Foothills Antique Tractor and Engine Club
Contents
1. 6 Wrong Pump Gasket New pump gasket item 28 PC304 page 3 was homemade too thick allowing free flow of oil within the pump Oil slips around the pump gears 7 Worn Pump Inspect the idler and drive gear the oil pump cover and oil pump body for wear 8 Damage Filter Can and Body Gasket Inspect the top of filter head for damage caused by tightening nut on filter cover too tight Pressure is lost due to leakage between the oil filter head and oil filter body 9 Loose or Broken Oil Pipe One of the oil pipe fittings was loose the nut had completely backed off and slid to the other end of the line Once reconnected and tightened pressure was restored 10 Other Comments from the Gallery include the following 10a The rod to crankpin clearance was about 0 010 instead of the specified 0 001 0 003 And on this same tractor the left side main bearing found with 0 010 clearance instead of the specified 0 002 0004 10b I drained the crankcase and found an abundant amount of small seeds somehow carried into the crankcase by some animal blocking the pump s intake screen 11 One hypothesizes the causes for poor oil pressure include a distorted or broken relief spring 38 missing pilot 39 or a broken spring 40 See item numbers for PC304 page 3 A final such event would be that the adjust screw was backed all the way out and has fallen from position so that it cannot be restarted from2. SCREEN MANIFOLD GOVERNOR Y ADJUST gt GAUGE RELIEF Figure 14 1 Schematic Diagram of Engine Oiling John Deere two cylinder tractors will employ a system similar to the schematic The pump consists of a gear pair that simply and positively grabs oil in the gear teeth traveling around the perimeter of the gears and forces that oil through the filter and on to various destinations Above we have the Model H schematic others will be similar in principle differing in design leaf springs spring loaded plungers etc Oil pressure is user adjustable the adjustment method varies among models but the concept is the same Without regulation the amount of oil being pumped will vary with temperature and oil viscosity At initial start up when more oil is being pumped excess oil is returned to the pump inlet section Relief This regulating scheme is a function of a relief spring held against a port of the manifold Adjustment under tension of another spring and adjustment screw The end result is to be an oil pressure reading within a well defined range of from 10 to 15 PSI between M and H on the gauge The pump is situated at the bottom of the crankcase Oil drawn into the pump is screened and oil pumped out to distant points of the engine returns to the crankcase Note also an avenue for oil to bypass the filter There is found another spring tensioned gate a safety in event the oil filter
3. as specified in instruction book for tractor crankcase 3 same as 2 above 4 Fill to oil level hole 5 Wash and or grind valve to a complete seat or replace valve 6 Lock in place with set screw valve shaft 7 Replace yoke 8 Force handle down against stop on power lift housing and then raise it 9 Replace with new cup 10 See JD H Service Guide paragraph 6 4 Servicing Cylinders for power lifts Clean and Overhaul 11 Replace piston amp rod 12 Operate engine at full govern speed Lift Will Not Start 1 Force valve operating handle down against stop on power lift housing and then raise it 2 Tighten set screw 3 Replace with new yoke 282 Appendix 18 Page 2 Lift Will Not Stay in Raised Position Cause Damaged piston cup 2 Leaking check valve 3 Oil leakage at the cylinder Remedy 1 Install new cup 2 Use valve lapping compound and grind valve to a better seat 3 See JD H Service Guide paragraph 6 4 Servicing Cylinders for H power lifts Clean and Overhaul Power Lift Oil Overheating in Valve Housing 1 Using oil too light in 2 Overloading power lift 3 Scored pump gears 4 Failure of the by pass valve to open fully 1 Change to correct weight of oil viscosity 2 Check implements as in Complaint 1 above 3 Replace with new parts 4 Remove valve through top filler plug after ball and spring detent are removed through side of valve housing and clea
4. ball check valve in piston 3 See JD H Service Guide paragraph 6 4 Servicing Cylinder for Power Lifts Clean and Overhaul 4 Damaged piston cup 4 Replace with new cup leather 5 Oil return plunger binding in bore of piston 5 Replace plunger or remove rust spots with very fine due to rust or oversized plunger creating a emery cloth drag greater than the plunger spring is capable of working against 6 Broken Plunger 6 Replace with new plunger Oil Leakage Through Ball Check Valve 1 Foreign matter under ball 1 Flush tap or disassembly and clean 2 Check ball spring and seat assembly 2 Replace with new assembly installed backwards 3 Spring lodged under ball 3 Replace with new spring and thread into hole Do not drive spring into place Oil Leakage When Removing Cylinder Hose 1 Engine in operation 1 Stop engine 2 Broken fittings 2 Replace fittings By Pass Valve Fails to Open Lift will raise but pump continues to labor The by pass valve is not opening for one of two reasons Control handle is forced up with full pump 1 Engine speed is too low or pressure takes considerable force on the 2 Valve passageway contaminated with foreign handle to move it to the lowered position Material 284
5. becomes totally blocked allowing unfiltered oil to be pumped throughout the engine 270 Appendix 14 page 2 of 6 Figure 14 2 is a peek down into a JD H crankcase oil pump amp pipes installed but no crankshaft Take note of the oil filter body and oil filter body head nice and square in appearance TO GOVERNOR OIL PUMP TO RT MAIN o BEARING TO LT MAIN BEARING RELIEF VALVE ADJUSTMENT PUMP TO FILTER PUMP INLET SCREEN FILTER TO PUMP 71 Ties 7 DISTRIBUTION TO GAUGE g 241 MANIFOLD TO TAPPETS FILTER ASSEMBLY Figure 14 2 Oil Pump with Pipes Pressure Regulation Figure 14 3A illustrates the regulating part of the engine lubricating system The adjust screw when turned INWARD CW will exert pressure on the thin looking relief spring by means of unseen a small coil spring to increase oil pressure The relief spring is pressed up against the sixth port of the manifold Only when pressure exceeds a preset amount will the relief spring be pushed back to allow Relief oil Fig 14 1 to return to the pump s input side For nearly all two cylinder John Deere tractors the oil pressure specification of from 10 to 15 PSI between M amp this regardless of engine temperature or speed even at slow idle At least 10 PSI to ensure oil reaches intended destinations And oil pressure shouldn t exceed 15 PSI because where pressure is too high excessive amounts
6. of oil are pumped and this excess oil can cause an engine to use oil the rings cannot scrape the excess oil away fast enough 271 Appendix 14 page 3 of 6 Figure 14 3 A amp B John Deere H Oil Pressure Regulator Unit left and on the right is the Author s Choice of oil for Two Cylinders Tractors Engine Oil Many ask what oil is best suited for the John Deere Model H and similar vintage two cylinder tractors At this writing Figure 14 3B represents the author s choice once the break in period is concluded Pressure Regulation The Details In Figures 14 4 A amp B you see illustrated the detail of the relief spring of the small pilot or pip as some tend to call it the coil spring and also the adjustment screw For some models this adjustment can be accessed from outside the main case usually by removal of a pipe plug For some models this adjustment is accessible only by removing the crankcase cover In any case instructions will generally tell one to stop the engine before making any such adjustment You should consult your tractor s service manual before adjusting Fig 14 4 A amp B Relief Spring Set flat relief spring with pilot coil spring and adjustment screw 22 Appendix 14 page 4 of 6 A System of Interacting Pressures Looking back at the schematic on page 1 for a moment many factors come into play when setting oil pressure Each of the manifo
7. 562 1 375 x 105 688 1 469 x 134 781 1 375 120 200 HV hardness 200 HV hardness 278 Appendix 17 Page 1 of 3 Overhaul Power Lift Unit Reference Fig 17 1 shows an exploded view of the JD H Power Lift The principal parts are A Operating Lever Control Valve By Pass Valve D Valve Housing E Relief Valve F Pressure Adjusting Washer G Drop Speed Adjusting Screw H Discharge Cap I Remote Cylinder Hose J Check Valve K Control Arm L Cover M By Pass Valve Detent Ball Assembly DISASSEMBLY Control Valve Remove cover A Fig 17 3 from housing Loosen yoke lock nut and remove lock screw from control arm Loosen packing control arm nut and pull control valve up and out of housing Remove packing nut and packing Discard packing 279 Appendix 17 Page 2 of 3 Relief Valve Remove relief valve A Fig 17 5 Use care not to lose pressure adjusting washers B Fig 17 5 Relief Valve By Pass Valve Fig 17 6 By Pass Valve Remove by pass valve detent ball and spring assembly A Fig 17 6 Remove retainer plug B Remove by pass valve C and spring Check Valve Remove check valve assembly A Fig 17 7 Remove fast drop speed control screw assembly B Fig 17 7 INSPECTION AND REPAIR Wash all parts thoroughly with solvent Blow out all passages Inspect valve housing for cracks holes or other damage Inspec
8. Appendix 13 page 1 of 2 Foothills Antique Tractor and Engine Club TECH TIPS POLARIZING YOUR GENERATOR Did you know that your generator can deliver current for either a positive or a negative ground system Well it can And you can make it work in either mode But if yours produces current with the wrong polarity you might have to make costly repairs A generator produces current by passing conductors the armature windings through a magnetic field The magnetic field is produced by electromagnets that surround the armature Basically the field portion of your generator consists of copper windings around iron core often referred to as the pole shoes The voltage and current delivered by your generator is determined by the strength of the magnetic field and the speed at which the generator is running But the polarity of the current is determined by the polarity of the pole shoes or the direction of the magnetic flux or field which is determined by the direction of current through the field windings OK so you install a generator and take great care to connect the wires properly so you won t burn out your ammeter or cutout relay What could go wrong if the wires are hooked up right R A 24 VOLTS 12 VOLTS 12 VOLTS Figure 13 1 Plenty When you start your engine the generator will start delivering current Since the generator is still isolated from the electrical system by the voltage regulator or cutout relay at this poi
9. all all remaining plugs and screws CHECKING CRACKING PRESSURE System Operating Pressure is 555 PSI Relief valve cracking pressure of from 675 to 720 PSI is checked after unit is installed on the tractor To do this obtain a 3 8 pipe coupling and a 3 8 to 1 4 pipe reducer See Fig 17 11 Remove cylinder from end of hose and install gauge along with its fittings in its place Warm lift unit oil to 100 F With engine at fast idle move control lever down as far as it will go and then to raise Cracking pressure will register on the gauge pressure maintained by closed check valve Adjust pressure with 24H1R washers adding to increase deleting to decrease 8 9 Fig 17 11 Gauge for Checking Pressure 281 Appendix 18 Page 1 Hydraulic Lift System Troubleshooting Chart Lift Will Not Raise Cause 1 Overload 2 Too light an oil 3 Too heavy an oil 4 Not enough oil in lift 5 Relief valve leaking 6 Yoke loose on control 7 Yoke broken 8 Power lift control handle not moved to lowest position before being raised 9 Piston cup damage 10 Ball check valve in piston oil return passageway not sealing 11 Piston connecting rod bent 12 Engine at part throttle 1 Control shaft not pushed 2 Yoke loose on control valve shaft 3 Yoke broken Remedy 1 Examine and increase tension of the implement lifting spring or add booster spring to implements 2 Change to same weight
10. arized You must polarize the generator every time it is disconnected or serviced Figure 13 2 To polarize the generator simply make a short jumper wire to short between the battery b or bat and generator g or gen lugs on the cutout relay or voltage regulator Only a split second or a spark is required so simply tap your jumper wire onto the lugs and pull them right back off Reference John Deere Fundamentals of Service FOS Electrical Systems Fifth Edition 1984 Chapter 4 Charging Systems John Deere Service Training Dept F John Deere Road Moline IL 61265 http web utk edu tprather FoothillsTractorClub TechTips PolarizeGenerator html 269 Appendix 14 page 1 of 6 Engine Lubrication System Oil is forced under pressure through the oil filter by a pump Filtered oil is then forced through oil lines to the main bearings and through drilled leads in the crankshaft to connecting rod bearings The overflow of oil which is forced out around connecting rod bearings is caught by the revolving crankshaft and thrown to cylinder walls bathing governor gears camshaft and other parts in the crankcase in oil Oil is pumped to the tappet case to lubricate and cool valve stems rocker arms and tappets And an oil pressure gauge providing the real time reading is in plain view for the operator from the John Deere Model H Restoration Guide Chapter 3 a PUMP gt L MAIN FIXED ss BY PASS MAIN FILTER TAPPETS
11. emove and clean overhaul both the oil pump and filter head assemblies when the crankcase is empty Fig 14 7 Crankcase cover removed 274 Appendix 14 page 6 of 6 Stories and Tales I close with this section with words from others From the annals of data 1 have viewed I tell what others and I have found or have heard of relating to either low oil pressure or none at all for Model tractors The format below is a Trouble Shooting Guide Some are from victims of the experimentation of others before they realized they were victims In your travels continue to be aware that six or seven decades have passed since your tractor was built This leaves it subject to the wiles of many so called brave folks more than willing to tear into one of these gems with nothing to guide them I caution that if one is spending the usual thousands dollars for a tractor another 50 or 100 in manuals is a small price to pay for guidance 1 Defective Oil Pressure Gauge Check the gauge If defective replace it 2 Sludge filled Oil Pressure Sense Line Disassemble and clean 3 Improper Oil Regulator Adjustment If no marked improvement is noted after adjustment consider 4 Sludged Oil Pump Intake Screen Disassemble and clean 5 Defective Relief Spring One finding the pilot item 39 PC304 page 3 became unattached to the relief spring 38 and was laying beside the H312R spring This is equivalent to having a by pass
12. gned to permit the system to continue to oil the engine long after the oil filter has become clogged When this happens of course unfiltered oil is lubricating the engine Figure 14 5 A amp B Oil Filter Head spring on left relief spring amp valve on right Crushed Filter Body Figure 14 6 Note the cave in of the canister at the canister filter head interface This distortion the drawing of the filter head too tightly into the filter body was the result of applying excessive torque to the oil filter cap screw Why Men will apply added torque in attempts to stop oil leaking around the cap The issue however is usually a hardened A519R filter cover gasket This tractor lost all oil pressure because pumped oil escaped back into the crankcase without reaching the manifold leaking out between filter body and filter head The one single remedy is to renew the oil filter body the canister no easy task and special tooling is required Consult your tractor s Service Manual The lesson to be learned here is to renew the A519R oil filter cover gasket at least once per season The most sound practice would be to renew this gasket with each oil filter change 273 Appendix 14 page 5 of 6 Fig 14 6 This oil filter body was removed from H 47511 Finally a peek down into the crankcase with the crankshaft installed reveals very limited access to the oil pump and its lines with only the C C cover removed The lesson here is to r
13. ld outputs is designed for certain volume and the individual calculated circuit resistances come into play to determine overall resistance to oil flow This is much like having four or five hoses connected to one hose bib on the side of the house if one bursts all will lose pressure If one is plugged up the pressure increases for the rest This system is much the same So if an output is clogged like the governor line on a B tractor for instance pressure will rise If your tractor has worn out main bearings allowing much of the oil to slide back into the crankcase prematurely pressure will be lower The bottom line here is that any rather sudden rise or fall in oil pressure should be taken as a signal that your engine s oiling system needs attention If You Have No History with The Tractor A high or a low oil pressure reading will not tell you much In this case you must methodically test each engine oiling section to determine the cause for the out of spec reading and take remedial action in order to protect the engine Fixed By Pass for the Oil Filter As visualized in figure 14 1 and briefly stated in the paragraph below figure 14 1 The oil filter head contains a spring tensioned gate relief valve Figure 14 5A illustrates the spring contained in the cap section In figure 14 5B we see the leaf spring with its pilot the valve port being just below the pilot This valve operates under a fixed tension and is desi
14. n Oil Leakage into Crankcase NOTE Since the volume of oil in he valve housing changes according to the position of the lift it is necessary to provide a breathing passageway to permit air to enter the power lift housing When the lift is raised air is expelled The breather passageway is connected to the crankcase and therefore air entering the lift is filtered by the moss type air cleaner used with the crankcase breathing system 1 Too light a weight oil This results in a foaming condition and the foam is easily forced into the crankcase unnoticed 2 Overloading the lift unit 3 Damaged oil seal on power lift pump 4 Filling valve housing with oil when the lift is in the raised position too much oil 1 Replace with proper weight oil 2 Overloading causes oil to operate at high temperature for a long period of time resulting in overheating 3 Replace the oil seal 4 Oil level in the valve housing should be determined with the lift in the LOWERED position so that all the oil in the system is in the valve housing 283 Appendix 18 Page 3 Oil Leakage at Cylinder Cause Remedy 1 Cylinder installed upside down 1 End of cylinder marked top should be installed in the higher position i e facing UP 2 Arrows on the underside of cylinder 2 Arrows should be on the top side of the cylinder in order to take away any oil that seeps past piston Oil Leakage at Cylinder Continued 3 Oil leakage past
15. nt it will start producing current based on the polarity of the pole shoes As soon as it begins producing current some of that current will be directed to the field windings to strengthen the magnetic flux 268 Appendix 13 page 2 of 2 According to John Deere s Fundamentals of Service manual if the generator polarity is reversed the generator will build up voltage and close the cutout relay points This put the generator in series with the battery and their voltages are added together This high voltage across the points about twice the battery voltage can cause high current and enough heat to weld the points together This damage does not happen immediately The instant the points close the voltage is about the same on both sides of the relay coil so very little current flows and spring tension reopens the points But generator voltage will again close the points and the cycle will repeat at a rapid rate Heat and arcing will finally weld the points together When the points weld the battery and generator are connected at all times The low resistance of the generator allows the battery to continue to discharge through the generator The high current can create enough heat to burn the armature How do you control the polarity of the pole shoes The polarity is determined by the direction of the last current through the field windings Since even a very small current can polarize the shoes never assume the generator is properly pol
16. ntory remnants of otherwise serviceable seats C1785 amp D1796 were 276 installed to exhaust supply so it is within reason to see variance to these statements along the way AD 1606 6 AD 1606 Figure 15 2 AD1606R Seat Per JR Hobbs the AD1606R was first used on 1937 D tractors and was adopted for use also on late US A amp B tractors most likely late in 1937 production Models D H L amp LA plus orchard amp standard tractors used AD1606K seats for all years Tractor owners often debate the number of holes to be found in the AD1606R pan seat for a given production year tractor According to reliable sources which includes the Two Cylinder Magazine near universal use of this seat was for all styled tractors equipped with a pan seat but the number of holes changed over time From the beginning until some time in late 1941 production the seat had 9 holes Then it was changed to a 7 hole pattern that held through most of 1944 production Beginning with 1945 you should expect to see 5 holes It appears a 3 hole decision was implemented by late 1946 and continued into 1947 when this seat was phased out on A B amp Gtractors Widely used on later tractors AD1606R remains available from Deere but it comes with ZERO holes even though later parts catalogs show the seat with three Comparing this trend from the 24 hole seats used during the early US tractor era makes the production use and evolution of pan seats an intere
17. outside the case 12 One person tended to suggest that the John Deere H oil pressure regulating screw may be adjusted while the engine is running rather imagine that fellow would be in for a shock as he stuck his long flat bladed screwdriver in only to have the crankshaft mangle the stuffing out of it 275 Appendix 15 Pan Seats C1785 and D1796 Seats The early unstyled US tractors D amp GP carried first the C1785 pan seat and then later on the D1796 seat both having a pressed steel structure similar to the AD1606R All three seats are interchangeable however the seat bolt may be peculiar to the seat part number Both of the two earlier seats contained 24 holes arranged in two rows with 13 holes in the upper row and 11 holes in the lower Figure 15 1 For the D tractors we have C1785 seat from the beginning up through 109943 end of 1931 production and then the D1796 seat up through 130699 end of 1936 production For the GP Series tractors C1785 was used on all GP Standard tractors and on GP Wide Tread from the beginning in 1929 until early into the 1932 production year changing to the D1796 for 404810 up D1796 was used on GP Orchard tractors from Day 1 to the end D1796 was the factory installed seat for the US A amp B tractors as they came into production Indications are that AD1606 9 hole was used on the US G tractor from day 1 As is always true for manufacturing concerns inve
18. sting observation 227 Appendix 16 Steel Washer Specifications John Deere Model H Tractor Old No 24H 1R 24H 39R 24H 43R 24H 72R 24H 79R 24H 82R 24H 132R 24H 143R 24H 154R 24H 155R 24H 156R 24H 169R 24H 183R 24H 205R 24H 233R 24H 234H 24H 234R 24H 239R 24H 448R 24H 469A 24H 481R 24H 482R 24H 490R 24H 496R 24H 502R 24H 553R 24H 560R 24H 685R 24H 845R 24H 847R 24H 954R 24H 991R 24H 992R 24H 993R 24H 994R New No 24H1317 24H1290 24H1306 none 24H1569 24H1589 24H1286 24H1136 24H1305 24H1299 24M7096 24H1325 24H1227 24H1375 24H1660 24H1660 24H1660 24H1431 24H448 24M7180 24H1355 24H1211 24H1106 24H1392 24H1236 24 7180 24H1236 24H1429 24H1281 24H1503 24H1589 24H1355 24H1211 24H1378 24H1392 Ref PC304 Parts Catalog ID x OD x Thickness A22 x 750 018 328 750 x 035 406 1 00 x 035 2 04 x 2 72 x 020 1 781 x 2 25 x 036 2 000 x 3 188 x 0 36 281 x 500 x 063 344 x 688 065 A406 x 812 x 065 375 x 1 25 065 413 709 063 469 922 065 531 812 060 688 1 125 x 060 891 1 375 060 Comments Zinc 200HV hardness 906 x 2 00 x 060 781 x 1 125 x 090 5512 1 457 x 118 578 x 1 125 x 120 562 1 375 x 105 688 x 1 750 x 134 781 1 375 x 120 812 x 2 00 x 149 5512 1 457 x 118 812 x 2 00 x 149 906 1 75 x 194 158 x 375 x 049 1 297 x 2 219 x 060 2 00 x 3 188 x 036 578 1 125 x 120
19. t hole at lower end of 280 Appendix 17 Page 3 of 3 by pass valve passage C Fig 17 7 to be sure it is open Check freedom of movement of by pass valve in passage Inspect relief valve and check valve seats both in the housing and on the valve itself The valve may be ground on a valve re facing machine If the seat is bad recondition it with seat grinding stones Valves that are in fair condition may be lapped to their seats To reseat the relief valve unscrew the relief valve screw remove spring and valve Using a guided stone grind a new seat This same technique is employed to recondition the check valve seat CAUTION remove as little metal as possible in grinding a new seat ASSEMBLY Make certain that all parts are clean Use Fig 17 1 as a guide in assembly Coat relief valve by pass valve control valve B and check valve J with oil before assembling Install relief valve E spring adjusting washers F and retaining screw and gasket Tighten screw securely Fig 17 5 Install by pass valve spring by pass valve and retainer spring Fig 17 6 Install control valve B and control arm Tighten set screw in control arm securely and lock with jam nut Use new packing on control valve Fig 17 3 Install by pass valve detent ball assembly Fig 17 6 Install check valve assembly and fast drop speed control screw Fig 17 7 Renewing gasket install cover L Fig 17 1 Inst
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