5DX PLUNGER PUMP SERVICE MANUAL
Contents
1. 2 First remove the Seal Retainers from each Plunger Rod 3 Using an M10 hex tool loosen the Plunger Retainer Stud from the Plunger Rod 4 Next remove the Ceramic Plunger Sealing Gasket and Barrier Slinger from the Plunger Retainer Stud Fig K NOTE Refer to Tech Bulletin 071 old 4HP Plunger Rod Change for additional information on Ceramic Plungers Reassembly 1 Visually inspect the Crankcase Oil Seal for deterioration or leaks and contact the factory for assistance with replacement This Oil Seal seldom needs replacement If frequent deteriora tion is observed shorten the time between servicing the seals DO NOT RUN THE PUMP WITH WORN SEALS 2 Examine the Sealing Gasket and replace if cut or worn Then install the new Sealing Gasket onto the Plunger Retainer Stud 3 Examine the Ceramic Plungers for scoring or cracks and replace if worn or damaged NOTE The Ceramic Plunger can be installed in either direction Slide the Ceramic Plunger onto the Plunger Retainer Stud 4 Then examine the Barrier Slinger for cuts or wear and replace as needed Install the Barrier Slinger onto the Ceramic Plunger and press to the back of the plunger 5 Apply Loctite 242 to the exposed threads and thread the Plunger Retainer Stud with Ceramic Plunger into the Plunger Rod Torque per chart 6 Install the Seal Retainers onto the exposed Ceramic Plungers with the holes to the top and bottom and forward Fig L and press into the Crank2. Frequent or premature failure of seals and Excessive heat from prolonged by pass Abrasive in fluid Install Thermo Valve Replace seals with kit Install inlet filter packings e Scored plungers e Replace plungers Review fluid specifications e Excessive inlet pressure e Install pressure reducing valve e Running pump dry e Check inlet fluid supply line for adequate size Clean filters e Oil leak between e Worn crankcase oil seals e Check and replace crankcase oil seals when doing seal servicing crankcase and pumping section Worn crankshaft oil seal Bad bearing Oil leaking around crankshaft Replace damaged oil seals Replace bearing Excessive play in the end of the crankshaft Worn bearing Replace bearing e Water in crankcase Humid air condensing into water inside Change oil every 3 months or 500 hour intervals using special of the crankcase CAT PUMP Premium Grade Oil case PN 6100 or bottle PN 6107 other approved oil every month or 300 hours e Continued operation with worn seals and packings Initiate more frequent service cycle Change oil e Crankcase oil seals leaking or seals installed Replace seals Follow proper installation procedure Contact backward Cat Pumps supplier for crankcase servicing e Loud knocking noise e Worn bearing connecting rod or crankshaft from pump e Stressful inlet conditions Consult Cat Pumps supplier for crankcase servicing Increase line size use flexible hose to pump inlet
3. Severe cavitation inadequate water supply Check line size use reinforced flexible hose at pump inlet and stressful inlet conditions eliminate elbows Increase line size Clean filter Check water temperature Install Thermo Valve in by pass Clean inlet and discharge valves and replace with kit as needed Replace hose Check connections Inlet filter clogged or improperly sized Fouled or dirty inlet or discharge valves Leaky discharge hose e Pulsation pump runs Restricted inlet or air entering inlet plumbing Clean filters as needed Check fittings and use PTFE liquid or extremely rough tape for airtight connection Check line size and flow to pump pressure low Stuck inlet or discharge valve Clean or replace Valve Kit Check supply tank for contamination Worn Hi Pressure Seals Repace with Seal Kit Initiate more frequent service cycle Foreign particles in the inlet or discharge valve Check for smooth surfaces on inlet and discharge valve seats Replace with kit Check supply tank for contamination Install and regularly clean filter Do not pump abrasive fluids Worn or pitted inlet and or discharge valves Water leakage from Worn V Packings and Lo Pressure Seals Replace with Seal Kit check inlet pressure and temperature under the manifold Use Thermo Valve in by pass line inlet regulator in inlet line Slight leakage Worn adapter Examine adapter when servicing Seals and replace as needed Initiate more frequent service cycle
4. volume bypass e Pressure feed high temperature fluids e Properly ventilate cabinets and rooms Air Leaks in Plumbing eCheck all connections e Use Teflon tape Agitation in Supply e Size tank according to pump output Tank Minimum 6 10 times system GPM e Baffle tank to purge air from fluid and separate inlet from discharge e Verify viscosity against pump specifications before operation e Elevate fluid temperature enough to reduce viscosity e Lower RPM of pump e Pressure feed pump e Increase inlet line size e Perform regular maintenance or use clean filters to monitor build up e Use adequate mesh size for fluid and pump specifications High Viscosity Fluids Clogged Filters DIAGNOSIS AND MAINTENANCE PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION e Low Pressure e Worn nozzle e Replace nozzle of proper size e Air leak in inlet plumbing e Use PTFE liquid or tape on all connections e Pressure gauge inoperative or not e Check pressure with new gauge and replace as needed registering accurately e Relief valve stuck partially plugged or improperly e Clean and reset relief valve to system pressure and adjusted correct by pass Service valve on seal replacement schedule Worn seat or valves Replace with valve kit Use covered reservoir Do not pump abrasive fluids Initiate a more frequent service cycle Check supply tank for contamination Worn seals Abrasives in pumped fluid Replace with Seal Kit Install and maintain proper filter
5. 8 550 200 88 37 52 210 107 RESISTANCE OF VALVES AND FITTINGS Nominal Equivalent Length of Standard Pipe in Feet Pipe Inside 180 Tee Tee Size Diameter Gate Globe Angle 45 90 Close Thru Thru Inches Inches Valve Valve Valve Elbow Elbow Ret Run Branch 1 2 f 3 33 3 4 4 41 1 5 62 1 4 7 40 1 2 8 63 2 067 1 35 61 5 30 8 2 59 5 55 12 30 3 08 11 60 2 469 1 62 73 5 36 8 3 09 6 61 14 70 3 68 13 20 3 068 2 01 91 5 45 8 3 84 8 23 18 20 4 57 16 40 4 026 2 64 120 01 60 0 5 03 I 10 80 23 90 6 00 21 60 Arriving at a total line pressure loss consideration should then be given to pressure loss created by valves fittings and elevation of lines If a sufficient number of valves and fittings are incorporated in the system to materially affect the total line loss add to the total line length the equivalent length of line of each valve or fitting TYPICAL RESERVOIR TANK RECOMMENDED 6 TO 10 TIMES SYSTEM CAPACITY Supply Line Bypass Line from regulator or unloader Level Sensing Dia Of pipe Device Flexible Hose to Pump Y fo YB Fud o vo Bypass Line b Level from regulator or FILTER gt p Qe Sy be a oie oe A ow ler a Be ee og No EO unloader 2 8 ee Za A Y ies ce Minimum Two Baffles MIN 4 Sealed at Bottom Handy Formulas to Help You Q How can I find the RPM needed to get specific GPM Gallons Per Min
6. install properly sized baffled supply tank e Frequent or premature Scored plungers failure of the packings Over pressure to inlet manifold Replace plungers Reduce inlet pressure per specifications e Abrasive material in the fluid being pumped Install proper filtration at pump inlet e Excessive pressure and or temperature of fluid Check pressure and inlet fluid temperature Be sure they are being pumped within specified range Install Thermo Valve in by pass line e Running pump dry DO NOT RUN PUMP WITHOUT WATER PN 30004 Rev B 6 99
7. unloader at each seal servicing and check all system accessories and connections before resuming operation TORQUE CHART Pump Item Thread Tool Size Torque Part No in lbs ft llbs Nm M10 Hex 55 44 6 25082 Plunger Retainer M6 Flow Thru Screws Inlet 1 2 Hex Discharge 3 8 Hex Manifold Head Bolts M8 M6 Allen 30941 M22 M24 Hex 44046 M10 Hex 50 40 6 25082 M13 Hex 25324 M28 Oil Gauge Tool 45 36 5 44050 360 30 40 360 30 40 115 9 4 13 Valve Plugs 870 72 3 100 Crankcase Cover Screws M6 Bearing Cover Screws M8 115 9 4 13 Bubble Oil Gauge TECHNICAL BULLETIN REFERENCE CHART No Subject Models 024 Lubrication of Lo Pressure Seals All Models 036 Cylinder and Plunger Reference Chart All Models 043 Plunger Pump LPS and HPS Servicing All Plunger Models 5FR 7FR 15FR 35FR 60FR 053 Liquid Gasket 055 Removing Pumps from Gas or Electric Motor 2SF 2SFX 2X 4SF 4HP 5DX 060 Baffle Assembly 8100 071 4HP Plunger Rod Change 4HP 074 Piston and Plunger Pump Torque Chart All Models INLET CONDITION CHECK LIST Review Before Start Up Inadequate inlet conditions can cause serious malfunctions in the best designed pump Surprisingly the simplest of things can cause the most severe problems or go unnoticed to the unfamiliar or untrained eye REVIEW THIS CHECK LIST BEFORE OPERATION OF ANY SYSTEM Remember no two systems are alike so there can be no ONE best way to set up a system All facto
8. volume and maximum pressure at the pump Consult the manufacturer of gas or diesel engine for selection of the proper engine MOUNT THE PUMP All 5DX models are direct drive and do not need to be mounted to another surface To minimize piping stress use appropri ate flexible hose to inlet and discharge ports Before mounting pump to gas engine apply PN 6106 antiseize lubricant to pump shaft Refer to Technical Bulletin 055 for instructions on removing pump from gas engine LOCATION If the pump is used in extremely dirty or humid conditions it is recommended pump be enclosed Do not store or operate in excessively high temperature areas or without proper ventilation INLET CONDITIONS Refer to complete Inlet Condition Check List in this manual before starting system DO NOT STARVE THE PUMP OR RUN DRY DISCHARGE PLUMBING OPEN ALL VALVES BEFORE STARTING SYSTEM to avoid deadhead overpressure condition and severe damage to the pump or system A reliable Pressure Gauge should be installed near the discharge outlet of the high pressure manifold This is extremely important for adjusting pressure regulating devices and also for proper sizing of the nozzle or restricting orifice The pump is rated for a maximum pressure this is the pressure which would be read at the discharge manifold of the pump NOT AT THE GUN OR NOZZLE All 5DX models come complete with a modular Pressure Regulating Unloader with built in by pass A Pressure Regulator o
9. 5DX PLUNGER PUMP SERVICE MANUAL NAF PLUNGER PUMP MODELS 5DX30G1 5DX35G1 5DX40G1 5DX50G1 CAUTION CAT PUMPS are positive displacement pumps Therefore a properly designed pressure RELIEF OR SAFETY VALVE MUST BE INSTALLED in the discharge piping Failure to install such a relief mechanism could result in personal injury or damage to the pump or system CAT PUMPS does not assume any liability or responsibility for the operation of a customer s high pressure system INSTALLATION AND START UP INFORMATION Optimum performance of the pump is dependent upon the entire fluid system and will be obtained only with the proper selection installation of plumbing and operation of the pump and accessories SPECIFICATIONS Maximum specifications refer to individual attributes It is not implied that all maximums can be performed simultaneously If more than one maximum is considered check with your CAT PUMPS supplier to confirm the proper performance and pump selection LUBRICATION Fill crankcase with special CAT PUMP Hydraulic oil per pump specifications DO NOT RUN PUMP WITHOUT OIL IN CRANKCASE Change initial fill after 50 hours running period Thereafter change oil every 3 months or 500 hour intervals DRIVE SELECTION The pump shaft size is a 1 gas shaft The engine driving the pump must be of adequate horsepower to maintain full RPM when the pump is under load Select the horsepower requirement according to required pump discharge
10. case Fig M 7 Proceed with SERVICING THE SEALS AND V PACKINGS or remount the Manifold Head SERVICING THE SEALS AND V PACKINGS Disassembly 1 Remove the Manifold Head as described in SERVICING THE PUMPING SECTION NOTE The Seal Case may stay in the manifold or on the ceramic plunger 2 With the crankcase side of the Manifold Head up use a reverse pliers to remove the Lo Pressure Seal from the Seal Case Fig N 3 Next using the reverse pliers remove the Seal Case from the manifold chamber Fig O NOTE Insert the pliers into the sec ond lip to avoid damage to the Seal Case 4 Next remove the O ring from the outer groove on the Seal Case Carefully insert a small screw driver under the O ring and roll the O ring off the Seal Case Fig P 5 The V Packings and Male Adapter can be easily removed from the manifold chamber by hand or with a reverse pliers Fig Q Reassembly 1 Examine the manifold chamber walls for any scale build up or damage Then lubricate the chamber walls 2 Insert the Male Adapter with notches down and the V side up and by hand press completely into the manifold chamber 3 Lubricate the V Packings and install by hand into the manifold chamber with the grooved side down Fig R 4 Lubricate the new Seal Case O ring before installing and insert the Seal Case into the manifold chamber 5 Examine the Lo Pressure Seals for wear or broken spring and replace as needed 6 Install th
11. e Lo Pressure Seal into the Seal Case with the garter spring down 7 Next install the Seal Retainer over the Ceramic Plungers with the holes to the top and bottom and forward 8 Replace the Manifold Head onto the drive end as described under SERVICING THE PUMPING SECTION and torque per chart SERVICING THE CRANKCASE SECTION 1 While manifold plungers and seal retainers are removed examine crankcase seals for wear 2 Check oil level and for evidence of water in oil 3 Rotate crankshaft by hand to feel for smooth bearing movement 4 Examine crankshaft oil seal externally for drying cracking or leaking 5 Consult factory or your local distributor if crankcase service is evidenced PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE CHECK LIST Check Daily Weekly 50 hrs 500 hrs 1500 hrs 3000 hrs Clean Fitters x ooo o Oil Leve Quatity x Too o Oilleaks x TP Water Leaks x Tooo o Belts Pulley x To To Plumbing x Initial Oil Change x ooo o o OilChange Seal Change Valve Change Accessories a If other than CAT PUMPS special multi viscosity ISO68 oil is used change cycle should be every 300 hours Each system s maintenance cycle will be exclusive If system performance decreases check immediately If no wear at 1500 hours check again at 2000 hours and each 500 hours until wear is observed Valves typically every other seal change Remember to service the regulator
12. e assembly is completely seated in the valve chamber 9 Apply Loctite 242 to the threads of the Valve Plugs thread into the manifold port and torque per chart SERVICING THE PUMPING SECTION 1 Using an M6 Allen Tool remove the eight socket head bolts from the face of the manifold head Fig F 2 Insert a flat head screwdriver between the crankcase and man ifold head and gently apply light pressure to the head to assist in separation Fig G 3 Then supporting the manifold from the underside work the manifold head from the plungers Fig H CAUTION Keep the manifold head properly aligned with the ceramic plungers when removing to avoid damage to either the plungers or seals 4 Examine the Ceramic Plungers for cracks or scoring and refer to SERVICING THE PLUNGERS if replacement is needed Reassembly 1 Generally the Ceramic Plungers do not need to be replaced They can be cleaned with a non abrasive cleaner to remove any foreign build up 2 Turn the shaft by hand to line up the plungers so the end plungers are parallel 3 Lightly lubricate the plungers and carefully slide the Manifold Head onto the Ceramic Plungers supporting it from the under side to avoid damage to the plungers or seals Press the Manifold Head into the Crankcase until flush 4 Replace the eight Hex Socket Head Bolts and torque per chart SERVICING THE PLUNGERS Disassembly 1 Remove the Manifold Head as described in SERVICING THE PUMPING SECTION
13. emove the unloader before servicing Fig A 3 Using an M22 hex tool remove the top discharge and bottom inlet Valve Plugs Fig B 4 Examine the O ring under the plug for cuts or distortion and replace if worn Lubricate the new O rings before installing Fig C 5 Using a pliers grasp the Spring Retainer by the tab at the top and remove from the valve chamber Fig D Usually the valve assembly will remain together while being removed To separate the valve assembly insert a screw driver into the side of the Retainer and press on the back side of the Valve to begin the separation then between the Retainer and Valve Seat to separate completely If the Valve assembly separates during removal remove the Spring and Valve with a needle nose pliers Then with a reverse pliers remove the Valve Seat from the valve chamber 6 Next remove the Valve Seat O ring which usually stays at the bottom of the valve chamber Exercise caution to avoid damage to the valve chamber walls 7 Examine all valve parts for pitting gouges or general wear and replace with preassembled Valve Assembly in the service kit which contains Spring Retainers Springs Valves Valve Seats and O rings Fig E NOTE Inlet and Discharge Valve Assemblies are interchangeable Two Valve Kits are needed for a complete valve change 8 With a pliers grasp the new Valve Assembly by the tab at the top immerse in oil and push into the valve chamber Be certain the valv
14. g Unloader This Regulating Unloader has a built in by pass channel which routes fluid back to the inlet during the by pass mode No additional plumbing is required LI It is critical that a Thermo Valve be installed to protect the pump during prolonged by pass The Thermo Valve may be installed on the opposite side of the Manifold Head or by replacing the Flow Thru Screw with the Flow Thru Direct Mount Thermo Valve PN 33920 HOSE FRICTION LOSS PRESSURE DROP IN PSI PER 100 FT OF HOSE 7 WITH TYPICAL WATER FLOW RATES Water Hose Inside Diameters Inches cain 1a sne 38 12 sel oa m 16 5 2 54 20 180 60 380 120 220 320 410 600 370 At a fixed flow rate with a given size hose the pressure drop across a given hose length will be directly proportional A 50 ft hose will exhibit one half the pressure drop of a 100 ft hose Above values shown are valid at all pressure levels WATER LINE PRESSURE LOSS PRESSURE DROP IN PSI PER 100 FEET Water Steel Pipe Nominal Dia Brass Pipe Nominal Dia Copper Tubing O D Type L GPM 1 4 3 8 1 2 3 4 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 3 8 1 2 3 4 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 3 8 1 2 5 8 3 4 7 8 8 5 1 9 6 0 1 6 30 7 0 2 1 20 5 6 1 8 60 14 4 5 1 1 40 11 3 6 120 13 2 9 1 0 400 45 10 3 4 1 3 94 20 6 7 2 6 150 36 12 2 8 330 86 28 6 7 1 9 520 130 43 10 3 0 100 28 9 0 230 50 17 6 1 220 62 21 500 120 40 15 320 90 30 180 56 22 270 90 21 6 2 1 6 190 62 120 44 20 670 240 56 16 4 2 2 470 150 330 110 50 66 17
15. h between operations or before storing For pumping fluids other than water contact your CAT PUMPS supplier STORING For extended storing or between use in cold climates drain all pumped fluids from pump and flush with antifreeze solution to prevent freezing and damage to the pump DO NOT RUN PUMP WITH FROZEN FLUID Products described hereon are covered by one or more of the following U S patents 3558244 3652188 3809508 3920356 3930756 and 5035580 World Headquarters CAT PUMPS 1681 94th Lane N E Minneapolis MN 55449 4324 Phone 612 780 5440 FAX 612 780 2958 e mail sales catpumps com www catpumps com International Inquiries FAX 612 785 4329 e mail intisales catpumps com nA FF The Pump with Nine Lives CAT PUMPS U K LTD 1 Fleet Business Park Sandy Lane Church Crookham Fleet Hampshire GU13 OBF England Phone Fleet 44 1252 622031 Fax 44 1252 626655 N V CAT PUMPS INTERNATIONAL S A Heiveldekens 6A 2550 Kontich Belgium Phone 32 3 450 71 50 Fax 32 3 450 71 51 e mail cpi catpumps be www catpumps be CAT PUMPS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Buchwiese 2 D 65510 Idstein Germany Phone 49 6126 93030 Fax 49 6126 930333 e mail catpumps t online de www catpumps de SERVICING THE VALVES 1 Check oil for proper level presence of water or discoloration and replace as needed 2 Disconnect all plumbing and use an M24 Wrench on the top unloader screw and an M27 on the bottom unloader screw to r
16. positive sealing pipe joints INLET PRESSURE should fall within the specifications of the pump Ll Acceleration loss of fluids may be increased by high RPM high temperatures low vapor pressures or high viscosity and may require a pressurized inlet to maintain adequate inlet supply L Optimum pump performance is obtained with 20 PSI 1 4 BAR inlet pressure With adequate inlet plumbing most pumps will perform with flooded suction Maximum inlet pressure is 75 PSI 4 BAR Ll After prolonged storage pump should be purged of air to facilitate priming Disconnect any discharge port and allow fluid to pass through pump INLET ACCESSORIES are designed to protect against over pressuriza tion control inlet flow contamination or temperature and provide ease of servicing LI A shut off valve is recommended to facilitate maintenance L1 A stand pipe can be used in some applications to help maintain a positive head in the inlet line LI Inspect and clean inlet filters on a regular schedule Ll A pressure gauge is recommended to monitor the inlet pressure and should be mounted AS CLOSE TO THE PUMP INLET as possible Short term intermittent cavitation will not register on a standard gauge Ll All accessories should be sized to avoid restricting the inlet flow LI All accessories should be compatible with the solution being pumped to prevent premature failure or malfunction BY PASS TO INLET 1 The standard 5DX pump comes with a Regulatin
17. r Unloader Valve must be installed on the pump to prevent over pressurizing the pump in the event the discharge or downstream plumbing becomes plugged or is turned off Severe damage to the pump will result if this condition occurs without a relief valve in the line CAUTION Failure to install such a safety valve will void the warranty on the pump Discharge regulating devices should be at minimum pressure setting at start up On systems over 2000 PSI SECONDARY PROTECTION is recommended by installing a pop off valve safety valve or rupture disc START SYSTEM WITH ALL VALVES OPEN OR IN THE LOW PRESSURE SETTING When the high pressure system is left running with the trigger off the by pass fluid can be routed to drain or to the pump inlet If routed to the pump inlet the by pass fluid can quickly develop excessive heat and result in damage to the pump A THERMO VALVE installed in the by pass line is recommended to protect the pump An AUTO SHUT OFF ASSEMBLY may also be used Use PTFE liquid sparingly or tape to connect accessories or plumbing Exercise caution not to wrap tape beyond the last thread to avoid tape from becoming lodged in the pump or accessories This condition will cause a malfunction of the pump or system NOZZLES A worn nozzle will result in loss of pressure Do not adjust pressure regulating device to compensate Replace nozzle and reset regulating device to system pressure PUMPED FLUIDS Some fluids may require a flus
18. rs must be carefully considered INLET SUPPLY should be adequate to accommodate the maximum flow being delivered by the pump T Open inlet shut off valve and turn on water supply to avoid starving the pump DO NOT RUN PUMP DRY 11 Avoid closed loop systems especially with high temperature ultra high pressure or large volumes Conditions vary with regulating unloader valve LI Higher temperature fluids tend to vaporize and require positive heads T When using an inlet supply reservoir size it to provide adequate fluid to accommodate the maximum output of the pump generally a minimum of 6 10 times the GPM however a combination of system factors can change this requirement provide adequate baffling in the tank to eliminate air bubbles and turbulence install diffusers on all return lines to the tank INLET LINE SIZE should be adequate to avoid starving the pump LI Line size must be a minimum of one size larger than the pump inlet fitting Avoid thick walled fittings tees 90 degree elbows or valves in the inlet line of the pump to reduce the risk of flow restriction and cavitation Ll The line MUST be a FLEXIBLE hose NOT a rigid pipe and reinforced on SUCTION systems to avoid collapsing Q The simpler the inlet plumbing the less the potential for problems Keep the length to a minimum the number of elbows and joints to a minimum ideally no elbows and the inlet accessories to a minimum T Use pipe sealant to assure air tight
19. ute want A Desired RPM Desired GPM x Rated RPM Rated GPM Q I have to run my pump at a certain RPM How do figure the GPM FII get A Desired GPM Desired RPM x Rated GPM Rated RPM Q Is there a simple way to find the approximate horsepower lIl need to run the pump A Electric Brake _ GPM x PSI Horsepower Required 1460 Standard 85 Mech Efficiency Q What size motor pulley should use Pump RPM Consult Motor Engine RPM Engine Mfr Q How do calculate the torque for my hydraulic drive system A Pump Pulley Outer Diameter x A Torque ft Ibs 3 6 GPM x PSI RPM Avoid Cavitation Damage Ey One or several of the conditions shown in the chart below may contribute to cavitation in a system resulting in premature wear system downtime and unnecessary operating costs CONDITION SOLUTION Inadequate inlet e Increase line size to the inlet port or one size line size larger e Install C A T Tube e Move pump closer to fluid supply Water hammering fluid acceleration deacceleration Rigid Inlet Plumbing e Use flexible wire reinforced hose to absorb pulsation and pressure spikes Excessive Elbows in e Keep elbows to a minimum and less than 90 Inlet Plumbing Excessive Fluid Temperature e Use Thermo Valve in bypass line e Do not exceed pump temperature specifications e Substitute closed loop with baffled holding tank e Adequately size tank for frequent or high
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