Test and Measurement Instrument Security
Contents
1. s have a kit available that can also add easy rear panel accessibility view picture See below This doc ument does not detail the step by step instruc tions of how to remove the hard drive see ser vice manual for this Instead it documents the general steps needed to maintain security This document assumes that this spare hard drive is on hand Agilent has available a relatively inexpensive pre configured hard drive for the PNA which must be purchased in order for this security method to work Because there are two different CPU boards and different mounting methods the proper part number must be ordered See below e For any microwave PNA Stop Freq gt 10 GHz All have the new CPU Order model Z5623AHD2 This can be ordered at any time and can be specified with the purchase of the PNA It comes with a mounting tray and complete operating system It does not include mxcal files for your specific instrument see below e For RF PNAs Stop Freq lt 10 GHz with new CPU board Order E8801 60063 This is just a hard drive with the operating system on it Does not include mxcal files for your specific instrument see below e For RF PNAs with older CPU board Order E8356 60076 This is just a hard drive with the operating system on it Does not include mxcal files for your specific instrument see below e For any RF PNA To add the rear panel easy access kit contact Agilent The part number for this kit is E8356 62. September 2004 The USB ports can be disabled as follows VP22 1 Power on the instrument 2 During the black and white Agilent splash screen press the DEL key 3 Using the cursor keys select Integrated Peripherals and press ENTER 4 Highlight USB Controller Press ENTER then select Disabled press ENTER again 5 Press ESC to return to the Main Menu 6 Select Set Supervisor Password to set the BIOS password Press ENTER Enter new password Press ENTER Confirm new password Press ENTER 7 Press F10 to save settings and exit CMOS Setup Utility C815 1 Power on the instrument 2 During the black and white Agilent splash screen press F2 3 Using the left right cursor keys select the Advanced tab 4 Using the up down cursor keys select the Advanced Chipset Control listing Press ENTER 5 Select Embedded USB Device Press ENTER then select Disabled press ENTER again 6 Select Embedded USB Device 2 Press ENTER then select Disabled press ENTER again 7 Using the left right cursor keys select the Security tab Select Set Supervisor Password Enter new password Press ENTER Confirm new password Press ENTER 8 Press F10 to save settings and exit BIOS Setup Utility 11713A No memory To clear registers recycle power 11713B C EEPROM 4 save recall state will not clear by fac
3. board 512 MB RAM mother board 32 K NV RAM Intfc Assy 1 MK V RAM Intfc Assy 1 MK V RAM Disp Assy This procedure is applicable to Agilent Infiniium oscilloscope models 54830B D 54831B D 54832B D and 54833A D scopes The Agilent Infiniium oscilloscope can be declassified by performing three steps 1 Cycle power on the scope This clears all of the volatile RAM memory 2 Switch to Default Setups two consecutive times Push Default Setup key then immediately push Default Setup key again This process insures a generic setup in battery backed nonvolatile RAM on the scope interface assembly and generic setup in nonvolatile hard disc drive 3 Remove the hard disc drive from the instrument completely Replace with a separate hard disc drive an Infiniium hard drive containing no security issues Refer to the service manual for part number of the hard disc drive part for your scope The hard disc drive contains the Windows operating system Scope operating system setups waveform memories waveform files screen images and calibration data for the scope and probes All RAM information is duplicated on hard disc drive This enables proper startup and operation after a shut down This procedure declassifies all of the RAM as listed below There are 512 MB of RAM on the mother board There is also 32 K of nonvolatile RAM on the scope interface assembly which stores the last scope setting prior
4. calibration and user IQ calibra tion This action will be relatively quick taking less than one minute Note this is different than the current Delete All Files key under the Utility gt Memory Catalog gt More menu which deletes all user explicit files but not current table editor files Erase and Overurite All The command includes the Erase All procedure from above It then clears the memory according to the security standards defined by the United States Department of Defense DOD All addressable locations are overwritten with random characters in the SRAM DRAM and hard disk All addressable locations in the CPU flash also are overwritten with random charac ters and then the flash blocks are erased This is equivalent to erasing entire chip but is only done on the areas of the chip which are no lon ger in use Erase and Sanitize All The procedure undertakes the measures included in Erase and Overwrite All from above In clearing the SRAM the user is required to wait at least the same amount of time the instrument was used in the secure area to comply with SRAM sanitation Each overwrite must reside in memory for a longer period than the classified resided in memory Alternatively the SRAM battery could be removed and reinserted manually See issues below On the hard disk all addressable locations are overwritten with a single character its comple ment then a random character and then verified Note
5. in security sensitive applications the information is easily erased to DOD standards using built in utilities 20 In many cases it is imperative that the PNA be used in a secured environment Generally these secured environments will not allow any test equipment to leave the area unless it can be proven that all devices capable of maintaining memory have been thoroughly erased This in conjunction with the Windows operating system presents some difficulties when the PNA must be transported to a non secure environment such as a repair calibration facility Please note that some of this information is dependent upon the CPU board used in your PNA For purposes of this document these are divided into older CPU and newer CPU You can easily determine which of these you have by looking at the rear panel USB port on the CPU board If it is horizontal it is an older CPU board otherwise it is a newer board All PNAs shipped since about March 2002 have the newer CPU board Battery information There are no batteries in the PNA other than the one used to power the clock chip on the CPU board Types of memory The PNA has several types of memory e The PNA has 64 512 MB of SDRAM in one or two SODIMMs but this is volatile memory and it loses its memory as soon as power is removed This is not a security concern e The main nonvolatile device is of course the hard drive As of this writing it is a 10 GB laptop har
6. of files or instrument memory Be sure to read this docu ment entirely before proceeding with any file deletion or memory clearing Types of internal memory that can store user information DRAM This memory is volatile so any information stored by the instrument in this area is lost when the instrument is turned off This is the memory that the instrument uses to run its processes out of SRAM This memory stores such system information as e Self alignment data e Current time amp date e Remote interface configuration e Printer setup information e Last state settings e Segmented sweep settings ESA E analyzers only e Misc instrument system information This memory is battery backed up so it is not lost when the power is removed from the instrument FLASH This is where the instrument stores e Instrument firmware operating system e Installed measurement personalities ESA analyzers only e Option license keys ESA analyzers only e Loaded user limit lines e Loaded user amplitude correction factors e User preset data The user C drive is also stored in this memory which could contain the following file types that the user can save internally e Instrument states and setups e Trace data e Limit line files e Screen images e Amplitude correction files e Reports EMC analyzers only e Signal lists EMC analyzers only This memory is nonvolatile so nothing is lost when the instrument power
7. test systems to help engineers design validate and manufacture electronic products Agilent offers open connectivity for a broad range of system ready instruments open industry software PC standard 1 0 and global support which are combined to more easily integrate test system development Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice www agilent com www agilent com find ad For more information on Agilent Technologies products applications or services please contact your local Agilent office The complete list is available at www agilent com find contactus Americas Canada Latin America United States Asia Pacific 877 894 4414 305 269 7500 800 829 4444 Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Korea Malaysia Singapore Taiwan Thailand 1 800 629 485 800 810 0189 800 938 693 1 800 112 929 0120 421 345 080 769 0800 1 800 888 848 1 800 375 8100 0800 047 866 1 800 226 008 Europe amp Middle East Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Israel Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 01 36027 71571 32 0 2 404 93 40 45 70 13 15 15 358 0 10 855 2100 0825 010 700 0 125 minute 07031 464 6333 1890 924 204 972 3 9288 504 544 39 02 92 60 8484 31 0 20 547 2111 34 91 631 3300 0200 88 22 55 0800 80 53 53 44 0 118 9276201 Other European Countries www agilent com
8. 0120 but it is not orderable directly This is just a mounting kit and does not include the extra hard drive As shipped from the factory all PNAs have very little unique information stored on the hard drive This allows one hard drive to function on most any PNA assuming it has the appropriate type of CPU However there are a few small instrument specific files that contain some fac tory correction data For best performance these should be copied to whichever hard drive is being used These files are not critical and in fact are not even needed if a full user calibra tion is performed before measurement data is taken These files all begin with mxcalfiles and are located in the directory C Program Files Agilent Network Analyzer There may be several of these files all of them about 10 kB in size Whenever a new PNA is received these files should be backed up to a floppy disk Don t for get to label the disk with the model serial num ber This will save you the trouble of performing service adjustment routines should the hard drive ever fail in the future Step by step security These steps should be followed to maintain security 1 Whenever a new PNA is received or if this step has not yet been done copy any files that begin with mxcalfiles to a floppy disk This disk should be maintained in a non secure area 2 Purchase the appropriate spare hard drive and keep it with the above floppy disk Clearly mark this h
9. 63A 6XE EC Sequence Annotation DISPLAY MORE ANNOT ON OFF DISPLAY MORE 1 OF 2 ANNOT ON OFF Graticule DISPLAY MORE GRAT ON OFF DISPLAY MORE 1 OF 2 GRAT ON OFF Disp Line DISPLAY DISPL LIN ON OFF DISPLAY DISPL LIN ON OFF Threshold DISPLAY THRESHLD ON OFF DISPLAY THRESHLD ON OFF Frequency DISPLAY MORE FREQ DSP OFF DISPLAY MORE 1 OF 2 FREQ DSP OFF Trace TRACE BLANK A or BLANK B TRACE BLANK A or BLANK B Soft keys HOLD HOLD Executing all of the above sequences can totally blank the display The blanking can be reversed by similar key sequences or by pressing PRESET 23 Frequency offset A frequency offset for absolute frequency read outs such as center frequency can be entered For the 8561A and 8562A B models press FREQUENCY MORE FREQ OFFSET and use the data entry keys For the 8560A 8561B 8563A and 856XE EC models press FREQUENCY FREQ OFFSET and use the data entry keys The frequency offset is cleared by pressing PRESET or by entering an offset of 0 Hz User memory trace storage Up to seven traces can be saved in trace storage registers If the traces are named the name will be stored as a soft key label for the register in which the trace was stored The trace register and its corresponding soft key can be cleared by pressing PRESET and storing the preset state of the instrument in that register Repeat this process for all seven trace register
10. Test and Measurement Instrument Security Application Note 4 Agilent Technologies Introduction This document describes security features and the steps to perform a security erase for select Agilent test and measurement instruments For additional information please go to www agilent com find ad and click on the instrument security link Memory Clearing Operations for Agilent Test and Measurement Instruments The following table provides detailed instructions to clear storage on various Agilent instruments Product Number Storage How to Clear Storage 32220A N6700A USB port 548XX 16900 167X 168X The Agilent function generator 33220A and new modular power supply N6700A both have a USB 2 0 port as standard but only support device side USB The only way to extract data from the USB port would be to use an external PC and use a PC application In addition the USB connector on these products does not use the standard computer side USB connector and current available memory sticks will not plug in to either of these products Infiniium scopes 548XX and all logic analyzers 16900 167X 168X have USB ports and additionally are PC based instruments and run MS Windows They have fully functioning PCs inside with hard drives and memory The products use one of two PC boards either a VP22 Infinitum and the six slot 16900 models and the three slot 16900 167X and 168X use an SC815 Infiniium is moving to the SC815 in
11. alyzers 62A 63A 61B 62B 60E 61E 62E 63E 64E 65E 60EC 61EC 62EC 63EC 64EC 65EC 8563E s n lt 3305A If there isn t a mass memory module present or if the module does not same procedure 128 K Display RAM contain DLP s preset the analyzer and save the preset states and as 8563EC 1 2 M RAM traces into each trace and state register to declassify the instrument 16 K EEPROM Another method would be to remove the battery and leave power off for 12 M UVEPROM at least one hour Ensure that Error 718 BATTERY message appears s n gt 3310A on CRT at power up 128 K Display RAM 4M RAM 16 K EEPROM 8 M UVEPROM Firmware Rev gt 931216 128 K Display RAM 4M RAM 64 K EEPROM 12 M UVEPROM 8722ES 512 K NVROM See Chapter 12 in User s Guide The 2M RAM can be increased depending 2M V RAM on options To clear press Save Recall Clear Register Clear All then Preset and cycle the power 81101A 128 K NV RAM All memory locations that hold any setup information needs to be PCMCIA Memory overwritten The 81101A has 10 memory locations 0 9 Memory location Card Slot zero holds the default setup Memory locations 1 9 can be used to store any other setups By recalling locations 1 9 and overwriting them with information in memory location zero the generator is not holding any user setup but the default one All customer has to do is 1 Press the Shift blue key 2 Press the Recall key same key that says store but when you are
12. ar on the display Remote commands Commands that control the display and trace state storage are listed in the table below Consult the Operating and Programming manual on the proper use of these commands Some of the commands can have a large effect on program operation In addition the BASIC command LLO Local Lockout can be exercised by the controller on the GPIB to prevent front panel keyboard access Command Description ANNOT Turns annotation on or off DL Turns display line on or off FDSP Turns all frequency display annotation off GRAT Turns graticule on or off PSTATE Protect saved states HD Disables data entry and blanks active function on display readout SAVET Save specified trace data BLANK Stores and blanks specified trace data SAVES Saves specified state Downloadable programs DLPs in the 85620A mass memory module The 8560 Series spectrum analyzers have no internal DLP storage capability DLPs are stored in the mass memory module which mates to the rear panel of the analyzer DLPs are either stored on a removable memory card or in the user RAM of the module DLPs stored in a memory card can be removed by simply removing the card DLPs stored in RAM can be erased by using the DISPOSE ALL remote command The mass memory module can also be removed from the instrument rear panel once power has been removed Security recommendations Cleared operator in a controlled area Use annotation frequency or displ
13. ard drive as unsecured In the event the secure PNA needs to be used elsewhere or if it needs servicing e Remove the secure hard drive label it as secured if desired and keep it in the secured area e Remove the PNA from the secured area and install the unsecured hard drive e If not previously done copy the mxcalfiles from the floppy disk to the directory listed above The PNA can now be used elsewhere or sent for servicing without fear of leaking any sensi tive information When the PNA needs to be returned to the secured area follow the below steps Any servicing of the PNA may include the regeneration of correction constants Most of these are contained in the on board EEPROMs so no action is necessary The only exception is with the mxcalfiles see below 1 Ifthe PNA was sent out for servicing you should first check to see if any of the mxcalfiles have been updated check the last modified date If so these updated files should be copied to a floppy disk so that they can be updated on the secured hard drive 2 Remove the unsecured hard drive transport the PNA to the secured area and replace the hard drive with the secured version 3 Ifthe mxcalfiles have changed copy all new files saved to the floppy disk to the directory listed above 4 Also if the PNA was sent out for servicing it might have had its firmware updated see below for more information about this 21 22 Additional note
14. ay blanking to conceal classified information Cleared operator in proximity to an uncon trolled area Use annotation frequency or display blanking to conceal classified information Preset the spec trum analyzer and save the preset states in the instrument state and trace registers to clear the analyzer of any classified information Uncleared operator in an uncontrolled area A local lockout LLO can be programmed over the GPIB to disable the analyzer front panel This will prevent an operator from altering front panel settings See that the analyzer user RAM has been cleared by removing the battery for at least one hour with the line power off To verify that the user RAM has been cleared look for the Error 718 BATTERY message on the display If an 85620A mass memory module is present clear any DLPs in RAM by using the DISPOSE ALL remote command Remove DLPs in the memory card by removing the card With the analyzer power off the entire mass memory module can be removed from the instrument rear panel Moving an analyzer from a controlled area to an uncontrolled area If there isn t a mass memory module present or if the module does not contain DLPs preset the spectrum analyzer and save the preset state and trace to each trace and state register to declassify the instrument Another method of declassification would be to remove the battery and leave the instrument power off for at least one hour Make sur
15. d after the instrument has been repaired or they can be destroyed Other security factors Given that firmware commands are an inherent part of the virtually all electronic equipment there are some security measures which may be impractical to implement These relate to the following areas SRAM According to DOD sanitize standards a back up battery should be removed This requires opening the instrument and thus voiding the warranty The alternative is to perform a DOD clear and then wait for a period longer then the instrument was in use Solutions include adding a software controlled battery switch adding an externally removable battery tray or describing how to dis assemble and remove the battery FLASH Since the factory calibration files are stored along with the user files a chip erase cannot be performed However selective block erase achieves the same purpose DRAM This area of memory is ignored in security features since its content is lost erased after powering down the instrument Conclusion Aglient s signal generators combine outstanding RF and microwave performance and baseband generation to deliver calibrated test signals at baseband IF and RF microwave frequencies While the nature of the equipment requires the storage and use of data generator features and operating practices can be combined to effec tively safeguard data during the generator s use To ensure data protection
16. d drive This is a security concern e Newer CPU boards have a compact flash header which could contain nonvolatile compact flash memory however none is installed at the time of shipment This was for possible future uses but has not been implemented The presence of any compact flash card is not dealt with in this document e Each board assembly may have one two or three serial EEPROM devices These devices hold only 512 bytes each and are not generally user accessible These contain information related to the installed hardware such as board serial number options correction constants offsets DAC values etc This data is required to make the PNA functional This data can be changed only by factory personnel or by calibration labs when performing adjustments No user data is stored in these locations Maintaining the PNA in a secured environment Maintaining security Because it is virtually impossible to completely and selectively erase all user data on a hard drive without also destroying the operating system the best method for maintaining security when the PNA must be removed from a secure area is to replace the hard drive with a non secure hard drive i e a drive that has never had any sensitive data placed on it This allows the PNA to still function properly in non secured areas or for use when servicing All microwave PNAs stop freq gt 10 GHz have an easily accessible hard drive on the rear panel RF PNA
17. e that the Error 718 BATTERY message appears on the display when the instru ment is powered up If a mass memory module is present and contains a DLP remove the mem ory card and clear the user RAM by executing the DISPOSE ALL remote command 25 26 Memory allocation The following table applies to instruments as they were originally shipped from the factory Model Serial prefix Display RAM RAM EEPROM UBEPROM 8561A lt 3040A 128 K 512 K 16 K 3M 8562A gt 3051A 128 K 512 K 16 K 4M 8562B 8560A lt 2925A 128 K 640 K 16 K 4M 8561B 2928A 3204A 128 K 1 2M 16 K 4M gt 3206A 128 K 1 2M 16 K 8 M 8563A lt 2925A 128 K 640 K 16 K 4M 3207A 128 K 1 2M 16 K 4M gt 3216A 128 K 1 2M 16 K 8 M 8560E lt 3305A 128 K 1 2M 16 K 12 M 8561E gt 3310A 128 K 4M 16 K 12 M 8562E Firmware 128 K 4M 64 K 12 M 8563E gt 931216 8564E 8565E 8560EC All 128 K 4M 64 K 12 M 8561EC 8562EC 8563EC 8564EC 8565EC Includes 4 M for 85629B test and adjustment module This page intentionally left blank 27 ia Agilent Email Updates www agilent com find emailupdates Get the latest information on the products and applications you select Agilent Direct www agilent com find agilentdirect Quickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence Agilent f Open aay www agilent com find open Agilent Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming
18. es of memory 1 Nonvolatile EEPROM Contains no measurement related information carrier frequency offset frequency power level etc It does contain its own instrument type option info instrument serial number signal path and other calibration data This memory contains only calibration constants and operational firmware It does not store any measurement data whatsoever and erasing it would require complete re calibration of the instrument 2 Volatile RAM Instrument state info This memory is erased when power is removed from the instrument N550xA downconverters contain two types of memory 1 Nonvolatile EEPROM this memory contains only calibration constants calibration instrument interface address info YTF cal data and operational firmware It does not store any measurement data whatsoever and erasing it would require complete re calibration of the instrument 2 Volatile RAM Instrument state info This memory is erased when power is removed from the instrument N5508A microwave source stand alone is also used in A D applications It contains two types of memory 1 Nonvolatile EEPROM this memory contains only calibration constants reference source interface address info but no frequency information YTF cal data and operational firmware It does not store any measurement data whatsoever and erasing it would require complete re calibration of the instrument 2 Volatile RAM Instrument state info This me
19. example to retrieve the license key for the ESA phase noise measurement utility Option 226 use SYST LKEY 226 This will need to be done for each licensed option that is installed To obtain a list of the installed licensed options in an instrument Press System More 1 of 2 More 2 of 3 Personalities License keys will need to be saved for all licensed options listed Recovering from clearing the instrument memory DRAM No recovery required The information in this memory is built by the instrument every time it is turned on SRAM Once the SRAM is cleared and the instrument has finished powering up cycle the power once again to load all installed measurements The System Alignments Align Now All Required message will be displayed on the screen You will need to manually perform a front panel alignment of the instrument before using it Follow the key press sequence in the on screen message to do this being sure to connect the AMPTD REF OUT to the RF INPUT if the instrument is equipped with one Refer to your instrument s Getting Started Guide if further instructions are required on how this is done If the instrument has a remote interface and it was configured to anything other than the default settings it will need to be re configured This would include the settings for both the remote control interface as well as the parallel printer port FLASH At this point the instrument will not functi
20. ferent places that user information could be saved as well as information on how to delete it without totally erasing the instrument memory Of course this may not be as secure of an erase as clearing the memory would be but it will help to find all of the information that could contain classified information The following are locations where user information can be stored e Saved user files on the C drive e Loaded Amplitude correction data e Loaded Limit Line data e User Preset e Last state settings e Trace registers e Segmented Sweep settings ESA E analyzer only e Signal List EMC analyzer only Clearing the individual types of user information Saved user files on the C drive Press File Delete then select and delete all files of the following types e SET instrument setup e STA instrument state e TRC trace amp state e CSV trace amp state e LIM limit line e GIF screen image e BMP screen image e ANT antenna corrections e CBL cable corrections e OTH other corrections e AMP user corrections e LIS signal list EMC analyzer only e HTM report EMC analyzer only Loaded Amplitude correction data Press Amplitude More 1 of 3 Corrections More 1 of 2 Delete All Corrections Delete All Corrections Loaded Limit Line data Press Display Limits Delete All Limits Delete All Limits User Preset Press Preset Factory Preset if displayed System Power On Preset Sa
21. find contactus Revised March 24 2009 Agilent Technologies Inc 2004 2009 Printed in USA April 14 2009 5989 1216EN oh Agilent Technologies
22. ge media None of the storage media can leave the secure area The instrument without storage media can leave the secure area to be repaired For this scenario use the procedures noted in Hardware Removal Using security commands The built in security features of Agilent signal generators are accessed by various methods depending upon the element of the generator to be secured Memory Memory security features are accessible by soft key menus on the front panel and by SCPI commands through the remote interface Key entry Options for erasing memory are obtained through a series of keystrokes Utility Memory Catalog More Erase All Confirm Delete Utility Memory Catalog More Erase and Overwrite All Confirm Delete Utility Memory Catalog More Erase and Sanitize All Confirm Delete SCPI commands To erase memory from a remote location SCPI commands can be sent to the signal generator SYStem SECUrity ERASeall SYStem SECUrity OVERwrite SYStem SECUrity SANitize These three commands perform as described below Erase All This procedure removes all user files and user information so they are not accessible through the instrument interface This action will remove only the file references and clear all table editors without sanitizing the memory The instrument will appear in a similar state as it was shipped from the factory The action will include all user files table editor contents user flatness
23. in handy when a user forgets their password The password for this account is unique to each instrument and is encrypted based upon the serial number This security is sufficient for non critical usage but any high security loca tion will probably want to delete this account However if the administrator password is then forgotten the entire hard drive will have to be replaced in order to make the unit functional again For more information go to http na tm agilent com pna security html You can access the Web site via the Help menu on the PNA There is also information on how to remove frequency information from the screen and printouts under Help Includes program that makes USB mass storage devices unable to store data from the USB port on the PNA The program is on the Maintaining the PNA in a Secured Environment Web page Be sure that all information stored by the user in the instrument that needs to be saved is properly backed up before attempting to clear any of the instrument memory Agilent cannot be held responsible for any lost files or data resulting from the clearing of memory In most cases there will be no user prompts to confirm the clearing or deleting of files or instrument memory Be sure to read this document entirely before proceeding with any A Series B Series E Series EC Series 8560A file deletion or memory clearing Memory types and usage The 8560 Series portable spectrum analyzers contain process
24. in shift mode this is now the recall key 3 Press 0 to recall settings in memory location zero default settings 4 Press the Store key you are not in shift mode anymore so this is now the store key 5 Press 1 to store default settings in memory location one 6 Repeat process for all other memory locations 2 through 9 N897xA Floppy drive Noise figure analyzers NFA Flash EEPROM DRAM 1 There is a floppy drive on the NFA this cannot be removed easily or disabled 2 There is not a USB on the NFA 3 The instrument security documentation can be found on the http www agilent com find ad Web site 4 The N897xA NFA Series contains 8 MB of Flash EEPROM which is used to store the instrument firmware and any files the user has saved to internal memory The N897xA NFA Series also contains 16 M of DRAM which is used during normal operation The instrument firmware is loaded from Flash into DRAM on power up The DRAM also stores current user files e g ENR files limit lines etc How To Erase Clear User Data In an ESA EMC Spectrum Analyzer for Security Reasons Warnings Be sure that all information stored by the user in the instrument that needs to be saved is properly backed up before attempting to clear any of the instrument memory Agilent cannot be held responsible for any lost files or data resulting from the clearing of memory In most cases there will be no user prompts to confirm the clearing or deleting
25. is removed Clearing the different types of memory DRAM This memory is volatile All you have to do is remove the power to the instrument and all data stored in it will be lost SRAM This is volatile memory that is kept alive with an internal battery and the battery cannot be removed to clear the memory without taking the instrument apart However there is a procedure that can be used to have the instrument clear most of this memory itself To clear the SRAM memory follow this proce dure e Turn the instrument Off e Turn the instrument back On while holding down both the ESC amp Return front panel keys Continue hold these two keys for 10 second after pressing the On button e The instrument will now clear it s SRAM memory and then power up Information such as the current time and date will not be erased by this procedure FLASH This type of memory will hold its information indefinitely without any backup supply It will have to be erased electronically There is a pro cedure that can be used to make the instrument completely clear this memory itself Since the FLASH memory does contain all of the files required to operate the instrument you will want to be sure that you have what is needed to restore it to an operating condition after is has been cleared This would include such things as Instrument firmware disk set e Measurement personality disk sets ESA analyzers only e In
26. mory is erased when power is removed from the instrument 6624A 128 K NV EPROM Recycle power 6654A 2 K EEPROM 64K RAM The 664x 665x 667x 668x amp 6610x family of supplies have the same 512 K ROM 0 NVRAM interface There are five 5 nonvolatile store recall states you may save output voltage and current settings along with protection features To remove the stored stated you must do a RST to each state saved or purposefully store 0 in each location from the front panel These supplies will always come up at turn on to the state stored in state zero The calibration of voltage and current occupy 256 K of ROM and are password secured during calibration The remainder of ROM is power supply firmware and is not customer accessible N6700A Mainframe The N6700A is a mainframe that can have up to four power supply 1 KB EEPROM modules installed Flash memory contains only instrument firmware 8 MB Flash RAM is volatile Mainframe and module EEPROM contain internal system 32 MB RAM parameters plus some customer data such as I O configuration user Each module preferences and saved instrument states All customer data can be 2 KB EEPROM reset from the front panel by using the menu Select the System Preferences Security ResetNvRam dialog box and then press the Reset button 8114A 6 128 K by 8 bit EPROM The EPROM s contain no customer data The RAM has nine locations 2128 K by 8 bit RAM for cust
27. move the hard disc drive from the instrument completely Replace with a separate hard disc drive an Infiniium hard drive containing no security issues Refer to the service manual for the part numbers for the hard disc drive for your scope The hard disc drive contains the Windows operating system Scope operating system setups waveform memories waveform files screen images and calibration data for the scope and probes All RAM information is duplicated on hard disc drive This enables proper startup and operation after a shut down This procedure declassifies all of the RAM as listed below There are 64 MB of RAM on the mother board There is also 32 K of nonvolatile RAM on the scope interface assembly which stores the last scope setting prior to power down Switching to default setups insures that a known and consistent set of information is stored in this RAM Finally there is volatile RAM on the display assembly There is 1 MB volatile video RAM for save waveform display data and 1 MB volatile display RAM for screen colors This RAM is used to aid in multiplexing the graticule and alphanumeric information with the dynamic waveform information of the acquisition section of the oscilloscope This procedure will insure that all setup and measurement information is removed from all models of the Infiniium oscilloscopes 54830B D 54831B D 54832B D 54833A D 20 GB hard drive 120 MB floppy disk drive 512 MB RAM mother
28. need to be sent to an Agilent Service Center to be restored to operating condition The functionality and usage of disks one two and three are fully described in the user instructions E4416A E4417A E4418B E4419B SRAM FLASH EEPROM Power meters EPM amp EPM P 1 There are no floppy drives USB interfaces on the power meters 2 The instrument security documentation can be found on the http www agilent com find ad Web site 3 The EPM Series power meters have a total memory capacity of 1 5 Mb This comprises of 1 Mb SRAM and 0 5 Mb FLASH EEPROM The 1 Mb SRAM is further divided into two 0 5 Mb chunks one of which may be considered nonvolatile due to the on board lithium backup battery When the memory is cleared for security purposes both the volatile and nonvolatile chunks of the SRAM are erased The FLASH EEPROM is not erased during this procedure as it is only used to store the instrument firmware it does not contain any user data and is therefore not a security concern 4 The EPM P Series power meters have a total memory capacity of 3 Mb This comprises of 2 Mb SRAM and 1 Mb FLASH EEPROM The 2 Mb SRAM is further divided into two 1 Mb chunks one of which may be considered nonvolatile due to the on board lithium backup battery When the memory is cleared for security purposes both the volatile and nonvolatile chunks of the SRAM are erased The FLASH EEPROM is not erased during this procedure as it is only u
29. omer data To purge customer data overwrite all nine locations with the standard settings as follows Load the standard settings press SHIFT RECALL 0 Then store the settings in the other nine registers Press STORE 1 Press STORE 2 Press STORE 9 83020A No memory E836x Removable hard drive Please see page 20 for detailed information on how to maintain the PNA in a secured environment 83630B 500 K UVEPROM 32 K Blanking display press MENU MORE SECURITY MENU BLANK S N lt 3104A This EEPROM 260 K DISPLAY turns off the four lines of display and deactivation is only by NV RAM presetting synthesizer 83630B 1M UVEPROM 64K Blanking frequency display press MENU MORE SECURITY MORE S N 3104A EEPROM 780 K ZERO FREQ Zeros are displayed in freq And deactivation is only by NV RAM presetting synth Clearing memory press MENU MORE SECURITY MENU CLEAR MEMORY When CLEAR MEMORY is selected synth Displays OF TIMES TO CLEAR MEMORY X Enter the number of times the state info Should be overwritten with all 1 s and 0 s This writes 1 s and 0 s over all instrument states save recall registers and frequency lists a selectable of times and return the synth To factory preset state 84813A No memory 84904K No memory 84907K No memory 8560 Series See page 23 for detailed information on security procedures for the 8560A 61A Agilent 8560 Series of portable spectrum an
30. on as there is no operating system installed To install the instrument firmware operating system and return the instrument to an operating condition do the following e Insert the firmware loader disk into the floppy drive and turn the instrument power on e Follow the on screen prompts to install the firmware and measurement suite e When the installation is complete Press System More 1 of 3 Restore Sys Defaults Restore Sys Defaults The System Alignments Align Now All Required message will be displayed on the screen You will need to manually perform a front panel alignment of the instrument before using it Follow the key press sequence in the on screen message to do this being sure to connect the AMPTD REF OUT to the RF INPUT if the instrument is equipped with one Refer to your instrument s Getting Started Guide if further instructions are required on how this is done If optional measurement personalities were installed ESA analyzers only you will now need to re install them and their license keys Refer to the User s Guide for these mea surement personalities for detailed instructions on how this is done Before re installing any measurement personalities it would be best to verify that the latest versions are being used To find a listing of all the latest versions go to http www agilent com find esa_revisions Deleting user information without clearing memory This is a list of all of the dif
31. or assemblies which employ different types of memory These are RAM UVEPROM and EEPROM RAM Battery backed RAM is used to store instrument states user preselector peaks and for trace storage RAM which is not backed up by battery is used for the instrument s scratch pad This portion of RAM is erased when the instrument power is turned off Additional RAM is used for the display Security Procedure for Agilent 8560 Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers UVEPROM Processor firmware which determines instru ment functionality resides in the UVEPROM Firmware is programmed onto chips which are in sockets and can be readily changed to incorporate later enhancements and bug fixes EEPROM The EEPROM contains the instrument s serial ID string model number flatness calibration data preselector tuning data microcircuit bias values external mixer conversion loss factors focus and intensity values and elapsed time data See the table at the end of this document for more details on instrument memory capacity Downloadable Programs DLPs can be used with these instruments only with an 85620A mass memory module which has built in RAM for these programs DLPs do not reside in the spectrum analyzer itself Disabling display parameters Various portions of the display can be turned off by a simple key sequence The sequence depends on the instrument model number as described below Function 61A 62A B Sequence 60A 61B
32. r longer than a few seconds SRAM Certain user editable data table editors last state and last state back up state storage Generator board Memory contents do not get erased by turning off the power because the memory is connected to a back up battery The battery is located on the processor board in the E82x7C or on the mother board in the E4438C CPU flash User files including flatness calibration IQ calibration instrument states waveforms modulation definitions sweep lists firmware code and factory calibrations Processor board Memory contents cannot be removed by turning off power A low level erase procedure will completely clean the contents in a single cycle Note since this memory contains both factory data and user data a full chip erase is not desirable However user data areas can be selectively and completely sanitized Other flash Factory calibration and information files code images and self test limits RF boards baseband generator board motherboard Memory remains intact through power cycles however there is no security concern because there is no user information in this memory Hard disk User files including flatness calibrations IQ calibration instrument states waveforms modulation definitions and sweep lists Note the hard disk is an option and is therefore not present in some instruments If it is present the listed files are stored on
33. rming the 4 M total for all digital following eight steps channels V RAM 1 Remove signals from front panel acquisition 2 Press the Save Recall front panel key 16 K NV RAM 3 Press Default setup soft key scope setups 4 Press the Save soft key 128 K NV RAM 5 Press the To soft key and select INTERN_0 waveform traces 6 Press the Press to Save soft key This stores the default set and trace base line to trace memory and setup memory INTERN_O 7 Repeat steps 5 and 6 for INTERN_1 and INTERN_2 and INTERN_3 8 With no signal attached to the scope press the Autoscale key twice to ensure that the undo autoscale memory is cleared 54810A 15A 6 GB hard drive This procedure is applicable to Agilent HP Infiniium oscilloscope models 20A 25A 35A 120 MB floppy disk drive 54810A 54815A 54820A 54825A 54835A 54845A B and 54846A B 45A 45B 46A 64 MB RAM 46B mother board The Agilent HP Infiniium oscilloscope can be declassified by 32 K NV RAM performing three steps Intfc Assy 1 Cycle power on the scope This clears all of the volatile RAM memory 1M V RAM 2 Switch to Default Setups two consecutive times Push Default Intfc Assy Setup key then immediately push Default Setup key again 1M V RAM This process insures a generic setup in battery backed nonvolatile Disp Assy RAM on the scope interface assembly and generic setup in nonvolatile hard disc drive 3 Re
34. s Firmware that has been updated on the unsecured hard drive during servicing can usually be cop ied to a memory media and used to update the secured hard drive The recommended method is to use 64 MB or more USB key drives a k a pen drives to copy the firmware upgrade file a USB CD RW could also be used but is much more difficult This firmware installation file usually resides on the D Upgrades Firmware directory If not the latest version can always be obtained via the Internet Any account names and passwords that have been created on either hard drive will not be available on the other drive unless they are manually installed generally this is a security advantage The use of another hard drive will generate a new Network ID computer name for the PNA upon initial boot up If this is not desired the Network ID should be changed immediately after boot up See your system s administrator for complete information Other issues It has been suggested that the USB may pose a security risk mainly due to the proliferation of USB pen drives that are very small and can store up to 2 GB of data There are ways to prevent the operation of these devices without affecting the USB mouse or keyboard Contact Agilent for more information or download this USB secu rity word document for details As shipped the PNA has a back up adminis trator account that is designed to be used by Agilent service personnel This also comes
35. s Clear trace storage memory by pressing SAVE SAVE TRACE A or SAVE TRACE B then the appro priate trace register User memory instrument states Up to ten instrument states can be stored in instrument state registers Instrument states include frequency amplitude bandwidth and other settings As with trace storage the states can be named to label their soft key These registers can also be cleared by storing the instrument preset state in them State storage is accessed by pressing SAVE SAVE STATE then the appropriate State register To clear the Last State all that needs to be done is to press PRESET twice The instrument s Power On state is also saved by pressing SAVE PWR ON STATE This can also be cleared by saving the preset state to it Removing the memory backup battery User memory is retained in an internal lithium battery silver oxide in 8562A option H50 and H51 User memory can be cleared by removing the battery and leaving the line switch off for over one hour Remove the battery by remov ing the two screws on the battery cover on the instrument s rear panel The battery can then be removed from the battery holder The battery voltage to the RAM is controlled by a battery manager circuit and stored in a capacitor on the A2 controller board Shorting the terminals on the battery holder will not accelerate memory erasure When the RAM is cleared an error 718 BATTERY message will appe
36. s four use scenarios are pro vided 1 The instrument is moved between users or shared by many users In this instance security measures may necessitate that all user files and information be cleared to prohibit other users from accessing this information through the instrument interface In this scenario we assume that other people will not take the instrument apart and analyze the internal chips or storage media For this scenario use the Erase All feature described in Using Security Commands The instrument is used in a secure area In this circumstance people walking past should not be able to access the instrument or read any information from the display Remote access through the I O ports is limited or controlled For this scenario the front panel must be used to blank the display and access to the I O ports must be controlled Refer to Using Security Commands The instrument is moved from a secure area to an insecure area When the signal generator is relocated from a secure area to an insecure area all user information must be removed The information should not be recoverable even if someone takes the instrument apart and analyzes the storage media For this scenario use the Erase and Sanitize All feature described in Using Security Commands The instrument fails in a secure area and must leave the secure area to be repaired This case means that the instrument is not functioning and cannot clear its own stora
37. sed to store the instrument firmware it does not contain any user data and is therefore not a security concern E4438C E8247C E8257C E8267C See page 16 for security issues and solutions of the Agilent signal generators 54621A 1 44 MB floppy disk drive This procedure is applicable to Agilent HP Infiniium oscilloscope 2 M V RAM display models 54621A 54621D 54622A 54622D 54624A 2 M per analog channel V RAM acquisition The Agilent HP Infiniium oscilloscope can be declassified by 4 M total for all digital performing the following eight steps channels V RAM 1 Remove signals from front panel acquisition 2 Press the Save Recall front panel key 12 K NV RAM 3 Press Default setup soft key scope setups 4 Press the Save soft key 96 K NV RAM 5 Press the To soft key and select INTERN_0 waveform traces 6 Press the Press to Save soft key This stores the default set and trace base line to trace memory and setup memory INTERN_O 7 Repeat steps 5 and 6 for INTERN_1 and INTERN_2 8 With no signal attached to the scope press the Autoscale key twice to ensure that the undo autoscale memory is cleared 54641A 1 44 MB floppy disk drive This procedure is applicable to Agilent Infiniium oscilloscope models 2 M V RAM display 54641A 54641D 54642A 54642D 4 M per analog channel V RAM acquisition Infiniium oscilloscope can be declassified by perfo
38. splay assembly There is 1 MB volatile video RAM for save waveform display data and 1 MB volatile display RAM for screen colors This RAM is used to aid in multiplexing the graticule and alphanumeric information with the dynamic waveform information of the acquisition section of the oscilloscope This procedure will insure that all setup and measurement information is removed from all models of the Infiniium oscilloscopes If the user loads a waveform to one of the four waveform memories Setup gt Waveform Memory gt Pick a waveform memory and a source gt Load from waveform or load from file this waveform memory will persist after power is cycled even if default setup is pressed twice before shutting off To clear waveform memories and all other user data in all memory locations in 5483XB D and 5485XA scopes Control gt Factory default OR To clear the waveform memories Close the scope application File gt Exit Open a command prompt window Start gt Command Prompt Type cd scope memories press Enter Type del wfm press Enter E5505A Nonvolatile EEPROM Volatile RAM Nothing is stored in any of the N550xA instruments with power off that could be construed as being related to measurement parameters frequency power etc All non unique supported instruments in the E5505A systems have their own memory and are not covered by the E5505A N5500A phase noise test set contains two typ
39. stalled option license keys If there are any user saved files on the C drive that need to be saved they can be copied to a floppy disk inserted into the A drive then re stored at a later time To clear the FLASH memory follow this procedure e Turn the instrument Off e Turn the instrument back On while holding down both the ESC amp View Trace front panel keys Continue to hold these two keys for 10 seconds after pressing the On button e The instrument will now clear it s flash memory e Allow 10 minutes for this process to complete as there will be no visual indication of when it is done Unplug the instrument to turn it off as the Standby button will not work at this point Since this memory contains the instrument firmware operating system the instrument will be non functional at this point You will need to refer to the section below to determine what is needed to return it to an operating condition 1 Both SRAM and FLASH can be cleared at the same time if all three of the ESC Return amp View Trace front panel keys are held down during this process 2 Ifa disk set of the latest version of instrument firmware is needed go to http www agilent com find esa_firmware for ESA analyzers http www agilent com find emc_firmware for EMC analyzers 3 To retrieve license key information from an instrument the following remote query needs to be used SYST LKEY option number For
40. structions 3 EraseUserFiles EXE contains disk two the Erase User Files Routine The user file erase routine will eliminate several user files in the PSA memory The instrument s display will indicate the removal of the respective files as they are being removed The memory consists of TRACE STATE LIMITS SCREEN CORRECTION AND LAST STATE information The user erase selectively erases all of the user information that is stored on internal FLASH memory Erase is defined as writing the single character 1 over these memory locations Download this file to a freshly formatted 3 5 floppy disk and execute it it will extract the Erase User Files required to remove all user files from your PSA Refer to the user instructions for detailed installation instructions WIPESA EXE contains disk three the WIPESA Routine The WIPESA routine erases the PSA s operating system which will render the instrument inoperable Disk three also performs the disk two routine as well It is strongly recommended to perform a backup of your intrument as described in the user instructions Download this file to a freshly formatted 3 5 floppy disk and execute it it will extract the WIPESA files required to render your PSA inoperable Refer to the user instructions for detailed installation instructions CAUTION This routine will render your PSA inoperable if you fail to follow the directions in the user instructions your PSA will
41. the hard disk instead of in flash memory Instrument chassis controlled by processor board Memory contents cannot be removed by turning off power The magnetic residue will require several rewrite cycles or drive removal and destruction Display The second element to consider in generator security is the display as it can reveal sensitive information To prevent unauthorized people from reading the instrument display it can be blanked In this mode no information appears on the display Once the display is blanked one must cycle the power on the instrument to re enable the display In the reboot sequence the Erase All action described later in this document is performed to remove all user information so that the stored states cannot be retrieved 1 0 ports The I O ports must also be considered since they allow remote access to the instrument These ports which provide access to all user settings user states and display images include the GPIB LAN and RS 232 To prevent remote access to these ports the physical area around these connections must be tightly controlled There is also a ping service which presently cannot be selectively disabled The concern here might be that it is possible to discover IP addresses of connected instruments in order to query their setups over the Internet or break into the code Application environments To illustrate how to safeguard the content on signal generator
42. this is insufficient for top secret data according to the DOD standard For top secret data the hard drive must be removed and destroyed DRAM memory is overwritten with a single character then the instrument must be powered off Display Blocking the display of sensitive data can be done using the generator s entry keys or using SCPI commands Key entry Utility Display More Display Off Confirm Display Off SCPI command DISPlay WINDow STATe ON OFF 1 0 1 0 Ports While controlling access to the generator s ports is the leading security measure the LAN port provides four services which can be selectively disabled e http e ftp e sockets e telnet There is also a ping service which presently cannot be selectively disabled It should be noted that this service makes it is possible to discover IP addresses of connected instruments in order to query their setups over the Internet or break into the code Hardware removal In the following circumstances security measures may make it necessary to disassem ble the instrument e Ifthe instrument is non functioning the internal security features cannot be accessed The storage media must be removed so the instrument can be sent to a repair facility e If top secret data has been stored the storage media must be destroyed In these circumstances the hard disk and the processor board must be removed The assem blies can be reinstalle
43. to power down Switching to default setups insures that a known and consistent set of information is stored in this RAM Finally there is volatile RAM on the display assembly There is 1 MB volatile video RAM for save waveform display data and 1 MB volatile display RAM for screen colors This RAM is used to aid in multiplexing the graticule and alphanumeric information with the dynamic waveform information of the acquisition section of the oscilloscope This procedure will insure that all setup and measurement information is removed from all models of the Infiniium oscilloscopes If the user loads a waveform to one of the four waveform memories Setup gt Waveform Memory gt Pick a waveform memory and a source gt Load from waveform or load from file this waveform memory will persist after power is cycled even if Default Setup is pressed twice before shutting off To clear waveform memories and all other user data in all memory locations in 5483XB D and 5485XA scopes Control gt Factory default OR To clear the waveform memories Close the scope application File gt Exit Open a command prompt window Start gt Command Prompt Type cd scope memories press Enter Type del wfm press Enter 54852A 53A 54A 55A 20 GB hard drive 1 44 MB floppy disk drive 512 MB RAM mother board 32 K NV RAM Intfc Assy 1 MK V RAM Intfc Assy 1MK V RAM Disp Ass
44. tory default You need to manually clear it Immediately after factory default do not switch any channel or set any voltage press Save Recall gt STATE 0 gt Save State STATE 1 gt Save State STATE 2 gt Save State STATE 3 Save State 33220A 256 k waveform SYSTEM SECURITY IMMEDIATE command destroys all user defined memory 5 state state information user defined arbitrary waveforms and user defined memories 1 0 settings Power off clears volatile memory There is a USB port but there isn t a memory stick or internal hard disks 3458A 20 K V and 128 K DELSUB deletes subprograms with an OPT 14 K NV SCRATCH deletes all stored subprograms and states PURGE deletes only one stored state 4401B 02B 04B 05B 07B E4403B E4408B E4411B E7401A 02A 03A 04A 05A See page 12 for detailed information on how to erase clear user data in an ESA EMC spectrum analyzer J7211A B C EEPROM Utility gt Factory default gt Yes gt OK E4440A The PSA Series spectrum analyzer offers a free security management utilities software Option HS7 and user guide This can be ordered at the time of purchase ordered as an upgrade or downloaded from the Web site at www agilent com find ad Click on Instrument Security and under spectrum analyzers click on What procedure do use to perform a security erase on a PSA Series Spectrum Analyzer The software offers three levels of security Each of the three securi
45. ty levels can be downloaded onto its own disk Blank the display Erase user files Erase all memory including the operating system There is a user guide and three security functions for PSA to download from this site 1 HS7 Docs pdf contains the user instructions for the PSA Security functions This document contains the recommended procedure for performing a security erase on a PSA Series spectrum analyzer Also included in this document is the following The size type and usage information of the various volatile and nonvolatile memories in the PSA Series spectrum analyzer Recommended procedure for performing a security erase of the various memory types e Important information on the security erase process NOTE It is strongly recommended that these instructions are read before using any of the PSA Security functions Failure to read and follow these instructions exactly may render your PSA inoperable and it will be necessary to send the PSA to an Agilent Service Center to have it restored to operational condition 2 ScreenBlank EXE contains disk one Screen Blanking Functionality This functionality is standard and does not need to be downloaded if your PSA has firmware revision A 04 05 and newer Download this file to a freshly formatted 3 5 floppy disk and execute it it will extract the Screen Blanking files to be installed in your PSA Refer to the user instructions for detailed installation in
46. ve User Preset Last State Settings Press Preset Preset Trace registers A power cycle will clear all three trace registers Segmented Sweep settings ESA E analyzer only Press Sweep Segmented Modify Delete Delete Signal List EMC snalyzer only Press Measure More 1 of 2 Signal List Delete Signals Delete All Yes Instrument security To protect sensitive data it is important for signal generator users to understand the generator s features There are three main areas which must be considered when determining appropriate security measures in relation to the generator s use Storage media Storage media or memory for user information can be categorized into two groups explicit Security of Agilent Signal Generators Issues and Solutions and implicit Explicitly stored information con sists of data enter by the user Implicitly stored information includes items such as IQ calibra tion data user flatness table editor files and last state information This information is stored in various memory devices within the signal generator Understanding the memory devices used within the signal generator enables users to define best practice security measures for their application needs Memory description Contents Location Persistence DRAM Running firmware code temporary operational storage Processor board baseband Memory contents are completely erased when powered off fo
47. y This procedure is applicable to Agilent Infiniium oscilloscope models 54852A 54853A 54854A and 54855A The Agilent Infiniium oscilloscope can be declassified by performing three steps 1 Cycle power on the scope This clears all of the volatile RAM memory 2 Switch to Default Setups two consecutive times Push Default Setup key then immediately push Default Setup key again This process insures a generic setup in battery backed nonvolatile RAM on the scope interface assembly and generic setup in nonvolatile hard disc drive 3 Remove the hard disc drive from the instrument completely Replace with a separate hard disc drive an Infiniium hard drive containing no security issues Refer to the service manual for the hard disc drive for your scope The hard disc drive contains the Windows operating system Scope operating system setups waveform memories waveform files screen images and calibration data for the scope and probes All RAM information is duplicated on hard disc drive This enables proper startup and operation after a shut down This procedure declassifies all of the RAM as listed below There are 512 MB of RAM on the mother board There is also 32 K of nonvolatile RAM on the scope interface assembly which stores the last scope setting prior to power down Switching to default setups insures that a known and consistent set of information is stored in this RAM Finally there is volatile RAM on the di
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