size and type of hose will deliver air from the compressor and material from its source to air tools and guns When air is compressed and travels a long distance its pressure begins to drop However you can keep this pressure drop to a minimum for a distance up to 100 feet when you use proper fittings and a hose of the proper diameter Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 10 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Table 3 shows hoses of different lengths 5 feet and 50 feet and different internal diameters 1 4 inch up to 3 8 inch You can compare the pressure drop at different pressures for these hoses Compare PSIG for 5 foot lengths column 2 and PSIG for 50 foot lengths column 3 At low pressure and short lengths of hose the drop is not significant At higher pressure and longer lengths the pressure drop becomes much greater It must be compensated for TABLE 2 AIR PRESSURE DROP ID stands for Inner Diameter PSIG stands for Pounds per Square Inch Gauge Size of Air Hose ID 5 foot length 50 foot length 1 4 inch PSIG PSIG 402. about the topic Read Passage 3 below about testing electrical systems Examine the table and see how it compares the hook ups of different testing meters Passage 3 Maintenance and Testing Electrical Systems The many different electrical systems require you to refer to the service manual for diagnosis and repair Do a visual check when electrical problems occur Because improper meter connections can damage the meter or circuit carefully read the explanation of proper hookup that follows Voltmeter connection A voltmeter must be connected in parallel notin series It can be used to check voltage at any point in a circuit Either a high or low reading may indicate circuit problems Ammeter connection An ammeter is always connected in series Current must flow through both the circuit and ammeter A higher or lower than normal current reading may indicate circuit problems Ohmmeter connection An ohmmeter can be connected in series or in parallel but never to voltage or current If connected to a live circuit it could be damaged as it supplies its own power When testing continuity of a wire no resistance is wanted When testing continuity in a coil a certain amount of resistance is common Compare tested resistance to the specifications in a service manual to determine circuit or component condition voltmeter in parallel ammeter in series ohmmeter in series or in parallel Table 1 below is a selection chart Before
3. for another Comparing greases can also show why an inappropriate choice such as using sodium soap at low temperatures could produce an unsuitable outcome such as the grease thickening too much When you learn about one thing in this case greases you will probably go on to learn information about the features and use of other lubricants Be prepared to think about their similarities and differences Consider making your own list of advantages and disadvantages so you have a handy reference Classification An important method of comparison is classification Classification is a method of grouping things according to their similarities Classifying materials tools and techniques is a good way to keep organized Classification can help you see how things are related and how they differ Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 3 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Read Passage 2 below to see how this works Passage 2 Simple Machines A machine is a device that makes work easier by changing the speed direction or amount of force A simple machine magnifies the effects of an applied force Levers Levers are the simplest of basic machines The point where the lever pivots is the fulcrum of the lever There are three classes of levers Class 1 These levers have a fulcrum between the resistance f
4. need to compare low pressure and short lengths to high pressure and long lengths When you do this you find the drops in air pressure are different 3 You would compensate for b higher pressure and longer lengths of hose b is clearly stated in paragraph 4 Answer c higher pressure and hose of proper diameter is probably also correct We don t know however what hose diameter would correct the problem Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 16 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 4 An inner diameter of 1 4 with a 60 PSIG will experience pressure drop of 4 5 at 5 foot lengths T This question asks you to compare information in a question with data in a table to find the right answer PART III Passage 5 Galvanic Corrosion and Table 1 4 1 According to Passage 5 and Table 4 aluminum is more chemically active than nickel T Find each metal on Table 4 and compare its position to the other to determine which is least and most active 2 If iron and nickel are in contact with each other the nickel will corrode F Whichever of the two metals is more chemically active will corrode The more active metal in the table is iron The nickel therefore would not corrode 3 Galvanic corrosion may cause problems even when dissimilar metals are in the least chemically active area T If d
5. with good basic knowledge about something you can understand and evaluate the details that follow You will be ready for each new idea as it is presented When you know how a tool or fitting works you can understand why it is designed the way it is This foundation will also help you decide which tool or fitting to choose Once you know how to select the proper size wrench you are on your way to learning how to remove an engine Textbooks manuals and supervisors assume you understand basic information as you move through the course If you are missing basic information you may find you can t make effective comparisons as new ideas are presented Make sure your basics are sound before going on And remember a change in a routine or a product might affect the outcome For example you might always get 80 or more on tests If you change the number of hours you study or skip breakfast your results may be different If you compare such cause and effects over a period of time you learn something about the relationship between behavior and outcome This can lead you to think about how you make choices in your learning and your job CONCLUSION Information in your texts is set up so you can create a base of knowledge From your base you can compare and contrast the different materials tools procedures and methods that you have learned When reading technical material look for words that compare and contrast They can alert you to compariso
6. Comparison In some cases a comparison is not obvious Example Experienced technicians know the advantages of tools of high quality purchased from reputable manufacturers Most do the following e offer lifetime guarantees against failure e are made from quality materials e hold up under use e enable them to do better work Although no comparison is stated here turn the information around to discover indirect comparison The information indirectly implies that the opposite is true about poor quality tools While you might find other opinions you could conclude that many poor quality tools do not offer lifetime guarantees against failure Are not made from quality materials do not hold up under use do not enable installers to do better work Watch for information that is not directly stated You may have to pull out the details Example The disadvantage of open end wrenches is that they only grip two faces of the nut This rounds off the nuts and may cause injury to hands Use comparison and contrast to gather information If open end wrenches have these disadvantages another more suitable tool might be available Select the proper product to avoid problems Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 9 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Although we can safely turn some informatio
7. EVALUATING ACADEMIC READINESS FOR APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING Revised for ACCESS TO APPRENTICESHIP COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS COMPARISON OF INFORMATION AN ACADEMIC SKILLS MANUAL for The Small Motors Service Trades This trade group includes the following trades Marine amp Small Powered Equipment Mechanics Motorcycle Mechanics and Small Engine Mechanics Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities Revised 2011 In preparing these Academic Skills Manuals we have used passages diagrams and questions similar to those an apprentice might find in a text guide or trade manual This trade related material is not intended to instruct you in your trade It is used only to demonstrate how understanding an academic skill will help you find and use the information you need COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS COMPARISON OF INFORMATION An academic skill required for the study of the Small Motors Service Trades You make comparisons on the job every day You compare size when you pick one size of bolt instead of another You compare techniques when you decide to use one type of power tool instead of another You compare long term costs when you order a better quality replacement engine because it is more durable than a less expensive one INTRODUCTION When you make a comparison you examine two or more things to find out how they are similar and how they are different While comparison examines both si
8. PSIG 0 4 16 0 60 PSIG 4 5 20 0 80 PSIG 5 5 25 0 5 16 inch PSIG PSIG 40 PSIG 0 5 4 0 60 PSIG 1 0 6 0 80 PSIG 1 5 8 0 Questions 1 Low pressure and short lengths of hose may cause a significant drop in air pressure T F 2 Higher pressure and longer lengths would result in approximately the same drop in air pressure as lower pressures and shorter lengths T F 3 Which of the following would you compensate for a low pressure and short lengths of hose b higher pressure and longer lengths of hose c higher pressure and hose of proper diameter 4 An inner diameter of 1 4 with a 60 PSIG will experience pressure drop of 4 5 at 5 foot lengths T F Text and graphics work together When information is complex using both text and graphics to compare and contrast helps you get the whole picture Text and graphics diagrams tables charts illustrations photos work together to describe and illustrate what you need to know in order to make good choices Read Passage 5 and Table 3 below to compare the relative activities of metals Note the language cues and patterns of comparing as you read the passage Use the text and the table to answer the questions that follow Answers are at the end of this skills manual Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 11 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges
9. and Universities 2011 Passage 5 Galvanic Corrosion When two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other galvanic corrosion occurs The metal that is more chemically active will corrode See Table 3 For example zinc will corrode cover and thus protect steel TABLE 3 Relative Activity of Metal Magnesium Most Active Aluminum A Zinc Chromium Iron Cadmium Cobalt Nickel Tin Lead A Copper Least Active With other metals galvanic corrosion can cause problems For example the coatings on galvanized steel and tin plate are corrosion resistant If the seams of these metals were welded the welding process would burn off the protective coating This would result in a product that fails For wood shingled roofs only rust resistant nails are recommended Hot dipped zinc coated nails with the strength of steel and corrosion resistance of zinc are recommended Questions 1 According to Passage 4 and Table 5 aluminum is more chemically active than nickel T F 2 If iron and nickel are in contact with each other the nickel will corrode T F 3 Galvanic corrosion may cause problems even when dissimilar metals are in the least chemically active range T F 4 The following will prevent accelerated faster galvanic corrosion a using the least active metals b using specialized dielectric fittings c using two dissimilar metals Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Informati
10. ill look at Passage 1 in more detail to see how the comparison is organized In paragraph one you learn e what lubricants are substances such as oil grease or graphite e where they are used on surfaces which slide or move against each other and e why they are used to reduce friction and wear between components The answers to what where and why are the type of questions that you could answer from this description This description applies to all lubricants The next paragraph provides information about a specific type of lubricant grease The characteristics advantages and limitations of grease are described The passage tells you e how machine grease is made e the effects of adding thickener and e the percentage of soap in two types of grease This description applies to all greases This is how they are the same For specific comparisons you have to read on Paragraphs three to eight provide details about simple soap greases e similarities and differences in use and composition of different soap greases e which grease to use in different situations By comparing and contrasting such things as composition and use you can find out which item is suitable or recommended for a specific application Using the information When you learn about materials such as lubricants you get information and details that enable you to make comparisons You could explain to someone else what to expect if you substituted one type of grease
11. ipping and causing damage to the bolt or nut head The 6 point wrench is the strongest because it completely surrounds the hex nut and brings force to bear on all six sides and points The 12 point wrench also grips the six points but does not bear on the face surfaces of a hex nut this means there is a greater potential for slippage The advantage of a 12 point wrench is that the wrench can grab the nut in twelve different positions In confined spaces the additional engagement points increase the possible turning radius The handle of a box end wrench is often offset 10 to 60 degrees to reach into an area without the handle hitting the part Questions 1 Which of the following describes advantages of box end wrenches a closed end offset handle jaws fit completely around a nut b more force can be applied without slipping the box end grips in twelve different positions c both a and b 2 In confined spaces the 6 point wrench will give an increase in turning radius T F Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 13 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 3 Both the 12 point and 6 point wrench have equal grip on a bolt or nut T F 4 Which wrench would you choose for greatest strength a either 6 or 12 point b 6 point c 12 point A final point about how comparisons work When you start
12. issimilar metals are in contact problems can occur This is why you are directed to use the same materials for fittings PART IV Passage 6 Wrenches 1 Which of the following describes advantages of box end wrenches a closed end offset handle jaws fit completely around a nut 2 In confined spaces the 6 point wrench will give an increase in turning radius F It is stated that a 12 point wrench increases the turning radius The passage doesn t tell us about a 6 point This is a question where you will need more information 3 Both the 12 point and 6 point wrench have equal grip on a bolt or nut F Paragraph 2 states that the 6 point surrounds the hex nut The next sentence states that the 12 point does not bear on face surfaces and has a greater potential for slippage 4 Which wrench would you choose for greatest strength b 6 point This is stated in paragraph two Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 17
13. milarities and differences contrast only looks at differences Once you have made your comparison or contrast of the different options available you are in a position to evaluate what is the best choice for a given situation In your trade you compare products and equipment for a variety of reasons to decide which one is more durable which is safer or which will work better in a specific situation You learn to compare techniques and procedures through your reading from listening to teachers supervisors and skilled tradespeople and through your experience on the job In this skills manual we will look at the following aspects of comparison e How comparison works Language that compares and contrasts Using text and graphics to compare Making choices PARTI HOW COMPARISON WORKS From general to specific Most comparisons start with general information about a topic This general information is your base The topic could be anything from engines to tools From this foundation you move to more specific topics such as what size engine you need for different lawnmowers or the safe use of a power drill As you read about a topic such as lawnmowers you begin with explanations definitions or descriptions that apply to the large body of information about this kind of machine This gives you an overview of the topic Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 1 Access to Apprenticeshi
14. n around be careful not to jump to conclusions Example Measuring tools must be handled with the same care as other precision instruments 1 Never drop a square as this can ruin accuracy 2 Always keep it clean Does this mean you can toss around semi precision instruments and other tools Before you start dropping your hammers and chisels think about the consequences to these tools Math language In math the concepts of proportion ratio decimals and percentages are forms of comparison Each of these terms is used to compare one amount or measurement to another They are fundamental to mixing products determining slope or finding safe bearing weights They are also used to compare quality strength of materials and cutting speeds Examples A ten tooth gear will make three revolutions for each revolution of a thirty tooth gear The large gear will turn at 1 3 the speed of the small gear The camshaft crankshaft rotation for machine reaming is 1 2 that of HSS Discard this if wear on bearing surfaces is more than 10 Knots reduce rope strength by half 50 PART III USING TEXT AND GRAPHICS TO COMPARE Text and graphics often work together to compare different aspects of a relationship The text explains and gives examples while graphics list items or illustrate specific parts or procedures When you use both sources of information they work together to provide you with complete data on which to then base your comparison
15. ns This enables you to make sound choices as to what is most suitable for each situation Charts and table provide easy ways to compare and contrast because the information is organized into categories Principles and measurements may not change but tools applications materials equipment conditions and seasons do To adapt to change compare the old with newer information This will enable you to keep up to date in the metal trade and have happy employers and clients Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 14 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Summary 1 Understand how comparisons work e from the large topic to an item by item comparison e through classification e through tables and charts Build from a solid base If a comparison doesn t make sense stop and get help before going on Look for patterns and language that compare and contrast Watch for tables and passages that compare without telling you indirect comparison Use text written and diagrams together to compare information Use all details available to you Change in one area results in change to another area Compare details to make the right adjustments to adapt to the change Compare what you read with what you do It is an important technical tool Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades C
16. omparison of Information Page 15 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Answer page PARTI Table 1 Four Cycle vs Two Cycle Engines 1 The two cycle engine size is smaller but it can deliver horsepower hp equal to that of a four cycle engine T The heading over the chart states that engines of equal horsepower are compared in this table 2 A four cycle engine compared to a two cycle will c go through same cycle but with different number of strokes Refer to row 3 and compare the cycle intake compression power and exhaust to number of strokes 4 and 2 3 The four cycle engine operates at extreme angles F The row labeled Versatility states that the four cycle engine has limited slope operation because engine receives less lubrication when tilted 4 Four cycle and two cycle engines use the same lubrication systems F The table lists different lubrication systems for these engines See the row labeled Lubrication PART ITI Passage 4 Hose Size and Air Pressure Drop 1 Low pressure and short lengths of hose may cause a significant drop in air pressure F Although there is a relationship between the two Paragraph 4 states that this combination would not cause a significant drop 2 Higher pressure and longer lengths would result in approximately the same drop in air pressure as lower pressures and shorter lengths F You
17. on Page 12 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 By comparing what you read and what you see you are using an important technical tool When data is simple you can get what you need from either written text or diagrams When information is more complex you usually need both PART IV MAKING CHOICES To follow steps correctly to double check work or to understand a problem you are constantly making comparisons Think about how this works To follow instructions you have to compare what you are reading in a manual to what you are actually doing Comparing what is shown in the text to the results in front of you will help you decide if you are on the right track The list below suggests questions you might ask when you are making a decision What features do these products or methods have in common How do they differ Is one better in certain situations than the others Why How do costs compare Which is the better choice for my situation Why Passage 6 compares and contrasts features of two types of wrench Read the passage and answer the questions that follow Answers are at the end of this skills manual Passage 6 Wrenches Box end wrenches have a closed end for better holding power The jaws fit completely around a bolt or nut and grip each point on the fastener The box end wrench is thus the safest More force can be applied without sl
18. onstant use and temperature range The grease also is better able to stay in place The content of soap in general purpose greases is usually from 7 to 18 for special purpose greases the range can be from 3 up to 50 Grease Types Simple Soap Greases combine a fatty acid with a base metal calcium sodium aluminum lithium or barium Calcium soap a small amount of water stabilizes this oil soap structure At temperatures of approximately 80 C 1 75 F the soap and oil separate as the internal water works out These greases are suitable for damp conditions but not for high temperatures Sodium soap Soluble in water High temperature range These soaps are recommended only for dry conditions and high operating temperatures Aluminum soap Used where adhesiveness is important because of stringy quality Water resistant not recommended for high temperatures Lithium and Barium soaps The most commonly used soap greases Etc Mixed Soap Greases combine various types of soaps to increase the service life of a grease A mixture of calcium and sodium soaps offers water resistance Etc Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 2 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 When you read Passage 1 it doesn t say anywhere that types of greases will be compared but this is what is happening We w
19. orce load and the effort Crowbars bolt cutters jacks pliers and scissors are all examples of Class 1 levers Class 2 The resistance load in these levers is between the fulcrum and the effort If you lift an object by one end it is a Class 2 lever Wheelbarrows are an example Class 3 The effort in these levers is applied between the fulcrum and the resistance The effort arm is shorter than the resistance arm and the effort is always greater than the resistant force If you use your hand and arm to carry something this is an example of a Class 3 lever Cranes backhoes and hammers are also examples Passage 2 sets up comparison in a series of steps Paragraph one starts with general information e It introduces the large classification machines and defines what a machine is e It then describes a more specific classification simple machines Then the passage focuses specifically on one type of simple machine levers e You already know what a simple machine is or does You can apply these facts to levers e You learn the definition of a lever e You also learn there are three classes of levers Next you get a definition for each of the three classes of levers e You can compare each of the three types of levers as to e fulcrum points e the relationship between resistance and effort and e You are also given examples of each class of lever By the end of Passage 2 you know how the different classes of levers are similar and ho
20. orms some obvious and some not so obvious However the purpose remains the same fo give you a base and then to show you similarities and differences PART II WORDS THAT COMPARE AND CONTRAST In Part II we look at some of the words and phrases that you can use to recognize when something is being compared or contrasted Remember comparison means both similarities and differences while contrast means differences only If someone says to you I drive the same car as you do you immediately know a lot about their car You take what you know about your own car and apply that information to their car To compare them thoroughly though you have to ask some questions You might compare this type of detail e make model and year e engine size e colour and condition e number of kilometres Direct Comparison Words and phrases that compare and contrast Some words and phrases immediately signal that a comparison or a contrast is to be made When a comparison is signaled in this way it is called a direct comparison Words such as same like similar and all tell you about something and compare it to something else And note the different ways of saying all whatever the type and regardless of the type Examples All nuts on this system have right hand threads Screwdrivers like any other tool are designed for a specific kind of activity Never use them to pry items loose Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trade
21. p Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 From this general information you learn more specific information such as types of mowers As you learn the characteristics of each type you see what the various mowers have in common and how they differ Next you sort out the similarities and differences between e features of different mowers e recommended uses of each type You compare features operation procedures conditions or costs related to the large group and to each item in the group You can then compare the advantages or disadvantages of each You are in a good position to choose the best method or product for a specific job Passage 1 shows you this typical pattern of moving from general to specific information It starts with general information about lubricants It then describes a type of lubricant grease and goes into detailed comparison of different soap greases Read Passage 1 As you read pay attention to how using comparison leads you to understand the concepts Passage 1 Lubricants Lubricants are substances such as oil grease or graphite used on surfaces which slide or move against each other Lubricants reduce friction and wear between components and increase their life Properties of Grease Lubrication oils are thickened with a soap to produce greases Adding thickener controls water resistance and thus resistance to machine breakdown resulting from c
22. reas instead of however set up comparison but they point out contrasting or differing uses or applications Examples The standard micrometer is graduated in thousandaths of an inch 001 The Vernier micrometer on the other hand is graduated in ten thousandths of an inch 0001 Right hand thread is understood unless left hand thread is specified in the diagram The power supply for an electric drill is the electric cord whereas in a pneumatic drill it is the air hose Allthreads do not take equal amounts of loading The words relative or relatively mean compared to each other or to other items Examples Tron is relatively more active than copper Some comparison contrast words and phrases restrict you or tell you not to do something Words like only as stated exclusively excluded and only tell you something is allowed or permitted Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 8 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Example Fluid and air hoses are made differently and for this reason should not be interchanged Study the different construction of fluid and air hoses Watch for these comparison words and suffixes less than less volatile than gasoline more than more brittle than as as as much as ___er than harder than steel est strongest Indirect
23. rectly to its application Any decision about which is better should be made after considering every aspect of its intended use Questions 1 The two cycle engine size is smaller but it can deliver horsepower hp equal to that of a four cycle engine T F 2 A four cycle engine compared to a two cycle will have fewer major moving parts deliver greater hp go through same cycle but with different number of strokes a b c d have a cooler running temperature except for hotter climates 3 The four cycle engine operates at extreme angles T F Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 6 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 4 Four cycle and two cycle engines use the same lubrication systems T F Know your purpose If you need to review the major differences between these engines you can look across the rows and headings in a table like Table 1 Someone has organized and listed the information The table is a comparison in brief so you can quickly find information Comparisons presented in a table have some of the work done for you when you are selecting the most suitable tools materials and processes Look carefully to compare the characteristics details and application This enables you to make the best choice Build from the base up Comparison comes in a variety of f
24. s Comparison of Information Page 7 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 All hard blades are heat treated all over This makes them very brittle and easily broken if misused Some comparisons show similarities and then point out differences by using words such as some many most different and unlike For example if most or some snips cut heavier gauge metals it means that some others will not Examples The carburetor float is a small sealed vessel made of brass or plastic Some carburetor floats are made of solid flotation materials so possible leakage is eliminated Piston heads are manufactured in many different shapes depending on the type of engine and use A different fuel system setup is required to supply LPG and natural gas than the conventional type used to supply gasoline When comparing information you might have to reread a few times to get all the details Examples These fires are put out by the same process as TYPE B but the extinguishing material must be electrically non conductive Recommended spark plugs for all models except 36S2 and 8S3 1 pumps is XXXX A DC generator works on the same principle as the alternator Magnetism is used to induce current in the generator windings however a generator differs from a simple alternator in three ways Words and phrases such as while but except unless on the other hand whe
25. w they different You also know how each type is used This description moves you gradually to a more detailed understanding It is organized so that you build your knowledge gradually Comparison through classification leads you to recognize the ways that something is similar to and different from others in its category You can then use this information to generalize about how each will function in the workplace Tables charts and lists Tables charts and lists are used to organize and compare information The information is easy to use for comparisons because it is already organized into categories You will find tables in manuals texts and on line Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 4 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Tables cover a wide variety of material from metric and imperial measurement to categories of fasteners You can use tables or lists to organize and compare information such as gear case clearance spark plugs and carburetors or the advantages and disadvantages of four and two stroke engines For learning and studying purposes you can convert information from a text into a list or table After organizing material into a table you can quickly recognize differences and similarities between products or techniques You can also add row or columns to your table as you learn more
26. you start read the headings to see what features functions or problems are compared Also read the footnote Cover all the details Communication Skills for The Small Motors Service Trades Comparison of Information Page 5 Access to Apprenticeship Revised Workplace Support Services Branch Ontario Ministry of Training Colleges and Universities 2011 Look at how Table 1 is organized and what it compares Answer the questions that follow Answers are at the end of this skills manual TABLE 1 FOUR CYCLE VS TWO CYCLE ENGINES Characteristics Four Cycle Engine Two Cycle Engine Equal horsepower hp Equal horsepower hp One cylinder One Cylinder Number of major Nine Three moving parts Power strokes Four strokes per operating cycle of Two strokes per operating cycle of intake compression power exhaust intake compression power and Two revolutions of crankshaft complete exhaust one four stroke cycle One revolution of crankshaft completes one two stroke cycle Running Cooler running Hotter running temperature Overall engine Larger camshaft valves tappets are Smaller simpler in design size necessary Versatility Limited slope operation because Lubrication not affected by angle of engine receives less lubrication when operation Can operate at extreme tilted angles Lubrication Usually splash or pump system Fuel oil mixture passed through engine Note The advantages and disadvantages of any engine are related di
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