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EPE-Online December 2006, Vol. 35, No. 12

1. v PIC Big Digit Display Control the giant ex British Rail platform clock 7 segment digits Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under that are now available on the surplus market the signature strip PIC Freezer Alarm Start Date Expiry Date Maestro Issue No PIC World Clock Graphically displays world map calendar clock and global time zone data PICAXE Projects A 3 part series using PICAXE devices PIC microcontrollers that do not need specialist knowledge or programming equipment PIC based Tuning Fork and Metronome Thrill everyone by at long last getting your instrument properly tuned Versatile PIC Flasher An attractive display to enhance your Christmas decorations or your child s ceiling SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue I I I I I I I I I I I I I I How to prevent your food from defrosting unexpectedly I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I BECOME A PIC PROJECT BUILDER WITH THE HELP OF EPE 64 Everyday Practical Electronics De
2. DIGITAL WORKS 3 0 Counter project Digital Works Version 3 0 is a graphical design tool that enables you to construct digital logic circuits and analyze their behaviour It is so simple to use that it will take you less than 10 minutes to make your first digital design It is so powerful that you will never outgrow its capability Software for simulating digital logic circuits Create your own macros highly scalable eCreate your own circuits components and i c s Easy to use digital interface Animation brings circuits to life eVast library of logic macros and 74 series i c s with data sheets ePowerful tool for designing and learning Hobbyist Student 45 inc VAT Institutional 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user 249 plus VAT Site Licence 599 plus VAT ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS PHOTOS A high quality selection of over 200 JPG images of electronic components This selection of high resolution photos can be used to enhance projects and presentations or to help with training and educational material They are royalty free for use in commercial or personal printed projects and can also be used royalty free in books catalogues magazine articles as well as worldwide web pages subject to restrictions see licence for full details Also contains a FREE 30 day evaluation of Paint Shop Pro 6 Paint Shop Pro image editing tips and on line help included Price 19 95 inc VAT M
3. P 16 key buffer Row column configurable 11 00 Additional digital input 8052 8958252 based Microcontrolle No programmer needed 14 95 KIT Includes Tiny BASIC 4 50 RBT gt On board power supply All controlled with 2 wire serial bus BV305 BV4107 BV4106 BV4102 BV4108 BV4103 MONEY BACK GUARANTEE If you are not completely satisfied return the goods within 30 days for a full refund Purchase Options On Line at www byvac co uk Telephone 07905 734 348 email sales byvac com Cheque or Postal Order to ByVac PO BOX 4049 Penistone SHEFFIELD S36 6WP Post and packing UK 2 50 World Wide 3 50 E www byvac co uk By Vac 49 enjoyable way By BART TREPAK HE idea behind the Mind Trainer is quite simple but it requires a good deal of thought It is based on an old brain testing game normally played with coloured pegs Although itis really a game for only one player two are required to play one of them being a dummy In this version a PIC microcon troller is cast in the role ofthe dummy an excellent position for it as it will never get bored if the player takes too long considering a next move or com ment on incorrect choices In the original game the dummy arranges four coloured pegs in a board out of view ofthe player and the player has to guess the colour and position of the pegs in the smallest number of attempts by placing furthe
4. ei ne METAL DETECIORII soldering required www QuasarElectronics com Robot Kits These educational electronic robot kits make a great introduc tion to the exciting world of robotics and require NO soldering See website for details Moon Walker 34 95 Order Code 4015KT Hyper Peppy 29 95 Order Code 4016KT Robotic Arm 59 95 Sumo Man 59 95 Order Code 4019KT P mot Advanced Robot our most advanced robot to date please see our website for full details 99 95 Order Code 4026KT Tools amp Equipment Soldering Set 9 95 Order Code SOL939 E cuc KIT Hobby Tool Set 17 95 Order Code HTK300 20 Piece Electronics Tool Set Now 24 95 Order Code HTK368 5 Illuminated Magnifier 44 95 Order Code HTM015 48W Digital Soldering Station 59 95 Order Code SOL050 3 12V 1 5A PSU 19 95 Order Code PSU400 0 30V 0 3A Regulated Power Supply 89 95 Order Code PSU676 Home and Leisure Hobby DMM 5 95 Order Code MM006 12V 150W Power Inverter 29 95 Order Code RPI530 4 gpocigl ON Clamp Meter 14 95 Order Code MC616 Metal Detector 34 95 Order Code MDS920 C ik e Helping Hands 6 95 EM o Order Code HTS165 rai 120mm Rechargeable Spotlight 18 95 Order Code TOR260 N Ultrasonic Distance Measurer 24 95 Order Code UDM634
5. Mixer Oscillator Board Buffer Amplifier Q Multiplier Tuning Capacitor Board Back To Basics 4 Doorchime Electronic Dice x Cybervox Multi Clap Switch Audio System AUG 05 Preamplifier Mic Supply Board Power Amp X Pain Monitor MotorAmp Back To Basics 5 Kitchen Timer Room Thermometer All Band Radio Full Version SEPT 05 Mini Version Multicore Cable Tester Main Active Back To Basics 6 Daily Reminder Whistle Switch X Model Railway Signal Control Snooker Darts Scoreboard Photic Phone Transmitter OCT 05 Receiver Back To Basics 7 Parking Radar Telephone Switch Xx Haloween Howler x PIC Based USB Interface Xx PIC Chromatone NOV 05 Back To Basics 8 Noughts and Crosses Enigma Weather Vane Repeater Multi Function R C Switch x Speed Camera Watch Mk2 Solid State Valve Power Supply DEC 05 Vehicle Frost Box Mk2 X Propeller Monitor Solid State Hammond X PIC Ambilux JAN 06 Sunset Switch Current Clamp Adaptor for Multimeters Tiptronic Style Gear Indicator Micro Board Display Board Hall Speed Board x Keypad Alarm FEB 06 3 Way Active Crossover Jazzy Heart Status Monitor Transmitter Reciever Power Up MAR 06 Video Audio Booster double sided X Telescope Interface Smart Slave Flash APR 06 Programmable Continuity Tester PortaPAL Microphone Board Auxilary Board Main B
6. PIC16F87x Extended Memory how to use it i John Becker June 01 METTETE ZE ZZZ TEZZE ZE EEE ZE E EEE l PIC to Printer Interfacing dot matrix John Becker I Post Code July 01 cri ee ea ee PIC Magick Musick use of 40kHz transducers John Becker Jan 02 Programming PIC Interrupts Malcolm Wiles Mar Apr 02 Using the PIC s PCLATH Command John Waller July 02 EPE StyloPIC precision tuning musical notes John Becker July 02 O Using Square Roots with PICs Peter Hemsley Aug 02 Using TK3 with Windows XP and 2000 Mark Jones Oct 02 PIC Macros and Computed GOTOs Malcolm Wiles Jan 03 Asynchronous Serial Communications RS 232 John Waller unpublished O Using I2C Facilities in the PIC16F877 John Waller unpublished O Using Serial EEPROMs Gary Moulton unpublished Additional text for EPE PIC Tutorial V2 John Becker unpublished C I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip C7 G Z o Valid From ME Expiry Date x ausa ose awe Maestro Issue No SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterl
7. Tens of thousands of microbes live on each square inch of mobile phones and hold more bacteria than a toilet seat thundered the article Every time you use your phone to text or put it to your ear thousands of bacterium sic are rubbing off on you to continue breeding it continued Really Surely these bugs are transferred onto the phone from your body where they evidently do me no harm so their advice to use anti bacterial wipes sounds like a cyni cal excuse to sell more wipes Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 F REE download ww BatteryPlanet co uk d Graphic Calculator V9 2 ene MN AE includes Electronics Mechanics and Maths Toolbox Zinc Chloride Batteries GP NiMh Rechargeable Batteries ZH Memorex AA Zinc Chloride 4pk 0 49 GP NiMh 600mAh AAA 4pk 2 49 SE i s Memorex AAA Zinc Chloride 4pk 0 49 GP NiMh 750mAh AAA 4pk 3 29 Memorex C Zinc Chloride 2pk 0 59 GP NiMh 800mAh AAA 4pk 3 69 Memorex D Zinc Chloride 2pk 0 59 GP NiMh 850mAh AAA 4pk 3 99 Memorex 9v Zinc Chloride 1pk 0 59 GP NiMh 1300mAh AA 4pk 2 99 Panasonic Special Power AA 4pk 0 79 GP NiMh 1600mAh AA 4pk 3 49 Panasonic Special Power AAA 4pk 0 79 GP NiMh 2100mAh AA 4pk 3 99 Panasonic Special Power C 2pk 0 79 GP NiMh 2500mAh AA 4pk 6 49 Panasonic Special Power D 2pk 0 79 GP NiMh 2600mA
8. Deluxe Microscope Set 26 95 Order Code SCI284 Universal Battery Tester 4 95 Order Code UBT393 r i 4 in 1 PC Link Telescope Now 99 95 Order Code SCI293 QUASAR electronics Get Plugged In Credit Card Sales 0871 747 7168 4 ch Sequencer 49 95 Order Code ELT298 Snow Machine 99 95 Order Code ELT598 2x200W Car Booster Amplifier 79 95 Order Code AMP022 20W Guitar Amplifier with Overdrive 69 95 Order Code MUS033 MULTI BAND RADIO Multi Band Radio Receiver 24 95 Order Code RAD4997 Audio Video Transmis sion System 54 95 Order Code AVE125 BS2 IC BS2 SX BS2E IC BS2P 24 BS2P 40 Parallax BASIC Stamps still the easy way to get your project up and running Serial Alphanumeric and Graphic Displays Mini Terminals and Bezel kits v Animated Head 3 Axis Machine Six Legged Walkers Robotic Arms Bipeds Robotic models for both the beginner and the advanced hobbyist I 4 D j Hil hd E d i B RN b a d Sh a p 7 E ni L k J Ei i m NES em pbn jag baa LE LI J U 1 7 T _ iL PI n 1 1 P 1 UI i MW PF T UM e Ge k TI N e rc Servo Drivers Motor Drivers On Screen Displays DMX Protocol U Sound Ranging Animatronics and Specialist Interface Control Modules Quadravox Sensorylnc Parallax Tech Tools BASICMicro MP3 amp Speech Systems Voice Reco
9. There is one big caveat to the memory model options The stand ard C libraries those supplied by Microchip that implement all the standard functions such as printf etc have been built with the large Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 code memory model Functions in these libraries therefore expect to be passed large pointers rather than small ones You must therefore select the Large Code model as shown in Fig 1 for all your application source files when you use library func tions You only need to do this once changes you make to your project settings are stored in the mcp and mcw project files Adding Files Adding a file to the project can be a little confusing because there are several options and it is not particularly intuitive as to how you should do it If you have an existing file that you want to add a source file or header file for example then first copy that file into your project directory Simply copying a file into the directory does not add it to your project the C compiler will ignore it unless you add a reference to it in the mcw window To do that right click over the appropriate heading Source Files or Header Files and click on Add Files A dialog like that in Fig 2 will appear Navigate to the file you want to add to the project and click once on it You should now specify the way in which the file is added Auto User or System Any files that are in yo
10. Vin Capacitor Discharging C discharges from V towards OV through R when S closes at time t O Mp IMITIALLY V Voltage at time after S closes cu Vc V exp Time after S closes taken to reach voltage V G RC n y EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Fig 6 Better approach to adding a resistor to control discharge which we want it to charge at the end of the charging period For astable opera tion we also need to define the end of the discharge period and detect when the capacitor reaches this voltage We need another comparator to accomplish this Obviously the discharge limit voltage must always be less than the charging limit voltage A good circuit arrangement for this is shown in Fig 7 In Fig 7 comparator 1 ICI is used to detect the charging limit This is equivalent to the comparator we have already used Comparator 2 IC2 is a new addition to our circuit and detects the discharge limit Both comparator thresholds can be expressed as fractions of the supply voltage as follows E de R3 R5 e R5 compt pO qc Hades FOO PARERS If all three resistors have the same value R2 R3 R5 we get Kompi 2 3 and kcomp2 1 3 This is what is done in the 555 these resistors are internal components Astable Operation Fig 8 shows the full circuit for astable operation Fig 3 with the additional cir cuitry that we have just discussed The cir cuit operates as follows At power up CI is fully d
11. amp th Siga Toca Trias Tria A baa E Object Bound Smart Tag Settings ab Liste n Refactoring k Tac E Teo Error US Morar L Dh O Mera Deere Error List Fay Bd Tonlleieoptibrhe A1doirgdk alle Cena mw t Tags Frias Erde con E 458 Poe nee Trias olha TnS i eds CI ipaha JO Pow LIL I Fel Tal e Pin Riu Tola Pale Serio Ine J Sor hiTa Tre B mi Mya s Sea poe Page Sage Feat True Siri tesi El Tag Tori Porel Tast Tai bist mps kled vd File Lire Cha Prodect x 9 O ms 633 Fig 1 The Options window enables the screen and snap grid facilities to be switched on and off The horizontal and vertical grid sizes are individually adjustable Fortunately Visual BASIC 2005 Express does include the usual range of controls such as scrollbars and buttons and it can produce big digital readouts via Label com ponents and suitably large text sizes Something like the numeric keypad fea tured in the previous Interface article should be equally easy to produce using Visual BASIC 2005 Express One slight problem when you first start using the program is that the form lacks both visual and snap grids This makes it very difficult to get buttons labels etc accurately aligned on the form Both visual and snap grids are available and will almost certainly be required when produc ing any software for PC add ons The window that controls the grids is obtained by going to the Tools menu and selecting Opt
12. says Wright so if you talk for an hour and need to charge your phone you just find the nearest USB socket and plug it in Barry Fox BlueControl RF Solutions has introduced a Bluetooth remote controller that is designed for use with Bluetooth enabled devices such as PCs PDAs and mobile phones The BlueControl unit features four relays and is ideal for providing control in applications such as lighting personal access and power switching BlueControl provides a secure and reli able telemetry link over distances up to 100 metres for Class I devices or 10 metres for Class II The control has an integral anten na and requires a 12V DC PSU For further information contact RF Solutions Dept EPE Unit 21 Cliffe Industrial Estate South Street Lewes E Sussex BN8 6JL Tel 44 0 1273 898000 Fax 44 0 1273 480661 Email sales rfso lutions co uk Web ww rfsolutions co uk Churchill Opportunities We have received information about the Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowships These are unique and offer UK citizens from all walks of life and irrespective of back ground education or professional qualifica tions the Chance of a Lifetime to undertake study projects overseas related to their trade craft or profession Particpants return richer for the experience to their benefit and that of the community Many people find it difficult to believe that they are elegible and the Trust has asked us to make this opport
13. to be made payable to Everyday Practical Electronics VAT must be added Advertisements together with remittance should be sent to Everyday Practical Electronics Advertisements 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email epeads 9 wimborne co uk For rates and information on display and classified advertis ing please contact our Advertisement Manager Stewart Kearn as above BTEC ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN TRAINING NATIONAL ELECTRONICS VCE ADVANCED ICT HNC AND HND ELECTRONICS FOUNDATION DEGREES NVQ ENGINEERING AND IT DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY LONDON ELECTRONICS COLLEGE 20 PENYWERN ROAD EARLS COURT LONDON SW5 9SU TEL 020 7373 8721 www lec org uk RSH ELECIRONICS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS amp KITS Component Packs from 1 00 Stripboard Project Kits from 1 45 P amp P 2 50 orders over 25 Free P amp P A wide range of popular components No Minimum Order No Sign up No VAT Visit our easy to use website www rshelectronics co uk SAFFRON ELECTRONICS LTD Suppliers of High Quality Electronic Components Resistors Caps Batteries Chargers Semiconductors LED s IC s PCB s Switches Solder Cable Wire Etc Online Catalogue and Shop available at www SaffronElectronics co uk 16 Field Street Cannock Staffs WS11 5QP Telephone 0845 166 2314 local rate BOWOOD ELECTRONICS LTD Suppliers of Electronic Components Place a secure order on our website or call our s
14. 0 64 TIC126D 0 77 BC209A 0 72 BFX29 0 29 ZIX 89A 0 4 4013B 0 18 74HC165 0 21 4L9283 0 47 OPI77GP 2 18 LM338K 5 31 Triacs BC212L 0 09 BFX84 0 31 ZIXZ90A 0 41 4014B 0 30 74HC173 0 38 74LS365 0 21 OP200GP 5 60 LM338T 1 10 3 BC213L 0 12 BFX85 0133 ZI 85 0 50 BT136 500 0 58 4015B 0 27 74HC174 0 27 74LS367 0 21 OP213FP 5 20 LM723 0 40 E BC214 0 08 BFX88 0 27 ZTX853 0 50 BT136 600 0 50 4016B 0 20 74HC175 0 35 741S368 202 OPOZ5GP 257 LP2950C 25 0 0 72 a BC214L 0 10 BFY50 L0 307ZTX951 0 54 BT13 600 0 58 4017B 0 20 74HC193 0 39 74LS373 0 39 OP282GP 2 27 REFOICP 231 87139 500 1 00 BC225 0 15 BFYS 0 22 ZTX1048A 0 48 4018B 0 29 74HC195 0 32 74LS374 0 38 OP283GP 5 20 REFI9SGP 3 04 pB1139 800 120 BC237B 2011 BEYSZ 0 24 ZTX1051A 0 46 4019B 0 25 4HC240 0 32 4 378 0 62 OP290CP 428 TL431CP 0 14 grA08 600B 0 84 BC2388 0 11 BS107 0 21 ZIXIOSSA 0 45 4020B 0 25 74HC241 0 37 4L9390 0 34 OP297GP 4 64 Diodes BTA08 6008w 0 76 BE 2200 S BERE 12 NEW ONLINE 4021B 0 31 4HC244 0 40 741S393 0 33 OP400GP 11 81 1N914 0 05 BTA08 600C 0 96 BE3015 Sno MEA ee Go des duum ue BI I f 55 74 Series AE TER CS A00 AZ BC319C 0 13 BU508A _ ins amp 4024B 0 22 74HC253 0 25 SG3524N 0 82 1N4002 0 05 BTA12 6008w 0 92 of mains 4025B 0 20 74HC257 0 25 7407 040 3543 6 88 IN4003 0 03 BTAT6 600cw 1 45 BC327 0 08 B
15. In addition when the power is fully switched off S1 switched to position 1 the relays remain on for one second while the 22uF capacitor charges This ensures that IC1 is fully powered down before the relays are switched off to prevent loud switching thumps in the PA system As a further precaution the 100pF capacitor that s used to decouple IC1 s supply rail is quickly discharged via a 100 resistor and position 1 of 51a Diode D2 is included to ensure that the 470pF capacitor also discharges so that the relays turn on if power is quickly applied again 42 The 22 resistor in series with pin 8 of IC1 limits the surge current through the switch when power is applied Similarly the 100 resistor at position 2 of S1a limits the discharge current from the associated 22pF capacitor when Sia switches this contact to ground Construction The assembly is straightforward since all the parts are mounted on a single PC board This board is avail able from the EPE PCB Service code 093 Begin by checking the PC board for any possible shorts between tracks or B o XLR cutout Fig 3 here is the full size etching pattern for the PC board breaks in the copper pattern Check also that the hole sizes are correct Note that a cutout will need to be made in the board to provide space for a mini XLR panel mount socket if you are using a lapel microphone fitted with a mini XLR female plug The XLR cutout is sh
16. It also tells us how many sectors are used for each cluster a detail that will be important later on The first FAT table follows after the Number of reserved sectors The FAT table contains the list of clusters that make up your files It s a type of linked list enabling the file to be stored in chunks fill ing up unused holes left by previously deleted files It is obviously extremely important that the FAT table does not become corrupted so there are typically two or more copies of the FAT table When we write to a file we must update all copies of the FAT The FAT table consists of a simple list of words 16 bits one for each data cluster in the partition The first two words are reserved and the next word holds the next in chain pointer for cluster number two By convention cluster number two is the first data cluster and it follows immediate ly after the directory table As an example of how the FAT table is organised let s say you create a big file that needs three clusters to hold it If this is the first file on the partition it will occupy clusters 2 3 and 4 The third entry in the FAT table which is the marker for cluster number 2 will hold the value 3 The next word entry in the FAT table for cluster number 3 will hold the value 4 The start ing cluster for the file 2 in this case is found by looking in the directory entry for that file Cluster Attributes There are special value
17. RADIO SETTING UP AN AMATEUR RADIO STATION I D Poole The aim of this book is to give guidance on the decisions which have to be made when setting up any amateur radio or short wave listening station Often the experience which is needed is learned by one s mistakes however this can be expensive To help overcome this guidance is given on many aspects of setting up and running an effi cient station It then proceeds to the steps that need to be taken in gaining a full transmitting licence Topics covered include The equipment that is needed Setting up the shack Which aerials to use Methods of construction Preparing for the licence Order code BP300 4 45 EXPERIMENTAL ANTENNA TOPICS H C Wright Although nearly a century has passed since Marconi s first demonstration or radio communication there is still research and experiment to be carried out in the field of antenna design and behaviour The aim of the experimenter will be to make a measure ment or confirm a principle and this can be done with relatively fragile short life apparatus Because of this devices described in this book make liberal use of card board cooking foil plastic bottles cat food tins etc Although primarily a practical book with text closely supported by diagrams some formulae which can be used by straightforward substitution and some simple graphs have also been included Order code BP278 4 00 25 SIMPLE INDOOR AND WINDOW AERIALS E
18. Unit ESSENTIAL DATA Extensive tables on diodes transistors thyristors and triacs digital and linear i c s EXTENSIVE GLOSSARY Should you come across a technical word phrase or abbreviation you re not familiar with simply look up the glossary and you ll find a comprehensive definition in plain English The Manual also covers Safety and provides web links to component and equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers Full contents list available online at www epemag wimborne co uk SUPPLEMENTS Additional CD ROMs each containing approximately 500 pages of additional information on specific areas of electronics are available for 19 95 each Information on the availability and content of each Supplement CD ROM will be sent to you Presentation CD ROM suitable for any modern PC Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader which is included on the CD ROM Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Pz PLEASE send me VISA m THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL CD ROM ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL CD ROM ordering both together PLEASE PRINT Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Maestro I enclose payment of 29 95 for one Manual or 49 90 for both Manuals saving 10 by FUEL NAME 244m rk RR ed sides Rn ERA ds ada e E
19. but at last that experience proves that we British are an adaptable race We grumble for a while and then adjust to new rules and regula tions Look at workshop solvents for instance When I was a kid my father had a tin of petrol in the garage with an old paintbrush in it for degreasing materials This was considered unsafe so we changed over to Carbon Tetrachloride CTC also sold in every high street as Thawpit dry cleaning fluid remem ber the wide rimmed bottle with a cork applicator that took ages to saturate Then CTC was declared taboo and we had to use trike Trichloroethylene instead Concerns about its toxicity meant it was banned in much of the world during the 1970s No doubt there s an entirely safe substitute now and a quick Google search indicates Leksol n Propyl Bromide is a direct substitute with no hazards at all unless you know better I m afraid I stopped trying to keep up ages ago and just use Isopropyl Alcohol or Swan Vestas lighter fuel I do have a Winchester of xylene under the sink as well but there s so little left of this I m saving it for later Filthy Phone Calls While on the subject of cleanliness I was shocked by another scare story recent ly about a new hazard involving mobile phones nasty bacteria Under the head line Minging Mobiles a newspaper informed me that keeping handhelds warm and cosy inside pockets makes an ideal breeding ground for nasty bacteria
20. its use is still per missible for repairing equipment already on the market for making non consumer items and for non commercial hobby applications False Allegation The allegation that tin lead solder will cease to be available is totally false it will still be made as there will remain many types of product that are not covered by the new rules Of course it may not be so easy to find in the shops and Maplin Electronics probably Britain s biggest hobby electron ics supplier stopped stocking the stuff quite some time ago The major online sup pliers such as Farnell RS Components and Rapid Electronics continue to sell it and long may this last Whether the change of regulations will lead to prices plummeting or rising is not so certain Some optimists imagine there will be a glut of the stuff as vendors dump large stocks although any well run busi ness will have run down its stocks in advance of the cut off date It s more likely that the declining demand will cause prices to rise although a shortage of the stuff is very unlikely We shall see Battery Ban Some scare stories are true however if the thought of not being able to buy rechargeable NiCad batteries fills you with dread A pan European effort to exclude poisonous heavy metals from landfill waste will result in a ban the use of cadmium and mercury in portable batteries with only a few exemptions The applications NCREASING legislation for consume
21. the actual program code a Ast listing file and a map file which lists the actual locations of all the variables and functions plus a sum mary of how much code space has been used up Build Process Let s move back to the build process If you think back to last month we built the project by selecting Project 30 then Build All from the main menu You may not realise it yet but there is a large number of options available to us to change the way the compiler works when it is translating our source files into the program code There are two types of build op tions available project build options and file build options Project build options allow us to define the de fault compiler options for the whole project such as where to find system files and default build options for source files File build options enable you to over ride the project build settings on individual files Most of these options can and should be left at defaults until you have become experienced with the compiler There is one important option that should be changed however which we should cover If you right click over the mcp reference at the top of the mcw window within the IDE and then select Build Options an op tions dialog window will appear Click on the MPLAB C18 tab to display the compiler options page There are too Files of lype All Source Files asm c Let MPLAB IDE guess C User Files wee cr
22. 0 1A FARNELL E350 0 350V 0 200mA FARNELL D30 2T 0 30V 0 2A Twice Digital THURLBY PL330 0 32V 0 3A Digital Kenwood badged 75 THURLBY TS30218 0 30V 0 2A LCD 65 THURLBY PL320 0 30V 0 2A Digital TAKASAGO GMO35 3 0 35V 0 3A 2 Meters TAKASAGO TMO35 2 0 35V 0 2A 2 Meters ISOLATING TRANSFORMER Yellow 500VA with 13Amp Socket Used Equipment GUARANTEED Manuals supplied This is a VERY SMALL SAMPLE OF STOCK SAE or Telephone for lists Please check availability before ordering CARRIAGE all units 16 VAT to be added to Total of Goods and Carriage 63 EPE PIC PROJECTS VOLUME 1 MINI CD ROM A plethora of 20 hand PICked PIC Projects from selected past issues of EPE Together with the PIC programming Use vour browser to open foao htm software for each project plus bonus articles ON L iei 1008 2002 Twente interactive pe A Miers Putbahing Lir The projects are 1 4 45 PIC Based Ultrasonic Tape Measure You ve got it taped if you PIC this ultrasonic distance measuring INCLUDING calculator VAT and P amp P EPE Mind PICkler E Want seven ways to relax Try our PIC controlled mind machine Order on line from PIC MIDI Sustain Pedal deva www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Add sustain dl rale GR S line up with this or www epemag com USA prices De etel Paco ee ae creer or by Phone Fax Email or Post PIC based MIDI Handbells i Ring out thy bells with merry tolling plus a MIDI PIC up of
23. 1 66 VAT 1 95 postage amp packing per order JPG Electronics Shaws Row Old Road Chesterfield S40 2RB Tel 01246 211202 Fax 01246 550959 www JPGElectronics com Mastercard Visa Switch Callers welcome 9 30 a m to 5 30 p m Monday to Saturday EVERYDAY PRACTICAL f ELECTRONICS NEXT MONTH DEEP CYCLE BATTERY CHARGER If deep cycle batteries are not properly charged they will never be able to deliver their full capacity and their life will be greatly reduced You can t use a general purpose 12V car battery charger This 3 step charger is specially designed for deep cycle batteries and will charge at up to 16 6A BALANCED MICROPHONE PREAMP This Balanced Microphone Preamp comes with a 3 band equaliser and is suitable for Karaoke public address or many other applications It can run from a plugpack its own internal 9V battery or phantom power HIGH EFFICIENCY POWER SUPPLY FOR 1W LUXEON STAR LEDs Looking for a highly efficient switchmode power supply to run a 1W Luxeon Star LED from batteries This easy to build design lets you use a pair of 1 5V D cells and includes brightness control to further extend battery life JANUARY 07 ISSUE ON SALE DEC 14 ADVERTISERS INDEX AUDON ELECTRONICS BETA LAYOUT BRUNNING SOFTWARE BULL GROUP DISPLAY ELECTRONICS EASYSYNC EPT SOFTWARE ESR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS JAYCAR ELECTRONICS JPG ELECTRONICS LABCENTER LICHFIELD ELECTRONICS MAGENTA ELECTRONICS MILFORD IN
24. 1 di a i iti Gi RES SI a No z 2M R L A M L T K RA NEA oe s K T Amr La j p j a DI JAEN sn A hm id rs AR MALES T de ES D ux M entry of complex schematics for simulation and PCB Layout A customised implementation of the industry standard Berkeley SPICE 3F5 engine with extensive optimisations and enhancements for true mixed mode simulation and circuit animation OE 470 4 E B g fmi i The worlds first and best schematic based microcontroller co simulation software Proteus VSM allows you to simulate the interaction between software running on a microcontroller and any analog or digital electronics connected to it This streamlines the project lifecycle and obviates the need for expensive hardware analysis tools ARES PCB DESIGN o A modern and professional layout package which seamlessly integrates with the ISIS capture software Features such as autoplacement and autorouting interactive DRC and an intuitive interface all serve to maximise productivity and reduce time to market ABCENTER ELECTRONICS LTD CONTACT US NOW A technology pioneer in the EDA industry since 1988 to discuss requirements or Flexible packages and pricing tailored to customer requirements Tel 01756 753440 i A N N Fax 01756 752857 abcenter www labcenter co uk eases infoelabcenter co uk Electronics Labcenter Electronics Ltd 53 55 Main Street Grassington North Yorks BD23 SAA Registered in
25. 2005 Express Dec 26 Improving the input voltage span from an A D converter Feb 58 PC interfacing software Jun 28 Visual approach to producing virtual controls Aug 18 More on a visual approach to producing virtual controls Oct 28 PIC N MIX by Mike Hibbett unless marked Experimenting with overclocking PICs Apr 25 More about using MultiMedia cards with PICs Dec 26 MultiMedia cards have serious storage capacity for PIC projects Nov 22 Multiplexing a trick or two Jul 20 PIC and software reliability May 68 Random number generation Jun 16 Range checking for more advanced PIC users by Keith Anderson Aug 32 Smart Dust How small can a PIC get Sept 58 Understanding PIC datasheets Oct 20 Using SPI bus devices Jan 33 Feb 33 Using the RS485 protocol for series comms Mar 33 PLEASE TAKE NOTE Halloween Howler Oct 05 Sept 9 Magic Bulb I U Jul 06 Aug 40 PRACTICALLY SPEAKING by Robert Penfold Basic project building and soldering problems Jul 28 Capacitor types and selection May 49 More on front panel overlays using a PC Mar 56 Mounting electronic components Nov 30 Pin outs switch and potentiometer connections Sept 22 Producing front panel overlays using a computer Jan 57 TEACH IN 2006 by Mike Tooley BA Part 3 Charge and Capacitance Introducing Capacitors Jan 50 Part 4 Semiconductors Introducing Diodes Feb 50 Part 5 Introducting Magnetism and Inductance Introducing Inductors Transformers Rectifiers and Voltage Regulation Mar 48 Pa
26. 2006 Part 4 e Techno Talk e Circuit Surgery Interface e PIC N Mix e Network The Internet Page MAR 06 PROJECTS e PortaPAL Public Address Amplifier Part 1 e Telescope Interface e Power Up e Video Audio Booster FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 5 e Practically Speaking Circuit Surgery Techno Talk e PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page 46 APR 06 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e A Programmable Continuity Tester e Omni Pendulum e PortaPAL Public Address Amplifier Part 2 e Smart Slave Flash Trigger FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 6 e Consumer Electronics Show e E Chip Review e Techno Talk e PIC N Mix e Net Work The Internet Page MAY 06 PROJECTS e LED Lighting For Your Car e Smart Card Reader and Programmer e Nail Sniffer and Volts Hound e Digital Reaction Timer FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 7 e Practically Speaking elngenuity Unlimited e Circuit Surgery e Techo Talk e PIC N Mix e Net Work The Internet Page JUN 06 PROJECTS e Poor Man s Metal Locator e Widgy Box Distortion Effects For Your Guitar e Phone Ring amp Test e Digital Instrument Display For Cars Part 1 FEATURES e Interface e Circuit Surgery e Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk e PIC N Mix Teach In 2006 Part 8 e Net Work The Internet Page Di RABAT Li ETEF LEMEE ELE TERN KR ee JUL 06 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e PIC Sudoku Unit e A Dirt Cheap High Current Ben
27. 3 File extension ASCII UYU H l File attributes x16 2 File creation time 0x18 7 File creation date WLA d File start cluster 4 Size of file Fig 6 Partitions Directory Table The filename and extension should be padded with spaces if not eight and three characters respectively The first byte of the filename has a special meaning a value of OxE5 means This entry is free and is the value you write in when the file is deleted A value of 0x00 means No more files in the directory and is used to signal to soft ware that it does not need to continue look ing for filenames The creation time and date fields are not mandatory so you can leave them empty if you wish or set them to a default value Sub directories and File Names In order to simplify matters we have left off an explanation of sub directory and long filename handling they are not neces sary for basic file handling In the implementation we have also made a simplification to the way files are written when we open the file we find the last cluster used on the disk then we write data to consecutive clusters without trying to fill in unused clusters elsewhere in memory This enables the software to sup port high speed writing to the media which is likely to be important for many embedded projects Example Software The example software for this article available from the Downloads section of the EPE website www epemag co uk builds on la
28. 79 Capaeitance and ESR Meter 89 Triac Thyristor Analyser 109 Atlas SCR Prices include UK delivery and VAT THE No1 UK MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTER PROJECTS BACK ISSUES We can supply back issues of EPE by post most issues from the past five years are available An EPE index for the last five years is also available at www epemag co uk or see order form below Alternatively indexes are published in the December issue for that year Where we are unable to provide a back issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be purchased for the same price Issues from Jan 99 are available on CD ROM see next page and issues from the last six months are also available to download from www epemag com Please make sure all components are still available before commencing any project from a back dated issue PROJECTS e Motor Amplifier e Pain Monitor e Audio System Communications e Kitchen Timer Room Thermometer FEATURES e Back To Basics 5 Circuit Surgery e Interface Ingenuity Unlimited e Techno Talk e PIC N Mix e NetWork The Internet Page SEPT 05 PROJECTS e All Band Radio Snooker and Darts Scoreboard Multicore Cable Tester e Controlling Model Railway Signals e Daily Reminder e Whistle Switch FEATURES e Back To Logic Basics 6 e Circuit Surgery e Practically Speaking e Ingenuity Unlimited e Techno Talk PIC N Mix e Net Work The Int
29. Astronomy Earth Science Biology Physics Chemistry Weather and much more The most complete resource ever assembled for hobbyists and professionals looking for novel solutions to research problems Includes extensive Science Software Library with even more science tools Suitable for Mac Windows Linux or UNIX 32MB RAM minimum Netscape 4 0 or higher or Internet Explorer 4 0 or higher Over 1 000 projects PROJECT CONSIRUCIION IC 555 PROJECTS E A Parr Every so often a device appears that is so useful that one wonders how life went on before without it The 555 timer is such a device Included in this book are over 70 circuit diagrams and descriptions covering basic and general circuits motor car and model railway circuits alarms and noise makers as well as a section on 556 558 and 559 timers Note No construction details are given A reference book of invaluable use to all those who have any interest in electronics be they profession al engineers or designers students or hobbyists Order code BP44 5 49 POWER SUPPLY PROJECTS R A Penfold This book offers a number of power supply designs including simple unstabilised types and variable voltage stabilised designs the latter being primarily intended for use as bench power supplies for the electronics work shop The designs provided are all low voltage types for semiconductor circuits The information in this book should also help the reader to de
30. England 4692454
31. Keyboard connection details End pads 1 and 9 are not connected on the PCB 22 4 0in 103mm Fig 2 Mind Trainer printed circuit board component layout full size copper foil master and wiring to the On Off battery supply switch Note that keypad pins pads 1 and 9 are not connected to the board Use an IC socket for the PIC There are no adjustments to be made and provided the circuit has been correctly assembled it should work as described The circuit draws about 15mA when operating which although not too high for battery operation would soon drain an AA battery if left on for extended periods Playing the game As a further example of how the game is played the sequence of a real game is reproduced in Table 1 The unknown number happened to be 2489 and the first digits entered were 1234 as shown which resulted in the display 2 0 indicating that two ofthese digits were correct but neither was in its correct position Table 1 Example game play Guess Result No Position 1234 2 0 1256 1 0 1356 0 0 2478 1 2 2489 Final score 05 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 FUT ll M M M M X eda Topside PCB component layout Note the radial electroytic is mounted on it s side It was assumed that the digits 1 and 2 were correct and that 3 and 4 were not part of the hidden number so that the next entry made was 1256 which gave the result 1 0 From this it was guessed that 5 and 6 were proba
32. M Noll Many people live in flats and apartments or other types of accommodation where outdoor aerials are prohibited or a lack of garden space etc prevents aerials from being erected This does not mean you have to forgo shortwave listening for even a 20 foot length of wire stretched out along the skirting board of a room can produce acceptable results However with some additional effort and experi mentation one may well be able to improve performance further This concise book tells the story and shows the reader how to construct and use 25 indoor and window aerials that the author has proven to be sure performers Order code BP136 2 25 TICKLING THE CRYSTAL Domestic British Crystal Sets of the 1920 s lan L Sanders The first book dedicated to the topic of British crystal sets to be published in the last 25 years For a very brief peri od during the early 1920 s these simple receivers played a crucial role in the expansion of domestic wireless throughout the United Kingdom For many families rich and poor the crystal set provided an introduction to the new pastime of listening in to broadcast programmes Rapidly made obsolete from homes as suddenly as it had arrived but not without leaving its mark on the history of wireless Written by a long time authority and enthusiast Tickling the Crystal is the most comprehensive work on the subject ever assembled Containing almost two hundred excellent quality photographs and a w
33. NOTE The PDF files on this CD ROM are suitable to use on any PC with a NA l CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader EPE Mood PICker Oh for a good night s sleep Insomniacs rejoice your wakeful EPE PIC PROJ ECTS CD ROM nights could soon be over with this mini micro under the pillow PIC Micro Probe ORDER FORM A hardware tool to help debug your PIC software PIC Video Cleaner Improving video viewing on poorly maintained TVs and VCRs PIC Graphics LCD Scope A PIC and graphics LCD signal monitor for your workshop I I I I I PIC to Printer Interface I I I I Please send me quantity EPE PIC PROJECTS VOL 1 CD ROM Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world How to use dot matrix printers as data loggers with PIC microcontrollers PIC Polywhatsit A novel compendium of musical effects to delight the creative musician R UU E PIC Magick Musick C cnn RM M G t 0 t c e RR fingertip PIC Mini Enigma R Post Code Emo mox ow xx Ex Ew Share encrypted messages with your friends true spymaster entertainment PIC Virus Zapper Can disease be cured electronically Investigate this controversial subject for yourself PIC Controlled Intruder Alarm A sophisticated multi zone intruder detection system that offers a C enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro variety of monitoring facilities Card NO
34. Our oscilloscopes have sophisticated digital triggering including delayed timebase and come with application software and DLL interface to 3rd Party apps Our ANTS and ANT16 Logic Analyzers feature 8 16 capture channels of data at a blazing 500MS S sample rate in a compact enclosure Low Profile Version also available uPCI 400HS 4 Port UPCI RS232 Serial Card Spider Cable or COMBOX IO 65 00 extra UPCI Serial Cards from 15 uPCI 100L Discover our great value for money range of multi port uPCI serial cards Supporting from one to eight ports the range includes RS232 RS422 RS485 and opto isolated versions Our 4 port and 8 port models can connect through external cables or the innovative wall mounting COMBOX NEW LOW PRICE oa USB COM PL 12 50 Quality USB to RS232 converter cable with detachable 10cm extender cable FTDI Chipset and Drivers for superior compatibility and O S support USB 2COM M 36 00 2 Port Industrial USB RS232 Serial with wall mount bracket and 5V DC auxiliary output 1 to 16 port USB to Serial Adapters from 12 50 With over 20 different models available we probably stock the widest range of USB Serial Adapters available anywhere We offer converter cables multi port enclosure style models in metal and plastic also rack mount units with integral PSU such as the USB 16COM RM Serial interfaces supported include RS232 RS422 and RS485 We also supply opto i
35. RS232 Optional Humidity Module Optional Weather Starter Kit 59 Pressure Module eater arter E A RS232 Interface C25 Optional Rainfall USB Interface c29 Gauge NDS Humidity Module 39 Simple 1 wire Pressure Module 49 connection Rainfall Gauge 59 Build and add Prices exclude VAT and delivery your own devices For more information manuals and downloads on this and other interesting products see WWW audon co uk FAILLE Electronics www audon co uk 44 09115 925 8412 Fax 44 0 115 925 9757 Control hardware using simple text commands Making complex tasks simple Using a two letter text command control LCD displays Analogue to digital converters motors key pads LED matrix displays All products work by serial connection This is just a small selection T visit the web site for hints tips Connect using a PC RS232 or Microcontroller UART and P scrolling Text LCD Display gt Backlight and contrast control Binary to text display 22 90 Much more Control any compatible LCD LCD Controlle Up to 4 lines by 20 characters Scrolling text 11 00 Much more 8 x 8 Bi Colour Red Green Dot Matrix Brightness control User defined bit patterns 14 95 Switch on splash screen 4 Analogue to digital A D Control i P 4x digital input or output i P Pulse width modulation 11 00 Trigger control a D 4x4 matrix keypad controller Keypad Contro
36. a FillRectangle command that produces solid rectangles By drawing long and thin rectangles it is possible to produce thick lines This subroutine uses filled rectangles to produce a thicker version of the panel design Fig 3 Private Sub Forml Paint ByVal sender As Object ByVal e As System Windows Forms PaintEventArgs Handles Me Paint e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 40 350 660 5 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 40 450 660 5 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 40 350 5 100 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 700 350 5 105 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 515 350 5 105 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Black 578 350 5 105 End Sub Fig 2 Lines are easily programmed but with this method there is no way of adjusting the line width Note that for filled shapes the colour is set using Brushes parameter rather than the Pens type The four co ordinates again work in pairs but only the first two are true co ordinates These set the position of the top left hand corner of the rectangle The next two values respectively set the width and height of the rectangle In the current context they effectively set the length and the width of horizontal lines or the width and length of vertical lines There are other shapes available includ ing ellipses The co ordinate parameter for ellipses operates in essentially the same way as for rectangles a
37. a C program typi cally consists of four groups of code C Startup Standard Library Code Application Code and Library Code We will go through these in reverse order Library Code consists of source files that you have compiled previ ously or perhaps obtained from a third party that you are making use of in your application Library code is pre compiled to a binary code file and does not require its original source code to be present although source code will help when debug ging The code is often supplied packaged together in a library file with a lib extension or as a single object file with a o or obj extension You add these files to your project by creating links to them in the mcw window within the IDE You simply right click over Library Files then select Add Files Library files gen erally hold useful functions that you can call from your application To get access to the functions within a library you must also include its associated header file which normally has the same name but an extension of h You add the header files to your projectin a similar way to adding the library files right click over the Header Files option in the mcw window on your IDE We will come back to header files in a minute 28 By Mike Hibbett Application Code is well your stuff the result of compiling all your source code Where exactly that gets placed in the code address space is normal
38. amplifiers etc and consid ers the ways in which modern devices can be used to give superior performance in each one The second part describes a number of practical circuits that exploit mod ern operational amplifiers such as high slew rate ultra low noise and low input offset devices The projects include Low noise tape preamplifier low noise RIAA pre amplifier audio power amplifiers d c power controllers opto isolator audio link audio millivolt meter temperature monitor low distortion audio signalgenerator simple video fader and many more Order code BP335 5 45 272 pages 96 pages 274 pages 120 pages BOOK ORDERING DETAILS All prices include UK postage For postage to Europe air and the rest of the world surface please add 2 per book For the rest of the world airmail add 3 per book CD ROM prices include VAT and or postage to anywhere in the world Send a PO cheque international money order sterling only made payable to Direct Book Service or card details Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club or Switch Maestro to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LIMITED 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND Books are normally sent within seven days of receipt of order but please allow 28 days for delivery more for overseas orders Please check price and availability see latest issue of Everyday Practical Electronics before ordering from old lists For a further selection of books se
39. and all components For those 24V batteries le who really need to get out of the house a lot Powered by the e more Take me to your leader battery itself La Requires 9V battery Theremin Synthesiser MKII id x lt p By moving your hand between the metal High Performance Electronic oO Cl es e antennae create unusual sound effects The Projects for Cars Book d y Theremin Mkll improves on its predecessor by Rum allowing adjustments to the tonal quality by Australia s leading electronics magazine Silicon Chip has developed a range of providing a better waveform With a multitude of projects for performance cars There are 16 projects in total ranging from devices controls this instrument s musical potential is only for remapping fuel curves to nitrous controllers The book includes all limited by the skill and imagination of its player instructions components lists colour pictures and circuit layouts There are x Kit includes stand PCB with overlay machined also chapters on engine management advanced systems and DIY case with silkscreen printed lid loudspeaker pitch modifications Over 150 pages All the projects are available in kit form antennae all specified electronic components exclusively to Jaycar Check out our website for all the details and clear English instructions indi TE Requires 9 12VDC Hand Controller for Digital Adjusters wall adaptor This hand controller is used for Maplin JC91Y mapping progra
40. before it is fitted just to make sure That done install the RCA sockets and the 9V AC power socket using a small drill to enlarge their mounting holes if necessary The three small 100nF monolithic capacitors can be fitted next again taking care to solder their leads to both sides of the board where indicated That done fit the two 10uF tan talum capacitors and the larger electrolytics making sure each ofthese polarised components is orientated correctly The earthy lead of both tantalum capaci tors is soldered to the top copper as well as shown in Fig 3 Next fit the two diodes D1 amp D2 in the power supply Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 NOTE BOTH SOICS MOUNTED WITH THEIR CHAMFERED SIDES TOWARDS FRONT OF BOARD JILIIANOO O3GIA LNANOdWOD OL doi Fig 5 the two MAX4451ESA dual op amps are mounted on the underside of the PC board as shown here Be sure to install them the right way around again watching their polarity Follow with the two regulators making sure that you fit each one in the correct position REG2 the 7905 goes on the lefthand side while REG1 the 7805 mounts to the right of REG2 Don t get them mixed up Each regulator is mounted hori zontally with its three leads bent downwards 5mm from the device body so that they pass through the holes in the PC board They are both secured using 6mm x M3 machine screws and nuts and this should be done before soldering their lead
41. check that the LED has been installed correct ly Check also that its 4700 resistor is Fig 6b Full size bottom etching pattern for the PC board COrrect EPE JILIIANOO O3GIA LNANOdWOD OL dO PicoScope 3000 Series PC Oscilloscopes The PicoScope 3000 series oscilloscopes are the latest offerings from the market leader in PC oscilloscopes combining high bandwidths with large buffer memories Using the latest advances in electronics the e ar Ler 7 E 4 m de rm ea oscilloscopes connect to the USB port of any modern PC making full use of the PCs processing capabilities l large screens and familiar graphical user interfaces NE mr mm L High performance 10G5 s sampling rate amp 200MHz bandwidth 1MB buffer memory 3205 Baniinddzh 10054 Hz IO RAF High speed USB 2 0 interface Canna Coin e Pm Gai play reto lima ra 0D0ME s ZO00MES Advanced display amp trigger modes ua Pus wiped um d or cepa EAE uen Uar 1110 at C E T EpL m Anale m Gin mar fes to SOs din Compact amp portable ss FER SI Spree tr ranges O em SOME D ta SIM Supplied with PicoScope amp PicoLog software Goes RE nun Besiybken accuracy E hits Ei Mangos 1100 io esr FA Omen rien LESIE LESS com patible Tel 01480 396395 a o www picotech com scope364 pP 1C O echnology Limited Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 icrosoft s Visual BASIC Express 2005 has been mentioned in
42. co uk M Open 9am 5 00pm Monday to Friday other times by arrangement Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 WAVETEK 23 Synthesised Function Gen 12MHz EXACT 529 AM FM Function Gen 20MHz ANALOGUE 2030 Synthesised Multi Function Waveform 250 THANDER TG503 Pulse Function Gen 5MHz THANDER TG502 Sweep Function Gen 5MHz KRON HITE 5200A Sweep Func Gen 0 00003Hz 3MHz 150 HP 3310B Info as 3310A etc 0 eee 120 HP 3310A Func Gen 0 005Hz 5MHz Sine Sq Tri Ramp Pulse 80 PHILIPS PM5132 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz 95 PHILIPS PM5131 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz FEEDBACK FG601 Func Gen 0 001Hz 1MHz HP 8112A Pulse Gen 50MHz HP 8111A Pulse Generator 20MHz LYONS PG73N Pulse Gen 20MHz LEADER LAG120B Sine Sq Audio Generator 10Hz 1MHz 60 FARNELL LFM4 Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 1MHz Low Distortion TTL Output Amplitutde Meter GOULD J3B Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 100kHz Low Distortion 50 75 FARNELL LF1 Sine Sq Oscillator 10Hz 1MHz MARCONI SANDERS 6055C Signal Source 850 2000MHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6055B Signal Source 850 2150MHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6056B Signal Source 2 4GHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6057B Signal Source 4 5 8 5GHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6059A Signal Source 12 18GHz MARCONI SANDERS 6070A Signal Source 400 1200MHz 125 FLUKE 6011A Synthesised 11MHz PHILIPS 5514V Colour Bar Generator Video BLACK STAR ORION Colour Bar Gen BLACK STAR ORION Later Version Metal Case FREQUENCY COUNTERS TIMERS EIP 371 So
43. comes to data storage I personally still keep my address book in the form of printed cards which I find easier and quicker to use than a database we also store article details for both EPE and Radio Bygones our sister vintage radio magazine on a card system Since the live data is only consulted on a monthly basis and then stored for a number of years once articles have been published this system works well and has instant access for everyone Recently I realised that our list of published PCBs kept in an A5 book dates back to May 1984 over 22 years ago now The binding on the book had failed they don t make them like they used to and I repaired it It made me wonder if we had stored the data on comput er how far back we would still be able to search it and how many times we would have need ed to change the system software back ups over those 22 years There is a lot to be said for old fashioned pen and paper although some of the early pencil entries in the book are a little faded they are all readable so I know what articles requiring PCBs were published in every issue from May 1984 onwards and it takes me about five seconds to find them No waiting for a PC to boot up or a database to open and then a search to be made For static data like this that needs long term storage there is no better medium By the way we have yet to fill in half the pages in the book so it should last for more than 50 years if th
44. copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 STORE YOUR BACK ISSUES ON CD ROMS eof VEHICLE FROST BOX Icy road warning p TN onini Ww MALE VALVE pe i GEA Lift ONLY becl A v J TY i M E i UP 0 LTT EPE Cnr Hr RIT aW Che x cut LUT r unen ibn Back Issue Jar a 4 Sage Es E each EU including VAT gt and p amp p CHROMATOME Colour iers A nn E A great way to buy EPE Back Issues our CD ROMs contain back issues from our EPE Online website plus bonus articles all the rele vant PIC software and web links Note no free gifts are included All this for just 14 45 each including postage and packing VOL 1 BACK ISSUES January 1999 to June 1999 Order on line from Plus some bonus material from Nov and Dec 1998 www epemag wimborne co uk VOL 2 BACK ISSUES July 1999 to December 1999 shopdoor htm VOL 3 BACK ISSUES January 2000 to June 2000 SAE ial s s VOL 4 BACK ISSUES July 2000 to December 2000 9 PY phone Fax E mail or Post VOL 5 BACK ISSUES January 2001 to June 2001 WERE ECCE SS neers 1 VOL 6 BACK ISSUES July 2001 to December 2001 l BACK ISSUES CD ROM ORDER FORM i VOL 7 BACK ISSUES January 2002 to June 2002 I VOL 8 BACK ISSUES July 2002 to December 2002 Please send me the following Back Issue CD ROMs Volume i VOL 9 BACK ISSUES January 2003 to June 2003 E BOIS ecc RI EI RE RE a E PRE VOL 10 BAC
45. design conscious 1930 s where the radio really came into it s own as a piece of furniture to the war torn and austere days of the 1940 s The first transistor radios began to appear in the second half of the 1950s and in this new edition this rather neglect ed area has been fully covered by a section all of its own which includes a directory listing of nearly 3 000 different transistor models The book finishes after the 1960s by which time our long established and once great radio industry had all but been destroyed by foreign imports Now with 320 pages and over 1 000 illustrations infor mative captions and carefully researched text Radio Radio is the first and still the only truly comprehensive book of its kind ever to be published 320 pages A4 Hardback Order code RR1 40 95 GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR MULTIMETER R A Penfold This book is primarily aimed at beginners and those of limited experience of electronics Chapter 1 covers the basics of analogue and digital multimeters discussing the relative merits and the limitations of the two types In Chapter 2 various methods of component checking are described including tests for transistors thyristors resis tors capacitors and diodes Circuit testing is covered in Chapter 3 with subjects such as voltage current and continuity checks being discussed In the main little or no previous knowledge or experi ence is assumed Using these simple component and cir cuit te
46. from wafers of silicon lami nated between an impact resistant transparent cover and an EVA rear mounting plate They are constructed with a lightweight anodised aluminium frame which is predrilled for linking to other frames roof mounting structure and contain waterproof electrical terminal box on the rear 5 watt panel 29 ref 5wnav 20 watt panel 99 ref 20wnav 60 watt panel 249 ref 60wnav Suitable regulator for up to 60 watt panel 20 ref REGNAV EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS 20 tube shown These top of the range solar panel heat collectors are suitable for heating domestic hot water swimming pools etc even in the winter One unit is ade quate for an average household 3 4people and it is modular so you can add more if required A single panel is sufficient for a 200 litre cylinder but you can fit 2 or more for high water usage or for heating swimming pools or underfloor heating Some types of renewable energy are only available in certain locations however free solar heating is potentially available to almost every house in the UK Every house should have one really And with an overall efficiency of almost 8096 they are much more effi cient than electric photovoltaic solar panels efficiency of 7 159 Available in 10 20 and 30 tube versions 10 tube 199 20 tube 369 30 tube 549 Roof mounting kits 10 20 tubes 12 50 30 tube mounting kit 15 Phone for delivery charges 2kW WIND TURBINE K
47. header file is not included in the Header Files section it is not uncommon for very nasty dif ficult to locate bugs to appear in your project as a result of a change to a header file not being detected Consider two source files that share the same header file one file im plementing a function the other file using it the header file defines the parameters that are passed to and returned from the function If the two source files have a different view of how the function works the resulting code will crash or behave unpredictably Always include your header files in the project There is no need to include the standard header files such as stdio h in your project these files are system files that do not change Structuring Programs The final point we will cover this time is how you should structure your programs Structuring programs in any language is always a difficult task It s never easy when faced with a blank piece of paper or an empty editing window and the temptation is to just start writing keeping going until the code is finished Subroutines may ap pear on occasions or there may be long sequences of repeated code There is nothing wrong with this for small applications Indeed the author has seen more than one com mercial program written like this There are however problems with this monolithic style of program ming Your code will very quickly become difficult to maintain A pain in f
48. in advance of receiving your Prototype View high resolution photographic images of your PCB during each pro duction stage Be one step ahead use our realtime PCB monitoring service CB POOL I Y Y E Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 15 TT c HI More about using MultiMedia Cards with PICs the low level hardware and software interfacing to MultiMedia Cards MMC showing how simple they are to use Reading and writing to them is sur prisingly straightforward once you get over the hurdle of the various specification doc uments Accessing Data Accessing the data outside of your proj ect however is rather more difficult espe cially if you intend to store the data in your own non standard way If you are going to write or read large amounts of data after all that would be the reason for designing the media into your project in the first place then you are likely to want to be able to access the data on a PC MMC readers for the PC are readily available and very cheap as low as 5 These readers expect the media cards to have data organised on them in a structured way typically either FAT12 FATI6 or FAT32 format Most Media cards are supplied pre for matted to the FAT16 standard What this means is that some of the memory loca tions on your card contain data that defines a FAT file system just like a hard disk And this can involve quite a lot of your precious memory f
49. initial voltage is two thirds of the supply and the voltage we are interested in is one third of the supply so we have a sit uation where the capacitor voltage falls to half its initial value that is k 1 2 So the discharge time is ldischarge RC In 2 I discharge 0 693RC For discharge we have R R4 and C C1 so for the circuit in Fig 8 we get Hlischarge 0 693R4C1 The total time of one cycle T is the sum of the charge and discharge times T charge Udischarge 0 693 R1 R4 C1 0 693 R4C1 T 0 693 R1 2R4 C1 The frequency of oscillation of the astable is f 1 T so aa Z TRI 2R9 CI These formulae 7 and f give the timing for the standard 555 astable The modified circuit in Fig 8 can also be used to form the basis of the monostable shown in Fig 3 note that R4 is not present in the monostable One difference is that the trigger signal passes through compara tor 2 rather than being connected directly to the flip flop This means that the mono stable trigger activates as the trigger volt age falls below one third of the supply Note that the trigger signal is connected to the external trigger not to the capacitor for monostable operation Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Surfing The Internet Alan Winstanley Recycle Risk Confirmed his month s Net Work is over to you readers with your feed back following up on recent articles In October s issue
50. invisible i e no tanks or outside unit to see e No regular maintenance required Some tips The efficiency of any system will be greatly improved if the heated water is kept as low as possible For this reason underfloor heating is preferred to radiators It is vital to ensure that the underfloor layout is designed to use low water temperatures i e plenty of pipe and high flow rates If radiators are to be used they must be large enough Double the normal sizing as used with a boiler is a good starting point 5Kw output ground to air heat pump 1 099 ref HP5 9kw output ground to water heat pump 1 999 ref HP9 Phone for delivery charges jJ VISA 7 SOLO WE Electron quasar MRT W a FASE VAART 31 Christmas 2006 ison it s Way pts AAT idu 1 a M W have some fantastic gift ideas for you di EN C ng and older enquiring minds Electronic Mechanical Project Labs wr T Jt Motorised An electronics course sr d i in a box All assume no Wooden Kits previous knowledge Future engineers can and require NO solder learn about the opera See website for full tion of transmissions details E steered through gears Da or pulleys Easy to build no glue or sol dering required Festive Fun Electronic Bo Project Kits Solderless 250 different educa Electronic piin tional electronic kits T XU Soldering is required Project Kits z ER SITI TOA T a O
51. jack socket depending on the type of electret used It is powered from the 9V battery via 1kQ amp 22kQ resistors and a 100yF filter capacitor This decoupling is necessary to keep supply noise and ripple from degrad ing the microphone signal The output signal from the micro phone is fed to the pin 5 non invert ing input of op amp IC1a via a 100nF capacitor This capacitor and its asso ciated 100k resistor roll off the low frequency response below 16Hz Note that IC1a s pin 5 inputis biased at half supply ie Vcc 2 via the 100kQ resistor which is connected to a voltage divider consisting of two 10kQ resis tors across the 9V rail This allows the op amp s output to swing symmetri cally above and below Vcc 2 IC1a is wired as a non inverting buffer stage and provides an output Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 ET D This is the view inside the completed prototype The 6 35mm jack socket has its outer cover removed and is secured to the PC board using a cable tie The socket is then further secured by its threaded boss when the lid is fastened down which is in phase with the microphone signal By contrast IC1b is connected as an inverting amplifier It operates with a gain of 1 as set by the two 10kQ input and feedback resistors IC1b is fed from IC1a s output pin 7 and provides a complementary out of phase signal at its pin 1 output The 1nF capacitor across the feedback resistor rolls the si
52. luminance Y and colour difference R Y and B Y signals from the original colour camera signals To do this it first creates the Y signal by combining the R G and B signals in the correct proportions ie Y 0 3R 0 59G 0 11B That done it subtracts this Y signal from the R and B signals to create the colour difference signals Fig 1 shows how this is done The Y signal is produced by the mixer adder stage based on IC1a which like all of the other op amps used R1 0 59 BLUE INPUT O Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au ADDER A 2 2 R Y R Y p 752 OUT gt o LAE R1 RI 2R1 INVERTER A 2 Y LUMINANCE 75Q OUT B OUT D Fig 1 the RGB signals are added in the correct proportions in op amp IC1a to produce a Y inverted luminance signal This is then fed to IC1b amp IC2b to produce the R Y and B Y colour difference signals while inverter IC2a produces the Y luminance signal is one half of a MAX4451ESA dual wideband amplifier This stage is used to combine the three input signals in the right proportions as determined by the three input resistor values Because IC1a is connected as an inverting amplifier the signal at its output is an inverted version of the Y signal ie Y This Y signalisthen added to the R signal in IC1b to derive the R Y colour difference signal In fact IC1b operates with a gain of two as se
53. most countries in the world EU residents outside the UK add 5 for airmail postage per order 36 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Readers Circuits Ingenuity Unlimited Our regular round up of readers own circuits We pay between 10 and 50 for all material pub lished depending on length and technical merit We re looking for novel applications and circuit designs not simply mechani cal electrical or software ideas Ideas must be the reader s own work and must not have been published or submitted for publication else where The circuits shown have NOT been proven by us ngenuity Unlimited is open to ALL abilities but items for consideration in this column should be typed or word processed with a brief circuit description between 100 and 500 words maximum and include a full circuit diagram showing all component values Please draw all circuit schematics as clearly as possible Send your circuit ideas to Ingenuity Unlimited Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND We do not accept submissions for IU via email Your ideas could earn you some cash and a prize 1000 Year Flasher Heralding the Next Millennium HE author is not certain how one I would define a micropower cir cuit He would put it at less than about 20u A Very few integrated circuits work with such low power but those that do include the quad NAND Schmitt trigger ICI shown in
54. of radio transmitting and telephone equipment which may be advertised in our pages cannot be legally used in the UK Readers should check the law before buying any transmitting or telephone equipment as a fine confiscation of equipment and or imprisonment can result from illegal use or ownership The laws vary from country to country readers should check local laws A roundup of the latest Everyday News from the world DIGITAL TV S CONFUSION Whats the difference between VCRs and PVRs There are still mysteries to be solved before digital TV can take over as Barry Fox reports OT on the heels of Ofcom and Digital UK s confusion over the dif ference between VCRs and PVRs two more of the disparate bodies involved in switching the UK over from analogue to digital TV have admitted that VCR con version is a serious obstacle After a closed meeting with manufacturers and retailers from which the press were excluded the Digital Television Group and Freeview DTV Services Ltd owned by the BBC National Grid Wireless BSkyB ITV and Channel 4 issued a telling press release Announcement With digital switchover planned to start in 2008 clear consumer understanding of digital TV recording is needed Recent Freeview research has shown that there is little consumer awareness of digital TV recorders PVRs or Personal Video Recorders a finding supported by limited uptake of the devices already available for the DTT plat
55. pounds a time when I questioned what use he had for them he said none at all I just put them on eBay and sell them at a profit It s not really dif ficult to see how your old hard drive can end up in Nigeria Name and address supplied Thank you for confirming what I half suspected It is also why I remove disk drive platters and destroy them completely rather than allow them to be recycled In my local county however it seems the policy is to rotate the staff on duty at recycling centres to pre vent people becoming too friendly with them A Better VNC Thomas Stratford writes In last month s Net Work article you mention Real VNC as a way of remotely operating a PC We use it all the time at work as it works really well but the screen refresh is a little slow I have recently found out that there were security flaws in Real VNC see the Techtarget web site at http tinyurl com y95h6q One of our customers was hacked they had Real VNC loaded The hacker opened Microsoft Word and defaced a document closed Word again then disconnected If we find Real VNC installed now we are removing it and installing Tight VNC instead from www tightvnc com Tight VNC is claimed to be an enhanced version of Real VNC An upgrade claiming to fix all known security issues was posted by Real VNC in May 2006 and a limited version of the latest version 4 1 2 is available as a free download from www realvnc com Incidentally re
56. previous Interface articles and it created a signifi cant amount of interest from EPE readers This is not surprising as it is a reasonably competent version of Visual BASIC that is available as a free download from the Microsoft web site Although the original intention was for this program to be available as normal commercial software after November 7 2006 it will now remain as a free download for its lifetime Thus 1t should still be avail able as a free download when this maga zine appears in the newsagents and for some time thereafter There is no way of knowing how long Microsoft will continue to support this program so it is probably advisable to download it sooner rather than later if it is something that might be of use to you The Microsoft web site has a great deal of useful information about Visual BASIC 2005 Express and the other programs in the Visual Studio 2005 Express range These are all available as free downloads incidentally This is the best place to start for information on Visual BASIC 2005 Express and there is also a link to the download on this page http msdn microsoft com vstudio express vb Graphics Capability Although Visual BASIC 2005 Express is in many ways a very capable piece of soft ware it would be naive to expect it to be the equal of the full price versions of Visual BASIC It is inevitable that some aspects of the program are limited or absent Some readers have queried the la
57. protrude through its match ing hole in the front panel when the board is installed in its case Drilling the panels The next step in the construction is to prepare the front and rear panels 23 RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER Fig 6a Full size top etching pattern for the PC board of the case This involves drilling and reaming a small number of holes for the various connectors and the power indicator LED using photocopies ofthe panel artworks as templates see Fig 4 5V FROM PC BOARD 100nF Unfortunately some set top boxes do not output a sync on green which in the converter circuit would propagate through to the Y luminance output for use in the TV However they do have composite video outputs This lit tle add on circuit extracts the sync pulses from the composite signal and adds them to the Y output to 24 Once that s done additional photo copies of the artworks can attached to the outside of each panel for a profes sional finish The way to do this is to first make a copy of each artwork on TO PIN2 OF IC2a correct this deficiency If the sync on green is not present the set will probably display a blank screen A fourth RCA input socket can be added to the front panel of the converter to accept the composite signal from the set top box or other appliance The appliance may have a composite output in the form of a separate RCA phono socket or as adhesive backed A4 label
58. the car needs model features fast data transfer capable of SEA RU GI Der GS LTTE OD Li to idle reducing unnecessary idle time The transmitting Foxtel digital remote control signals ani E Mp sits boost pra die is ideal sensitivity and maximum idle time are both using the Pace 400 series decoder Kit supplied id E cus J CSI A 3 irme odds E adjustable so you can be sure your turbo will with case screen printed front panel PCB with pertorman wer Wea einer e S0051 GIVE cool properly Kit supplied with PCB and all overlay and all electronic Fa SS SES vt i Ce SLA alia coi electronic components components a programmed using the handheld digital controller KC 5386 shown above Kit supplied with PCB machined case and all Requires 9VDC T electronic components wall adaptor E e Suitable for EFI and Maplin GS74R n 4f E engine management 9 99 NF systems only Intelligent Turbo Timer Kit GREETINGS gt EPE had been publishing a series of popular kits by the acclaimed Silicon Chip Magazine Australia These projects are brilliantly designed bullet proof and already tested down under All Jaycar kits are supplied with specified board components quality fibreglass tinned PCBs and have clear English instructions Delta Throttle Timer It will trigger a relay when the throttle is depressed or lifted quickly There is a long list of uses for this kit such as automatic transmission switching of economy to power modes triggerin
59. the input of an LM1881 sync separator IC The separated sync pulses ap pear on pin 1 of the LM1881 after which they re inverted by transistor Q1 The result is injected into the Y signal path by feeding it into the input pin 2 of op amp IC2a on the converter PC board An 8 2kQ series resistor effectively sets the sync level at about 0 3V The circuit can be built on a small piece of stripboard approx 20 x 40mm and attached to a vacant area of the PC board with double sided tape Graham Bowman Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Troubleshooting In the unlikely event that it doesn t work the first step is to go back over your work and carefully check that all components are correctly positioned and orientated Check also for missed solder joints especially where leads have to be soldered on both sides of the PC board Next check the power supply rails with your multimeter There should be 45V at the output of REG1 and 5V at the output of REG2 If you don t get these voltages check the two regulators and diodes D1 and D2 plus the polarity of all electrolytic capacitors You should also be able to measure 5V with respect to board earth on pin 8 of each ofthe two surface mount ICs Similarly pin 4 of each device should be at 5V but be careful not to short out adjacent pins with the meter probe when making these measurements Finally if LED1 fails to light even though the 5V rail is correct
60. use of the radio transmitting feature is not exploited This particularly applies to applica tions where the user doesn t need to roam too far In those situations a much cheaper solution is to dispense with the radio system and instead use a tethered lapel microphone ie one that s tethered to the PA amplifier via a lead However obtaining such a wired lapel system is quite another matter Music shops are keen to sell the wire less microphones but are usually at a loss when asked to supply a wired type The older style dynamic lapel microphones simply no longer ap pear to be available while the smaller electret microphones require a power source So why can t you simply use an electret microphone and power it from the phantom supply that s sometimes available in PA mixers Unfortunately it s not as simple as that for a couple of reasons First many mixers do not have phantom power and if they do the current available is well in excess of that required for an electret micro Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Uses standard electret lapel microphone Adaptor attached to belt or in pocket Battery powered 9V Balanced output Muting facility Battery indicator phone Electrets require only 0 5mA or less for correct operation whereas the phantom power from a PA mixer is usually between 14mA and 60mA 39 Parts List Lapel Microphone Adaptor 1 PC board code 593 available from the EPE PCB
61. viatheir upstream USB cable That s fine in most cases as the hub s internal circuitry only needs a few tens of milliamps to operate However things start to get a little more complicated if you try to con nect a number of bus powered USB peripherals to your PC via such a hub because the hub s downstream output sockets can each only supply a maxi mum of 100mA That s because all 10 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 D1 D4 4 x 1N4004 USB IN FROM PC USB POWER INJECTOR D5 1N4004 Q2 IRF9540 IN REG 7805 CON2 USB SKT TYPEA 1N4004 um A K USB OUT TO PERIPHERAL Fig 1 the USB Power Injector is essentially a switch and a 5V regulator The Vbus supply from USB socket CON1 turns on transistor Q1 which then turns on MOSFET Q2 This then feeds unregulated DC to REG1 which in turn supplies 5V to the downstream USB socket CON2 of their power must ultimately come from the PC itself of course What happens if you have one of these hubs already powering say three USB powered peripherals and then you buy a USB powered scanner or label printer that needs to draw more than 100mA Ah that is a problem Luckily it s easily solved all you need is the USB Power Injector described here It s designed to be connected in series with the USB cable to your new peripheral and also to a 9V AC or DC plugpack When it detects 5V DC coming from the PC and or hub
62. 0 87 ULN2003A 0 38 2N3903 011 BC636 0 10 TIP32A 74LS00 0 38 OA90 0 33 doves EAS SOTA Cor 10 UINDOMA Ei DAD ENG H Te 4078B 0 30 44 202 0 22 DG211C 125 ULN2804A 0 41 VEM EGR 2N3906 0 05 BC 39 0 0 TIPAIA 40818 e o oli 22 00 ENDE io 50 08 BC640 0 13 TIP4IC 40828 oe TOE 2 21 MERON s e 008 5N4403 0 09 BCY 2 0 20 TIP42A Quali 4085B 0 28 441805 0 14 CL7107CPL 206 24LCO0BP 0 73 UF4003 00 3N5245 0 80 BDI24P 6 86 TIP42C l eommonents 40868 0 93 4L508 20 19 c 7109CIP 5 76 24 16b 0 67 LIFAQU4 2000 5N5296 057 BDI3 0 48 TIP50 SII RIS Sorel x9 74LS09 0 15 EL7611IBCP 100 24 C32AP 1 14 UF4005 ONDE NDS UU Epis 046 TIP110 o surplus or 4093B 0 16 7ALS10 0 27 00 57128 200 399 UF4006 0 10 2N54 redundant stock 4094B 0 29 ICL7621 0 84 2N5551 0 07 BD135 0 22 TIP120 30 All from lead 22 7AUST 0 17 ISS Ln 0 80 2 256 200 3 99 UF4007 0 14 2N 07 BD136 021 TIP121 rom leading 4098B 022 ALS12 0 25 80 57C64A 15F 2 80 Zeners 2 7 to 33V 2N6421 A i manufactures 4099B 0 35 ICMZ555 0 41 2N7000 0 19 BD137 0 23 TIP122 35 741514 0 33 41 27C256B 15F 3 00 500mW 0 06 ICM7556 1 04 2SB548 0 30 BD138 0 12 TIP125 I 4502B 0 32 741815 0 2 94 27C512 15F1 2 85 1 3W 0 10 Quality 74L 24 BD139 0 23 TIP126 E 4503B 0 40 L165V 2 36 C1001 15 3 17 A m INC 0 50 Service 74LS20 0 27 272M 121 E 4 Bridge Rectifi
63. 017 0 36 AD822AN 5 20 TLO62CP 0 60 6A6 0 32 SNISOSA 030 BC548A 0 08 MJ11016 ots 4052B 0 32 74HC4020 0 36 AD829JN 6 41 TLOG4CN 0 29 oe 0 30 2N12907A 028 BC548B 0 09 MJE340 33 We now carry in 4053B 0 22 74HC4040 0 29 AD830AN 5 44 TLOZICN 0 30 e o IN3053 038 BC548C 0 08 MJE350 stock a Migs 4054B 0 56 74HC4049 0 31 ADB47IN 5 95 TLO 2CN 0 40 BA157 60 07 2N3054 0 85 BC549B 0 09 MPSA05 range of 4055B 0 34 74HC4051 0 50 AD9696KN 7 73 TLO 4CN 0 25 3 29 0 13 2N3055 0 58 BC549C 0 09 MPSA13 fora Pest position 4060B 0 16 74HC4052 0 34 ADEL2020A 5 06 TL081 0 28 BAT 012 2N3439 0 62 BC550C 0 11 MPSA42 E E 4063B 0 41 74HC4053 0 22 ADM222AH 3 55 TLOB2CN 0 32 BATA 60 07 2N3440 0 50 BC556A 0 08 MPSA55 TE 4066B 0 18 74HC4060 0 23 ADM232AA 3 55 TLO84CN 0 37 BATAS 0 12 2N3702 0 09 BC556B 0 10 MPSA56 0 12 ROSE e Or A BOAI DA I S TAP Novus DUAE SEIS BEI UEM ns Tedin 07 2N3704 0 11 ingle or Dual 4069UB 0 17 74HC4511 0 64 ADM690AN 5 13 TS272CN 0 57 BAV2 0 07 2N3705 008 BC557C 0 0 TIP29C 35 Single or Dua 4070B 0 15 74HC4514 0 84 ADM691AN 6 48 TS274CN 0 50 BAW62 ota i 144 BC558A 0 08 TIP30A gang 4071B 0 20 74HC4538 0 4 ADM695AN 6 48 TS555CN 0 40 BAG 0718 2N37 2 12 BC556B 0 09 TIP30C Sirio 2090 CRN R IER SORS QUAND AELA BE PEN 15 VALS Series 2o OA47 0 70 i 40758 0 17 CA3130E
64. 1 SP172 SP173 SP174 SP175 SP177 SP178 SP181 SP182 SP183 SP187 SP189 SP192 SP195 SP197 SP198 SP199 SP130 SP200 SP131 2007 Catalogue available 1 inc P amp P or FREE with first order P amp P 1 75 per order NO VAT Cheques and Postal Orders to Sherwood Electronics 7 Williamson St Mansfield Notts NG19 6TD 10 each value total 690 0 5W 6 95 1000 popular values 0 5W 8 95 PLEASE ENSURE YOU TELEPHONE TO CHECK AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT BEFORE ORDERING OR CALLING SPECIAL OFFERS HP 8165A Programmable Signal Source 1MHz 50MHz Pulse Function HP 3325A Synthesised Function Gen 21MHz HP 3312A Function Gen 0 1Hz 13MHz AM FM Sleep Tri Burstetc 06 ccc eect eee eens 200 WAVETEK 21 Stabilised Function Gen 11MHz HP 182T with 8557A 10kHz 350MHz HP 140T with 8555A 10MHz 18GHz ADVANTEST TR4131 10kHz 3 5GHz WAYNE KERR SSA1000A 150kHz 1GHz MARCONI 2382 200Hz 400MHz High Resolution MARCONI 2370 30Hz 110MHz HP 5316A Universal Counter 0 100MHz HPIB THANDAR TF810 Frequency Counter 5Hz 200MHz Battery 60 THANDAR TF200 Frequency Meter 10Hz 200MHz 8 digit 40 BLACK STAR Meteor 100 Counter 5Hz 100MHz BLACK STAR 1325 Counter Timer 1300MHz BECKMAN UC10A Universal Counter 120MHz OSCILLOSCOPES TEKTRONIX 2247A 4 Channel 100MHz Counter Timer Voltmeter TEKTRONIX 2335 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep 125 TEKTRONIX 485 Dual Trace 350MHz Delay Sweep 300 IWATSU SS5711 4 Channel 100MHz Delay Swe
65. 2 874562 E mail orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 47 EPE PIC RESOURCES CD ROM V2 Version 2 includes the EPE PIC Tutorial V2 series of Supplements ONLY EPE April May June 2003 1 4 45 The CD ROM contains the following INCLUDING Tutorial related software and texts VAT and P amp P EPE PIC Tutorial V2 complete series of articles plus Or der on line from demonstration software John Becker April May June 03 www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm PIC Toolkit Mk3 TK3 hardware construction details giae sg aa ie G 3 John Becker Oct 01 y y PIC Toolkit TK3 for Windows software details John Becker Nov 01 Plus these useful texts to help you get the most out of your CD ROM ORDER FORM PIC programming EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 Please send me quantity EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 CD ROM How to Use Intelligent L C D s Julyan Ilett Feb Mar 97 PIC16F87x Microcontrollers Review John Becker I I I Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world April 99 I PIC16F87x Mini Tutorial John Becker Oct 99 Name e Using PICs and Keypads John Becker Jan 01 POSS RETE RIETI TTE T TETTE DE I How to Use Graphics L C D s with PICs John Becker i Feb 01 WERTE I
66. 3 6A 200V 0 64 BC177 0 15 BERO el d 3 fax or email for 74HCOO 0 1674L9136 0 23 M13700 135 16F627 20IP 1 80 6A 400V 0 53 BC178 0 18 i a quote 74HCO2 0 17 74LS138 0133 LMC660CN 1 26 17F628 20 P 2 58 6A 600V 0 67 s s s s 74HC03 0 21 741S139 0 26 3 72 6A 800V 0 3 We carry a large range of capacitors in stock including 7AHCOA 0 14 n 0 56 Takeo hen 16F867 04SP 5 10 ga 100V 0 98 Ceramic Mini Disc Dipped Ceramic Multilayer Dipped amp So CE 74HC08 0 16 7415148 0 64 P324N 60 95 16F877 20P 5 79 8A 200V 1 00 Mylar Film Polystyrene Plastic Film MKT Polyester Tantalum Bead Sub min 74HC10 0 21 12 Voltage 8A 400V 1 20 iature Radial 105 C Radial Low Leakage Radial Non Polarised Radial amp Ax 74HC11 021 EE ae ae UE Regu ators a GOON 2 E ial Boo Con Flectrolytics Polypropylene amp Ceramic Trimmers and Tuning 74HC14 0 18 74LS156 FOE EN 780 0 27 EE pe capacitors Full technical details available onn M 74HC20 0 28 74LS157 0 22 M34 2 0 30 7806 0 29 SRA 200V 154 Resistors Please State Value Required value onl VAHC27 0 16 74LS158 0 21 MAX202CPE 2 00 808 0 27 SA 400V 198 1 8W Carbon Film 5 E12 Series 100 1MO 0 02 Each 0 80 per 100 74HC30 0 22 74LS160 0 48 MAX208CN 6 99 7812 0 20 ABA 400V 1 82 AW Carbon Film 596 E12 Series 1Q 10M 0 02 Each 0 60 per 100 74HC32 0 14 7ALS161 0 32 MAY220CPE 5 06 7815 0 27 SPA FOV 6167 YW Me
67. 306A Order 741585 0 48 LM335Z S A V 34 BC109C 0 16 7 5 4536B 1 00 12 DACO800 2 40 BD438 0 22 ZVN4310A i Order what you 74LS86 025 LM339N 0 19 2A 200V 0 34 BC114 0 19 NA 040 741592 0 45 LM32N 036 CLZTOPCPL 7 75 2A 400V 0 35 BC115 0 41 BD442 0 37 ZVP2106A 0 42 need no pack 45438 0 47 74LS93 0 58 LM35DZ CO ZA uControllers 2A 800V 0 36 BC118 0 41 BD534 0 47 ZVP2110A quantities or min Ba DRAOI RU OIS ICO Qni SIR eels Dr 22S RG order valve 4556B 0 40 74 2112 024 LM380N 0 90 PIC Series 3A 400V 0 40 Belas Hd 0 92 ZTX450 Quanti 74LS113 0 23 3A 600V 0 33 BC140 0 75 L 4585B 0 47 7415114 0 36 LM392N 0 79 12C509A04P 0 83 34 1000V 0 33 BC142 050 BD648 0 52 ZTX453 Available 4724B 0 94 7415122 03 LM 323N 0 21 16C54C04P 1 49 4A 100V 0 78 BC143 0 38 BD650 0 53 ZTX500 16 We offer dis 40106B 0 19 3 LM1881 2 20 16C54BJW 7 60 4A 200V 0 80 17 BDX32 1 78 ZTX502 counts for all 741S123 0 31 Ma901IN 0 15 BC159 0 17 l 40109B 0 58 5415125 0 28 42 16C56A 04P 1 63 4A 400V 0 86 BC160 0 28 BDX34C 0 45 ZTX550 22 items subject to 40174B 0 46 7415126 0 25 LMZITANS 1 98 16F84 04P 3 14 4A 600V 0 90 BCI70B 0 16 BDX53C 0 53 ZTX55 quantity re 40175B 1 0 41 7418132 0 47 43914 6199 16F84 10P 3 76 6A 100V 0 49 BC171B 0 16 BDX54C 0 50 ZTX600 0 quired phone 74HC Series ZA S139 0 36 M3915 224 16F627 04P 1 5
68. 4 BURGLAR ALARMS TELEPHONE DIALLER FOR Aug 22 CARD READER AND PROGRAMMER SMART May 54 CAR LED LIGHTING FOR YOUR May 28 CAR QUICK BRAKE Nov 24 CAR SMART MIXTURE DISPLAY FOR YOUR Sept 26 CAR TIPTRONIC STYLE GEARBOX INDICATOR Jan 10 CARS ADJUSTABLE DC DC CONVERTER FOR Aug 34 CARS DIGITAL INSTRUMENT DISPLAY FOR Jun 18 Jul 54 CHEAP HIGH CURRENT BENCH SUPPLY DIRT Jul 31 CLAMP ADAPTOR FOR MULTIMETERS CURRENT Jan 60 CONTINUITY TESTER PROGRAMMABLE Apr 10 CONVERTER FOR CARS ADJUSTABLE DC DC Aug 34 CONVERTER RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO Dec 18 CROSSOVER FOR LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS ACTIVE 3 WAY Feb 22 CURRENT BENCH SUPPLY DIRT CHEAP HIGH Jul 31 CURRENT CLAMP ADAPTOR FOR MULTIMETERS by John Clarke Jan 60 DC DC CONVERTER FOR CARS ADJUSTABLE Aug 34 DIALLER FOR BURGLAR ALARMS TELEPHONE Aug 22 DIGITAL INSTRUMENT DISPLAY FOR CARS by John Clarke Jun 18 Jul 54 DIGITAL REACTION TIMER by Jim Rowe May 10 DIRT CHEAP HIGH CURRENT BENCH SUPPLY by Col Hodgson VK2ZCO Jul 31 DISPLAY FOR CARS DIGITAL INSTRUMENT Jun 18 Jul 54 DISPLAY FOR YOUR CAR SMART MIXTURE Sept 26 DISPLAY GIANT LED MESSAGE Nov 10 DISTORTION EFFECTS FOR YOUR GUITAR WIDGY BOX Jun 30 DOOR OPEN ALARM FRIDGE Oct 22 EFFECTS FOR YOUR GUITAR WIDGY BOX DISTORTION Jun 30 FLASH TRIGGER SMART SLAVE Apr 60 FLEXIBLE KEYPAD ALARM HIGHLY Feb 10 FREQUENCY METER LOW COST 50MHz Sept 10 FRIDGE DOOR OPEN ALARM by John Clarke Oct 22 GAME MIND TRAINER Dec 50 GAUGE WATER LEVEL Sept 62 GEAR IN
69. 6 pages 288 pages PCB SERVICE Printed circuit boards for most recent EPE constructional projects are available from the PCB Service see list These are fabricated in glass fibre and are fully drilled and roller tinned All prices include VAT and postage and packing Add 1 per board for airmail outside of Europe Remittances should be sent to The PCB Service Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk On line Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Cheques should be crossed and made payable to Everyday Practical Electronics Payment in sterling only NOTE While 95 of our boards are held in stock and are dispatched within seven days of receipt of order please allow a maximum of 28 days for delivery overseas readers allow extra if ordered by surface mail Back numbers or photocopies of articles are available if required see the Back Issues page for details We do not supply kits or components for our projects Please check price and availability in the latest issue A large number of older boards are listed on our website Boards can only be supplied on a payment with order basis X PIC Ultrasonic Scanner JUN 05 Radio Control Model Switcher Back To Basics 3 Scarecrow Digital Lock CompactFlash Interface Board LF VLF Converter JUL 05 Fixed Capacitor Board
70. 7 R9 to R13 S1 3 100k R14 to R16 1 4 digit common cathode red LED display CC56 12EWA Multistrand connecting wire X1 ribbon cable optional see text 1 battery holder for two AA or solder etc AAA cells with battery clips 1 18 pin DIL socket Semiconductors 1 PIC16F54 microcontroller preprogrammed see text IC1 Fig 1 Complete circuit diagram for the Mind Trainer Power is supplied by two AA or AAA type cells Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 51 and higher profile components with the PIC s socket mounted last The pinouts for the display and keypad are shown in Fig 3 and Fig 4 These items should be mounted on the track side of the PCB using short lengths of discarded resistor leads or ribbon cable as preferred When assembly is finished check all of the connections to ensure that there are no solder splashes between adjacent copper tracks or pins and that the joints are all sound If this is so the preprogrammed PIC should be plugged in ensuring that it is the correct way around The circuit can now be powered up using a 3V battery or two 1 5V cells in series AA or AAA are suitable These are best mounted in a battery holder which should be connected to the PCB either directly or via a suitable connec tor On off switch S1 is inserted in the 3V battery lead b k3k2 f a kl TOP VIEW k CATHODE dp DECIMAL POINT 4 5 Lel 7 8 Lol o j Fig 4
71. CTRONIC CONSTRUCTION KITS This 30 in 1 electronic kit includes an introduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used to make a variety of experiments including Timers and Burglar Alarms Requires 3 x AA batteries 15 00 ref BET1803 AM FM Radio This kit enables you to learn about electronics and also put this knowledge into practice so you can see and hear the effects Includes manual with explanations about the com ponents and the electronic principles Req s 3 x AA batts 13 ref BET1801 This 40 in 1 electronic kit includes an introduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used in making basic digi tal logic circuits then pro gresses to using Integrated circuits to make and test a variety of digital circuits including Flip Flops and Counters Req s 4 x AA batteries 17 ref BET1804 The 75 in 1 electronic kit x includes an nintroduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used to make and test a wide variety of experi ments including Water Sensors Logic Circuits and Oscillators The kit then progresses to the use of an intergrated circuit to produce digital voice and sound recording experiments such as Morning Call and Burglar Alarm Requires 3 x AA batteries 20 ref BET1806 SOLAR PANELS We stock a range of solar photovoltaic panels These are polycrystalline panels made
72. Current consumption 4mA when on 11mA on mute 0 1uA when off the PA system This muting function is completely silent in operation ie there are no clicks and pops in the sound when the muting is switched in or out As shown in the photos the unit is housed in a small case which contains a separate battery compartment The lapel microphone plugs into a socket at the top ofthe case while the output lead plugs into a 6 35mm stereo socket on one side A single 3 position slide switch is used to switch the power on off and to select the muting An adjacent green indicator LED flashes when the power is switched on and this can also be used to indicate the battery condition A bright flash indicates a good battery with the LED becoming increasingly dim as the battery goes flat In addition the LED serves as an indicator by glowing faintly when the switch is in the Mute position It also flashes brightly and decays when the unit is switched off to acknowledge the switch selection Circuit details Fig 1 shows the full circuit details of the Lapel Microphone Adaptor It includes a dual op amp package IC1 to dothe audio signal processing plus two relays to shunt the signal on each balanced line to ground during mut ing Power for the circuit is derived from a 9V battery and is applied via reverse polarity protection diode D1 and power switch 5S1 The electret microphone is plugged into a mini XLR male socket or a 3 5mm
73. DICATOR TIPTRONIC STYLE Jan 10 GIANT LED MESSAGE DISPLAY by John Becker Nov 10 GUITAR WIDGY BOX DISTORTION EFFECTS FOR YOUR Jun 30 HEART JAZZY Feb 66 HIGH CURRENT BENCH SUPPLY DIRT CHEAP Jul 31 HIGH INTENSITY TORCH by Gerard Samblancat Aug 60 HIGHLY FLEXIBLE KEYPAD ALARM by John Clarke Feb 10 HOME THEATRE SYSTEMS LOUDSPEAKER LEVEL METER FOR Aug 10 HOME THEATRE VIDEO AUDIO BOOSTER FOR THE Mar 62 HOUND NAIL SNIFFER AND VOLTS May 20 HUMAN POWERED LED TORCHES by Julian Edgar Sept 36 INDICATOR TIPTRONIC STYLE GEAR Jan 10 INJECTOR USB POWER Dec 10 INSTRUMENT DISPLAY FOR CARS DIGITAL Jun 18 Jul 54 INTENSITY TORCH HIGH Aug 60 INTERFACE TELESCOPE Mar 22 JAZZY HEART by Thomas Scarborough Feb 66 KEYPAD ALARM HIGHLY FLEXIBLE Feb 10 LAPEL MICROPHONE ADAPTOR FOR PA SYSTEMS by John Clarke Dec 38 LED FLASHER JAZZY HEART Feb 66 LED LIGHTING FOR YOUR CAR by Peter Smith May 28 LED MESSAGE DISPLAY GIANT Nov 10 LED TORCHES HUMAN POWERED Sept 36 LED TORCH HIGH INTENSITY Aug 60 LEDs LINEAR SUPPLY FOR 1W STAR Oct 46 LEVEL GAUGE WATER Sept 62 LEVEL METER LOUDSPEAKER Aug 10 LIGHT SENSING LED DISPLAY PIC AMBILUX Jan 40 LIGHTING FOR YOUR CAR LED May 28 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 LINEAR SUPPLY FOR 1W STAR LEDs by Peter Smith LOCATOR POOR MAN S METAL LOUDSPEAKER LEVEL METER by John Clarke LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS ACTIVE 3 WAY CROSSOVER FOR LOW COST 50MHz FREQUENCY METER by John Clarke MESSAGE DISPLAY GIANT LED M
74. Dec 18 Jun 56 Apr 60 May 54 Sept 26 Apr 60 May 20 Oct 46 Feb 40 Oct 10 Nov 54 Jul 10 Jan 26 Oct 46 Jul 31 Mar 38 Jan 26 Feb 22 Aug 22 Mar 22 Jun 56 Apr 10 Mar 62 Oct 31 May 10 Jan 10 Aug 60 Sept 36 Dec50 Sept 44 Apr 60 Mar 38 Dec 10 Mar 62 Dec 18 May 20 Sept 62 Jun 30 69 SPECIAL SEHIES C FOR PICs by Mike Hibbett PART 1 Introduction overview and getting started Nov 32 PART 2 Creating Programs Dec 28 CIRCUIT SURGERY by lan Bell Common Mode Rejection Ratio Sept 54 Connected transistor pairs Feb 38 Driving multiple LEDs May 25 Logic Level Conversion Aug 52 More On Extending PIC Output Capabilities Apr 27 More on gain and impedance calculations Jan 36 More on timing formulae for 555 timers Nov 64 Op amp Output Capabilities Jun 65 Schmitt Trigger Circuits Jul 61 Shift registers can extend PIC output capabilities Mar 68 Timing Formulae for 555 Timers Oct 56 Dec 56 INGENUITY UNLIMITED 1000 Year Flasher Dec 37 Adjustable Touch Switch Aug 40 Automatic Doorbell May 67 Clipping Indicator for the STA7360 Feb 20 Disco Light Nov 41 Dog Alert Mar 70 Magic Bulb Jul 40 Aug 40 Pico Prize Winners Mar 70 Random Colour Generator Oct 40 Simple FM Radio Jan 24 Simple Sonar Jun 52 Solar Radio Sept 34 Sound Effects Generator Apr 28 Super Vibration Switch Jun 51 Switch Mode LED Unit Oct 41 INTERFACE by Robert Penfold Boosting output currents Apr 54 Exploring the graphics capability of Visual Basic
75. E HE H Pe isina E ETT TEETH PIC Mirrmcasirmlerg ia SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK 6 months 18 75 12 months 35 50 two years 66 Overseas 6 months 21 75 standard air service or 30 75 express airmail 12 months 41 50 standard air service or 59 50 express airmail 24 months 78 stan dard air service or 114 express airmail To subscribe from the USA or Canada see page 54 Online subscriptions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 15 99US approx 9 00 for one year available from www epemag com Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics and sent to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at http www epemag wimborne co uk Subscriptions start with the next available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club Maestro or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page BINDERS Binders to hold one volume 12 issues are available from the above address These are finished in blue p v c printed with the magazine logo in gold on the spine Price 7 95 plus 3 50 p amp p for overseas readers the postage is 6 00 to everywhere except Australia and Papua New Guinea which cost 10 50 Normally sent within seven days but please allow 28 days for delivery more for
76. ERATORS HP 8350B Sweeper with 83592B 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350A Sweeper with 83592A 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350B Main Frame Only HP 83525B RF Plug in for 8350 0 01 8 4GHz HP 83590A RF Plug in for 8350 2 20GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 1 3GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 2 6GHz HP 86603A RF Plug in for 8660C 1 2600MHz HP86631B Axillary Section for 86600 Lue HP86632B Modulation Section for 86600 MARCONI 2017 0 01 124MHz Low Phase Noise MARCONI 2019 Synthesised AM FM 80kHz 1040MHz 325 FLUKE 6060B AM FM Syn Sig Gen 10kHz 1050MMHz 300 LEADER LSG221B Sig Gen 25 950MHz HP 8656B Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8656A Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8640A AM FM 500kHz 512MHz HP 8620C Sweep Osc with 86290B 2 18 6GHz HP8620C Sweep Osc with 86222B 0 01 2 4GHz HP8620C B A with any of the following plug ins HP 86220A Plug in 10 1300MHz HP 86230B Plug in 1 5 4GHz HP 86235A Plug in 1 7 4 3GHz HP 86240A Plug in 2 8 5GHz HP 86240C Plug in 3 6 8 6GHz HP 86245A Plug in 5 9 12 4GHz HP86250B Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86250D Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86260A Plug in 12 4 18GHz MARCONI TF2015 AM FM 10 520MHz MARCONI TF2016 AM FM 10kHz 120MHz PHILIPS PM5328 100kHz 180MHz with 200MHz Freq Counter IEEE PANASONIC VP8117A AM FM 100kHz 110MHz FM 0 100kHz Digital Display etc Unused STEWART of READING fee rx e 17A King Street Mortimer Near Reading RG7 3RS Li VIS Telephone 0118 933 1111 Fax 0118 933 2375 Teri www stewart of reading
77. ETAL LOCATOR POOR MAN S METER LOUDSPEAKER LEVEL METER LOW COST 50MHz FREQUENCY MICROPHONE ADAPTOR FOR PA SYSTEMS LAPEL MICROPOWER BATTERY PROTECTOR by Peter Smith MIND TRAINER by Bart Trepak MIXTURE DISPLAY FOR YOUR CAR SMART MODULE STUDIO 350 POWER AMPLIFIER MONITOR PC POWER MONITOR STATUS MULTIMETERS CURRENT CLAMP ADAPTOR FOR NAIL SNIFFER AND VOLTS HOUND by Edwin Chicken MBE MSc OMNI PENDULUM by Thomas Scarborough PA SYSTEMS LAPEL MICROPHONE ADAPTOR FOR PC POWER MONITOR by Jim Rowe PENDULUM OMNI PHONE RING AND TEST by Terry de Vaux Balbirnie PIC AMBILUX by John Becker PIC CONTROLLED LED TORCH HIGH INTENSITY PIC SUDOKU UNIT by John Becker POOR MAN S METAL LOCATOR by Thomas Scarborough PORTAPAL PUBLIC ADDRESS AMPLIFIER by John Clarke and Leo Simpson POWER AMPLIFIER MODULE STUDIO 350 POWER INJECTOR USB POWER MONITOR PC POWER UP by John Clarke PROGRAMMABLE CONTINUITY TESTER by Trent Jackson PROGRAMMER SMART CARD READER AND PROTECTOR MICROPOWER BATTERY PUBLIC ADDRESS AMPLIFIER PORTAPAL QUICK BRAKE by Julian Edgar and John Clarke RADIO RECEIVER TRF REACTION TIMER DIGITAL READER AND PROGRAMMER SMART CARD RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER by Jim Rowe RING AND TEST PHONE SLAVE FLASH TRIGGER SMART SMART CARD READER AND PROGRAMMER by Peter Smith SMART MIXTURE DISPLAY FOR YOUR CAR by Julian Edgar amp John Clarke SMART SLAVE FLASH TRIGGER by Jim Rowe SNIFFER AND VOLTS HOUND NAIL STAR LEDs LI
78. I described how old computers and personal data dumped by consumers onto British rubbish tips were finding their way into the hands of Nigerian dealers I suggested various software products that could shred personal data thoroughly to protect against data theft once a disk is discarded A reader sup plied more background Your October 2006 column queried how personal computer hard ware and data could end up on sale in Nigeria I run an electronics repair company and I buy faulty discarded electronic equipment that I refurbish and sell on for years my source of this faulty equipment has been the local authority rubbish tip or recycling centre Most people associate the word recycling with items that have been smashed up melted down and made into something else but in reality this is far from the truth Go to your local recycling cen tre with a pocket full of cash and you can buy anything on display of course items such as TVs and videos will probably be faulty and require some sort of repair no problem to someone like myself but computers are usually thrown away working because people have upgraded to the latest model Two computers I have bought in the past come to mind one was from a solicitor s office and contained confidential files and letters and another came from a florist and had company accounts names and addresses of bad payers etc One guy I met was remov ing hard drives and buying them for a couple of
79. IC based circuit and using the MPLAB program Further chapters introduce binary PIC architecture the instruction set the PIC memory map and special registers plus real world programming Four simple projects are also fully described a Wavy Wand an Electronic Dice a Games Timer and a Pulse Monitor The associated CDROM contains the book in PDF format MPLAB plus instruction manuals in PDF format and all the programs covered in the book as assembler ASM files Those that wish to programme their own PICs will require a PIC programmer In addition a p c b based hardware kit is also available that makes up into the Wavy Wand which will spell out a short message via a line of l e d s when waved through the air 190 pages A4 spiral bound see dE MT 07 510 Nejce Tele 22 00 Yolo dE MOD 0 RE Tre 7516 89 ro Moto CDe 28 50 PRACTICAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS A Flind Extensive coverage is given to circuits using capacitors and resistors to control frequency Designs using CMOS timer i c s and op amps are all described in detail with a special chapter on waveform generator i c s Reliable white and pink noise generator circuits are also included Various circuits using inductors and capacitors are covered with emphasis on stable low fre quency generation Some of these are amazingly simple but are still very useful signal sources Crystal oscillators have their own chapter Many of the circuits shown are readily
80. ICES PLUS VAT UK DELIVERY 6 50 TEL 0870 7707520 FAX 01273 491813 sales bullnet co uk www bullnet co uk 324577 UNIVERSAL BENCH g PSU Transformer 0 15V 0 2 A led short circuit proof transformer BENCH PSU 0 15V 0 2a Output and voltage are both smooth and can be i regulated according to work Input 230V 21 2 number LCD display for voltage and current Robust PC grey housing Size 13x15x21cm Weight 3 2kg 48 REF trans2 STIRLING ENGINES HB10 One of our range of Stirling engines The Bohm HB10 Stirling engine is available in both ready built and kit form The power comes from a small spirit burner once lit just watch this amazing Stirling engine run HB10 in kit form is 97 95 or 101 99 built Many other mod els in stock Order online at www mamodspares co uk Rapidos Mobile network ing digital surveillance system Plugs into USB port on computer takes 4 cameras NSTC or PAL 352 288 res 1 30 f s MPEG4 amp MJPEG motion detection pre and post recording water mark date time and location markings alarm notice via FAX FTP or email Modes continuous record motion detection record sheduled record time lapse record dynamic IP can send live images to your mobile phone 109 ref RAPIDOS HEAT PUMPS A heat pump is a system that uses a refrigeration style com pressor to transfer heat from outside to inside in order to heat offices or homes Heat pumps can take he
81. IO AND VIDEO QUICK GUIDE TO ANALOGUE SYNTHESIS lan Waugh Even though music production has moved into the digi tal domain modern synthesisers invariably use ana logue synthesis techniques The reason is simple analogue synthesis is flexible and versatile and it s rel atively easy for us to understand The basics are the same for all analogue synths and you ll quickly be able to adapt the principles to any instrument to edit exist ing sounds and create exciting new ones This book describes How analogue synthesis works The essen tial modules every synthesiser has The three steps to synthesis How to create phat bass sounds How to generate filter sweeps Advanced synth modules How to create simple and complex synth patches Where to find soft synths on the Web If you want to take your synthesiser of the hardware or software variety past the presets and program your own sounds and effects this practical and well illustrated book tells you what you need to know 60 pages Order code PC118 7 45 QUICK GUIDE TO MP3 AND DIGITAL MUSIC lan Waugh MP3 files the latest digital music format have taken the music industry by storm What are they Where do you get them How do you use them Why have they thrown record companies into a panic Will they make music easier to buy And cheaper Is this the future of music All these questions and more are answered in this concise and practical book which explains everythi
82. IT The 2kW wind turbine is sup plied as the following kit tur bine generator 48v three taper twisted fibreglass blades amp hub 8m tower four x 2m sections guylines anchors tensioners clamps foundation steel rectifier 2kW inverter heavy duty pivot tower 1 499 Other sizes available from 200 watts 299 up to 20kW 13 999 The 200w system is complete apart from 2x12v batteries and concrete for the tower These low cost systems can provide substantial amounts of power even in average wind conditions Phone for delivery charges STEAM ENGINE KIT The material in this pack enables you to build a fully functional model steam engine The main material is brass and the finished z machine demonstrates the principle of oscillation The boiler uses solid fuel tablets and is quite safe All critical parts boiler end caps safe ty vent etc are ready finished to ensure success The very detailed instruction booklet 25 pages makes com pletion of this project possible in a step by step manner Among the techniques experienced are silver soldering folding drilling fitting and testing Only 24 99 ref STEAMKIT Silver solder flux pack 3 50 ref SSK HOT AIR MOTOR Stirling motor This is an interesting metal based project for pupils aged 15 plus The material pack will enable them to make a fully functional hot air motor All the critical parts piston working cylinder flywheel and coolers have been pre
83. Investment Centre Maple View White Moss Business Park Skelmersdale Lancs WN8 9TG Tel 44 1 695 712 560 Web www lem com Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Microchip PSU Design Microchip have announced an online Intelligent Power Supply Design Center their spelling at www microchip com power This comprehensive website provides the technical resources needed to design analogue power supplies augment existing analogue PSU designs with inex pensive microcontrollers or design switch mode power supplies SMPS with full digital control of the power conversion feedback loop The site offers direct access to all Microchip s PSU application notes refer ence designs and other technical documen tation Links to Microchip simulation tools including the Mindi battery charger and PSU circuits are also included Microchip has long provided cost effective PIC microcontrollers and analogue products to the power supply market and has recently announced a new family of dsPIC DSCs for full digi tal control of SMPSs For additional information visit Microchip s Web site at www microchip com power PORTABLE ELECTRONICS Portable electronics needs a suitcase full of chargers to keep it working British com pany Moixa Energy has the answer a standard size rechargeable battery with a miniaturised charger and standard size USB power connector built in Virtually all computer equipment and even modern hi
84. K ISSUES July 2003 to December 2003 i VOL 11 BACK ISSUES January 2004 to June 2004 pie hh e e ehe eene i VOL 12 BACK ISSUES July 2004 to December 2004 Er Mon ROBUR RV T VOL 13 BACK ISSUES January 2005 to June 2005 Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world VOL 14 BACK ISSUES July 2005 to December 2005 i Name as etree saat nano NOTE These CD ROMs are suitable for use on any PC with a oe i CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader available free I Add I from the Internet www adobe com acrobat ESS licia lleve tint o e dus estas WHAT IS INCLUDED agraria All volumes include the EPE Online editorial content of every listed i issue plus all the available PIC Project Codes for the PIC projects RS DE DP SO N A Post Code published in those issues l i i O I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of i Note Some supplements etc can be downloaded free from the I Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners I Library on the EPE Online website at www epemag com I Club Maest I No advertisements are included in Volumes 1 and 2 from Volume 5 BASS So onwards the available relevant software for Interface articles is j I also included i H E HH MIR PR i I I EXTRA ARTICLES ON ALL VOLUMES j Card NO a seen hne nehmen i BASIC SOLDERING GUIDE Alan Winstanley s internationally Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under acclaimed fully illustrate
85. LE COPY of Radio Bygones My card number is Add 75p for overseas Airmail postage SUBSCRIPTIONS post paid 1 YEAR 2 YEAR UNITED MUN 21 00 40 00 The card is valid irom o rt To Exp date REST OF EUROPE AIRMAIL 23 00 45 00 Maestro Issue No Card Security Code REST OF THE WORLD AIRMAIL 29 00 56 00 the last 3 digits on ihe signature strip _ Yes I would like a sample copy for 3 75 My name is A free issue is available for download from www radiobygones com Yes I would like to take out a subscription for J One year 6 issues J Two years 12 issues Please print clearly and check that you have the number correct My address J I enclose a cheque Eurocheque PO for payable to Wimborne Publishing Ltd J Please debit my Visa Mastercard Switch Maestro card agar ss Circuits PCS DESIGN amp MANUFACTURE for both the Hobbyint and Professional XGAMESTATION LEARN STER EY S TED How TO DESIGN ANCE BULO Your DWA WIDEO GAME CONSOLE Complete Package eBook integrated IDE LT a d 0 S L Great for Hobbyists AND Students Complete amp oltware Development RR eBook on Designing the XGS Console tr Parallax SA Key Compatible Fully Assembled AGS Micro Edition Unit The Fun Wayto Leam Embedded Systems Lee L A Email infoiiMaser com Fihemet bas a rst ado ca na Era tera Hy comin an rr rae Why tolerate when you can automate WWW XGAMESTATIDN COM c
86. Licence 249 plus VAT Site Licence eeeeceeeeeeeee enne 499 plus VAT Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 PICmicro TUTORIALS AND PROGRAMMING VERSION 3 PICmicro MCU DEVELOPMENT BOARD Suitable for use with the three software packages listed below This flexible development board allows students to learn both how to program PICmicro microcontrollers as well as program a range of 8 18 28 and 40 pin devices from the 12 16 and 18 series PICmicro ranges For experienced programmers all programming software is included in the PPP utility that comes with the development board For those who want to learn choose one or all of the packages below to use with the Development Board Makes it easier to develop PICmicro projects Supports low cost Flash programmable PICmicro devices Fully featured integrated displays 16 individual l e d s quad 7 segment display and alphanumeric l c d display Supports PICmicro microcontrollers with A D converters Fully protected expansion bus for project work USB programmable Can be powered by USB no power supply required HARDWARE ing VAT and postage supplied with USB cable and SOFTWARE programming software Suitable for use with the Development Board shown above ASSEMBLY FOR PICmicro V3 Formerly PICtutor Assembly for PICmicro microcontrollers V3 0 previously known as PlCtutor by John Becker contai
87. NEAR SUPPLY FOR 1W STATUS MONITOR by Terry de Vaux Balbirnie STUDIO 350 POWER AMPLIFIER MODULE by Leo Simpson and Peter Smith SUDOKU UNIT PIC SUNSET SWITCH by John Clarke SUPPLY FOR 1W STAR LEDs LINEAR SUPPLY DIRT CHEAP HIGH CURRENT BENCH SWITCH POWER UP SWITCH SUNSET SYSTEMS ACTIVE 3 WAY CROSSOVER FOR LOUDSPEAKER TELEPHONE DIALLER FOR BURGLAR ALARMS by Leon Williams TELESCOPE INTERFACE by John Becker TEST PHONE RING AND TESTER PROGRAMMABLE CONTINUITY THEATRE VIDEO AUDIO BOOSTER FOR THE HOME THROUGH GLASS ALARM by Godfrey Manning BSc MB BS G4GLM TIMER DIGITAL REACTION TIPTRONIC STYLE GEAR INDICATOR by John Clarke TORCH HIGH INTENSITY TORCHES HUMAN POWERED LED TRAINER MIND TRF RADIO RECEIVER Teach In 06 TRIGGER SMART SLAVE FLASH UP POWER USB POWER INJECTOR by Jim Rowe VIDEO AUDIO BOOSTER FOR THE HOME THEATRE by Jim Rowe VIDEO CONVERTER RGB TO COMPONENT VOLTS HOUND NAIL SNIFFER AND WATER LEVEL GAUGE by Terry de Vaux Balbirnie WIDGY BOX DISTORTION EFFECTS FOR YOUR GUITAR by Peter Smith VOLUME 35 INDEX JANUARY 2006 TO DECEMBER 2006 Oct 46 Jun 10 Aug 10 Feb 22 Sept 10 Nov 10 Jun 10 Aug 10 Sept 10 Dec 38 Nov 44 Dec 50 Sept 26 Oct 10 Nov 54 Jul 22 Feb 40 Jan 60 May 20 Apr 19 Dec 38 Jul 22 Apr 19 Jun 56 Jan 40 Aug 60 Jul 10 Jun 10 Mar 10 Apr 30 Oct 10 Nov 54 Dec 10 Jul 22 Mar 38 Apr 10 May 54 Nov 44 Mar 10 Apr 30 Nov 24 Sept 44 May 10 May 54
88. P160 4 49 PRACTICAL ELECTRONIC FAULT FINDING AND TROUBLESHOOTING Robin Pain To be a real fault finder you must be able to get a feel for what is going on in the circuit you are examining In this book Robin Pain explains the basic techniques needed to be a fault finder Simple circuit examples are used to illustrate principles and concepts fundamental to the process of fault finding This is not a book of theory it is a book of practical tips hints and rules of thumb all of which will equip the reader to tackle any job You may be an engineer or technician in search of infor mation and guidance a college student a hobbyist building a project from a magazine or simply a keen self taught ama teur who is interested in electronic fault finding but finds books on the subject too mathematical or specialised The fundamental principles of analogue and digital fault finding are described although of course there is no such thing as a digital fault all faults are by nature analogue This book is written entirely for a fault finder using only the basic fault finding equipment a digital multimeter and an oscilloscope The treatment is non mathematical apart from Ohm s law and all jargon is strictly avoided Order code NE22 25 99 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER USER S HANDBOOK R A Penfold The first part of this book covers standard operational amplifer based building blocks integrator precision rectifier function generator
89. ROR n c ADDRESS i siriana ada RR RRR x a da RRR Ra SIGNATURE lt g er 5 San eae ERA ROW REOR Rn Rcs a e i ard JI enclose cheque PO in UK pounds payable to Wimborne Publishing Ltd ORDER FORM Simply complete and return the order form with your payment to the following address Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Price includes postage to anywhere in the World We will happily exchange any faulty CD ROMs but since the content can be printed out we do not offer a refund on these items Your CD ROM s will be posted to you by first class Card NO E E elia pian Switch Maestro Issue No x E g mail or airmail normally Valid From Expiry Date within four working days of L Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip receipt of your order 60 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 READOUT Email john becker wimborne co uk John Becker addresses some of the general points readers have raised Have you anything interesting to say Drop us a line All letters quoted here have previously been replied to directly Li ion Batteries Dear EPE Batteries for lions Readout Sept 06 What will they think of next Seriously though I have at least three of them in various units and I have not experienced the problems highlighted by Godfrey Manning With all these new batteries like NiCads t
90. STRUMENTS NURVE NETWORKS LLC PEAK ELECTRONIC DESIGN PICO TECHNOLOGY QUASAR ELECTRONICS SAFFRON ELECTRONICS SCANTOOL SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS STEWART OF READING ADVERTISEMENT OFFICES 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND PHONE 01202 873872 FAX 01202 874562 EMAIL epeads wimborne co uk For Editorial address and phone numbers see page 7 Everyday Practical Electronics ISSN 0262 3617 is published monthly 12 times per year by Wimborne Publishing Ltd USA agent USACAN Media Dist Srv Corp at 26 Power Dam Way Suite S1 S3 Plattsburgh NY 12901 Periodicals postage paid at Plattsburgh NY and at additional mailing Offices POSTMASTER Send address changes to Everyday Practical Electronics c o Express Mag PO Box 2769 Plattsburgh NY USA 12901 0239 Published on approximately the second Thursday of each month by Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Printed in England by Apple Web Offset Ltd Warrington WAI 4RW Distributed by Seymour 86 Newman St London WIT 3EX Subscriptions INLAND 18 75 6 months 35 50 12 months 66 2 years OVERSEAS Standard air service 21 75 6 months 41 50 12 months 78 2 years Express airmail 30 75 6 months 59 50 12 months 114 2 years Payments payable to Everyday Practical Electronics Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd Email subs epemag wimborne co uk EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is sold subject to the fol
91. Service 1 case measuring 135 x 70 x 24mm with separate battery compartment 2 panel labels 59 x 16mm and 114 x 50mm 1 belt pocket clip 1 lapel electret microphone 2 5V reed relays RLY1 RLY2 1 double pole 3 position slide switch S1 with 2 x M2 6 mounting screws 1 3 5mm PC board jack socket Jaycar PS 0133 or 3 pin chassis male miniature XLR connector see text 1 right angle stereo 6 35mm jack plug to 3 pin XLR line plug lead see text 5 metres of dual screened microphone cable 1 stereo 6 35mm metal line socket 1 9V battery clip lead 1 9V battery 3 M3 x 6mm screws 1 M3 x 10mm countersunk screw enough to destroy an electret unless precautions are taken Second an electret microphone provides only a single unbalanced output This means that there are just two output connections ie the shield or screening and the signal wire However any leads that are several metres long or more in a PA system can readily pick up 50Hz mains frequency hum which is then amplified and fed through to the loudspeakers as an an noying buzz Balanced output The way around this problem is to use what s known as a balanced output This type of output has two signal outputs plus a shield lead with one output inverted with respect to the other In this case both signal leads still pick up mains frequency hum but because the lines are balanced the hum signal can be rejected to just leave the wanted mic
92. THE NOW UK MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY 2 COMPUTER PROJECTS EE sual EVERYDAY PRACTICAL zs ELECTRONICS WIM LST U CEDERE GO UR MAMA E e na CE e Co 19 U AAAA Fee Extra iii USB Line RGBITO Str NN CONVERTER THOR EDHE gt 36 ave a 96 99 V a Tib Copyright 2006 Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND UK and TechBites Interactive Inc PO Box 857 Madison Alabama 35758 USA All rights reserved WARNING The materials and works contained within EPE Online which are made available by Wimborne Publishing Ltd and TechBites Interactive Inc are copyrighted ou are permitted to make a backup copy of the downloaded file and one 1 hard copy of such materials and works for your personal use International copyright laws however prohibit any further copying or reproduction of such materials and works or any republication of any kind TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd have used their best efforts in preparing these materials and works However TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd make no warranties of any kind expressed or implied with regard to the documentation or data contained herein and specifically disclaim without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers EPE Onli
93. USA price 60 US per annum Canada price 97 Can per annum 12 issues per year Name er T MIT c MEX Mola a I Everyday Practical Electronics periodicals pending ISSN 0262 3617 is published twelve times a year by Wimborne Publishing Ltd USA agent USACAN at 1320 Route 9 Champlain NY 12919 Subscription price in US Addres Sron erano AL ia EL SS 60 US per annum Periodicals postage paid at Champlain NY and at additional mailing offices POSTMASTER Send USA and Canada address changes to Everyday Practical Electronics c o Express Mag PO Box Sel eee voce ron jc EET I 2769 Plattsburgh NY USA 12901 0239 To Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail subs epemag wimborne co uk I enclose payment of cheque PO in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics My card number IS mcn a ELEM eae Please print clearly and check that you have the number correct sla RI 54 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Learn About Microcontrollers PIC Training amp Development System The best place to start learning about microcontrollers is the PIC16F84 with its simple easy to understand internal structure Then continue on using the more sophisticated PIC16F877 family At the heart of our system are two real books which lie open on your desk while you use your computer to typ
94. USOBD 19 uu TICA 4026B 0 67 4HC259 0 29 Linear ICs SSM2141P 3 21 1N4004 0 04 BTA16 600B 1 28 B32 on SCRE Formers 40268 021 241209 021 ADSABIN 248 SSM2143P E378 INdoos S004 LICHOdD 0 70 BC33 16 010 BUTIIAF i 4029B 0 38 74HC365 0 28 AD590 H 5 28 TBAI20S 1 04 IN4007 0 03 TIC206M 075 Bc3242 0 07 BUXSA p 4030B 0 17 4HC367 0 38 AD595AQ 13 92 TBA800 0 75 1N4148 0 03 TIC226D 0 80 C S RSS DRAKEN dB euh Do RS HIR foec QOIS 2 fusos 4041B 0 31 74HC374 0 34 AD633IN 5 92 TDAT170S 4 80 IN540 0 08 TIC246M 1 00 BC461 a do Rea 4042B 0 19 74HC390 052 AD648 N 257 TDA2004 224 1N5402 0 08 TIC236D 1 12 RE477 052 RES4O tele 4044B 0 35 74HC563 0 56 ADZ11JN 1 97 TDA2050V 2 51 1N5406 0 10 Diac BC516 0 21 IRF740 i 4046B 0 35 74HC573 0 27 AD712JN 2 51 TDA2611A 1 88 1N5407 0 10 ISS 32V 0 08 BC517 0 12 IRF830 i 4047B 0 24 74HC574 0 30 AD 36JN 5 80 TDA2822A 0 79 1N5408 S ans S 0 06 IRFB4 Z 4048B 0 34 74HC595 0 27 AD797AN 7 25 TDA2653A 2 99 6A05 027 2N2222A 0 16 BC546C 0 08 MJ2955 vis Mese 4049B 027 AC 0 22 AD811N 5 50 TED3 18DP 5 03 6A1 0 30 2N2369A 051 BCD47A 0 09 MJ2501 c cr mE 4049UB 0 17 74HC688 0 46 AD812AN 6 32 TEA5115 3 11 6 2 0 27 2N2646 102 BC547B 0 09 MJ3001 4050B 0 20 74HC4002 0 31 AD820AN 3 41 TLO61CP 0 37 6 4 0 28 SN3904A 035 BC547C 0 10 MJ11015 Fony about 4051B 0 23 74HC4
95. a timing operation in a circuit it is better to trigger it using the edge of the control wave form that is a 1 to O or Oto 1 transition rather than requiring that the control sig nal is held in place for at least the dura tion of the timed period as is the case with the circuit in Fig 2 To achieve this we can use a flip flop to hold the control signal in the appropriate state see Fig 3 In the circuit in Fig 3 when the circuit is idle the output is low and the control signal is high so the transistor is on and the capacitor is discharged When the trigger input goes low the flip flop sets so Q and hence the output goes high and Q goes low causing the transistor to Fig 3 Timer with edge triggered start Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 turn off allowing the capacitor to charge Thus the timing cycle starts and Vc charges towards the supply voltage When V reaches the comparator IC1 threshold set by R2 and R3 the compara tor switches output goes low and the flip flop IC2 is reset The circuit output flip flop Q goes low again and the tran sistor switches on discharging the capac itor This removes the reset signal from the flip flop so it is ready for the next trigger input The circuit waveforms for two timing operations are shown in Fig 4 The timing period for the circuit in Fig 3 is the same as that in Fig 2 The circuit in Fig 3 performs in almost the same way as the 555 in m
96. act It will be almost impossible to re use code that you have previ ously designed because it will have become tightly coupled with the rest of your code Do we really want this pain or do we want to enjoy the craft of creat ing new software Nobody enjoys Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 re inventing the wheel Here are some useful tips Think about what your program is going to do and try to break it down into some high level functions like Read from EEPROM or Get ADC value Write functions to do these before writing your main application When you come to start writing your main application you will be able to write code and think at a higher level of abstraction which means thinking of questions like Is the signal above two volts rather than Should I skip on Carry or Not Carry Function Source Files The functions you have created can go in their own source files with a header file that describes the inter face into them So for example an EEPROM module will have a source file called eeprom c and a header file eeprom h that contains a list of the functions such as init eeprom read eeprom write eeprom etc that are the interface into this module Those functions can then be re used in later projects by simply including the header file and the compiled o file of the module We don t have space in this series of articles to go into code structuring in any detail but f
97. aders Thomas does a sterling job of running the Official EPE PIC Mirror Site at http homepages nildram co uk 7Estarbug epepic htm or link via the EPE Downloads Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 page This is a very useful web style front end to almost every EPE PIC source code ever published IP Cameras My thanks to regular reader Allan Sancto EA GOLFM via email who writes from Spain I read with great interest your Net Work article about webcams in September 2006 EPE We have lived in rural Spain for a few months and were just beginning to feel at home and reasonably secure when my nearest neighbour some 200 metres away was burgled in spite of a very expensive alarm system connected via mobile phone technology I believe to the nearest Police Station I have the same system Consequently your piece on Webcam security looks very inter esting for our purposes If I wish to connect more than one camera would it not be necessary to provide some amplification on cable runs longer than the average webcam connection to the PC For reliable operation there is a theoretical limit on a USB lead length of 5 metres or so The simplest solution is an Active 5 Metre USB repeater cable which amplifies the signal over longer cable runs One supplier claims that you can daisy chain up to five of them together so you could make up to a 25 metre USB link Examples are on eBay search for USB repeater for roughly 6 t
98. ain secure hosting emails shopping basket etc included details www eConcept co uk Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Miscellaneous VALVES AND ALLIED COMPO NENTS IN STOCK Phone for free list Valves books and magazines wanted Geoff Davies Radio tel 01788 574774 WANTED OLD HALF INCH FERRITE RODS Must be half inch in diameter and be six inches long or more will pay good money for the rods Contact Peter Tankard on 0114 2316321 between 9am and 10pm 15 PRICE VALVES Over 1480 different valve numbers Catalogue available for 1 refundable on 1st order W Burcher 676 Foxhall Road Ipswich Suffolk IP3 8NQ Tel 01473 272218 CHAFFINCH ENGINEERING Services to the electronics enthusiast and experi menter in science and technology Custom made spindles pulley wheels small gear trains probe bodies mounting plates mounting brackets knobs screws nuts washers etc Enclosures modified and assembled to your requirements One off and short or long runs no problem Cheap rates Free quotations Telephone 020 8898 0933 any time and leave a message WWW epernsag Get your magazine instantly anywhere in the world buy and download from the web TAKE A LOOK A FREE ISSUE IS AVAILABLE A one year subscription 12 issues costs just 15 99 US 71 Europe s Largest Surplus Store 20 000 000 Items on line NOW New items added dail Established for over 25 years UK compan
99. ales line All major credit cards accepted Web www bowood electronics co uk Unit 1 McGregor s Way Turnoaks Business Park Chesterfield S40 2WB Sales 01246 200222 Send 60p stamp for catalogue Versatile Programmable PIC On Screen Dis play L SPIC 16F628 microcontroller TEX 428 by 11 character screen IGF Ha programmable DATA Text over composite video Z Demo software available Free O for sensors or buttons VWW TV QUA N R BARDWELL Ltd est 1948 Electronic Component Supplies LED s Semis IC s Resistors Caps etc send 44p for lists 1000 s bargains at our secure site www bardwells co uk 288 Abbeydale Rd Sheffield S7 1FL 0845 166 2329 local rate HEROS technology Ltd www herostechnology co uk Introducing Modular Concept for microcontrollers Suitable for Developers Pre production Educational and Hobby applications e WinPIC2006 USB full speed programmer e CPU microcontroller modules e Peripheral modules for all microcontrollers TRANSFORMERS Transformers and Chokes for all types of circuits including specialist valve units Custom design or standard range High and low voltage Variable Voltage Technology Ltd Unit 3 Sheat Manor Farm Chillerton Newport Isle of Wight PO30 3HP Tel 0870 243 0414 Fax 01983 721572 esivvi cowes freesarve co uk Www vvttransformers co uk Your own complete eCommerce 24 7 site E for only 10 per week 44 Dom
100. and serial data transfer to PC Magenta redesigned PCB LCD plugs directly onto board Use as Data Logger or as a test bed for developing other PIC16F877 projects Kit includes led programmed chip PCB Case all parts and 8 x 256k FEPROMS KIT 877 49 95 SUPER PIC PROGRAMMER Magenta s original parallel port programmer Runs with downloaded WINDOWS 95 XP software Use standard Microchip HEX files Read Prog Verify wide range of 18 28 and 40 pin PICs Including 16F84 876 877 627 8 Inc A versions 16xx OTPs KIT 862 29 99 Power Supply 3 99 ICEBREAKER D D DD DD D D D 0 D U mn PIC Real Time In Circuit Emulator With serial lead amp software disk PCB Breadboard PIC16F877 LCD all components and patch leads e Featured in EPE Mar 00 KIT 900 34 99 cai for beginners amp PSU 3 99 experienced users Win ICEbreaker uses PIC16F877 in dows 95 to XP Soft circuit debugger functions ware included Fax 01283 546932 20W Stereo Amp EPE May 05 Magenta Stereo Mono Module Wide band Low distortion 11W channel Stereo 20W Mono True rms Real Power Short Circuit amp Overheat Protect ed Needs 8 to 18V supply Latest Technology Stable Reliable high performance IC with local feedback KIT 914 11 90 includes all parts amp heatsink for stereo or mono Magenta BrainiBorg A super walking programmable robot with eyes that sense obstacles and da
101. at from the air water or ground Ground source heat pumps are very efficient in fact you will get 3 4 units of heat for every unit of electricity supplied to the heat pump Basic component parts of a GSHP 1 A heat pump packaged unit Water Water type approx the size of a small fridge containing two cold water con nections and two heated water connections 2 The heat source which is usually a closed loop of plas tic pipe containing water with glycol or common salt to pre vent the water from freezing This pipe is buried in the ground in vertical bore holes or horizontal trenches The trenches take either straight pipe or coiled Slinky pipe buried about 1 5 to 2m below the surface A large area is needed for this 3 The heat distribution system This is either underfloor heating pipes or conventional radiators of large area con nected via normal water pipes 4 Electrical input and controls The system will be require an electrical input energy single phase is perfectly ade quate for smaller systems A specialised controller will be incorporated to provide temperature and timing functions of the system This type of installation offers many advantages a The water water heat pump unit is a sealed and reliable self contained unit b There are no corrosion or degradation issues with buried plastic pipes C The system will continue to provide the same output even during extremely cold spells d The installation is fairly
102. available special i c s for simplicity and reliability and offer several output frequen cies Finally complete constructional details are given for an audio sinewave generator 133 pages Order code BP393 5 49 PIC IN PRACTICE David W Smith A graded course based around the practical use of the PIC microcontroller through project work Principles are intro duced gradually through hands on experience enabling hobbyists and students to develop their understanding at their own pace The book can be used at a variety of levels Contents Introduction to the PIC microcontroller Programming the 16F84 microcontroller Using inputs Keypad scanning Program examples The 16C54 micro controller Alphanumeric displays Analogue to digital conversion Radio transmitters and receivers EEPROM data memory Interrupts The 12C5XX 8 pin microcon troller The 16F87X microcontroller The 16F62X micro controller Projects Instruction set files and registers Appendices Index Order code NE39 17 49 COIL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL B B Babani A complete book for the home constructor on how to make RF IF audio and power coils chokes and trans formers Practically every possible type is discussed and calculations necessary are given and explained in detail Although this book is now twenty years old with the exception of toroids and pulse transformers little has changed in coil design since it was written Order code B
103. ay quite merrily The 877 must have been extremely robust Peter Chat Zone user Merlin via email That s an amazing tale Peter You were lucky in many ways The nearest I ve been to a lightning strike was in Malaya many years ago it felled a tree near where we were in a jungle hut shel tering from the monsoon rain while film ing when the rain stops and long before PICs were invented Only just missed the hut passed through the substance in the glass tube as a capacitive dielectric and then through the person under test Food for thought Great mag eagerly awaited every month Bryon Epps via email Whoops that oversight is down to me I no longer have Robert Powell s email address and cannot check with him what he really meant to say show Robert are you tuned in here If so drop me an email via HQ please Regarding the question readers can you help Bryon Chip off the Old Block Dear EPE It s nice to know that there are still people who make good use of salvaged components not to mention pieces of kitchen chopping boards in order to create something new and useful Human Powered Torches Sep 06 Thank you for the interesting article Now I know what to do with my old stepper motors Francis K Hall Meinerzhagen Germany So many things Francis have uses well beyond that which they were designed for That s a general philoso phy I follow when I m designing some thing and am look
104. bly not part ofthe hidden number and that only one of the remaining numbers 1 or 2 was correct The hidden number thus included 1 or 2 and 3 or 4 To find out which a further guess was made by assuming that the correct numbers were 1 and 3 so that 1356 was entered which gave the result 0 0 This was lucky as it immediately showed that 2 and 4 were two of the numbers required and 5 and 6 were definitely not part of the hidden number At this point it was still not known what the other two numbers were except that they could be 7 8 9 0 or indeed 2 and 4 again as each correct digit is only counted once even ifit ap pears again in the hidden number The next entry made was therefore 2478 and this gave the result 1 2 showing that either 7 or 8 also figured in the final number and as a bonus two of the digits were also in their correct positions The last entry was the result of two lucky guesses where it was assumed that it was 2 and 4 that were in their correct positions and that 8 was the correct number but in the wrong posi tion Changing its position and trying the next number by entering 2489 displayed the final score as 05 Underside view of the board showing the display and keypad This shows that to achieve a low Score a certain amount of luck is also required but this does not mean that a logical thinking process is not involved No doubt the final number could have been found by randomly entering numbers
105. c devices without getting bogged down in understanding the programming involved Flowcode produces MPASM code which is compatible with virtually all PlCmicro programmers When used in conjunction with the Version 2 development board this provides a seamless solution that allows you to program chips in minutes Requires no programming experience Allows complex PICmicro applications to be designed quickly 6 Uses international standard flow chart symbols ISO5807 9 Full on screen simulation allows debugging and speeds up the development process O Facilitates learning via a full suite of demonstration tutorials Produces ASM code for a range of 18 28 and 40 pin devices Professional versions include virtual systems burglar alarm buggy and maze plus RS232 IrDa etc PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form on next page Hobbyist Student Flowcode V2 Hobbyist Student Institutional Schools HE FE Industry Flowcode Professional Institutional Professional 10 user Network Licence Site Licence 45 inc VAT 57 inc VAT 99 plus VAT 99 plus VAT 300 plus VAT 599 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 35 TEACH IN 2000 LEARN ELECTRONICS WITH EPE EPE s own Teach In CD ROM contains the full 12 part Teach In 2000 series by John Becker in PDF form plus the Teach In interactive sof
106. cember 2006 FREE Two booklets Identifying Electronic Components and Understanding Active Components and a Circuit Surgery CD ROM with Teach In 2000 CD ROM EPE TEACH IN 2000 CD ROM The whole of the 12 part Teach In 2000 series by John Becker published in EPE Nov 99 to Oct 2000 is now available on CD ROM in PDF form Plus the Teach In 2000 interactive software Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series and Alan Winstanley s Basic Soldering Guide including illustrations and Desoldering Teach In 2000 covers all the basic principles of electron ics from Ohm s Law to Displays including Op Amps Logic Gates etc Each part has its own section on the interactive software where you can also change component values in the various on screen demonstration circuits The series gives a hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try out plus a simple computer interface Win 95 98 ME ONLY which allows a PC to be used as a basic oscilloscope ONLY 12 45 including VAT and p amp p THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST 3 0 CD ROM The complete collection of The Amateur Scientist arti cles from Scientific American magazine Over 1 000 classic science projects from a renowned source of winning projects All projects are rated for cost difficul ty and possible hazards Plus over 1 000 pages of helpful science techniques that never appeared in Scientific American Exciting science projects in
107. ch Supply e PC Power Monitor e Digital Instrument Display For Cars Part 2 FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 9 e Ingenuity Unlimited Practically Speaking Circuit Surgery e Techno Talk e PIC N MIX e Net Work The Internet Page DID YOU MISS THESE mm PROJECTS e Loudspeaker Level Meter e Telephone Dialler for Burglar Alarms e Adjustable DC DC Converter for Cars High Intensity Torch FEATURES e Circuit Surgery e Techno Talk e Teach In 2006 Part 10 e PIC N Mix e Interface e Ingenuity Unlimited e Net Work The Internet Page SEPT 06 PROJECTS e Low Cost 50 MHz Frequency Meter e Smart Mixture Display for Your Car e Human Powered LED Torches e Water Level Gauge FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 11 e Ingenuity Unlimited Circuit Surgery Techno Talk PIC N Mix Practically Speaking Net Work The Internet Page DIR HS T Same Vba ba e i i TITIO E a cs Dai Lai LL PERIE Rb ied rici vorei rR Reb YES pum feum do emesis m Rn t OCT 06 PROJECTS e Studio 350 Power Amplifier Part 1 e Fridge Door Open Alarm e Through Glass Alarm e Linear Supply for 1W Star LEDs FEATURES e Ingenuity Unlimited e Circuit Surgery e Techno Talk e PIC N Mix e Interface e Net Work The Internet Page NOV 06 PROJECTS e Giant LED Message Display e Micropower Battery Protector e Quick Brake e Studio 350 Power Amplifier Part 2 FEATURES e C For PICs Part 1 e Ingen
108. charge to be similar to the charging time In Fig 5 is shown part of the circuit from Fig 3 with the addition of a possible way of including a discharge resistor This is per haps the most obvious way to do it but it is not ideal because R1 and R4 create a potential divider which would prevent the capacitor fully discharging Hopefully this can be seen clearly in the simplified equiv alent circuit A better approach is shown in Fig 6 in which the capac charges itor through both RI ES TEX and R4 and dis charges through R4 Note that in Fig 6 when the switch is closed and the capacitor is discharging resis tor RI is effectively connected to ground and does not contribute to the timing or volt age on the capaci tor This resistor arrangement is used in the standard 555 astable circuit in which resistors RI and R4 are the external timing resistors Our current circuit Fig 3 has a single comparator which detects when the capacitor voltage reaches the limit to EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT Fig 5 Showing where a resistor could be inserted in the circuit in Fig 3 to set the discharge time Fig 6 shows a better approach timing Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 RC EQUATIONS Capacitor Charging C charges from OV towards Vi through R when S closes at time t O Voltage at time after S closes E Vo Vi 1 exp xc Time after S closes taken to reach C voltage Vc t RC In T
109. ck of any graphics capability but it is a case of the graphics tools being limited rather than completely absent The most obvious omissions are the Shape and Line components which enable such things as rectangles circles ellipses and lines of various widths to be drawn on the screen These are not supplied as part of Visual BASIC 2005 Express and there are no cut down versions of them either However it is possible to produce some sim ple graphics using conventional program ming and the Graphics Drawline instruction Unfortunately the graphics capabilities seem to be a substantially cut down version of those found in Visual BASIC Net Consequently trying to produce simple animated graphics for such things as virtu al controls and panel meters is probably not a worthwhile proposition This is not to say that the graphics of Visual BASIC 2005 Express are of no use when writing software for electronic pro jects It does mean that any graphics will mainly be used to give a smarter and more functional appearance rather than provid ing things such as virtual controls 26 HR zc View Project Bud bM Daim mat TE Arge Commendy Hep zd E Ex a E Ma Li kd L L Petits anal Lala Ea gt Proper ts aed mer Bara i Tort Fs Bah Lead iii pane dgr ber na Camp Ton oo B Code Gspesaklon Settings Folcerros v Digimons Cose ime ation Trias E Laqosrt Settings N RLE 9 X 5mm iah a bhp Pr CNET farmi wk
110. d closeto the mouth otherwise the signal level will vary drastically Lapel microphones are generally available in two forms By far the systems most common form for PA use at the present time is the radio microphone This consists of the lapel microphone itself plus a small radio transmitter which is worn by the user eg inside a shirt pocket or by attaching it to a belt The signals from the transmit ter are picked up by a corresponding receiver which then feeds the signal to the PA system The big advantage of the radio microphone is that it allows the user Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 DI 1N5819 10k mm 9V BATTERY 10k Li i CJ e Sla Q 92 03 1000 22u L I e O1 Slb C 52 3 UJ UJ 1k 100uF ma MINI XLR 16V 22k 10k PANEL MALE OR 2 O 3 5mm JACK 100nF BC328 LED e ni LAPEL MICROPHONE ADAPTOR NO TAEXT ZD1 4 7V RELAY 1 RELAY2 10k 10pF 10k 5600 LED o OR 1N4148 6 35mm STEREO SOCKET 1N5819 1N914 1N4148 Fig 1 the circuit uses op amps IC1a amp IC1b to provide a balanced output signal while relays RLY1 amp RLY2 shunt the signal to ground when activated to provide muting to roam freely over several tens of metres without being tethered to a lead However this freedom comes at a high cost Despite its advantages this high cost cannot always be justified es pecially when full
111. d guide UNDERSTANDING PASSIVE COMPO NENTS Introduction to the basic principles of passive components HOW TO USE INTELLIGENT L C Ds by Julyan llett An utterly practi cal guide to interfacing and programming intelligent liquid crystal display modules PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 1 Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 2 Creating an Event Counter By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown INTERGRAPH COMPUTER SYSTEMS 3D GRAPHICS A chapter from Intergraph s book that explains computer graphics technology FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE by Barry Fox Russian rockets launching American Satellites PC ENGINES by Ernest Flint The evolution of Intel S microprocessors THE END TO ALL DISEASE by Aubrey Scoon The original work of Rife COLLECTING AND RESTORING VINTAGE RADIOS by Paul Stenning THE LIFE amp WORKS OF KONRAD ZUSE a brilliant pioneer in the evolution of computers A bonus article on his life and work written by his eldest son including many previously unpublished photographs Note Some of the EXTRA ARTICLES require WinZip to unzip them the signature strip Valid From ss sassoni Expiry Date us Maestro Issue No I I I I I I I I I SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics I Wimborne Publishing Ltd i 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND I I I I I I I I I Tel 01202 873872 Fax 0120
112. dance mic preamp Low impedance mic preamp Crystal mic preamp Guitar and GP preamplifier Scratch and rumble filter RIAA pre amplifier Tape preamplifier Audio limiter Bass and treble tone controls Loudness filter Loudness control Simple graphic equaliser Basic audio mixer Small 300mW audio power amp 6 watt audio power amp 20 32 watt power amp and power supply Dynamic noise limiter A must for audio enthusiasts with more sense than money Order code PC113 10 95 5 45 VALVE AMPLIFIERS Second Edition Morgan Jones This book allows those with a limited knowledge of the field to understand both the theory and practice of valve audio amplifier design such that they can analyse and modify circuits and build or restore an amplifier Design principles and construction techniques are provided so readers can devise and build from scratch designs that actually work The second edition of this popular book builds on its main strength exploring and illustrating theory with practical applications Numerous new sections include output transformer problems heater regulators phase splitter analysis and component technology In addition to the numerous amplifier and preamplifier circuits three major new designs are included a low noise single ended LP stage and a pair of high voltage amplifiers for driving electrostatic transducers directly one for head phones one for loudspeakers Order code NE33 32 99 67 11
113. date with Switched X Shaft 20mm Dia 4k7 2M2 Logarithmic 1 92 Each NE En Solined Shaft lnm Dia 4702 4k7 00 MO Log 0 56 Each i oun ine a mm Dia o ac BENE o o E3 ii Dual PCB plined Shaft 6mm Dia 10k 50k160k 500k Lin 1 05 Each Dual PCB Splined Shaft 16mm Dia 10k 50k 100k 500k Log 1 00 Each e Prices Exclude Vat 917496 Tel 0191 2514363 a pone B E UK Carriage 2 50 less than 1kg E Fax 01912522296 yne 2 Wear BR S gregor han Tko Cheques Postal orders payable to sales esr co uk NE30 4PQ A ESR Electronic Components PLEASE ADD CARRIAGE amp VAT TO ALL ORDERS DAT OUI PONENTS Editorial Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS EDITORIAL Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email enquiries 9 epemag wimborne co uk Web Site www epemag co uk EPE Online downloadable version of EPE www epemag com EPE Online Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm THE UK s No 1 MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY amp COMPUTER PROJECTS See notes on Readers Technical Enquiries below we regret technical enquiries cannot be answered over the telephone Advertisement Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS ADVERTISEMENTS 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND VOL 35 No 12 DECEMBER 2006 Are We On The Right Track A recent discovery made me wonder if we are going in the right direction when it
114. des 5 x BC107 transistors 5 x BC108 transistors 8 Metres 18SWG solder 4 x Standard slide switches 10 x 220 25V radial elect caps 20 x 22 25V radial elect caps 20 x 1 63V radial elect caps 10 x 1A 20mm quick blow fuses 10 x 2A 20mm quick blow fuses 5 x Phono plugs asstd colours 20 x 4 7 63V radial elect caps 20 x BC547 transistors 15 x BC239 transistors 4 x 5 metres solid core wire 3 x CMOS 4066 3 x 10mm Yellow LEDs 6 x 20 pin DIL sockets 5 x 24 pin DIL sockets 5 x 2 5mm mono jack plugs 5 x 2 bmm mono jack sockets SP144 SP146 SP147 SP23 20 x BC549 transistors 4 x CMOS 4001 4 x 555 timers 4 x 741 Op Amps 4 x CMOS 4011 3 x CMOS 4013 4 x CMOS 4081 20 x 1N914 diodes 25 x 10 25V radial elect caps 12 x 100 35V radial elect caps 15 x 47 25V radial elect caps 10 x 470 16V radial elect caps 15 x BC237 transistors 20 x Mixed transistors 200 x Mixed 0 25W C F resistors 5 x Min PB switches 4 x 5 metres stranded core wire 8 Metres 22SWG solder 20 x 8 pin DIL sockets 15 x 14 pin DIL sockets 15 x 16 pin DIL sockets 4 x 74LS00 15 x BC557 transistors 4 x CMOS 4093 3 x 10mm Red LEDs 3 x 10mm Green LEDs 2 x CMOS 4047 20 x Assorted ceramic disc caps 6 x Battery clips 3 ea PP3 PP9 100 x Mixed 0 5W C F resistors 2 x TL071 Op Amps SP133 20 x 1N4004 diodes Christmas Electronic Kit packs now available online PE RESISTOR PACKS C Film or in our shop We have 125 kits amp 24 project boxes for sale RP3 Seac
115. e Hibbett 28 Creating Programs CIRCUIT SURGERY By lan Bell 56 Final close up view of 555 timer circuit formulae NET WORK THE INTERNET PAGE surfed by Alan Winstanley 59 Recycle Risks Confirmed A Better VNC IP Cameras Regulars and Services EDITORIAL NEWS Barry Fox highlights technology s leading edge Plus everyday news from the world of electronics CD ROMS FOR ELECTRONICS 34 A wide range of CD ROMSs for hobbyists students and engineers BACK ISSUES 46 Did you miss these PIC RESOURCES CD ROM 48 EPE PIC Tutorial V2 plus PIC Toolkit Mk3 and a selection of PIC related articles SUBSCRIBE TO EPE and save money 54 ELECTRONICS MANUALS 60 The Modern Electronics Manual and Electronics Service Manual on CDROM READOUT John Becker addresses general points arising 61 PIC PROJECTS 64 A plethora of PIC Projects on CD ROM DIRECT BOOK SERVICE 65 A wide range of technical books available by mail order plus more CD ROMs EPE PCB SERVICE 68 Wimborne Publishing Ltd 2006 Copyright in all PCBs for EPE projects drawings photographs and articles published in EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is fully INDEX FOR VOLUME 35 69 protected and reproduction or imitations in whole or in part are expressly forbidden ADVERTISERS INDEX 72 Our January 2007 issue will be published on Thursday Readers Services Editorial and Advertisement Departments 7 4 December 2006 See page 72 for details Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 l NEW ELE
116. e a small amount of heatsinking Make sure also that you fit LED1 with its flat side towards connector CON2 and its longer anode lead fur ther away The LED leads are soldered in place with the body about 11mm above the board and they are then bent down at right angles about 4mm above the board so the body can protrude through the matching hole in the end of the box Once you have made the necessary holes in the UB 5 box including the countersunk holes in the bottom for the PC board mounting screws the completed board assembly can be mounted in the box using the 9mm M3 tapped spacers Checkout time There are no adjustments or setup needed on the completed USB Power Injector and very little in the way of testing All you need do is connect the output of a 9V DC or AC plugpack to CON3 and confirm that indicator LED1 doesn t light until you also connect CON1 to a downstream USB port on your PC or USB hub If the LED then turns on and off when the PC is itself turned on and off this confirms that it s working K HOLE DIAMETER Edi 3 0 WITH COUNTERSINKING Fig 4 this diagram shows the drilling and cutout details for the plastic case that s used to house the board assembly 9V AC DC INPUT PC USB PORT pec USB POWER INJECTOR ss Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au N a m m m m m m m m m m m m m ie Se m m iu m m m m m m m m m m l Fig 5 th
117. e in the programme and control the hardware Start with four simple programmes Run the simulator to see how they work Test them with real hard ware Follow on with a little theory Our PIC training course consists of our PIC programmer module a 298 page book teaching the fundamentals of PIC programming in assembly language a 274 page book introducing the C programming language for PICs and a suite of programmes to run on a PC The module is an advanced design using a PIC16F870 to handle the timing programming and switching requirements Two ZIF sockets allow most 18 28 and 40 pin PICs to be programmed The plugboard is wired with a 5 volt supply The programming is performed at 5 volts verified with 2 volts or 3 volts applied and verified again with 5 5 volts applied to ensure the PIC is programmed correctly over its full operating voltage UK orders include a plugtop power supply P901 PIC Training System comprising Universal 16C 16F and 18F PIC programmer module Book Experimenting with PIC Microcontrollers Book Experimenting with PIC C PIC assembler and C compiler software suite PIC16F84 PIC16F870 PIC16F88 test PICs 159 00 Postage amp insurance UK 10 Europe 18 Rest of world 25 Optional book Exp with 18F PICs PIC18F2525 30 00 Additional postage UK 0 Europe 3 Rest of world 5 Experimenting with PIC Microcontrollers This book introduces PIC assembly language programming us
118. e orientation of ZD1 Finally check that pins 1 and 7 of IC1 are at about 4 5V ie Vcc 2 This voltage should also be present on pins 3 amp 5 ie the non inverting inputs If everything checks out then it is likely that the unit is working correctly and it can be tested by connecting it to a PA system and plugging in an electret microphone EPE Lapel Microphone Adaptor Fig 6 this is the full size artwork for the case label Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au _ ImScan 5 USB Scan Tool Diagnose any car with EOBD Based on the ELM327 IC Supports all EOBD and OBD II protocols v IS015765 4 CAN Y 15014230 4 Keyword 2000 Y IS09141 2 v J1850 VPW J1850 PWM 9600 or 38400 baud Supported by more software than any other OBD interface Inexpensive Full Speed USB 1 1 Automatic protocol detection Package includes cables software CD and Quick Start Guide Buy from your local UK distributors www ElmScan5 com epe 44 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 tel 01298 70012 fax 01298 70046 www peakelec co uk sales peakelec co uk to ME t Ks E Cha N cM E o eor EE AE Ac P ME E Ts na Ba et PUT dI TI no a off if ed fata alli i dl k A P RA 2 Sa L Lu a 7 P atlas DCA v id T mes d In Ns ar Cool Smart ductor Analyser 55 Component Analyser
119. e repaired binding holds out Computers certainly have their place and many of our present projects could not be achieved without them They also save us much time and trouble in the production cycle of the magazine For instance all the pages are uploaded to our printer s computer now noth ing goes by post or courier as it once did Computers also save much time in the printing process where page layouts and printing plate making have all been computerised over the last few years The paperless office much touted when PCs became a reality certainly has not reached us at EPE We still have bookcases full to bursting with back issues data books contracts invoices etc I doubt it will ever change and I doubt it will prove to be better if it does know ing as we now do that computers do crash do require backing up everyday and sometimes decide not to find the data you know is in there somewhere But then maybe I m just old fash ioned rather than practical AVAILABILITY Copies of EPE are available on subscription anywhere in the world see opposite from all UK newsagents distributed by SEYMOUR and from the following electronic component retail ers Omni Electronics and Yebo Electronics S Africa EPE can also be purchased from retail magazine outlets around the world An Internet on line version can be purchased and downloaded for just 15 99US approx 9 00 per year available from www epemag com banice brmia igi ITH
120. e same arrangement is used to produce a 2 B Y colour differ ence signal using adder stage IC2b In this case we simply add the Y signal to the B signal and again amplify their sum by two The centre output buffer stage using IC2a operates as an inverting amplifier with a gain of two and converts the Y luminance signal from IC1a into an output signal of 2Y As before this stage operates with a gain of two to compensate for the inevitable voltage 20 division due to the 750 back termina tion and input resistors Now take a look at Fig 2 which shows the full circuit details As shown all the resistors shown as R1 in Fig 1 actually have a value of 5100 These resistors are in the feedback networks and at the inputs to IC1b IC2a amp IC2b By contrast the various parallel resistor combinations between the three video inputs and IC1a s in verting input pin 2 are chosen to give the correct mixing proportions For example the 2 2kQ and 7 5kQ resistors from CONI give a value of 17010 which is very close to the correct figure for the R component ie 510 0 3 17000 Similarly the 1kQ and 6 2kQ resistors give a value of 861 10 which is very close to the correct figure for the G component 510 0 59 864 40 And finally the 5 1kQ and 51kQ resistors give 46360 exactly the right figure for the B component 510 0 11 46360 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 The 910 and 820 resistors across the thr
121. e the next two issues of EPE Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail dbs 9 wimborne co uk Order from our online shop at www epemag co uk BOOK ORDER FORM Pull NaMe e eei tom DE nre Ov e OR Ets Address illeciti Post code wisi Telephone ING aura l enclose cheque PO payable to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE for Please charge my card Card Number Card Security Code Please send book order codes Card expiry date Switch Maestro Issue No the last three digits on or just below the signature strip Please continue on separate sheet of paper if necessary Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO CMOS DIGITAL ICs R A Penfold Getting started with logic circuits can be difficult since many of the fundamental concepts of digital design tend to seem rather abstract and remote from obviously useful applica tions This book covers the basic theory of digital electronics and the use of CMOS integrated circuits but does not lose sight of the fact that digital electronics has numerous real world applications The topics covered in this book include the basic concepts of logic circuits the functions of gates invert ers and other logic building blocks CMOS logic i c characteristics and their advantages in practical circuit design oscillators and monostables timers flip flops binary dividers and b
122. ealth of previously unpublished material it cannot fail to be an invaluable reference for any one interested in the history of early wireless receivers 256 pages hardback Order code TC1 34 00 86 pages 72 pages 50 pages 65 THEORY AND REFERENCE BEBOP TO THE BOOLEAN BOOGIE Second Edition Clive call me Max Maxfield This book gives the big picture of digital electronics This indepth highly readable up to the minute guide shows you how electronic devices work and how they re made You ll discover how transistors operate how print ed circuit boards are fabricated and what the innards of memory ICs look like You ll also gain a working knowl edge of Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Maps and understand what Reed Muller logic is and how it s used And there s much MUCH more The author s tongue in cheek humour makes it a delight to read but this is a REAL technical book extremely detailed and accurate Contents Fundamental concepts Analog versus digi tal Conductors and insulators Voltage current resis tance capacitance and inductance Semiconductors Primitive logic functions Binary arithmetic Boolean alge bra Karnaugh maps State diagrams tables and machines Analog to digital and digital to analog Integrated circuits ICs Memory ICs Programmable ICs Application specific integrated circuits ASICs Circuit boards PWBs and DWBs Hybrids Multichip modules MCMS Alternative and future tec
123. ee that they now include a triangu lar screwdriver bit in a 62 piece set order code N53AW Unfortunately it costs 19 99 plus carriage if a small order Anyway as nothing else was forthcoming I stumped up the cash the set arrived and indeed there is a 2 x 2 x 2mm equilateral triangle bit It s a slightly sloppy fit to the No 4 self tapper that s shown with my letter WIN AN ATLAS LCR ANALYSER WORTH 79 An Atlas LCR Passive Component Analyser kindly donated by Peak Electronic Design Ltd will be awarded to the author of the Letter Of The Month each month The Atlas LCR automatically measures inductance from 1uH to 10H capacitance from 1pF to 10 000uF and resistance from 1 to 2MQ with a basic accuracy of 1 www peakelec co uk LETTER OF THE MONTH x Un flash PICs Dear EPE I know John is always interested in PICs so this is what happened to me recently There was a terrific storm here with tremendous thunder and lightning There was one almighty flash and an instant roll of thunder and I thought it had hit the house In fact it had hit a tree about 100 yards away and several houses nearby had their windows blown in In my case it blew the modem completely dead and it had to be replaced My HAL project which controls the house had its LCD display completely destroyed There was nothing it was also it s on a 6mm hex shank and so can t go far down a counterbore But it s better than nothing T
124. ee video inputs ensure that each has the correct 75O input resistance Note that these resistors are all somewhat higher than 750 to compensate for the effects of the various mixing resistors connected to them This impedance matching is necessary to ensure that the input cables from your set top box or other RGB video source are correctly terminated to prevent ringing Power supply The converter s power supply is simple as the MAX4451 devices op erate from 5V supply rails and draw quite low current Power is derived from a 9VAC plugpack and this feeds half wave rectifiers D1 and D2 These produce 13V and 13V rails which are fil tered using two 2200uF electrolytic capacitors and fed to 3 terminal volt age regulators REG1 and REG2 The 5V and 5V regulator outputs are then filtered using 100uF capacitors and fed to the op amps supply pins 4 amp 8 LED1 provides power on indication It is simply connected across the 5V rail in series with a 4700 current limit ing resistor Construction All of the converter circuitry is built on a double sided PC board coded 596 measuring 117 x 102mm This in turn is housed in a standard instrument case measuring 140 x 110 x 35mm to produce a very compact and neat unit There s no off board wiring at all all the RCA input and output con nectors are mounted directly on the PC R RED IN RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER G GREEN IN B BLUE IN Fig 3 i
125. eed especially tor this project use relative path O System Filels are external lu project use absolute path Fig 2 Add Files window many options to fit on one page so they are grouped into categories Select Memory Model from the Categories drop down list and you should see the options as shown in Fig 1 These options are very important because they affect the assumptions the compiler makes about how it should be addressing memory The Code Model option allows you to specify whether the compiler should expect code to potentially grow to a size greater than 64K byte therefore requiring it to use large 24 bit point ers for jump instructions The Data Model allows the compiler to ignore the Bank Select bits when accessing RAM variables and assume that all variables are within the Access RAM area Choosing small code and data models will result in the smallest code utilisation but is only suit able if your application will fit in 64KB and never use more than 128 bytes of RAM When the C compiler is deciding on RAM utilisation it s rather difficult to know these things in advance That s not a problem though because you can change any of these options at any time and simply rebuild the code you do not need to change your source code or start a fresh project It s quite normal to tinker with these parameters and then look at the map file to see how the changes affect the code size and data utilisation
126. eed to change this file unless you are writ ing some complex code or you want to reserve some memory that should not be used by the compiler perhaps because you have a bootloader on the chip 29 Build Options For Project test mcp General MPASM Assembler MFLIHK Linker MPASM ET7 C18 Suite MPLAB C18 Generate Command Line Code Model Data Model Stack Model Single bank model C2 Multi bank model Inherit global settings k mL Ou Ot Ob Op 0r Od Opa Use Alternate Settings Categories Memory Model v O Small code model lt 54K bytes Large data model all RAM banks C2 Small data model access RAM only File name Auto Restore Defaults Fig 1 Typical Build Options window MCP and MCW Files There are a couple of files that are created when you make a new project a mcp and a mcw file The mcw file is a binary file that contains informa tion about your current IDE setup what windows are open for example which mcp file you are using It is the file that you double click on if you want to open up your project in the IDE The mcp file contains a list of your project files and the build op tions you have chosen Several other files are created and it is best not to delete them The main output files from your source code will be the hex file
127. el The front panel can now be drilled to accept the switch LED and micro phone input socket see Fig 5 Note that you will need to drill out a slot for the slide switch operating toggle That done attach the front panel label then attach the front panel to the PC board assembly by installing the supplied switch screws and by fitting the securing nut to the 3 5mm jack socket That done the LED s leads can be bent at right angles about 4mm from its body and the LED slipped into posi tion so that it protrudes through the front panel Adjust its leads as necessary and make sure that it is oriented correctly before finally soldering it into position In particular note that anode lead A is the longer of the two This lead goes towards the bottom edge of the PC board as shown on Fig 2 Fig 4 this diagram shows how the M3 x 10mm tapped spacer is secured to the PC board This helps secure the 6 35mm socket when the lid is screwed down PC BOARD INTEGRAL CASE POST L M3 x 20mm CSK SCREW 6 35mm jack socket A hole is needed in the side of the box for the 6 35mm jack socket which is used without its outer cover Mark the hole location with the case clipped together noting that the socket sits directly on the PC board and against the battery compartment Table 2 Capacitor Codes Value uFcode IEC Code EIA Code 100nF O 1uF 100n 104 inF 0 001uF 1nO 102 Table 1 Resistor Colour Codes e 4 Band C
128. ep 150 PHILIPS 3065 2 1 Channel 100MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 200 PHILIPS 3055 2 1 Channel 60MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 150 PHILIPS PM3217 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay Sweep KIKUSUI COS6100 5 Trace 100MHz Delay TEKTRONIX 475A Dual Trace 250MHz Delay Sweep 175 TEKTRONIX 475 Dual Trace 200MHz Delay Sweep 150 TEKTRONIX 465B Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep 125 TEKTRONIX 465 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep PHILIPS PM3209 Dual Trace 40MHz Delay PHILIPS PM3215 Dual Trace 50MHz KENWOOD CS4035 Dual Trace 40MHz PANASONIC VP5564A Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V525 Dual Trace 50MHz Cusors HITACHI V523 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay HITACHI V425 Dual Trace 40MHz Cursors HITACHI V422 Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V223 Dual Trace 20MHz Delay HITACHI V222 Dual Trace 20MHz HITACHI V212 Dual Trace 20MHz FARNELL DTV12 14 Dual Trace 12MHz STORAGE PHILIPS PM3320 Dual Trace 200MHz 250Ms S LECROY 9400 Dual Trace 125MHz TEKTRONIX 468 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep Digital Storage 200 VELLEMAN HPS5 1MHz 5MHz Sampling Handheld Unused 60 ANALYSERS ADVANTEST R3265A 100Hz 8GHz TEKTRONIX 492P 50kHz 21GHz HP8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz Built In Tracking Gen HP 8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz HP 8569A 10MHz 22GHz HP 8565A 10MHz 22GHz HP 853A with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP 182T with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP182T with 8558B 100kHz 1500MHz HP 8754A Network Analyser 4 1300MHz MARCONI 6500A Amplitude Analyser with head HP 334A Distortion Analyser 5Hz 600kHz SIGNAL GEN
129. er 2006 F YOU LIVE in an area where dig ital FTA free to air TV signals are available it s well worth investing in the service because of their better picture and sound quality However to achieve the best possible picture quality you have to use the component video signals from the DTV set top box and feed these into the match ing inputs of your TV set or video projector The big catch here is that some set top boxes only provide RGB video signals with separated red blue and green outputs In most cases these signals are made available via one of the large 20 pin SCART sockets or Euroconnectors This doesn t suit some of the latest large screen and wide screen TVs and video projectors These are usually designed to accept Y Cb Cr or Y B Y R Y compo nent video the same format as provided by the latest DVD players Unfortunately you can t feed RGB signals directly into these sets or pro jectors But you can convert the RGB signals into Y B Y R Y form using the simple converter unit described here It simply connects between your set top box and your TV set or projector As shown in the photographs the complete converter fits in a small instrument box It runs from a 9V AC plugpack supply drawing less than 50mA ie less than half a watt of power How it works The operation of the converter is quite straightforward because it simply duplicates the kind of matrix ing used to produce the
130. er Blumlein led an extraordinary life in which his inventive output rate easily surpassed that of Edison but whose early death during the darkest days of World War Two led to a shroud of secrecy which has covered his life and achievements ever since His 1931 Patent for a Binaural Recording System was so revolutionary that most of his contemporaries regard ed it as more than 20 years ahead of its time Even years after his death the full magnitude of its detail had not been fully utilized Among his 128 patents are the princi pal electronic circuits critical to the development of the world s first elecronic television system During his short working life Blumlein produced patent after patent breaking entirely new ground in electronic and audio engineering During the Second World War Alan Blumlein was deeply engaged in the very secret work of radar development and contributed enormously to the system eventually to become H25 blind bombing radar Tragically during an experi mental H2S flight in June 1942 the Halifax bomber in which Blumlein and several colleagues were flying crashed and all aboard were killed He was just days short of his thirty ninth birthday Order code NE32 17 99 420 pages VIDEO PROJECTS FOR THE ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR R A Penfold Written by highly respected author R A Penfold this book contains a collection of electronic projects specially designed for video enthusiasts All the projects ca
131. ernet Page OCT 05 PROJECTS e Haloween Howler e PIC Based USB Interface e Photic Phone e Telephone Switch e Parking Radar FEATURES e Introducing the Virtual DIY Calculator e Ingenuity Unlimited e Back To Basics 7 Circuit Surgery Techno Talk e PIC N Mix e Interface e NetWork The Internet Page NOV 05 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Speed Camera Watch Mk2 e PIC Chromatone e Multi Function R C Switch e Noughts and Crosses Enigma e Weather Vane Repeater FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 1 e Circuit Surgery Back To Basics 8 e Techno Talk e Practically Speaking Ingenuity Unlimed PIC N Mix e NetWork The Internet Page DEC 05 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Vehicle Frost Box Mk2 e Propeller Monitor e Solid State Hammond e Solid State Valve Power Supply FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 2 e Techno Talk e Viewing The Future e Circuit Surgery Interface GEAR INDICATOR J FOR CARS AND MOTORCYCLES T0 9 GEARS L DIMMING EASV TO FLT JANUARY 2006 3 31 LU JAN 06 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e A Tiptronic Style Gear Indicator e Sunset Switch e PIC Ambilux e Current Clamp Adapter For Multimeters FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 3 e Circuit Surgery e Techno Talk e Practically Speaking e PIC N Mix e NetWork The Internet Page FEB 06 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Highly Flexible Keypad Alarm e Active 3 way Crossover e Status Monitor e Jazzy Heart FEATURES e Teach In
132. ers Video Recorders Personal Computers etc TECHNICAL NOTES Commencing with the IBM PC this section and the Supplements deal with a very wide range of specific types of equipment radios TVs cassette recorders amplifiers video recorders etc REFERENCE DATA Diodes Small Signal Transistors Power Transistors Thyristors Triacs and Field Effect Transistors Supplements include Operational Amplifiers Logic Circuits Optoelectronic Devices etc Es pe CETTE mms Kd cc UN ni ii ALT ln SPECIAL OFFER Order both Manuals together and SAVE 10 THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL gen en ism d E unn The Madam Electronics Manual The essential reference work for everyone studying electronics e Over 800 pages e In depth theory e Projects to build e Detailed assembly instructions e Full components checklists e Extensive data tables e Manufacturers web links e Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format e Clear and simple layout Comprehensive subject range e Professionally written e Supplements BASIC PRINCIPLES Electronic Components and their Characteristics Circuits Using Passive Components Power Supplies The Amateur Electronics Workshop The Uses of Semiconductors Digital Electronics Operational Amplifiers Introduction to Physics including practical experiments Semiconductors and Digital Instruments CIRCUITS TO BUILD The Base Manual describes 12 projects including a Theremin and a Simple TENS
133. ers AC128 0 76 BD140 0 14 TIP127 7 4508B 1 40 7 0769001215 4 41 Sameday des 4510B 0 45 241821 0 20 293E 4 20 eren DA SUMI 0 35 AC187 0 68 BD150C 0 82 TIP132 i Em i 42 741826 0 17 49 2 C4001 10F 5 28 JA 100V 0 32 AC188 0 97 BD201 0 40 TIP137 Eis OEH 43128 039 741827 0 25 oan 242 ISC46N 0 33 JA 200y 0 39 ACVI7 434 BD 202 0 70 TIP141 E 9 74LS30 0 20 81 RAM 1A 600V 0 40 29 BD232 0 50 TIP142 pn pe ie 0 99 TALS 0 23 4209 78 GM76C88 3 60 1A 800V 0 43 ADIGI 073 BD237 032 TIP147 Si c 741537 0 31 1 5A 50V 0 19 AD162 0 95 BD238 0 44 TIP2955 4518B 0 26 LF347N 0 46 A DC Fast Delive 13208 0 34 741538 0 18 F35 N EO 44 DI qnvertors 15A700V 0 11 BC107 0 15 BD240C 0 37 TIP3055 Lo eat ry 43918 0 22 741540 0 14 F353N 0 40 gata Acquis 15A200V 0 19 BC107B 0 14 BD245C 1 10 ZVN2106A 0 40 Nextday service A 6B amp 0 46 41 5 0 24 E354 60 59 Men 1 5A 400V 0 20 BC108 0 13 BD246C 1 18 ZVN2110A 0 45 for a orders a 4557B 60 40 741873 0 36 maling 6017 AR420AN 25 38 15A 600V 0 24 BC108B 0 14 BD283 0 61 ZVN3306A 0 28 no extra charge VEE 0 30 M319NT4 090 ARZ228IN 11 42 1 5A 800V 0 26 BC108C 0 18 BD284 0 61 ZVN4206A 0 RE 49228 0 44 741583 0 38 ZR ADIDASAK 14 04 15a 1kV 0 18 BC109 0 17 BD400 0 79 ZVN4210A 0 56 No Minimum 4532B 0 24 Ag pees 0 20 AD 828KN 20 33 2A 100 0 16 BD437 0 17 ZVN4
134. es obvi ously requires further independent research The author considers himself much too young to have lost any of those he possessed and therefore is not a suitable subject Modesty prevents him revealing his best score but suffice it to say thata third digit to display this has not been required yet EPE 23 muy zu EVERYDAY PRACTICAL au ELECTRONICS UK readers you can SAVE 54p on every issue of EPE How would you like to pay 2 96 instead of 3 50 for your copy of EPE Well you can just take out a one year subscription and save 54p an issue or 6 50 over the year You can even save 75p an issue if you subscribe for two years a total saving of 18 00 Overseas rates also represent exceptional value You also e Avoid any cover price increase for the duration of your subscription O Get your magazine delivered to your door each month e Ensure your copy even if the newsagents sell out Order by phone or fax with a credit card or by post with a cheque or postal order or buy on line from www epemag co uk click on Subscribe Now SUBSCRIPTION ORDER EPE SUBSCRIPTION PRICES FORM Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK La 6 months 18 75 12 months 35 50 two years 66 Overseas cene 6 Months UK 18 75 Overseas 21 75 6 months 21 75 standard air service or 30 75 express airmail standard air service 30 75 express airmail 12
135. fi and videos now have a USB socket for connecting a keyboard mouse or memory store The sockets push out 5V to power whatever is plugged in Moixa s new AA NiMH nickel metal hydride USB cells contain intelligent cir cuitry that drops the USB supply to around 1 4V to charge the battery A sensor detects the small heat rise and a voltage drop that signals a full charge and switches off A safety timer shuts the full charge off after five hours anyway and switches to trickle charge A fully flat battery with normal 1 2V reduced to 1V fully charges in five hours but 10 minutes is enough to deliver enough charge to keep a mouse run ning for the rest of the day The USB cells went on sale in the UK in mid October and then will roll out through Europe with a US launch later A pair of AA cells will cost 13 but Design Director Chris Wright says he hopes to pull down the price through mass production The cells charge from either old USB Version sockets or the newer USB Version 2 standard because both deliver 5V The cell charger draws a current of around 250mA so the cells need to plug direct into the sockets on a PC or powered hub socket which deliv ers 500mA Unpowered sockets deliver only around 100mA so are not suitable but these are increasingly uncommon Moixa s tests show that charging from a laptop reduces battery life by less than 10 We have already built a prototype cellphone battery with USB charger
136. fication and buying the right parts resistor colour codes capacitor value markings etc advice on buying the right tools for the job soldering making easy work of the hard wiring construction methods including stripboard custom printed circuit boards plain matrix boards surface mount boards and wire wrapping finishing off and adding panel labels getting problem projects to work including simple methods of fault finding In fact everything you need to know in order to get start ed in this absorbing and creative hobby Order code BP392 5 49 TEST EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION R A Penfold This book describes in detail how to construct some simple and inexpensive but extremely useful pieces of test equipment Stripboard layouts are provided for all designs together with wiring diagrams where appropriate plus notes on construction and use The following designs are included AF Generator Capacitance Meter Test Bench Amplifier AF Frequency Meter Audio Mullivoltmeter Analogue Probe High Resistance Voltmeter CMOS Probe Transistor Tester TTL Probe The designs are suitable for both newcomers and more experienced hobbyists Order code BP248 4 49 COMPUTING COMPUTING FOR THE OLDER GENERATION Jim Gatenby Especially written for the over 50s using plain English and avoiding technical jargon Large clear type for easy reading Among the many practical and useful ideas for using your PC that are covered in thi
137. form The proposed solution is to create a new logo Freeview Playback which tells con sumers that a device can record digital TV programmes off air After the event closed a DTG spokeswoman admitted We don t have any figures for the number of VCRs in use The public is confused over what they need to buy At the time the first Freeview Playback brand PVRs were not expected in the market before September 2006 The DTG s spokes woman acknowledged that there may seem to be a lot of different groups promoting digital TV and switchover but they are try ing to tie together Far From Done The broadcasters think that once they have got the signal up to the top of the transmitter mast it s job done said a sen ior manager in a major Japanese manufac turer of TV and video equipment who has been critical of the way switchover body Digital UK is run by broadcasters The need to replace VCRs has been the big overlooked factor in the whole switchover plan There is not even any agreement on what a PVR is Is it a hard disc recorder or a DVD recorder or both The DTG and Freeview have not yet addressed this question RAPID S LATEST INFO Rapid Electronics have sent their latest Secondary Focus A4 booklet over 130 pages of products and info aimed at the Secondary Education sector We ve long known that they are heavily committed to that area and its curriculum requirements We won t try and highlig
138. formed to its descriptive title Thomas Scarborough Cape Town South Africa Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 INGENUITY UNLIMITED BE INTERACTIVE Z 22m AXE Maxon ud IU is your forum where you k ei can offer other readers the Aia f benefit of your Ingenuity i Ap Share those ideas earn some st cash and possibly a prize i mx LI This simple adaptor allows commonly available electret lapel and headset microphones to be used with public address systems It features a balanced output and is built into a compact case that can be clipped to a belt or slipped into a pocket By JOHN CLARKE Lapel microphone lor for PA s adap HILE STANDARD HAND HELD microphones are generally used for most public address PA applica tions there are times when a lapel microphone is much more convenient A lapel microphone not only frees up a user s hands but also allows the wearer to roam about easily They are ideal when giving talks and lectures and for certain types of theatre work Another advantage of lapel micro phones is that they provide a reason 38 ably consistent output even when the person speaking turns their head That s because a lapel microphone is usually clipped to the user s clothing around the chest area and so remains at a simi lar distance from the mouth regardless of head movement By contrast hand held microphones must always be hel
139. formers Semiconductors diodes transistors op amps logic gates Passive Circuits Active Circuits The Parts Gallery will help students to recognise common electronic components and their corresponding symbols in circuit diagrams Included in the Institutional Versions are multiple choice questions exam style questions fault finding virtual laboratories and investigations worksheets ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS Complimentary output stage DIGITAL ELECTRONICS V2 0 Filter synthesis Analogue Electronics is a complete learning resource for this most difficult branch of electronics The CD ROM includes a host of virtual laboratories animations diagrams photographs and text as well as a SPICE electronic circuit simulator with over 50 pre designed circuits Sections on the CD ROM include Fundamentals Analogue Signals 5 sections Transistors 4 sections Waveshaping Circuits 6 sections Op Amps 17 sections covering everything from Symbols and Signal Connections to Differentiators Amplifiers Single Stage Amplifiers 8 sections Multi stage Amplifiers 3 sections Filters Passive Filters 10 sections Phase Shifting Networks 4 sections Active Filters 6 sections Oscillators 6 sections from Positive Feedback to Crystal Oscillators Systems 12 sections from Audio Pre Amplifiers to 8 Bit ADC plus a gallery showing representative p c b photos Digital Electronics builds on the knowledge of logic gates c
140. g electronic blow off valves on quick throttle lifts and much more It is completely adjustable and uses the output of a standard throttle position sensor Kit supplied with PCB and all electronic components As published in Everyday Practical Electronics November 2006 Smart Card Reader and Programmer Kit 2 Amp DC DC Converter Kit Studio 350 High Power Amplifier Kit It delivers a whopping 350WRMS into 4 ohms or 200WRMS into 8 ohms Using eight 250V 200W plastic power transistors It is super quiet with a 4 signal to noise ratio of 125dB A at full 8 a ohm power Harmonic distortion is a just 0 002 and frequency response is almost flat less than 1dB between 15Hz and 60kHz Kit supplied in short form with PCB and electronic components Kit requires heatsink and 70V power supply a suitable supply is described in the instructions As published in Everyday Practical Electronics October amp November 2006 50MHz Frequency Meter Kit Program both the microcontroller and EEPROM in the popular gold silver and emerald wafer cards Card used needs to conform to ISO 7816 standards which includes ones sold by Jaycar Powered by 9 12 VDC wall adaptor or a 9V ry battery Instructions outline This kit will step up 12V to between 13 8 and 24VDC Use it to charge 12V sealed lead acid batteries 6 5Ah or larger run your laptop and This meter is autoranging and displays the frequency in either hertz ki
141. ge file in the normal way Note that the image must be in JPG GIF or BMP format In the example of Fig 5 I have photographed a small area of sheet aluminium and the used the JPG image in a PictureBox In order to ensure that the image is in the background with everything else visible on top of it make sure that the background image is added before any visible compo nents are added to the form Alternatively select the PictureBox go to the Format menu and then select Order and Send to Back Finally When using Visual BASIC 2005 Express or Visual BASIC Net it is important to bear in mind that the underlying programming lan guage is not the same as the one used in ear lier versions of Visual BASIC There are also differences when using the visual approach to programming It is no good trying to do things in exactly the same way as you would when using Visual BASIC 5 0 or 6 0 Those familiar with earlier versions of Visual BASIC will have to learn new ways of doing things in order to use the modern versions to full effect 21 Ic A four part beginners guide to using the C programming language for PIC microcontrollers Part 2 Creating Programs OLLOWING on from last month s whistle stop tour ofthe Microchip C compiler we now take a closer look at how programs are created and what files are involved in the build We will start by looking at the contents of a typical C program Program Groups Once compiled
142. give two separate ultrasound sources Both kits need 9V supply Kit 812 14 81 psu 3 99 Kit 867 19 99 867Slave 12 51 MOSFET MKII Bench PSU 0 25V 2 5A Based on Mk1 design with switching pre regulator for high efficiency Panel meters for A and V Toroidal trans former Variable Volts 0 25 AND Variable Current limit A X from 0 2 5A Kit includes punched and la belled case A classic and essential piece of test gear Kit 845 64 95 CURRENT VOLTAGE OUTPUT Stepping amp DC Motors A range of motors for many applications Visit our website for more details MD100 100 step Unipolar MD200 200 step Unipolar MD24 Type 23 size 200 step 22 95 MAGENTA BRAINIBOT amp Il Full kit with ALL hard 0007477007 ware and electronics As featured in EPE Feb 03 KIT 910 Seeks light beeps and avoids obstacles Spins and reverses when cornered Uses 8 pin PIC chip ALSO KIT 911 As 910 PLUS programmable KIT910 16 99 KIT911 24 99 leads and software CD included www magenta2000 co uk Tel 01283 565435 PIC PIPE DESCALER e SIMPLE TO BUILD e SWEPT FREQUENCY OUTPUT e HIGH POWER e AUDIO amp VISUAL MONITORING O An affordable circuit which sweeps the incoming water supply with varying frequency electromagnetic signals May reduce scale formation dissolve existing scale and improve the way salts in the water behave Kit includes case PCB coupling coil and a
143. gnal off above about 16kHz to ensure stability As a result IC1a s output provides the in phase signal while IC1b s output provides the out of phase or inverted signal The op amp outputs are then AC coupled to the output socket via se ries 10pF capacitors and 56002 resistors The 560 resistors provide a nominal 6006 output impedance and prevent the op amps from oscillating due to the extra capacitance when the balanced microphone cable is connected The 10pF capacitors are necessary to remove the DC levels that are present at the outputs of IC1a and IC1b Muting As previously mentioned the outputs can be muted and this is achieved using relays RLY1 and RLY2 which short the outputs to ground when powered In addition the outputs are muted at switch on This is necessary because when power is initially applied to op amps IC1a amp IC1b via switch S1b their outputs quickly rise to half supply Vcc 2 Without muting this voltage would be coupled into the PA system and cause large switch on thumps To circumvent this relays RLY1 amp RLY2 are switched on at power up to short the signal outputs to ground until the voltages settle The relays are switched via switch Sia and its associated circuitry based on transistor Q1 This works as follows Switch S1 is a double pole 3 posi tion switch and when S1 is in position 1 no power is applied to the circuit In position 2 S1b s contacts feed power to op amp IC1 wh
144. gnition Ubicom Tool Kits PIC amp Rom Emulators PIC BASIC Compilers Development Tools Milford Instruments Limited Tel 01977 683665 Fax 01977 681465 sales O milinst com EPE PROJECT PICs Programmed PICs for EPE Projects 12C508 9 3 90 16F627 8 4 90 16F84 71 5 90 16F876 877 18Fxxxx 10 00 All inc VAT and Postage 1kV 500V Insulation Tester Super design Regulated output and efficient cir x Cuit Dual scale meter P compact case Reads up to 200 Megohms Kit includes wound ferrite transformer drilled and punched case meter scale PCB amp ALL compo nents Needs PP3 bat tery KIT 848 32 95 DUAL OUTPUT TENS UNIT An excellent kit for this project based on the EPE March 97 Design Our Full Kit includes all components hardware and an improved Magenta pcb All hardware and electrodes are included Designed for simple assembly and testing provid ing a high level controlled dual output drive KIT 866 32 90 iius Inc 4 electrodes Electrodes 6 50 EPE MICROCHIP P I Treasure Hunter Stable Sensitive Pulse Induction detector Easy to build and use No ground effect works in sea water Detects Gold Silver ferrous and non ferrous metals e Kit Includes Head KIT 847 63 95 Pa Ultrasonic PEST Scarers Two Ultrasonic PEsT Scarers Kit 812 produces regular high level pulses of 32kHz Kit 867 produces Random pulses and can work with an optional slave unit to
145. guilty without trial Feb 18 Simply confused or not so sure Sept 20 Strange but true Aug 16 Terahertz the anti terrorism solution Jul 18 The memory lingers on Jun 26 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SHOW REVIEWED by Barry Fox Apr 24 E CHIP REVIEW by Robert Penfold Apr 68 SPECIAL OFFERS AND SERVICES ADVERTISERS INDEX Monthly BACK ISSUE CD ROMs Jan 74 BACK ISSUES Feb 64 Apr 52 Jun 76 Jul 76 Aug 76 Oct 54 Nov 50 Dec 46 CD ROMS FOR ELECTRONICS Monthly DIRECT BOOK SERVICE monthly except Sept 70 ELECTRONICS MANUALS Feb 70 Apr 67 Jul 67 Aug 65 Oct 45 Dec 60 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SERVICE Monthly PIC PROJECTS CD ROM Nov 77 Dec 64 PIC RESOURCES CD ROM Feb 77 Apr 51 Sept 60 Oct 59 Nov 52 Dec 48 PICSTART Plus Competition Oct 53 Nov 68 m XU us E SS DU SUL E Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Everyday Practical Electronics reaches twice as many UK readers as any other UK monthly hobby electronics magazine our sales figures prove it We have been the leading monthly magazine in this market for the last twenty one years EE ADVERTISEMENTS If you want your advertisements to be seen by the largest readership at the most economical price our classified and semi display pages offer the best value The prepaid rate for semi display space is 10 VAT per single column centimetre minimum 2 5cm The prepaid rate for classified adverts is 40p VAT per word minimum 12 words All cheques postal orders etc
146. h AA 4pk 6 99 Panasonic Special Power 9v 1pk 0 79 GP NiMh 2700mAh AA 4pk 7 99 GP NiMh 2200mAh C 2pk 3 99 Alkaline Batteries GP NiMh 3500mAh C 2pk 5 99 Memorex AA Alkaline 4pk 0 99 GP NiMh 4000mAh C 2pk 6 99 Memorex AAA Alkaline 4pk 0 99 GP NiMh 2200mAh D 2pk 3 99 Memorex C Alkaline 2pk 1 29 GP NiMh 4500mAh D 2pk 7 99 m m m Memorex D Alkaline 2pk 1 29 GP NiMh 7000mAh D 2pk 9 99 ni t E 0 Memorex 9v Alkaline 1pk 1 29 GP NiMh 9000mAh D 2pk 12 99 Fange x Cito 350 E Panasonic Xtreme AA 4pk 1 49 GP NiMh 170mAh PP3 1pk 3 99 az EE Panasonic Xtreme AAA 4pk 1 49 s Panasonic Xtreme C 2pk 1 49 Lithium Coin Cells Penne E Tel fZ Female Range wtf Panasonic Xtreme D 2pk 1 49 CR2016 0 69 Panasonic Xtreme 9v 1pk 1 49 CR2025 0 69 EEE CR2032 0 69 ya p n Lithium Camera Batteries CR2430 0 89 Mitsubishi 6v Lithium 2CR5 1pk 0 99 3 aj sf al 3 a 5 ej al im Mitsubishi 3v Lithium CR2 1pk 0 99 Alkaline Button Cells r n Mitsubishi 3v Lithium CR123A 1pk 0 99 LR41 L736 AG3 0 19 Rl mJ E Abe Ani api Pra iri Logi Mod Mitsubishi 6v Lithium CRP2 1pk 0 99 LR43 L1142 AG12 0 19 r Energizer Ultimate Lithium AA 2pk 3 99 LR44 L1154 AG13 0 19 pra sol Sin sor Tari san ned E TL Energizer Ultimate Lithium AA 4pk 5 99 LR48 L754 AG5 0 19 Constanta pis 3 342 ra 57 30 wm Us TOF i E Energizer Ulti
147. h value total 365 0 28W 3 40 WWW Lichfie Te E lect ronics CO U k RP7 10 each value total 730 0 25W 4 65 RP10 1000 popular values 0 25W 6 60 RP4 5 each value total 345 0 5W 4 30 Lichfield Electronics Conduit Street Lichfield Staffs WS13 6JU SE City Centre Shop open Mon Tue Thur Sat 9 15 5 00 SP151 SP152 SP153 SP154 SP156 SP20 20 x BC184 transistors Postage SP24 SP25 SP26 SP28 SP29 SP33 SP34 SP36 SP37 SP38 SP39 SP40 SP41 SP42 SP47 SP49 SP101 SP102 SP103 SP104 SP105 SP109 SP112 SP115 SP116 SP118 SP124 SP126 Sunkko 936D 50W Temperature Controlled Digital Soldering Iron Suitable for fine soldering of delicate chips Digital LED readout of actual iron temperature Iron tip sits over the ceramic heater element 24V low voltage design 200 480 C 1 C Comes with solid metal iron stand which does not cool the tip P CE Marked Inc Vat amp 50 Postage M Sunkko 152A 0 15 15V 2A Power Supply with large LED display Fine and coarse current and voltage controls 20W Temperature Controlled Soldering Iron 210 490 C Suitable for fine soldering of delicate chips Iron tip sits over the ceramic heater element 15V Max low voltage design Inc Vat amp 40 Postage Postage to UK mainland only contact us for postage elsewhere Price inc postage is valid for phone and mail orders Internet price calculated by weight SP160 SP161 SP164 SP165 SP166 SP167 SP168 SP17
148. hat make up a FAT16 organised card shown in Fig 2 Master Boot Record MBR Reserved FAT16 Boot Record FAT Table s Directory Table Remaining space for file data Fig 2 FAT16 Data structures The size and locations of these vary so we have to read each one in sequence and decode the information to find where the others are The first one is the Master Boot Record or MBR conveniently located at sector 0 the first byte on the card This record normally holds the initial software run by a computer only 446 bytes and the details of the locations of up to four parti tions A partition is an area of memory that Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 1 haz PH aa j Epi Hn 1 cN Index Description in hex UXD00 Initial boot code Ox1BE Partition 1 details Ox1CE Partition 2 details UX DE Partition 3 details xlEE Partition 4 details Ox1FE End marker 0xAA55 Fig 3 MBR information can be assigned to a logical disk thus you could have up to four logical drives Each partition will hold a FAT16 boot record FAT tables a directory table and a large block of space for the actual file data itself Fig 3 shows the information held in the MBR Note that in all the descriptions that fol low word and long word numbers 2 byte and 4 byte are stored lowest value first highest value last So the number 0x1234 would appear in memory as 34 followed by 12 This is referred to as lit
149. he set also contains ranges of the more established security bits but includes some of the unusual sizes plus a rather nice ratcheting handle for holding the bits So worth buying for these various features put together Godfrey Manning via email That s good news Godfrey A happy ending to a very detailed search Readout Error and Food Allergy Dear EPE I ve spotted an error in Readout Oct 06 regarding Robert Powell s good idea for fluorescent light capacitor testing Fig 1 text says all in series 13 8 ohm but the resistors are shown drawn in par allel 3 33 ohm oops A quickie about food allergy testing with a Vega electronic machine a lady friend of ours has just had a food allergy test and described how different glass phials with various food substances were used to diagnose her reaction by measur ing skin resistance As she described the test I could not see how her body could react to anything in an insulated glass tube I then did a bit of research on the net and found that the BBC had run a pro gram de bunking the machine Now my total medical knowledge is confined to an aspirin tablet but are there any of your readers who can explain how such a machine could work What if an AC carrier current of x frequency was Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 completely dead I replaced it and then found that the PICI6F877 controlling the system was completely unharmed It was ticking aw
150. hey all loose a small percentage of the stored charge weekly and I can only assume that Godfrey s friend had an older digital camera which was battery hungry I still have a four year old Ricoh cam era complete with power zoom which needed four sets of four spare AA rechargeables if you went out for the day and just took about 40 shots and that was not using flash either I later got hold of a set of big 1 2V rechargeables from JPG Electronics see their ad which I wired up into two sets of four and carried them around in a holdall connected to the camera by a three foot cable and even then I used to exhaust one set after about 60 shots Luckily the camera could only support a 32 meg memory card If it had sup ported a one gig card like the present camera it would have needed a shopping trolley to carry enough batteries My latest camera is a two year old Fuji that has twice the resolution a 256 meg card and a spare battery I carry around and I have never had cause to use it yet George Chatley via email Thanks George I passed your com ments on to Godfrey On the subject of unusual uses for bat teries I once jokingly commented to a woman that the discarded batteries in the pond we were both looking at were food for the electric eels in there And she believed me Screwdrivers Update Dear EPE Ive an update for my letter Screwdrivers in Readout Oct 06 I ve just received the latest Maplin catalogue and s
151. hnologies 470 pages large format Miei 3 72 23 26 95 BEBOP BYTES BACK and the Beboputer Computer Simulator CD ROM Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown This follow on to Bebop to the Boolean Boogie is a multimedia extravaganza of information about how computers work It picks up where Bebop left off guiding you through the fascinating world of computer design and you ll have a few chuckles if not belly laughs along the way In addition to over 200 megabytes of mega cool multimedia the CD ROM contains a virtual microcomputer simulating the motherboard and standard computer peripherals in an extremely realistic manner In addition to a wealth of technical information myriad nuggets of trivia and hundreds of carefully drawn illustrations the CD ROM contains a set of lab experiments for the virtual microcomputer that let you recreate the experiences of early computer pioneers If you re the slightest bit interested in the inner workings of computers then don t dare to miss this Over 800 pages in Adobe Acrobat format CD ROM Order code BEB2 CD ROM 21 95 RADIO RADIO Third Edition Jonathan Hill A celebration in words and pictures of the development of the British wireless set from its experimental begin nings in Victorian England to the foundation of a domes tic wireless manufacturing industry and the inception of broadcasting in the early 1920 s The story continues on throught the
152. ht the contents of the booklet but just say it has subject sections of Exercize Books Graphics Art amp Design Maths Projects amp Robotics Design amp Technology Tools Power Supplies amp Test Equipment Science Audio Visual Seasonal Rapid have also sent their New Products Focus publication naturally highlighting what new product additions they have Just in time to tell you that Rapid will be at the Design and Techology with ICT Education Show 2006 at NEC Birmingham 16 18 November For more information on the publica tions or Rapid s products contact Rapid Electronics Ltd Dept EPE Severalls Lane Colchester Essex CO4 5JS Tel 01206 751188 Email sales rapidelec co uk Web www rapidonline com AC Current Clamp As though in timely answer to a ques tion on our Chatzone recently LEM have sent information about their cost effec tive high quality compact split core transducers for AC current measurement As is common for similar products this clamp enables currents flowing in cables to be measured without breaking into the cable just clamping around them The LEM AT range allows AC current measurement from 5A to 50A RMS at 50 60Hz and has the current transformer and signal conditioning in a very compact split core case producing 0 5V DC 0 10V DC or 4 20mA standard output Self powered or loop powered versions are available For more information contact LEM UK Ltd Dept EPE West Lancashire
153. ile the correspond ing contacts in 51a connect transistor Q1 s 10k base resistor to ground via a 100Q resistor As a result Q1 turns on and applies power to the relay coils As shown on Fig 1 the relay coils are connected in series with one side going to ground via a 470pF capacitor and a 680 resistor connected in par allel Initially the 470pF capacitor is discharged and so the full 9V is applied across the series connected relay coils ie 4 5V for each relay This is quite sufficient to activate the 5V relay coils and close the contacts RLY1 amp 2 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 As the 470pF capacitor charges the voltage across the relay coils de creases However the relays remain closed because their dropout voltage is much lower than the voltage required to activate them The 680 resistor sets the minimum voltage across the relay coils to around 2 7V per relay This resistor is included to reduce the current drawn from the battery while the relays are closed The resistor and capacitor also cause LED1 to momentarily flash when the power is switched on Initially when power is applied and the 470pF capacitor is discharged LED1 is fed via a 4 7V Zener diode ZD1 and the series 220 resistor The LED will glow brightly with a fresh battery but as the battery volt age falls to around 7 2V there will be insufficient current to light it at full brightness It works like this since there
154. ilkscreened front panel and all electronic components As published in Everyday Practical Electronics January 2006 1 EEE on to Wwww jaycarelectronics co uk catalogue for your FREE catalogue 0800 032 7241 Monday Friday 09 00 to 17 30 GMT 10 hours only For those who want to write 100 Silverwater Rd Silverwater NSW 2128 Sydney AUSTRALIA 410 page ppi IN in All prices This kit will boost your video and audio signals preserving them for the highest quality transmission to your projector or large screen TV It boosts composite S Video and stereo audio signals Kit includes case with silkscreened and punched panels PCB and all electronic components As published in Everyday Practical Electronics March 2006 Programmable Continuity Tester Kit This unit will test for continuity from 1 1000hms making it ideal for measuring low resistance devices It is accurate reliable and works extremely well Kit supplied with PCB case with silkscreened panel and all electronic components As published in Everyday Practical Electronics April 2006 Requires 9VAC wall adaptor Maplin GU09K 9 99 Jaycar isa Electronics gt EPE I5 PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO OFFER YOU THESE ELECTRONICS CD ELECTRONICS PROJECTS Logic Probe testing Electronic Projects is split into two main sections Building Electronic Projects contains comprehensive information about the compo
155. ill store the value 60 into the code table and then at startup copy the value 60 into the variable What would be better would be to do this const rom int secondsPerMinute 60 The const rom qualifier called a storage qualifier as it affects the way a variable is stored tells the compiler that this variable will never change and that it should place it directly in flash memory No precious RAM space is used Doing this has the added ben efit that the compiler will be able to detect coding errors like this if secondsPerMinute count The compiler knows that seconds PerMinute is a constant and will raise an error on the accidental attempt to assign a new value to it a very com mon mistake It s a good idea to experiment with these kinds of issue making small changes building the program and comparing the results in the map file with previous builds You will quickly discover how different features affect the code size Other Linker Information We mentioned earlier that the linker file holds the definition of which type of C Startup code will be called The Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 linker file holds other vital information too it is the key to how the various variables and functions get arranged into the final binary code To a certain extent the choice of where objects get placed in memory is removed from you and this is a blessing you want to concentrate on w
156. in their advert in this issue blank the display and generate a new this time hidden random number when the key is pressed again The score will be reset to zero and the display will change to 0000 ready to accept the first guess If the practice session is not re quired press the button after switching the unit on followed by the button which will blank the display and then the key again before entering your first guess The practice feature is available only after the unit has first been switched on so that after subsequent games the key should be pressed twice to start each new game The unit also features a recall ofthe previous entry so that the last number entered and the result obtained can be re examined This is done by press ing the button when the number has been entered and the result will be displayed alternately Pressing the key is always treated as a new entry so this key should be pressed only when you are ready to make a new guess The circuit does not keep a record of previous numbers entered or the results obtained so that if this func tion is required an older technology pencil and paper will need to be used Alternatively it could be argued that a person who could not remem ber previous entries was not thinking very logically anyway and should be penalised if the same 4 digit number was entered two or more times Finally the efficacy of this unit in maintaining mental faculti
157. inary counters decade counters and display drivers Order code BP333 5 45 AUDIO AMPS BUILDING VALVE AMPLIFIERS Morgan Jones The practical guide to building modifying fault finding and repairing valve amplifiers A hands on approach to valve electronics classic and modern with a minimum of theory Planning fault finding and testing are each illustrated by step by step examples A unique hands on guide for anyone working with valve tube in USA audio equipment as an electronics exper imenter audiophile or audio engineer Particular attention has been paid to answering questions commonly asked by newcomers to the world of the vacu um tube whether audio enthusiasts tackling their first build or more experienced amplifier designers seeking to learn the ropes of working with valves The practical side of this book is reinforced by numerous clear illustrations throughout Order code NE40 21 99 368 pages 119 pages AUDIO AMPLIFIER PROJECTS R A Penfold A wide range of useful audio amplifier projects each project features a circuit diagram an explanation of the circuit operation and a stripboard layout diagram All constructional details are provided along with a shop ping list of components and none of the designs requires the use of any test equipment in order to set up properly All the projects are designed for straight forward assembly on simple circuit boards Circuits include High impe
158. ing cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue NOTE The PDF files on this CD ROM are suitable to use on any PC with a CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader included on the CD ROM BECOME A PIC WIZARD WITH THE HELP OF EPE 48 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 It may surprise you but buying an Antex soldering iron costs less than you think in the long run British made to exacting standards they last significantly longer than imported brands And with a wide range of thermally balanced soldering irons you can pick up a fixed temperature or in handle temperature model that will suit your needs perfectly None of which will burn a hole in your pocket IF your hobby demands the best iron for the job but you don t want to get your fingers burnt by the cost visit our website or your electronics retailer for the coolest models around Pick up an Lite o q ANTE X IENA Not just any old iron een TH Ley ame sex N83 LN V po wae noc 35 m L E g www antex co uk 2 Westbridge Industrial Estate Tavistock Devon PL19 8DE Tel 01822 613565 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Build Your Own Weather Station Measure Wind Speed Measure Wind Direction Measure Temperature Easy Build Kit FREE Software USB or
159. ing for unusual non electronic parts Amazing what you can find that has multiple uses if you put your mind to it 61 Radio The leading magazine for Now Also ex vintage radio enthusiasts BUY ONLINE www radiobygones com Bygone S Log on pay by credit card and download the magazine to your PC ARTICLES on restoration and repair history circuit techniques personalities reminiscences and just plain ONLY 9 99 US dollars nostalgia you ll find them all Plus features on museums and private collections and a full FOR 6 ISSUES colour photo feature in every issue ITS MOSTLY about valves of course but solid state whether A free issue is of the coherer and spark gap variety or early transistors also has a place FROM THE DAYS of available Maxwell Hertz Lodge and Marconi to what was the state of the art just a few short years ago online THERE IS ALSO a selection of free readers For Sale and Wanted advertisements in every issue Radio Bygones covers 1t all THE MAGAZINE 1s published six times a year and is only available by postal subscription It is not available at newsagents TO TAKE OUT a subscription or to request a sample copy please complete the form below and return 1t to RADIO BYGONES Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Web sites www radiobygones co uk www radiobygones com RADIO BYGONES ORDER FORM e rm m iv A SAMP
160. ing the PIC16F84 and is the best way to get started for anyone who is new to PIC programming We begin with four easy experiments The first is explained over ten and a half pages assuming no starting knowledge of PICs Then having gained some practical experience we study the basic principles of PIC programming learn about the 8 bit timer how to drive the LCD create a real time clock experiment with the watchdog timer sleep mode beeps and music including a rendition of Beethoven s Fur Elise Finally there are two projects using the PIC16F84 as a sinewave generator and investigating using the PIC16F88 from the PIC16F877 family to monitor the power taken by domestic appliances In 24 exper iments 2 projects and 56 exercises we go from absolute beginner to experienced engineer level Experimentng with PIC C The second book starts with an easy to understand explanation of how to write PIC programmes in C The first few programmes are written for a PIC16F84 then we see how to use the PIC16F627 and PIC16F877 fami lies We study how to create programme loops we experiment with the IF statement use the 8 bit and 16 bit timers write text integer and floating point variables to the LCD use the keypad to enter numbers create a siren sound experiment with the PICs USART Web site www brunningsoftware co uk Experimenting with 18F PICs This book introduces the latest 18F series of PIC Microcontrollers We start with simple pr
161. inimum system requirements for these CD ROMs Pentium PC CD ROM drive 32MB RAM 10MB hard disk space Windows 95 98 NT 2000 ME XP mouse sound card web browser Please send me CD ROM ORDER FORM Electronic Projects Electronic Circuits amp Components V2 0 Analogue Electronics Version required Digital Electronics V2 0 O Hobbyist Student Analogue Filters Institutional Electronics CAD Pack C Institutional Professional 10 user Robotics amp Mechatronics C Site licence Assembly for PlCmicro V3 C for PlCmicro V2 Flowcode V2 for PlCmicro Digital Works 3 0 PlCmicro Development Board V3 hardware Teach In 2000 FREE BOOK Electronic Components Photos Project Design Single User o Project Design Multiple User under 500 students bor The PLE a ODE Project Design Multiple User over 500 students d LA RISE RSA OOOOO 0 LILI IU enclose cheque PO in sterling payable to WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LTD for Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch I l I l I I l I i Valid From exei x EE ERES Card expiry date rei I I l l l I Gard NO ccoin ione pou aiana i poe aiiin E Eia E acai aea doas NEPE panpa pieca a aea dara i Switch Issue No Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip E ECT CTT TLD E Du ORDERING ALL PRICES INCLUDE UK POSTAGE Student Single User Standard Version price includes postage to
162. into the unit but this would almost certainly result in a higher final score than by extracting the maximum amount of information from the results obtained from each entry Demo mode As a further aid to understanding the game the software is designed so that when the unit is first switched on a random number is entered into its memory The user can then press the key and enter any digits preferred to see how the unit processes the guess This will give the player an insight into what display is to be expected when for example the random number con tains repeated digits In general any number which is in its correct position is displayed in the correct position score and is not counted again even if it also appears in another position in the random number Thus the right hand display shows the number of correct digits in the correct position and the left hand display the number of remaining cor rect digits in the wrong position After this to start a game simply enter the correct number and press which will display your score and then press the key again This will Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Resources Software for the PIC can be down loaded free from the EPE Downloads site accessible via the home page at www epemag co uk It is held in the PICs folder Download all the files within that folder Preprogrammed PICs are avail able from Magenta Electronics Ltd contact details as
163. ions Then select General in the left hand panel of the Options window This has controls that enable the grids to be switched on or off and the grid size to be set Fig 1 The grid size is set in pixels with the horizontal and vertical sizes being independently adjustable Drawing Drawing lines is done in a rather round about fashion The first step is to double click a blank area of the form so that the code window appears Next select Paint from drop down menu in the top right hand corner of the code window This produces a basic subroutine in the code window into which the graphics program is added For this example I used six lines of code to add some lines to the dummy control panel shown in Fig 2 Apart from decoration the purpose of the lines is to group five buttons that will effectively operate as a bank of radio buttons Private Sub Forml_Paint ByVal sender As Object ByVal e As System Windows Forms PaintEventArgs Handles Me Paint e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 40 350 700 350 e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 40 450 700 450 e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 40 350 40 450 e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 700 350 700 450 e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 515 350 515 450 e Graphics DrawLine Pens Black 578 350 578 450 End Sub Each instruction has five parameters within the brackets and the first of these is the colour of the line When typing the instruction the built in tin
164. is 4 7V across ZD1 and a nominal 2V across the LED this leaves only 0 5V across the 220Q resistor when the battery is at 7 2V As a result the LED current is only about 2 3mA and so the LED will only glow dimly By contrast ifthe battery is at 9V the resistor will have 2 3V across it and so the LED current will be around 10mA As a result LED1 will glow brightly However the LED does not light for long as the 470pF capacitor quickly 4 MALA 6 35mm JACK SOCKET TT ra SL WIS e Fig 2 here is the parts layout for the PC board Make sure that all polarised parts are correctly oriented and that the correct component is installed at each location charges via the relay coils and turns LED1 off again When S1 is placed in position 3 IC1 is still powered but Q1 s 10k base resistor is disconnected from ground As a result the 22uF capacitor is now left to supply Q1 s base current for a short time as it charges towards the 9V supply rail via the two series 10kC resistors After about 1s Q1 switches off and the relays also turn off thereby releasing the shorts across the output lines from IC1a and IC1b Diode D3 quenches the back EMF voltage that s generated when the relay coils are switched off This back EMF voltage is further damped by the 100pF capacitor at D2 s cathode Note that the muting can be reac tivated at any time by switching S1 back to position 2 so that the relays are switched on again
165. is front panel label can be cut out or photocopied and attached to the lid of the case It can be protected using wide strips of clear adhesive tape correctly All that remains is to screw on the lid of the box and fit the cover plugs although you might also want Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 to stick on a dress label as well to fin ish the job The artwork for a suitable label is shown in Fig 5 EPE 13 2 Bill TA L K MARK NELSON Banned Substances Mark Nelson investigates why some commonplace products may soon acquire endangered species status protection has got to be a good thing at least in general But it can be a real pain when it threatens user choice particularly for hobbyists who know what they are doing In several hobby magazines a previously respected supplier of solder and soldering accessories ran advertisements urging readers to Stock up now on soon to be Banned Substances The words soon to be were in much smaller print and the clear impression was that within a few months tin lead solder could no longer be sold This of course is rubbish a fact that a rival supplier soon spotted running adver tisements to the effect of Don t worry it s still available from us and adding that its use was restricted in certain applica tions Which is entirely correct Although since July of this year solder containing lead cannot be used for manufacturing new consumer products
166. ischarged The voltage is below the lower threshold so comparator 2 will set the flip flop and the transistor will be off allowing the capacitor to charge towards Vpp through R1 and R4 As Vc passes Keomp2Vpp one third sup ply for the 555 comparator 2 switches and removes the set signal from the flip flop but it remains in the set state The capaci tor continues to charge When Vc reaches kcomp Vpp two thirds supply for the 555 comparator 1 switches and resets the flip flop This switches the transistor on and C1 starts discharging via RA and TRI Vc will very quickly drop below kcompiVop two thirds supply switching Fig 8 Astable timer circuit This is very similar to the 555 in astable mode Signals corresponding with pins on the 555 are indicated on the schematic 58 Fig 7 Resistor and comparator arrange ment to detect charge and discharge lim its for astable operation timing resistors and discharge transistor not shown comparator 1 and removing the reset signal from the flip flop which however will remain in the reset state The capacitor con tinues to discharge through R4 and the tran sistor When Vc passes keomp2Vpp one third supply comparator 2 will switch and apply a set to the flip flop This will switch off the transistor allowing Cl to charge again through R1 and R4 Vc will very quickly rise above keomp2Vpp one third supply again switching comparator 2 and removing the set signal from the f
167. it switches power from the plugpack through to a built in 5V regulator to provide your new peripheral with its own 5V power at up to 500mA All of the components used in the USB Power Injector are mounted di rectly on a very small PC board which fits snugly inside a small plastic box How it works Looking at the circuit diagram of Fig 1 power from the external plug pack comes in via socket CON3 and then passes through diodes D1 D4 These provide rectification for an AC plugpack or automatic polarity correction for a DC plugpack Either way a DC voltage of between 8V and 14V or thereabouts appears across the 1000uF reservoir capacitor CON1 is a USB Type B socket used as the Injector s upstream or input port It connects back to one ofthe USB output downstream ports of your PC or hub viaa standard USB cable Both ofthe data lines of CON1 are connected directly to the corresponding pins of CON2 a USB Type A socket which is the Injector s output downstream port This connects to your new USB peripheral via another standard USB connecting cable so the Injector is fully transparent in terms of USB data communication USB data can pass straight through the Injector in either direction between PC and peripheral and vice versa When the PC is powered down though power from the plugpack is not able to flow through to the peripheral because P channel power MOSFET Q2 is connected in series and itis normall
168. ite PCB layout software allows professional quality PCBs to be designed and includes advanced features such as 16 layer boards SMT components and an autorouter operating on user generated Net Lists ROBOTICS amp MECHATRONICS Case study of the Milford Instruments Spider Robotics and Mechatronics is designed to enable hobbyists students with little previous experience of electronics to design and build electromechanical systems The CD ROM deals with all aspects of robotics from the control systems used the transducers available motors actuators and the circuits to drive them Case study material including the NASA Mars Rover the Milford Spider and the Furby is used to show how practical robotic systems are designed The result is a highly stimulating resource that will make learning and building robotics and mechatronic systems easier The Institutional versions have additional worksheets and multiple choice questions 9 Interactive Virtual Laboratories Little previous knowledge required Mathematics is kept to a minimum and all calculations are explained Clear circuit simulations PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form on third page UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices 34 Hobbyist Student 45 inc VAT Institutional Schools HE FE Industry 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user Network
169. lae Rather than thinking of the comparator switching point for Fig 1 as being at a par ticular voltage it is better to consider it as a fraction of the supply voltage If we do this then as we saw last month the applied voltage supply voltage can be cancelled from the charging equation We get t RC In 1 Kj where in the specific case of the circuit in Fig 1 R3 R2 R3 For which we can find the value of the natural log call this k to get ki f k RC Table 1 shows some RC timing formulae for a few simple fractions k values and special case of k 0 632 for which k 1 The circuit in Fig 1 is not particu larly useful because it only times once when power is applied This is easi ly solved by adding a transistor to dis charge the capacitor which is what is done in the 555 Applying a signal to the control input to turn on TRI will discharge the capac itor If the control input is then held at OV Cl will start charging and the comparator will switch at the time determined by the Table 1 Example RC charging equations for different fractions of applied voltage Fraction of Timing Equation applied voltage comp switches at 1 3 t 0 405RC 1 2 t 0 693RC 0 632 Le RC 2 3 t 1 10RC 3 4 t 1 39RC supply voltage fraction set by resistors R2 and R3 The timing formulae in Table 1 can be applied R R1 times C Cl in this situation Triggering In general if we want to start
170. laudable to protect users from buying unsafe goods at the same time as revitalising the econo my by boosting the sale of new products However second hand dealers were less cheerful their market was stated to be worth around 500 million although this was probably a significant underestimate What the do gooders had failed to think through was the effect the legislation would have on the sale of classic hi fi equipment early home computers and gaming consoles also electronic music apparatus and karaoke machines all of which have passionate adherents in Japan It also failed to foresee that the effective ban would lead to a flood of this equipment onto the export market at the same time as driving Japan s electronic heritage out of the country where it arguably belonged After stringent public criticism the gov ernment moved to a compromise position For six months it would conduct the safety tests at its own expense well public expense really and exempted vintage musical instruments and certain other cate gories Finally the defining date for what was old and therefore had to be tested was moved back from 2001 to 1989 enabling most second hand products to escape test ing It was a near thing though with little wonder that Japanese citizens dubbed it their country s worst law ever Grumpy Who s grumpy Well me for a start People tell me I was already a Grumpy Old Man decades ago in my twenties
171. lding around the threaded section of the 6 35mm jack socket It should then be prised open again and the socket secured in position using a cable tie which passes through a hole in the PC board and then around the edge of the board To further secure the socket a 10mm M3 spacer is installed on the PC board adjacent to it so that the lid can be firmly screwed down at this point To do this the mounting post in the base of the case adjacent to the socket is drilled out to 3mm and this hole goes right through the case In addition you have to drill out the post in the case lid directly above this point That done countersink the holes and cut off the post in the lid using a sharp utility knife The 10mm M3 spacer can then be fitted in position and secured using an M3 x 20mm screw installed from the bottom of the case as shown in Fig 4 All that remains now is to complete the wiring to the stereo socket and con nect the battery clip lead Note that the leads from the battery clip will have to be fed through from the battery com partment before soldering them to the supply terminals on the PC board Testing To test the unit apply power and check that the relay contacts close and that the LED flashes If not check that transistor Q1 has been installed correctly and check its associated components If the relays do close but the LED doesn t flash check that the LED has been installed with the cor rect polarity and check th
172. lip flop which how ever will remain in the set state This process will repeat indefinitely so that Vc will charge up to kcompi V pp and then discharge to kcomp2Vpp For the 555 the capacitor voltage oscillates between one and two thirds of the supply voltage Calculating Astable Timing To calculate the timing period of the astable we have to work out the charge time and the discharge time and add these together For this we will assume that the charge and dis charge limits are set to two thirds and one third of the sup ply voltage respec tively as they are in the 555 In these articles we have not developed a formula to directly give us the time taken to charge from one third to two thirds of the supply or similar situa tions but this is straightforward to work out All we have to do is take the time taken to reach two thirds of the supply charging from O and subtract the time taken to reach one third of the supply voltage charging from 0 RC In 1 2 3 RC In 1 1 3 tohare RC In 1 3 RC In 2 3 toharee 1 09861RC 0 40546RC teharge 0 693RC For charging we have R R1 R4 and C Cl so for the circuit in Fig 8 we get toharge 0 963 R1 RA CI For the discharge phase the situation is simpler we can use the discharge formu la we have discussed before directly see RC panel Written in terms of initial volt age fraction k the formula becomes t RC In ky If the
173. ll components High coil current ensures maximum effect LED and piezo monitor PIC WATER DESCALER KIT 868 22 95 PSU 3 99 12V EPROM ERASER A safe low cost eraser for up to 4 EPROMS or other UV erasable windowed devices at a time in 20 minutes Operates from a 12 Volt supply 400mA Ideal for mobile work and in educational applications where mains voltages are to be avoided Safety interlock prevents contact with UV KIT 790 29 90 PIC LCD DISPLAY DRIVER 16 Character x 2 Line dis e Learn how to drive the dis play pcb programmed play and write your own PIC16F84 software disk and code all components to experiment e Ideal development base for with standard intelligent al meters calculators phanumeric displays In counters timers just cludes full PIC source code waiting for your application which can be changed to e Top quality display with match your application industry standard driver KIT 860 1 9 99 data and instructions PIC STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER PCB with components and PIC16F84 programmed with dem onstration software to drive any 4 phase unipolar motor up to 24 Volts at 1 Amp Kit includes 100 Step Hybrid Stepping Motor Full software source code supplied on disc Use this project to develop your own applications PCB allows simple PIC programmer SEND software to be used to reprogram s KIT 863 18 99 8 CHANNEL DATA LOGGER From Aug Sept 99 EPE Featuring 8 analogue inputs
174. lohertz or megahertz Features compact size 130 x 67 many other devices from a 12V supply It uses an x 44mm 8 digit LCD high and low efficient switchmode design features fuse and reverse polarity protection and an LED power resolution modes 0 1Hz resolution up to 150Hz 1Hz resolution maximum up to software requirements that are freely available on the internet Kit supplied with PCB wafer card socket and all electronic components PCB measures 141 x 101mm As published in Everyday Practical Electronics May 2006 nii F 18 i B Requires 9 12VDC wall adaptor Maplin JC91Y 14 99 indicator Kit includes PCB all electronic components and silkscreened front panel As published in Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 150Hz and 10Hz resolution above 16MHz Kit includes PCB case with machined and silkscreened lid pre programmed PIC and all electronic components with clear English instructions As published in Everyday Practical Electronics September 2006 Requires 9VDC wall adaptor Maplin GS74R 9 99 4 i LIE pit EN wet v BK TRR Audio Video Booster Kit AC DC Current Clamp Meter Kit for DMMs A great low cost alternative It uses a simple hall effect sensor an iron ring core and connects to your digital multimeter It will measure AC and DC current and has a calibration dial to allow for any magnetising of the core Kit supplied with PCB clamp case with s
175. lose payment of cheque PO in sterling only to Everyday Practical Electronics h MasterCard Amex Diners Club Visa or Switch Maestro Valid From Expiry Date Card Security Code Maestro Issue No The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip Signature NOTE You can also order p c b s by phone Fax Email or via our Web site on a secure server http www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 IC The No 1 UK Magazine for Electronics Technology amp Computer Projects CONSTRUCTIONAL PROJECTS 1W STAR LEDs LINEAR SUPPLY FOR Oct 46 3 WAY CROSSOVER FOR LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS ACTIVE Feb 22 13 5V 17A HIGH CURRENT BENCH SUPPLY Jul 31 50MHz FREQUENCY METER LOW COST Sept 10 ACTIVE 3 WAY CROSSOVER FOR LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS by Rod Elliot Feb 22 ADAPTOR FOR MULTIMETERS CURRENT CLAMP Jan 60 ADAPTOR FOR PA SYSTEMS LAPEL MICROPHONE Dec 38 ADDRESS AMPLIFIER PORTAPAL PUBLIC ADJUSTABLE DC DC CONVERTER FOR CARS Mar 10 Apr 30 by John Clarke Aug 34 ALARM FRIDGE DOOR OPEN Oct 22 ALARM HIGHLY FLEXIBLE KEYPAD Feb 10 ALARM THROUGH GLASS Oct 31 ALARMS TELEPHONE DIALLER FOR BURGLAR Aug 22 AMBILUX PIC Jan 40 AMPLIFIER MODULE STUDIO 350 POWER AMPLIFIER PORTAPAL PUBLIC ADDRESS Oct 10 Nov 54 Mar 10 Apr 30 BATTERY PROTECTOR MICROPOWER Nov 44 BENCH SUPPLY DIRT CHEAP HIGH CURRENT Jul 31 BOOSTER FOR THE HOME THEATRE VIDEO AUDIO Mar 62 BRAKE QUICK Nov 2
176. low Fit the low profile resistors and di odes first taking care with the diode USB POWER INJECTOR 597 NE Fig 3 check your PC board carefully against this full size etching pattern before installing any of the polarity as usual Then fit the capaci tors taking care with the polarity of the 10uF and 1000uF capacitors Note that the larger capacitor mounts over on its side to make sure there is clear ance between it and the box lid see photograph below Next fit the three connectors The two USB connectors are different in terms of their pin layout so make sure you fit them in their correct positions You may need to elongate the holes for their attachment lugs slightly with a jeweller s file before the connectors will fit down against the board The last components to fit are the TO 92 transistor Q1 LED1 and the two TO 220 devices Q2 and REG1 Make sure you don t swap the latter The PC board is mounted inside the case on four M3 x 9mm tapped spacers and secured using machine screws Note how the 1000uF electrolytic capacitor is mounted Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 The power indicator LED protrudes through a hole in the end of the case adjacent to the USB output socket CON2 devices as this may cause one or both of them to be damaged Both devices mount flat down against the top of the board with a 6mm x M3 machine screw and nut used to hold them down and also provid
177. lowing conditions namely that it shall not without the written consent of the Publishers first having been given be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of Trade at more than the recommended selling price shown on the cover and that it shall not be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of in a mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way of Trade or affixed to or as part of any publication or advertising literary or pictorial matter whatsoever SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS Test and Measurement Solutions E N E featured products CAN USB USB CAN Bus adapter 81 50 CAN 232 RS232 CAN Bus Adapter 61 00 Affordable CAN Bus Solutions from 61 CAN 232 CANUSB and CAN 232 are small adapters that plug into any PCUSB RS232 Port respectively to give instant CAN connectivity These can be treated by software as a standard Windows COM Port Sending and receiving can be done in standard ASCII format These are high performance products for much less than competitive solutions Bronze Prize Winner NASA Tech Briefs 2004 Products of the Year 125 00 ANT16 16 channel logic analyzer probe set extra 195 00 2 channel 1MS s PC scope i DS1 M1 2 signal generator amp data logger USB Instruments PC Oscilloscopes amp Logic Analyzers Our PC Instruments may be budget priced but have a wealth of features normally only found in more expensive instrumentation
178. ly unknown to you and most of the time of little interest An exception would bethe code that goes into the interrupt vector locations which we will cover in more detail next month Standard Library Code is a set of useful functions that are supplied as standard by all C compilers printf for example is a standard library function Because these are standard libraries you do not have to add them to your project they are automatically referenced by the linker program You must include the appropriate header file in your source code of course Library code be it standard or user supplied is only added once since it is a set of functions The linker program will find out which library functions are used by your applica tion code and copies them in from the appropriate library file into your program It only includes the functions that you call directly or in directly which helps to minimise the amount of code memory used The compilation process is quite smart and does its best to be as efficient as possible with your limited code and data resources So if we do not know where our code ends up in memory how do we tell the compiler where to place our startup routine our main function Well this is the role ofthe final group of code C Startup This is a small piece of software that handles the operation of the microcontroller as it leaves the reset state initialises various variables and jumps to the user s a
179. ma TVs to light sabers and iPod accessories to profession al poker chip sets this website features all the best gadgets at all the best prices In a world where the gadget is king mag azine racks are groaning with dedicated widget bibles and inboxes are flooded with online poker deals The site stands out for a variety of reasons a wide range of gadgets gifts and accessories at ultra competitive prices free delivery to anywhere in the mainland UK fast despatch of goods So contact All The Best Gadets Ltd 9 10 Jew Street Brighton Sussex BN1 IUT Tel 01273 726489 Fax 01273 746920 Email info allthebestgadgets co uk Web www allthebestgadgets co uk PMI Por Do you have a new USB powered peripheral like a scanner that needs more power than can be drawn from the socket on your PC or USB hub Here s a little gadget that will solve your problem It allows vou to feed extra power into the USB line controlled automatically by the PC so your new peripheral will be turned on and off just as if it were being powered directly by the PC By JIM ROWE or ACH USB SOCKET of a PC or self powered USB Universal Serial Bus hub can supply up to 500mA at 5V DC which can be used to power many USB peripherals directly That s one of the advantages of USB and many ofthe newer peripherals are designed to be powered in this way Many low cost USB hubs are also designed to take their own power from the PC
180. made and are ready for use The detailed plans show all the important stages for the required metal working Measuring with a vernier sawing silver soldering drilling marking out thread making silver soldering sawing and filing etc At the same time the principles of the hot air motor are described in the wide ranging instructions Technical data Working cylinder stroke 12 x 10 mm Pressure cylinder stroke 13 x 11 mm Unloaded speed approx 800 rpm Size Flywheel dia 55mm Base 130 x130 mm With sinter smooth bearings and ready shaped cooler 29 70 ref STEAMKIT2 Silversolder pack 3 50 ref SSK Thermo Peltier element large Size 40 x 40 x 4 7 mmTechnical data of the Thermo element Use as a Peltier element to cool or heat will pro vide 33 Watts of heating or cool ing max temp difference between sides of 67 C maxi mum output 15V 3 9 Ampere 150 C 3 5 Ohm 250 mW K 22 g 49 mV K 14 ref TEL1 Die cast illuminated microscope set in plastic carry case Includes a handy carry case with a 1200x magnification microscope Contents include test tubes magnifier glass and probe Requires 2 x AA batteries not includ ed ultra compact lightweight easy to use and comfortable to hold An a ideal microscope for the beginner offering a good magnification range 25 99 ref MAG1200 BULL GROUP LTD UNIT D HENFIELD BUSINESS PARK HENFIELD SUSSEX BN5 9SL TERMS CARD CHEQUE PO OR CASH ONLINE ORDERING ALL PR
181. mate Lithium AAA 2pk 3 99 LR54 L1131 AG10 0 19 include all numerical ccermnrz f J a Energizer Ultimate Lithium AAA 4pk 5 99 LR60 L621 AG1 0 19 Other Button Coin Cells available Call Zinc Air Hearing Aid Batteries Rayovac 1 5v 10AE Yellow 6pk 2 99 Other Batteries amp Accessories Rayovac 1 5v 13AE Orange 6pk 2 99 Battery Boxes Switched Unswitched Call Link your business to thousands of new Rayovac 1 5v 312AE Brown 6pk 2 99 Battery Holders PP3 Flying Leads Call educational and hobbies visitors every Rayovac 1 5v 675AE Blue 6pk 2 99 dial Snaps PP3 PP9 Call E S fi attery Connectors PP3 PP9 PCB Call day via our software integrated browsers GP Chargers also available Call Tagged PCB Batteries Call 16 Field Street m visa All prices include Vat 17 5 Cannock UK P amp P for batteries 1 00 for 1 item Staffs T nia then additional 0 25 per item Except C D Cells 1 50 for 1 item then WS11 5QP r3 E additional 0 50 per item Tel 0845 166 2314 Bulk orders please call to arrange carriage Fax 0845 166 2315 ge PI UK P amp P for Battery Chargers is 2 95 each Sales BatteryPlanet co uk PayPal Please allow upto 14 days for delivery Price Example 16 Sq Inches double sided pth 2 Days 123 8 Days 317 Standard PCB Pool Service a SIMPLY SEND YOUR FILES AND ORDER ONLINE gt O New Service Save vital time on design errors
182. minology As FAT was originally designed for hard drives which contained several disks and read heads the means of identifying a particular byte within the unit is complicated The original scheme was called CHS addressing Cylinder Head and Sector This has been superseded by LBA Logical Block Addressing which uses a simple incrementing counter to iden tify the position of a byte the drive takes care of where the byte is actually located For Media cards implementing a simple linear array of bytes CHS has no meaning and we consider data locations in terms of sectors A sector is the smallest unit of data i e size managed by the file system and typically consists of 512 bytes A cluster is another unit of data which can vary depending on the size of the card The number of bytes per sector and number of sectors per cluster are defined within the FAT tables which we read when we first power up the card So why do we use sectors and clusters rather than bytes It allows us to reduce the number of bits required when addressing or indexing into the card s data If files are set to start at the beginning of a cluster then you only need a 20 bit pointer rather than a 32 bit pointer on a 2GB disk to address the file This saves space on the storage of file pointers As we will see later there can be a lot of them in the FAT so reducing their size is a good idea Data Structures There are several data structures t
183. mming the independant electronic 14 99 m boost controller Kit shown below It features a two line LCD and easy to use push buttons It can be used to program the adjusters then removed or left permanently connected to display the adjuster s operation It is designed as an interface and display and is not required for general adjuster functions after they have been programmed Kit supplied with silkscreened and n A machined case PCB LCD and all electronic components Smart Fuel Mixture Display Kit This kit features auto dimming for night driving emergency lean out alarm better circuit protection and a dancing display which functions when the ECU is operating in closed loop Kit supplied with PCB and all electronic components Car must be fitted with air flow and EGO sensors standard on all EFI systems for full functionality IR Romote Control Extender MKII Independent Electronic Operate your DVD player or digital decoder Boost Controller using its remote control fom nou RETE It can be used in cars fitted with factory electronic This great module uses input from an allow picks up the signal from the remote control and ry oxygen or MAP sensor to determine how hard sends it via a 2 wire cable to an infrared LED Done SUL ael the EO eeu solenoid gk the car has been driven It then uses this located close to the device This improved beris Rae electronic boost control uma information to calculate how long
184. months 41 50 standard air service or 59 50 express airmail 1 Year UK 35 50 Overseas 41 50 standard air service 24 months 78 standard air service or 114 express airmail 59 50 express airmail Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday 2 Years UK 66 00 Overseas 78 00 standard air service Practical Electronics and sent to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne 114 express airmail Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at http www epemag co uk Subscriptions start with the next available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club Maestro or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page ONLINE SUBSCRIPTIONS Online subscriptions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 15 99US approx 9 00 for one year available from WWW epemag com USA CANADA SUBSCRIPTIONS To subscribe to EPE from the USA or Canada please telephone Express Mag toll free on 1877 363 1310 and have your credit l jo l card details ready Or fax 514 355 3332 or write to Express Mag Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the PO Box 2769 Plattsburgh NY 12901 0239 or Express Mag signature strip 8155 Larrey Street Anjou Quebec H1J 2L5 Email address expsmag expressmag com Gard Ex Date sms ee eee Maestro Issue No Web site www expressmag com
185. n be simply constructed and most are suitable for the new comer to project construction as they are assembled on stripboard There are faders wipers and effects units which will add sparkle and originality to your video recordings an audio mixer and noise reducer to enhance your sound tracks and a basic computer control interface Also there s a useful selection on basic video production techniques to get you started Complete with explanations of how the circuit works shop ping lists of components advice on construction and guid ance on setting up and using the projects this invaluable book will save you a small fortune Circuits include video enhancer improved video enhancer video fader horizontal wiper improved video wiper negative video unit fade to grey unit black and white keyer vertical wiper audio mixer stereo headphone amplifier dynamic noise reducer automatic fader pushbut ton fader computer control interface 12 volt mains power supply Order code PC115 5 45 124 pages Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 FAULT FINDING CIRCUTIS AND DESIGN DISCOVERING PICS BOOK CDROM W D Phillips HARDWARE A good introduction to PIC pro gramming covering everything you need to know to get you started No previous knowledge of microcontrollers is required but some previous experience with electronic cir cuits is assumed Covers the basic concept of a microcon troller fundamentals of a P
186. nd they specify the position and size of an imaginary rectangle that is just large enough to contain the ellipse By default objects drawn on the form will go behind visible components such as buttons and labels This can often be used to good effect as in the alternative version of the virtual voltmeter front panel design of Fig 4 Only three graphics instructions are needed to produce this design Private Sub Forml Paint By Val sender As Object ByVal e As System Windows Forms PaintEventArgs Handles Me Paint e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Red 40 350 480 100 e Graphics FillRectangle Brushes Red 580 350 120 100 e Graphics FillEllipse Brushes Red 98 65 550 250 End Sub Fig 3 Thick lines can be produced by programming filled rectangles Using this method it is possible to have line widths of any desired number of pixels It is permissible to use numeric variables for the co ordinates in the graphics instruc tions so it is possible to produce simple animated graphics In theory it should therefore be possible to produce virtual panel meters bargraphs and so on However the Visual BASIC 2005 Express graphics seem to be designed primarily as a means of producing backgrounds rather than animated graphics Getting the graph ics to move requires relatively clumsy tech niques and it has to be regarded as doing things the hard way This type of thing is much easier using Visual BASIC Net or better
187. ne its publishers and agents disclaim any responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of reader constructed projects based on or from information published in these materials and works In no event shall TechBites Interactive Inc or Wimborne Publishing Ltd be responsible or liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages including but not limited to special incidental consequential or any other damages in connection with or arising out of furnishing performance or use of these materials and works ISSN 0262 3617 PROJECTS THEORY ELECTRONICS NEWS COMMENT in hi SI POPULAR FEATURES INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL VOL 35 No 12 DECEMBER 2006 www epemag co uk EPE Online www epemag com Projects and Circuits USB POWER INJECTOR by Jim Rowe 10 Feeds extra power into the USB line RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER by Jim Rowe 18 For home cinema set ups INGENUITY UNLIMITED Sharing your ideas with others 37 1000 Year Flasher LAPEL MICROPHONE ADAPTOR FOR PA SYSTEMS by John Clarke 38 Allows electret microphones to be used with PA systems MIND TRAINER by Bart Trepak 50 A logic game to exercise your grey cells Series and Features TECHNO TALK by Mark Nelson 14 Banned Substances PIC N MIX by Mike Hibbett 16 More about using MultiMedia Cards with PICS INTERFACE by Robert Penfold 26 Exploring the graphics capability of Visual Basic 2005 Express C FOR PICs Part 2 by Mik
188. nents tools and techniques used in developing projects from initial concept through to final circuit board production Extensive use is made of video presentations showing soldering and construction techniques The second section contains a set of ten projects for students to build ranging from simple sensor circuits through to power amplifiers A shareware version of Matrix s CADPACK schematic capture circuit simulation and p c b design software is included The projects on the CD ROM are Logic Probe Light Heat and Moisture Sensor NE555 Timer Egg Timer Dice Machine Bike Alarm Stereo Mixer Power Amplifier Sound Activated Switch Reaction Tester Full parts lists schematics and p c b layouts are included on the CD ROM EE CIRCUITS amp COMPONENTS V2 0 Circuit simulation screen Provides an introduction to the principles and application of the most common types of electronic components and shows how they are used to form complete circuits The virtual laboratories worked examples and pre designed circuits allow students to learn experiment and check their understanding Version 2 has been considerably expanded in almost every area following a review of major syllabuses GCSE GNVQ A level and HNC It also contains both European and American circuit symbols Sections include Fundamentals units amp multiples electricity electric circuits alternating circuits Passive Components resistors capacitors inductors trans
189. ng you need to know about MP3s in a simple and easy to understand manner It explains How to play MP3s on your computer How to use MP3s with handheld MP3 players Where to find MP3s on the Web How MP3s work How to tune into Internet radio stations How to create your own MP3s How to record your own CDs from MP3 files Other digital audio music formats 6 e df ehe 3 ek 7 45 60 pages ELECTRONIC PROJECTS FOR VIDEO ENTHUSIASTS R A Penfold This book provides a number of practical designs for video accessories that will help you get the best results from your camcorder and VCR All the projects use inexpensive components that are readily available and they are easy to construct Full construction details are 66 provided including stripboard layouts and wiring dia grams Where appropriate simple setting up procedures are described in detail no test equipment is needed The projects covered in this book include Four chan nel audio mixer Four channel stereo mixer Dynamic noise limiter DNL Automatic audio fader Video faders Video wipers Video crispener Mains power supply unit Order code BP356 5 45 109 pages THE INVENTOR OF STEREO THE LIFE AND WORKS OF ALAN DOWER BLUMLEIN Robert Charles Alexander This book is the definitive study of the life and works of one of Britain s most important inventors who due to a cruel set of circumstances has all but been overlooked by history Alan Dow
190. ng data between your PIC based project and a PC Not only can you save text images sound files binary files etc but you could with a little thought and some further code create PIC programs that you could run by transferring from the Media card to the PIC s flash You could create your own DOS for the PIC WinHex Before we start working through the FAT specification you might want to download the program WinHex from the Internet see the links under Reference at the end of this article WinHex is one of a number of tools produced by X Ways Software Technology AG designed for forensic analysis of storage media In our case it can be used to view the raw data on the card when attached to the PC via a cardreader It s a small IMB download that can be used free of charge in evaluation mode Once downloaded extract the files to a temporary directory run the setup exe and install to the default directory Once installed you can remove the temporary directory When you run it for the first time a dialog Fig 1 is shown WinHex Fig 1 Initial dialog screen Set the tick boxes as shown then click on OK To view the contents of the MMC card click on Tools followed by Open Disk In the dialog box that appears select the entry Removable Medium from under Physical Media The contents of your card will be displayed FAT16 Specification Now to the FAT16 specification First some ter
191. ns a complete course in programming the PIC16F84 PlCmicro microcontroller from Arizona Microchip It starts with fundamental concepts and extends up to complex programs including watchdog timers interrupts and sleep modes The CD makes use of the latest simulation techniques which provide a superb tool for learning the Virtual PlCmicro micro controller This is a simulation tool that allows users to write and execute MPASM assembler code for the PIC16F84 microcontroller on screen Using this you can actually see what happens inside the PICmicro MCU as each instruction is executed which enhances understanding Comprehensive instruction through 45 tutorial sections 9 Includes Vlab a Virtual PICmicro microcontroller a fully functioning simulator 6 Tests exercises and projects covering a wide range of PlCmicro MCU applications Includes MPLAB assembler visual representation of a PlCmicro showing architecture and functions 9 Expert system for code entry helps first time users 9 Shows data flow and fetch execute cycle and has challenges washing machine lift crossroads etc Imports MPASM files RE micum m mmm gi deme pe pa Rm 5 mac Dem ld pns Js 46 SA Ss E ii C FOR PiCmicro VERSION 2 The C for PICmicro microcontrollers CD ROM is designed for students and professionals who need to learn how to program embedded microcontrollers in C The CD contains a course as well as all the software tools needed t
192. nstall the parts on the top of the PC board as shown here The red dots indicate where component leads and the single via above left from CON1 are soldered to both sides The two MAX4451 dual op amps are mounted on the underside see Fig 5 board along the front and rear edges These are all accessed through holes in the front and rear panels when the case is assembled Itis necessary to solder some compo nent leads on both sides of the board You ll also need to solder a short length of tinned copper wire such as a resistor lead offcut through one via hole to make the connection between top and bottom tracks To make it easy these points are all indicated on the PC board overlay diagram Fig 3 with red dots The full size top and bottom copper foil masters are given in Fig 6 Most of the components fit on the top of the board in the usual way The only exceptions are the two MAX4451ESA Table 1 Resistor Colour Codes LLDLDLLDLDLDLDLLLDLDZL 4 Band Code 1 green brown orange brown violet green red brown blue red red brown green brown red brown red red red brown brown green red brown brown black red brown green brown brown brown yellow violet brown brown white brown black brown grey red black brown violet green black brown Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 5 Band Code 1 green brown black red brown violet green black brown brown blue red black brown brown green brown black brown b
193. o 10 each This becomes a bit pricey for a multiple camera setup though Note that webcams tend to use a fair amount of power judging by how warm mine becomes so if you use multiple cameras it might be worth trying a powered USB hub running from a mains adaptor see our USB Power Injector in this issue A smarter but far more expensive solution to the cable problem is to use an 802 11g wireless IP camera the IP Internet Protocol bit means that it acts as its own server with its own IP address so no host PC is needed so it can be hooked directly to a TCP IP network wirelessly The clever Panasonic BLC30 see photo is a tripod mountable indoor wireless camera offering PIR motion detection remote control of pan and tilt via a PC or Internet con nected mobile phone a Privacy button and E mail snapshots The wireless signal is encrypted to prevent unauthorised inter ception Panasonic claims that setup is very simple but a bit of experience of handling an IP network might be handy Wireless network users will know that brick walls copper pipes wiring etc tend to interfere with the signal range More details and a data sheet from www panasonic co uk ip cam eras blc30 html Online ven dors of the BLC30 include www ipcctvcameras co uk A wide range of wireless CCTV cameras and other dedicated devices are avail able by mail order from Cricklewood Electronics www cricklewoodelec tronics co uk and Henrys Electronics www henry
194. o create Hex code for a wide range of PICmicro devices including a full C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices Although the course focuses on the use of the PICmicro microcontrollers this CD ROM will provide a good grounding in C programming for any microcontroller Complete course in C as well as C programming for PICmicro microcontrollers Highly interactive course 9 Virtual C PlCmicro improves understanding O Includes a C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices 9 Includes full Integrated Development Environment Includes MPLAB software 9 Compatible with most PICmicro programmers 9 Includes a compiler for all the PICmicro devices Li rr Pa memi commi F r oe amma mumummmumm Position p m m TUE Lo led r2 La mS zi ST ee Ro P mmm big E EO 74 r i Es H oo sm SG La ba mima SAS cd da Minimum system requirements for these items Pentium PC running Windows 98 NT 2000 ME XP CD ROM drive 64MB RAM 10MB hard disk space FLOWCODE FOR PICmicro V2 Flowcode is a very high level language programming system for PICmicro microcontrollers based on flowcharts Flowcode allows you to design and simulate complex robotics and control systems in a matter of minutes Flowcode is a powerful language that uses macros to facilitate the control of complex devices like 7 segment displays motor controllers and l c d displays The use of macros allows you to control these electroni
195. oard Charger Board Omni Pendulum Smart Card Reader Programmer MAY 06 LED Lighting For Your Car set of 15 boards Digital Reaction Timer Poor Man s Metal Locator JUN 06 Digital Instrument Display for Cars Micro Board Display Board Widgy Box Phone Ring amp Test Sudoku Unit PC Power Monitor Home Theatre Sound Level Checker Adjustable DC DC Converter For Cars x Telephone Dialler For Buglar Alarms X High Intensity Torch x Low Cost 50MHz Frequency Meter SEP 06 Version 1 Version 2 Version 3 Smart Mixture Display for your Car Water Level Gauge Sensor Display Fridge Door Open Alarm OCT 06 587 Linear Supply For 1W Star LEDs Pair 588a amp b Through Glass Alarm Quick Brake NOV 06 Studio 350 Power Amplifier Micropower Battery Protector x Giant LED Message Display Master Slave Lapel Microphone Adaptor DEC 06 RGB To Component Video Converter double sided USB Power Injector X Mind Trainer EPE SOFTWARE x All software programs for EPE Projects marked with an asterisk and others previously published can be downloaded free from our Downloads site accessible via our home page at www epemag co uk PCB MASTERS PCB masters for boards published from the March 06 issue onwards can also be downloaded from our UK website www epemag co uk go to the Downloads section EPE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SERVICE Order Code Project Quantity Price enc
196. ode 1 brown black yellow brown red red orange brown brown black orange brown blue grey red brown brown black red brown blue grey brown brown green blue brown brown red red brown brown brown black brown brown red red black brown EEE p ESE de EIE OI MNT M k M OD k Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 5 Band Code 1 brown black black orange brown red red black red brown brown black black red brown blue grey black brown brown brown black black brown brown blue grey black black brown green blue black black brown red red black black brown brown black black black brown red red black gold brown 43 eC de mic batt on mute off Fig 5 this artwork can be used as a drilling template for the front panel The mounting hole must be drilled and reamed out to 10mm diameter which will not be large enough for the threaded section of the socket That done place the PC board in the case and secure it in position using three M3 screws two at the top and one at bottom right Next position the socket in its mounting hole and tighten down the case lid with the four self tapping screws supplied Now heat the socket using your soldering iron until the plastic case begins to melt at the same time pressing the case together so that it forms a tight fit around the socket and closes correctly Finally remove the iron and wait for the heated case to cool The case will now have formed a mou
197. ogrammes to drive the LEDs write text to the LCD and create a real time clock We experiment with the various oscillator modes the watchdog and the sleep mode We use the analogue to digital converter as a voltmeter and experi ment with the serial port Finally we study the operation and control of stepper motors Book Experimenting with 18F PICS 25 00 AUX145 SM Stepper motor controller 49 00 5 volt 7 5 degree stepper motor 4 50 Postage UK 8 Europe 12 Rest 20 You need to own or update to our P901 PIC Training System before purchasing the above Experimenting with Visual C Our new training system for complete beginners teaching Windows programming and simple PC inter facing The book starts with details of how to build a latching serial port using a PIC18F2525 We use this port as our interface to our PC As we work through the book we wire simple circuits into the plugboard of the latching serial port and write Windows programmes in Visual C to operate our circuits We start by flashing LEDs build a dice machine and an IC tester We use the PC to write messages to a liquid crystal display We learn to draw graphs on our PC screen Then we build a digital to analogue converter an analogue to digital converter an audio oscilloscope and a wave form analyser Windows programming has never been SO easy or so exciting Release date late November Price around 100 See our web si
198. on the board copper Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Parts List 1 PC board code 596 available from the EPE PCB Service 117 x 102mm double sided 1 plastic instrument case 140 x 110 x 35mm 6 RCA phono sockets PC mount 2 x red 2 x blue 1 x green 1 x yellow 1 2 5mm concentric LV power connector CON7 2 M3 x 6mm machine screws with M3 nuts 6 4G x 6mm self tapping screws pan head Semiconductors 2 MAX4451ESA dual wideband op amps IC1 IC2 1 7805 5V regulator REG 1 1 7905 5V regulator REG2 1 3mm green LED LED1 2 1N4004 1A diode D1 D2 Capacitors 2 2200uF 16V RB electrolytic 2 100uF 16V RB electrolytic 2 10uF 25V tantalum 4 100nF multilayer monolithic code 100n or 104 Resistors 0 25W 1 1 51kQ 2 1kQ 10 5100 1 4709 2910 1820 1 7 5kQ 1 6 2kQ 1 5 1kQ 1 2 2kO0 3 750 enough to hold the device in place while you solder the remaining leads to their pads That done you can then go back and solder the first lead prop erly to complete the job The final component to fit is LED1 the power LED This in installed on thetop ofthe board with its longer an ode lead towards the right ie towards CON1 It should be mounted with its body about 17mm above the top ofthe board a strip of cardboard between the leads makes a handy spacer After mounting bend its leads down together at right angles at a point 9mm above the board This ensures that it will later
199. oncerned by output ting the seven segment code for each digit on Port B while switching on each corresponding digit sequentially via Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 four lines of Port A This is done so fast that the eye perceives it as a con tinuous display so that all four digits appear to be on simultaneously After displaying the digits four lines of port B RB4 to RB7 are switched to function as outputs and driven low in turn while RBO to RB2 are designated as inputs If a key is being pressed one of the inputs will now read low and depending on which input is low the program determines which key is pressed Because the same port is used to output the 7 segment data and both drive and read the keypad isolating resistors R9 to R12 are used to prevent key presses affecting the display Construction The printed circuit board compo nent and track layouts are shown in Fig 2 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 598 Assembly should begin with the resistors followed by the capacitors MIND TRAINER Parts List Mind Trainer 1 PC board code 598 available Capacitors from the EPE PCB Service 1 22p ceramic disc C1 size 51mm x 76mm 1 100n ceramic disc C2 1 Plastic case optional size 1 47u radial elect 10V C3 and type to invidual choice 1 12 key 3 x 4 matrix keypad Resistors 0 25W 5 carbon film S2 8 100 R1 to R8 1 SPST miniature toggle switch 5 4k
200. onostable mode For the 555 the comparator switching threshold is set at two thirds of the supply voltage by inter nal resistors equivalent to R2 and R3 thus from Table 1 or formulae given above the timed period T is T 1 1RC The circuit in Fig 3 requires a short trig ger pulse just as the 555 does which only has to be long enough to set the flip flop TRIGGER FLIP FLOP RESET SEE TEXT CONTROL COMPARATOR OUT FLIP FLOP RESET Fig 4 Waveforms for the circuit in Fig 3 for two timing operations and which must be shorter than the mono stable timing period In standard 555 monostable circuits R1 and Cl are the external timing components R2 and R3 are internal as already mentioned Continuous Pulses So far all the circuits we have discussed have provided monostable or one shot timing It is also common to need a contin uous sequence of timed pulses referred to as astable or free running operation To achieve this we need to continuously switch between charging and discharging the timing capacitor The waveform in Fig 4 shows the capac itor voltage falling very quickly once the transistor turns on to discharge it The capacitor will follow a discharge curve whose timing is governed by the effective collector to emitter resistance of the tran sistor This resistance is small and so the discharge is rapid however if we insert a resistor in series with the transistor we can slow down the dis
201. or example on our MMC over 256KB of the total memory available is reserved for the FAT data As this repre sents only 0 1 of total space the loss is a small price to pay for the convenience FAT Tables FAT16 stands for File Allocation Table 16 bit It is an old disk file system designed by Microsoft that is capable of handling storage devices with capacities up to 2GB It has been in common use on DOS and Windows based PCs for many years but has now found its way onto removable media such as MMCs The use of the FATI6 file system on removable media is a significant reason why transfer ring data from digital cameras MP3 play ers etc to a PC is so simple A FAT is a collection of data structures that are placed onto the device that define how big the storage device is how the memory is organised and where the files are Hard disks are quite complex devices with multiple platters heads etc but Media cards are of course just an array of bytes and so there is more information inside these data structures than we need When we get on to describe the data structures we will skip over the unused parts and concentrate on the fields of interest to us last month s Pic n Mix we detailed 16 The specification of FAT16 is not trivial but once we have gone through it you will find the software easy to use Storing data in FAT format on a media card offers a world of opportunities not possible before easily shari
202. or those who need to design filters Filter Basics which is a course in terminology and filter characterization important classes of filter filter order filter impedance and impedance matching and effects of different filter types Advanced Theory which covers the use of filter tables mathematics behind filter design and an explanation of the design of active filters Passive Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ladder filters Active Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ROMS ELECTRONICS CAD PACK PCB Layout Electronics CADPACK allows users to design complex circuit schematics to view circuit animations using a unique SPICE based simulation tool and to design printed circuit boards CADPACK is made up of three separate software modules These are restricted versions of the full Labcenter software ISIS Lite which provides full schematic drawing features including full control of drawing appearance automatic wire routing and over 6 000 parts PROSPICE Lite integrated into ISIS Lite which uses unique animation to show the operation of any circuit with mouse operated switches pots etc The animation is compiled using a full mixed mode SPICE simulator ARES L
203. oras 559 for all 3 5 99 Mkllb 49 95 MdkIll 89 95 All Prices Include VAT Add 3 00 P amp P per order or 7 99 for next day Chqs P O amp Most major cards accepted See our Website for many more kits prod ucts amp Secure On Line ordering Mail Order Only ELECTRONICS CTD 135 Hunter Street Burton on Trent Staffs DE14 2ST UK email sales magenta2000 co uk 4000 Series 74HC153 0 30 74LS244 0 41 NE5532N 0 48 L296 4 42 T yos BCIMZ 0 15 BF245B 0 40 Z1X65 0 33 4000B 0 27 4HC154 0 94 7415245 0 45 NE5534N 0 54 L387A 2 72 2N 0 19 BC182B 0 09 BF257 0 33 ZTX653 0 37 4001B 0 16 74HC157 0 22 74LS247 0 60 NE5539N 4 35 LM2940CT5 0 75 2N5061 0 19 BCI82L 0 11 BF259 0 33 ZTX689B 0 40 4002B 0 19 74HC158 0 23 74LS251 0 24 OPOZCN 0 80 LM317LZ 0 25 BT151 500R 0 65 BC183L 0 09 BF337 0 40 ZTX690B 0 37 4008B 0 23 74HC160 0 64 74LS257 0 24 OP27CN 2 33 LM317T 0 30 CIO6DI 0 36 BC184 0 09 BF422 0 15 ZTX705 0 39 4009UB 0 23 7ZAHC161 0 27 4L9258 0 24 OP90GP 2 91 LM317K 2 28 POT02AA 0 30 BC184L 0 12 BF423 0 15 ZTX750 0 25 4010B 0 28 74HC162 0 45 74LS266 0 14 OP97FP 1 84 LM323K 2 40 TICIO D 0 49 BC206B 0 72 BF459 0 33 ZTX751 0 34 4011B 0 16 74HC163 0 26 7415273 032 OPT13GP 3 44 LM334Z 0 96 TICTI6D 0 66 BC208 0 72 BF469 0 36 ZTX 53 0 40 4012B 0 16 74HC164 0 23 7415279 024 OPI76GP 2 09 LM337T
204. ortunately there is an excellent book on the subject Code Complete by Steve McConnell offers some excellent tips on how to write good software tips that are not just for professional writers It s also a fun read and your local library can probably get hold of a copy For those of you who are learning the C language from scratch there are plenty oftutorials and even books pub lished free of charge on the Internet Two good examples are listed at the end of this article Next Month We have covered important ground in this part and hopefully de mysti fied some of the issues Next month we will look at some practical issues with embedded C programming and hopefully guide you through some of the pitfalls that have welcomed many a programmer in the past References Online C book http publications gbdirect co uk c book C guidelines http syque com cstyle 31 Kd 4 T POST AND PACKING CHARGES Md Order Value Cost Order Value Cost i ji T 20 49 99 5 200 499 99 30 Nd pm 50 99 99 10 500 40 Magnetic Cartridge Pre amp 100 199 99 20 Max weight 12lb 5kg Heavier This kit is used to amplify the 3 4mV signals b parcels POA Minimum order 20 from a phono cartridge to line level so you can U j Note Products are dispatched from Australia use your turntable with the CD or tuner inputs on 4 Batte ry Zapper MKII so local customs duty and taxes may apply yo
205. overed in Electronic Circuits amp Components opposite and takes users through the subject of digital electronics up to the operation and architecture of microprocessors The virtual laboratories allow users to operate many circuits on screen Covers binary and hexadecimal numbering systems ASCII basic logic gates monostable action and circuits and bistables including JK and D type flip flops Multiple gate circuits equivalent logic functions and specialised logic functions Introduces sequential logic including clocks and clock circuitry counters binary coded decimal and shift registers A D and D A converters traffic light controllers memories and microprocessors architecture bus systems and their arithmetic logic units Sections on Boolean Logic and Venn diagrams displays and chip types have been expanded in Version 2 and new sections include shift registers digital fault finding programmable logic controllers and microcontrollers and microprocessors The Institutional versions now also include several types of assessment for supervisors including worksheets multiple choice tests fault finding exercises and examination questions ANALOGUE FILTERS Analogue Filters is a complete course in designing active and passive filters that makes use of highly interactive virtual laboratories and simulations to explain how filters are designed It is split into five chapters Revision which provides underpinning knowledge required f
206. overseas Payment in sterling only please Visa Amex Diners Club Maestro and MasterCard accepted Send fax or phone your card number card expiry date and card security code the last 3 digits on or just under the sig nature strip with your name address etc Or order on our secure server via our UK web site Overseas cus tomers your credit card will be charged by the card provider in your local currency at the existing exchange rate Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email stewart kearn wimborne co uk Editor MIKE KENWARD Consulting Editors DAVID BARRINGTON JOHN BECKER Business Manager DAVID J LEAVER Subscriptions MARILYN GOLDBERG General Manager FAY KEARN Editorial Admin 01202 873872 Advertising Manager STEWART KEARN 01202 873872 On Line Editor ALAN WINSTANLEY EPE Online Internet version Editors CLIVE MAX MAXFIELD and ALVIN BROWN READERS TECHNICAL ENQUIRIES E mail techdept O epemag wimborne co uk We are unable to offer any advice on the use purchase repair or modification of commercial equipment or the incorporation or modification of designs published in the magazine We regret that we cannot provide data or answer queries on articles or projects that are more than five years old Letters requiring a personal reply must be accompanied by a stamped self addressed envelope or a self addressed envelope and international reply coupon
207. own as an out line on the PC board You also need to file the edge of the PC board slightly where shown to allow room for the XLR securing nut to encroach into the PC board space Alternatively if you are using a microphone with a 3 5mm jack plug you can use a PC mount 3 5mm socket instead In that case you won t need to make the cutout Fig 2 shows the assembly details Start by installing all the PC stakes at the wiring and switch terminal points then install the resistors diodes D1 to D3 Zener diode ZD1 and the IC Make sure you place each component in its correct position and with the correct orientation Table 1 shows the resistor colour codes but it s also a good idea to check the values using a digital multimeter as some of the colours can be difficult to distinguish The relays and transistor Q1 can go in next followed by the capaci tors Be sure to install the electrolytic capacitors with the polarity shown The 3 5mm socket can also now be installed if it is being fitted The 3 position slide switch 51 is mounted on its side with its top face aligned with the edge of the PC board Five of its bottom terminals are soldered directly to the previously MICROPHONE DI o Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 installed PC stakes as shown on Fig 2 while three of the top terminals con nect to their PC stakes via short lengths of tinned copper wire Drilling the front pan
208. pplication code That was an over simplification of what C Startup does so lets go into a little more detail C Startup Detail When the processor comes out of reset it starts executing software at code location 0 In assembly language programs we use an ORG 0 statement and follow that with our initialisation code C Startup contains the code that runs from location 0 It sets up the software stack a reserved area of RAM used by the C language to pass parameters to functions then initial ises all of our global variables Remember global variables outside of any function or statically declared variables inside of functions will be initialised after reset to either zero or whatever value you specify when you declared the variable Having done that C Startup finishes by passing control i e jumping to our main function Your application code takes over from there General purpose embedded C compilers would normally supply a skeleton C Startup file which you have to modify to suit your hardware You would be expected to define the code and data memory layout what address the processor jumps to after reset etc As the PIC has all its code and data storage internally all these options are effectively fixed by Mi crochip anda single C Startup routine will suit all processors and projects Thus you should never need to edit the file C Startup Versions There are however three versions of the C Sta
209. put process and output modules including CMOS Logic Op Amps PIC PICAXE Remote Control Modules IR and Radio Transistors Thyristors Relays and much more Click Data for a complete guide to the pin layouts of i c s transistors etc Click More Information for detailed background information with many animated diagrams Nearly all the circuits can be instantly simulated in Crocodile Technology not ppm included on the CD ROM and you can customise the designs as required 2244422 WHAT S INCLUDED Light Modules Temperature Modules Sound Modules Moisture Modules Switch Modules Astables including 555 Remote Control IR amp Radio Transistor Amplifiers Thyristor Relay Op Amp Modules Logic Modules 555 Timer PIC PICAXE Output Devices Transistor Drivers Relay Motor Direction amp Speed Control 7 Segment Displays Data sections with pinouts etc Example Projects Full Search Facility Further Background Information and Animated Diagrams Runs in Microsoft Internet Explorer All circuits can be viewed but can only be simulated if your computer has Crocodile Technoloy version 410 or later A free trial version of Crocodile Technology can be downloaded from www crocodile clips com Animated diagrams run without Crocodile Technology Single User 39 00 inc VAT Multiple Educational Users under 500 students 59 00 plus VAT Over 500 students 79 00 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices
210. r 14 for which NiCads will still be allowed include emergency lighting power tools certified medical equipment and the requirements of national security A major application that will cease is mobile radios and cordless telephones in which NiCads have played the mainstay role for many years These users will have to find compatible new batteries and charg ers or else buy new appliances Another effect of the legislation is the obligation on suppliers to collect and recycle all batter les at no cost to the user There will be tough recycling targets too Within four years of the directive com ing into force industry will be required to recover 25 per cent by weight of all batter ies sold The EU directive on this subject is expected to be published before the end of this year with up to two years allowed after that for implementation Worst Law Ever If you think these European directives are oppressive then thank your lucky stars you don t live in Japan where consumers only just escaped far more draconian legislation It was in March of this year that the Japanese government did a U turn and quashed the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law which it had already passed in 2001 The legislation aimed to ban the sale of electrical consumer goods manu factured before the year 2001 unless they passed a safety test that would generally cost far more than the item s current value The aim of this directive was
211. r coloured pegs in holes on the board The dummy helps in this by indicating the number of correct colours and or correct posi tions in each attempt but not which ones are correct Electronic equivalent This game is the electronic equivalent of this but instead of coloured pegs a 4 digit LED display is used The PIC selects four digits randomly and as these are not displayed they are therefore unknown to the player This is done at the start of each game by pressing the hash button on the keypad The player then tries to guess the 4 digit number by entering it via a 50 Mind Trainer Exercise your mind in an keypad and this is shown on the dis play Pressing the star button on the keypad enters this guess changing the display to two digits the right hand one showing how many correct num bers have been entered in their cor rect position while the left hand one displays the number of correct digits that are in the wrong positions Hidden numbers For example suppose that the hidden number is 1234 and the user has entered 3514 On pressing the button 2 1 will be displayed where indicates a blank digit because although three correct numbers have been chosen 1 3 and 4 two are in the wrong position and only one the 4 is in its correct position Note that no indication is given as to which the incorrect number is or which one is in its correct position Pressing the button also automaticall
212. riting software not deciding where things are placed Sometimes how ever you will want to specify where objects are placed Interrupt routines areatypical example where you must explicitly tell the compiler things like This function must start at code loca tion 0x18 The compiler also wants to be able to specify where objects should go vari ables into RAM functions into code space The linker file is the link sic between the memory layout of your particular device and the C compiler The compiler is a general purpose program and is not expected to know individual processor configurations and so it will examine the project s linker file to find out That is why you will find a linker file for each processor in the microchip PIC18 range and they all follow a similar layout Some Linker Detail Let s take a look at the linker file we used last month 1812420 lkr After specifying the standard library files and the startup code it lists a number of memory sections For example CODEPAGE NAME vectors START 0x0 END 0x29 PROTECT ED This is an area of memory reserved for interrupt vectors The compiler will avoid placing user code in this section Next up CODEPAGE NAME page START 0x2A END 0x3FFF This identifies the remaining space available in code for user functions If the code you write exceeds 0x3FFF bytes the compiler will indicate an error that you have used too much memory You will not normally n
213. rophone signal This is done in the PA mixer it receives the balanced signal and subtracts the non inverted microphone signal from 40 1 M3 x 20mm countersunk screw 1 M3 x 10mm tapped spacer 1 50mm cable tie 13 PC stakes Semiconductors 1 TLO72 dual op amp IC1 1 BC328 PNP transistor Q1 1 4 7V 1W Zener diode ZD1 1 1N5819 Schottky diode D1 2 1N4148 or 1N914 diodes D2 D3 1 3mm green LED LED1 Capacitors 1 470uF 16V PC electrolytic 4 100uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 22uF 16V PC electrolytic 2 10uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 100nF MKT polyester 1 inF MKT polyester Resistors 196 0 25W 1 100kO 1 6800 1 22kQ 2 5600 6 10kQ 1 2200 2 6 8kQ 2 1000 1 1k 1 220 the inverted microphone signal This removes the mains hum signal since the same signal will be presentin both leads By contrast the microphone signal is doubled since subtracting an inverted signal from the non inverted signal gives twice the signal level Lapel Microphone Adaptor That s where the Lapel Microphone Adaptor comes in it not only pro vides power to a standard electret microphone but also includes all the necessary circuitry to provide bal anced output signals In addition it also includes a muting facility which shorts the signal output to ground so that sound is no longer heard through Specifications Frequency response 16Hz to 16kHz actual response depends on the microphone used Output level typically 100mV
214. rown red red black brown brown brown green black brown brown brown black black brown brown green brown black black brown yellow violet black black brown white brown black gold brown grey red black gold brown violet green black gold brown 21 The assembly is straightforward but be sure to install all polarised parts with the correct orientation These include the diodes 3 terminal voltage regulators the LED and the two surface mount op amps surface mount SOIC packages which are mounted on the bottom of the PC board more on this later Begin the board assembly by fitting the short wire link which forms a via between the top and bottom copper tracks of the 5V supply rail It s R RED VIDEO IN x Y LUMINANCE VIDEO OUT Cb B Y VIDEO OUT x x Fig 4 these full size artworks can be used as drilling templates for the front and rear panels 22 located near the front ofthe board about 17mm to the right of the 4700 resistor just behind LED1 Fitting this link first will make sure you don t forget it Next fit the resistors making sure you solder their earthy leads to both sides of the board where indicated G GREEN VIDEO IN x B BLUE VIDEO IN e RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER Cr R Y VIDEO OUT x 9V RMS AC INPUT x RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER Table 1 shows the resistor colour codes but we advise checking each value on a multimeter
215. rt 6 Transistors types operation and characteristics Basic concepts of amplifiers gain frequency response and bandwidth Some practical amplifier circuits Apr 44 Part 7 Test and Measurement Meters Ohmmeters Oscilloscopes Waveforms Distortion and Frequency Response Testing May 40 Part 8 Digital Electronics Introducing logic circuits logic families logic gates Jun 42 Part 9 Bistable Investigation Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Jul 42 Part 10 PIC Microcontrollers and Operational Amplifiers Aug 42 Part 11 Radio Constructional Project Teach In 2006 Competition Sept 44 REGULAR FEATURES EDITORIAL Monthly NET WORK THE INTERNET PAGE surfed by Alan Winstanley A slipped disk Oct 60 Anti virus and anti spam plus Google conversions Jan 36 Gone phishing CallinglD toolbar Mar 36 It s good to talk Voice on the Net Simply Skype Apr 73 Let s start with Skype May 64 MSN Messenger Aug 70 Recycle risk confirmed A better VNC IP cameras Dec 59 Route to your network As easy as VNC Nov 70 The phone age Jul 68 Tried the EPE Chatzone Feb 36 VoIP phones Video stars Jun 68 Webcam security system Sept 72 NEWS plus reports by Barry Fox Monthly READOUT addressed by John Becker Monthly TECHNO TALK by Mark Nelson An XMAX tale Jan 22 Banned substances Dec 14 Body cells Mar 20 Day of the RFIDs Nov 21 Extreme electronics May 18 Funny facts about the mains Apr 16 Mushroom magic and the quest for green volts Oct 18 Pronounced
216. rtup code for you to choose from c018i o c018iz o and c018 0 Version c018i o is the default startup routine The other two provide extra or fewer features which affect the size of your program file Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 The reason for the choice is related to what C does with variable initialisa tion If you declare a global or static variable and initialise it to a value at the same time for example int baudRate 9600 C Startup is responsible for per forming the initialisation of the variable s value before your main function is called The default startup file c018i o does this for you The C language standard also dictates that global or static variables that are not initialised to a value must be set to 0 To save code space c018i o does not do this if you want fully standard compliant variable initiali sation use the file c018iz o The third file c018 0 performs no variable initialisation at all which means you must perform your initialisation manually i e int baudRate baudRate 9600 In some cases this restriction is acceptable and will save you a few hundred bytes of code space Linker File You specify the C Startup file to use in the linker file that you include in your project If you edit the linker file that we used in last week s example 1812420 lkr you will see lines like the following FILES c018i 0 FILES clib lib FILES p18f2420 lib If you want
217. s Note that REG1 s centre lead is sol dered on both sides of the board as are two leads for REG2 ee t You will need a fine tipped soldering iron to install IC1 amp IC2 Make sure that you don t overheat them or leave solder bridges between their pins Surface mount ICs Once the regulators are in you are ready to fit the two surface mount ICs IC1 amp IC2 These are 8 lead SOIC packages and mount on the underside of the board see Fig 5 They have a 1 25mm lead spacing so they re not too small for manual handling and solder ing providing you re careful and use a soldering iron with a fine tipped bit To fit these ICs invert the board and locate their mounting positions you ll find the two sets of four small rectangular pads in each position That done remove the devices from their packaging and examine each one with a magnifying glass to identify the small chamfer along one side ie adjacent to pins 1 4 of the device Both devices are mounted on the board with this chamfered side to wards the front ie downwards in Fig 5 Be sure to use a fine tipped sol dering iron for this job and be careful not to overheat them or leave solder bridges between their pins The best way to install them is to hold each device in place with a toothpick while you press down gently on one of its leads with the tip of the soldering iron This will usually make a weak solder joint between the lead and the tinning
218. s co uk If you have any com ments or possible sugges tions for future topics you can email the author at alan epemag demon co uk 59 ELECTRONICS MANUALS ON CD ROM 29 95 EACH ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL ESM ELECTRONICS CEHVICE MAWUAL A practical rederence marziali on electron servicing techniques Everything you need to know to get started in repairing electronic equipment e Around 900 pages Fundamental principles e Troubleshooting techniques Servicing techniques e Choosing and using test equipment e Reference data e Manufacturers web links e Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format e Clear and simple layout e Vital safety precautions Professionally written e Supplements SAFETY Safety Regulations Electrical Safety and First Aid UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE Electrical and Electronic Principles Active and Passive Components Circuit Diagrams Circuit Measurements Radio Computers Valves and Manufacturers Data etc PRACTICAL SKILLS Learn how to identify Electronic Components Avoid Static Hazards Carry Out Soldering and Wiring Hemove and Replace Components TEST EQUIPMENT How to Choose and Use Test Equipment Assemble a Toolkit Set Up a Workshop and Get the Most from Your Multimeter and Oscilloscope etc SERVICING TECHNIQUES The Manual includes vital guidelines on how to Service Audio Amplifiers The Supplements include similar guidelines for Radio Receivers TV Receivers Cassette Record
219. s We are not able to answer techni cal queries on the phone PROJECTS AND CIRCUITS All reasonable precautions are taken to ensure that the advice and data given to readers is reli able We cannot however guarantee it and we cannot accept legal responsibility for it A number of projects and circuits published in EPE employ voltages than can be lethal You should not build test modify or renovate any item of mains powered equipment unless you fully understand the safety aspects involved and you use an RCD adaptor COMPONENT SUPPLIES We do not supply electronic components or kits for building the projects featured these can be supplied by advertisers We advise readers to check that all parts are still available before commencing any pro ject in a back dated issue ADVERTISEMENTS Although the proprietors and staff of EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS take reasonable precautions to protect the interests of readers by ensuring as far as practicable that advertisements are bona fide the magazine and its Publishers cannot give any undertak ings in respect of statements or claims made by advertisers whether these advertisements are printed as part of the magazine or in inserts The Publishers regret that under no circum stances will the magazine accept liability for non receipt of goods ordered or for late delivery or for faults in manufacture TRANSMITTERS BUGS TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT We advise readers that certain items
220. s EN SUPPORTIENURVE NETI PH 925 736 20991 62 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS FREE COMPONENTS Lichfield Electronics The place for soldering equipment and electronics kits Buy 10 x 1 Special Packs and choose another one FREE Sunkko 850D SP1 15 x 5mm Red LEDs SP135 l SP2 12 x 5mm Green LEDs SP136 High power SMD Rework Station for SP3 12 x 5mm Yellow LEDs SP137 BGA removal QFP and larger soldering EN X em REDE clips s ers x omm mne S Digital readout of set and actual temp SP7 12 x 3mm Green LEDS SP142 Large nozzle for large chips BGA etc SP8 10 x 3mm Yellow LEDs SP143 0 3 24 L Min air output T 25 x 3mm 1 A clips P10 100 x 1N4148 diodes 1 200W max output 650W norm SP11 30 x 1N4001 diodes Auto on off by handle position SP12 30 x 1N4002 diodes CE marked complete with nozzle amp SP18 20 x BC182 transistors IC lifting fork 1 45 Inc Vat amp 5 x Miniature slide switches 3 x BFY5O transistors 4 x W005 1 5A bridge rectifiers 20 x 2 2 63V radial elect caps 3 x WO4 1 5A bridge rectifiers 2 x CMOS 4017 5 Pairs min crocodile clips Red amp Black 5 Pairs min crocodile clips assorted colours 10 x 2N3704 transistors 5 x Stripboard 9 strips x 25 holes 4 x 8mm Red LEDs 4 x 8mm Green LEDs 4 x 8mm Yellow LEDs 15 x BC548 transistors 3 x Stripboard 14 strips x 27 holes 10 x 2N3904 transistors 10 x 2N3906 transistors 2 x C106D thyristors 2 x LF351 Op Amps 20 x 1N4003 dio
221. s book are Choosing set ting up and understanding your computer and its main components Writing letters leaflets invitations etc and other word processing jobs Keeping track of your finances using a spreadsheet Recording details of holi days and other ideas using a database Using the Internet to find useful information and email to keep in touch with family and friends Making back up copies of your work and checking for viruses How to use Windows XP to help people with impaired vision hearing or mobility Provides the basic knowledge so you can gain enough confidence to join the local computer class Order code BP601 8 99 THE INTERNET FOR THE OLDER GENERATION Jim Gatenby Especially written for the over 50s Uses only clear and easy to understand language Larger type size for easy reading Provides basic knowledge to give you confidence to join the local computer class This book explains how to use your PC on the Internet and covers amongst other things Choosing and setting up your computer for the Internet Getting connected to the Internet Sending and receiving emails photographs etc so that you can keep in touch with family and friends all over the world Searching for and saving information on any subject On line shopping and home banking Setting up your own simple web site Order code BP600 8 99 135 pages 104 pages 308 pages 228 pages Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006
222. s to indicate when the file ends unused clusters etc These are 0x0000 Cluster is unused 0x0003 OxFFEF Next cluster in the file OxFFF7 Cluster contains a bad sector do not use OxFFFS OxFFFF Last cluster in the file As you can see media that has a large cluster size will not be efficient at storing large numbers of files If your cluster size is 4KB and you store a 4 1KB file the file will occupy 8KB This is the nature of FAT file systems it is a trade off between stor age efficiency and speed of access to files The size of the cluster is not under your control so you have to live with it The names creation date and attributes of each file are not held with the file data but instead in the directory table that fol lows immediately after the FAT tables The content of this data structure can been seen in Fig 6 The specification for the bit fields is detailed in the source code that accom panies this article in the file FAT16 inc Ao i occi fes drain o o ANNA Reserved OEM Name ASCII Humber of bytes sector Number of sectors cluster Number of reserved sectors Number of FAT copies Maximum root entries Number of sectors FAT Number of sectors m the partition Magic number 0x29 Volume name ASCII FAT type ASCII FAT16 End marker UY 6 A55 ti do Fig 5 FAT16 Boot Record partitions Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 SIC File name ASCII 0x08
223. sheet paper The labels are then trimmed peeled off the backing and attached to the panels That done a length of clear packaging tape ie wide adhesive tape is applied over each panel to protect it from dirt and finger grease Finally any excess tape is trimmed off and the holes cut out using a sharp hobby knife Final assembly Now for the final assembly This is done by first fitting the panels over the connectors on each side of the board and also over the LED in the case of the front panel That done lower the assembly into the bottom half of the case sliding each panel into its mating slot It s then simply a matter of fitting eight 6mm long self tapping screws four along the front and four along the rear to hold the PC board in place Finally the top half of the case can be fitted and secured from the bottom using the two long countersink head self tappers provided Your RGB to Component Video Converter is now complete and ready for use There are no adjustments to make all that s needed is to connect a suitable 9V AC plugpack and it should spring to life part of the SCART connector Al ternatively the Y channel of a Y C output can be used as the source The composite video signal is first terminated with a 75 resis tor see diagram and excessive chroma or noise is attenuated with a simple low pass RC filter formed by the 560 resistor and the 470pF capacitor The signal is then AC coupled to
224. sign his own power supplies Includes cassette PSU Ni Cad charger volt age step up circuit and a simple inverter 91 pages Order code BP76 5 49 HOW TO USE OSCILLOSCOPES AND OTHER TEST EQUIPMENT R A Penfold This book explains the basic function of an oscilloscope gives a detailed explanation of all the standard controls and provides advice on buying A separate chapter deals with using an oscilloscope for fault finding on linear and logic circuits plenty of example waveforms help to illustrate the control functions and the effects of various fault conditions The function and use of various other pieces of test equipment are also covered includ ing signal generators logic probes logic pulsers and crystal calibrators Order code BP267 5 49 167 pages 104 pages DIREC I BOOK SERVICE The books listed have been selected by Everyday Practical Electronics editorial staff as being of special interest to every one involved in electronics and computing They are supplied by mail order direct to your door Full ordering details are given on the last book page FOR A FURTHER SELECTION OF BOOKS SEE THE NEXT TWO ISSUES OF EPE All prices include UK postage ELECTRONIC PROJECT BUILDING FOR BEGINNERS R A Penfold This book is for complete beginners to electronic project building It provides a complete introduction to the practi cal side of this fascinating hobby including the following topics Component identi
225. solated RS422 and RS485 versions for reliable long distance communications All our USB Serial products are based on the premium chipsets and drivers from FTDI Chip for superior compatibility performance and technical support across Windows MAC OS CE and Linux platforms NETCOM 813 ES W 3001 M 125 00 8 Port Industrial Ethernet RS232 RS422 RS485 Serial Server with wall mount bracket and PSU RS232 RS422 RS485 Serial Server with PSU and wall mount bracket Connects wired also Ethernet amp Wi Fi 802 11b g RS232 422 485 Serial Servers One to eight port industrial strength Ethernet and Wireless ethernet serial RS232 RS422 RS485 Servers Connect to your serial device remotely over your Wireless network Ethernet or via the Internet Single Port high performance Industrial Wireless Ethernet Based on the 32 bit ARM CPU these systems offer powerful serial connectivity and a wealth of features WLAN models comply with IEEE 802 11b g max 54 Mb s and also offer a 10 100Mbps secondary ethernet connection All models come complete with PSU Prices start at only 85 00 NetCOM 111 EasySync B 373 Scotland Street Glasgow G5 8QB U K Tel 44 141 418 0181 Fax 44 141 418 0110 Web http www easysync co uk E Mail sales easysync co uk Prices shown exclude carriage and VAT where applicable PROTEUS ELECTRONIC DESIGN par A A i i 3 l i E if o r3 l MERE i X
226. st month s low level code We have also added some new commands to the RS232 debug user interface to display a directory listing the contents of a file etc All the high level access functions are list ed in FAT16 inc The nice thing about implementing a FAT interface is that the underlying soft ware need implement only two functions readBlock and writeBlock We did just that last month so this month s code focuses on the higher level FAT interfacing and ignores almost completely the underlying complexities of the card interface This is a typical design practice implement the soft ware in layers with each subsequent layer providing a greater level of abstrac tion from the preceding layers No need to worry about SPI commands and bit twid dling this month Finally This has been quite a length and com plex discussion but we hope that you can see the potential benefits are enormous and quite good fun to experiment with Reference WinHex http www x ways net 17 OK YOU VE JUST arrived home with your new widescreen TV set and tried to hook it up But there s a problem your new set has Y Cb Cr component video inputs while your digital set top box only provides high quality signals in RGB format You ve got three choices throw a wobbly use the composite video output but at the expense of picture quality or build this low cost RGB to Component Video Converter 18 Everyday Practical Electronics Decemb
227. stic box 83 x 54 x 31mm It s sup ported inside the box by four 9mm long M3 tapped spacers using four countersink 6mm x M3 screws through the bottom ofthe box and another four Parts List 1 PC board code 597 available from the EPE PCB Service 76 x 46mm 1 plastic utility box UB 5 size 83 x 54 x 31mm 1 USB socket type B PC mount CON1 1 USB socket type A PC mount CON2 1 2 5mm concentric LV power Socket CON3 4 M3 tapped spacers 9mm long 6 M3 x 6mm machine screws round head 4 M3 x 6mm machine screws countersink head Semiconductors 1 7805 5V regulator REG1 1 PN100 NPN transistor Q1 1 IRF9540 P channel MOSFET Q2 1 3mm green LED LED1 5 1N4004 diodes D1 D5 Capacitors 1 1000uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 10uF 25V tantalum 1 100nF 0 1uF multilayer monolithic code 104 or 100n Resistors 0 25W 1 1 22kQ 2 10kQ 1 8200 12 parts round head 6mm x M3 screws through the PC board itself Rectangular holes are cut in the nar row ends of the box to provide access to the two USB connectors CON1 and CON2 while a 3mm round hole is drilled in the end next to CON2 to allow LED1 to protrude through Similarly a 9mm hole is drilled in one of the longer sides of the box to allow access to power input connector CONS The locations of all box holes are shown in Fig 4 The component overlay diagram for the PC is shown in Fig 2 and you can cross check this with the internal photo be
228. still Visual BASIC 6 0 Background Some commercial software that includes a virtual control panel has a fancy back ground such as one that looks remarkably like real brushed aluminium The reason that most of these panels look so realistic is that they are produced using a photograph Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 Fig 4 Filled rectangles and ellipses are easily programmed They can be posi tioned behind buttons labels and other visible components VOLTS 000 00 PRE IANUE MAGE ARE HRP a 3 di h Fig 5 In this example the background is provided by a photograph of an alumini um panel Any bitmap in JPG GIF or BMP format can be added to the form of the genuine article It is possible to add a background image using any modern ver sion of Visual BASIC including Visual BASIC 2005 Express One way of doing it is to add a PictureBox component to the form This can then be dragged to the required size and if necessary it can cover the entire form To add an image to the PictureBox go to its properties window and operate the button in the Image section This produces a pop up window where the image can be selected if it has already been added to the project as a resource Preloading the image is not really neces sary though and an image file on the com puter s hard drive can be loaded by operat ing the Import button A file browser then appears and this is used to locate and load the ima
229. sting techniques the reader should be able to con fidently tackle servicing of most electronic projects Order code BP239 5 49 DIGITAL GATES AND FLIP FLOPS lan R Sinclair This book intended for enthusiasts students and techni cians seeks to establish a firm foundation in digital elec tronics by treating the topics of gates and flip flops thor oughly and from the beginning No background other than a basic knowledge of electronics is assumed and the more theoretical topics are explained from the beginning as also are many working practices The book concludes with an expla nation of microprocessor techniques as applied to digital logic Le do TA ehe H d Om l lt 9 95 PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS HANDBOOK Fifth Edition lan Sinclair Provides a practical and comprehensive collection of circuits rules of thumb and design data for professional engineers students and enthusaists and therefore enough background to allow the understanding and development of a range of basic circuits Contents Passive components Active discrete components Circuits Linear I C s Energy conversion components Digital l C s Microprocessors and microprocessor systems Transferring digital data Digital analogue conversions Computer aids in elec tronics Hardware components and practical work Micro controllers and PLCs Digital broadcasting Electronic security Order code NE21 19 99 96 pages 200 pages 440 pages MUSIC AUD
230. t by the R1 resistor values so its output signal corresponds to 2 R Y This is done to compensate for the voltage division that occurs when the converter s R Y output is connected to the R Y input of a TV set or video projector ie due to the effect of the converter s 750 back termination output resistor and the set s 750 input impedance Reg To gau t Video Above the rear panel provides access to the three component video RCA output sockets and the power socket Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 19 5V IC1 IC2 MAX4451ESA dim 100nF 10uF EE I I 5 Cr R Y 5109 196 E 5 8 OUTPUT 7 2 R Y S CONI 910 2 2k 6 1 1 Sera CON6 S E 5100 1 6 2k 1 5100 1 5100 1 G GREEN VIDEO IN Ea gt G 5100 1 AE 750 1 CON2 820 2Y 196 A CONA 51k 5100 1 1 VIDEO IN 5100 1 l Ai 750 1 S 72 CONS 919 m 196 hai 5100 1 CONS 5109 1 100nF 10uF T 9V AC DI 1N4004 I T l DE IN OUT 5V GND SENT E 100uF 4702 A LEDI I I T POWER wm 100pF K GND 16V IN OUT Gs l D2 1N4004 REG2 7905 1N4004 RGB TO COMPONENT VIDEO CONVERTER zl A K Fig 2 the complete circuit for the RGB To Component Video Converter Op amps IC1a IC2a amp IC2b all operate with a gain of two to compensate for the signal losses that occur due to the 750 back termination output resistors and the set s 750 input impedance Exactly th
231. t system presents a list of the available colours at this point Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 so it is just a matter of selecting the required colour from the list The other four parameters are pairs of co ordinates The Visual BASIC 2005 Express co ordinate system is like the one used in other versions of Visual BASIC in that it has 0 0 in the top left hand corner of the window It is different in that it operates using pix els rather than the more arbitrary system of other versions The first line is therefore drawn from a point 40 pixels in from the left and 350 pixels from the top to one 700 pixels from the left and 350 pixels from the top of the window There is a big drawback in using con ventional programming rather than the visual approach The lines never appear on the form so it is necessary to press F5 and run the program in order to check whether the graphics code is having the desired effect Working out designs on graph paper should provide initial results that are reasonably accurate Even so it will usually be necessary to do a little fine tuning in order to get things just right Filled In The lack of a width parameter is a major limitation of the DrawLine instruction but there is a way of drawing thick lines There is a DrawRectangle instruction which draws the outline of a rectangle using a one pixel wide line This can be used to draw hollow lines Perhaps of more use there is
232. tal Film 1 E24 Series 100 1M 0 04 Each 1 72 per 100 74HC42 0 36 74LS162 0 44 MAX222CPE 506 78L05 0 22 35A 100V 157 WW Carbon Film 5 E12 Series 10Q 10M 0 02 Each 0 95 per 100 T cm one Li E F OS M S GE 1 30 72 ne 07 2 a i 80 T AW AN ADW 250 e sow also sick sslecied values zu contact aon Eagh VAHC75 0 31 7415165 0 48 ze o 0 16 reset Resistors Please State Value Require OERZ 0237415173 024 MAXGSIACP 499 76124 H 39A 1000V 2 92 Skeleton Jomm Dib Horizontal 1806 2 IMO OW 0 03 Each aco SARA BRNG D m wo cq cq MUI 74HC123 032 74LS190 4 0 60 MC1458N 0 27 78815 Multiturn 19mm Lona End Adjust E3 500 1 MQ 0 5W 0 59 Each 4HC125 0 26 741819 0 27 MC1488 0 40 7905 Always Potentiometers Please State Value Required 74HC126 0 46 7418192 0 60 MC1489 0 35 7912 online Single Gang X Shaft 25mm Dia 4700 2M2 Linear 0 56 Each 4HC132 0 26 74LS193 0 43 MC3302 0 56 7915 Our catalogue Single Gang A Shaft 25mm Dia 4k7 10k 47k 100k 1M 2M2 Log 0 56 Each 4HC133 0 34 74LS195 0 24 MC4558P 0 40 7924 E ailable Dual Gang Shaft 20mm Dia k0 2M2 Linear 1 54 Each V1LICI3S7997 0 30 7415221 0 41 NAKA484 0 66 79105 view or down Dual Gangh Shaft 20mm Dia 10k 470k Logarithmic 1 54 Each 4HC138 T 0 26 74LS240 0 32 NE521N 6 39 79L12 load Switched pA Shaft 20mm Dia 1k0 2M2 Linear 1 92 Each 74HC139 0 31 74524 0 32 NE555N 0 16 79L15 Up to
233. te for the latest information Ordering Information Our PIC programmer module connects to the serial port of your PC COM1 or COMO Our PIC programming software will operate within Windows 98 XP NT 2000 etc The new Visual C training system will require Windows XP NT 2000 etc Telephone with Visa Mastercard or Switch or send cheque PO All prices include VAT if applicable White LED and Motors Our PIC training system uses a very practical approach Towards the end of the PIC C book circuits need to be built on the plug board The 5 volt supply which is already wired to the plugboard has a current limit setting which ensures that even the most severe wiring errors will not be a fire hazard and are very unlike ly to damage PICs or other ICs We use a PIC16F627 as a freezer thaw monitor as a step up switching regulator to drive 3 ultra bright white LEDs and to con trol the speed of a DC motor with maximum torque still available A kit of parts can be purchased 30 to build the circuits using the white LEDs and the two motors See our web site for details Mail order address Brunning Software 138 The Street Little Clacton Clacton on sea Essex CO16 9LS Tel 01255 862308 Regular Clinic lan Bell Surgery The final part of our close up view of 555 timer circuit formulae HIS is the third and final part of our extended answer to CherryTree s question from the EPE Chat Zone about where the form
234. the simple flasher circuit of Fig l In fact ICI ordinarily draws more than 5004A at 9V Flash Time However IC can be persuaded to use much less power than this simply by restricting the current flow through resis tor R2 With the component values shown in Fig 1 this circuit will brightly flash an ultrabright LED at 0 5Hz for more than twenty years drawing 12uA off six high capacity AA batteries If the component values in Table 1 are used it will flash although more dimly for close to one thousand years drawing just 0 3uA The circuit is unorthodox in that IC1 requires a minimum of 3V yet when LED DI flashes the voltage across ICla drops to 2V At this point the circuit is theoretically non functional yet it does permit capacitor C1 to recharge through R1 and R2 As the voltage across Cla again approaches 3V ICla kicks into life and the discharge of Cl is again per mitted through LED DI Unused gates are tied high to conserve power as well as prevent them from floating a D1 ULTRA BRIGHT RED LED Fig 1 Circuit diagram for the 1000 Year Flasher Components The author used the Motorola version of IC1 the MC14093BCP While other CMOS 4093 ICs should work in this posi tion this has not been tested D1 should be an ultrabright red LED Capacitor CI should be a new good quality low leakage component He would be obliged if readers who build this circuit confirm in due course that it has con
235. tle endian and is the format used by Intel processors when storing multi byte values Partitions Media cards are typically created with a single partition so we look through the MBR s partition table details to find where this partition actually starts as shown in Fig 4 We look for a value of 4 6 or 14 in the partition type which signifies a FAT16 file system and then look to the offset field to find where the partition proper starts Pea eee y dam Description File name ASCII File extension ASCII File attributes File creation time File creation date File start cluster Size of file Fig 4 MBH partitions 4 RJ LA KA we oxic As you can see there are a number of hoops that need to be jumped through but this only needs to be done once when you power up the card We are getting close to finding the data Another quick note Most Media cards are supplied pre formatted with these data structures but in some cases when the card is reformatted by Windows the MBR is dis carded and location 0 holds the start of the partition On a Media card the only use for the MBR is to locate the active partition so this does not cause us a problem we just need to check to find out if the MBR is present or not FAT records The FAT16 boot record which you can see in Fig 5 appears at the beginning of the partition Lots of key information in here helps us locate the remaining data on the card
236. to change the choice of startup file just change the refer ence in the linker file save it and re build your program You can experiment with this and then look at the map file to see how the code size changes Building the code with c018 0 c0181 0 and then c018iz 0 resulted in code sizes of 145 307 and 327 bytes As you can see for small projects the startup code has quite an effect on the code size As project size increases however the overhead of the startup code reduces Our recommendation is to stick with the default startup file and consider changing only if you are running out of code space Table Block To assist C Startup perform the initialisation of global variables there is another block of information a ta ble that gets stored in your code and placed in flash memory As you might imagine when the C Startup code is filling in all your global variable ini tialisations it needs an efficient way to store a list of those variables their type and the value to write into them This information is held in a table Global variable initialisation has an interesting implication on the size of your code If you want to define a variable that will never change for example the number of seconds in a minute you might be inclined to write the following int secondsPerMinute 60 This is not very efficient The reason for this is that the C compiler will allocate some RAM space for your variable and it w
237. tware Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series We have also added Alan Winstanley s highly acclaimed Basic Soldering Guide which is fully illustrated and which also includes Desoldering The Teach In series covers Colour Codes and Resistors Capacitors Potentiometers Sensor Resistors Ohm s Law Diodes and L E D s Waveforms Frequency and Time Logic Gates Binary and Hex Logic Op amps Comparators Mixers Audio and Sensor Amplifiers Transistors Transformers and Rectifiers Voltage Regulation Integration Differentiation 7 segment Displays L C D s Digital to Analogue Each part has an associated practical section and the series includes a simple PC acit interface Win 95 98 ME ONLY so you can use your PC as a basic oscilloscope with the Circo Surgery various circuits A hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try out 12 45 including VAT and postage Requires Adobe Acrobat available free from the Internet www adobe com acrobat FREE WITH EACH TEACH IN CD ROM Understanding Active Components booklet Indentifying Electronic Components booklet and The Best Of Circuit Surgery CDROM FREE TWO BOOKLETS PLUS CD ROM WITH TEACH IN 2000 Sine wave relationship values PROJECT DESIGN WITH CROCODILE TECHNOLOGY An Interactive Guide to Circuit Design An interactive CD ROM to guide you through the process of circuit design Choose from an extensive range of in
238. uity Unlimited Circuit Surgery Techno Talk e PIC N Mix e Practically Speaking e Net Work The Internet Page BACK Issues ONLY 4 00 each inc UK p amp p Overseas prices 4 75 each surface mail 5 75 each airmail We can also supply issues from earlier years 2001 except Feb May Aug to Nov 2002 except Feb June Aug to Nov 2008 except June 2004 except June July Oct and Dec 2005 except Feb Nov Dec 2006 except Jan Feb and April Where we do not have an issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be provided at the same price ORDER FORM BACK ISSUES PHOTOCOPIES INDEXES L Send back issues dated Send photocopies of article title and issue date Send copies of last five years indexes 4 00 for five inc p amp p Overseas 4 75 surface 5 75 airmail LI enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of L_ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Card No Valid From Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail orders O epemag wimborne co uk On line Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Payments must be in sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a
239. ulae used in 555 and simi lar RC based timer circuits come from Over the past couple of months we have looked at the mathematics behind a resistor charging through a capacitor which is more advanced than you might expect for such an apparently simple circuit In fact you need calculus and differential equa tions to describe what is happening The results of performing the calculus are equations for the voltage at given times after the capacitor starts charging and for the time taken to reach a particular voltage These formulae can be applied in many circuit sit uations without the need to go back to cal culus The formulae involve the exponential function or natural logarithms which we looked at in depth last month For reference see the basic RC Equations panel Fig 1 Simple comparator based timer triggered at power up Fig 2 A discharge transistor added to the circuit in Fig 1 allows it to perform its timing operation more than once after power on 56 Last month we started looking at more practical aspects of RC timing We arrived at the circuit shown in Fig 1 This circuit uses a comparator to detect when a charging capacitor reaches a partic ular voltage determined by the potential divider R2 and R3 This circuit represents a portion of the 555 and we will develop it from this point to the full 555 block diagram by adding extra functionality First though a quick word on timing formulae Timing Formu
240. unity more widely known we are pleased to do so Contact the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust 15 Queen s Gate Terrace London SW7 SPR Tel 020 7584 9315 Fax 020 7581 0410 Email office Q wcmt org uk Web www wcmt org uk MAPLIN S LATEST Price Crash is the heading on Maplin s latest info received a multipage leaflet advising people of the bargain reductions Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 they have on a number of product ranges including computing and various acces sories we all need from time to time bat teries torches shredders fan heaters etc There are valuable money off vouchers in this latest edition Maplin invite you to visit one of their 100 stores nationwide or log on to www maplin co uk EOCS We have received the latest issue of the Electronic Organ Magazine from the EOCS the Electronic Organ Constructors Society worth joining if you re into such interests A lovely photo in the current issue No 98 of a harmonium at the Saltire Museum having a notice saying that it has 53 intervals and 84 keys to each octave to make playing easier Musicians amongst you will appreciate the humour The EOCS can be contacted via Don Bray 34 Etherton Way Seaford Sussex BN25 3QB also via editor eocs org uk New Gadgets Website All The Best Gadgets have opened a new website in reponse to an increasing desire for gadgetry With a wide range of appli ances ranging from plas
241. ur project directory are User while files outside your project directory such as a linker file for example are System All that happens when you do this is that references to user files are stored with a path name rela tive to your directory e g utils file c whereas system files would be stored with the full path name e g C myproject utils file c This will seem a strange require ment until you start moving your project directory around your hard disk System files will always be in the directory in which they were installed but you want to be free to move your project directory to another directory without having to re specify all your file paths It s not uncommon to have many tens of source files in a project so this is a useful feature The reason why there is a sec tion for source files and another for header files is to do with the way in which the C compiler builds your program First the C compiler only compiles files in the source files list I however a source file has not changed since the last time the project was built that file will not need to be re built When you have many source files in a project this can save a lot of time Header files are not compiled by the C compiler but it will look though the list of files in the Header Files section to see if any of them have changed If they have the compiler will re com pile any source file that uses those header files If a
242. ur Hi Fi amplifier most modern amps don t E pe include a phono input any more Dust off the old This kit attacks a common cause of failure in wet Galactic Voice Kit Li E LP collection or use it to record your LPs on to lead acid cell batteries sulphation The circuit CD The design is suitable for 12 LPs and also produces short bursts of high level energy to Be the envy of everyone at the allows for RIAA equalisation of all the really old reverse the damaging sulphation effect This new next Interplanetary 78s Please note that the input sensitivity of this improved unit features a battery health checker Conference for Evil Beings design means it s only suitable for with LED indicator new circuit protection against with this galactic voice moving magnet not moving coil badly sulphated batteries test points for a DMM simulator kit Effect and cartridges Kit includes PCB with and connection for a battery depth controls allow you to overlay and all electronic charger Kit includes case vary the effect to simulate components am r with screen printed lid everything from the Requires 12VAC am Y L PCB with overlay all E metallically challenged power M Be electronic components DX C 3PO to the hysterical ranting of Daleks and clear English fix eoa hell bent on exterminating anything not nailed instructions EET P down The kit includes PCB with overlay Suitable for 6 12 and dedu f enclosure speaker
243. urce Locking Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz 325 EIP 331 Autohet Microwave Counter 825MHz 18GHz HP 5386A Counter 10Hz 3GHz FEEDBACK SC230 Counter 1 3GHz RACAL 9916 Counter 10Hz 520MHz RACAL 9906 Universal Counter 200MHz RACAL 9904 Counter Timer 50MHz RACAL 1991 Counter Timer 160MHz 9 digit MARCONI 2431A Frequency Meter 200MHz MARCONI 2437 Counter Timer 100MHz HP 5340A Automet Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz LEADER LDC9043 Digital Counter 100MHz DIGITAL MULTIMETERS ETC SOLARTRON 7150 61 digit True RMS IEEE SOLARTRON 7150Plus As Above Temp Measurement 100 DATRON 1065 5 digit Autocal AC DC Resistance IEEE 95 FLUKE 77 3 digit Handheld FLUKE 77 Series 2 31 digit Handheld FLUKE 8060A 4 digit True RMS Handheld BECKMAN HD110 3 digit Handheld in Carry Case TTI 1905A 5 digit Bench SOLARTRON 7045 41 digit Bench AVO DA116 3 digit with Batteries amp Leads AVO 8 Mk6 in Ever Ready Case with Leads etc AVO 8 Mk5 with Leads etc RACAL 9301A True RMS RF Millivoltmeter RACAL 9300 True RMS Millivoltmeter 5Hz 20MHz usable to 60MHz RACAL 9300B as 9300 GOODWILL GVT427 Dual Chan AC Millivoltmeter 10mV in 12 ranges 10Hz 1MHz Unused KENWOOD VT176 Dual Chan Millivoltmeter FARNELL XA35 2T 0 35V 0 2A Twice Digital FARNELL LT30 2 0 30V 0 2A Twice FARNELL B30 20 30V 20A Variable No Meters FARNELL B30 10 30V 10A Variable No Meters FARNELL LT30 1 0 30V 0 1A Twice FARNELL L30 2 0 30V 0 2A FARNELL L30 1 0 30V
244. y Display Electronics prides itself on offering a massive range of electronic and associated electro mechanical equipment and parts to the Hobbyist Educational and Industrial user Many current and obsolete hard to get parts are available from our vast stocks which include 6 000 000 Semiconductors 5 000 Power Supplies 25 000 Electric Motors 10 000 Connectors 100 000 Relays amp Contactors 2000 Rack Cabinets amp Accessories 4000 Items of Test Equipment 5000 Hard Disk Drives Display Electronics 29 35 Osborne Road Thornton Heath Surrey UK CR7 8PD Telephone 44 020 8653 3333 Fax 44 020 8653 8888 Rechargeable Batteries With Solder Tags NIMH NICAD AA 2000mAh PP3 150mAh Instrument case with edge connector and screw terminals Size 112mm x 52mm x 105mm tall This box consists of a cream base with a PCB slot a cover plate to pro tect your circuit a black lid with a 12 way edge connector and 12 screw terminals built in 8mm pitch and 2 screws to hold the lid on The cream bases have minor marks from dust and handling price 2 00 VAT 2 35 for a sample or 44 00 VAT 51 70 for a box of 44 Lic 866 battery pack originally intended to be used with an orbitel mobile telephone it contains 10 1 6Ah sub C batteries 42 x 22 dia the size usually used in cordless screwdrivers etc the pack is new and unused and can be broken open quite 7 easily 7 46 VAT 8 77 et Please add
245. y increases the score counter Pressingthe key will reveal the last entry again and enable a new 4 digit number to be entered The entered digits scroll across the display from right to left as they would if they had been entered on a calculator Note that a guess is only accepted by the unit when the button is pressed so that keys pressed incorrectly may be overwritten and the entry made only when the player is satisfied with the new 4 digit number chosen Eventually after a number of unsuc cessful guesses the correct number will be entered and this time when the button is pressed a display in the form XX will be shown again the signifying a blank digit and the XX the number of entries made Since the idea of the game is to make this score as low as possible a 2 digit score display i e 99 attempts should be more than enough for even the most illogical thinker Circuit description The circuit shown in Fig 1 consists of the PIC IC1 plus the 4 digit LED display X1 and a 12 way keypad S2 together with the usual LED current limiting and pull up resistors R1 to R8 and R14 to R16 respectively The PIC s clock frequency is not critical and so a simple resistor capacitor option has been chosen R13 C1 The limited number of PIC I O input output lines means that both the display and the keypad have been multiplexed Multiplexing is a widely used technique and operates as far as the display is c
246. y turned off When the PC is turned on 5V appears at pin 1 of CON1 and this switches on transistor Q1 via a 22kQ base resistor Q1 then switches on Q2 which becomes a very low resistance about 0 10 Everyday Practical Electronics December 2006 This feeds the unregulated DC voltage across the 1000uF capacitor through to REG1 a 7805 5V regulator which now provides 5V to pin 1 of CON2 and your peripheral device LED1 is used to provide power on indication LED1 is fed via the 8200 series resistor from the switched DC at the input to REGI so it s only il luminated when the Injector s power is switched on by Q2 The 10uF and 100nF capacitors are included to ensure stable operation of REG1 while diode D5 is to protect it from reverse voltage damage when the power is turned off Although REG1 has very little heat sinking it should be able to power virtually any USB powered peripheral which draws no more than the maxi mum drain of 500mA Construction All the components used in the USB Power Injector apart from the plugpack are mounted directly on a small PC board This measures 76 x 46mm and is available from the EPE PCB Service code 597 The artwork Fig 3 for the PC board has rounded cutouts in each corner allowing it to fit snugly in the small 11 N C DC IN SUINI Dar Fig 2 follow this component overlay to assemble the PC board Don t get Q2 and REG1 mixed up they look the same pla
247. ylight BrainiBorg comes with PC software CD WIN95 amp XP with illustrated con struction details and can be programmed to walk and respond to light and obstacles on any smooth surface Kit includes all hardware components amp 3 motor gearboxes Uses 4 AA batteries not supplied KIT 912 29 99 KIT 913 38 95 Kit with CD Rom amp Serial Lead As 912 but Built amp Tested Circuit board As in EPE Apr May Jun 03 and on PIC Resources CD e Magenta Designed Toolkit 3 board with printed com ponent layout green solder mask places for 8 18 28 wide and slim and 40 pin PICs and many Magenta extras Also runs with WinPic800 prog Software e 16 x 2 LCD PIC chip all parts and sockets included e Follow John Becker s excellent PIC tutorial 2 series KIT 880 34 99 C55 KIT 880 39 99 Shin 7 OR Built amp Tested 49 99 amp 55 99 EPE TEACH IN 2004 COMPLETE 12 PART Additional Parts as SERIES FROM NOVO03 listed in misc Sec All parts to follow this tion less RF modules Educational Electronics Lock and Motor g box Course Inc Bread KIT921 12 99 board and wire as listed on p752 Nov 03 Reprints 1 00 per part KIT920 29 99 BAT DETECTORS Magenta s Super Heterodyne Bat detectors Our best selling kit 861 now includes a drilled case and front panel label The Mkllb and digital MkIII are supplied built amp ready to go KIT 861 37 99 f

EPE-Online December 2006, Vol. 35, No. 12

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