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Washington Apple Pi Journal, September 1984

1. H H 5 DISKETTES amp STORAGE FLOPPY DISK DRIVES GAME 1 0 DEVICES t DOUBLE NOTCHED DS DD FOURTH DIMENSION DISK TWIN PORT GAME VO t amp DISKETTES EACH 1 65 DRIVE 199 00 EXTENDER 29 00 7 DOUBLE NOTCHED DS DD MITAC DISK DRIVE 189 00 SINGLE PORT GAME IO DISKETTES 100 155 00 DISTAR SLIMLINE DISK EXTENDER 18 00 4 amp HARD PLASTIC STAND UP DRIVE 179 00 TG GAME PADDLES 31 00 x 10 DISKETTE LIBRARY 2 75 EACH LASER SLIMLINE DISK ADAM amp EVE GAME CASES 4 FOR 10 00 DRIVE e ois 174 00 PADDLES sooo 79 8 Dirr bege black Due geen STANDARD DISK CONTROLLER d e EE WW wt SMOKED PLASTIC JUMBO SIZE Jane Dike EE om 37 00 PUE CASES DISKETTE ii CONTROLLER 59 00 HAYES MACH III D SE 90 DOUBLE SIDED DISK JOYSTICK 45 00 FILE CASES wm DRIVE 879 00 SLOT EXPANSION t se PA s SMART CONTROLLER FOR 16K RAM CARD 49 00 PRINTERS DOUBLE SIDED DRIVES 79 00 MEMORY MASTER IIE 64K RAM GEMINI 10 X DOT MATRIX amp 80 COLUMN CARD 145 00 PRINTER 279 00 D WITH MEMORY MASTER IIE 128K RAM GEMINI 15 DOT MATRIX CONTROLLER 749 09 amp 80 COLUMN CARD 195 00 PRINTER 0 399 00 MICROTEK II 128K VISICALC AND RADIX 200CPS DOT MATRIX MONITORS MEMORY EXPANSION 219 00 PRINTER 669 00 GORILLA 12 INCH MONITOR CCS 7710 SERIAL QUADJET COLOR INK JET GREEN 94 00 INTERFACE CARD 117 00 PRINTER 595 00 GORILLA 12 INCH MONI
2. New Books Group Purchase Carrying Cases New Software by Ellen L Bouwkamp August Meeting SigMac s first uncrowded meeting began at 9 00 a m with over 90 people spread out over the USUHS auditorium Among the tidbits passed along n the first hour You can buy a 4 by 6 inch plastic file box at a dimestore or drugstore for about 3 00 to serve as a disk holder SigMac disk 4 will be avallable at the next WAP monthly meeting on August 25th Value Line has Just come out with an Investment survey on the computer Industry that rates Apple s future very positively Our formal meeting began with a request by Donald Kornrelch for volunteers to lease their Mac s along with avallable printers and external drives to the Federal Rallroad Administration FRA for the Pan American Railway Congress to be held October 3 to October 9 The FRA wants to use the Mac s to record via Multiplan data about the persons attending the conference Donald also Js Interested tn hiring persons for a 1 1 2 to 5 1 2 day perlod Appropriate compensation will be provided Donald can be reached at h 292 9225 or w 472 5840 The Montgomery County Hotline js automating Its resource file It needs assistance In setting up the new database In the most effective way Volunteers for the Hotilne are not tralned In the use of computers so the system will have to be very user friendly If you are Interested in helping contact Kevin at the off ice Sm
3. Daytime Phone Evening Phone Total Enclosed DISCOUNT APPLE SOFTWARE Our Price Retail esed t velt age coa ENG A The Acecoumtont ees ee ee 89 95 Zork 1 Hor MI iueueuuiuene 39 95 29 50 ASC H Express The Professional 129 95 89 95 ZONK ONG cc OE EE Ee 39 95 2750 Screenwriter U N 129 95 89 95 RT A EE 34 95 25 95 Master Type 39 95 27 95 Kraft Joustick iss sesse sesse seke Re EE Ee ee 49 95 39 95 Bank Street Yriter 69 95 49 95 Exodus Ultima II 54 95 38 95 Word Gier Ree 495 00 289 95 WAZ OGY E 49 95 37 95 Galactio Adventures 99 95 42 95 Wizardry lI Knight of Diamonds 34 95 25 95 Home Accountant 74 95 56 95 Wizardry ill Legacy of Lylgagmn 39 95 29 95 Verbatim 10 disks 5 1 4 42 00 26 95 amp We accept VISA or MasterCard include cord and expiration dote personal checks allow 2 Mail orders to weeks or money orders VA residents add 4 sales tax EES EES No credit card penalty Include 2 00 for shipping P 9 BOX 2944 Al software products on disk Springfield VA 22152 All prices subject to change without notice sterCa Ye carry a large line of discount software Write us for our free catalog Washington Apple P1 September 1984 55 56 WASHINGTON APPLE PI DISKETERIA MAIL ORDER FORM Disks that you want mailed to you PROGRAM DISKETTES 1st 5 1 Ut
4. FLAG MIN SCOMPARE S1 S2 N 0 DO D 2READ2 8 26 JUNBACHP lt IF 2OROP 1 FLAG LEAVE ELSE IF O FLAG LEAVE 24 September 1984 Special FORTH Section 9 ENDIF ENDIF LOOP 20ROP 10 lt S1 S2 F SHORT STRING COMPARE FLAG 8 11 SCR 61 O SORT 26 JUNBACHP 1 gt SWAP lt 2 EXCHANGE PI P2 20UP SWAP 8 ROT SWAP 3 0 VARIABLE MIDDLES 4 SORT Pl P2 20UP 2DUP OVER 4 2 MIODLES 5 EGIN 6 SWAP BEGIN DUP 8 MIDDLE 8 lt WHILE 2 REPEAT 7 SWAP BEGIN DUP MIDDLE 8 gt WHILE 2 REPEAT 8 2DUP gt NOT IF 2DUP EXCHANGE 2 2 D ENDIF 9 2DUP 10 UNTIL SWAP ROT 11 20VER 20VER ROT ROT lt IF 2SWAP ENDIF 12 2DUP lt IF SMUDGE SORT SMUDGE ELSE 2DROP ENDIF 13 2DUP lt IF SMUDGE SORT SMUDGE J ELSE 2DROP ENDIF 14 5 S If a machine language routine Is used to CREATE MACHINE then the first screen is replaced by HEX CODE MACHINE 0 LDY 1 LDA 1B STA 6 Y LDA 8 Y CMP CS IF O LDA 1B STA 8 Y LDA THEN 1A STA BEGIN INY 6 Y LDA 8 Y CMP O NOT IF CS IF O LDA IB STA ELSE 1 4 LDA 18 STA THEN NEXT JMP THEN 1A DEC Os UNTIL NEXT JMP END CODE DECIMAL lt S1 S2 F 8 6 MACHINE 27 C A range of strings can be printed with Pl P2 2 SWAP DO COUNT TYPE 2 LOOP The entirely FORTH program took 27 second to sort my mailing list of
5. For this exercise a SFC database of the format wil be used followIng FIRST NAME LAST NAME STREET CITY STATE ZIP CODE AMOUNT DUE This could be a IIst of club members and amount of dues pald or a customer list depicting the total to date purchases etc It would be helpful if SFC could add the new AMOUNT DUE to the existing AMOUNT DUE or subtract the AMOUNT PAID from the AMOUNT DUE The Important thing Is that SFC with a Vittie modification can be used to do arithmetic operations Let s look at the program I sting for SFC WOW Eleven pages of program Don t be Intimidated by That There are several REM statements to help us find our way through Since we want to change the Input routine to incorporate our new features let s look for a REM statement which locates the INPUT ROUTINES They can be located at lIne s 4720 thru 4800 From these tines It Is readlly apparent that SFC uses string varlables to store all data Also take a close look at IIne 4740 IF COMMA NO THEN INPUT un 1 RETURN If the variable COMMAS Is equal to NO then use the standard Applesoft INPUT routine to accept the data It It Is anything but NO then use the Applesott GET command to bulld a character string In other words It Is posslbie to enter data Including commas Into fields of SFC If the COMMAS variable Is not set to NO This can be done by deleting line 1080 or by changing It to offer a cholce by the user On c
6. What are the expected outcomes What has been the traditional approach to the teaching and acquisition of the task sk l1 How Is the task presented within an Interactive computerised environment How Is Jt similar to the traditional approach 30 September 1984 ON How is It different from the traditional approach Mat cognitive perceptual motor sklils are required of the learner Dr Morar lu quoted the example of a program to teach remedial math that assumed typing Skills of the learner Dr Morariu distinguished clearly between the use of computers In embod Iment and disclosure relationships In the Embodiment relation with the world exper enced through the Instrument the too becomes an extension of Th h human senses and transforms the In the fiesh exper lence 2 In a Disclosure relation events are exper lenced with the tool and the Instruments disclose an event outslde our normal experlence The experience js limited by the character lstlcs of the Instrument In ways that have yet to be fully explored new technologles affect the concepts that are taught As an example the group discussed the various concepts of time suggested by digital and analog watches WIth the above In mind educatlonal software needs to be approached with the questions what ls the concept Is thls the best way to approach It Dr Morariu gave examples of programs that were a lot of fun but not a cos
7. id hd ME MM AA Fa ha 945 19 P9 PPP Selectric is a trademark of IBM ANDERSON JACOBSON 8653 Grovemont Circle Gaithersburg MD We service IBM personal computers and 20877 4191 peripherals at your home or office Attention AJ831 owners If you refer a friend to AJ and he she purchases an AJ831 vou are eligible for 50 in cash or credit from AJ Offer good until November 30 1984
8. lt will place a non zero on the stack otherwise It places a zero IF takes the top number off the stack and If non zero executes what follows It prints the top number on the stack using the FORTH word dot and prints a string using dot quote with a quote at the end of the string if a zero Is found then the code follow ng ELSE s executed The last THEN at the end of the definition marks the end of the IF the test Js true do this ELSE do that THEN continue branch Assuming a non zero we agaln duplicate the original number and push two on the stack The word MOD slash mod now takes the copy and divided Jt by two returning the remainder and divisor In that order SWAP exchanges the top two numbers on the stack so that the remalnder Is on top and we test to see If It Is zero If the remainder was zero then N Is divisible by two so we print N and then the appropriate message otherwlse we continue by pushing three on the stack DO marks the beginning of a loop which wiil repeat a certain sectlon of code bounded by the word LOOP Three will be the Index and N 2 jis the limit DO plucks the top two numbers off the stack leaving only N and puts them on the return stack This Js a separate stack that keeps track of loop Indexes Every time the program reaches LOOP It vill Increment the Index on the return stack by what Is finds on the parameter stack in this case two This process continues un
9. to pin 5 of the encoder chip and the other lead Inserted Into the 5th socket The switch can be mounted In one of the output holes on the back panel For detailed Intormatlon on the modification you are referred to page 16 of the June 1984 Issue A diagram Is shown below switch back panel B Keyboard connector M ENCODER CHIP PIN Dein bi Washington Apple Pi Undocumented Spreadsheet 2 0 Commands by Leon H Raesly L C S W have learned some rather neat CURSOR movement commands on The Spreadsheet 2 0 that are not documented in the manual at least in my origina version As you may know The Spreadsheet 2 0 is written for both the li and the e The up and down arrows work on the e However since the up arrow generates a Control K you can use Control K on the i as well to get an up arrow moving the cursor up one row Thus since the down arrow generates a Control J you can get both the up and down arrow with Control K or Control J on the And this is without reference to the Cursor Movement Indicator CMI which can be either or Thus If you place the CMI as horizontal the left and right arrows go left and right of coursel but the Control K and Control J will move up and down respectively So if you always leave the CMI as and use Control K and Control J for UP and DOWN and the LEFT and Right arrows for LEFT and RIGHT you never will find yourself moving in un
10. A have not heard from Mountain Computer in a long time but believe they are still supplying music boards and thus are probably still In business The latest addresses have for them several years old is 300 Harvey West Blvd Santa Cruz CA 95060 telephone 408 429 8600 The expansion chassis they made make consisted of a box with 8 slots that could be bank switched in place of the Slots in the Apple A separate power Supply was Included for the extra slots A card containing quite a few ICs plugged into one of the Apple slots to connect the chassis to the Apple The price in 1981 was 650 have seen an ad recently for another manufacturer 8 September 1984 H 9 that makes a cable to bring the peripheral bus outside the Apple but I 1l explain why I m skeptical of this in a minute and can t find the ad anyway Douglas Electronics 718 Marina Blvd San Leandro CA 94577 telephone 415 483 8770 makes a set of Apple compatible boards designed to be a stand alone computer It s possible that they may have an interface card designed to connect their motherboard to the Apple The address and data lines from the microprocessor in the Apple go the the peripheral card slots If one is not careful adding extra wiring or chips can easily exceed the ability of the Apple to Properly drive the extra clrcuitry in which case everything comes to a screeching halt Special drivers must be added to boost up the signals
11. Buffered Grapplert 16K to 64K buffer plus graphics 169 CPS Multifunction serial parallel and clock 1 Wizard IPI graphics text dusp page formatting CCS 7711 Super Serial for printers amp aodess Practical Peripherals ProClack ProDos coapatiblel VIDEO amp KEYBOARO Videx Ultratera 160 colusn 48 row display Videotera 80 coluan w softswitch amp inverse Wespercorp Wizard 60 softswitch amp inverse built in ALS Ssartera II 60 columns at a bargain price MicroSci 80 col card w 64K RAM for JCe Keytronic KB 200 low profile detached keyboard MEMORY EXPANSION Wespercorp Wizard 16K RAM card 2 yr warranty Titan Systeas 128K RAM card SOFTWARE WORD PROCESSING Screenliriter II 70 col display spooling more l Super Text Professional Bank Street Writer or Speller pfs Write Jle Pie Writer Word Handler List Handler Spell Handler HoseWord easy to use icon based systeel Perfect Writer ledit view aultiple files in CP M d Incredible Jack word prod data base calc 119 Sensible Speller IV checks ANY lile type 89 The Word Plus super spelling checker for CP M 109 SPREADSHEETS amp FORTUNE TELLERS Multiplan state of the art spreadsheet FlashCalc VisiCale gets a facelift SuperCalc 2 powerful CP M spreadsheet INFORMATION MANAGEMENT dBASE II w ZIP screen generator Quickcode dBASE progras generator The General Manager 20 149 Thinktank electronic thoug
12. Graphics memory LOMEM HIMEM Someone also asked what the best modem to buy was and 5 How to use a Language card with Applesoft what to look out for There was much discussion about this and everyone had thelr own opinions on this D Using DOS from Applesoft subject The maln consensus was that an Internal modem gave you more overall control of the modem but 1 Reading Writing data to disk that because It Is Internal not switchable to another 2 Sequential text files computer The external modems have that advantage 5 Random text files over the Internal modems 4 Why you shouldn t use PRAI sortpare Fron 4075 Tax Bracket 14 Interest rl i E Don t miss out on opportunities to improve your after tax cash position i These packages help you analyze the long tern after tax effect of refinancing microsystems i mortgages hone or investnent and of investing in so called tax shelters Division of ADVAICED i If you own VisiCalc or Lotus 1 2 3 can you afford not to have them TAX DEDUCTIBLE INVESTMENT STRATEGIES Inc EEN ER MORTGAGE SWITCH CALCULATOR tm use with Lotus 1 2 3 or VisiCalc Uashington D C 20002 t d Save thousands Compares true cost of substituting new mortgage for old Apple II or IIe IBi PC or XT 65 00 Includes Audio Cassette Intro Apple Hacintosh REQUIRES MultiPlan 65 00 INVESTMENT TAX ANALYST tm use with VisiCalc Lotus specify which fnalyza tax impact of tax shelters investnents fo
13. JCM Computer Products F 0 Box 537 Germantown Md 20874 18 September 1984 Washington Apple Pi an Gegen ei He dit tevel Options Features Screen earch PLETT seneg m DREES fort gat Dra K rep Sargon ttl EN Checkmste s S N Opentng EAE lectis d Stralegy d ndgame EE BEZ duin De 15 wnx I eni Living Videotext ftatus scar zii ts 1984 Cosedlen s Convent location gt Monderasa Resort Travel Arrangesents Reeenge alr chor Lotsa luck fed Ido Motte DS nc Think Tank 128 is the first Macintosh idea processor It lets you strategize plen end organize in the most natural way possible by entering your thoughts in whatever order they occur to you p then rearranging them later into a comprehensive outline i E Ee 18523 Gm Kb 35264 07 46 bie 8 54 431b b8 lt 6 Communications EGIL Update Prtat Copy Merge Celete Enhance Into h TA ILI n Jor Ford Brock Keystroke Dele Sees BEE ne pen EE e tetenel SES Redesign tgmnet 1 Uninet Aebuttd Close bet taro A test Guit XQ Leni Bose 300 Boua id 1209 85d tetsleved by prebdsteet Usk ftom 9t Wose Phener Office Phones Scolel Securltgti teoplevee Ruaber Stert Sater Dow Jones e Solory Info OOC Stortina Setery The
14. RAK Ware e e es ee ee a n ono c oo 19 Ramada Computer Products e e es 46 Robins Inc ee e e e o ses sesse es 35 Sldney Kramer Books es ee ee e 51 Software City ee eooo 26 System Services CO ee see ee ese ld Tri State Systems ee se ee ee 55 Tyson Corner Center e e see see 33 V F Assoclates ee e ee ee ee ee 49 51 September 1984 52 W AP Crossword Puzzle by Peter Combes LA O d N SP NS KY OND v d KX Ad Cl X 3 5 es e G v D D RS C N PN SI St X Ge Sd D od S og Across le 10 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 31 32 33 35 37 39 4t 43 44 46 48 49 50 5l 53 54 55 57 58 59 60 63 64 Best place for a Jong term program Free ilon CTRL M sends the cursor When 57 down dldn t Light and sound for Education Common In Virginia Budget for a new computer Chest protector New software Is often Allen In reverse 9 down produces them Screenwrlter prints them Computers coupled together Produced by Sarah or Paula Mac lookout Text goes ASCII characters RIGHT PLATO 3 Mac character sot Town near Cupertino New math entitles Inte Igent program Where the sums are done Superlor to the Peanut Limit of FOR NEXT loop Sliver printer CP M catalog 6502 NOP Train set Atkinson at WAP ExIst backwards E
15. able fo use the FLASHCARD a memory expansion board available for the l and e H omeinform wa e Information on Store Names Sales Events Restaurants Theatres Gifts Metrobus Schedules and Much More Computer Access Number 703 893 0874 September 1984 33 you boot The Your Own Apple Bulletin Board Fixing WAPABBS 1 1 To Work on An Apple e by Thomas Warrick WAPABBS 1 1 a version of the rogram that Washington Apple Pi s Apple bulletin board sys ton ABBS that Is available on W A P disks 121 135 and 136 was written debugged and run on two of the oldest Apple li s on the East Coast When WAPABBS 1 1 began to be used on Apple e s a heretofore unknown problem arose characters would not be translated from lower case to upper case Normally lower case characters sent to the bulletin board system are translated into upper case characters except when a user is entering the text or the summary of a message On an Apple e however lower case characters were not always being translated Into upper case Since the program handled commands in the form of upper case characters untranslated lower case characters were regarded as invalid commands The cause of this difference was in the Monitor ROM routines between the Apple ll and the e The former attempted to change all lower case into upper case whereas the latter welcomed lower case as such In order for DOS 3 5 to get the Apple It monitor t
16. answered that a CP M BBS In Laurel was using such a computer and had about six lines for the BBS got the name of the person to contact Wayne Hammerly of Hammer ly Computing Services and will try and contact him to get some more detalis One person caut loned me about using a multitasking minicomputer and stated that It Is subject to long delays If too many people get on the system Someone also brought up the suggestion that power Ine backup should also be considered because of the uncertainty of power outages in this area suggested that this requirement varies depending on are you are In the Wash Ing fon Tutorial Outline area and that maybe In the Bethesda area where the WAP office ts the power Is dependable Continued from page 46 The remaining part of the meeting was for question and answers One question concerned the use of the Demon Dialer with the Hayes Smartmodem and how by using AE b In color PRO the commands were sent to the Dialer sald 5 Shape Tables that Macros were used and that by using these the 4 Printing graphics Demon Dialer could be used cautloned however that you must make sure that the character used such C Limitations and Restr Ict Tons as the was not a Macro command In such an Instance the command must be preceeded by the so 1 Precision that AE PRO does not think It is a command It should 2 Garbage collection act on 3 PEEK POKE CALL amp and USR 4
17. do It for you it will even multiply or divide by the new amount NS CJ RQ IS Here s how It works Line 2180 prints the heading H RQ of the fleld to change then redirects program flow to the Input routine at line 4730 which gets the new data and saves It In I On returning the temporary numeric varlables Al A2 ond A3 ere set to 0 The next ines check the first character of 1 using the LEFT command to determine If It Is a or a If not then program flow Is to line 2189 and everything works as before If one of the special characters or Is detected then the original data stored In N J RQ 1s converted to a numeric varlable and added to or subtracted from the value of the remaining characters In I The last step s to convert the value of Al back fo a string var lable to be consistent with SFC format It Is deposited In N J RQ just where SFC expected It to go efore we started messing around Since only the and the are evaluated by Applesoft as numerics a little extra programming Is necessary to use the and the as Identifiers In other words If the character string being evaluated begins with anything but a numeric character VAL will return the value of 0 Ignoring every character following It In line s 2186 and 2188 RIGHT must be us to extract the actual value of the date entered excluding the or the As In the previous two Iines the arithmetic operation ts performed on the
18. e PC Protection amp Care Products e Paper amp Custom Forms ROCKVILLE STORE HOURS Se dee ORN Complete coupon to be placed on Software City Special Mailing List Mon B Fri 10 x 6 Montrose Rd Randolph Rd Thurs 10 8 Sat 10 5 Name Address 970 0 prede 468 1001 Phone RY Nicholson Lane Rockville Pike Montgomery Mall a Type PC at Work 11621 Nebel Street Extended White Eline Man Ruckville Maryland 20852 POTOMAC Type PC at Home Beltway Pd D D 5i ToDC CHEVY CHASE 26 September 1984 Washington Apple P1 Computer id APPLE L APPLE MACINTOSH APPLE lic 3 ep d SE ES As VK e pe V e PRINTERS PRINTERS H Micromodem lie Il Panasonic 1091 Gemini 15X 120 cps Call Anchor MK XII Epson FX 80 160 cps Grappler No Buffer 130 Hayes S M 300 Epson RX80 Call Par Interface 79 Apple Cat Il S Gemini 15 Grappler 16K Buffer 199 Smart Model 1200 Hayes Geer Dee 4 i Okidata 93P 729 pson cps Gemini Protype Zaxon e ACCESSORIES A Master Type 32 System Saver AG 35 Cos Exp 550 Multiplan Applicard Wordstar One On One 16K RAM Card M Soft e MONITORS Sensible Speller Computer Desk Monitor Grn 12 80 col crd Videx Monitor Amber 12 A Micro Buffer Il 16 K AMDEK 3006 Grn Flight Sim Il Comp Paper 914 x 11 AMDEK 300A Amber Flip n File 5 Kraft Joystick Color 1 13 AMDEK THE MICRO CONNECTION MONEY SAVING COUPO
19. problem was It cost Apple too much to provide that free service Since Its termination many of the most active participants have moved to the Apple Section of MAUG and there has been a lot of activity lately Although Apple has announced that It Is suspending any future development of the this fine machine js anything but dying Sof tware development Is not being terminated and many new programs are coming out for the especially from third party developers Also a number of updates are In the works such as Pascal v2 0 an Access that works from Its own Interpreter rather than from Business BASIC or Pascal Business BASIC v1 2 Softcard CP M update and more Also Call A P P L E Js producing CHEERS a disk based magazine full of programs articles hints and many special features For example we can get Into the Apple Monitor but no one has been able to get out of It without turning off the power Well someone at Call A P P L E has developed a way to get out gracefully and that technique wll be shared In CHEERS Or how about hardware There Is an Apple mouse In existence and someone Is working on the software to get the e mouse to work on the Speaklng of the e a8 vendor s working on a peripheral card for the wi that emulates the e That wlll be quite an Improvement over the standard Emulation Mode We have some real Apple enthuslasts on MAUG and a number of them have
20. remember the end is what counts If you count backward to the end of a procedure the byte you arrive at is the program level and the one preceeding it is the procedure number This is true of p code but not machine code The latter contains zeros in these locations This is the marker the system uses to tell the difference between the two kinds of code The next two bytes in either code give the offset to the beginning of the procedure Once we re there the procedure can be executed this time from the top down There are September 1984 21 cases of forward offsets in System Pascal but generally one counts from the bottom up About numbers When you compile a Pascal program the main program is segment 1 All of us who have gotten runtime error messages remember the one time it happened to you have seen ERROR S8 1 P 2 I 242 or something like that System errors show S 0 or 820 Turtlegraphics or a number of others The S stands for the segment in which the error occurred The P stands for the procedure number In your program segment 1 the main program is procedure 1 The first PROCEDURE or FUNCTION is 2 and so on Thus in the codefile the main program is considered procedure 1 of segment 1 So far so good About levels A third number that is associated with every procedure is its program level The system needs a way to tell where it is with reference to the main program The convention is to consider
21. 17 30 PM 17 30 PM Apple 1 1USUHS 1 10f f Ice 10f f Ice 1 1 1 T 2 d 1 1 1 1 1 14 3 15 1 16 117 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 Beginning 1 tPascal SIG 1 Forth SIG 1 fTutorlal 51 17 30 PM 1 11 PM 1 17 30 PM 1 10f f Ice 1 10f fice 1 10f fice 1 1 1 1 T d 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 22 1 23 1 24 3 25 1 26 127 1 Beginning 1 1 1 INAP Moet Ing 1 tTutorlal 41 1 1 1USUMS 9 AM 1 17 30 PM 1 1 1 Graphics 1 10f fice 3 1 1 Packages maar Ee BE nnn nn BA EE DE EE 28 1 29 1 30 1 51 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Washington Apple Pi September 1984 Q amp A Your Apple Mysteries Solved by Bruce F Field A couple of months ago had a question about using Wordstar with two printers suggested that the person keep two copies of Wordstar each configured for one of the printers George Kinal has come through with another solution Serial interface cards are typicaliy used in slot 2 of the Apple ll If you are using a word or text processor under CP M and you have a serially interfaced printer either as the primary or as an additional printer you may wish to patch CP M for LIST output on slot 2 this also allows use of the ctri P toggle for printer activation personally use a serial interface for both modem and printer operation not simultaneously of course wlth a simple switch box to s
22. 4 Begin 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 fTutorlal l 1 1SIG Mac 1 SIG Mac 1 17 30PM Of f 1 17 30 PM 1 19 00 M 1 1EDSIG USUIIS1 1 USUHS 1 TUSUHS 1 17 30 PM 1 1 1 1 T d 1 14 1 1 1 9 1 0 1 41 12 3 15 1 14 3 15 1 1Beginning Executive fStockSIG 1 fForth SIG 1 Tu or Leif 1Board 101sabledSIiGT 11 PM 1 17 30 PM 17 30 PM Apple 1 10f t Ico 1 10f f ice 10f f Ice 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 117 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 21 3 22 1 Beginning 1 fPascal SIG 1 THAP Meat Ing 1 1Tutorla145 1 17 30 PM 1 1USUHS 9AM 1 17 30 PM 1 10f fice 1 TAppleworks 1 10f f Ice 1 1 1 1 d 1 1 1 1 1 25 1 24 1 25 1 26 127 1 28 1 29 30 1 Beginning 1 1 1 1 1 1Tutor1al44 1 1 1 1 1 17 30 PM 1 1 1 1 1 10f tice 1 1 1 T d 7 1 1 1 1 1 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY 1 1 4 1 ft 1 2 Begin 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 tTutorlal 11 1S51G Mac 1 1 1 17 30PM Of f 1 47 30 PM 1 1 1 1E0SIG USUHS1 1USUHS 1 1 1 17 30 PM 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 qt 3 12 1 15 1 1TB8eginning Executive fStockSIG 1 1S51G Mac 1 TTutor laf 218oard 101sabledS G1 19 00 AM 1
23. 7 00 eac handling per order Children s Small Medium smelt stde Pi end Bail to Veshington Apple Bethesda MD 20814 Suy WAP T Shirt reen and red tt ordering D tete size Adults Small or Large the WAT rea Mt on Send chect or money order payable to Washington H 8221 vlodaant Avenue Suite n EIER Apple P1 any computer book with this ad or user group card Over 1500 Titles Programming In Stock EE Telecommunications eege Office Automation e se Database otus 1 2 3 Management Graphics Free Computer Books amp Software Catalogue Sidney Kramer Books The Professional Information Store 1722 H St NW 298 8010 or 9 6 mon fn major credit cards Washington DC 800 423 BOOK 10 4 sat phone amp mail orders Index to Advertisers AIS Microsystems es s ss se A Anderson Jacobson e Back Cover Bridget Software Co se ees A Clinton Computer Inside Cover Computer Den Ltd 50 Computer Crafters se 28 Computer Ware Unlimited ee 43 E F Hutton oe ee e e oe oe oe ee ee 34 Frederick Computer Products Inside Cover Future Furniture 6 se ee e 45 H A S Associates e e H 4 JCM Computer Products e c e o c n n n e TO Micro Connection amp s ss ee ee wo e27 Minute Mannuals ee 9 ee oe oe ee 20 Operant Systems se e se ee ees Paragon Technologies ee ee e ee e 6
24. 95 reloads 1 95 the educational activities of the group which will include 120 kilo a t d ES gek a public relations and advertising campaign Several Single aalt only 252 X computer periodical publishers including Ziff Davis Pub y lishing Company publisher of PC Magazine PC Week and other computer related publications and Dun amp ROBIN Bradslreet owned Technical Publishing Corporation pub MICRO SUPPLIES GREAT VOLUME DISCOUNTS lisher of Datamation and Software News have commit 60 5900 ted advertising space at no charge Washington Apple P1 available at that time a User s Bill of Rights 9 1 2 x 11 Cloan Edge Paper 18 and 20 2700 3000 shoets 8 95 box 8304 Hilltop Road Fairfax Virginia 22031 Merrifield Area UPS Shipping FOB Fairfax VA While Fund supporters admit that software piracy is s prevalent at all levels the initial target areas will be VISA corporate and national account users Mitch Kapor indi cated that the public relations and advertising campaign 40 September 1984 COMPUTER WARE UNLIMITED Discount Apple Software ACCOUNTING Math Blaster 34 Planetfall 34 Graphics Solution 102 The Accountant 67 Math amp Social Studies 14 Prisoner I 23 GraForth ge The Accountant 5 0 88 Match Maker specily 28 Pursuit of Gral Spee 43 Grattrix AR AP GL PR ConL ea 165 Micro Habitats 25 Queen of Phobos eres a AR AP BP ea 260 Micro Mother Goose 28 Questron 36 vul M 7 Moptown Hotel 2
25. Anderson prepared the following description of our latest Sig Mac disk Here we have the fourth WashIngton Apple PI SlgMac Disk and the submissions keep getting better and better This disk Is almost exclusively MS BASIC programs It Is apparent that Mac owners are not The type to slt back and walt for better languages for their computer The programmers amoung you are hard at work making MS BASIC do things It s never done before For Instance take a look at BINHEX BAS and see how Basic can be made to take advantage of the Macintosh user Interface Look at BIGPIC BAS to see how It makes Fatblts Into Bigbits Run MacMonltor to see what this wonderful box Is ilike under the hood And whatever else you do don t repeat don t tall to run SUPER The disk has three folders The MS BASIC folder BINHEX BAS by William B Davis Jr This program will convert an application document In binary form such as a MacPalnt or MacWrite document Into a text document which contalns a hex listing of the document This Is very useful for transmitting documents In hex from one computer to another For example you can upload a MacPalnt picture into a database such as Compuserve for others to enjoy This program wll also convert hex documents back Into the appropr late type of binary document so that you may download and display documents from other computers BIGPIC BAS by John Palevich This program will take a MacPalnt document and enlarge I
26. Call Anne Apgar 338 1093 eves after 9 1 FOR SALE Expediter II Applesoft Compiler 99 00 Call Jim 301 559 4310 POSITIONS AVAILABLE The U S Department of Agriculture is recrulting Inside and outside Government for computer speclallsts GS 9 to 12 21 066 to 39 711 who know Unix Ctix or C Cal Mike Mason 202 382 1274 Attention AJ831 owners If you refer a friend to AJ and he she purchases an AJ831 you are ellgble for 50 aa or credit from AJ Offer good until Nov 30 1984 September 1984 Minutes JULY GENERAL MEETING WAP Ltd met at the USUHS on July 28 1984 at 10 00 am David Morganstein presiding Lee Raesly will offer a Visiplot Apple Plot tutorial in August The monthly beginner tutorials will resume in September Work continues on the latest version list of software and input is needed from members Members are urged to call the office with information about the latest software so that a list may be compiled and published While the Urbans are vacationing Bob Platt and Cara Cira will edit the September Journal Publ ication deadline is August lOth The WAP office needs a Mac which would be available for members office staff and WAP meetings A motion was made by Tom Riley that WAP purchase a Macintosh computer modified for video projection an external drive an imagewriter printer and a carrying case Motion seconded and passed Dave Harvey will head a committee which will explore various b
27. Larson 703 451 9373 Rich Wasserstrom 703 893 9147 Nancy Strange 703 691 1619 Editor Bernie Urban 301 229 3458 Mont Co MD Margie Stearns 301 657 2353 Associate Editor Genevie Urban 301 229 3458 Pr Geo Co MD Conrad Fleck 301 699 8200 Journal Staff Special Publctns Betsy Harriman 202 363 5963 Store Distrbtn Ray Hobbs 301 490 7484 SYSOP Tom NATA 301 656 4389 Columnists Tutorials Steve Stern 301 881 2543 Applesoft J T Tom DeMay Jr 301 779 4632 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 DisabledSIG Jay Thal 202 244 3649 Volunteer Coord Sue Roth 703 356 9025 EDSIG Peter Combes 301 251 6369 SIG Coordinator Bob Platt 202 223 1588 LOGOSIG Nancy Strange 703 691 1619 SIG Chairmen Q amp A Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Appleseeds Mike Forman 703 241 1216 Telecomm Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 Apple Jerry Chandler amp 703 790 1651 VisiCale Walt Francis 202 966 5742 Bill Hershey 301 588 1992 Review Coord CESIG John Kapke 301 694 5968 Hardware Scott Rullman 301 779 5714 Roy Rosfeld 301 340 7962 Software Raymond Hobbs 301 490 7484 CP M Charles Franklin 301 997 9138 Group Purchases Rich Wasserstrom 301 654 8060 DisabledSIG Jay Thal 202 244 3649 Call Kevin at office on M W Th F EDSIG Peter Combes 301 251 6369 Disketeria Staff John Malcolm 301 384 1070 Forth SIG Kevin Nealon 703 280 1136 Dave Wetkert Joy Aso Bob Hicks LAWSIG Charles Fi
28. MD s and RN s reading this It consists of a three sided two disk non copy protected program The disks supplied Include the program disk and the reference disk N Squared Computing of S1lverton Oregon urges the purchaser to back up the disks and work with the back ups The program Is completely menu driven and can easily be used by physicians with Iittie computer Iteracy It Is a fast operating program employ ing Divers1 Dos with an Applesoft verslon also Included on the two sided program disk Upon booting the Internist program disk the Maln Menu permits the entry of medical symptoms allows editing of symptoms to screen out the least Important and permits analysis of the symptoms entered Choosing symptom entry produces a screen wlth a Body Part Funct lon Product Menu This screen permits the cholce of specific body parts or functions for diagnosis Cholce from this menu produces another menu which ists specific symptoms from a necessarlly SImtted fist Choosing from this menu then progresses to an editing function screen which permits the phys iclan to narrow the choice of symptoms One then arrives at an Analysis Menu providing the physician with elther an exclusive analysis or a pooled analysts The exclusive analysis Ists only the diseases which Include al of the symptoms entered The pooled analysis Ists al diseases which have at least one symptom n common with those symptoms chosen From the exclusive anal
29. Mitchell Kapor indicated their support of such a discus sion and Jimmie will be working with their representa N Computer Crafters Inc MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS 11246 Georgia Ave Wheaton MD 20902 301 933 5820 Apple Ie Apple I Apple Ile e Apple I e Apple IIc Lisa e Macintosh Okidata 92 429 00 MicroSci Disk drives for Apple 199 00 Silver Reed Letter Quality Printer 379 00 Multiplan for Mac Basic for Mac Mac Disk Holders 1200b Apple Cat modem only Networker 300b modem only 119 00 Macintosh Computers 1895 00 Apple Il amp Il Software at Cost or Make Us an Offer 12 Green Monitors Elephant Disks ss sd Bananna Printers Flip n File 50 llc Carrying Cases 38 September 1984 Washington Apple Pi lives to set it up You will be hearing more about this from Jimmie Software Industry to Users Help Stop Softlifting by Jerry Schneider At a meeting of the Software Protection Fund at the Spring COMDEX in Atlanta representatives of the mi crocomputer software industry asked users to join with them in condemning and stopping the illegal copying of software David Cole president of Ashton Tate and co chairman of the SPF stated We don t want to punish anybody What we re trying to do is create a climate ol opinion in which people will not tolerate software piracy in which the piracy of software will have the same moral and ethical impact as shoplifting The other co chairmen S
30. Volume 304 PIG4 Volume 305 PIG5 Volume 306 PIG6 PIG7 Volume 308 PIG8 Volume 309 PIG9 Volume 310 P1610 P1611 Volume 312 PIG12 PI613 Guerilla Guide Volume 314 PIG14 also Volume 133 The Manxome Foe ATTACH 1 1 BIOS Volume 406 ZCPR2 Install Volume 407 ZCPR2 Documentation Volume 408 ZCPR2 Utilities Volume 490 Modem 730 h t Volume 700 Asserbler Disasserbler Volume 701 Ful Screen Editor Volume 702 GoForth See also Volume 105 Macintosh 7 00 1 postage ea non members add 3 per C C C SigMec Disk 1 MS Basic Pgns SigMac Disk 2 Atkinson s Goodies SigMac Disk 3 Fonts Vols 121 135 136 must be purchased together Use of this disk requires sending money to the author 30 for Diversi disks and 9 for One Key Dos Total Order ___ disks Make check payable and send to Washington Apple P1 Ltd Attn Disketer a 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MO 20814 WAP MEMBERSHIP NO September 1984 DATE Washington Apple Pi There only one place to buy apples AT FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS As an Authorized Apple Dealer we offer a full selection of both Apple Hardware and Software at low low prices Also as an Authorized Service Center we provide fast and efficient service on all Apple products FREDERICK COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC Microcomputer Systems And Peripherals 5726 INDUSTRY LANE FREDERICK MD 301 694 8884 g apple comp
31. been very helpful Just obtalned a disk full of Public Domain Programs for the from one such Individual have contributed a copy to the users group so check with the librarian to see about It Another r has obtained the Apple Technica Service Manual with 456 pages of Information dlagrams and schematics Through MAUG he has taken orders for copies and he Is currently having Jt reproduced For those of you who have read with great Interest the Apple articles In SOFTALK by John Jeppson but were not ambitious enough fo Type In the many pages of code accompany Ing those articles the Apple program lbrary on MAUG now contains most of these Ingenlous programs We ve just had a new member joln up who ilves close to Apple In Cupertino so he Is able to keep tabs on the latest developments He Js currently compiling a database of those of us on MAUG who want to stay Informed of what s happening such as how to obtain the latest updates what s new etc For example there Js a Workbench system operating In the Pascal environment that sounds magn If Icent IM have more detalls at a later time The polnt Is e lot Is happening In the Apple community myself am trying to pull as much of thls together as possible and get as many more Apple rs involved as possibly can A speclal Apple Bulletin Board Publ ic Domain Library Js another Item currently In the works This article Is one example To take f
32. before sending them fo an expansion board and care must be taken to make sure the timing relationships between the signals both outgoing and Incoming are correct An expansion board is probably a Job for experienced circuit designer have an Apple lt a Pkaso interface card and a C Itoh Prowriter printer have been trying to use the horizontal tab on the printer ctri 1 but the Pkaso uses ctri as a lead in for all its commands Pkaso says you can change the lead in character by POKEing some other number than 9 into location 1145 They say To disable commands poke a code that is never printed such as 255 Into 1145 The lead in character is restored to ctri each time the Pkaso Is activated with a PR I etc In case you forgot or mistyped the lead in i put a POKE 1145 255 command after the PR 1 command but it doesn t work Can you see any reason According to Pkaso you have to print something anything after inittalizing the card but before doing the POKE Using your example have added a PRINT 800 PR 1 PRINT 110 POKE 1145 255 However you really should turn on the printer using the DOS command PRINT CHR 4 PR4 In or DOS commands may not work later in your program What s wrong Certain with the Applesoft print routine numbers cannot be printed without additional incorrect digits being added to the end of the number For exemple PRINT 6 017 always prints as 6 01700001 cannot get rid of the ext
33. call about copied If the person called has a telephone answering machine and your call is not assume that he did not try to return your call perhaps you were not home 527 2704 498 6074 524 0937 460 0754 951 5294 550 9064 761 2479 354 4837 652 9375 George Kinal 7 enti 546 7270 Jeremy Parker 301 229 2578 Ben Acton 301 428 3605 Dave Harvey 703 527 2704 Jeremy Parker 301 229 2578 Tom Nebiker 216 867 7463 Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Tom Vier 1 6 PM 703 860 0083 Steve Wildstrom 301 564 0039 Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Scott Rullman 301 779 5714 Scott Rullman 301 779 5714 Don Kornreich 301 292 9225 Scott Rullman 301 779 5714 Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Donald Schmitt 717 334 3265 Tom Vier 1 6 PM 703 860 0083 Paul Bublitz 301 261 4124 John Staples 703 759 3461 Doug Daje 301 868 5487 Dave Einhorn 301 593 8420 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Bob Schmidt 301 736 4698 Normand Bernache 301 935 5617 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Doug Daje 301 868 5487 Jon Vaupel 301 977 3054 Bill Etue 703 620 2103 Ben Ryan 301 469 6457 Jenny Spevak 202 362 3887 J J Finkelstein 301 652 9375 Peter Rosden 301 229 2288 Bill Schultheis 703 538 4575 I Integer P Pascal M Machine Peter Combes 301 251 6369 Jeff Dillon 301 422 6458 Richard Langston 301 258 9865 Mark Pankin 703 524 0937 Leon Raesly 301 460 0754 Bill Schultheis 703 538 4575 Richard Untie
34. clear why the BCS continues to be the Nation s largest and most active group of Microcomputer owners Jonathan was filled with ideas and energy yet he was July the WAP realistic about the problems faced by an organization representing owners of dozens of different microcomputers We think we have troubles with our 11 lie tic IIl Lisa and Mac interests We agreed to keep the lines of communication open and to see if there were ways we could support our mutual interests In educating our members about the uses and potential of microcomputers INDEXING THE JOURNAL John Malcolm our able head librarian has begun the task of indexing our back Issues The job requires additional help It does not require technical knowledge about the Apple only awlllingness to help others and a little bit of time If you do not have a lot of back Issues this may be a way to get some missing copies Please call John or the office if you have a few hours to contribute Many can benefit SCRIBE PRINTER Are there any owners of the new Scribe printer out there My experience with it has so far been a big disappointment When opened the box discovered that the printer does not come with a ribbon Incredible as it may seem you must buy one separately Has any one taken one home and hooked It up only to discover they had no ribbon The print quality is in my opinion adequate only for rough drafts although have only printed with one bond
35. disk or after using Applesoft RENUMBER because the variable pointer aren t all reset properly Typing CLEAR before the PRINT FRE O will return the expected results 44 September 1984 SHAPE TABLES Applesoft will allow you to draw shape number zero with unexpected results It will end up interpreting part of the shape table as the address of the desired Shape and try to draw what it finds there Since this m a shape table the result is a random assortment o nes FLOATING POINT NUMERICS PACKAGE Sometimes Applesoft s math package doesn t give the exact answer that is expected This is caused by the fact that Applesoft does all of its calculations in a 32 bit binary floating point format and there are no exact equivalents to most numbers Also Applesoft uses natural logarithms to calculate many of its transcendental functions which also adds small errors to the results HPLOT TO AFTER A DRAW The Applesoft DRAW command doesn t leave the internal pointer for the last plotted point where the HPLOT TO command can use it HPLOT TO X lt Y will draw a tine from a random point to X Y The following program contains a machine language program that will decode the position and set up the HPLOT pointers Then HPLOT TO X Y will draw from the last plotted point of the shape 10 FOR J 768 TO 780 20 READ A 30 POKE J A 40 NEXT J 50 DATA 32 203 245 166 224 166 224 164 225 165 226 76 17 244 110 HGR 120 HCOLOR 3 130 SCALE 1 14
36. eege 455 00 FX 100 as eeee e D 690 00 LQ 1500 Parallel 1225 00 Paper 20 2500 sheets 25 00 BL ABBARF t oa sseossossoassseosse 120 00 PKA Vii MG EE onn 120 00 Print it Interface 175 00 Thunder Clock Sege ege ees ee e ee e 120 00 ShuffleBuffer 64K 250 00 ShuffleBuffer 128K 325 00 Printer Stand short 20 long 25 Disk holder for 1 2 eeegene s Hayes Smartmodem 1200 w Terminal Program amp CCS SERIAL card 430 00 Prometheus Promodem 1200 w Terminal Program amp CCS SERIAL card 520 00 CP M CARD CP M 3 0 Guides 270 00 SuperSprite Graphics Pkg 320 00 Taxan Amber Monitor 130 00 30 00 Videx Function Strip 35 00 TG Track Ball 9 Re e Wico Joysticks 3 way Deluxe 30 00 Koala Pad Touch Tablet 80 00 Micro Sci Disk Drive A2 225 00 Quentin Disk Drive 215 00 FingerPrint MX RX Series 45 00 FX Series 92 90 Verbatim diskettes 88 DD 21 00 10 190 00 100 D8 DD 30 00 10 290 00 100 Head Cleaning Kits In stock word processing and game specials Epson Printer Utility condensed utilities italic boldface etc 25 00 Record Master Complete Data Base System AS The Artist 99 00 Visidex een em a um ew e sees 149 00 Desk Top Plan II 130 00 Frogger ee e mm me mm mm mm e e e ewe 20 00 Mous attack ee e geg ee ee 9 a eege e 2
37. for example to ii E Z Pleces on the Apple ill In other cases a hardware cholce Is vital Overall these data suggest that Lotus on the Mac vil be something of a speed champ when avaliable tylng or beating the best of the MS DOS world But the data also suggest that diminishing returns are setting In Saving the last several hours fs not nearly as Important as saving the first 20 or 30 hours Indeed considering price as wel as performance elther a plain vanilla Apple e or an accelerated e is a real bargain especlal y since Multiplan Is excellent and AppseWorks good In capablllty even If both are only average In overall speed Stili a really high performance machine Jke the Macintosh or Tandy 2000 fs very seductive particularly when compared to the overpriced IBM PC SENSITIVITY OF RESULTS tried several other test models on each machine and found that In general the results were relatively Insensitive to mode differences For example a template of 1000 cells Involving both multipstcatton and division in each ce required rough y double the calculation times given above for every combination of hardware and software However exceptions do exist and some exotic calculations take much jonger particularly on some configurations For example a mode of 1000 celis using square roots took 20 seconds on Lotus on an IBM almost 4 minutes on an Apple e for Multiplan and a staggering 10 mlnutes for VisiCalc reversing t
38. gt R ROT ROT O CSTORE DROP SWAP R gt R gt ROT 2DUP lt IF SWAP CSTORE ELSE 2DROP THEN 2DROP The word CSTORE moves a group of bytes from one memory location to another and the word INSERT STRING uses this word to insert one string into another tege when inserting the letter D Into the string ABC this word makes each of the strings DABC ADBC ABDC and ABCD depending upon where the letter D is to be Inserted These words demonstrate another desireable feature of FORTH that of being able to name words using understandible English Three other auxiliary words which we shall use are 3DUP gt R 2DUP R ROT ROT R CHAROFF OVER SWAP 1 ROT ROT DUP ROT ROT SETUP ADD CHAR l DUP ROT 1 These three words are used In the following words which make up the primary functions of the permutation word ADD CHAR gt R gt R R HERE 1 SWAP SETUP ADD CHAR 3DUP R gt R gt SWAP 2DUP I WORKAREA OVER O DO SWAP gt R OVER gt R ROT DUP gt R ROT ROT DUP gt R CHAROFF WORKAREA R gt R gt R gt R SWAP gt R SWAP gt R SWAP INSERT STRING 3DUP R gt R gt R gt LOOP DROP gt R DROP 2DROP 2DROP 2DROP R gt PERMUTE N N 1 DUP 1 FACTORIAL I 1 SWAP DO ADD CHAR 1 LOOP DO PERMUTE 20UP lt IF 2DROP ELSE DUP IF HERE 1 C8 WORKAREA C ELSE PERMUTE N N i THEN 1 MYSELF THEN The word DO PERMUTE performs the actual permutation beginning with letter and ending with the desired n letters by executin
39. not describe the entire MousePalnt program here If you have not seen MacPalnt or the Macintosh in actlon please do so soon It wiit change the way you think about computers The user manual Is not very technical but does document MousePalnt very well and contains a few sample Baslc and assembler language programs Writing programs that use the mouse as an Input device Is really quite easy If you ve ever programmed for a Joyst Ick Programming pull down menus windows cursors and Icons Js a completely different matter As an Input device the mouse provides an x and y co ordinate similar to a Joystick and a button status Firmware on the controller board Interfaces nicely with Applesoft basic and assembler language With App lesoft one can use 4 paddles and 3 buttons The mouse provides only 2 paddies and button However the mouse wll return a co ordinate from 0 to 1024 4 times that of a regular paddle This makes the mouse nice for use with double hires graphics Also EE If one could put more than one mouse board In a e The following program produces a standard etcha sketch type screen using the mouse in slot 4 and double hires graph Ics 10 HGR2 20 HCOLOR 3 30 HPLOT 0 0 TO 0 0 40 PRINT PRINT CHR 4 PR44 PRINT CHR 1 50 PRINT CHR 4 PR O 60 PRINT CHR 4 INg4 70 INPUT X Y B 80 IF B lt O THEN 140 90 IF B 2 THEN 10 130 GOTO 70 140 PRINT CHR 4 IN4O 150 TEXT END The only real change In
40. of the source code is required When 34 September 1984 reassembi Ing source code remember that the modem slot oe must be set to the appropriate value for your ardware configuration Most people toda t for their modem not slot 3 E Caer Ee A new version of WAPABBS which WAPABBS 1 2 is now In fhe works planned for WAPABBS 1 2 include will be known as Changes currently 1 Support of Hayes Smartmodem command compat ible modems This will requre a particular type of serial card but which one wili be supported has not yet been determined 2 Capacity for about 255 messages not 138 3 More program space as DOS 3 35 has been into the 16K card Space and the USERS OBJ file has been reduced in size Notwithstanding this reduction WAPABBS 1 2 will be capable of handling users with 1 0 numbers up to 9 999 relocated 4 Guests will be able to Slgn on as GUESTS with limited access to system features 5 Some form of conferencing for messages 6 Correction of the case conversion bug described above and a few others 7 Two people can be co equal SYSOPs with access all SYSOP features and commands to WAPABBS 1 2 will be sold as a single disk at the usual price for Apple Ii disks and probably will require that you have the three WAPABBS 1 1 disks A final decision on this has not yet been made by Disketerta staff A release date for WAPABBS 1 2 has not yet been set but It is unlikely to be before th
41. share of prob lens since you frequently have to get Export lcenses to ship computers out of the country Imagine our surprise and delight when we found out In March that the local Apple dealer was getting in a shipment of Macs The Mac package was to Include the Mac Imagewriter security kit MacPaint and MacWrite and a carrying case for the unbelievable price of 5100 Most of us here would have been willing to pay 4000 for the same package Good news like that travels quickly by word of mouth and within a week of the announcement Riyadh House had fliled its reservation IIst requiring a deposit of about 300 We were told the shipment was due to May but we were promised that the Macs would be Installed In our houses by the first week of June After making my deposit went on vacation and picked up a Mac through WAP s even better group purchase and came back In late June thinking all my friends would have their Macs by then Riyadh House had told everyone that the shipment was slightly delayed but would be in no later than July 7 On July 6 rumors spread that an Apple team was in Kingdom and was installing Macs in Riyadh Everyone was too exclted to sit still which caused a phenomenal letdown when we found out the next day that the Shipment had been diverted to a stateside dealer and had never been sent here This caused a real outpouring of anti Apple sentiment which prompted a letter to each of us on the
42. spresdsheel may also contain data you enter r Beek gt Yeortyi your seil 43 columns 4 and 5do EH Current Salary BS leokty Yooriy ANNOUNCING Dow Jones Spreadsheet Link on The Macintosh ONDE DOMMVANLOADER A EDITOR for Apple lit lle amp Franklin Computers MENU DRIVEN SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD CUSTOM FONTS amp CHARACTERS TO EITHER OF THESE FRIHTERS EPSON FX 80 OKIDATA 92 93 FONT DOWNLOADER amp EDITOR C ITOH PROWRITER 8510AP APPLE DOT MATRIX EERS AE DAE DOEKE power EXIT COMPATIBLE WITH WORD PROCESSORS CAPABLE OF SENDING FRINTER CONTROL CODES DOWNLOAD FONT EDIT FONT RUN DEMO o 1 2 3 4 35 1 sd EE ER E 5 a rain dEr ae EL Ba a gt FRPABC ENTERS EOIT MODE DEFCHIIREGANO te ere POERSTUFWEYZE eier EER RE Je _tabcdefg E cu D T Lashblmnepars s Saue FONT TO Dia Euvunurtllj Ru ur NET RAK WARE 201 525 1885 59 5 5 H 41 RALPH ROAD W ORANGE NJ 07052 SPECIFY PRINTER WITH ORDER Washington Apple Pi September 1984 20 Set An Olympic Record Sprint through the top selling software programs for the Apple with perfect for home school and business ISBN 0 913131 03 2 12 95 d g Feel confident at your starting line equipped with the Minute Manual MINUTE MANUAL for PFS FILE REPORT GRAPH WRITE for E This book explains this easy integrated software system for those who have one or more of PFS the programs and for those considering buying
43. the main program as level 0 Each procedure within that program is at level 1 and procedures within a procedure level 2 and so on The numbers are equivalent to the nesting level of a given procedure They are analogous to the lexical levels you see when you get a compiled listing of your program If you haven t done it just type L CONSOLE somewhere in your text file and then compile it That will produce segment procedure lexical level and byte number of each line in the program Figure 1 gives a schematic of a program with its levels Notice that procedures are numbered as they are OECLARED not when they begin This fact makes it easier to locate runtime errors and helps one arrange procedures in a logical order I can say this with only some evidence and welcome any corrections but the more active a procedure is going to be in the program the closer to the top lower proc it should be Little used or one shot procedures like initialize and sayhello should be put toward the bottom of the segment Of course the rule of declaring before calling must be observed and note that if you declare a procedure FORWARD it is numbered as it is declared rather than when it actually appears in the program Procedures may be nested more than one deep The deepest I have seen so far is in System Compiler which has a procedure at level 6 level 6 Knowing about levels can also keep one from making calls outs ide Level 4 call
44. very useful program for storing and retrieving data As Its popularity grew so did Its variations There are many versions of FILE CABINET avallable today Including SUPER FILE CABINET on WAP library disk 37 Let s use SFC SUPER FILE CABINET to learn about the Applesoft VAL and STR functions while adding another feature to thls already useful program First a few basics are In order Applesoft stores data In locations called varlables These varlables can contaln letters numbers or combinations of letters and numbers If we want to store the number 125 a simple BASIC statement would be 100 NUMBER 123 or 100 NUMBERZ 123 The varlable name NUMBER fs used to denote the location In memory that 123 Is stored at In the second example the varlable Is of a special numeric type called an INTEGER varlable and must only be used to store whole numbers Please note that NUMBER and NUMBERZ are two separate names It Is also important to remember that only the first two characters in the varlable name are significiant For example NUMBER and NUMERAL are considered to be the same name to App lesoft If the data we want to store Is not numeric then It must be stored In a string vartable denoted by a dollar sign after the name as In 100 NUMBER z 123 After this line Is executed the variable NUMBERS holds the characters 123 not the value 125 Although they may look the same on the screen they are most definitely different it I
45. 0 00 Lunar Leeper sssssssssesse 17 00 fpple O0ids 18 00 Firebug c cec oorr enee 17 00 Creature Creator 27 00 Summer Games sesse sssaasee 0200 Infocom s SEASTALKER ssses 30 0 This ad is written a month in advance Since prices are subject to change please call for current Pricing We attempt to meet all advertised prices COMPUTER DEN Ltd 11716 KEMP MILL ROAD SILVER SPRING MARYLAND 20902 301 449 6868 Call for an appointment or to order Sunday Thursday 10 A M 9 P M July amp August Closed Sunday Free delivery to Gr bech City UPS shipping 4 00 extra Quantity Discounts Available Mashington Apple Pi have Just received a copy of as 50 For Your Old Program by Leon H Reesly L C S w a News Release from Shawn Fogle of LJK Enterprises Inc They have a SPECIAL offering good until December 31st 1984 They will allow you 50 Trade in on any of their Apple programs for ANY used program you have The deteils are as follows First you must send ORIGINAL Disk and ORIGINAL Documentation They will allow a Trade in of 50 towards the price of any of their Apple programs The programs towards which you may ap Iy the Trade In and their list price are Letter Perfect a full function Word Processor with integrated Spelling Checker 104 95 Data Perfect A powerful Data Base file manager and interactive with Letter Perfect 12
46. 0 CALL ND offset back Into code You can edit your program and the code will float on the end This frees up memory page three ampersand vector and overwrlting worries One caveat however Is that some renumbering programs reset the polnter back to where It belongs have found these tech niques very useful In a data base have constructed that previously defied all commercial program appl Ica tlons This way have unformatted full screen ESI and display fast search using BASCALC of course and update capability Back to the subject of scatchpad DOS use of scatchpad locations Is one small thing Worth Lechner left out of their very compre hensive book Beneath Apple DOS Here Is the IIst gleaned from the code Hope your find It useful By the way the problem encountered with that Hello program will occur anytime the disk slot scatchpad locations get clobbered causing the drive to re callbrate DOS Scratchpad Usage 478 Current track 4F8 No of re seeks before error 578 No of re reads before error 5F8 Current slot 16 678 Last write slot 16 6F8 No of re callibrates before error 478 slot Current track D 2 4F8 slot Current track 02 2 Note Slot 0 locations not cards active EdSIG from page 30 always valid with other it may be that the keyboard Is a barrier to direct manipulation and devices such as the Mouse offer more promise A most stimulating discussion em
47. 0 DRAM 1 AT 100 100 150 CALL 768 REM LTHIS IS IT 160 HPLOT TO 10 10 170 END APPLESOFT S HI RES COLLISION COUNTER The collision counter byte located at EA is a byte that is incremented when a shape is drawn and it crosses a non black dot on the screen Applesoft does not initialize this byte so it should be set to zero before using it The collision could be used for instance to detect when a lunar lander hits a mountain by first setting it to zero and then checking it for non zero values each time the lander is drawn Washington Apple Pi For the Apple Music Construction Set A Review by Dan Robrish For a while now Electronic Arts has been advert Ising Music Construction Set as the music program that s easy to use and doesn t sound l ke so many burps MCS Is a nice program and It does sound nice However It has poor controlilng with a joystick Without a MockIngboard you cannot control sound quallty or volume and the beat counter doesn t function Also using the tunes In your own program Is Mockingboard dependent Now that I ve tarred and feathered It let me go on to the good points It s affordable It supports printing of the music It uses standard musical notation Standard musical notation Js Important It you re copying music because that s the way the music wlll be written Songwriter uses a player plano notation hIgh pitch nofes ars higher on the screen whole notes look longer than 36t
48. 109 names and addresses using MACHINE reduced this to under 4 seconds Washington Apple Pi Forth Answers the Challenge by Charlie Brown in the August 1984 Issue of the WAP Journal Bill Wurzel presented a LISP program which generates all the possible permutations of n objects letters of the alphabet for example in the article Bill threw down the gauntlet and suggested the comparison of running times between his LISP program and a similar program to be written in FORTH This article accepts his challenge by presenting a FORTH program which also generates all possible permutat lons and gives the results of a speed comparison between the two languages For those of you who ere unfamiliar with FORTH belleve that you are missing an exciting new computer language My introduction to FORTH was through WAP disks 105 and 700 702 which provide a kernel for the language use the term kernel because of the single most interesting feature of this language if Is extensible That Is to say the language kernel which comes on disk 105 consists of a set of words each word is somewhat analogous to a statement in BASIC eg DRAW GOSUB or VTAB and this kernel can be extended by adding new words whlch are defined in terms of the existing words Therefore a dictionary of the language can be tailor made to comprise a set of words for any specific purpose GRAFORTH is an example of a commercially available FORTH based language
49. 147 Logo Documentation Volume 150 EDSI61 Elem Math Volume 151 1983 Tex Tenplate Volume 152 IAC 31 Miscellaneous Volume 153 Investments A Volume 154 Investments B Volune 155 IAC 33 Miscellaneous Volume 156 IAC 35 Applesoft AW e Volume 157 IAC 36 Arcade Games Eamon Series Volume 180 Dungeon Designer Volume 181 Beginners Cave Volume 182 Lair of Minotaur Volume 183 Cave of the Mind Volune 184 Zyphur Riverventure Volume 185 Castle of Doan Volume 186 Death Star Volune 187 Devil s Tamb Eamon contd le 188 Caves of Treas Is Volume 189 Furioso J Volume 190 The Magic Kingdom Volume 191 The Tarb of Mol inar Volume 192 Lost Isl of Apple Volume 193 Abductor s Quarters Volume 194 Quest for Trezore Volume 195 Underground City Volune 196 Merlin s Castle Volume 197 Horgrath Castle Volume 198 Deathtrap Volume 199 The Black Death Volune 200 The Temple of Ngurct GMAT e a e qr pue qt m qm qm qm qm e TV Pa F or Volume 201 This form is only for ordering disks Black Mountain Volume 202 Nuclear Nightmare Volume 203 Feast of Carroll Volune 204 The Master s Dungeon Volume 205 The Crystal Mountain leng 206 The Lost Adventure Volume 207 scal Volume 301 Volume 307 Volume 311 Volume 313 Yolume 401 Volune 402 Volume 300 PIGO P161 Volume 302 PIG2 Volume 303 PIG3
50. 1984 Washington Apple Pi d WAP TUTORIAL REGISTRATION The following four MAP tutorials are being offered on Tuesday evenings from 7 30 to 9 00 PM at the office 8227 Woodmont Avenue Room 202 Bethesda MD the tutorials start promptly at 7 30 if you bring your computer please arrive 15 minutes early to set up You may sign up for any or all of the series They are designed for the beginner and will be repeated monthly A detailed outline of the tutorials is given elsewhere in this issue The outline s undergoing some changes at the moment particularly session 4 therefore the outline may not be exactly as it will be presented October 2 INTRODUCTION TO APPLE COMPUTER HARDWARE November 6 October 9 HOW TO USE YOUR APPLE SOFTWARE November 13 October 16 BEGINNING BASIC November 20 October 23 BITS BYTES NIBBLES November 27 The fee for each tutorial is 10 00 with an Apple monitor and disk drive 15 00 without monitors available for Ist 5 registrants call office Please note that WAP does not have equipment for you to use if you do not bring your own you will have to look over someone s shoulder Tutor als at 10 00 with equipment Tutorials at 15 00 without equipment Please check the desired tutorials and return this form with fee s made payable to Washington Apple Pi Ltd to Washington Apple Pi Ltd Attn Tutorials 8227 Woodmont Avenue Sutte 201 Bethesda MD 20814 Hame
51. 2 4 a These optional data disks contain the data used in the tutorials and allow you to work through 9 95 Sample Data Disks DB Master the tutorials without creating a practice data base Available at COMM CENTER B Dalton Sidney Kramers H St VF Assoc Logical Choice Towson Computer Computers Unlimited Westminster Computers amp more or send check 1 S H to Minuteware P O Box 2392 Columbia MD 21045 301 995 1166 September 1984 Washington Apple Pi Anatomy of an Apple Pascal Code File by Brother Tom Sewyer CSC My dream is to write an unpiler 1 have always been curious about the programs that come in coded form only Sometimes I would like to modify them but most of the time I would Just like to see how the pros write their programs My dream is half way to being fulfilled and if you ve already written such a program let me remain ignorant of it because working toward my goal is teaching me a Tot about Pascal and particularly how the Apple version works Apple Pascal decompiler About CODE FILES Text in general is whatever is typed into the Editor a program The text file in this case is something that is in Pascal This human readable form of a program must be changed into machine readable form because the machine is more limited than we humans are The compiler is the program that performs this task In Apple Pascal it produces a version of the program in a language called p code In other sys
52. 32 that Applesoft uses Therefore with a number like 6 017 Applesoft uses 6 01699999 or 6 01700001 depending on how you calculated it am currently in the process of creating an all purpose sports statistics program in Applesoft for use at my school Having arrived at the need to include a turnover ratio statistic ran across the problem of rounding off ratios calculated to six or more decimal places to three or four places How can this be done This goes right along with the previous question The easiest way to round numbers is with the following piece of code If we want to round the variable A to three places A INT 1000 A 5 1000 A is multipli led by 1000 rounded to the nearest integer and then divided by 1000 to return it to its original value minus the extra digits This works fine until it is time to print it and then you run Into the problem described above of getting extra digits Note that the number is not substantially different than what it should be but the extra digits are a pain if you are trying to line up columns The easiest way to format numbers for printing is to use one of the machine language number formatting routines available Several have been advertised in magazines Amper Magic by Anthro Digital Inc Amperware by Scientific Software Products Inc Routine Machine by Southwestern Data Systems Inc now called Roger Wagner Software and AmperSoft by MicroSparc Inc are a few that offer print u
53. 5 OPERANT SYSTEMS 7676 New Haspshire Ave Suite 312 Langley Park Hd 20783 Md sales add SY tax UPS shipping is available All items carry full manufacturer s warranties 1 1 i i i i v TO ORDER i 1 i i September 1984 COME JOIN US WHEN SEPTEMBER 22 12 00pm WHERE THE BARRIE SCHOOL 135 LAYHILL RD SILYER SPRING MD YOU BRING LUNCH WE LL BRING CAKE AND ICE CREAM GAMES ALL AGES ALL LEVELS Explore LOGO off the computer RSVP 2 Sept 15 o Dick Wathen ood 301 593 4384 Nancy Strange 703 691 1619 2 September 1984 Washington Apple Pi Ge sal ce p ce Ti E OFFICERS amp STAFF President David Morganstein 301 972 4263 Arrangements Jim Taylor 301 926 7869 Vice Pres Programs Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 Demonstrations Signe Larson 703 524 4541 Vice Pres SI6s Bob Platt 301 223 1588 General Counsel Jim Burger Burger amp Kendall Treasurer Edward Myerson 703 759 5479 02 293 7170 Secretary Nancy Little 301 762 3215 Membership Dana Schwartz 301 654 8060 Directors Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Program Cara Cira 301 468 6118 Peter Combes 301 251 6369 Publicity Chairman Hunter Alexander 703 820 8304 J T Tom DeMay Jr 301 779 4632 Public Relations Lee Raesly 301 460 0754 Bruce Field 301 340 7038 Rules amp Elections Bob Platt 202 223 1588 Nancy Philipp 301 924 2354 School Coordinators Jay Thal 202 244 3649 Virginia Barbara
54. 7 The VALue of STRINGS s J T Tom DeMay 42 Apple Tech Notes e o os rd Langston 44 Music Construction Set Revlew Dan Robr ish 45 Tutorlel Oufllne 4 e se ses pen 46 The Internist Review Bob Oringel 47 AppleMouse Revlew se Bernle Benson 48 More on WordStar Fille Recovery Rudie Slaughter 50 Used Program Buy Back e e e Leon H Raesly 51 WAP Crossword Puzzle Peter Combes 52 A DISK ON B Clinton Computer had an opportunity to buy a limited number of brand new Apple Disk s at a very special price from Apple We made this purchase because we have manufactured an adapter to make these Apple Disk s work on the Apple Plus or Apple e with either DOS 3 3 or ProDOS The adapter requires no modification to the computer disk drive or cable These drives will operate on an Apple or an Apple There are many third party drives for the Apple Most of them have a low initial price but are more expensive over the life of the drive because they are not widely serviced or supported The Apple Disk on the other hand was built as an improvement over the Disk The Disk works better and quieter it looks nicer and it can be serviced by any authorized Apple dealer A disk controller is also available for 69 if you need one Apple Disk s available only at our Clinton location Call ahead for large quantities E IT on e Authorized Deale
55. 8 8088 and for 2 name of a bug In Version 1 0 you can get l i bugs In Version 1 0 ere During a save If mouse or hlt RETURN truncate the file f you have an odd number of string arrays or If ou dimension string arrays before you dimension nteger or real errays they won t work f you try to double click a program icon from the second disk Mac vill say It can t find the disk ou have and the Three you accidentally press the you will abort the SAVE and Multiplan Version 1 02 Is out and willl be upgraded free If you ere a properly registered owner of 1 0 The 2 0 version of MS BASIC Is due out soon MAC RESOURCES in July a random survey of local dealers revealed two stores with a good supply of Mac materlals The Computer Store on K Street In the Esplanade Mat and Bethesda Computer The Software Center In Rockvllle had a nice selection of products but Its sister store In Springfield did not Local stores had Habadex the Infocom games Transylvania Think Tank Maln Street Filer Megamerge and MacPlc smong others Sof tware Speclalists on K Street downtown offer a 20 percent discount on software visited this store on August 10 at that time It had much of the avallable software Including new releases on Its shelves I was not Impressed with ts sales force however LATE BREAKING NEWS The August 20 1984 Issue of InfoWorld relates two rumors of Interest to SlgMac members Apple Is planning
56. 8 Randamn 24 Multi Disk Catalog Church Management 325 28 Munch a Bu 28 Mr Cool 26 Run for the Money unc g General Accounting BPI 260 Sargon III 34 Picture Builder 28 Home Accountant 5 d a g 28 Printographer 34 PSAT Word Attack Skills 34 Seaslalker grap Inventory Control BPI 260 buit Shattered Alliance 43 Pronto DOS 20 Payroll BPI or Broderbund 260 ie ke il 34 Sherwood Forest 24 Routine Machine 28 Tax Advantage 48 SAT Word a o 4g Sneakers 21 Special Effects 28 Speed Reader avidson COMMUNICATIONS Spelficopter og Soreeror 4 e e Data Capture 4 0 50 Sticky Bear Basket Bounce 28 Suspended 34 The Bug 34 P Term Pro 88 Sticky Bear Numbers 28 ii Utility Cit 20 Ana i R gers in the Snow 29 tility City VISK 175 Sticky Bear Opposites 28 Time Zone 68 Zoom Graphics 34 Visiterm 7 Sticky Bear Shapes 28 Transylvania 24 Z Term Pro 102 Terrapin Logo 68 gege 24 DATA BASE Trickster Coyote 25 Ultimalll 42 WORD PROCESSING DB Master 160 us un i i Ultima M 1 Addressbook Maillist 34 Datastar req CP M 195 yp ng SU Ulysses i 24 Bank Street Speller 48 req U S Geograph 28 War in Russia 58 dBase II req CP M 325 ad 9 k y Bank Street Writer 48 req 24 Incredible Jack 93 We pe Warp Factor 29 Correctstar 132 Word Atlack 34 Witness 34 PFS File 85 World Build 23 y Format H 102 PFS Graph 85 orld Builders Wizard and the Princess 23 Homeword 48 PFS Report 85 Wizardry 34 Letter Perfect 102 Visidex 175 LEISURE Zork V M 1 63 28 Ma
57. 9 95 Spell Perfect A complete spelling checker 89 95 Simply Perfect which combines all three programs above and runs in the c or loads Into the extended 80 Column card on the e 189 95 and Gnome An extremely powerful Assembler Editor for the 6502 99 95 Each of these programs would then have their price reduced by 50 They state that it is limited to one Trade In per family or business talked with Shawn to be what the News Release said He confirmed that the Trade in was 50 not the value of your Trading program Thus if you had an old game you never used any more and It cost let s say 24 95 new that would be quite DK Il Any program regardless of cost such as Apple Writer l or even version 1 1 would be al lowed 50 towards the price of the above products as long you send them the ORIGINAL Disk and ORIGINAL Documentation with your order and check for the balance after Trade In sure of Their address is LJK Enterprises inc 7852 Big Bend Boulevard St Louis Missouri 63119 Telephone 314 962 1855 This Is the kind of policy that would more compantes have like to see Incidentally you can tell any of your Atari that it applys to them also programs have an Atari version friends since all of these Background color is Apple Available at the WAP office or mail add 1 50 postage and Mediun or vm Support oor clubl tan lettering Is fa by wall for
58. ALC xx06 AO 27 LOY 27 xx08 A5 29 LOA 29 BASH xx0A 29 03 AND 03 xxOC 09 08 ORA 08 xxOE 85 29 STA 29 BASH xx10 Bl 28 LDA 28 Y BASL xx12 48 PHA xx13 A5 29 LDA 29 BASH xx15 29 03 ANO 03 xx17 09 04 ORA 04 xx 19 85 29 STA 29 BASH xx1B 68 PLA xx1C 91 28 STA 28 Y BASL xxlE 88 DEY xxIF 10 E BPL X xx08 xx21 CA DEX xx22 10 DE BPL xx02 xx24 60 RTS To change which page you are moving to and from i poke n the approplate values Into the bytes xx0D and xxi8 in Applesoff a very slow alternative It could be done I Ike this 20 PAGE 2 REM FROM PAGE 30 OFFSET PAGE 1 1024 100 FOR LINE 1 TO 24 110 VTAB LINE BASE PEEK 40 4P 120 FOR COLUMN 0 TO 39 eg 130 CHARACTER PEEK BASE COLUMN 140 POKE BASE COLUMN CHARACTER 150 NEXT COLUMN LINE OFFSET Also you can make each text page file five sectors 10 IF PEEK 104 lt 12 THEN POKE 3072 0 PRINT CHR 4 RUN thls program 104 12 POKE if you use a lot of machine language subroutines in your program or one that is long and you don t want to walt to POKE In all that data you can make the subrout Ines relocatable by using relative or forced branch Ing Then move the code to just after the end of the program and reset the pointer AF BO past the end of the subroutines Now they will be loaded along with your program To call them just do the fol lowing 20 NO PEEK 175 PEEK 176 256 10
59. Buffeted Grappler Pius 165 NEC Color Composite 275 2 80 Catd e 130 Sofcard Premium System je 340 Modems Wordstar e 300 D C Hayes Wordstar with Applicard 325 Micromodem He 245 Saturn Accelerator H CALL D C Hayes Videx Videotern 215 300 Baud Smarimodem 215 Stock Option Analysis Program D C Hayes H amp H Scientilic 2 2 250 1200 Baud Smartmodem 490 Stock Option Scanner H amp H Scientific Dow Jones Analyzer Printers Toshiba P1350 1500 Dow Jones Manager 250 Toshiba P1351 Ls 1555 LJK Letter Perfect 105 NEC 3510 Spinwiiter 1250 VISICUG oov EN Ee 185 Okidata Micro 82 A 310 Microsoft Multiplan 180 Okidata Micro 83 A 565 General Manager 150 Okidata Micro 92 440 Screenwriter 1 100 Okidata Micro 93 700 Sensible Spelter 100 Titan 128K Ram Card Prowiiter 8510 A PFS Report PFS Wie Koala Pat VISA MC Add 3 money order certified check Prices subject to change Shipping handling S5 MD residents add 5 5 tax Mail order only CALL FOR ITEMS NOT LISTED GOV T PURCHASE ORDERS ACCEPTED RAMADA COMPUTER PRODUCTS A Division of H amp H Scientific 13507 Pendleton St Ft Washington MD 20744 Tel 301 292 2958 47 App
60. Convert your existing data files Cones with complete indexed manual For Apple II e c 1 or 2 drives 48k or 64K Get the perfornance price leader no Write for info or send 59 95 plus 1 50 shipping to BRIDGET SOFTWARE CO 1309 CANYON RD SILVER SPRING MD 20904 301 384 7875 SORT HD residents add 5X sales tax Dealer inquiries invited nr A Lei O 1983 As a result of these discussions a steering com mitlee was appointed to pursue the initial phase of the Fund s activities Steering Committee members were David Cole Mitchell Kapor Steve Ballmer and Richard Frank of Sorcim Corporation SPF was formally introduced in February at Softcon in New Orleans At that time the Fund identified four action areas to be addressed These included e Technical Protection The software publishing indus try must pursue some form of technical copy protection e Government Activity The software publishing indus try also must actively seek to influence and initiate gov ernment activity related to software protection particu larly with emphasis on tailoring the copyright laws to respond to the problems of software publishers e Education Through advertisements articles speeches and forums users corporale and casual must be educated to the need for software protection and the high costs of software development e Visible Enforcement Visible enforcement must be undertaken in situatio
61. H BUTTON ONLY 269 00 FOR OUR FREE CATALOG GRAPHICS INTERFACE M CARD 159 00 MICROFAZER GENERAL PRINT H r Ss 202363133 PRINTER STAND 14 00 M v Washington Apple Pi September 1984 49 More On Wordstar File Recovery by Rudie Slaughter In his July 84 WAP Journal article Recover Ing Crashed WordStar Files Peter Jones made reference to the fact that his file recovery method left some garbage at the end of a recovered file as It was padded o make up a ful 256 byte page This garbage can be avolded by appending the standard end of file marker Control Z or hex 1A to the WordStar text before exiting DDT and saving It The following command sequence wil accomplish this Determine DBGN Document BeGIN and DEND Document END In hexadecimal as described In the Jones articte and move the text from the WordStar buffer to the standard CP M buffer at 0100 Then from within DDT command line remarks HDEND DBGN cr H exadecimal arithmetic abcd efgh wil be returned Hef gh 010 leer using efgh from prior line IjkI mnop will be returned S i JkI cr S ubstition at ijki ijkl wx VASE complete line with Control Z EOF lJk yz lt er gt exit S with perlod Control C exit DOT A SAVE q d fllename ext cr q 16 J One should note that WordStar files exceeding about 18 000 characters or 5 full pages are partially saved on disk using a virtua
62. N S 5 00 OFF ANY PURCHASE OVER 50 00 10 00 OFF ANY PURCHASE OVER 100 00 e Limit one coupon per person Limit one coupon per sale e Coupon valid thru 10 31 84 eX THE MICRO CONNECTION MONEY SAVING COUPON 7 CALL FOR OTHER SPECIALS 4 X FRIENDLY LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU Store Hours 10 AM to 6 PM Monday thru Saturday DON T OVERPAY CALL THE DISCOUNTERS AT THE MICRO CONNECTION INC 320 A MAPLE AVENUE EAST 6192 FRANCONIA RD 8228 FENTON STREET 11523 SUNRISE VALLEY DR VIENNA VA 22180 ALEXANDRIA VA 22310 SILVER SPRING MD 20910 RESTON VA 22091 281 1866 971 5800 495 5960 860 1702 Washington Apple Pi September 1984 27 Forth A Sample Prime Number Program by Kevin Nealon It seems that every FORTH S I G Chairman will at some time during his tenure write a serles of tutorials for the Journal on FORTH Imagine the reason for this Is that he can t think of anything else to write about except what he knows best Well this Chairman Is different have seen what can be done in FORTH but know Ol da lee squat when It comes to actually writing a FORTH program It was my original motive when helped reconstitute the FORTH S 1 G to learn how to write In FORTH So I m golng to start my tenure with a column on what know least writing a FORTH program hope that as learn may spark the curiosity of some readers Into exploring more about this interesting language The following FORTH word shows some of t
63. PFS Quick guide contains over 50 step by step g procedures for no guesswork no wasting time and quick reference Many procedures not found File Report B in PFS manual like how to use an Epson Okidata Prowriter NEC Gemini or Apple dot matrix Graph Write printer Also contains two tutorials for business and education The MINUTE MANUAL is 8 E THE MINUTE MANUAL FOR APPLE WRITER e has a proven track record in B getting you started word processing without the need to read computer Minute Manual software and printer manuals for E The book contains step by step instructions for the seven basic procedures and advanced B procedures Many procedures will not be found in the original manuals forty pages of step by Apple Writer e step instructions explaining how to use Apple Writer e with the Epson FX MX Gemini a 10 10X Okidata Apple DMP Prowriter and NEC 8023A dot matrix printers An entire 1 chapter explains the most difficult problems of printing and formatting The most useful computer book you ll buy this year ISBN 0 913131 01 6 7 95 WEEN EE On your mark get set enter any printing code with a single keystroke Glossary M This disk contains separate glossary files of print commands for each of the following dot Disk B matrix printers Epson MX FX Gemini 10 10X Apple DMP Imagewriter Prowriter NEC for E 8023A and Okidata Access any print code with a single keystroke within Apple Writer e or T M 4 Also contains F
64. Perhaps a heavier paper will Improve the carbon appearance see The most disappointing aspect however appears to be a cable problem can not print more than a half a page before get what looks like a buffer overflow Could it be that the cable is missing a eruclal control iine Can anyone out there comment 4 September 1984 A YS THE SPEEDEMON Back in December we responded to an ad for a rival to the Saturn Accelerator card After many promises over a six month period a sample unit has been sent for inspection This product at a list price of 295 is advertised to give your Apple a 3 1 2 times speed increase Its relatively low cost is due to the fact that the card uses the Apple s own memory The WAP has not done a group purchase on Saturn Acclerators in part because the only avallable model was allt only product The Speedemon is advertised to be l e compatible It does appear to work on either the il or ll e however It seems to have problems using some RAM chips and 16K cards It did however give a greatly improved game from Sargon II by running 3 1 2 times faster Until we understand the extent of the memory compatibility problem we will not arrange a group purchase although the MCT company has expressed an interest in working with us Stay tuned for more information TUTORIALS This fall we wilt restart our regular Tuesday night tutorials You wiil find an outline of the four evenings In this month
65. REE the alternate character set to do sub superscripts on the Apple DMP Apple Writer B Also explains how to patch Apple Writer e to use NUL code to UNDERLINING and He amp H SUPERSCRIPTS on the Epson MX and Gemini printers Also find out how to use your F printer s foreign characters special symbols and graphics characters in Apple Writer 14 95 The Apple Version explains step by step the six basic operating procedures Minute Manual advanced procedures WPL procedures and EPSON MX printing procedures mod 80 column board monitor extra memory and more Also contains First User s Guide To Word Processing Get the Glossary Disk to get printing codes for Epson FX Gemini 10X Prowriter Apple DMP Imagewriter NEC 8023A and Okidata ISBN 0 913131 00 8 7 95 8 for B Also explains how to enhance the Apple J to do word processing lower case chip shift key Apple Writer a ai Version 3 for Apple l and e d Minute Manual B This book provides a straightforward and practical approach to learning and using one of the for E most powerful and popular data base programs for the Apple Computer Contains practical DB Master H explanations informative tutorials and sound advice along with step by step instructions for B creating and using a data base Two tutorials take you through the powerful features of 12 95 searching sorting report generation and file restructuring and reblocking ISBN 0 913131 0
66. TOR SERI ALL SERIAL x SILVER REED 400 LETTER AMBER 99 00 INTERFACE CARD 149 00 QUALITY PRINTER 308 00 SyNCO 12 INCH MONITOR 80 COLUMN CARD VIEWMASTER WITH SOFT SWITCH 139 00 TRANSTAR 120 LETTER AMBER 84 00 i CENTAURI APS b SiveR REED BED LETTER MODE ABRET Z 80 CARD oo 89i QUALITY PRINTER 469 00 2 80 PLUS CARD STARWRITER A 10 18CPS REM CPM FOR APPLE 115 00 LETTER QUALITY PRINTER WITH SOFTWARE 152 00 109 00 FAST 2 80 CARD a BESTBUY 549 00 e CENTAURI INTERNAL 300 BAUD sage APPLICARD 245 00 TOSHIBA 1340 DOT MATRIX AND MODEM 479 00 TIMEMASTER II CLOCK CALENDAR LETTER QUALITY COMBINED 795 00 PRO MODEM 1200 389 00 CARD 109 00 S PROWRITER DOT MATRIX SIGNALMAN MARK XII 279 00 SPECIAL PERIPHERALS sd PRINTER 349 00 GRAPHICS DEVICES S EPS EXPANSION KEYBOARD OKI DATA MICROLINE POWER PAD STARTER KIT 119 00 he A 92A DOT MATRIX INCLUDES EXTRA MODULE 280 00 x De Tem VIDEO amp DISPLAY EQUIPMENT COOLING FAN WITH SURGE x PRINTER 399 00 DIGITIZER 299 00 PROTECTOR 39 00 PRINTER INTERFACES AND B amp W CAMERA 195 00 ACCESSORIES UPS shipping M amp STANDARD PARALLEL r INTERFACE CARD wn SPECIAL eh Ei GRAPHICS PARALLEL INTERFACE CARD 75 00 COMPOSITE COLOR per printer or monitor Z FINGERPRINT PUSH BUTTON MONOCHROME MONITOR GRAPHICS INTERFACE CARD 119 00 nm Tr M PRINTT PUS
67. Y Washington Apple Pi The Journal of Washington Apple P1 Ltd Volume 6 September 1984 Number 9 Forth Programming opreadsheet Benchmark Anatomy of Pascal Code Files Mac Software Sampler In This Issue Eed Start Edbharla 2 43 ap Am 5 President s Corner David Morgansteln WAP Hot ine H LJ J Minutes General Information Classifleds WAG Galerdat Of Events q cs sw EE 9935 D SiN qi w a s v ie see v e Bruce Fa Pieig VisiColumn Spreadsheet Speed Walt Francis 10 A Page From the Stack Robert C Platt 12 Hardware Helpers Event Queue SlGNews 14 Middle East Mac e e o Johnathan H Ward 15 Sig Mac News es es ee Ellen Le Bouwkamp 16 Mac Sormare Semler lt 5 ws Neng can 18 Anatomy of Pascal Code File Tom Sawyer 21 Strictly Forth Sort Chester H Page 24 Forth Answers the Challenge Charlle Brown 25 Forth A Sample Prime Number Pgm Kevin Nealon 28 Calling CompuServe with Apple Hobart S Cable 29 EdS G News ee a wow Ss amp Gi e is Peter Combes 30 Apple 11 Text Page Bomb e ee Tom Vier 51 Disabled SIG News e ee Jay Thal 32 Spreadsheet 2 0 s amp s 6 Leon H Raesly 33 Your Own Apple Bulletin Board Tom Warrick 34 Telecom SIG News s e e es George Klnal 35 Hacker Arithmetic ese ee se Dr Rowdy Software Plracy amp Users Rights e Gaplfol PC 3
68. You might want to read the series on FORTH by Bill Wurzel in the May July 1983 WAP Journal and suggest you also look in on the FORTHSIG which meets at the WAP office at 1 00 on the third Saturday of each month Now let s get on to the FORTH words which can be used to produce all possible permutations of n letters The first two words define a factorial function since the number of permutations of n distinct objects is nizn n 1 2 1 Notice that you can define the factorial function recursively nizn n 1 l This is how we shall define the factorial word as a word which calls Itself The two words we need are Washington Apple Pi MYSELF LATEST PFA CFA IMMEDIATE FACTORIAL DUP 2 IF DROP 1 ELSE DUP 2 IF ELSE Dip L MYSELF THEN THEN The word FACTORIAL computes the factorial of the number which is on the top of the stack for people unfamiliar with FORTH see the series by BIIt Wurzel it explains concepts of the language such as the stack This factorial word is defined in terms of itself in its definition the word MYSELF causes execution of the word currently being defined in this case the word FACTORIAL This word MYSELF is an auxiliary word which can be used to make recursive definitions it is used again in another word Now we shall define some words which will be used to manipulate strings CSTORE DO 2DUP C8 SWAP C 1 1 O LOOP INSERT STRING DUP IF DUP gt R O CSTORE R gt ELSE THEN gt R
69. a benefit of membership Current Office hours are Monday Friday 10 AM to 2 30 PM Tues amp Thurs 7 to 9 30 PM Saturday t AM to 12 30 PM except meeting Sat 12 00 to 3 30 PM meeting Sat only Classifieds APPLE WOMEN The Comm Center In Laurel Maryland Is offering a new course It s your turn Apples for Women The class wil be taught by Pat McCoy on Monday Sept 10 from 6 30 to 9 00 Call 953 7887 for detalis MODULA 2 GROUP PURCHASE The WAP Board has ts trying fo become a licensed distributor of Volition System s Modula 2 package Although a price has not yet been set It will be substantially below other mall order prices Call PlG member Bob Masso for detalis Home 703 698 0147 or Work 202 785 8400 ext 250 PLAY DIPLOMACY by E MAIL if Interested contact Bob Masso hm 705 698 0147 would like to get several games golng simultaneously All you require Is access to a 300 baud modem and a deep seated desire to conquer the European Continent FOR SALE Dow Jones Market Manager a portfollo manager program Sells tor 299 Bargaln at 150 or best offer Apple Including good resolution 12 TV with rf modulator shift key modification 16K RAM card for a total of 64K Apple disk drive all in ood working order with same warranty as If new rice 60 of lowest price you can find advertised Call Newt Steers 9 30am 9 30pm 301 320 5820 FOR SALE Electrohome 12 green monitor Like new Best offer
70. acintosh September 1984 13 HREDURRE If you and or peripheral have agreed to help equipment the the Hardware Helper just how involved he becomes may only actively parts assist Tilghman Broaddus Rt 1 Box 246 Mechanicsville YA 23001 804 779 2553 till 10 J T Tom DeMay Jr 4524 Tuckerman Street Riverdale MD 20737 301 779 4632 till 11 Lyman Hewins Route 2 Box 26 Leonardtown MD 20650 301 475 9563 til 11 Bob Kosciesza 2301 Douglas Court Silver Spring MD 20902 301 933 1896 till 10 Richard Rowell 1906 Valley Stream Drive Rockville MD 20851 301 770 5260 7 11 202 651 5816 9 4 Ron Waynant 13101 Claxton Drive Laurel MD 20708 301 776 7760 7 10 30 e d G N T Washington suggest things for you to do or in cleaning removing or Gene Cartier 6026 Haverhill Court Springfield VA 22152 703 569 8450 till 10 Bruce Field 1402 Grandin Avenue Rockville MD 20851 301 340 7038 til 10 Pete Jones 1121 N Arlington Blvd N Arlington VA 22209 703 430 1606 7 10 Mark Pankin 1018 North Cleveland St Arlington VA 22201 703 524 0937 til 10 Jim Taylor 16821 Briardale Road Derwood MD 20855 301 926 7869 till 10 Dave Weikert 17700 Mill Creek Drive Derwood MD 20855 301 926 4461 7 10 ex LELIE Apple Pi meets on the 4th Saturday usual pisei are having hardware problems with your Apple following persons It will
71. al ler groups help each of us to get to know one another better To that end a sign up sheet was passed around to begin Mac Teas See the article on this topic elsewhere In this Journal On Thursday August 16 at 7 00 pame Mac owners In the Reston area will meet at the Community Center Contact C Greenspan at 703 860 1284 for further Information about this group REMINDER StgMac meetings have changed to the second Saturday of each month The next meeting will be on Sept 8 See July s SigMac column Mitchel Jaffee wil provide a lecture at a future meeting on the utilities In the Inside Mac supplement There are currently 2 disks fn the supplement The August 1984 version has three disks and has been malted to a few people Inside Mac and Its supplements are described In previous columns LIBRARY The WAP office Is the proud owner of a new Mac This Mac may be used to review business software In the WAP Library Only Multiplan by Microsoft is available DS In order to assure that this one and only Mac Is n use when you come to the office phone for an appolntment before you come The Library will no handle nonbusiness related software Donations will be welcomed with Joy At the suggestion of a member Mac languages will be put In the WAP Commercial Software Library If cooperation from thelr producers Js achieved Washington Apple Pi 3 d GROUP BUYS SigMac members who bought MacFORTH through the group
72. arly CB First non zero for Integer Basic Russlan clty for demo temptation Quick British thank you Base of Applesoft LOG WAP 001 CP M monitors a movie Sharpen September 1984 E SL ch Zeen CS ed e Pd KT GE SOP S e d Se Dow OOGEISOOHEWEUN ITS Ke Eat Bebe 254 GC d y La L q Vee sede SA De D S e S Ge Bil We E E ese PSSS de Sed ES OR ERN e LPS KPO oe Xp dx 7 S d Q Ye d Le M E ME NZ MEE d de Ko d C Roman abb TV s biggest star Indefinite one Integer Basic changes the finish Fem sheep Bob with Steve Annoy Applesoft multiple branch Assembled for King Arthur MID HEBREW 2 2 A modest wager by a hacker Service with this at the office Domain of Warrick Member Ister S 100 Text ends here VA CAI ploneer German water starts Group Purchase leader Go round and round to some purpose The statement Is negative Not and Monitor alternative to CRT Contalner for Steve s present 28 down continued Office Worker Goes Forth The office and the magaz ne are this Belleve It Archeologist looks Into program Way for PRODOS or Graphics Maglclan Cassette Joaders were used to this The program started at least Japanese game for two Vlce President Is this on the board Washington Apple Pi Want to Learn more About vour Apple T
73. be a tedious task The l lg version of the Finder Is used In the latest Think Tank it Is available at a discount from Sts 150 ist price The opinion of the members Is that Th Ink Tank has Imlted usefulness IST BASE This program is a relational database management system with the capability of merging two files with a common column or tleld To avold database maintenance and Integrity problems merged files should be used only for reports Ist Base does not support calculations or logic functions If one sorts on a fleld one must use all the records number of entries In that fleid there Is no way of defining a subfleld unless you set up a separate database Main Street Filer has the capability of sorting on elther first or last name this can occur In Ist Base If these are defined as two separate flelds Main Street Filer will do crude computations THE CREATOR The Creator ls an MS BASIC based public domain flat file database management program It is pub Ished by TNT Software 34069 Halnesvllle Road Round Lake IL 60073 for 35 00 Although It was demonstrated at th s meeting no member has been able to get It to work If It can be made to operate it will be Included on a future Mac disk A separate 100 page documentation booklet can be obtained for 11 00 DI VINCI This MacPalnt application program published by Hayden Software Inc Is a collection of three disks The disk portrays Interiors and exteriors and
74. be at the discretion of he may replacing ly of each month at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences USUHS Building B 4301 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda MD on the campus of the National Naval Medical Center Library transactions journal pickup memberships etc are from 8 45 10 00 AM From 9 00 to 10 00 AM there is an informal Help session in the auditorium The main meeting starts promptly at 10 00 at which time all sales and services close so that volunteers can attend the meet ing A sign interpreter and reserved seating are provided for the hearing impaired Following are dates and topics for upcoming months September 22 October 27 November 24 December 15 Appleworks Walt Mossberg Graphics Packages Panel Discussion New Microprocessors for the Apple Garage Sale The Executive Board of Washington Apple Pi meets on The second Wednesday of each month at 7 30 PM at the office All members are welcome to attend Some times an atternate date Is selected Cal the office for any late changes 14 September 1984 CH co e c SFO En BEA APPLE SIG meets on the second Thursday of the month at 7 30 PM The next meeting will be on Septem ber 9 at Walter Reed Institute of Research From 16th Street entrance go 3 4 around circle Go in North entrance of the 4 story brick building on your right and ask the guard for Room 3092 APPLESEEDS is the younger members meeting special i
75. buy were treated to recelpt of thelr purchase af the meet Ing In response to complaints about the lack of Information about procedures for and types of Items being procured by a group buy members were fold that Information can be obtained only from the office or the ABBS or by attending meetings Group buys will be held open two weeks after announcement If you have an Interest In an Item call the office and let them know the manufacturer s name address and phone number and Information about the Item Sunrise Computers sells second disk drives for a substantial discount Their address Js 2625 Phlladelphla Avenue Norland Shopping Center P O Box 462 Chambersburg PA 17201 717 267 1341 Frederick Computers has a sale 20 percent off until the end of August Slnce the second drives can be bought af a reasonable price there wil not be a group buy for these If you are Interested In buying a Mac contact Kevin In the office who Is malntalning a list You must have been a member for 90 days to be eligible for group buys of computers There are plenty of SlgMac disks 1 to 5 available If your copy of any WAP disks are defective please return them to the office for exchange A new member Mac disk will be out at the end of the year SERVICE CONTRACTS Members who are considering service contracts should obtain them before thelr warranty runs out so they will not be charged an Inspection fee by the serv Ice company One can expect
76. chase Software for Creative Living Members 6 00 ea Non members 9 00 ea remainder Members 5 00 ea Non members 8 00 ea DOS 3 3 contd Volume 104 Business A Volume 105 FIG FORTH Utilities Volume 106 Science Engineering Volume 107 Games B Volune 108 IAC 10 Graphics Volume 109 IAC 11 Applesoft Tutorial Volune 110 Personal Educat ton Volume 111 Games C Volume 112 Utilities C Volume 113 Business B Volume 115 IAC 12 13 Misc Volume 116 IAC 14 Micromodem I Volume 117 Picture Packer Volume 118 Utilities D Volume 119 IAC 15 Misc Volume 120 IAC 16 Misc Volume 121 WAPABBS 1 1 Doc Volume 122 IAC 17 Misc Volune 123 French Vocabulary Volume 124 Utilities E Volume 125 IAC 18 Misc Volume 126 Sights and Sounds Volune 127 Math Sctence Volume 128 Games D Volume 129 GLAQ Yolune 130 Diversi DOS Volume 131 Personal Educ 2 Volume 132 IAC 19 Utilities F Volume 133 IAC 20 Pascal amp DOS 3 3 Volume 134 New Merbers Disk Volume 135 WAPABBS 1 1 Disk Volume 136 WAPABBS 1 1 Disk 2 Volume 137 IAC 21 Spreadsheet A Volume 138 IAC 23 Utilities 6 Volume 139 IAC 24 Education 3 Volume 140 Education 4 Volume 141 Special Data Bases Volume 142 IAC 28 Pinball Games Volune 143 Sports Volume 144 IAC 27 Applesoft Prog Volume 145 Apple Logo Tool Kit Volume 146 Apple Logo Sample Prog Volume
77. d 703 893 9591 Telecomm SIG meeting Disk Drives regular WAP d ConTreller Cards 50 150 COMPACT HALF HEIGHT HIGH QUALITY DIRECT DRIVE 6 month warranty Special purchase quantities limited add 3 shipping 4 VA tax as req usually meets after the 703 SYSTEMS SERVICES COMPANY 435 1125 Shannon Place 3896 Herndon VA 22070 Washington Apple Pi AEN Middle East Mac by Johnathan H Ward Saudi Arabla isn t exactly the kind of place you would expect to be in on the latest trends in computer wizardry at least that s what thought before first came here In 1982 However I ve been impressed with the amount of gadgets that are avallable for a price Most of the Americans here In the Eastern Province are engineers and a great deal of the expats have or want computers Sales prices in the local computer stores aren t cheap usually being at least twice the U S list price Therefore the Americans here are hungry for bargains and will go to extremes to satisfy their cravings for computers For example two years ago nearly 100 people in my company pooled fheir resources to organize a group purchase of Hong Kong Apples we real Apple owners were delighted to see the kinds of problems these people had first In getting their machines to work and second n trying to get them back into the States Most of us end up going on high tech buying sprees in the States on our annual vacations but even this has Its
78. d have been some what successful In modifying It to drive a C Itoh 8510 printer Other software for the AppleMouse wll be avallable soon hope AppleWorks would sure be nice with a mouse Interface I m sure many games could be easll converted to use the mouse Including many on our WA library disk The MouseHouse environment Construction Set would make a wonderful programming tool Are you listening BHII Budge Who should buy the AppteMouse Programmers software developers and those Ilke the early MacIntosh buyers who are adventurous and see a lot of potential but are willing to walt for end user turn key software products to appear 100 IF X gt 559 THEN X 559 110 IF Y gt 191 THEN Y 191 Just think for just over a hundred dollars you could 120 HPLOT TO X Y be alrbrushIng rubber banding and polygon filling on your own computer 48 September 1984 Washington Apple Pi fe e se e fe e e fe ee e e e fe de e e e e e fe e de he e eee eie he e e e e de ee e dee de e ee eode de de de eoe dede e oe dede ee fe eoe RR RR e de de ede A A d d d x Denotes new price or item WE CAN SPECIAL ORDER MOST SOFTWARE AT DISCOUNT PRICES 6327 WESTERN AVE NW WASHINGTON DC 20015 xe fe fe RBRSEASESZESSSARLAZASELESASZASZASZEARRLER SAREE eode ode oe eoe eee eoe Poe dee e e e dee de ed d o dede SALES EE SE SY as S S a A 4 A A A x A A
79. d 703 241 8678 Raymond Hobbs 301 490 7484 Dottie Acton 301 428 3605 Donn Hoffman 202 966 2616 Languages contd SEL LISP Math O R Appins Operating Systems Apple 00S CP M ProD0s Paddles Printers General Anderson Jacobson Apple Dot Matrix Daisywriter 2000 IDS 460 Imagewriter MX 80 NEC 8023 Okidata Silentype Spreadsheets Lotus 1 2 3 Multiplan VisiCalc Spreadsheet 2 0 MagiCalc Statistical Packages Stock Market Tax Preparer H Soft Time Sharing Word Processors Apple Writer II Executive Secretary Format II Gutenberg Letter Perfect Magic Window and II Peach Text PIE Writer Apple PIE ScreenWriter II Supertext II Word Handler Work Juggler e Word Star software Try again Bruce Field packages for which you returned Ron Murray eve Fred Naef Mark Pankin Richard Langston Richard Unt ied Robert Fretwell Ray Hobbs Richard Langston Tom Riley eve Walt Francis Bill Etue Leon Raesly Joan B Dunham Henry Greene Jeff Stetekluh Scott Rullman Jeff Dillon Bill Mark Fred Feer Scott Rullman Bruce Field Leon Raesly Walt Francis Malt Francis Roy Rosfeld Terry Prudden Walt Francis Leon Raesly Leon Raesly Jim Carpenter Mark Pankin Robert Wood Leon Raesly Dave Harvey Walt Francis Doug Daje Dianne Lorenz Leon Raesly Louis Biggie Henry Donahoe Neil Muncy Cara Cira Leon Raesly Joyce C Little Carl Eisen Jim Gra
80. d only for storing five byte decimal numbers the hypothetical storage matrix is reduced fo 256 by 51 And of course a program is needed to manipulate that matrix Program memory management and disk operating system overhead can typically eat up two thirds of a 64K memory leaving memory storage only big enough for a decimal matrix of about 80 by 50 If formulas etc are needed to define relationships between numbers in the matrix they take up additional memory Is it any wonder that you are always running out of room in spreadsheet programs Now that you understand true hacker ar i thmet ic don t be afraid to arm yourself with an ASCII code conversion chart and go adventuring into the realm of the hacker Dr Rowdy is the pseudonym of a part time hacker who wishes to hide from fellow hackers his concern for lost In the jargon beginners Washington Apple Pi Software Piracy amp Users Rights trom tne Capitol PC Monitor by Don Withrow There s been a lot in the news lately about copy protec tion schemes software piracy and users rights Two months ago wrote about the software pirate who shares copyrighted and licensed software with others illegally thereby adding fuel to the vendor community s fire that copy protection is necessary Last month I spoke of some problems caused by vendors copy protection schemes for the honest user attempting to take full advantage ol his PC investment It should be apparent
81. don 4Otk ses 1099 VisiCalc W I ease 179 Color I 13 279 PRINTEKS Bank Street Writer 46 Nec Transtar 120 LO 435 Dollars amp Sense 68 Green 12 119 Dynax DX15 L0 359 Sensible Speller 83 Amber 12 149 Emith Cor TF I1I L 0 479 Pie Writer eee 99 Color RGB 395 Abati 2OP LO ss esse 389 Handler Fack W L S 89 Sakata Colar 229 Okidata 92 Near LO 42 Incredible Jack 119 BMC Fanasonic F1090 289 Miner 2049er 29 Color 13 oo 229 Gemini 10X 269 Chess Chkr Odin 99 Green 12 OF DISPLAY INTERFACE CARDS Flight Simulator II 38 Zenith Orange Interface 62 ACCESSORIES Green 12 5 BY Grappler es 148 Dana Fan surge pro 43 Amber 12 99 GrafStarssereseseerereeS 65 Surge Pro amp outlets 27 MODEMS Tackler Far Gr 99 Wabash Disk SSDD 15 Haves Micromodem Ile 239 Videaterm 80 col 197 Verbatim Disk SSDD 2 Novation Cat 1 1539 Ultraterm e 259 Paper 2 7k White 3C Novation Cat II 239 1 5 Group Volume Call Covers Surge Mac Fac 5 Frometheus 1200 3569 Md Residents add Si sales tax Shipping amp Handling Add 2 00 per software Call to order 301 972 8578 Minimum charge 2 00 Allow 2 weeks for delivery Write Enclose MO Cert or personal check payable tot
82. e which may be anywhere within a block It would seem that knowing the first byte is enough but actually the last byte is more important This last shall be first idea is central to the way Pascal code is executed About STACKS These are data structures on which data is piled as it enters so that the last piece in is the first out there are no rear or side doors LIFO last in first out is a member in good standing of the programmer s alphabet soup diet Although we conceive of stacks as having a top and a bottom they are really stored upside down in the memory The top of the stack is at the lowest address in the memory Since a codefile program is loaded into the memory from the top down the last byte in is at the top of the stack I didn t design this method of the bottom is the top so suggest you mentally turn the codefile upside down to see that the last byte is where it all begins Backing up to the beginning The second step in the program is to locate the procedures in each segment So far the program has read the segment dictionary and found the starting address and the length of each segment Add the two and you have the location of the last first byte in the segment s code That byte tells the number of procedures in the segment The byte just before it is the segment number This is preceeded by a pair of bytes for each procedure in the segment These are the offsets and tell you where each procedure ends
83. e Dro gram s package Is that the manual and reference card are somewhat hidden In the left flap of the package not over It but In It Is the manual All In ali this seems to be a nice program If you play In me National Symphony Orchestra or If you know about music from your cat walking across the plano keys than this program Is for you If you re Interested In getting a Mockingboard for 25 00 off It s also for you Don t buy MCS just to get a good deal on the board MCS costs more than the discount In other words this program is for anyone with an Apple and any Interest in music DD DOON DON Coke OONCAANDDDOODONDEONNDOBENNDANE SBEEBEEREEEEEDEEPDEEEEEOEDEE BEE EREECHEN i COMPUTA ELECTRONIC EE Ho FURNITURE SALE p ERE FO R ELIA BMtEsMiBiEsRSS ODE SES HE gt P r 7 1 Ed SAVE 202 OFF LIST PRICE E BBE Just bring this ad or your club ID to qualify EES DEE OUR SHOWROOM IS LOCATED AT BEE SEE 1042 ROCKVILLE PIKE ROCKVILLE MD EES BEE Future Furniture ry The Complete Electronics Furniture Center BEE DO EE cat 340 1106 SCH SEEDBODPPODPD DELIELICDLUDDEDUL DOOOODODDD OOOCCOOOCOODCCOOOOODODOOODOCOUDDOODODDOOODDOCODOCOCOOODOOODODOUOOD Washington Apple Pi September 1984 45 Tutorials for New Apple Owners Course Outlines by Bruce Field Tom Warrick and Bob Platt Our serles of four monthly tutorials wit be beginning agaln In September on Tuesday evenings from 7 30 to 9 00 PM at the office We have revi
84. e October 1984 W A P meeting Let EFHutton talk to your computer e Huttonline Investment Briefs e Hutton Research information e Electronic Mail A new low cost service will turn your personal computer into a powerful investment tool using the same data communications facilities that E F Hutton uses in its worldwide network Contact George V Hart E F Hutton amp Company 1825 Eye Street N W Suite 1000 Washington D C 20006 202 331 2587 or 800 368 5811 STOCK QUOTES NOW AVAILABLE 7 50 HR Washington Apple P ON i Telecom Sig by George Kinal gt iha Telecom SIG was held after the WAP meeting on July Other questions asked mainly pertained to CP M 281h and because George Klnal was cut of town the meeting was conducted by Dave Harvey The meeting commun cat tons One question was how do you unpack toples that were discussed were Ideas on what the files Kc ie been der ie doin leads sets ars a number of answers to s question ne was tha oe e ihe WAP ABBS and a there were flles on the WAP CP M disks such as genera UNSQUEEZE that could be used to do this Someone Ise suggested a program called M SWEEP that did a In regard to future BBS requirements In past 9 decus s ont the use of the MOLECULAR Computer was EE lath MAA e Is avallable for downloading sugqested and In answer to the question whether anyone rom e Laurel CP M BBS at 301 955 5755 had heard of these Molecular Computers someone
85. e Washington DC 822 8168 Y reacted to the letter with the attitude that it was just more empty promises put the Mac in the back of my mind got a phone call on July 31 from Rlyadh House that September 1984 15 Washington Apple Pi eptem Reports from Sig Mac Meeting Formats New Software by Ellen L Bouwkamp The July Meeting My thanks to Steve Hunt for filling tn for me May 26th so could enjoy my trip to Charlottesville The unoffictal start of the July 28th Included Informal demonstrations of software In the corner of the cafeterla This reporter overheard excellent as a comment about Presentation Graphics and the Apple Macintosh by Steve Tamberf TTS BOOR retas Tor 18 95 but Ir can be purchased at a discount at certain local stores According to the SlgMac meeting enraptured commentor the book very clearly cuti Ines the uses of Microsoft Chart it Is publ ished by Microsoft Press 10700 Northup Way Bellevue 4 98004 Offlclally the meeting began with an IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT Beginning August 11 SlgMac wil be meeting on the SECOND SATURDAY OF THE MONTH at the USUHS Auditorium This change was precipitated by the rapidly Increasing size of SlgMac ThIs reporter estimated more than 80 people at the July 28 meeting Future meetings wlil have the following format Help Session 9 00 10 00 a m Disk sales wll also take place at this time Don Landing and Steve Hunt will continue thelr Invaluabl
86. e question and answer session during this hour Program 10 00 noon Suggestions for programs are being solicited Please direct your requests to Tom Warrick Suggestions provided on July 28th Included a review of MacBASIC that Rich Norling will conduct review of hard disks pros and cons of Mac orlented perlodicals how to hook up a lle to a Mac a brainstorming session what do Mac users want In software and an evaluation of MacPalnt related software e g QuickDraw MacP Ic Programming meetings wil continue on the second Thursday of the month at 7 30 p m However there Is a room change Check with the guard when you enter the USUHS BuTiding to find out which room Is belng used Our office Ifbrary copy of Inside Mac has arrived This willl be available to all bu forewarned It Is very hard to understand and harder to use Rumor has It that an updated version of Inside Mac Is due early next year WAP will be ordering a Mac for the office we will also be able to purchase a good video projector to use with the Mac There are a Limited number of such projectors which meet our needs Our goal Is to have one for the September meeting For the August 11 meeting we wlll attempt a video camera technique Plans are being readled for another Mac group buy Detalls are as yet unevafTable ere are several Hopefully wide screen 16 September 1984 5 EN more local area dealers Interested than for the previou
87. e s Secrets 31 Infidel 34 Disk Recovery 21 Hands on BASIC Prog 54 Jump Jet 21 DOS Boss 17 Ordering Instructions KinderComp 21 Kabul Spy 24 Double Take 24 Specify Il Ile 1lc Learning w Fuzzywomp 21 Knight of Diamonds 24 Doubletime Printer 68 Maryland residents add 5 sales tax Lucky s Magic Hat 28 Mating Zone 21 Editrix 51 Shipping and handling 3 per order Mastering the College Bds 119 Napoleon s Campaign 43 EPF 55 No charges or COD s Mastering the SAT 102 Odin 34 Fontrix 51 Prices subject to change Mastertype 28 Old Ironsides 28 Frame Up 20 Call for items not listed COMPUTER WARE UNLIMITED P O Box 1247 Columbia MD 21044 301 854 2346 Washington Apple Pi September 1984 4l The VALue of STRings by J T Tom DeMay Jr It has been quite some time since we last h anything about the FILE CABINET programs Could kk that they have been cast aside tn favor of new more glamorous software i m not so sure suspect there are many WAP members who stil use them and probably some newer APPLE owners who don t even know what they are For the latter group FILE CABINET was originally distributed free by APPLE COMPUTER INC as pert of VOLUME 3 of the APPLE SOFTWARE BANK OF ONTRIBUTED PROGRAMS In 1978 The only catch was you had to have a disk drive to use It At that time most APPLE computer users were still storing programs on cassette tape Only the hardcore users spent the extra money for a disk drive At any rate It was a
88. eld 202 265 4040 Ed Lang Jim amp Nancy Little LISASIG Gordon Stubbs 703 750 0224 Terry Prudden Bruce Redding LOGOSIG Nancy Strange 703 691 1619 Gordon Stubbs SIG Mac Tom Warrick 301 656 4389 New Disks Bob Platt 202 223 1588 NEWSIG Bernie Benson 301 951 5294 Pascal Lib Mike Hartman 301 445 1583 Pascal PIG Harry Bishop 703 931 4937 CP M Lib Jim Harvison 301 593 2993 Head Reading Lib Walt Francis 202 966 5742 PI SIG Raymond Hobbs 301 490 7484 Apple Tea Coord Paula Benson 202 546 0076 STOCKSIG Robert Wood 703 893 9591 Telecomm SIG George Kinal 202 546 7270 to do all the things that our Editor would never us get away with regular columns never the Journal Washington Apple P1 Ltd 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 Bethesda MO 20814 Office 301 654 8060 ABBS 301 986 8085 24 hours day ABBS Buy and Sell 301 871 7978 7 30 PM to 7 30 AM Copyright 1984 Washington Apple Pi Ltd EDITORIAL Bernle Urban s vacatlon provides an excellent excuse let Some of these sins Include using Mac generated headlines and organizing the Journal Into separate departments for SIGs Forth the Mac and But the one thing that Bernie would tolerate would be a tribute to him appearing In Who can pass up the perfect opportunity WAP must thank Bernle for his attempts to turn International for Apple User Clubs fhe Apple Core Into a viable support group A
89. elect modem or printer connect lon The following applies to Softcard CP M version 2 23 so called 60K CP M The disk to be patched should have DDT COM from the system master disk on it Run ODT type DOT Use the DDT S command on location F392 changing it from the value 55 to 69 1 Type SF392 cr 2 Screen should display F392 55 3 Type 69 cr 4 Type ctri C to exit DDT This changes the LPT vector to point to the same location as the PUNch device slot 2 Use a ctri C to exit from DOT If your needs are temporary this quick modification In memory Is all that is needed Try It type ctri P which will activate the printer If you want to permanently incorporate this modification onto the system tracks of a CP M disk then you should run MBASIC CONFIGIO again from the system master and follow the prompted Instructions to write the 1 0 Configuration Block to disk command 4 Now this patched operating system will always have slot 2 as the LIST printer device Q am interested in an expansion board similar to one heard Mountain Computer used to make Do you know anything about it Is Mountain Computer still In business The board I m talking about Is actually a box that has about seven additional slots for the Apple iis peripheral boards How does it work Is home made Does slots or cen all It worth the trouble Can one be it switch between two banks of 7 15 slots be used at one time
90. end my days Macdoodling rather than damning By the way In case you were wondering have two Macs now in addition to my 11 one on my mother s desk in Lorton and one here with me plan to move back to the D C area next year and l il probably sell my Saudi Mac before leave that Is unless my wife falls in love with need two around the house it and decides we Jonathan H Ward ARAMCO Box 10585 Ohahran Saud Arabla MacTeas WAP Is organizing a serles of informal get togethers for Mac owners These sessions are called what else MacTeas The following people have agreed to host such sessions within the next month Plese call the host nearest you to set up a date and time demonstrate the product s success to our competitors NEED A led to a Greg perlod when the Mac was al located NAME CITY PHONE LEADER exclusively to the U S market He also stated tha this decision had seriously affected ali their eres Anderson Mt Ranier Md 277 0386 N International marketing and sales efforts At least we Op elfman McLean VA 298 8686 N knew we weren t alone but one wonders how serious was Mike Moore Bowle Md 390 6468 N Apple s initial commitment to making the Mac an Martin Miirod Bowle Md 464 2154 Y international machine Mr Boring concluded by D I gie eed ee Md 299 9055 Y promising us delivery no later than August 10 with a RU p o ore ver Spg Md 585 4335 N smal gift to thank us for our patlence Most of us u5se e Strang
91. erged from these Ideas ls fallure a key motivator in arcade games one long Instead of six by BSAVETng L1019 3FB And to that seemed to last long after the meeting was relocate your program past page 2 you could make the officially over first line read Washington Apple P1 September 1984 31 Disabled Sig News New Hardware by Jay Thal ON OC 09 04 09 RE 4 3 RR RR ER X X NEW NEW Ist THURSDAY MEETING NEW NEW DISABLEDSIG SEPTEMBER MEETING THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 6 1984 7 00 P M Chevy Chase Community Center Connecticut Ave amp McKinley St N W D C RR RR ER X 9 9 93 9 X X X NR X 9 The August meeting resulted In a spirited discussion led by Roger Petersen and JIm Turr on the subject of Transparent Screen Emulation For the non slghted and visually Impaired the CRT which most of us rely on has ttle meaning However the CPU cares not at all what output device It drives and speech synthes ls or a brallie printer for exemples are equally acceptable to the CPU Both Roger and Jim are so thoroughly knowledgeable In the fleld and conversant with the products and thelr developers that anything could write Jn detall would be Inadequate However Jim and Roger have promised detalled articles for future Issues What can tell you at this point Is that Jim demonstrated the quality of speech attalnable through currently avallable speech synthesizers and discussed the PRINT IT card which he Is
92. es Bridge Road Bethesda MD Meeting Report Tuesday August 7 at 7 30 p m Human Factors Theory In Educational Software Dr Janice Morar lu Dr Morar lu took her degree In curriculum design at the University of Indiana and has worked In a varlety of positions dealing with the use of media with the handicapped particularly the hearing Impaired Her speclallty was end user Interaction with the media and she was drawn to the use of computers because of thelr offered versatility and Interactive potential She has worked a great deal in the design and production of educational programming but In her view the goal of true Interactive software has yet to be reached Her own design work Includes the program Zondar the Wizard a program to teach critical th Ink Ing Dr Morariu made a strong case for several people and In particular a speclalist designer and a programmer to be Involved In the production of any piece of educational software When program tend to stick with what know can do What Is needed Is a designer who will say want to see this happen and the programmer will go away and work out how to do t Both programming and designing are full t Ime occupations Or Morariu took her audience through a detailed analysis of rne Issues Involved In software des Ign Questions to be asked In any deslgn are What Is the task process that needs to be learned or practiced What are the required sk ls
93. even to the casual observer that both the vendor and the user have rights that are being violated What is not apparent is what s being done about it in a constructive manner that will be of mutual benefit to both the vendor and the user If you ve not seen evidence of a coordinated vendor user elfort to solve this apparent dilemma don t rush to get your eyes checked Until recently there has been none Sure the vendors have banded together and chipped in money and pledges to their software protection fund to seek legal remedies to the problems of piracy and copyright infringement but no one has stated the users case It s about time someone did just that If the vendors are reasonable people and for one think they are they ll listen to what we have to say because after all who do they suppose is going to buy their next generation of software systems Vendors cite user ignorance of the law as the true problem and say that education is the solution They are going to venture out among the users to spread the word agree ignorance is a big problem but users don t have a corner on the ignorance market The more that CPCUG officials look into this matter of copy protection and deal with vendors about it the more am convinced that most vendors are truly ignorant of the basic needs of their users If you ve read the license agreement and warranty disclaimers that accompany the software you ve purchased you ll discover quickly whose
94. expected directions 11 There are five additional major cursor moves avallable at least think that they are major HOMES The first is Control E This will HOME the cursor in the left hand top corner of your spreadsheet model Try It It s neat Next like Control C This will END HOME the cursor to the Rightmost lowest cel with data in your spreadsheet model This is partlcularly If your ready to print your full spreadsheet model Just go Control C Control E P and you will know the lowest rightmost corner for printing return to the HOME position and go to the print menu all with only three keystrokes JUMPS Have you ever wanted to go down several screenfuls but not exactly sure of where you needed the cursor to be Have you then wished you could jump a screen or half screen Well you can Just depress Control X to jump down 10 Rows a half screen movement or 2 Control X real fast for a full 20 rows a full screen movement To move the same half screen upward direction you are jump but in an Just depress Control W and there UNIQUE Another of the unique cursor movement commands is Control l This moves the cursor one column fo the right until you reach the end of the screen and then WRAPS to the first column of the next row below on the screen Kinda neat IN ADDITION There are seven additional cursor movement commands but don t find them quite as useful as these Let s l
95. f based on Improper Input contd on page 31 Washington Apple Pi visible errors E 3 Apple Text Page Bomb Threat by Tom Vier Editor s Note This article discusses the scratchpad memory found In the Apple Il II e and c These memory locations are a normal part of the Apple s RAM They are assigned for use by programs stored on ROM chips that reside on certain per Ipheral cards The articie explains how pro grammers attempting to modify page 1 for text or lo res graphics may accidentally affect the operat ton of their peripheral cards In last month s Q amp 4 A column Bruce warned of the dangers of PRINTIng outside of screen area Also to be avoided ts BLOADIng or dolng block memory moves Into text page These all can overwrite The 1 0 scratchpad areas wlth potentlally disasterous results Invalid data placed In these areas can wreck havoc See pages 51 125 and 156 In the new Reference Manual or pages 31 and 82 In the old one A safe alternative to this Is to BLOAD the text Into text page 2 or 3 or whichever and then move only the screen areas Into vlew on page 1 In the Monitor there Is a very useful subroutine for many text functions labelled BASCALC which when entered with the Ine number 0 17 In the A register places the the base address for that line In 28L AND 29H To move page 2 to page t you could use the following xx00 A2 17 LDX 17 xx02 8A TXA xx03 20 CI FB JSR FBCI BASC
96. f the strings are identical in thelr first N bytes If the question is Sl gt S2 then the answer Is YES if SI Is longer than 2 NID gt N2 but NO If NI lt N2 For the question SI lt S2 the answer is YES If NI lt N2 but NO fo NI gt N2 We need to preset a truth flag in such a way that if the loop is run through without a decision the preset flag Is correct The asymmetry of the N N comparison introduces complications unless we adopt the simple trick of defining gt and then lt SWAP gt Or the converse followed by SWAP In FORTH there Is no advantage of one of these over the other but if we wish to speed up the sort with a mach Ine language comparison routine we note that a 6502 processor has BCC and BCS branch comparisons These correspond to NI gt N2 giving a strong advantage to defining lt as the basic comparison The EXCHANGE always Involved in a sort becomes the exchange of addresses held by two pointers We must continually distinguish between the addresses P of the pointers in the list and the addresses S of the strings pointed to Usig PI P2 as the addresses of two pointers whose strings are being compared and S S2 as me addresses ot those strings The ent irely FORTH program follows SCR 60 O STRICTLY FORTH SORT 1 O VARIABLE FLAG 2 2READ2 SI S2 S2 S2 NI N2 NI N2 3 2DUP C8 SWAP 2DUP 4 SHORT STRING SI S2 S1 S2 N 2READ2 lt IF ELSE O ENDIF 5
97. for graphics Each newly defined word can be thought of as a subroutine or procedure to make the concept understandable to ail of you who are still using antique unsophisticated languages ike BASIC and Pascal When typed in at the terminal the subroutine defined by this word is executed or this new word can be used in the definition of other words thus bullding a dictionary of increasingly complex routines In my opinion this single feature makes FORTH a language well worth learning for all you programming freaks out there But this is not the only important aspect of FORTH it is also extremely fast don t know how many of you have become discouraged by BASIC s lack of speed had owned my lle for only a few months when began Thinking that wanted something that was faster first thought was to purchase a compiler but my cheap Charlie alter ego wouldn t let me shell out the necessary funds My next thought was to learn machine language the ultimate in speed But quickly learned that ML was understandable to only true aficionados of this mysterious art form and am not one of them Then came my Introduction to FORTH speeds similar to mach ine language and obtainable in a high level language which people like me can begin to understand have quickly become an enthusiastic devotee of this new language and hope my obvious enthusiam for FORTH has raised some interest out there causing some of you take a closer look
98. for th generat lon language FORTHI Forth Primes from page 28 Inform ourselves that N Js prime If the number Is less than zero J e a copy of our flag It simply drops the flag and the program Is done As you can see It Is very Important to know what Js on top of the stack at all times when you write a word Many FORTH dlalects supply a word that vil display what the stack Is doing when the word Js tested An advantage of FORTH Js that Is Is Interpreted so that when a word ls defined you are able to quickly see If It works properly This makes for fast debugging and Instant gratlf lcatlon There are many other features of FORTH that make It a good language viii try to elaborate on them In future columns If have managed to pique your curlosity the S 1 G meets the third Saturday of 1 00pm In the office FORTH each month at September 1984 29 Report from EdSig Human Factors by Peter Combes EDSIG Calendar Tuesday September 4 at 7 30 p m V deod scs and microcomputers In Medical Education by Dan Rlorden of the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine USUHS Tuesday October 2 at 7 30 p m Videodisks and microcomputers in Medical Education by Dan Rlorden of the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine USUHS All EOSIG meetings are held In the Auditorjum Bullding B of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on the campus of the Natlonal Naval Medical Center 4301 Jon
99. g frequently with large models These Include memory I mltations on model size disk storage capacity disk access speed and calculation time In my chief application for example use about 200 highly complex templates averaging over 10K each and totaling some 2 megabytes of storage Dozens ot results from each of these templates are used In summary spreadsheets and all must be updated each year In my early days of spreadsheet use the only option avallable was to type thousands of results Into my Summary spreadsheets and hundreds of saves and loads were and remain necessary As a consequence economizing on my time Is very Important and have evolved from using VIsICatc on an Apple II plus the only option avallable when started to using Multiplan on an Apple e This year will upgrade my hardware and software again This article ts to share with you my research on calculation and storage speed These are not necessarily the most Important varlables In your work Indeed disk storage capacity and the ablllty to Ink spreadsheets are most Important to mine but speed differences should not be Ignored by any heavy user In the IIght of the vast performance differences under var lous software and hardware combinations CALCULATION SPEED Calculation speed the time taken by a spreadsheet to calculate the results of all formulas In a model after any Input is a function of four varlables o hardware primarily microprocesso
100. g the word PERMUTE N N 1 in the following recursive manner As an exemple assume that the letters ABC are to be permuted At cycle 1 the single letter A is stored In the memory location denoted by WORKAREA At cycle 2 the letter B is added to produce all two letter permutatlons AB and BA which are stored in WORKAREA At cycle 3 the third letter C is added to each of the two letter permuatations to produce ABC ACB CAB BAC BCA and CBA The word PERMUTE N N 1 is used to convert ail of the n letter permutations to nt 1 letter permutations by executing the word ADD CHAR this word converts a single n ietter permutation to all its n l letter permutations eg from AB to CAB ACB and ABC The final two words which tie all this together are September 1984 25 if E OUR APPROACH All Products Always Discounted Reference Literature amp Guides For Browsing e Demo Machines e Special Orders Our Speciality Gift Certificates Available e Rainchecks For Out Of Stock Specials e Comfortable Showroom Environment Special Corporate Government Educational amp User Group Accounts SOFTWARE HARDWARE e Business e Scientific Education Recreation Programming e Modems e Home amp Personal Expansion Boards e Specialized Cables e Monitors e Printers e Drives e Interfaces LITERATURE ACCESSORIES amp SUPPLIES e Books e Magazines e Free Product Information e Media amp Media Storage
101. ges on the game I O port inputs should not exceed 5 volts or go less than 0 volts A circuit can be constructed to fix this consisting of a Zener diode something in the range of 3 to 4 5 volts with the cathode banded end connected to the pushbutton 2 input and the anode connected to ground and a resistor about 200 ohms from the RS232 output with the other end connected to pushbutton 2 Input The second part of the problem is to convert the serial input to parallel The program below will do that The only restriction Is that some delay time must added between the characters so that the Apple has time to save them 0300 HERE BYTE EQU 300 STORE RESULT page aD 65 CO START LDA PB2 LOOK FOR START ek FB BPL START START BIT IS 0308 A2 08 LDX 8 39600 BAUD DELAY 030A CA WAIT DEX 030B D0 FO BNE WAIT sWAIT TO BIT MIDDLE contd on page 13 September 1984 9 Visicolumn Spreadsheet Speed by Walt Francis Casual spreadsheet users need not worry about power and speed since the basic performance of all spreadsheets avallable for the Apple Is very good A dozen or two spreadsheet encounters a year will be handled about as well by one spreadsheet as by another and only the largest models wil use up all available memory or take more than a few seconds to run For the ordinary user there are few less Important things to worry about than speed Heavy duty spreadsheet users however face a number of problems when workIn
102. ghts of end users the need for the industry to clean up its own act and social contracts between Software publishers and purchasers am very concerned about the lack of user representation in the SPF recently spoke with Ronald Palenski the Associate Gen eral Counsel of ADAPSO who is working to improve the laws concerning the rights to software and protection of ownership asked Mr Palenski if the rights of end users were aclively considered as part of the effort to modify the laws It was clear from his response that the effort is directly oriented to improving the protection available to the vendor of the software and that end user considera lions were not a major part of their activity The SPF is going to be very powerful Its initial gathering of contributions is 200 000 with a goal of 500 000 This money will be spent in the SPF s war against software piracy directed by vendors reported by trade journals fed by vendor advertising and supported by vendor organizations If we end users want to be a part of shaping the future of software protection and related user rights issues we better get involved now As the Director of Vendor Relations for Capital PC intend to get CPCUG involved with the SPF to represent the end user point of view will be meeting with ADAPSO President Jerome Dreyer later this month to discuss our involvement and CPCUG will probably wish to join ADAPSO to gain entrance to the SPF as a leg
103. gic Window II 107 Visifile 175 Adventure in Time 21 SPREADSHEET PIE Writer 102 Print Sh ED ANON d s Machine P Geo Ss Made EA Algebra 1 2 3 4 ea 28 Beyond Castle Wolfenstein 24 bien e Screenwriter II 88 Algebra 5 amp 6 34 Bladeot Blackpoole 28 Multiplan 153 Spellstar 102 Alphabet Beast amp Co 24 Castle Wolfenstein praeticale II 51 Super Text Professional 119 Alphabet Circus 21 Checkers 34 Super Text Home Office 85 Basic Skills 14 Chess7 0 48 EE i ee Word Handler 55 Body Awareness J4 Computer Ambush 43 iud Wordstar req CP M Bouncing Kamungas 21 Computer Baseball 29 Wiele D wa de i e Cause amp Effect red blue 34 Computer Gin Rummy 91 Visitrend Visiplot 71 MISCELLANEOUS Cognito PORE 28 Computer Quarterback gg Vlslscheduls 107 Micro Barmate 28 SE RE Cosmic Balance 29 UTILITY GRAPHICS Micro Cookbook 28 ompumath decimals Cranston Manor 24 also Compumath fractions 34 Dark Crystal 28 nis ida S Appetizers 9 Facemaker 4 er l 2 Dark Forest 21 Applesolt Compiler 137 Soup amp Salads g Fact amp Fiction Tool Kit 28 Deadline 34 Desserts 9 Fact or Opinion red blue 34 Decathlon 24 Banner Magic 17 Foreign Languages 14 Enchanter au Budge s 3 D Graphics 27 DISKETTES Game of the States 28 Epidemic 25 Complete Graphics System 55 sy SS SD WABASH 17 50 10 Grandma s House 24 Galactic Gladiator 29 Data Plot 41 ga tor the Macintosh45 00 10 Gertrude s Puzzles 31 Hi Res Golf II au Disk Organizer 21 BASF or Maxell Gertrud
104. h notes et cetera If you want to copy music you must hear the music than trial and error away until you either a get the tune or b go Insane frying MCS on the other hand Is easy to copy music Into and supports two volces without a Mocklngboard and slx volces with one Six volces are only used with a canon or round For those of you who ve forgotten what a round Is that s what your second grade music teacher made you sing Three groups sing In unison G 1 Row row row your boat gently down the stream e Row row row your boat gently G 6 5 Row row row youre 5 Do G 1 Throw your teacher overboard and listen to se G 2 down the stream Throw your teacher overboard G 3 boat gently down the stream Throw your toa Thls goes through three to five times uzas y MCS is capable of doing this If a Mocklngboard TS Installed Unfortunately MCS will not allow lyrics In the song although the MockIngboard Is capable of singing With a Mocklngboard the music scrolls across the screen as It Is played A very nice feature of the program is the icons To move the music toward the beginning use the left arrow icon To move towards the end use the right arrow Icon To move the music straight to the beginning use the home icon To play the music use the plano icon To cut a measure use the scissors and to put It somewhere else use the glue To save or load music point to the floppy disk A nulsance of th
105. ham Peter Combes Doug Daje Peter Rosden Jon Vaupel PLEASE keep in mind that the people 3 AR 70 703 301 703 703 301 301 301 703 301 301 301 301 Christopher ROMERO Tee Carl Eisen Christopher Romero 703 Calls up until midnight are ok September 1984 listed should be have no don t 340 7038 328 3553 03 471 1479 524 0937 258 9865 241 8678 971 2621 490 7484 258 9865 340 9432 966 5742 620 2103 460 0754 585 0989 363 1797 521 4882 779 5714 434 0405 779 8938 978 7724 779 5714 340 7038 460 0754 966 5742 966 5742 340 7962 933 3065 966 5742 460 0754 460 0754 371 5263 524 0937 893 9591 460 0754 527 2704 966 5742 868 5487 530 7881 460 0754 296 1280 298 9107 251 9330 468 6118 460 0754 321 2989 354 4837 643 1848 251 6369 868 5487 229 2288 977 3054 471 1949 354 4837 471 1949 GENERAL OE ORIMRT ION Apple user groups may reprint without prior permission any portion of the contents herein provided proper author title and publication credits are given Membership dues for Washington Apple Pi are 25 00 for the first year and 18 00 per year thereafter begin ning in the month joined If you would like to join please call the club office or write to the office address A membership application will be mailed to you Subscriptions to the Washington Apple Pi Journal are not available The Journal is distributed as
106. he good and bad points about FORTH Bad points about FORTH In this column Yes that s right every computer language has Its bad points and this one Is no exception Writing a FORTH program is like writing an English sentence The program s code describes Its function To start writing the programer makes a broad out Ine Once the outline is done the programer then starts to define each word in the outilne He continues the process of defining unti the words used In the definitions are made of primatives words which have been predefined In assembly language This Is known as top down design You start with the general flow of the program and then take care of the detalls Problems arise when a word Is badly defined A bad definition does not describe a word s function usually by using too many primatives early In the def in It Jon There are a plethora of FORTH dlalects Each dlalect also has Ire own unique primatives depending on the use for which the dlalect was meant Dialects also share many of the same words so that It Is not too hard to go from one verslon to another Prime H gt 3 DO OUP HOO O s IF ts HOT prime 1 LEAVE THEN 2 LOOP DUP O IF is PRIME ELSE DROP THEN THEN THEN The above word called Prime like all FORTH definitions starts with the word to begin the definition and ends with to end It All FORTH words In thls definition are separated from each other by space
107. he relative speed performance of the latter two programs for simpler mode s Therefore Tf your own models require much more than simple algebra It would be smart to check speed differences even more carefully 11 September 1984 A Page from the Stack The WAP Library EE by Robert C Platt Now that summer ts over It s time to get back to serious work on your Apple Why not organize your Apple software collection and put together a donation for the WAP Library For each 5 1 4 Inch disk that you donate we wlll give you an Apple JI Ilbrary disk In exchange For your Mac Lisa donatlons you vill get a Sig Mac disk will be at the disketerta our disk sales table before the monthly meeting and even the Slg Mac meeting to discuss your con tributions Two disks premlered at the August meeting Divers icopy and Sig Mac 4 which are described below MUSIC WANTED Bernle Benson 951 5294 continues to collect song tiles for the ALF Music Board Also If you have typed In songs for Dennis Brother s MacMuslc program please donate them to the lbrary MAC SOFTWARE As MacPascal MacBaslc and SofTech p system for the Mac are being released share your Initial efforts for our library We welcome contributions to run under any Mac or Lisa application DISK 72 MENU HINTS Disk 72 which premiered In June has an easy to use menu program The problem Is that unless you have Integer Basic loaded before you run It the selectio
108. ht organizer pfs File Report or Graph Infastar including 6 Mhz Z 60 Applicard 299 Data Perfect BUSINESS amp ACCOUNTING BPI Accounting AR AP PAYROLL INVENTORY ea aodule 249 Peachtree Peachpak GL AR AP all three 229 Dollars amp Sense hose accounting graphics The Accountant double entry bookkeeping systeml Hone Accountant COMMUNICATIONS Ascii Express Professional for 005 3 3 Z tera Professional for CP M Data Capture Jle pts Access basic cossunications for the JCe CompuServe Starter Kit password amp free hours Ba Einstein Applesoft Compiler Softech UCSO p Systee Digital Research Pascal HT Microsoft Fortran 80 BOS C cospiler Micromation FORTH 83 Terrapin Logo amp ENDS Kensington System Saver Fan w surge protector 66 Kraft Joystick TG Joystick Hayes III 33 35 40 Trace SoundTrap silence your printer 99 Mockingboard sound synthesis w speech option call Wildcard Plus hardware based copy unprotection 129 Locksaith 5 0 the best gets better 85 KoalaPad Graphics Tablet with graphics software 85 Maxell Oysan TOK Mesorex Wabash dists from 20 om sss SILI AIS SS EE EE oss CALL FOR PRICES OF ITEMS NOT LISTED Please Compare Our Prices If you find a lower price give us a chance to beat it Feel free to call for answers to technical questions Call Jeff Dillon at 301 or Write or visit 434 040
109. ies of Lotus 1 2 3 are floating around Ashton Tate and how many copies of dBASEII have sailed down the hallowed halls of Lotus Many of the original pirates took up their trade because they were oppressed Could it be that many users have followed the same course Some software publishers complain that club bulletin boards or newsletlers provide code breaking programs yet they never complain that all computer magazines publish full page ads for software that will do the same job That s editorial oppression against a very small mi nority The industry has romanticized the role of the pirate in fact it encourages code breaking exercises John Dvorak in the June 25th InfoWorld notes that Defendisk Inc is offering 10 000 to anyone who can produce a duplicate Defendisk protected diskette That s like dangling gold doubloons on the yard arm and then giving Blackbeard a reward for retrieving them In that same issue Dvorak encourages another type of piracy using MCI Mail as a free upload download utility Let s not kid ourselves it isn t user groups that are promoting piracy it is the publishing industry itself Browning and Schneider could provide valuable input to the Fund s committee Their liaison role should be supported by the club and by ADAPSO The computer industry which is heading for 1 35 billion dollars in advertising expendi tures this year can certainly come up with more than 200 000 for the Fund The industry as a whole sho
110. igures developing products for the visually Impalred Also discussed were hardware and software Such as TALKING TRANSCEND a Terminal program BRAILLE EDIT and DOCUMENTS word processors for the blind VERT the ZERO CARD etc But ill rely on 32 September 1984 Jim s and Roger s forthcoming articies to do them justice AN APPEAL As noted In the past the WAP offices limit access to the physically Impalred because of thelr location The executive board Is concerned about this problem and desires some expression of the unfulfilled need that exists amoug WAP members IF YOU OR OTHERS WHO WOULD FREQUENT THE WAP OFFICE FACILITIES AND USE ITS SERVICES FEEL LIMITED BY ITS LOCATION LACK OF HANDICAPPED RESTROOM FACILITIES OR OTHER PROBLEMS FEEL STRONGLY ABOUT IT WRITE ADDRESS YOUR LETTERS TO THE WAP OFFICE WE NEED TO KNOW WE NEED YOUR EXPRESSIONS OF DESIRES AND SUGGESTIONS In fact If you know of actual examples of people who would Join the Pl save for the lack of facli tles for those with handicapping conditions tell us that also DISABLING THE e s AUTO REPEAT UPDATE In the June Issue of the newsletter we dlagrammed how the e s auto repeat function can be defeated We suggested that a ftest cllp could be used To reestablish the auto repeat After that article we recelved an even more practical suggestion to attach a SPST switch Instead of the test cl Ip Therefore one switch lead can be soidered carefully
111. ilities I 2 Utilities II Games V Utilities III Volume 9 Educational I Volume 10 Math Science Graphics I Volume 12 Games VI Volume 13 Games IAC Utilities IY Volume 15 Games VII Volume 16 Utilities V Graphics II Volume 18 Educational II Volune 19 Communications Volume 20 Music Apple Orchard Volume 22 Utilities VI Volume 23 Games VIII Volume 24 Games IX Volune 25 Utilities VII Volume 26 Stocks Investments Volune 27 Math Volume 28 Planetfinder Volume 29 Utilities VIII Games X Plot Utilities Volume 32 Games XI Volume 33 Accounting Solar Tutor Volume 35 Garden Management Games XII Volume 37 Utilities IX Volume 38 Games XIII Volume 39 IAC VII Volume 40 IAC VIII 00S 3 3 Volume 41 IAC 25 Mach Lang Util Volume 42 One Key DOS Volume 43 IAC 29 Utilities H Volume 44 Utilities I Volume 45 Diversi Copy Volume 70 Business Math Statist ics Volume 71 Music Volume 72 Keyboard Games Volume 73 Text Adventure Games Volume 74 Paddle Games Volume 90 Spreadsheet C Genl Bus Volune 91 Spreadsheet D Investment Volume 92 Spreadsheet E Bus Recd volume 93 VisiPlot and VisiTrend Volume 100 Utilities A Volume 101 Utilities B Volume 102 Games A Volume 103 Merry Christmas Yolume 181 required with these disks NOTE ALLOW 3 TO 4 WEEKS FOR MAILING NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP TELEPHONE from Washington Apple Pis Disketeria are available for pur
112. ill E Z Pieces a k a AppleWorks at 14 seconds and Advanced VisiCalc at 25 seconds These speeds can be Increased somewhat by usIng CTRL 5 to turn off the screen on the II with the result that Ir runs almost twice as fast as the STORAGE SPEED For the heavy user saving a few seconds on calculation time may be Insufflclent If loading and storage times are slow The table below shows selected results In seconds from the same test model about a 16K text file Mach ine Program Load Save Apple e VielCale T28 35 Adv VC 141 50 THE Spr d 51 27 Multiplan 19 23 AppleW ks 22 23 Apple Il VisiCale 55 69 Adv VC 74 81 Vit E Z 16 21 IBM PC Lotus 20 18 IBM PC XT Lotus 12 5 Acc Apple VisiCalc 36 26 Macintosh Multiplan 12 12 Tandy 2000 Multiplan 11 11 Lotus 16 15 c speeds were slightly faster These results are for the most part non surpr Ising For example one would expect AppleWorks to be much faster than any other Apple program simply because It Is the onty one currently using PRODOS which Is much faster In storage than DOS 3 3 Apple Iil s SOS Is simply slow and 11 E Z Pleces uses PRODOS for a vast speed Improvement And the new Mac disks are clearly as fast as advertised But It Is surprising that the Mac Is almost as fast as the hard disk IBM PC XT And the relatively slow calculating Multiplan program shows up as one of the fastest in storage operations probably because Microsoft made Its own patche
113. in order to make things even more confusing true hackers have arbitrarily decided that an eight bit number or two hexadecimal digit number is to be called 8 byte In other words each memory location in an eight bit Apple e can store a byte of Information or data Naturally different kinds of data can be stored in these memory bytes One of the most common types of data is text Most microcomputers use ASCII ask key code to store text data There are 128 ASCII codes commonly used One for each upper and lower case letter one for each numeral one for eech of 34 special symbols and one for each of 32 control codes with names like BEL for ring the bell and ESC for escape These codes are designated as seven bit numbers and stored in the seven rightmost bits of a byte The eighth bit the leftmost high order bit can then be set as a flag to designate something special like the end of a word or a switch to an alternative character set Most often these ASCII codes are displayed In hexadecimal Thus you will find a hacker saying 57 6F 77 21 Instead of Wow If atl you wish to do Is store Integers from 0 to 255 then a Apple e could keep track of 65536 such integers in a 256 by 256 matrix But you re probably more Interested in storing some decimal numbers Programs frequently require 5 bytes to store a decimal number that can range from 10 to the minus 37th to 10 to the 37th with 7 or 8 places of precision Now If memory Is use
114. ing Level 1 come in Level 1 It also helps one to keep variables within their domain and can cut down on unwanted side effects Machine code procedures do not have levels They seem to be free agents This h s gone on longer than I had expected so I will leave you with the skeleton of the program I wrote to analyze a codefile the first two steps in my algorithm The next time 1 11 give you the listing along with some more explanation This may seem rather esoteric but a very useful spin off of this program is using it as an aid to writing tighter code The code of the program whose skeleton is listed Figure 2 originally had one segment 14 procedures and was 6444 bytes long By using it to analyze itself aren t computers marvelous it now has three segments 14 procedures still and is only 5256 bytes long It is not only 20 smaller occupies a maximum of 3592 bytes of memory segmenting but it runs about 10 faster Sound interesting 22 September 1984 Figure 1 Segment Procedure Program Level PROGRAM Levels 1 1 0 PROCEDURE A 1 2 1 FUNCTION B 1 3 2 BEGIN END B PROCEDURE C BEGIN END C BEGIN A END BEGIN MAIN A END Sig Mac News from page 17 allows the user to create cut ines these outlines can then be copled for use In MacWrite documents There Is no undo command errors are corrected by backspacing One cannot drag over an area to be edited therefore editing can
115. itimate member We will also need to define user rights posi lions and work with ADAPSO and the SPF to develop these within their activities We certainly must educate the vendors of our needs as users rather than stand by and let them impose their views of our needs on us no matter how benevolent their motives don t want this to become a we vs they confrontation as that type of fighting is generally non productive Be Sides we probably don t have the resources to win very many battles have met David Cole several times and am impressed with his sincere desire to do the right thing He also seems to realize that it is in everyone s best interest to incorporate both vendors and users needs as solutions to issues are sought We have the opportu nity to be a part of the solution Right now am working to establish CPCUG as a recognized participant in the SPF efforts and to put together an end user s position to work from also have to work out arrangements tor communicating with the SPF members including partici palion in selected meetings am very interested in your views on this Please call me or drop me a letter to express your opinion or to share your thoughts as to how we should proceed In a related development Jimmie Faris is in the process of organizing a fall moderated panel discussion of these issues in front of the CPCUG with panel members from the SPF and CPCUG At COMDEX both David Cole and
116. l They are quite different from the rest of the human race Chief amongst their abnormallties Is that they have elght fingers on each hand and thus are forced to use base 16 or hexadecimal arithmetic whenever they have need for numbers which is almost all the time Thus to be successful in adventures behind the user interface one must understand arithmetic hacker style In your explorations when you stumble across a four digit code often preceeded by a dollar sign that has both letters and numbers in It it a safe bet that It Is a hexadecimal hex for short number left by a hacker to trip you up Each digit in the hex number runs from O to 9 followed by A to F where A is equivalent to 10 and F equals 15 That Is each hexadecimal digit can have 16 values As in base 10 decimal numbers where placement of the digits represents powers of ten the places in a hexadecimal number represent powers of sixteen Thus the right most place corresponds to l s which are 16 s to The zero power the second place from the right Is 16 s the third place is 256 s or 16 s squared and the fourth place from the right or the leftmost place in a four digit number represents 4096 s or 16 s cubed Consider that fourth digit representing 4096 s It so happens that 4096 equals 4 times 1024 Now in computerese 1024 is known as IK one kay Now everyone knows that 1024 is not actually equal to IK meaning 1 Kilo or 1 Thousand or 1 000 however 1024 Is the
117. l memory storage technique What Is left n the WordStar buffer from 784A to 8FFF is that part of the text which Is closest to the current cursor position and may be discountinous or scrambled especially If block editing commands have been used In cases where the buffer appears to contaln several bits and pieces of a long file rather than a contiguous short flle It is best to save the entire buffer as the salvaged file Then replace the BAK extension on the backup file with something like OLD and reenter WordStar to edit the old backup file Use the block read command Control KR to append the salvaged flle onto the backup file and the edit and rearrange the result as necessary This should recover almost all the text that had been entered prior to the BDOS ERROR provided that the backup file was not more than 3 5 pages out of date with respect to the flle that was lost Of course you do save your work every 3 5 pages using Control KS Control QP don t you After alt an Act of God read PEPCO can turn off your computer at any time and if It ain t on disk it ain t anywhere when the power comes back on 50 September 1984 1 BACK TO SCHOOL SALE Gemini 10X a2022222222222 22 27 0O Call for prices on all STAR printers e Itoh ProWriter II 530 00 Color 180 CPS 0 00 Okidata Microline 92 310 00 Epson RX 80 5 geeeeepeeeoeeeeee 269 00 RX 80 F T e enee nees ewe ZO OO FX 80 F T Ss eee ee eege
118. landscape drawings to 1 8 or 1 4 Inch scales for architects or Interior designers These ready made couches and beds and bathrooms can be cut and pasted Into MacWrlte or MacPaint documents These disks can be purchased separately for 50 00 each Washington Apple P1 SEGA PROC PROG FIGURE 2 Skeleton of Codemap LEVEL params parameters 1 1 0 PROGRAM Codemap skeleton Anatomy of a Pascal Codeftle bts 7 17 84 7 1 1 SEGMENT PROCEDURE Blockzero params produces segment dictionary of codefile 7 2 2 PROCEDURE Center param BEGIN END 7 3 2 PROCEDURE Checkprint param BEGIN END 7 4 2 PROCEDURE Initloc BEGIN END 7 5 2 PROCEDURE Initseg BEGIN END 7 6 2 PROCEDURE Ptoutdict BEGIN END BEGIN Blockzero END Blockzero 8 1 1 SEGMENT PROCEDURE Analize params Calc and output proc offsets location len 8 2 2 PROCEDURE Putoutpb params BEGIN END 8 3 2 PROCEDURE Starfix params BEGIN END 8 4 2 PROCEDURE Fix params BEGIN END 8 5 2 PROCEDURE Putoutpa params BEGIN END 8 6 2 PROCEDURE Fixnout params Driver proc for putout Fix procedures GIN END 8 7 2 PROCEDURE Getoffs params BEGIN END BEGIN Analize END Analize BEGIN Main Program Blockzero params Analize params future segnents END Washington Apple Pi September 1984 strictly Forth Sort by Chester H Page FORTH Dimensions Vol V No 5 Quicksort in Forth Marc Pe
119. le Mouse A Review by Bernie Benson So you d Ilke to mouse around a bit but t afford a Macintosh The AppleMouse H may sore Yai Soon after Introducing the MacIntosh last January Apple announced that the same mouse used with the Mac would be avallable for the Apple family I first saw the mouse In April and ordered one In May The AppleMouse product comes with a mouse the very same one used with the Mac or Lisa a controller board that wilt go In any slot a disk that contains MousePalnt and of course a user s manual The mouse can be used in an Apple Il i e or c The controller board Is not needed In the c the Seg Is bullt In The price ranges from 115 to The mouse Is a hand held device that ls moved on a flat surface n order to control a cursor on the screen Software must be designed specifically to work with the mouse and take advantage of Its natural features MousePalnt Is the only program I ve seen to date with this mouse Interface for the Apple tami ly It was written by BIII Budge of Raster Blaster fame It Is based on MacPalnt by Bil AtkInson Bill Budge does an excellent job of emulating the Macintosh s user environment with pull down menus movable windows Icons and all The smooth cursor movement and overall speed of the program is very Impressive The only major Items I ve noticed that MousePalnt lacks over MacPalnt Is the lasso brush mirrors and selectable patterns in the air brush can
120. loser Inspection we discover that thls Is the Initial entry Input routine and there Is a different Input routine used to change the value of previously stored data It can be found at IIne s 2080 thru 2230 Add or change the following ines to Implement The new feature 2180 PRINT TO H RQ Al 0 A2 0 A3 0 GOSUB 4730 Washington Apple Pi ON ON ES 2182 IF LEFT 1 1 4 THEN Al NS J RQ VAL 1 N J RQ STR A1 GOTO 2190 VAL 2184 IF LEFTS 1 1 THEN Al N C J RQ VAL I N J RO STR Al GOTO 2190 VAL 2186 IF LEFT 1 1 An THEN A2 LEN 1 10 A1 VAL NS J RQ VAL C RIGHTS 1 A2 N J RO STR Al GOTO 2190 2188 IF LEFT 1 1 THEN A2 LEN 1 1 A3 VAL RIGHTS 1 A2 IF A3 gt O THEN Al VAL N J RQ A3 N CJ RQ STR At GOTO 2190 2189 Line 42180 has been changed to redirect the program to the InItlal entry routine to take advantage of the possiblity of entering commas In the data The additional lines are required to Inform SFC what to do If we want to do arithmetic operations on the new data entered Examine them and see If you can determine how they work Here Is a hint If you want to add a new amount say 100 to the amount stored In a particular fleid just enter 100 as the CHANGE TO data Simitarty If you want to subtract the new amount from the stored value enter 100 SFC wll
121. lthough his tenure as the Chalrman of the IAC s Board did not achieve al of the reforms he had sought he managed to articulate the services groups should fulfil and goals that a natlonal federation of user Finally WAP must thank Bernle and his wife Gena for WAP must thank Bernie for tirelessly assembling the conquering the Immense task of assembling an office Journal every month for the past slx years Under his and staff Through our office we can now offer a leadership It has become the premler user group leve of member support that has yet to be matched by magazine In the country The strength of the Journal other user groups It took considerable falth In the In turn has lead to WAP s phenomenal growth WAP to take early retirement from the federal government and devote his life to the WAP The WAP Is WAP must thank Bernie for his visionary leadership In the better for hls efforts Agaln our thanks to charting the WAP s development He was one of our Bernle for his devoted service founding members served as our President end most recent y served on our planning committee be leve RC Platt that Bernie s idealism Is a principal factor for eur club remaining a non profit service group while other user groups have turned toward commercia goals Washington Apple Pi September 1984 3 President s Corner By David Morganstein THE BUDGET The Board continues the work of together a budget for this coming year Hopeful
122. ly it will be presented at the August meeting We are faced with increasing demands upon our office staff demands which have outpaced our growth In membership and dues revenues We may have to evaluate the benefit of some of the more time consuming services which have been added to the paid staff Many things which used to be done by volunteers have been taken on by the office You may be asked to step forward to put those activities back Into the volunteer area or we may have to face the choices of discontining them or raising enough revenue to pay our staff to perform them putting The Executive Board has voted to ask the membership for a two dollar Increase in dues from eighteen to Twenty dollars per year This would be the first Increase we have needed In over four years As most of you know during this period the services the club has been able to provide have Increased dramatically The size of the journal has doubled To date these benefits have been added at no Increase in dues It is possible that we can find other ways to raise revenues or decrease expenses but in case it is needed the Board Is asking for this authority A TALK WITH JONATHAN ROTENBERG In office was visited by the founder of the Boston Computer Society Bernie Urban Bob Platt and met with Jonathan to learn more about the BCS and to share with him some of the WAPs experiences We found him to be serious and capable with a pleasant sense of humor It is
123. n of an Integer Basic program will cause a file not found error You can t read the error message because the screen s erased Immediately This Is due to the fact that the menu program automatically loads INTEGER BASIC DISK This flle was not Included on Disk 72 To remedy this problem transfer the Integer Basic files onto another disk and also Include a copy of INTEGER BASIC DISK from Disk 134 DISK 131 ERRATA James Tichenor I reports the following bugs on Disk 131 In program RECIPE CALORIE COST add the following line 4000 REM In program RECIPE BOX add 145 VTAB 15 HTAB 6 PRINT PRESS RETURN FOR RECIPE FILE 150 VTAB 17 HTAB 6 PRINT OR ENTER FILE NAME MAX 15 PRINT HTAB 11 INPUT gt R The RECIPE BOX program will not cutput to a printer unless you change Lines 1620 and 1760 as follows 1620 PRINT DD PR I REM TURN ON PRINTER 1760 PRINT 0D PR O REM TURN OFF PRINTER MAC NEW MEMBER DISK We are holding off on distributing a new member disk to Mac owners until after the debut of MacBaslc and MacPascal In the mean time Mac owners have received elther a copy of a 5 1 4 Inch New Member Disk for the Apple or a coupon to be redeemed when the Mac disk is ready If you have recelved the Apple disk and do not want to walt for the offlclal Mac New Member Olsk please contact the office to exchange your disk for one of our four Slg Mac disks 12 September 1984 SIG MAC 4 MS BASIC PGMS Tony
124. n be traced to informal discussions among representatives of the leading microcomputer software V companies on the issue of software piracy in November Washington Apple Pi September 1984 D RECORD MASTER THE COMPLETE DATA BASE PROGRAM 59 95 Read what users and software re tailers have said Easiest to use data base prograa I ve seen Packed with features should be a winner PFS can t coapare Record Master does twice as auch at 1 4 the price Documentation looks great Solved the probleas I had with Visifile Hard to believe you get this auch for 59 95 Please don t be aisled by the low price RECORD MASTER is full featured and very easy to use Use it for addresses bills church club records client and eeployee data collections inventory investaents sales student re cords or any other data which need order and control RECORD MASTER perforas all standard data base functions SEARCH VIEW DELETE PRINT REPORTS UPDATE TOTAL AVB And Much More No disk swapping is involved RECORD MASTER uses OPTIMIZED CODE UNPROTECTED DISK COMPLETE MENUS STANDARD TEXT FILES PASSWORD PROTECTION ERROR TRAPPING DISK amp MEMORY PROTECTION If you want the following RECORD MASTER has it COMPUTED FIELDS USER REPORT FORMATS MAILING LABELS MULTI LEVEL SORTS WILDCARD SUBSTRING SEARCH ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS GLOBAL CHANGE FILE RESTRUCTURE Fully supported
125. ng pro cedures and optional instructions as a segment procedure is a good example of segmenting Why clutter the memory with a few K of one shot procedures Pascal also has UNITs which have the same purpose but these should be routines which have wide application Segments are usually program specific and do not have to be installed in a Library or linked into a program Now for my dream program The main algorithm for my decompiler is as follows Washington Apple Pi PROGRAM Unpile BEGIN a good way to start Get segment info from codefile block zero one block 2 512 bytes of code Locate each procedure in the codefile IF p code THEN decode into human readable form ELSE BEGIN transfer code to disk Get out of Pascal into BASIC load code into BASIC Monitor END END The first step in the program is to analyze block zero This is the first block of a Pascal code file and is really a segment dictionary Its structure is described in the Pascal OPSYS Manual p266ff The dictionary contains the name location size and type of each segment in the program For example the Pascal Compiler contains 15 segments The Editor has 7 segments and the Filer is made up of a single segment 13 3K in length For my purposes the location and size are the important numbers The location is always a single number since a segment must begin with the first byte of a block The sum of start and size locates the segment s last byt
126. now working with and will review in his future article The PRINT IT card ls not slot dependent and allows a direct screen dump to a printer or other output device The advantages of this fer the vision Impaired are readily apparent though the card was not designed speclflally for those with disabilties Many commercial programs are locked and do not allow for screen dumps etc malniy to prevent pirating However that also protects against thelr use wlth speech synthesis The card Is Intelligent has memory and a glue on keyswitch which allows one stroke dumplng Roger discussed efforts to develop programs which allow speech synthesizers such as the ECHO il to operate The problem Js that the text to speech algorithms must be loaded Into DOS and any program diskette which requires subsequent booting wipes out the syntheslzer s capabilities Other problems which don t occur to the sighted Include Items such as screen clutter of which the lines of asterisks at the top of thls column are an example This clutter ts visually useful for the sighted but distracting to the person relying on other forms of output The syntheslzer will faithfully read out incessant strings of such clutter Programs are being developed to filter out such clutter and numerous control characters etc which can appear In text files Mentioned were the developments of BII Grimm Ron Hutch Ison Dave Halliday Doug Moore and other legendary f
127. ns that highlight industrywide prob lems such as aclions against visible Fortune 2500 users actions against aiders and abettors which market pro grams or products intended primarily to break technical protection methods and actions against companies which create emulations of existing software products through decompilation or disassembly in possible violation of the copyright laws The first two action items Technical Protection and Government Activity would be addressed by the Micro computer Software Association MCSA a seclion of ADAPSO The Software Protection Fund would be re sponsible for Education and Visible Enforcement To wards these ends the SPF requested contributions from members of the industry establishing an initial goal of 500 000 Current Activities At the Spring COMDEX meeting it was announced thal the Software Protection Fund has already raised 200 000 The organization will formally be introduced to its target audience the endusers at the National Computer Con ference in Las Vegas in July Organizers hope to have MACDRIVE by Techmar Hard disk for MACINTOSH 10 megabyte fixed disk and will be informative emphasizing how serious and deep rooted the problem has become Any sort of heavy handed approach is bound to fail he said It is impera tive that we educate the users not threaten them The Fund will aid its members in the area of visible enforcement by establishing an exper
128. nterest group for our They meet during the regular WAP CESIG is the special interest group of computer entre peneurs They meet after the monthly WAP meeting at the club office DISABLEDSIG meets on the 2nd Thursday of each month Call Jay Thal for details EDSIG the education special interest group see the EDSIG Page elsewhere in this issue FORTHSIG will hold its next meeting on Saturday Sep tember 15 at 1 00 PM in the WAP office LAMSIG usually meets in downtown Washington D C at noon once a month For information call Charles 6G Field Chairman 265 4040 or Jim Burger 293 7170 LOGOSIG meets monthly at 12 45 after the regular WAP meeting at the Barrie School 13500 Layhill Road Silver Spring MD NEWSIG will meet just after the regular Washington Apple Pi meeting and conducts a drop in for new Apple owners on Thursday evenings from 7 30 9 00 PM in the office They will answer questions and try to help new owners get their systems up and running PIG the Pascal Interest Group meets on the third Thursday of each month at 7 30 PM at the Club Office PI SIG formerly ASMSIG has a new emphasis program interface For details of their next meeting call Ray Hobbs at 490 7484 SigMac meets on the 1st Thursday of each month at 7 30 PM and on the 2nd Saturday from 9 00 AM to 12 30 PM at USUHS in the auditorium STOCKSIG meetings are on the second Thursday at 8 00 PM at the WAP office Call Robert Woo
129. numeric varlables then the resulting answer Is converted back to a string and assigned to N J RO N J RQ Is the two dimension array In which SFC keeps track of the actual data J Is the RECORD NUMBER and RO Is the FIELD within the RECORD hope you find this a useful addition to the FILE CABINET serles of pr learn more about the where to look ograms If you would ITke to FILE CABINET programs here s FILEHANOLER Inspecting Text Files FILE CABINET REVISITEO FILEHANOLER REVISITED WAP JOURNAL 9 82 WAP JOURNAL 12 82 WAP JOURNAL 4 85 WAP JOURNAL 4 85 Washington Apple Pi Sig Mac News from page 16 Think Tank Is an cuti lne organizer that Interfaces with MacWrite Members had mixed opinions about this product several belleved it had major drawbacks such as not belng able to write paragraphs within the outline An August 20 1984 InfoWorld review gives It three disks Three database packages are avallable now for the Mac Omnis 2 Is not Mac ke Main Street Filter MSF Is reviewed In August 6 1984 Issue of InfoWorld It doesn t have merge cepablilty A secon sk drive Is recommended for optimal use Habadex and MSF are reviewed by Brooks Leffler In the August WAP Journal Brooks prefers MSF for malling I Ist management ist Base PFS Flle and PFS Report are also avallable ist Base Is a relational database management system and lists for 195 Microsoft BASIC Version 1 1 fs ot If Version 1 0 call 206 82
130. o accept lower case at all OOS had to change the value of all lower case characters from the 224 255 range to the 96 127 range which made them temporarily flashing numbers and special symbols DOS 3 3 then knew to change them back to lower case characters The solution to the WAPABBS 1 1 problem is to make a change in the ABBS1 08J0 routines that handle case conversion In the T ABBSI file that comes on Disk 136 these routines read 355 SKIPI5 LDA CHAR 356 CMP E1 LOWER CASE TA 357 BLT NOTLC2 358 CMP SFB OPEN CURLY BRACKET 359 BGE NOTLC2 560 LDY ALLOWLC 361 BEQ NOTLC2 362 EOR LOCSE MAKE UPPER CASE 363 CMP E1 364 BLT SKIPI6 365 AND 7F FOOL SYSTEM MONITOR 566 SKIPI6 STA CHAR 367 BNE ECHO 368 NOTLC2 CMP A0 369 BLT CONTROL TAKEN IF CHAR IS A CTRL CHARACTER To make this work on elther allt or lines 360 367 with a e replace 360 LDY LOCSE DOES THE USER NEED LC 361 BNE UC IF SO GIVE IT TO HIM 362 LDY ALLOWLC CAN THE PROGRAM ACCEPT LC 363 BEQ UC IF NOT CONVERT IT 364 AND 7F FOOL SYSTEM MONITOR 365 STA CHAR STORE CORRECTED CHARACTER 366 BNE ECHO ALWAYS TAKEN 367 UC EOR 20 CONVERT LC UC 3568 STA CHAR STORE CORRECTED CHARACTER Old iine 368 which begins with the label NOTLC would then become tine 369 Note that old lines 360 367 assemble into 17 bytes of machine code whereas new lines 360 368 require 20 bytes Thus simple POKE fixes will not suffice to make these changes Reassembly
131. o signal although since the Apple doesn t exactly conform to accepted standards some recorders may not work well try it and see But all you have recorded is the video not digital Information and there is no way to get this back Into the Apple Some companies Corvus is one know of offer speclal converters that do permit you to use a VTR as a backup However these are generally only useful for hard disks where you need to backup a lot of Information and it is impractical to store all the data on floppies How can use my game paddle port as an RS232 Input am currently using the game paddle port as an output with the driver program from the Big Mac disk Now want information to go the other direction The other end of the wires from the game port are connected to the RS232 port of my IBM PC clone which am using as a 256K print butter This arrangement has been very satisfactory for about six months since the IBM clone never had any th ing to say that was worth the Apple s attention Now the clone finally has something worth at least a little of the Apple s attention but not worth enough to warrant the purchase of a serial or parallel card for the Apple There are two parts to this problem First the RS232 signals are not compatible with the voltage levels required by the game I O port of the Apple RS232 signals are specified for 3 to 15 volts as a space 3 to 15 volts as a mark The problem is that the volta
132. onnect a video camera to the Mac to digitize pictures 47th Street Photo In New York City has advertised cable and software to turn a Brother HRI5 letter qual ty printer Into a Mac compat ble printer for 100 NEW SOFTWARE David Michaelson of STSC Inc formerly Sclentlflc Timesharing Inc took a poll of STgMac s membersh Ip Interest in APL He Ilsted the advantages of this language over others and volunteered to give an APL demonstration at a later meeting He can be contacted at 301 984 5565 t reviewed Transylvania my very first game for my very first computer ransylvanla requires some knowledge of the occult to solve the quest for the damsel In distress 1 remarked that would have preferred finding a prince at the end of my chase My copy appeared to have a glitch when picking up the tangled vines at one point In the search looked at my Inventory and found Instead of tangled vines what appeared to be part of a hexldeclmal sting Transylvania cost 39 95 for about 40 hours of entertainment for this novice to the occult Now a confess Ton In response to a question told all of you wouldn t buy a game again Well went out znd bought Deadilne and won t buy a game again The adaptation of Deadline for the Mac does not use Mac s special qualities At 49 95 Deadline provided this user wlth about 30 hours of entertalnmenf I m learning contd on page 45 Washington Apple Pi Reports from Sig Mac
133. ook at them anyway Since the right arrow generates a Control U and the left arrow a Washington Apple Pi BY Control H the CONTROL letters will move the cursor column right and left respectively Five additional CONTROL commands will move the cursor In four directions They are left one column Contro Y and Control A right one column Control up one row Control Q and down one row Control Z So try these the next time Spreadsheet 2 0 think you l like them The Spreadsheet 2 0 Update D by Leon H Raesly L C S W New features are available for your earlier version of The Spreadsheet 2 0 talked with Patti at Apple Puget Sound Program Library Exchange A P P L E today and she confirmed the up date offer The primary new feature is the the up date will use the expanded 64K on the e Extended 80 Column board Thus for many people with the e you wou ld Immediately get a template memory of 96K The procedure is as follows Send yoy ORIGINAL disk along with a check for 10 00 your P L E membership number and a request for the up date to ART SCI Inc 10452 Burbank Boulevard North Hollywood Callfornia 91601 They wii make a copy of the up date onto your disk and return It to you was also told that there was some minor cleaning up of the program to make it even more functional than it Is which think is great In addition the new version has been modifled to be
134. power of two two to the tenth power closest to 1000 Since computer designers can t count past two and must count In binary powers rather than In powers of 10 they have decided as a matter of convenience that 1024 is equal to IK This means that a 64K Apple e actually has 64 times 1024 or 65536 memory locations numbered in decimal from 0 to 65535 Now 5535 In hexadecimal is FFFF Multiply out 15 4096 15 256 15 16 15 to check This t Is a whole lot easier for the average computer freak to count from 0000 to FFFF in hex than from 0 to 65555 in decimal Now consider how much data can be stored in each of those 64K memory locations You may recall seeing 36 September 1984 somewhere that the Apple e is an 8 bit mach Ine This means that each memory location in the Apple e has 8 places where it can store a blt of information What is a bit of information Well frankly not very much A bit is a binary digit and it can only store binary Information for example on or off positive or negative charged or uncharged one or zero Thus having eight bit memory locations really means that each memory location can store an eight place binary number How big is that Multiply out 2 to the eighth power and the result is 256 Thus each memory location can store 256 distinct memory states In bln ry these memory states are numbered from 00000000 to 11111111 in decimal from O to 255 and In hexadecimal from 00 to FF
135. puter Store for great accommodatlon and patlence LOTUS 1 2 3 Q amp A from page 9 030D AD 65 CO LOA PB2 START STILL THERE 0310 10 F1 BPL START Mi FALSE START 0312 A0 08 LDY 8 GET 8 BITS 0514 A2 10 GETBYTE LDX 16 DELAY FOR 9600 BAUD 0316 CA WAIT2 DEX 0317 EA NOP DUMMY 2 CYCLE WAIT O318 EA NOP DUMMY 2 CYCLE WAIT 0319 EA NOP DUMMY 2 CYCLE WAIT O31A AD 63 CO LDA PB2 GET BIT VALUE 0310 2A ROL A 8TH BIT TO CARRY 051E 6E 00 03 ROR BYTE MOVE INTO BYTE 0321 88 DEY DEC BIT COUNTER 0322 D0 EE BNE GETBYTE TOTAL 104 UCYCLES 0324 AD 00 03 LDA BYTE GET BYTE 0327 49 FF EOR SFF s INVERT IT 0329 80 00 03 STA BYTE SAVE IT BACK 032C A2 08 LDA 8 DELAY FOR 9600 BAUD 032b CA WAIT3 DES WAIT 1 2 BIT FOR 032F DO FD BNE WAIT3 LAST BIT TO FINISH Cal this routine before sending each character from the clone This routine gets only one byte and the byte ends up In BYTE at 300 Save It somewhere else in memory and then cal the routine agaln to get the next byte The routine Is relocatable and although Is shown starting at 303 It can actually be put anywhere in memory The timing is set for 9600 baud at three locatlons 809 815 and 820 For 1200 baud use 64 decima 40 at 809 and 82D and 128 decima 80 at 815 Your may have to play around wlth these values slightly as the timing of the R 232 signals and your Apple crystal ere not always what they should be This routine also works well for getting data from a M
136. r 300 baud card w softwarel US Robotics Password 300 1800 baud auto dial answer Anchor Autoaation Mark 12 300 1200 baud RS 232 Voikssodea 300 baud AS 232 DISK ORIVES MicroSci A2 drive 100 Apple coepatible Shugart 3901 Rana Systess Elite One drive 40 track 169K Elite Two 40 track double side 326K Elite Three 80 track double side 652K 449 10 MEG Winchester drive 1195 TEAC Thinline drive 40 track 100 Apple compatible 259 Davong Corvus and Corona Winchester drives call CP M 6502C SYSTEMS Applicard 6 Mhz 2 80 64K to 192K RAM 70 col video 249 Microsoft Softcard JCe 2 80 B0 col amp 64K on one card 325 Softcard includes CP M 2 2 and MBASIC 225 OR Gold Card 6 Mhz 80 col 64 192K CP M 3 0 CBASIC 345 ALS CP M Plus System 6 Mhz 7 80 64K RAM CPIM 3 0 275 Titan Systeas Accelerator JC 3 Mhz 6502C processor 425 Speed eson 6502C high speed coprocessor 239 HONITORS Aadek 3006 12 green anti glare screen 16Mhz 300A 12 asber anti glare screen 18Mhz NEC JB 1201 1205 green amber anti glare screen 20Mhz J8 1860 12 green 15Mhz best value for aoney UST PI 2 18 green anti glare screen 20 Mhz PI 3 12 aber anti glare screen 20 Mhz INTERFACES amp BUFFERS amp CLOCKS Pkaso U printer interface superior graphics amp sore 129 ShuffleBuffer 32K 126K w cut amp paste ser and par call Grapplert printer interface parallel w graphics 120
137. r om Branch Ave Rt 5 at 6443 Old Alex Ferry Rd Clinton MD 20735 301 856 2500 Washington Apple Pi Operant Systems HARDWARE PRINTERS Epson FX 80 140 cps tractor single sheet graphics 459 FX 100 wide carr age version af the abovel 689 RX 80F T 100 cps tractor single sheet graphics 329 LQ 1500 200 cps fantastic letter quality sode 1125 Okidata 92 160 cps graphics GEST print for price 429 93 132 colusn version of above 665 Toshiba 1340 144 cps draft BEST letter qual matrixl 799 Texas Instruments TI 855 150 cps draft 35 cps M 795 IDS Prisa 80 200 cps color sheet feed options avail 999 Gemini 10X 120 cps tractor sin le sheet graphicsl 289 15X wide carriage same features as Epson MX 409 C Itoh F 10 Starwriter 40 cps daisywheel best for 1049 f 10 18 cps version of the above 559 Silver Reed 550 18 cps daisgwheel best at this speed 500 14 cps daisywheel as above MEC 7710 55 cps daisywheel built like a tank Diablo 620 2 cps daisywheel Quae Sprint 11 40 40 cps daisywheell MODEMS Hayes Micromodes Je tone dialing speaker 5aartcom I Saartaodem 1200 1200 baud R 232 auto dial Saartandem 300 300 baud as above Novation Apple Cat II wl Coaware 1200 baud capable Ssart Cat 300 AS 232 direct connect Saart Cat 300 1200 as above Microcos ERA 2 300 1200 baud card with softwarel Zoos Telephonics Networke
138. r speed o language used by the software o eff clency of the computing algorithms used by the software and o complexity of the calculations used by the model some of my relatively small 10K templates require almost one minute to recalculate because the formulas use are so complex The last of these can be controlled for by comparing the same template or model and the second and third reduce to a single performance dImenslon software speed so that benchmarking spreadsheets Is In fagt 8 relatively simple task Bne simply enters the es model s on a given type of machine with a given spreadsheet package and measures the time needed for calculation or recalculation Similarly storage speed both saving and loadlng Is measured simply by using a test model 10 September 1984 ep ee The most systematic comparison of spreadsheets that have seen Is In Spreadsheet Software from VisiCalc to 1 2 3 by Thomas Henderson thls excellent book s or lented strictly to spreadsheets running on the IBM PC but most of Its findings are applicable to the same sof tware on other machines Henderson Includes as one of dozens of polnts of compar son calculat on speed and have used hfs method The test model nvolves a matrix of 1 000 cells containing addition operations The number 123456 78 Is entered fn the upper left cell this cell Is called Al tn most spreadsheets and every other cell In the first 50 rows and 20 columns I
139. r five years or norel Apple II or IIe I amp n PC or xT 150 00 Audio Cassette Intro 25 00 For orders and info j 800 345 8112 ext 200 PA 800 662 2444 Washington Apple Pi September 1984 35 Hacker Arithmetic A Short Hexadecimal Course for the Neophyte User by Dr Rowdy Someday in order to slay a program bug or rescue some lost data you may have to go behind the user friendly Interface of your application programs and venture Into an allen world the world of the machine language programmer the world of the computer hacker Of course everyone understands that user friendly interfaces are created by paranoid programmers in order to keep a user on his side of the interface and prevent him from messing around with their perfect programs Naturally these egoistic programmers never really take care of all the eventualities and usually leave large traps in their works for unwary users to fall into For example when CP M users accidentally attempt to save WordStar files to a full disk does WordStar politely inform them that they need to put in a different empty disk before their long hours of work can be saved No Instead it complains about a BDOS ERROR hangs up and all those pages of text go up in electronic smoke Al this tends to make users feel a bit paranoid when they see the term user friendly Before you start off on an exploration into the hacker s world you must understand that hackers are not norma
140. ra digits except by converting the number to a String and printing the string This bug played havoc with an Applesoft column formatting routine tried to write before Cralg Peterson s Print Using and Friends came to my attention His routine solves the practical problem but why does itf happen seem to remember answering this question once before but it turns up rather regularly The answer has to do with the way Applesoft stores numbers in the computer memory If you type a number in as part of a program Applesoft stores the Washington Apple Pi FN Q ASCII code for each digit into a byte of memory so when you ist a program you get exactly the same number back On the other hand when the number is put in a variable printed or used in an arithmetic operation it Is binary number first converted to a We have to digress a minute to discuss binary numbers A binary number such as 1011 101 is 11 625 In base 10 The position just fo the left of the binary point has a value of 1 the next digit to the left is worth 2 the next 4 and the leftmost Is worth 8 Thus the integer part Is 8 2 1 11 The position just to the right of the binary point has a value of 1 2 or 0 5 the next to the right is 1 4 or 0 25 the next 1 8 or 0 125 and so forth The problem Is that it Is impossible to express some decimal numbers exactly in binary the binary number would require an infinite number of diglts or at least more than the
141. rights are being considered the vendor s can t blame the vendors for watching out for themselves Given the chance users should too think that chance has come and the time is now to take advantage of it We need to draft a list of users rights and present them to the vendors for consid eration and resolution We users can t force the vendors lo accept our Bill of Rights but they would certainly benefit by listening to us Editor s Notes Headaches by Doug Thompson He was caught on Nov 21 1718 near Ocracoke Inlet off the North Carolina coast He fought desperately with sword and pistol until he fell with 25 wounds in his body His head was taken back to Virginia and exposed on a pole William Bonner in The World Book Encyclopedia Like Captain Kidd Blackbeard Edward Teach met a rather unromantic end Both suffered permanent cerebral Washington Apple Pi damage for their acts of piracy Their modern counter parts are still getting away with murder and so far the penalties have been few and far between for the micro corsairs Browning and Schneider are both reporting on the piracy problem in this issue Through their efforts the club hopes to present a user group viewpoint to the Association of Data Processing and Service Organiza tions ADAPSO and its Software Protection Fund com mittee One of their goals will be to educate the commit tee Why are users pirates Another goal might be to determine how many cop
142. rkel published a Forth program to quick sort one byte data items decided to play with this for sorting dimensioned text strings such as my mailing list The result is a good example of using Forth a stack oriented programming language with a mach Ine language subroutine For sorting bytes the bytes are stored in a sequence of memory locations The contents of these primary addresses are compared and exchanged when appropriate For sorting strings another level of addressing is needed The primary addresses are the addresses of an array of pointers each pointer holds the address of the count byte or length of a string Exchanging entries consists of exchanging pointer contents the strings themselves are untouched Since the primary addresses hold 2 byte string addresses instead of l byte data incrementing a primary address requires increasing it by 2 instead of 1 and finding the middle address requires care to avoid splitting It Instead of dividing the range by 2 and adding the quotient to the starting address we must divide by 4 and then double the quotient This guarantees an even number to be added to the starting address The real problem Is the comparison of strings which may or may not be of equal length Two strings are compared byte by byte using a DO LOOP with limit N where N is the length of the shorter string or common length There is no problem unless the loop is completed without a decision l e i
143. ry a WAP Tutorial WAP offers Hands On training on a variety of topics e Introduction to the Apple hardware e How to use Apple software e Beginning Applesoft programming e Intermediate Applesoft programming The above courses are repeated each month for the benefit of our newer members In addition WAP offers courses that address specific software packages See pages 46 and 55 for further details or call 654 8060 ee Washington Apple Pi September 1984 53 Washington fipple Pi Ltd Library Submission Form Thank you for your contribution to the WAP Library In order to improve service to library users we ask that you fill out both this questionnaire and the attached agreement Piease contact Bob Platt New Disk Librarian 223 1588 evenings if you have any questions Thanks for contributing Author s Name s Address Phone Operating System DOS 3 3__ Pascal CP M Macintosh Brief Description or attach any documentation Check any special equipment requirements 64K RAM memory Apple e Applesoft in ROM 80 Column Card Which Other Does this program contain materials which you did not write yourself Yes No If yes what is its source If the program was typed from a magazine which magazine and issue Articles which would be helpful to a WAP member in understanding your program or the programming techniques used in your program September
144. s To start any discussion of FORTH we have to talk about the stack The stack Is an array In memory wh Ich Is used to hold numbers Its structure Is much lke a deck of cards In that only the top card can be removed Words communicate to each other by leaving Information on the top of the stack the parameter stack as Jt Js properly known So one of the most Important parts of the above definition Is the comment In brackets which Is placed Immediately after the word 28 September 1984 fo be defined This simple notation describes what the word expects on the stack and how It will leave the stack when done In Prime s case t expects a positive whole number on the stack and leaves the stack empty Prime being a simple word uses only primatives In Its definition however It does demonstrate many Important features of FORTH And now for a descr Iptios of Prime We already know that starts a definition Prime Is the name of the definition and the Information In brackets describes how the word Interacts with the stack CR is a carriage return to move down to the next I ne DUP takes the top Item on the stack and duplicates jit We then push four onto the stack so now we have N on the bottom of the stack then out copy of N and finally four on top You might try drawing the stack s contents as we walk through the definition The word lt plucks off the top two numbers If the second number Is less than the first then
145. s nominal clock speed 16 8 bit chip the 8088 whlch Is not greatly faster than the Apple and llli s 8 8 6502 even though the latter has a nominally much lower clock rate APPLEWORKS AF 128456 A1 1 ENE ER LAT ATrAT LATER Bru AT AT A1 A1 DE contd on page 13 Washington Apple Pi In fact a high speed 6502 chip In the Apple a 500 addition given the need to replace memory chips as well outperforms the BM and leaves one wondering why Apple didn t blow the IBM away with a high performance lil The Tandy 2000 and some other high performance clones uses a fast 16 16 bit chip the 80186 and the Macintosh also a fast 32 16 blt chip The Mac Is presumably stowed down somewhat by the overhead created by Its blt mapped screen The Apple III fs somewhat faster than the e The maln differences are due to software with the assembly language programs faster than those In other languages and Lotus having the fastest code on the block have tested other programs on the Apple machines and found that the new AppleWorks at 19 seconds Is somewhat slower than VlslCalc but faster than Advanced VlslCalc s 26 seconds The latter suffers In part from the complexity of Its formatting options Information on which ts carrled In each cell THE Spreadsheet 2 0 a k a Mag cCalc runs about the same as VisiCalc at 15 seconds Ali programs seem to run stightly faster on the Apple Ill VisiCale at 9 seconds d
146. s Journal The fourth session has been changed to follow the Introduction to BASIC programming with a next step course Our able tutors Tom Warrick Bob Platt Bruce Field and Lee Raesly are to be commended for the marvelous job they did last year You will find these evenings to be time well spent if you are a new comer to the Apple Remember you can attend as few as one or as many as all of the sessions according to your Interests Register now for September or October to Insure yourself a seat APPLE TEAS We will try to organize Apple teas again this fall These meetings are small Informal gatherings held around the area to help familiarize people with thelr Apples We want to offer to our members a comfortable place to ask questions and have a hands on opportunity to learn about their computer To do this we need some people to volunteer their homes and others to act as consultants If you are willing to do elther cali Paula Benson co ordinator We wil have a sign up at the August meeting BOOK KEEPER If you have book keeping experience and want to help the club please call Ed Myerson We need someone to provide up to ten hours of assistance per week at least initially While we can not offer fhe highest remuneration we recognize that this level of assistance must be compensated We are particularly interested in someone who has maintained books with an Apple no surprise right 5 DISKETTES Soft sectored double
147. s buy The contract wiil be negotlated separately and therefore may or may not go To the prev tous suppller Elections will be held In September SigMac Offices are Chalr eporter and Llbrarlan Anyone Including al Incumbent officers are ellgible for nomination More than one person can share the Librarian position NEW HARDWARE Tecmar s cartridge hard disk Is very fast compared to the Finder It Is stow however when compared to other hard disks Currently when you come out of an application you must access the main drive before you access the hard diske This Is reportedly beling changed In Version 2 0 of the Finder supposedly due out thts Fall The Tecmar disk Is about 2 000 The max mum data transfer rate Is one megabit per second Rumor has It that Apple will be upgrad ng the serial port to five megabits per second when the 512K upgrade occurs The Tecmar hard disk ties up a serial port the Davong hard d sk allows you to connect a modem while the Rard disk Is connected Jay Heller of Geteco Corp Rockville reported that a digitizer for MacPalnt drawings called a graphics tablet vill be avallable from his company Digltizers can cost from 300 400 tor hobbylst verslons to several thousand dollars for professional verslons A digitizer uses x y coord nates accurately specify pixel positions to more Okidata has announced an Imagewrlter compat ible printer Koala Technologles has a 300 device tht wlll c
148. s not possible for the computer to perform ar thmet c operations on any characters stored as string varlables Appiesoft will not let a string be assigned to a numeric variable They must first be converted to Integer varlables or floating point variables In some cases It Is deslrable to convert string varlables to numeric varfables and vice versa VAL will fetch the string and convert It to a numeric and STR wll fetch the number and convert ft to a string or character varlable Consider the following example Choose one of the following 1 READ data 2 WRITE data 3 PRINT 4 QUIT PROGRAM Which 42 September 1984 The program statement to get the user s response could be written as 330 VTAB18 HTAB18 INPUT Which CHOICE 340 ON CHOICE GOTO 500 600 700 800 or as 530 VTABI8 HTABI8 INPUT Which CHOICES CHO CE VAL CHOICES 340 ON CHOICE GOTO 500 600 700 800 G0T0330 Can you determine which would be the better of the two My choice Is always the latter Looking at the first example If the user accidentally enters a character other than a number a REENTER error would be Issued by Applesoft The second example stores the character typed as a character string converts It to a numeric value and then stores the numeric value tn the var Table CH If a non numerlc character were entered It would return a value of 0 and could be handled by the subsequent program line No REENTER error would be encountered
149. s to DOS In contrast VisiCa c and Advanced V siCalc are the turties of the crowd MULT IPL AN 123456 123 RIC RIC RICeRIC RIC RIC RIC RIC RIC Washington Apple Pi e CONCLUSION TakIng Into account both calculation speed and storage speed machine differences seem to be less pronounced Than software differences and overall differences among spreadsheets very significant Consider a user who runs a 1 000 cel spreadsheet 100 times a year recalculating It once only once because he turns off automatic recalculation each time and of course loading and saving It each time Leaving aside the time needed to boot the spreadsheet program and do have to end these comparisons somewhere total time spent In thumbtwiddi Ing wll be as follows Mach Ine Software Hours Apple e Visicaic 48 Apple VI Adv VC 47 Apple III VisiCalc 37 Apple e Multiplan 19 Acc Apple VisiCalc 18 Apple e AppleWorks 16 Apple III III E Z 14 BM PC Lotus 11 Tandy 2000 Multlplan 9 Macintosh Multiplan 9 Tandy 2000 Muitiplan 8 IBM PC XT Lotus 6 Mac hard disk Lotus 5 Guesst imate Clearly these are stgnlflcant speed differences a best to worst ratio of 1 8 which a heavy user should not Ignore On the data above and valuing time at 20 an hour a heavy user may be payIng 800 a year or more extra for the privilege of using a slow mach ine in some cases this problem can be reduced greatly by switching to better software
150. s told to present The results of adding Al to Al The time necessary to compute or recompute this result is Henderson s performance measure Henderson finds dramatic speed differences For example on the IBM Lotus 1 2 3 performs the test In 3 seconds SuperCalc2 In 7 seconds VisiCalc In 14 seconds and MBA Context In 76 seconds a difference of about 25 to between the fastest and slowest results These differences are strictly software related and reflect primarily language differences MBA ts written In Pascal the others In much faster assembly or C All benchmarks are subject to possible blas Inasmuch as a program or language which Is inefficient for one algorithm may be efficient for another At the end of this article present the results of some sensitivity tests CALCULATION SPEED RESULTS For present purposes the question Is what hardware and software combination gives the most speed The table below presents the results of my research to date all IBM figures from Henderson most others from personal tests The machines are ranked In rough order of speed on the three most popular spreadsheet programs with results In seconds Lotus visi Multi Mach Ine 1 2 3 Calc lan Apple 7 e NA r3 28 Apple Ill NA 9 NA IBM PC 3 14 16 Acc Apple NA 4 22 Mac Intosh NA NA 8 Tandy 2000 2 NA 5 Using Titan s hTgh speed 6502 For the most part these results are not surprising The IBM PC uses a notortously Ineffictent given It
151. sed the tutoriels somewhat to better serve our membership Sesslon 2 now Includes ProDOS and Session 4 has been comp letely changed trom Bits Bytes and Nibbles to intermediate Basic These tutorlals are designed tor beginners They can be taken Individually or tn any order although we suggest that you take Sesslon 3 Welcome to Applesoft Basic before Session 4 Intermediate Applesoftu If you have no experlence with Applesoff A registration form is In the back of this Issue SESSION 1 Introduction to Apple Computer Hardware A Welcome to the World of Apple t Hooking It up disk drives printers TVs amp RF modulators game padd es 2 Inserting and removing cards 3 The keyboard B Handling Floppy Disks 1 Read a catalog 2 Running a program 3 Using the back of the disk C Handy Features 1 Added memory boards 2 Elghty columns 3 Lower Case 4 Fans SESSION 2 How to Use Your Apple Software A Booting a Disk PR 6 and Friends 1 The Autostart ROM 2 The Disk Drive 3 Run the HELLO Program 4 The Worst That Could Happen There Goes 2 90 Down the Drain B CATALOG What s on This OIsk 1 The File Name 30 characters 2 Locked or Unlocked 3 File types A B T R 4 File Size l Sectors C Other Important DOS 3 3 Commands 1 General DOS Syntax a The command word b The fli ename c Other Information e g new fijename loading saving address d Slot drive volume e Must start at
152. sided double density with TYVEK envelopes hub ring and write protect tabs Lifetime Warranty 10 for 15 50 100 for 149 00 H amp S ASSOCIATES 12710 Longleaf Lane Herndon VA 22070 703 437 3691 703 250 4434 2 for UPS VA residents 4 tax 2 for COD Washington Apple Pi LN N ee VUES PP Py jenem ss LUI Have a problem are VOLUNTEERS indicated Users limited to documentation General Accounting Packages Accountant Dec Sup Home Accountant APPLE SSC Apple TechNotes AppleWorks Communications Package Anchor Mark 12 Apple CAT II ASCII Express BIZCOMP Modem General Hayes Smartmodem Omninet VISITERM XTALK CP M Comm Computers Specific Apple c Apple e Lisa Macintosh Corvus Hard Disk Data Bases dBase II DB Master Data Perfect Data Factory General Manager InfoMaster List Handler PFS QuickFile II Exped ter Compiler Graphics Languages A Applesoft A Washington Apple Pi those you OTL INE have purchased Dave Harvey 703 Robert Martin 301 Mark Pankin 703 Leon Raesly 301 Bernie Benson 301 Lance Bel 703 Shirley Weaver 301 Carl Eisen 703 J J Finkelstein 301 s and Modems Telecom The following club members have agreed to help Respect all telephone restrictions where listed and no calls after 10 00 PM except where of the Hotline are reminded that calls regarding commercial software Please do not
153. sing features very nice utility by Cralg Peterson Print Using A Friends was published In Call A P P L E in Depth Number 1 and will also handle the problem However for quick and dirty programs the following program segment will round to three digits 200 A STRSCINTCTOOO A 5 210 A LEFT AS LEN A 3 amp HRIGHTS A 3 220 PRINT A read somewhere that you can use your video tape machine as a relay for using your color TV as a monitor As remember it the article sald you plug the monitor output into the video in on the VIR This it said allowed you to use the TV without putting another connection onto the antenna Screws on the back of the set Also you use the VTR instead of an RF modulator think understand that but It also sald Washington Apple Pi Q something about being able to record your material on the VTR Now and can t find the article again i m wondering if that means you can use the video tape as a backup Or am off base completely To answer your last question first yes You can take the video monitor output from your Apple and connect it To the VTR video Input On my VIR If you select the TV position the antenna signal Is routed unchanged through the VTR to the TV If you select the CASSETTE or VTR position the video signal from the Apple is converted to a channel 53 TV signal using the VTR s internal RF modulator and sent to the TV You can record the vide
154. t effective way to approach the concept As a further classification Dr Morar lu distinguished between utlilty software In which the user provides the Input and the computer Improves the output by overcoming user IImitatlons and Instructional Software In which the computer provides the Input to the user The user does the thinking and the alm of the software Is to enhance user potential Problems with utJIIty software can be that the new techniques require too much learning that the program Is too constrictive or that the program Is too complex In Instructional programming It may be that the method or strategy Is Inappropriate that the new tool actually becomes a barrier to effective learning or that the program Is unable to handle creative responses In an example shown by Dr Morarlu a program asked questions In words but would only score as correct answers that were given numerically Considerable study Is being given to the motivational effects of video game arcades which seem to be Immune to conventional theorles about length of attention span Some factors which appeared to be relevant were the existence of clear cut goals the fast pace h igh response rate havo Infinite Vat ml bs p for The EU apqut leve uteg challenge ultimately you never win so where Is Mastery Learning now the Infinite possibility of Improvement the direct manipulation of objects on the screen and the minimising o
155. t to four times the original size and save the enlargement In four new documents which can then be printed and fastened together Be sure you have enough space on the disk and some time to kill It takes 25 30 minutes In theory you could run the program on the four new documents and so on to produce even bigger pictures FONTLIST BAS by Daniel Smith This program will produce a list of all fonts currently In the system and thelr corresponding font number XREF BAS by Christopher Allen This program willl create a cross reference listing of variables and references In a MS Basic program COMPARE BAS by John W Baxter This will two text flles and ilst the differences compare SUPER by Larry Gust A little something to amuse you DSKZAP BAS by Gary Boudreaux This Is a program which allows you to read edit and write 5l2 byte data blocks directly to from the disk In the Mac Internal drive MacTEP RM A MacTEP il by Dennis Brothers Loftus Becker and Ralph Miller MacTEP RM Is based on Dennis Brothers MacTEP version 1 87 and has all of Its features as well as corrects some errors it also Incorporates Lofty Becker s mouse menus Its primary Innovations Is a full auto logon sequence not just auto dlal Ing but full auto logon Washington Apple Pi The Entertalner Muslc routine by Dennis Brothers Mus c by Scot Joplin coded by Dana Schwartz that qood old MacSound MacMonltor by VWlilalm B Schul
156. t witness program and filing amicus curiae briefs in appropriate cases Before beginning their activities member organizations were warned that their first order of business is to make sure that their own company has a written enforceable anti piracy policy in place for its employees and that any illegal copies of disks be destroyed The Software Protection Fund indicated that user groups could take a leading role in stemming software piracy Mitch Kapor asked that all user groups adopt policies similar to those initiated by the Capital PC User Group including Take all copy protection break schemes off any user group sanctioned Bulletin Board Systems BBSs e Do not publish copy protection break schemes in user group publications Do not sell copy protection break software and e Educate your users about the seriousness of the issue EXPAND YOUR APPLE POWER ROBINS BRINGS THE SMALL USER SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT AT A REASONABLE COST INTERS 0 cps 20 cps 80 cps 5 megabyte removable disk for only 1675 MICROORIVE 1 from TDS MAC 3 5 DISKS 4 25 ea FOR APPLE II MAC DISK BOXES 3 50 ea Single d OU MAC DISK FLIP FILES 21 95 ea w controller 259 holds 50 e A w controller 509 EPSON Ribbons for MX RX FX 80 reloads 1 95 MICRODRIVE IIC by TDS 5 95 oa For APPLE IG Cartridge Ribbon for APPLE Most of the contributed funds will be used to carry out 2007 RE IMAGEWRITER 3
157. tems the compiler produces actual machine code P code is intended to be a universal language like Pascal itself which can be run on many different machines Apple Pascal has an interpreter which translates p code into machine instructions and then executes them Thus even though it is compiled the code must still go through another step interpreting before it can do anything Pascal code files may also contain machine language procedures which are produced by the Assembler another program and tied into the Pascal program as it is being compiled They may also be linked by the Linker of course with p code later on When p code and assembly code are mixed in the same code file the system puts in markers so it knows whether the instructions are to be interpreted or executed directly About SEGMENTS most large programs are broken into sections or segments As programs grow in size it becomes necessary to collect a number of procedures functions and treat them as a single procedure function called a segment The advantage of doing so is that this block of code will be loaded into memory only when it it called by the main program This makes more memory available for the program s use Since the segment doesn t reside in memor unless in use you can make it stay if you want it to it should be a mini program That is be able to do everything it is supposed to and then get out of the way Declaring the title page initializi
158. teve Ballmer of Microsoft and Mitchell Kapor of Lotus Development Corporation echoed these sentiments At the same time Mitch Kapor called upon software publishers to acknowledge a social contract between purchasers of software and the publishers Under such a contract publishers have an obligation to provide users with e Quality products with a strong warranty guaranteeing that they will function as advertised e Helpful and understandable documentation and e Timely service and technical support to registered Sar users As their part of this social contract users are obligated lo e Honor any licensing and site agreements particularly in making sure that all software in use has been properly purchased and e Discourage software piracy by not sharing software with others What is the Software Protection Fund What is their purpose What do their activities mean to CPCUG and to computer users Because I believe the SPF will have a serious impact on the microcomputer software industry during the next few years think it important to bring this Organization and its activities to the attention of the CPCUG membership Background The Software Protection Fund is a standing committee ol ADAPSO the Association of Data Processing and Ser vice Organizations Its purpose is to establish and im plement a realistic action oriented program to frustrate ilegal copying of microprocessor software The roots of the SPF ca
159. the left margin INIT filename initializing a Disk LOAD filename for Applesoft end Integer RUN filename SAVE fllename BRUN BLOAD and BSAVE DELETE filename LOCK and UNLOCK Text Files a Very Brief Introduction vi sl AWA UN e 46 D Useful DOS 3 3 Ut tlItles 1 FID File Developer 2 COPYA 3 BOOT 13 and MUFFIN E Introduction to ProDOS 1 2 3 FILER 4 Pathnames Smart run CONVERT Further Reading 1 The DOS Manual s SESSION Beneath Apple DOS A11 About DOS INTBASIC and INTEGER BASIC DISK The WAP New Member Disk Disk Recovery Programs 3 Welcome to Applesof t Basic A What Is Programming B The PRINT Statement C Varlables 1 means string 2 means Integer D INPUT statement E Arrays F Immediate Mode vs Stored Program 1 Line numbers 2 LIST NEW DEL G Changlng a Program Line H Running a Program 1 RUN 2 CONT 3 CLEAR 4 END 1 Loop Ing J Branch Ing SESSION 4 This ts a continuation of Bas len A Subrout Ines 1 GOSUB RETURN 2 POP B Graphics September 1984 Intermediate Applesoft Welcome to Applesoft 1 Low resolution graphics 2 High resolution graphics In monochrome contd on page 35 Washington Apple Pi Nur For the Apple The Internist A Review by Bob Oringel The Internist Is a human disease dlagnosls program reviewed here for the WAP membersh p especlal y the
160. the orlglnal If you have two drives you can use both for copying You can Insert a new blank into one drive while making coples n the second drive This feature requires more than the standard 64K of RAM and Dlversl copy wll recognize all of the major RAM cards Including the 192K Neptune card from Tltan Technologles Diversi copy wlll work with a one disk drive 48K Apple but vill require up to 4 disk swaps to copy a full disk The program has an Internal disk speed tester and Its results are automatically displayed during the copy ng process The disk also Inctudes a routine that wil format new disks In DOS 3 3 ProDOS UCSD p System or CP M format However Olverst copy does not write a copy of the operating system on the disks that It formats Although these disks give you 3 extra tracks for data they cannot be used to boot your Apple Diversi copy wil copy 40 track disks and can compare two disks for any differences 45 2t DOGFIGHT by BIII Basham an arcade game that Is Included as a bonus The disk Includes a copy of Dlvers DOS version of DOS 5 5 as Its operating system Disk 130 Divers 1 00S a quicker See WAP The author requests that you pay 30 for a license If you copy Divers DOS onto your Washington Apple Pi other disks Upon payment of the 30 DSR wll send you a copy of Disk 130 Visicolumn from page 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Bethesda Computers and the Bethesda Radio Shack Com
161. the program Is In line 70 where an INPUT command is used to get values for x y and B from the mouse controller in Slot 4 with a joystick PDL O and PDL 1 would have been used Lines 40 60 initialize the mouse as Input and the screen for output Line 80 wil force the program to end If a key has been hit If the button on the mouse is pressed line 90 will direct control to the beginning of the program which clears the screen Out of range coordinates are covered In lines 100 110 Programming In assembler s not as easy however the controller will generate Interrupts when the mouse Is moved This is what allows for the smooth motion on The screen Apple Pascal 1 2 released this spr Ing has the mouse driver routines included with It This means Pascal programmers can easily Include the mouse in their nicely structured programs MousePal nt Stores plctures as regular HiRes BSAVED files on the disk This allows MousePalnt pictures to be manipulated and printed with other graphics utilities Pictures from other programs can be used with MousePalnt must mention a few problems with the mouse and MousePalnt The mouse controller card seems to be affecting my CP M sottcard Attempt Ing to warm boot CP M often locks up the machine forcing a reset MousePalnt presently can only send output to the Apple dot matrix printer or the ImageWriter This think wilt change X soon A separate flle on the MousePalnt ProDOS disk Is call PRINTORIVER an
162. thels provides a subset of the Apple monitor commands on the Mac One or more commands can be entered on the same Line separated by one or more blanks Al numeric Input Is entered In hex Letter commands can be entered In elther upper or lower case In the MacPalnt folder Exploslon range of pess Imism a wlde bit of The Mac can be used to express emotions Including In this case a Ground Hog Day 1984 This year being the year of the Mac has held a few surprizes for all of us The First Night Do you remember the night you got yours sure do It was March 22 1984 in the Macwrlte fotder MSBASIC Fixes A Ilst of the bugs corrected in ver slon 1 01 of MS BASIC MacMon Doc Documentation for MacMonltor MACTEP 1 87 Doc verslon of MacTEP Documentation for the latest DISK 45 DIVERSI COPY This disk Is not In the public domain Rather Its author BII Basham Is sufflcently confident about the quallty of his product that he Is allowIng you to test It for free under an honor system If you decide to keep and use the program he requests that you send 50 to OSR at the address Included on the disk You wiii then recelve a user support number and any later verslons of the program 45 1t Olversl copy Is a disk copying program that Is fester than COPYA or FID It Includes a nice mass production feature which wlil read the entire disk Into memory and then write multiple coples without rereading
163. til the Index Is equal to or greater than the IImit at which time the code after LOOP Js executed Inside the loop we DUP Icate N The word I makes a copy of the Index from the return stack and puts It on the parameter stack We then divide the copy of N with I with MOO remembering that we are only Interested In the remainder In this way as the loop Index Is incremented we start our division with three and add two with each Iteration of the loop If there Is a remainder then we continue the loop until the Index reaches the limit If MOD returns zero we print the last N leaving the stack empty and a string saying N Is not prime push 1 on the stack as a flag for latter In the program and LEAVE the loop since e have found a number that divides N evenly The fas line Is a tittle tricky Remember that the stack will contaln N If no number has been found to divide Jt end 1 If It was divided without remainder DUP Ing the top number we test to see If It Is larger than zero f It Is we print N leaving the stack empty and Washington Apple Pi Calling CompuServe with an Apple by Hobart S Cable 1 APPLE USERS Old you know there Is a very active Apple Sectlon In the Micronet Apple Users Group MAUG on CompuServe The original Apple Serve experiment conducted by Apple Computer December 1985 to February 1984 was a tremendously successful forum for the exchange of Apple Information The
164. to enable Mac software developers to program on the Mac Instead of on the Lisa by October Also COLOR MACS are coming Remember these are rumorsi YOUR HELP REQUESTEO I d love to pass along your experlences with the Mac If you have any news you d Itke to see In this column you may drop me a line at P O Box 19142 Washington DC 20036 call me at home before 9 00 p m at 703 765 4503 or call me at the office at 202 475 4940 Il also take Information at meetings that s me up there taking notes Thanks FILE CABINET FIXES WAP JOURNAL 6 83 FILEHANDLER UPDATE WAP JOURNAL 12 85 File Cabinet Goes to the Races WAP JOURNAL 12 85 As always If you have any comments or suggestions l can be reached at 779 4632 or by mall through the Wash Ington Apple Pl office September 1984 43 APPLE TECH NOTES by Richard Langston In the second installment of this column Applesoft notes will be presented HCOLOR AND HPLOT TO HCOLOR immediately followed by an HPLOT TO X Y will draw a line using the previous color This is because HPLOT TO assumes that the internal color mask has already been set up by HPLOT An HPLOT is required to plot with the new color NUMERIC COMPARISON PROBLEMS When two numbers print as equal but an IF statement doesn t think that they are equal then the least significant bits in the internal binary storage format of the numbers is probably different Applesoft s PRINT statement will truncate a n
165. to pay 70 to 100 per year Problems with dealers should be reported to the Apple Tech Support Center in Charlotte North Carolina A dealer Is supposed to repair you computer even f you did not buy t from that store Jf It Is an authorized Apple dealer COMPARISON OF MAC CARRYING CASES A flambouyant fashlon show displayed four styles of Mac carrylng cases In order of smallest to largest they were Apple ist 100 MacTote list 100 MacPak ist 79 and the Scottie MacCase list 114 The Apple carrying case Is stylish and soft It Is sprayed with an ant l statlc chemical that is supposed to last two years It s acceptable for airline carry on luggage The MacTote had external pouches and a hard top and bottom MacPak has a rigid frame but the top and sides are soft A separate case for the printer can be placed on top of the MacPak The MacPak Is worn on the back The Scottile MacCase Is the most expensive but also the most rigidly protecting of the Mac It Js a formflt case Members were warned not to use styrofoam for carrying cases as this material retalns static electricity and Is therefore dangerous to Mac s health THINK TANK A demonstration of Think Tank imitations of this organizing tool Illustrated the Think Tank September 1984 17 ocenes from the Mac Software Sampler d ile News Portfolio Graph dese HTETI EA Appio Col Uuj inple tomputer z Soil Apple Computer t l Chi Letter List Merge
166. tont Vint boner is ES IETS Jones Mdfrevsez 33 Fust Ave UltgsLos Angeles State A 1591001 SatotstinsMr Jones Miesin Msterk tati Option Put Option ON Thank you for joining th N should you choose to ace j sais 1 Seek out and destroy the rebet 2 Inflitrete the enemy hesdquart 3 Staal the plans to the secret wet 4 Return unharmed and undetect ME 1f you have any questio d contribution to this prof a Ti will self d Week IS his message tel bes ell Tondy reported thot cn ecrihquoke demoged te al computer plant N CemesSam Smith Bttretgo 34 Lowell Ave Cigetew Tork dE Seere announced 5 new Kenmore models The High Perlormance Solivare To Beolonal Mangosri From National Sales Manaoer Subject Solsaforscorta The tolloving chart compares the industry average forecoste vith the KEE ELL Microsoft national forecasts based on the three region totals Sch Sales Forecast 1979 1964 Bi 350 00 Rent S x Bp ttsooo vimu ide E is i DN 200 00 Auto t HY 31275001 cer pe ern LL IS dS A 100001 neun DE mr D dif A 100001 Misco 2 Disse Grocer ICM MATL ORDER PRICES PI 9 C7 ION Tas QPPLE EN quo c NOQOPPLE T I SOFTWARE MONITORS DISK DRIVES Home Accountant 49 Amdek Amdek Amdisk I 3 286 241 Multiplan eene nee 169 Green 12 5 129 Micro Sci A2 w c 289 pfs File Graph 89 Amber 12 144 Tan
167. uld support the Fund and its goals This is a problem affect ing every computer company those who don t support the Fund will be walking the balance sheet plank That s about as romantic as having your head propped up on some Virginia pole Vendor Relations User s Rights and The Software Protection Fund by Dave Browning Elsewhere in this issue Jerry Schneider reports on the microcomputer software industry s Software Protection Fund that has been organized to fight software piracy At the Atlanta COMDEX in May Jerry Jimmie Faris and attended a meeting of the SPF at the invitation of David Cole one of the co chairmen Jerry describes the back ground purpose and direction of the SPF so won t discuss them here do want to let you know what feel this activity means to us as end users and what think we should be doing about it The three of us were invited to the SPF meeting as representatives of CPCUG because of our group s phi losophy and policies against software piracy We were the September 1984 37 only user group representatives there The attendees of the meeting were primarily members of the vendor com munity industry trade journal reporters or members of ADAPSO the Association of Data Processing and Ser vice Organizations At this point in time the SPF is entirely nade up of vendors vendor organizations or trade journal publishers Despite several statements made by the co chairmen about the ri
168. ull advantage of these things you Washington Apple Pi should joln CompuServe and participate In MAUG Section 7 reallze that a modem can be a slzeable Investmant that not everyone can handle But jt Is at least something to consider Also using CompuServe may not be as costly as you think Stay tuned for the next Installment to find cut how you can bypass all the menus and read the Apple messages dally for as little as 25 a day Forth Challenge from p 27 PRINT PERMUTE WORKAREA SWAP OUP FACTORIAL O DO 20UP TYPE CR SWAP OVER SWAP LOOP 2DROP PERMUTE BL WORD HERE C8 1 DO PERMUTE 7 EMIT HERE C8 PRINT PERMUTE The word PERMUTE followed by a group of n letters eg ABCD wll produce all the possible permutations of ABCD which are then listed by the word PRINT PERMUTE In addition to putting these words Into the FORTH dictionary space must be allocated In memory for the WORKAREA This can be done by the words VARIABLE WORKAREA 5000 ALLOT which will allocate 5000 bytes In memory the number of bytes necessary is given by n n Now for the bottom line of this article the results of the speed comparison between LISP and FORTH In his article Bill Wurzel stated that LISP took 42 Seconds to permute 6 letters The FORTH words glven above did the job In 17 seconds less than half The time for a program written In LISP a language specifically designed for maniputating lists a clear victory for the sophisticated
169. ulletin board possibili ities A special thank you is extended to Tom Warrick for his time and effort as sysop SUMMARY OF AUGUST EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING The Executive Board of Washington Apple Pi Ltd met on August 6 1984 at the WAP office Ed Myerson presented the budget for June 1 1984 to May 31 1985 No particular pattern was found for those who drop their Pi membership Bob Platt s proposal was approved that WAP enter into a license with Voliton Systems to distribute thelr Modula 2 compiler provided that WAP is not held liable for software piracy and a minimum number of participants are obtained Jay Thal will pol the membership through the Journal and the ABBS to find out how many handicapped people do not have access to the WAP office 789 Paragon Technologies Inc GE offers classes in our IBM PC laboratory and Apple lle laboratory in McLean Getting Started With The Micro Computer VISICALC LOTUS 4 2 3 d Base Il WordStar Programming in BASIC Compuler assisted SAT preparation All classes are hands on with one person per computer Call 556 9659 or write to us P O Box 6128 McLean Virginia 22106 Washington Apple Pi September 1984 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNE SDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY raar EE BLS BEE BE Be DR Rd 1 1 1 1 1 3 40g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 d 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1
170. umber that is ex tremely close to being an integer For example 3 2 and 3 3 will both print as 9 but they won t compare as equal Printing 3 2 3 3 will result in SES and the expression 3 3 3 3 will be false 0n page 18 of the Applesoft Reference Manual there is a formula to round Applesoft real numbers to a speci fied number of decimal places and on page 22 there is a program to limit the number of digits to the right of the decimal point OVERFLOW ERROR ON FIRST LINE OF PROGRAM If the first number in the first line of the first program run after booting DOS is a negative number Applesoft might return an OVERFLOW ERROR This usually occurs when the first statement is CALL 936 which can be replaced with HOME DIRECTLY PRINTING THE TEXT SCREEN TO A PRINTER The exact contents of the text screen can be sent to a printer with the following program It uses the VTAB command to find the starting address of each line and adds a character counter to index across the screen This can easily be included as a subroutine in an application program 10 FOR V 1 TO 24 20 VTAB V 30 PAPEEK 40 PEEK 41 256 40 FOR H 0 TO 39 50 PRINT CHR PEEK P H 60 NEXT H 70 PRINT 80 NEXT V 90 END limits of V and H in lines 10 and 40 program to send only part of the Decreasing the will limit the screen FRE 0 PRINT FRE 0 can cause the Apple to hang if it is done in command mode immediately after loading a program from
171. uter e Authorized Dealer Washington Apple PI Ltd D seen TRA E 8227 Woodmont Avenue Suite 201 1 RK d 10 Bethesda MD 20814 Mv V ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED ST CLASS A REFURBISHED DAISY WHEEL TERMINAL FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS AND SMALL BUSINESSES Three In One Offer Just 598 Includes On Site Warranty 9 A 30 cps letter quality printer 9 A timesharing keyboard terminal when modem equipped A Selectric style keyboard typewriter AJ daisy wheel printer terminals are renowned for And you can choose from a list of options including exceptional performance high reliability and applications forms tractor pin feed platen paper trays side shelves versatility Now you can have all this for only 598 in our extra printwheels APL keyboard and 2K buffer special limited offer For information telephone 301 840 5700 30 cps letter quality printing John Noble DC Sean Belanger Changeable type faces f WETTER EE RE A MD Jim Burrell VA numeric pad High resolution X Y plotting Complete electronic forms control Suggested selling price excludes options 128 character buffer S and is subject to change without notice g S Model shown includes certain options Asynchronous RS 232 interface Offer available only in the contiguous U S Printwheel ribbon cartridge and cable included 30 day parts labor warranty 9 Full ASCII keyboard with 8 1
172. waiting list from Ron Boring Apple s Business Manager for the Middle East Mr Boring stated that a high U S demand coupled with a decision by Apple s management to dramat ical ly o HI Mac Section SON A my Mac was ready for pickup that afternoon ran to see my friend who was also on the list and by that afternoon there were 15 of us in line to pick up our machines All the months of grumb ing suddenly seemed forgotten and watching the dealer unpack our machines and test them out made the day seem like Christmas If you Ignored the fact that it was 1129 outside The machines were standard U S Macs no foreign character sets or welrd voltages and the package included the latest versions of MacWrite and MacPalnt About the only disappointment were that there weren t any carrying cases of security kits the smali gift turned out to be Click Art and not MultiPlan as had been rumored and that the dealer had absolutely no accessories or software of any kind for sale along with the Macs Thinking ahead came back from vacation with a box of microdisks wonder how long it will take the other people on the list to fill up their one blank disk Oh well time to start answering the ads In the magaz Ines So the Macintosh is firmly established here in the Saudi sands and we eagerly await the avallability of more software The letter of complaint expected to write on August lith has been rendered unnecessary and can sp
173. ysis screen the physlclan may proceed to the reference disk after Identifying In which drive It Is resident In the reference mode the program wll display al of the symptoms of a referenced disease The pooled analysts Ists a ranking of diseases or conditions In which the symptoms occur In the order of number of given symptoms per diseases can exceed 200 The Internist program can diagnosis 331 condltlons or d seases Both References and Dlagnoses may be viewed on or sent to a printer screen The Inten st Includes a 26 page Instruction manual which Is clearly written and professlonally printed This reviewer Is not trained In medicine and so can only attest to the program s working as advertised It did A couple of closing thoughts aside triggered by The Internist and again as a layman Even with the understand Ing that medicine constantly updates prescribed drugs wouldn t It be even more helpful to the physlclan If the dlagnos s was followed b prescription s of medicines to accompany diagnos Is And lastiy one wonders If programs of this type vii be the forerunners of do lt yourself medicine for one truly hope not Washington Apple Pi September 1984 DISCOUNT PRICES sss SAFT Standby Power Monitors Amdek Color 1 292 OB Master Amdek RGB Color Il 420 Grappler Printer Card Amdek 2008 155 Specify Printer 115 NEC 1260 Green 120

Washington Apple Pi Journal, September 1984

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