afoshstd91-66
Contents
1. 1 3 1 1 Battery shops are primarily used to recharge equipment batteries or to charge new batter ies Personnel who operate these facilities work with hazardous materials and may potentially be exposed to toxic or corrosive chemicals and explosive gases Ensure these personnel are trained in specific technical and safety procedures outlined in this section All persons who do not routinely perform duties in a battery shop and have a need to visit the shop will receive a safety briefing before entry 1 3 1 2 If batteries are installed in a permanent location the requirements of Articles 480 and 500 of National Fire Protection Agency NFPA 70 The National Electrical Code NEC will apply 1 3 1 3 Ventilate battery shops or rooms to prevent an accumulation of gases AFOSH Standard 48 2 Industrial Ventilation provides guidance necessary to install general ventilation and hooded ventilation over charging batteries 1 3 1 4 Personnel who perform tasks in battery shops will take the following precautions to pre vent the mixing of incompatible materials 1 3 1 4 1 Ensure nickel cadmium and silver zinc batteries are serviced in an area isolated from lead acid batteries 1 3 1 4 2 When acids and potassium hydroxide are handled in the same shop ensure the spe cific equipment for the two types of materials are separated and labeled 1 3 1 5 Do not position or store tools or other metal objects where they may fall onto batteries 1 32. 161 series to 48 series standards However not all standards have been converted as of the effective date of this standard To help you locate these documents references to AFOSH standards are stated in the updated series and standard number with the outgoing series and standard number stated as formerly designated as in the references section of Attachment 1 A indicates revisions from previous edition Chapter 1 SAFE PRACTICES IN SHOPS OFFICES AND GROUNDS MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 1 1 General Housekeeping 1 1 1 Floors and Walking Surfaces Keep areas where personnel walk and work free of potential tripping hazards such as tools electrical cords air lines and packaging materials Clean up fluid spills as soon as possible and post warnings until cleanup is complete 1 1 2 Scraps and Combustible Waste Provide sufficient metal or noncombustible containers with self closing lids for the disposal of combustible wastes soiled rags and other flammable materials These containers must be marked according to the requirements in AFI 32 7042 Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance and AFOSH Standard 48 21 Hazard Communication Dispose of contents according to approved hazardous waste disposal procedures Contact the installation environmental management office for guidance Use properly marked covered metal containers for storing clean rags 1 1 3 Packing Supplies Store excelsior straw shredded paper and other packing ma
3. Floor Covering Insulating for High Voltage Application to ensure that approved products are used 1 7 3 10 Supervisors will establish procedures requiring all accessories that are to be used with electronic and electrical equipment are serviceable and safe to use Establish procedures to elimi nate or control all hazard potentials to a safe acceptable level 1 7 4 Emergency Equipment Electrical Safety Boards Functional managers may desire to have emergency equipment available at each operating location where maintenance is performed on ener gized high voltage circuits High voltage is defined as 600 volts nominal or more Variations in the equipment will depend on local conditions and additional items may be added as determined by the commander or functional manager The equipment may be displayed on a board stored in a cabinet or available in a portable kit The emergency equipment will be situated in a conspicuous and promi nent location at each site well marked and readily accessible to personnel If an electrical safety board is used recommend the dimensions be 4 feet by 4 feet by one half inch Color coding is not mandatory however the recommended color is a dark green background with white letters and bor der In each case the color of lettering should be conspicuous against the darker background The fol lowing items may be included in an emergency equipment kit or board 1 7 4 1 The safety operations instructions or proced
4. excessive charging of lead acid batteries due to the generation of hydrogen gas 1 3 1 11 Take the following precautions when mixing electrolyte acids 1 3 1 11 1 Pour acid into water gradually Never pour water into acid The heat of dilution will cause the water to boil and splatter 1 3 1 11 2 Do not pour acid into metal containers or stir solution with metal utensils 1 3 1 11 3 Use a carboy tilter or siphon to handle electrolyte 1 3 1 11 4 Use running water to wash down spilled electrolyte Ensure drains are equipped with an approved holding tank or if not capped to prevent the release of hazardous materials into the common sewer system Consult with the installation environmental manager regard ing the proper disposal of used batteries and or acid 1 3 1 11 5 If electrolyte is splashed on the skin or in the eyes flush with water for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention immediately See paragraph 1 3 1 13 1 3 1 12 When taking specific gravity reading cover the open end of the hydrometer with an acid resistant material while moving from cell to cell to avoid splashing of electrolyte 1 3 1 13 The need for an emergency eyewash and shower in areas where batteries are being stored serviced charged or used is determined by the level of risk of being exposed to hazardous materials The local functional manager will evaluate the need for portable eyewash bottles to be carried in vehicles when performing haza
5. Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS on all chemicals and ensure they are avail able to all workers Ensure MSDS are delivered with any new chemicals or products Train all personnel to know and understand the hazards which are present in all job tasks See AFOSH Standards 91 68 Chemical Safety and 48 21 for guidance and requirements 1 5 1 2 Maintain good housekeeping practices in all areas especially in areas where chemicals are handled 1 5 1 3 Ensure appropriate hand cleaners are available for workers where hazardous chemicals are handled Wash hands with the cleaner and rinse thoroughly immediately after handling hazard ous chemicals even though no known contact has occurred 1 5 1 4 Wash rubber gloves with hand cleaner and rinse well with water after each use and before removing the gloves 1 5 1 5 Maintain required respirators according to the manufacturer s instructions and as trained by the local bioenvironmental engineer BEE See AFOSH Standard 48 1 Respiratory Protec tion Program for additional guidance 1 5 1 6 Ensure adequate ventilation is installed in processing rooms See AFOSH Standard 48 2 for guidance 1 5 1 7 Brief outside maintenance personnel and visitors on the importance of avoiding skin con tact with chemicals or work surfaces contaminated with chemical residue 1 5 1 8 Store all chemicals in cool dry dark areas Maintain separate storage areas for chemicals that are known to react violently with
6. TO 47C 1 1 Safety Instructions for Lawn Care Equipment for addi tional guidance 10 1 8 1 Powered Push Mowers Before beginning the mowing operation the operator shall clear peo ple from the area to be mowed and inspect for foreign objects raised sprinkler heads holes soft ground obstructions or any other condition that has the potential to impact the safety of the operation Personnel operating this equipment should never pull the mower backwards while the engine is run ning because the safety guard on the back may cause the mower to lift off the ground subjecting per sonnel to serious injury Always mow across the face of a steep slope and keep firm footing at all times Stay clear of the front of self propelled mowers during and after starting Control the mower by hand pressure on the handle not by foot pressure on the housing Do not attempt to clean grass from the chute when the mower is running Disconnect the spark plug or if electrical the power when cleaning repairing or inspecting the mower 1 8 2 Powered Mowers of the Walk Behind Riding Rotary Converted Sulky and Reel Power Lawn mowers These mowers shall meet the design specifications noted in OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910 243 Guarding of Portable Powered Tools For example Deadman controls shall automatically interrupt power to a drive when the operator s actuating force is removed and may operate in any direction to disengage the drive 1 8 3 Edgers Ch
7. any activity or operation the following precautions should be taken Do not go out of doors or remain out unless it is absolutely necessary Seek shelter as follows e Dwellings or other buildings that are protected against lightning e Protected underground shelters e Large metal framed buildings e Enclosed aircraft automobiles buses and other vehicles with metal tops and bodies e Streets that may be shielded by nearby buildings 1 16 1 1 2 Certain locations are extremely hazardous during thunderstorms and should be avoided e Hilltops and ridges e Areas on top of buildings e Open fields athletic fields golf courses e Parking lots tennis courts e Swimming pools lakes and seashores e Near wire fences clotheslines overhead wires and railroad tracks e Under isolated trees e Near electrical appliances telephones plumbing fixtures and metal or electrically conductive objects 1 16 2 Each Air Force installation will develop a local procedure to ensure that key personnel and agencies involved in high weather risk activities and operations are notified according to the base weather support plan Normally these agencies are those having aircraft petroleum oil lubricant POL facilities open air work and recreational activities and underground utilities work Key per sonnel in turn will advise all on duty supervisors to take proper precautions and timely actions 12 1 16 3 Each installation will employ a lightning safet
8. with portable tools and equipment will be designed with three prong plugs EXCEPTIONS Double insulated tools and low amp devices such as wall clocks pencil sharpeners tape recorders etchers and lamps may be used with a two prong plug The minimum amperage rating of the extension cord will be at least equal to but not less than the amperage rating of the item being powered from the cord Plugs and sockets will be designed according to the NEC 1 7 3 Additional Electrical Equipment Requirements 1 7 3 1 Close rack doors at all times except as necessary to accomplish authorized repairs 1 7 3 2 Operators will open and close all equipment switches quickly and positively Ensure contact between brushes and commutators or slip rings is not broken while equipment is operat ing 1 7 3 3 Operators or other shop personnel will not unplug equipment with components operating on high voltage unless technical publications authorize the removal of an electronic component such as a subassembly or module 1 7 3 4 Use only approved solvents for cleaning electronics equipment Provide adequate venti lation and when using solvents wear approved PPE when required by installation ground safety or BE officials Use of compressed air less than 30 pounds per square inch psi for cleaning electrical equipment should be considered only as a last resort Vacuuming is considered an effec tive cleaning method 1 7 3 5 Technicians will not use lead penci
9. 1 6 Workers will wear protective equipment while servicing batteries This equipment will include as a minimum rubber apron and cuffed gauntlet gloves acid resistant safety shoes or rub ber knee length boots with safety cap face shields wrap around and goggles chemical resistant that protect from the sides and the front Workers will not wear finger rings watches and other jewelry that may come in contact with batteries If metal rimmed eye glasses are worn secure them by some method to prevent them from inadvertently falling on the batteries 1 3 1 7 When mechanical or other materials handling equipment are used to move batteries per sonnel will take precautions to prevent short circuiting between battery posts 1 3 1 8 Ignition sources are not allowed in battery charging rooms Post appropriate warning signs at the entrances to the shops or rooms to warn personnel of the hazards 1 3 1 9 Shop supervisors will ensure fire extinguishers of the appropriate types are placed in bat tery shops or rooms Coordinate with the base fire department for guidance 1 3 1 10 Keep vent caps in place when charging batteries to prevent electrolyte spray Remove vent caps only if required by technical data on specific batteries Do not disassemble a lead acid battery when taken directly from a charger or when the battery has been discharged under load In either case the battery may be outgassing and presents an explosion potential Do not permit
10. BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE HEALTH STANDARD 91 66 1 OCTOBER 1997 STs a a R Sa ife ty Re A GENERAL INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS Sha nat ae yarn ot ott NOTICE This publication is available digitally on the SAF AAD WWW site at http afpubs hq af mil If you lack access contact your Publishing Distribution Office PDO OPR HQ AFSC SEGS Certified by HQ AFSC SEG SMSgt Pennie Hardesty Colonel Robert W Scott Supersedes AFOSH Standard 91 66 Pages 19 18 January 1995 Distribution F The criteria in this standard are the Air Force s minimum safety fire prevention and occupational health requirements for general industrial operations Major commands MAJCOM direct reporting units DRU and field operating agencies FOA may supplement this standard when additional or more strin gent safety fire prevention and health criteria are required Refer to Air Force Instruction AFI 91 301 Air Force Occupational and Environmental Safety Fire Protection and Health AFOSH Program for instructions on processing supplements or variances Report conflicts in guidance between this standard federal standards or other Air Force directives through MAJCOM DRU or FOA ground safety offices to Headquarters Air Force Safety Center Ground Safety Division Safety Engineering and Standards Branch HQ AFSC SEGS 9700 Avenue G SE Suite 222 Kirtland AFB NM 87117 5670 This standard applie
11. E WORN See AFOSH Standard 48 19 Hazardous Noise Program for additional guidance 1 9 Nondestructive Inspection Laboratories Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 110 Nondestructive Inspection and Oil Analysis Program 1 10 Aircraft Flight Line and Ground Operations Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 100 Aircraft Flight Line Ground Operations and Activities 1 11 Electrical Facilities and Equipment Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 10 Civil Engineering 1 12 Vehicle Maintenance Shops Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 20 Vehicle Maintenance Shops 11 1 13 Materials Handling and Storage Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 46 Material Handling and Storage Equipment 1 14 Fire Protection and Prevention Refer to AFOSH Standard 91 56 Fire Protection and Preven tion 1 15 Railroad Operations Refer to TOs 45 1 5 Railroad Safety Operations and 00 20D 1 Railroad Equipment Maintenance Inspection and Recordkeeping 1 16 Adverse Weather Conditions 1 16 1 The base weather station BWS is responsible for making the initial notification to predeter mined support agencies of adverse weather conditions Adverse weather conditions include strong surface winds heavy rain freezing precipitation and thunderstorms i e frequent dangerous light ning and damaging winds heavy rain and hail 1 16 1 1 General lightning safety for all AF activities and operations 1 16 1 1 1 Whenever lightning is detected or observed within the immediate vicinity of
12. OSH Standard 91 10 Civil Engineering formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 10 AFOSH Standard 91 20 Vehicle Maintenance Shops formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 20 AFOSH Standard 91 31 Personal Protective Equipment formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 31 AFOSH Standard 91 32 Emergency Shower and Eyewash Units formerly designated as AFOSH Stan dard 127 32 AFOSH Standard 91 45 Hazardous Energy Control and Mishap Prevention Signs and Tags formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 45 AFOSH Standard 91 46 Material Handling and Storage Equipment formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 46 AFOSH Standard 91 56 Fire Protection and Prevention formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 56 AFOSH Standard 91 68 Chemical Safety formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 68 AFOSH Standard 91 100 Aircraft Flight Line Ground Operations and Activities formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 100 AFOSH Standard 91 110 Nondestructive Inspection and Oil Analysis Program formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 127 110 AFOSH Standard 161 2 Industrial Ventilation 16 Military Manual Mil M 15562 Matting or Sheet Floor Covering Insulating for High Voltage Applica tions National Fire Protection Association NFPA 32 Drycleaning Plants NFPA 70 The National Electrical Code NEC National Safety Council s NSC Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations Administration and Pr
13. Service Manual LEL Lower Explosion Limit LOX Liquid Oxygen MAJCOM Major Command Mil M Military Manual MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NEC National Electrical Code NFPA National Fire Protection Association nm Nautical Mile NSC National Safety Council OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDO Publishing Distribution Office POL Petroleum Oil Libricant PPE Personal Protective Equipment psi Pounds Per Square Inch TO Technical Order WWW World Wide Web Terms May Indicates an acceptable or satisfactory method of accomplishment Shall Indicates a mandatory requirement Should Indicates a preferred method of accomplishment Will Is also used to indicate a mandatory requirement and in addition is used to express a declaration of intent probability or determination 18 Attachment 2 CHECKLIST GENERAL INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS This is not an all inclusive checklist It simply highlights some critical items in this standard Other requirements exist in the standard that are not included in the checklist Where appropriate MAJCOMs DRUs FOAs local safety personnel and supervisors will add to this checklist to include command or individual shop unique requirements or situations A2 1 Are the basic principles of good housekeeping in evidence Paragraph 1 1 A2 2 Has an office safety checklist been developed Paragraph 1 2 A2 3 Has an office ergonomic program been inst
14. each other For example do not store potassium permanga nate near glycerine Follow the MSDSs of the various chemicals 1 5 1 9 Store chemicals on shelves strong enough to support their loads Design each shelf with coping or ledges to prevent containers and equipment from extending over the edges or inadvert ently falling Chemical storage areas or rooms must be sloped and drained into an approved hold ing tank or be capable of containing a spill 1 5 1 10 Keep all corrosive chemicals in thick walled glass containers protected by wooden frames or boxes If the capacity of the container is 5 gallons or more support the frame by a sturdy wooden or metal cradle that is pivoted or hinged for ease in dispensing 1 5 1 11 Ignition sources are not allowed in photographic laboratories Post appropriate signs at entrances 1 5 1 12 Install electrical equipment according to the guidance contained in the NEC 1 5 2 Personal Protective Equipment PPE The functional manager or supervisor will evaluate PPE requirements for the photographic laboratory When requested the BE or installation ground safety staff will provide assistance in the selection of equipment See AFOSH Standard 91 31 for require ments 1 5 3 Eyewash and Emergency Shower Facilities Supervisors or functional managers will ensure facilities are available so workers who are exposed to hazardous chemicals can flush their eyes and bodies Assistance may be obtained from the gro
15. eck to make sure the guard is in place Never use the edger when people are in line with the blade Use proper PPE Always disconnect power when inspecting or repairing the edger 1 8 4 Personal Protective Equipment PPE 1 8 4 1 Foot Protection Safety toe shoes or metal toe guards will be worn when operating pow ered push mowers or edgers When using mowers equipped with an installed rear drag plate or edgers with nylon filament line cutters and guidance in paragraphs 1 8 1 and 3 are followed the use of safety toe shoes or metal toe guards is optional In all instances personnel operating this equipment will wear shoes of sturdy construction Open toed sandals tennis shoes constructed of cloth or canvas etc are not appropriate for wear during mowing tasks 1 8 4 2 Eye Protection Use suitable eye protection safety glasses goggles or face shields or a combination when operating powered edgers or weed eaters When mower operators are exposed to flying rocks dirt or other hazards they will wear appropriate eye protection 1 8 4 3 Hearing Protection If hazardous noise levels are produced by the equipment being oper ated workers will wear hearing protection Coordinate with the installation BE staff for guidance If equipment is identified as producing hazardous noise levels place a decal or stenciled warning in view of the operator stating WARNING THIS MACHINE CREATES HAZARDOUS NOISE LEVELS EAR PLUGS OR MUFFS SHALL B
16. ed surfaces been trained on the potential hazards of wearing jewelry during these tasks Chap ter 2 19
17. ent light fixtures that are not designed with self locking tubes are provided with shields clamps or other methods to keep the tubes from inadvertently falling out of the fixture 1 2 Office Safety Practices 1 2 1 Safety Checklists Supervisors with assistance from the installation ground safety and the BE staffs should develop office safety checklists The National Safety Council s NSC Accident Preven tion Manual for Industrial Operations Administration and Programs and the Supervisor s Safety Manual normally maintained by the installation ground safety staff provide guidelines to assist the supervisor 1 2 2 Computers and Other Office Machines Ensure electrical power cords and installation wiring are not strung across floors but are placed in conduits covered by approved metal and or rubber strips or suspended from overhead 1 2 3 Office Ergonomics When circumstances indicate problems may exist due to ergonomically related illnesses or injuries or from worker complaints the functional manager or supervisor will con tact the installation Director of Base Medical Services DBMS or the installation ground safety staff to arrange for a survey of office work stations and accomplish a job safety analysis After required corrective actions are completed inform the DBMS or ground safety staff of any new operations jobs or procedures so ergonomics principles can be applied 1 3 Battery Shops and Rooms 1 3 1 General
18. es including liquid oxygen LOX servicing will cease whenever a Lightning Warning is in effect Automatic service stations will be placed in the manual operation mode EXCEPTIONS Commercial and Department of Defense DoD pipe line receipts issues from military service stations or base exchange BX service station vehicle movements including refuelers and pipeline transfers including bulk storage Chapter 2 JEWELRY SAFETY 2 1 Finger Rings 2 1 1 Mishap statistics over the past 10 years have revealed that the loss of portions of fingers due to the ring catching on some object is one of the most frequent causes of lost time permanent partial inju ries Because of the potential for serious injury finger rings will not be worn by personnel engaged in the following activities This restriction is also extended to personnel who may be assigned to these tasks on an infrequent basis NOTE This prohibition applies only to personnel actually performing the work and is not intended for adminis trative and support personnel assigned to or visiting these areas 2 1 1 1 Climbing ascending or descending activities where personnel could fall or jump from elevated surfaces account for the majority of injuries caused by the finger ring catching on an object Some examples include personnel working on elevated surfaces i e ladders scaffolds platforms roofs high reach vehicles or descending from large vehicles such as refuelers wrec
19. h soap and water at frequent inter vals Solvents may cause irritations when used to remove resins from the skin If personnel exhibit signs or symptoms they should be referred to the installation medical service Also see AFOSH Standard 91 10 Civil Engineering Chapter 4 1 6 1 Hazard Communication Supervisors will ensure all workers performing fiberglass repair and fabrication tasks are trained in hazard communication and MSDS are available for all toxic products used in the processes See AFOSH Standards 48 21 and 48 8 Controlling Exposures to Hazardous Materials for additional guidance 1 6 2 Hazardous Waste Supervisors will coordinate with installation environmental management to establish procedures for disposing of hazardous wastes Reference AFMAN 322 4004 Emergency Resonse Operations Attachment 3 Response Guidance for Advanced Aerospace Materials Compos ites 1 6 3 Storage Requirements Store resins in closed metal containers in a cool place at a temperature not to exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit F 27 degrees Celsius C Where specified on the container store epoxy resins in an approved refrigerator As catalysts promoters and solvents are very reactive store them in the original airtight containers isolated from one another in a cool place Do not mix the catalyst and promoter together because they are explosively reactive as a mixture Workers will always mix the promoter with the resin first and then add the catalyst t
20. ituted Paragraph 1 2 3 A2 4 Have battery shop personnel been trained in correct safety procedures Paragraph 1 3 1 A2 5 Have the required articles of PPE been procured and made available to battery shop personnel Paragraph 1 3 1 6 A2 6 Are appropriate eyewash and emergency shower facilities available in areas where batteries are stored charged serviced or used Paragraph 1 3 1 13 A2 7 Have photographic laboratory personnel been trained in the provisions of the Hazardous Commu nication Standard Paragraph 1 5 1 A2 8 Have the required items of PPE been procured and made available to photographic laboratory per sonnel Paragraph 1 5 1 A2 9 Are photographers trained on the potential hazards associated with electronic flash equipment Paragraph 1 5 4 A2 10 Are personnel who work in fiberglass repair and fabrication shops trained on the properties of the hazardous chemicals used in the processes Paragraph 1 6 A2 11 Are shop or office workers aware of and do they practice good electrical safety principals Para graph 1 7 A2 12 Are personnel who are required to use mowers and edgers trained on the safety precautions to take Paragraphs 1 8 1 through 1 8 3 A2 13 Have the required PPE items been procured and made available to personnel who operate lawn care equipment Paragraph 1 8 A2 14 Have personnel who may be exposed to machinery required to on and off load trucks or work on elevat
21. k ers Sweepers dump trucks and stake bed trucks The stake bed truck has been associated with a large majority of injuries caused by personnel jumping or descending from a large vehicle 2 1 1 2 Most materials handling operations Examples include warehousing parts handling operating equipment and packing and crating 2 1 1 3 Work activities where personnel are exposed to moving machinery rotating or revolving parts or any task that could result in hands being caught in moving parts 2 1 1 4 Work activities where personnel are exposed to energized electrical circuits 2 1 2 It is not possible to list all situations or tasks where the wearing of rings have a high potential for injury Supervisors should conduct job safety analysis to identify tasks where the wearing of finger rings should be restricted Once tasks are identified the supervisor will include this information as part of the initial employee safety briefing required by AFI 91 301 Installation ground safety may be contacted to provide assistance Refer to AFI 91 202 The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program the NSC Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations Administration and Programs and the NSC Supervisors Safety Manual for guidance on performing job safety analysis WARNING Placing tape over rings or wearing gloves on the hand with a ring does not provide protection or elim inate the requirement to remove finger rings 2 2 Other Jewelry Any jewelry
22. ls screw drivers or other unapproved tools to make radio frequency energy tests on any piece of electronic equipment as serious burns can result from this practice 1 7 3 6 Personnel should not hold meters in their hand while performing measurements on ener gized circuits or equipment When it is necessary to handhold meters or metering cables use gloves or other effective PPE The holder must stand on or be in contact with dry surfaces 1 7 3 7 Workers will keep workbenches clean at all times When voltage is applied to equipment being repaired or tested personnel will ensure tools not essential to the test and other equipment are removed from the bench Ground metal workbenches used for repairing and testing of elec tronic equipment to a low resistance ground Use stools made of wood fiberglass or other non conducting materials when working on electrical or electronic equipment NOTE For electrostatic discharge control procedures refer to TO 00 25 234 General Shop Practice Requirements for Repair Electrical Equipment 1 7 3 8 Supervisors will plainly mark all electrical fuse switch and circuit breaker boxes with correct voltage Mark fuse and switch boxes to identify what they control unless their purpose is evident 1 7 3 9 Purchase rubber insulating floor matting with reference to TO 00 25 234 TO 00 25 232 Control and Use of Insulated Matting for High Voltage Applications and Military Manual Mil M 15562 Matting or Sheet
23. ng switch has been changed from the charge position 1 5 4 6 Stored energy from electronic flash units can be lethal Dependent upon the rate of dis charge this amount of current could severely burn or cause fatal injury to a worker Workers will follow the manufacturer s instruction for the proper waiting time for any stored charge to be depleted before removing a broken tube from strobe equipment NOTE Newer products have a misfire alarm with a reset feature that bleeds the energy off Follow manufacturer s instructions for safe operations 1 6 Fiberglass Repair and Fabrication Resins used in laminating are normally low pressure laminat ing types These resins are normally supplied as a liquid varying in viscosity from a water like consis tency to a thick syrup and are available commercially from several manufacturers Cure or polymerization of polyester resins is aided by the use of a catalyst usually benzoyl peroxide and in most cases at a rela tively high temperature If room temperature cure is to be used an accelerator or promoter will be added to the resin before the peroxide catalyst is added to the mixture The procedures and materials for cata lyzing and curing resins shall be according to the manufacturer s instruction sheet when specific instruc tions are not available in Air Force technical data Contact with some of these resin formulations may cause nasal or skin irritation Personnel handling resins will wash wit
24. o the mixture Do not store cat alyzed resin in an airtight container or an unvented and or unapproved refrigerator Catalyze only enough resin for immediate use 1 6 4 Sanding Operations Sanding operations on glass cloth reinforced laminates generate a fine dust that may cause eye and skin irritations or if inhaled may affect the respiratory system Consult with the installation bioenvironmental engineering officials for guidance on eye skin and respiratory protection requirements 1 6 5 Eyewash and Emergency Showers Due to the potential for eye and skin contact with resins the installation of eyewash and emergency shower facilities should be considered for fiberglass repair shops Coordinate with installation ground safety and BE officials to determine the type and location 1 6 6 Ventilation Requirements Ventilation for fiberglass repair and fabrication shops must be based upon the recommendations of the installation BEE according to AFOSH Standard 48 2 1 7 Electrical Safety in Shops 1 7 1 Electrical Repairs Qualified workers may perform repairs on equipment that has been deener gized and locked out and tagged according to guidance found in AFOSH Standard 91 45 Hazardous Energy Control and Mishap Prevention Signs and Tags In some circumstances shop technicians may work on low voltage control power and lighting circuits while energized for the purpose of test ing calibrating troubleshooting making minor repairs and
25. ograms NSC Supervisor s Safety Manual Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Standard 29 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 1910 178 Powered Industrial Trucks OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910 243 Guarding of Portable Powered Tools OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910 264 Laundry Machinery and Operations OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926 441 Batteries and Battery Charging Technical Order TO 00 20D 1 Railroad Equipment Maintenance Inspection and Recordkeeping TO 00 25 232 Control and Use of Insulating Matting for High Voltage Application TO 00 25 234 General Shop Practice Requirements for Repair Maintenance and Tests of Electrical Equipment TO 45 1 5 Railroad Safety Operations TO 47C 1 1 Safety Instructions for Lawn Care Equipment Abbreviations and Acronyms AFI Air Force Instruction new designation AFM Air Force Manual obsolete designation AFMAN Arr Force Manual new designation AFOSH Ajrr Force Occupational Safety and Health AFR Air Force Regulation obsolete designation AFSC Air Force Safety Center AFVA Air Force Visual Aid BE Bioenvironmental Engineering BEE Bioenvironmental Engineer BX Base Exchange BWS Base Weather Station C Celsius CFR Code of Federal Regulations CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation DBMS Director of Base Medical Services DoD Department of Defense DRU Direct Reporting Unit F Fahrenheit FOA Field Operating Agency HQ Headquarters JSM Joint
26. rdous tasks at remote sites See AFOSH Standard 91 32 Emergency Shower and Eyewash Units for additional guidance NOTE Requests for emergency showers and or eyewashes will be routed through the installation ground safety and BE staffs to determine the need for installation of units 1 3 2 Charging Operations for Powered Industrial Trucks This operation will comply with para graphs 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 5 through 1 3 1 7 1 3 1 11 and 1 3 1 12 of this standard See AFOSH Stan dard 91 46 Material Handling and Storage Equipment and Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 1910 178 Powered Industrial Trucks for additional requirements 1 3 3 Batteries and Battery Charging on Construction Sites These operations will comply with para graphs 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 5 through 1 3 1 7 1 3 1 10 1 3 1 11 1 3 1 12 and 1 3 1 13 Also refer to OSHA 29 CFR 1926 441 Batteries and Battery Charging for additional requirements for construc tion sites 1 4 Laundries and Dry Cleaning Operations There are only a few facilities in the Air Force MAJ COMs should ensure that installations having these facilities comply with appropriate requirements con tained in OSHA 29 CFR 1910 264 Laundry Machinery and Operations OSHA adopted NFPA 32 Dry cleaning Plants and AFOSH Standards 91 31 Personal Protective Equipment and 48 2 1 5 Photographic Laboratory Safety 1 5 1 General 1 5 1 1 Maintain
27. replacement of fuses and circuit breakers If the voltage exceeds 300 volts a safety observer will be present These tasks will be performed only when authorized by applicable Technical Orders TO manufacturer s or other approved procedures and directives In all other cases where repairs to energized circuits or equipment are required the work will be accomplished by qualified electricians Install electrical equipment according to the guidance contained in the NEC 1 7 2 Electrical Cords 1 7 2 1 Electrical extension cords will not be used as a substitute for fixed wiring attached to building surfaces or ran through doorways or under carpets or through holes in walls ceilings or floors Extension cords shall not be spliced stapled tacked coiled or placed where they may be damaged or create a hazard Cords will be inspected by the user to ensure they are of the proper size and rating and are not damaged Damaged cords will be replaced or repaired 1 7 2 2 Flexible cords with portable equipment will be secured to the machine by an under writer s knot or by other device approved for the purpose to prevent putting strain on conductors and connections Grounded devices will have a three prong plug unless the equipment is double insulated then a two prong plug is acceptable 8 1 7 2 3 Cords used with heating appliances such as electric irons will be covered with flame proof insulating material 1 7 2 4 Extension cords used
28. s to all US Air Force industrial operations including all US Air Force Reserve person nel and when Air National Guard personnel are on federal service It is intended to minimize or eliminate safety fire and health hazards to personnel and property associated with these operations This standard does NOT apply to contractors working on Air Force installations including contractors who use govern ment furnished equipment and facilities They are responsible for the safety and health of their personnel Contractors may choose to follow all or parts of this standard but it is not mandatory for the protection of the employees This standard implements those portions of Occupational Safety and Health Administra tion OSHA standards and other national safety consensus standards listed in the references section of Attachment 1 SUMMARY OF REVISIONS Administrative changes and updated references have been made to update this standard to electronic for mat Paragraph 1 1 2 has been changed to require specific wording on scrap and combustible waste con tainers Paragraphs 1 6 6 and 1 7 3 4 have been changed to require installation bioenvironmental engineering BE and or ground safety staffs to evaluate and establish the need for ventilation or per sonal protection equipment PPE Safety procedures to be followed during thunderstorms paragraph 1 16 are added NOTE AFOSH 127 series standards are being converted to 91 series standards and the
29. terials in iso lated fire resistant buildings Store small supplies of packing materials which are kept in shops for immediate use in metal or noncombustible covered containers Remove protruding nails brads and staples from crates cases packing boxes casks boards and lumber to prevent injury to personnel 1 1 4 Electric Buffing Machines Ensure electric buffing machines are equipped with deadman control switches Unless the machines are double insulated ensure electrical cords include three prong plugs to ensure positive ground 1 1 5 Walls and Ceilings Keep projections from walls to a minimum Maintain ceilings in good repair and free of loose plaster 1 1 6 Stacking Materials Stack materials so they may be easily reached but do not project into aisles or passageways Use crossties separators or dunnage to prevent objects from falling or toppling over When materials are stacked to a height of less than 15 feet maintain an 18 inch clearance below ceil ing fire sprinkler deflectors joists rafters beams and roof trusses If the stack is over 15 feet in height increase the clearance to 36 inches Position all stacks of materials to ensure an 18 inch clear ance around light or heating fixtures or follow manufacturer s instructions regardless of height See Air Force Manual AFMAN 23 210 Joint Service Manual JSM For Storage and Materials Han dling for additional information 1 1 7 Lighting Fixtures Ensure fluoresc
30. that presents a potential for catching snagging pulling and tearing should be evaluated and restricted from wear if necessary Some types of jewelry that should be con trolled under these job situations are watches bracelets and necklaces Metal eyeglasses should be 14 secured by a band or cord to prevent them from falling into energized electrical circuits Whenever possi ble these types of jewelry should be removed before entering industrial work areas FRANCIS C GIDEON JR Maj General USAF Chief of Safety Attachment 1 GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES ABBREVIATIONS ACRONYMS AND TERMS References Air Force Instruction AFI 32 7042 Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance AFI 91 202 The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program AFI 91 301 Air Force Occupational and Environmental Safety Fire Protection and Health AFOSH Program Air Force Manual AFMAN 23 210 Joint Services Manual JSM For Storage and Materials Handling AFMAN 24 306 formerly designated as AFR 77 2 Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver AFMAN 32 4004 Emergency Response Operations Attachment 3 Response Guidance for Advanced Aerospace Materials Composites Air Force Occupational Safety and Health AFOSH Standard 48 1 Respiratory Protection Program AFOSH Standard 48 8 Controlling Exposure to Hazardous Materials AFOSH Standard 48 19 Hazardous Noise Program AFOSH Standard 48 21 Hazard Communication formerly designated as AFOSH Standard 161 21 AF
31. und safety or BE staff to determine the type of equip ment required See AFOSH Standard 91 32 1 5 4 Electronic Flash Equipment Supervisors will ensure workers are trained to be aware of the potential risks associated with this equipment Electronic flash equipment is designed to work at a high potential in most cases 450 to 4000 volts After discharge the condensers carry a heavy charge of electricity which must be depleted or bled off before any repair work can be attempted There may be an additional danger of sparking of the contact points in the power packs Precautions listed below are to be followed when servicing and operating this equipment whether it is in the laboratory aircraft or at other locations 1 5 4 1 Only qualified personnel will service high voltage electronic flash equipment 1 5 4 2 This unit will not be operated in potentially hazardous atmospheres containing explosive vapors dusts or fumes above the Lower Explosive Limit LEL 1 5 4 3 A unit will not be charged for firing unless the flashlamp is installed and the complete assembly is ready for use If the assembly was not fired after it was charged the flashlamp will not be removed for at least an hour 1 5 4 4 The power cord will be disconnected from the power pack before removing the lamp or touching the metal part of the lamp socket 1 5 4 5 Before the batteries are removed workers will ensure the assembly has been discharged and that the chargi
32. ures for the site 1 7 4 2 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR instructions 1 7 4 3 Emergency phone numbers and building number 1 7 4 4 First aid kit approved by the base medical services This item is required if work is remote from the nearest medical facility 1 7 4 5 Nonconductive cane or hook with an insulated handle 1 7 4 6 Insulated fuse pullers where required 1 7 4 7 Flashlight with nonmetallic case in operating condition especially where emergency lights are not installed 1 7 4 8 Grounding stick shorting stick 1 7 4 9 Snake bite kit remote work sites 1 7 4 10 Wool blanket 1 7 4 11 Insulating blanket 1 7 4 12 Portable emergency signs constructed of nonconductive materials AF Visual Aids AFVA 91 303 DANGER DO NOT ENERGIZE PERSON WORKING ON ANTENNA 91 304 DANGER DO NOT ENERGIZE WORK IN PROGRESS ON EQUIPMENT 91 305 DANGER INTERLOCKS DISABLED and 91 306 DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE are available through the local publications distribution office See AFOSH Standard 91 45 for information on safety signs and tags 1 7 4 13 CPR face mask with disposable mouthpiece 1 7 4 14 Disposable gloves which are impervious leakproof to body fluids for first aid use 1 8 Grounds Lawn Care and Mowing Safety All personnel shall observe all safety precautions in this standard and those recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment Always read the owner s manual before operating the equipment See
33. y program with a two tiered notification system to minimize personnel exposure to lightning hazards 1 16 3 1 A Lightning Watch is in effect 30 minutes prior to thunderstorms being within 5 nautical mile nm radius of any predetermined location or activity as forecast by the BWS NOTE Light ning is a direct product of a thunderstorm During a Lightning Watch accomplish the following Operations or activities may continue however all personnel must be prepared to imple ment Lightning Warning procedures without delay Be alert for any lightning activity to include audible thunder and advise supervisory per sonnel of any observations 1 16 3 2 A Lightning Warning is in effect whenever any lightning is occurring within 5 nm radius of the predetermined locations and activities Personnel in affected locations or engaged in affected activities will take the following actions Cease all outside activity and seek shelter Recommended locations that provide safe shel ter and locations to avoid are listed in paragraph 1 16 1 1 If lightning does not occur within 5 nm at the valid forecast time of the Lightning Watch BWS will reassess the Lightning Watch and amend as needed Lightning warnings will be canceled when the thunderstorms have passed beyond the 5 nm radius of the location or activity A Lightning Watch will not be canceled if there is potential for more thunder storms within 30 min All aircraft fuel service maintenance activiti
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