Automatic external defibrillator with active status indicator
Contents
1. NILA HONOL LON 00 NOTE Nd AN3LLVg 8c ALY A6 9c 9 DH 42010 3NWIL TV38 HOLIMS N3MOd AM3LLVg 07 22 U S Patent Jul 30 2013 Sheet 5 of 5 US 8 498 701 B2 US 8 498 701 B2 1 AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR WITH ACTIVE STATUS INDICATOR RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U S patent applica tion Ser No 10 678 593 entitled Automatic External Defibrillator with Active Status Indicator filed Oct 2 2003 now U S Pat No 7 930 023 which is a continuation in part of U S patent application Ser No 10 453 312 filed Jun 3 2003 now U S Pat No 7 495 413 which is a continuation of U S patent application Ser No 09 960 859 filed Sep 21 2001 now U S Pat No 6 577 102 The complete disclosure of each of the above identified applications is hereby fully incorporated herein by reference BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to external defibrillators and more specifically to automatic external defibrillators AED having active status indicators that provide a continu ous indication related to the operational readiness of the defibrillator The invention further relates to AEDs having other operation indicators that provide indications related to the condition of the defibrillator during use 2 Description of Related Art Conventional AEDs perform periodic self tests to deter mine the op2. provides visual and or audible indications of the condition of a defibrillator during use These indications relate to the operation of the AED in conjunction with the electrode pad assembly used to monitor a patient s heart activity and admin ister defibrillation shocks An AED related to this aspect of the invention includes defibrillation circuitry housed within an enclosure and an electrode pad assembly adapted for electrical communication with the defibrillation circuitry at one end and a patient at the other end The AED further includes a processor programmed to monitor the operation of the defibrillation circuitry and electrode pad assembly and a visual indicator positioned at the exterior of the enclosure and operatively connected to the processor The AED may also include a speaker The proces sor is programmed to control the visual indicator and or speaker in response to the results ofthe operation monitoring These and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example the features of the invention BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG 1A illustrates a top sectional view of an AED with a battery pack installed FIG 1B illustrates a top sectional view ofthe AED with the battery pack removed FIG 2 illustrates a bottom view of the battery pack FIG 3 illustrates a side sectional view of the AED includ
3. 85 2000 5 964 786 A 10 1999 Ochs et al Machine translation of JP 2001178021 5 999 493 A 12 1999 Olson 3 6 016 059 A 1 2000 Morgan cited by examiner U S Patent Jul 30 2013 Sheet 1 of 5 US 8 498 701 B2 U S Patent Jul 30 2013 Sheet 2 of 5 US 8 498 701 B2 138 110 FIG 2 ba M A DEED MERI Weer al WERE TE Sa UN Hu COLI LELE US 8 498 701 B2 Sheet 3 of 5 Jul 30 2013 U S Patent koe Dov AAL 999 595 665 39079280 2 AUOWJH YOLETONI AJONSH 069 O01 JH FRE NOLO THES i A EAE M NILA man NOXIA t 095 77 MIL 73M APT SPOMIOS NIONVADO 0 AMOS 021 9 OR ae BEANS ETS OLIMS op ANONOOSS f af HBP SCS SHINO 05 02 MA 9 65 7 id VA HUKS 65 y3MOd po 7 Md mae d vy x veg LINN i YIMOd NIVW Trid NT 16 OES ole LINN NIVW OIS AIL ee US 8 498 701 B2 Sheet 4 of 5 Jul 30 2013 U S Patent er V3yV NIVW 0 YOLYOIONI 52115 e 3JALL2V ALND 06532094 02 20 8r OU TT LETS WANG WANG 8 O O an 037 9 2
4. A size batter ies or four C size batteries The five A size batteries or four C size batteries are connected in series Also two sets con nected in parallel of five 25 A batteries connected in series can be used for the battery unit 410 The battery unit 410 prefer ably powers electronics anda charger located in AED 100 battery pack 110 also includes a secondary power supply such as secondary battery 420 The secondary battery 420 powers at least a portion of at least one of the AED and the battery pack 110 in an alternate mode such as when at least a portion of the AED is powered off Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the secondary battery 420 could also be used to power the AED during other modes such as a sleep mode or when the AED is powered on The secondary battery 420 typically includes a single 9 Volt battery but other power supplies could be used such as other sized batteries or other forms of energy storage In a preferred embodiment the battery pack 110 accommodates replacement of the second ary battery 420 The secondary battery 420 can be sized smaller than the battery unit 410 and contain energy sufficient to power for example electric circuitry of the AED 100 and the battery PCB 140 The secondary battery 420 can be used to power circuitry exclusive of a state of the battery unit 410 and without drain ing power from the battery unit Diodes 502 FIG 5 electri cally isolate the battery unit
5. extended position In the normally extended position a latch ing end 134 of the latch 130 extends to enter a corresponding slot 136 located in the AED 100 The latch 130 is moveable in a plane parallel to the spring 132 to compress the spring 132 to release the latching end 134 from the slot 136 When the latching end 134 is released from the slot 136 an ejection spring 137 located on the AED 100 pushes on the battery pack 110 to eject the battery pack 110 from the battery well 120 The battery pack 110 includes a slot 138 from which the latch 130 extends Even ina fully contracted position the latch 130 extends past the slot 138 The battery pack 110 also includes a printed circuit board PCB 140 including exposed electrical terminals 150 to con nect the printed circuit board 140 to electrical circuitry con tained in the AED 100 as described in more detail below The PCB 140 includes electrical components that connect to cir cuitry of the AED 100 when the battery pack 110 is installed in the AED 100 The battery pack 110 includes a window 160 that is located proximate to a visual indicator such as light emitting diode LED 550 FIG 5 The window 160 allows an operator to view the LED 550 when the battery pack 110 is removed from the AED 100 Thus the operator can determine a status of at least one of the AED 100 and the battery pack 110 independent of the battery pack 110 being connected to the AED 100 It should be appreciated that th
6. 0 or the battery unit 410 or secondary battery 420 are depleted The micro controller 520 monitors a signal of a comparator connected to secondary battery 420 to monitor a status ofthe secondary battery 420 for example to determine whether or not power of the secondary battery 420 is low or depleted Regarding the main unit circuitry 505 a digital signal processor DSP 562 processes instructions and data of the AED 100 The DSP 562 connects with a charger circuit 563 and discharger circuit 565 to control the charging and dis charging of main unit capacitor 564 The capacitor charger 563 connects the battery unit 410 to the capacitor 564 The capacitor 564 connects to a discharge circuit 565 that con nects to patient interface 566 to deliver shocks to the patient The micro controller 520 also controls an active status indicator AST which in one embodiment is a red and green LED 567 located on the AED 100 In an alternate embodi ment the ASI may include two separate LEDs a red LED and a green LED The micro controller 520 connects to the red and green LED 567 for example via pins of the main unit connector 530 The micro controller 520 causes the LED 567 to blink green when the AED 100 is operating properly and causes the LED 567 to blink red when components of the AED are not within the acceptable operating range for example a component of the AED 100 failed during a self test procedure If the LED 567 is not blinking when the batt
7. 4 1998 Vincent et al 5749902 5 1998 Ol 1 6 198 253 3 2001 Kurle et al 24025 Fondi et 3i 6 366 809 BI 4 2002 Olson et al 5 792 190 A 8 1998 Olson et al 607 5 SOPRA 612003 Modera 5 797 969 A 8 1998 Olson et al 6 577 102 6 2003 Vai al 5 800460 A 9 1998 Powers et al d asnys etan 5817 151 X 10 1998 Olson et al 6 650 942 2 11 2003 Howard et al 5 846 264 A 12 1998 Anderson et al 0959 804 DL 1O00 cvs Stal 405 754 S 2 1999 Barkley et al OTHER PUBLICATIONS 5 868 790 2 1999 Vincent et al 5 868 794 2 1999 Barkley et al Hewlett Packard 43110 Defibrillator Monitor Operating Guide DIE qn Hh Fon p 25 309 tg V 5 889 388 3 1999 Cameron et al Aligent Heartstream FR2 M3860A M3861A User s Guide pgs 5 889 925 A 3 1999 Tsurutani et al 2 1 2 2 204 4 5 and B6 assumed published prior to filing date 5 891 049 A 4 1999 Cyrus et al Medtronic Physio Control Lifepack 500 automated external 5 897 576 4 1999 Olson et al defibrillator Service Manual pp 3 of 12 4 12 7 of 12 10 of 12 12 of D409 752 S 5 1999 Bishay et al 12 5 899 926 A 5 1999 Ochs et al Medtronic Physio Control Lifepak amp 500 Automated External 2 P e Defibrillator Operating Instructions pp 2 5 2 6 5 7 5 11 5 16 5 5944741 A 8 1999 Ochs et al I Mat 200L 5951485 A 9 1999 Cyrus et al Survivalink FirstSave Operation and Service Manual pp 20 5 955 956 9 1999 Stendahl et al 29 31 65 70 84 and
8. 410 from the secondary battery 420 Electric circuitry of the battery pack PCB 140 is described in more detail below with regard to FIG 5 Such circuitry includes a socket to removably receive a memory device FIG 4 such as a memory card 430 or a multi media card MMC When the AED 100 is powered on and attached to the patient the memory card 430 records the patient s electro cardiogram ECG signals audio signals received from a microphone located on the AED 100 and other operational information such as results of an analysis done on the patient by software of the AED 100 The memory card 430 may also hold files that may be used to upgrade the software of the AED 100 or to provide user training mode software for the AED FIG 5 shows a block diagram illustrating battery pack circuitry 500 contained with the battery pack 110 for example on the battery pack PCB 140 and main unit cir cuitry 505 The circuitry 500 includes a main power switch 510 The main power switch 510 connects with a digital logic such as micro controller 520 that turns the main power switch 510 on and off and controls other circuitry 500 of the battery pack PCB 140 In addition to or in place of the micro controller 520 the digital logic can also include a micropro cessor a programmable logic device PLD a gate array and a custom integrated circuit Other digital logic could also be used such as a Programmable Interface Controller PIC manufactured by Mic
9. CG analysis is not possible and has ceased analyzing The DSP 18 deter mines this condition by monitoring the ECG signal as previ ously described with respect to patient motion signal inter ference and check pads While the other LEDs may blink during this process the analyzing LED will not be lit during this message While the invention has been described above by reference to various embodiments it will be understood that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be understood as an illus tration of the presently preferred embodiments of the inven tion and not as a definition of the invention It is only the following claims including all equivalents which are intended to define the scope of this invention What is claimed is 1 An external defibrillator comprising a battery defibrillation circuitry the defibrillation circuitry powered by the battery and including a micro controller programmed to conduct a self test and programmed to perform a rescue by executing a program stored thereon the self test including at least some portion of the defibrillation circuitry the self test being capable of determining an operational sta tus of the external defibrillator and an active status indicator comprising a first light source that illuminates the first light source operated by the programming running
10. a2 United States Patent Vaisnys et al US008498701B2 US 8 498 701 B2 Jul 30 2013 10 Patent No 45 Date of Patent 54 75 73 21 22 65 63 51 52 58 AUTOMATIC EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR WITH ACTIVE STATUS INDICATOR Inventors Gintaras A Vaisnys Chicago IL US Giovanni C Meier Madison CT US Glenn W Laub Princeton NJ US Assignee Defibtech LLP Chicago IL US Notice Subject to any disclaimer the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U S C 154 b by 87 days This patent is subject to a terminal dis claimer Appl No 13 086 436 Filed Apr 14 2011 Prior Publication Data US 2011 0190838 A1 Aug 4 2011 Related U S Application Data Continuation of application No 10 678 593 filed on Oct 2 2003 now Pat No 7 930 023 which is a continuation in part of application No 10 453 312 filed on Jun 3 2003 now Pat No 7 495 413 which is a continuation of application No 09 960 859 filed on Sep 21 2001 now Pat No 6 577 102 Int A61IN 1 39 2006 01 U S CI USPC eae 607 5 607 7 607 148 Field of Classification Search se 607 5 142 145 148 149 29 7 See application file for complete search history 10 56 References Cited U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 4 101 787 A 7 1978 Vail 4 590 943 A 5 1986 Paull et al 4 610 254 9 1986 Morgan et al 4 619 265 A 10 1986 Morgan et al 5 224 870 A 7 1993 W
11. attery pack 14 is similar to that previously described with reference to FIG 5 except that some components including the micro controller 520 FIG 5 i e the PIC processor have been moved to the main AED 12 FIG 6 The battery pack 14 includes a battery 22 which contains multiple battery cells a real time clock 24 which keeps time and can generate an output signal on a regular basis a power switch 26 which is used to couple the battery 22 to the main AED 12 and a 9V battery 20 used to provide power to the PIC proces sor 16 during the times that the power switch 26 is off DSP 18 is configured to run a number of self tests that check the operation of the DSP 18 and the AED circuitry 20 ona periodic basis to ensure that the AED is fully operational When the main AED 12 is powered off the PIC 16 is placed in a standby mode The real time clock 24 which is perma nently powered from the battery 22 issues a periodic signal typically every five seconds This signal is routed to the PIC 16 and causes the PIC to wake up from standby mode At that time the PIC 16 flashes an ASI 30 to indicate AED status and also decrements a count ofthe number of times that it has been woken up since the count was last set When this count reaches zero indicating that approximately 24 hours have elapsed since the count was last set the PIC 16 turns the power switch 26 on which applies power to the AED causing the DSP 18 to execute startup
12. can be used in the on state normally When the ASI 30 is blinking red additional indications of the reasons for the blinking may be obtained by turning the AED on through the on off button 42 These additional indi cations are provided by voice prompts programmed into the DSP 18 and output over the speaker 32 These voice prompts include Power on self test failed error indicates that the AED has failed the power on self test and is non operational and needs servicing The code number xxx indicates the type of problem that the unit is experiencing Battery pack self test failed error xxx indicates that the AED s battery pack is non operational and needs servic ing The code number xxx indicates the type of problem that the unit is experiencing Error service required indicates that the AED has detected an internal error is non operational and needs servicing The code number xxx indicates the type of problem that the unit is experiencing Battery pack low indicates that the battery pack capac ity is low and should be replaced soon The AED will still be able to deliver at least a minimum of six defibrillation shocks the first time this message is spoken 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 Replace battery pack indicates that the battery pack is almost discharged and that the AED may not be able to deliver defibrillation shocks The batt
13. code During the startup sequence the DSP 18 communicates with the PIC 16 to determine the reason for the power up Typical reasons are that the user pressed the on off button on the AED or that the PIC 16 has initiated a self test If the reason is a self test the DSP 18 executes self test code which tests a portion or a majority of the AED circuitry 20 The results of the self test are communicated to the PIC 16 which then displays the AED status by blinking the ASI 30 The PIC may also be configured to sound a sounder e g speaker 32 When the test is complete the DSP 18 sets the wake up counter to a value which will cause the PIC 16 to wake up the DSP 18 approximately 24 hours later and initiates main AED US 8 498 701 B2 7 12 shut down The PIC 16 then turns off power to the main AED 12 by switching off the power switch 26 In this manner the AED is tested on a regular basis Atypicaltesting schedule is to do the following self tests at the intervals indicated Every day basic circuitry tests Once a week basic circuitry tests basic battery tests and basic high voltage circuit tests Once a month basic circuitry tests additional battery tests and comprehensive high voltage circuit tests including a partial voltage internal shock Once every three months basic circuitry tests additional battery tests and comprehensive high voltage circuit tests including a full voltage internal shock Tests are performed a sil
14. detects patient motion and at times when the operator should stay clear of the patient The analyzing LED blinks when the DSP 18 is analyzing the patient s ECG Signal The pro cess of determining conditions that activate these LEDs is described below within the context of additional indications provided by voice prompts In addition to the indications provided by the blinking LEDs 36 the DSP 18 is programmed to output voice prompts over the speaker 32 in association with certain conditions Voice prompts associated with the check pads LED include connect pads and check pads Connect pads indicates that the DSP 18 has determined that the pads are not properly connected to the unit or not placed on the patient This deter mination may be made by measuring the impedance across the pads A high impedance is an indication that the pads are either not connected to the unit or not placed on the patient while a low impedance serves as an indication that the pads may be shorted together What is considered high or low impedance is dependent on the electrical characteristics of electrode pad assembly and the internal defibrillator circuitry Check pads indicates that the pads are making improper contact with the patient and that the impedance is out of range i e either too high or too low for proper ECG analysis and shock delivery Voice prompts associated with the not touch patient LED include do not t
15. e AED 100 could also include a window located proximate to the battery pack window 160 so that an operator can view the LED 550 when the battery pack is inserted in the AED 100 FIG 3 illustrates a side sectional view of the AED 100 including the battery pack 110 The electrical terminals 150 of the PCB 140 contact a connector 310 located within the AED 100 to electrically connect the battery pack 140 with an AED PCB 320 FIG 4 illustrates a side sectional view of the battery pack 110 The battery pack 110 includes a first power supply such as battery unit 410 The battery unit 410 powers essential power needs of the AED during a main operating mode for example when the AED is powered on An essential power 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 need includes for example the power necessary to charge the capacitor 564 to delivery energy to the patient The battery unit 410 is preferably not being drained of power when the AED is powered off battery unit 410 includes one or more battery cells or other power supplies that are electrically connected together The power supply may include other forms of energy storage for example based on chemical or kinetic principles such as a flywheel storage device The battery cells can include for example 25 A size batteries and or C size batteries The number of batteries used varies depending on a particular application but typically includes five or ten
16. eaver et al 5 285 792 2 1994 Sjoquist et al 5 350 317 A 9 1994 Weaver et al 5 372 605 12 1994 Adams et al 5 470 343 A 11 1995 Fincke et al 5 483 165 A 1 1996 Cameron et al 5 579 234 11 1996 Wiley et al 5 591 213 A 1 1997 Morgan et al 5 640 078 6 1997 Kou et al Continued FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS JP 2001178021 6 2001 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Heartstream Fore Runner Semi Automatic Defibrillator User s Guide pp 6 9 and 50 Continued Primary Examiner Niketa Patel Assistant Examiner Alyssa M Alter 74 Attorney Agent or Firm King amp Spalding LLP 57 ABSTRACT An AED includes defibrillation circuitry housed within an enclosure a first processor programmed to periodically test the operability of the defibrillation circuitry and a second processor in communication with the first processor The AED further includes a visual indicator such as a red green LED positioned at the exterior of the enclosure that is opera tively connected to the second processor The second proces sor is programmed to control the visual indicator in response to the periodic test results provided to it by the first processor 7 Claims 5 Drawing Sheets US 8 498 701 B2 Page2 U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 6 021 352 2 2000 Christopherson et al 5 645 571 7 1997 Olson et al R CHEM wiley etali 5 697 955 A 12 1997 Stolte 5 700 281 12 1997 Brewer et al 6 185 458 Bl 2 2001 um al 5 741 305 A
17. ent The AED 100 includes a generally rectangular shaped battery well 120 that is constructed and arranged to house the battery pack 110 The battery pack 110 is sized to slide in and out of the battery well 120 to releasably connect a power supply of the battery pack 110 to the AED 100 FIG 1B illustrates a top sectional view ofthe AED 100 and the battery well 120 with the battery pack 110 removed An entrance 210 of the battery well 120 accommodates align ment of the battery pack 110 within the battery well 120 FIG 2 illustrates a bottom view of the battery pack 110 Referring to FIGS 1B and 2 an opposite end of the battery well 120 includes a wedge shaped feature 230 that corre sponds to a wedge shaped receptacle 235 located in the bat tery pack 110 When inserting the removable battery pack 110 to the AED 100 the battery pack 110 is guided along by the battery well 120 to the wedge shaped feature 230 The battery pack 110 is aligned at the end of its travel by the wedge shaped feature 230 in the battery well 120 via the corresponding wedge shaped receptacle 235 in the battery pack 110 Referring to FIG 1A to maintain the battery pack 110 ina connected position relative to the AED 100 the battery pack 110 includes a latch 130 that retains the battery pack 110 within the battery well 120 when the battery pack is fully inserted into the battery well 120 An end of the latch 130 connects with a spring 132 to bias the latch in a normally
18. ent mode where no user interface elements are exercised and the user is not able to tell that the tests are being executed The user may also indepen dently initiate a self test by holding down the on off button 42 FIG 7 on the AED for five seconds while turning the unit on This will cause an extended self test similar in scope to the once every three months test to execute With reference to FIG 7 the ASI 30 is located on the upper right side of the AED enclosure 34 The status indications provided by the ASI are as follows Steady on green the AED is on and operating normally Blinking green the AED is off in the stand by mode and is ready to operate normally Steady On red the AED is on and has detected an error Blinking red the AED is off in the stand by mode and the AED or battery pack needs servicing Off battery pack not installed AED defective or the 9V battery is discharged Regarding the blinking red status anytime the ASI 30 blinks red the PIC 16 causes the speaker 32 to beep periodi cally to call attention to the AED The ASI 30 is powered by the replaceable 9V battery 28 in the battery pack 14 Ifthe 9V battery 28 has discharged active status indication will not be available In this case the 9V battery 28 should be replaced Once the 9V battery 28 has been replaced the ASI 30 will once again flash a status indication If the 9V battery 28 is depleted the AED will still be fully functional and
19. erational readiness of the defibrillator Some defibrillators perform such self tests automatically when they are turned on Other defibrillators perform self tests on a periodic basis regardless ofthe on off state ofthe defibrillator The results ofthese tests however may not be indicated until subsequent turn on ofthe AED or may not be readily apparent to the user of the AED Hence those skilled in the art have recognized a need for providing a continuous active indication of the operational readiness of an external defibrillator regardless of the on off state ofthe defibrillator The need for additional indications of the condition of a defibrillator during use has also been rec ognized The invention fulfills these needs and others SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly and in general terms the invention is directed to an AED that provides a continuous active indication of the operational readiness of the defibrillator This active indica tion is provided by a visual indicator carried by the enclosure ofthe AED The visual indicator may be a single LED capable of displaying different first and second colors e g red and green Alternatively the visual indicator may be two separate LEDs or may be a mechanical type indicator having different first and second positions each having an associated color An AED incorporating aspects of the invention includes defibrillation circuitry housed within an enclosure a first processor programmed t
20. ery pack 110 is installed into the AED 100 components of the AED 100 and the battery pack 110 should be checked The operation of the AED self test procedures and the ASI are described further below The battery pack LED 550 is pref erably disabled when the battery pack 110 is installed The secondary battery 420 powers the micro controller 520 the LED 550 and the LED 567 which helps to maintain the integrity of the battery unit 410 that provides power to electronics and the capacitor charger located in the AED 100 secondary battery connector 570 connects the secondary battery 420 to the circuitry of the battery pack PCB 140 The battery pack circuitry 500 also includes an electrically erasable programmable read only memory EEPROM 580 connected to the micro controller 520 and the main unit con nector 530 EEPROM 580 stores information that may be relevant to an owner service person or operator of the AED 100 The EEPROM 580 stores information regarding for example the number of shocks the battery unit 410 has been used for that the AED 100 has been activated the date of manufacture of the battery pack 110 and status information 5 40 45 50 65 6 regarding a status of components of the battery pack 110 and the AED 100 The DSP 562 ofthe AED 100 connects to a bus that connects to a real time clock RTC 590 the EEPROM 580 and the micro controller 520 Typically once per power up of the AED 100 the DSP acc
21. ery pack should be immediately replaced Replace 9V battery indicates that the 9V battery in the battery pack needs to be replaced The unit may not provide active status indication during standby mode in this condi tion but the AED is still fully functional when turned on and may be used to treat patients The 9V battery should be replaced as soon as possible As previously indicated with reference to FIG 5 a speaker 596 and indicator LEDs 598 are connected to the DSP 562 to supply instructions or other information to the operator With further reference to FIG 7 in one configuration of the AED these indicators 36 are located on the front panel ofthe enclo sure 34 and include a red check pads LED a red do not touch patient LED and a green analyzing LED As shown in FIG 6 the indicator LEDs 36 are directly controlled by the DSP 18 Each LED 36 has a separate control line 38 and driver circuit 40 When the control line 38 is active the LED 36 is powered and lights up The DSP 18 determines when to enable an LED 36 based on system state i e con necting motion analyzing The LED 36 can blink under software control by enabling and disabling the control line 38 at timed intervals The DSP 18 enables an LED 36 under the following con ditions The pads LED blinks when the DSP 18 detects that the patient electrodes are not properly applied The do not touch patient LED blinks when the DSP 18
22. esses the RTC 590 to set a main unit clock of the AED 100 that is located in the DSP main unit circuitry 505 also includes a switch 592 such as an ON OFF switch that connects to the micro con troller 520 via the main unit connector 530 A shock switch 594 connects to the DSP 562 to allow an operator to admin ister a shock to the patient speaker 596 and indicator LEDs 598 connect to the DSP 562 to supply instructions or other information to the operator Front end circuitry 599 connects between the DSP 562 and the patient interface 566 to process and or provide the DSP 562 with information from the patient With reference to FIG 6 in another configuration the AED 10 consists of a main AED 12 and a removable battery pack 14 The main AED 12 includes a PIC processor 16 which is used to control power to the AED a digital signal processor DSP 18 which is the main processor for the AED and AED circuitry 20 which consists of the remainder of the AED circuitry For a description of additional AED circuitry including the high voltage circuitry used to generate and deliver defibrillation shock see U S Pat Nos 5 607 454 and 5 645 571 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference Alternate circuitry within the purview of one of ordinary skill in the art may be developed and employed Thus the scope of this invention is not intended to be limited to the circuitry described in the incorporated references The b
23. ing the battery pack FIG 4 illustrates a side sectional view of the battery pack including first and second battery units FIG 5 illustrates a block diagram of one configuration of circuitry contained within the battery pack and the AED FIG 6 illustrates a block diagram of another configuration of circuitry contained within the battery pack and the AED and FIG 7 is a perspective view of an AED including an active status indicator DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG 1A illustrates a top sectional view of the Semi Auto matic External Defibrillator 100 that includes battery system for example battery pack 110 The AED 100 is a device to treat cardiac arrest that is capable of recognizing the presence or absence of ventricular fibrillation or rapid ventricular tachycardia or other shockable cardiac arrhyth mias and 15 capable of determining without intervention by an operator whether defibrillation should be performed Upon determining that defibrillation should be performed the AED automatically charges and requests delivery of elec trical energy to electrodes that attach to a patientto deliver the energy to the patient s heart US 8 498 701 B2 3 The battery pack 110 provides power to components such as electronics and a charger located in the AED 100 The charger charges a capacitor 564 FIG 5 ofthe AED 100 that provides the electrical energy to the electrodes attached to the pati
24. o periodically test the operability of the defibrillation circuitry and a second processor in commu nication with the first processor The AED further includes a visual indicator as described above positioned atthe exterior of the enclosure that is operatively connected to the second processor The second processor is programmed to control the visual indicator in response to the periodic test results pro vided to it by the first processor Alternatively the first and second processors may be combined into a single processor In one configuration the second processor is programmed to 1 cause the indicator to continuously present a first color e g green when the defibrillator is on and the periodic test 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 result is that the defibrillation circuitry is operating normally 2 cause the indicator to intermittently present the first color when the defibrillator is off and the periodic test result is that the defibrillation circuitry is ready to operate normally 3 cause the indicator to continuously present a second color e g red when the defibrillator is on and the periodic test result has detected an error in the defibrillation circuitry and 4 cause the indicator to intermittently present the second color when the defibrillator is off and the periodic test result has detected an error in the defibrillation circuitry In another aspect the invention is directed to an AED that
25. on the micro controller 5 30 35 40 10 wherein when the most recent self test has deter mined that the defibrillator operational status is nor mal the first light source illuminates to indicate that the defibrillator is ready for use wherein the self test is conducted with the defibrillator being OFF from the perspective of a user 2 The external defibrillator ofclaim 1 wherein the self test is autonomous and recurring 3 The external defibrillator of claim 2 wherein the self test is selected from a group of self tests of varying degrees 4 The external defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the illumi nated first light source blinks frequently 5 n external defibrillator comprising a battery defibrillation circuitry the defibrillation circuitry powered by the battery and including a micro controller programmed to conduct a self test and programmed to perform a rescue by executing a program stored thereon the self test including at least some portion of the defibrillation circuitry the self test capable of determining an operational status of the external defibrillator an active status indicator comprising a first light source that illuminates the first light source operated by the programming running on the micro controller and mounted on a surface ofthe external defibrillator the surface visible from an exterior of the external defibrillator wherein when the self test has deter mined that the defibrillat
26. or requires maintenance the first light source illuminates to indicate that the defibrillator requires maintenance and wherein the self test is conducted with the defibrillator being OFF from the perspective of a user 6 The external defibrillator of claim 5 wherein the self test is selected from a group of self tests of varying degrees 7 The external defibrillator of claim 5 wherein the illumi nation is blinking frequently
27. ouch patient stop motion and stop interference Do not touch patient indicates that the DSP 18 is in the process of analyzing the patient s heart rhythm and that the operator should not touch the patient The DSP 18 is programmed to analyze ECG signals once it has deter mined that the electrode pads are making good connection to the patient The not touch patient message is spoken at the beginning of the ECG analysis period and also if motion or interference has been detected Stop motion indicates that the DSP 18 has detected motion in the patient such as may occur during the administering of CPR Stop interfer ence indicates that the DSP 18 has detected interference on the ECG signal In each of these cases the DSP 18 monitors US 8 498 701 B2 9 the characteristics of the ECG signals for indications of patient motion e g an unexpected spike in the signal and signal interference e g a signal pattern containing noise or a signal of weak amplitude Voice prompts associated with the analyzing LED include analyzing heart rhythm and analyzing inter rupted Analyzing heart rhythm indicates that the DSP 18 is actively analyzing the patient s ECG signal The DSP 18 will continue analyzing until it has determined whether a rhythm is shockable or non shockable or analyzing is inter rupted for some reason Analyzing interrupted indicates that the DSP 18 has determined that accurate E
28. rochip Technologies located in Chan dler Ariz The micro controller 520 connects with a main AED con nector 530 that connects circuitry of the battery pack PCB 140 to circuitry of the AED 100 When the operator engages a US 8 498 701 B2 5 power switch 592 located on the AED 100 the micro con troller 520 receives a signal from the main unit connector 530 indicating that the power switch has been engaged Thereaf ter the micro controller 520 enables the main power switch 510 to provide an electrical power between the battery unit 410 of battery pack 110 and the electronics of the AED 100 The battery pack PCB 140 also includes a main battery con nector 540 to connect the battery unit 410 to the main unit connector 530 and other circuitry of the battery pack PCB 140 The micro controller 520 also controls a visual indicator such as LED 550 and an audio indicator such as sounder 560 that are used to automatically communicate information to the operator For example when the AED 100 fails a self test the operator is notified by a chirping sound from the sounder 560 Moreover the LED 550 blinks green to indicate that a status of components of the AED 100 is within an acceptable operating range Those skilled in the art can appreciate the opposite could be true i e that a blinking light indicates a fault condition According to a preferred embodiment if the LED 550 is not blinking an error exists for example in the circuitry 50
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