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No. 24 - Bitsavers.org

1. The unkit is fully socketed wave soldered Big Board II It requires NO soldering All an unkit purchaser must do is carefully insert the The new Ferguson computer has a Z80 A DMA chip that will allow byte wise data prime ICs we supply in the proper sockets and systematically proceed to transfers at 500 KBytes per second and bit serial transfers via the Z80 A 510 at 880 Kbits bring up and test the board per second with minimal processer overhead When a hard disc subsystem is added the DMA chip makes impressive disk performance possible CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research A L T EX CO M P UT E RS N C Terms Orders paid for with a cashier s check or bank card will be shipped within three 5 working days Orders paid for with a personal check will shipped within three weeks 780 E TRIMBLE ROAD 504 SAN JOSE CA 95131 408 942 1424 d9 5 for packing amp shipping in North America MICRO CORNUCOPIA Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 5060 Orders Only 503 382 8048 Tech 9 Noon Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Operations Manager David Pogue Assistant Editors Gary Entsminger Rebecca Ozrelic Accounting Sandra Thompson Graphic Design Craig Lannes Michael Odell Technical Department Dana Cotant Eric Roby Bruce Berryhill Laine Stump Advertising Director Alice Holbrow Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Tracey Braas Cary Gat
2. Epic Sales ssc reor rrr as Ferguson Engineering 18 64 Greywolf 46 76 Haventree 8 Integral Systems 83 integrand 78 JFN Industries 40 Kamasoft 65 Kenmore Computer Technologies 48 15 L Band 27 Manx Software Back Cover 55 Mendocino Software 64 MicroCode 10 Microcomputer Systems 46 Micro Cornucopia Microgroup Microprocessors Unlimited Back Cover MicroSphere htt n Motel Computers Ltd 82 Optronics Technology 43 Orange County Computer 46 PG Tech cage 48 39 Phenix 21 Plu Perfect Systems 42 Programmers Shop 21 82 Rivendell Audiocomp 21 Rolland Management 73 SWP Inc 2 Inside Back Servo SCOR eR 28 29 Soft
3. 80 Softa id eere 48 Software Toolworks 30 Spectre Technologies 32 Tarbell Electronics 10 Twente Digital 31 Unified Software Western Wares WW Components Xpert Software The Last Page By Gary Entsminger W nen you talk about the 16 bit world you re usually referring to the Motorola 68000 and the Intel 8086 series Both are powerful systems that we re go ing to be hearing a lot about this year 8086 Vrs 80286 Compatibility has been the strength of Intel s microprocessors since the 8008 of the 70s and the 8086 family continues the tradition The 8086 series accesses memory by dividing the 16 megabytes into 256 64K chunks This is called segmented ad dressing The reason for this chunky addressing is that an 8086 creates an ad dress by combining its 16 bit address register with 8 bits stored in an offset register Four segment registers access physical memory In the past many routines were limited to 64K because programmers didn t want to deal with the offset segment register The 80286 makes it easier on programmers by adding an invisible reg ister set to handle offset addressing so the four segment registers become invis ible to the program on the 80286 and the programmer doesn t have to worry about them Their visible register s
4. areas C C Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 To modify the system to just edit and assemble with ASM CP M 75 1 50 postage in Calif add 6 53 Software CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Box 1192 Mountainside NJ 07092 how many advanced micro users there But this was just not enough for Ziff Davis and in late 84 they decided to close Microsystems down Have You Ever Wondered About Having spent two years in the world of big magazine publishing I have learned something about the publishing biz I could probably write a book on the sub ject but I thought I would give you a few insights here Have you ever noticed that many magazine publishers offer huge dis counts to get new subscribers and then seldom if ever offer discounts to sub scribers who renew In other words once they suck you in they zing it to you Also do you realize how far in advance you ve been receiving your renewal no tices I recently got a magazine renewal notice 12 months before it was due to ex pire A Few Other Tidbits Have you ever wondered why so many publishers say allow 6 8 weeks before you receive your first issue And why so many have a subscriber address in Boulder Colorado while their offices are actually somewhere else Let me tell you some of the reasons continued next page MasterCard The S C G programs produce
5. 1398 Hard Disk Controller New 8087 Math Assembled and Tested Only 200 Co Processor Board New Requires removel of CPU socket This board requires C Step CPU and The Slicer 188 8 Mhz 8087 Kit with all parts except ee a S uc uct Try our New SLICER Bulletin Board System 300 1200 Baud at 612 788 5909 SLICER COMPUTERS INC PAYMENT METHOD Mastercard Visa check money order or COD 2543 Marshall Street certified funds or cash Please allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery ARO SLICER Minnesota residents please add 6 Minnesota sales tax Normal shipping Minneapolis MN 55418 within the continental USA via standard U P S service is now included 612 788 9481 on all boards and software MCRE Listing This is the listing that was left out of Issue 23 s Slicer column MORE was written by Laine Stump as an example 8086 assembly language program It lists a file to the screen a page at a time 09 000008808 0R DO OGRONROGREREQREARTRRGEREORORREROGOREGENAQODRSOSESGAESORRNS Iuessseessssananeasasosanssss 000000000 00200 OEOUROD E0000 OR 0 ROO 00000 EEEREE 86 print a file to the console 1 page at a time H similar to UNIX s more send 128 characters 6FCB to console keeping track of lines S Assemble with A gt asm86 more 128 A gt genemd more Laine Stump 2 6 85 MOV CX 12
6. Generates user definable signal Up to 2000 points per envelop e 200ns maximum output rate per point 795 00 QUA TECH INC 478 Exchange St Akron 44304 216 434 3154 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Benchmarking The 68000 and 80X86 By Luis Basto What s the fastest 16 bit chip around It depends on whom you re lis tening to Intel has published reports comparing the speeds of its 80 86 family and Mo torola s 68000 Their reports claim the iAPX286 is three to six times faster than the 8086 and three times faster than the 68000 Motorola decided to study Intel s benchmark results and they found some inconsistencies in Intel s compari sons Here s food for thought 1 Intel used the fastest 1 286 they make 8MHz but not the 12 5MHz Mo torola 68000 2 Intel used a record area of 64K for the linked list benchmark which is the maximum memory all 80 86 chips can address without segment switching and used a 16 Megabyte area for the 68000 3 None of Intel s benchmarks han dled the case of crossing a segment boundary Obviously many applica tions require more than 64K RAM Crossing a segment boundary means more overhead slower operation forIn tel s parts Intel Vrs EDN Benchmarks EDN published a list of benchmarks which the major chip manufacturers can use to compare parts Figure 1 gives the results used in the Motorola report us ing the fast chips From these res
7. Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 1225 Fonthill Ave Torrance CA 90503 There are two ways to send a decre ment signal to the counter from the trig ger selector via the pre scaled clock or directly from the CLK TRIG input pin for that channel The Pre scaled Clock The pre scaled clock is the computer s clock 2 5MHz for example divided by either 16 or 256 This means that a decre ment signal for a 2 5MHz clock 400 ns cycle time can occur either every 6 4 us 400 ns x 16 or 102 4 us 400 ns 256 With a 2 5MHz clock the CTC timer de crement trigger can occur either 156 250 times per second or 9 765 times per sec ond The second way to send a decrement signal to the counter is directly from the CLK TRIG input pin Depending on the programming a decrement will occur every time this pin sees a rising or falling edge there is no pre scaling The counter portion of the circuit is re settable and it counts to zero from a pre set value The value can be anything be tween 1 and 256 Since an 8 bit data path really only has values from 0 to 255 the treats 0 as 256 The counter deducts one for each de crement signal received from the trigger selector When zero is reached a mo mentary high signal is sent out the nor mally low ZC TO Zero Crossing Time Out output pin andan interrupt is gen erated for that channel if interrupts are enabled Then the counter resets itself to the start
8. Fly In The Ointment There s always a catch Using the BDOS entry vector as a method for de termining TPA space is fine and in fact is the correct way of doing it But it s not always the correct way to actually locate the BDOS Here s why There are a number of programs resi dent system extensions or RSEs like de buggers keyboard translators or screen dumps that have to reside in RAM while other programs are running My com pany Xpert Software makes two such products XtraKey and XScreen One thing these programs have in common is that they relocate themselves into high memory just below the CCP They load at 100H just like any other pro gram look at the BDOS entry vector subtract 800H to find the beginning of the CCP and then relocate themselves just underneath the CCP To keep from being overwritten by subsequent programs these programs take the original BDOS entry vector subtract 800H for the CCP subtract the NSE ST ET EE BE OP TET ES IY TT S EIT NIAI ILE IC E NEC O 62 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 size of the new resident RSE program and then stick the result back into ad dress 6 BDOS Figure 5 gives another example Start by assuming that the original BDOS jump vector points to address D406 Now run an RSE that requires just un der 2K worth of working code The val ues on the left side of Fig 5 are actual numbers taken from my computer Zor ba th
9. lt guards Sd tht ttttt ttt No 954 4t t ttett Attempt to bribe the 11 gt i 9 4 444844 ktht 4d4 hkhht ete gt Serve time v t Yes bribe Yes accepted rehabili 5 Stop tated FA RAKAKEAEEAEEDES Unless you have time to spare in extreme cases a few people have found they had thirty years to spare You read the flowchart anyway Why Because flowcharts are a power ful graphic way of communicating ideas The big problem is producing them they take a lot of time to do well and are difficult to revise or correct The flowchart above was produced using EasyFlow a computer aided flowchart generation tool You decide how the flowchart is to be laid out and describe the flowchart to EasyFlow using a simple command language EasyFlow then does the hard part of actually producing and printing the flowchart EasyFlow automatically centers text inside shapes and routes lines changes and corrections are easy since EasyFlow re centers text and re routes lines as necessary EasyFlow is a well designed thoroughly tested and comprehensively documented package e FAST Produces a typical flowchart in 12 seconds e EASY The command language is straightforward and easy t
10. 1 Ow 8 BIT DD PORT AND ONB 8 BIT OUT PORT 16 WIRES D A GRO NO HANDSHAKE LINES REQUIRED 2 CENTRONICS PRINTER PORT 8 OUTPUT DATA BITS AND ONB INPUT DATA BUSY 9 WIRES AND A GROUND CONTROL PROGRAM COMMANDS PROGRAM PRO DISK READ DISK FILE 1 RBAD EPROM A nE RAM VERIFY EPROM IS ERASED DISPLAY MODIFY RAM MON SAVE TO DISK 5 EAR EP 5 PARE EUM ITH RAM Y EPR MODE COMMANDS FILL DUMP XPFER BXAMINE MODIFY BIAS PROGRAM VERIFY BARE P C BOARD WITH COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE 8 SINGLE DENSITY DISKETTE ABOVE WITH COMPLETE PARTS KIT 169YA2T 189 OFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR OSBORNE KAYPRO AND OTHER 5 1 4 FMTS TO ORDER SEND CHECK MONEY ORDER WRITE OR CALL AN CH P O BOX 222 MILFORD OHIO 45150 513 752 7218 CALL OR WRITE FOR MORE INFORMATION ADD 300 SHIPPING OHIO RES ADD 55 TAX VISA MC ACCEPTED 300 FOR COD EE WE BRING Wn ENGINEERS SCIENTISTS AND THE IBM PC TOGETHER e 8 bit resolution 30 KHz throughput rate e 16 channel SE 8 DI e LABSTAR Software 13000 e 12 bit resolution e 24 KHz throughput rate e 16 channel SE 8 DI LABSTAR Software 690 00 IEEE 488 GPIB Multifunction Board e Full GPIB controller capability Three 16 bit interval timers 24 digital 1 O lines Software included 495 00
11. 8 0 5 7 12 Ibs 20 00 Dacom 2489 01 C 12 5V 1A unregulated b x5 x3 216 10 00 15N5 1 15V 5A 10 x4 xb 615 75 00 Standard Power200 16 16V 9 12 5A unregulated 4 72 x84 xb 7 12 Ibs 15 00 NEW TEAC FDBBF half height 96TPI 80 track double sided 169 NEW TEAC FD35F 3 80 track 135TPI double sided 195 NEW DTC Hard Disk Controllers for PC 250 All drives with asterisk are compatible with the IBM PCTM as 360K or 380K drives Half height drives may required mounting brackets or filler plates not supplied with the drive Ask about quantity pricing All drives carry a 90 day guarantee Functional Specifications 160 640 4 2 1 DC Voltage Requirements 12Vdc 5 1 8 A typical 4 0A max starting for 6 sec 5Vdc 5 0 9A typical 1 5 A max 95 00 CEA CEA6A20V252 20V 2 5 b xb x7 4 11165 Sorenson SLC20 5 20V 5 5 A x3Y x81 415 Sorenson SSD24 8 5 24V 8 5 A x3V x10 5165 90 00 Astec AA11261 5V 6A 28V 1A unregulated switcher 7 x4 x2 50 00 Compower 70040 5V 3A 12 5 12 1 5 10 2 50 00 Osborne Power Supply 25 00 25 00 40 00 AC ADAPTORS Viewsinics VSADP 20 9 VAC 150 ma Basler Electric BE24V20 24V 20VA LCD DISPLAYS Toshiba LT 8026 35 16 Line X 46 Column 7 50 DISKETTES Almost New 5 4 65 DOCUMENT CARRIERS 2 pocket leatherette 8 11 SPEAKER
12. Single Step program execution Download file from CP M system to development Ram Upload Memory from development RAM to CP M disk Two versions Master BMON runs in your CP M system Slave BMON runs in your target system Note Requires Microsoft s M80 amp L80 assembler amp linker to setup Slave BMON 8 SSSD Disk containing Master BMON Slave BMON CONSOL BMONIO CONSOLIO and Users Manual 49 95 Shipped Via prepaid UPS No COD or P O Box Check or Money Order to Barnes Research amp Development 750 W Ventura St Altadena CA 91101 818 794 1244 CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc M80 amp L80 are trademarks of Microsoft Inc SUC 9 D i 85 D a 87 D Trap Address Switches 16 icm A22 Cys 655 ct 7 eie 7415136 TRAP Open Switch to Trap 741538 5 0 3 l LoD 741510 741510 741500 Figure 3 5 100 Breakpoint Trap Circuit RESTART 7415136 741504 5 O o gt ES Q Eco C Compiler Release 3 0 We think Rel 3 0 of the Eco C Compiler is the fastest full C available for the Z80 environment Consider the evidence Benchmarks Seconds Benchmark Q C Times courtesy of Dr David Clark CNC Could Not Compile N A Does not support floating point We ve also expanded the library 120 func tions the users manual and compile time switches including multiple non fata
13. 1771 Junction Ave San Jose CA 95112 408 295 7171 Shipping charged on all orders Minimum order 15 00 Please call on all orders as items are limited to quantities on hand Prices subject to change without notice OPEN ACCOUNTS NO FOREIGN ORDERS PLEASE Hours 10 00 am 5 00 pm MON FRI SHUGART SA604 HARD DRIVES At last here is a chance to purchase a hard disk for your system at an affordable price We recently participated in a buyout of Shugart s finished goods inventory of these drives Brand new in the original factory packing and guaranteed by us for 90 days These 5 megabyte drives are considered by some to be the most reliable in the industry These units directly replace a ST506 or similar drive When installing your system s first hard drive a hard disk controller card and appropriate software are re quired For an IBM PC with a 50 or 60W power supply you will need a 130W supply Performance Specifications Formatted 33 sectors track Cylinders Per Drive 5 40 Mbytes Tracks Per Surface 1 35 Mbytes R W Heads Per Track 8 45 kbytes Disks Per Sector 256 bytes Index Transfer Rate 5 0 Mbits sec Access Time Track to Track 16 2 msec Average 99 msec Maximum 215 msec Average Latency 8 33 mesec Start Up Time 12 sec Lambda LXS D 5 OV 5V 27 5A 75 x7 x9 22 Ibs 60 00 Sorenson SSD9 50 9V 250A swticher 7A x5 5 x124 13165 175 00 Standard Power 200 B 12 12V 95A unregulated 4
14. Alaska Hawaii 800 824 7919 Ask for Operator 409 Technical questions call 818 716 1655 For more information a free brochure including sample printouts and reviews or to order contact 22458 Ventura Bivd Suite E Woodland Hills CA 91364 formerly DG SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES IN C All programs also available for OSBORNE and DEC RAINBOW computers Dealer inquiries invited Kaypro Column By Dave Thompson William Fankboner stirred up a good deal of controversy with his letter in Is sue 21 A number of folks suggested that if he didn t like our documentation then he should do something about it Well he did Very nicely I might add Figure 1 is a copy of the illustration that he drew to show the II to 4 modifications We have put it in the latest Pro 8 manual and we are publishing it here Is It A II 83 Before you start digging into your board make sure your Kaypro 83 is really a at heart Remove the top from your Kaypro and look closely at the board There will be two 20 pin ICs with paper stuck on top The one nearest the front of the computer will be marked 81 149 or 81 232 81 149 means you have all board 81 232 means you have a 4 board If you have neither then you have an 84 board If you have a 4 83 board you don t need to modify or purchase anything to use two 390K drives double sided dou ble density Just get a formatter from someone who has a 4 83 and you are on you
15. BB I BB II and XEROX 820 USERS DISKS The following are full 8 disks of software Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source USERS DISK 1 1 T wo fast disk copiers 4 Two disk formatters 2 The manual for Small C 5 Modem 7 3 Crowe 280 Assembler 6 Othello 7 Serial print routine Port USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy programs both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 un WordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK 4 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMEPX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 780 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080 assem bly la
16. CCPStart BdosStart 800 E200 xx00H EOOH Write BIOS Starting Address BDOS DisplayHex BiosStart Write M J BDOS Starting Address DisplayHex BdosStart Write M J CCP Starting Address s 820 reset switch 820 composite video adapter Generates true RS 170 compatible video for your 820 Outputs to RCA phono jack and plugs directly onto the 820 video connector Assembled and tested 820 video cable 10 pin AMP to CRT edge card w power conn amp provisions for brightness pot 820 8 disk cable 37 pin D to dual 50 pin edge card 820 5 25 disk cable w power conn 820 9 pin power connector w pins 820 9 pin PC mount power connector 8 disk DC power connector w pins 8 disk AC power connector w pins 5 25 disk DC power connector w pins 820 connector plate w mtg hardware 820 C size schematics set of 6 very legible 820 CBIOS source ROM source BOOT and formatter all in source code M80 compatible conditional assembly flags for 8 or 5 25 disk 8 SSSD 820 compatible keyboard w cable for 820 complete w schematics amp source code for the encoder ROM 256 K RAM expansion kit for the 820 1 or the BIGBOARD 1 Complete with schematics theory of operation RAM DISK software installation and test instructions Clean instal lation with no cables or jumpers Good beyond 5 Mhz KIT W O RAM KIT WITH RAM J B FERGUSON 817 640 0207
17. HSC 68000 Co Processor DynaDisk for the BBII Serial Printer on BBI Sans S10 Cheap amp Dirty Talker for KayPro Extended 8 Single Density 72 pages ISSUE NO 21 12 84 Analog to Digital Interface Communication Between High Level and Assembly Language Installing Turbo Pascal Low Intensity BBI Video Turbo Pascal The Early Days 80 pages ISSUE NO 22 2 85 Converting a Xerox 820 II to a KayPro 8 S 100 Expansion for Single Board Z80 Systems Sound Generator for the STD BUS Reviews of 256K RAM Expansion Boards In the Public Domain 88 pages ISSUE NO 23 4 85 Automatic Disk Relogging With CP M 2 2 Interrupt Driven Serial Print Driver Low Cost EPROM Eraser Smart Video Controller Review MicroSphere RAM Disk Future Tense begins 88 pages a ADVERTISER S INDEX Ackerman Digital 8 Adevco 41 82 Arkon Engineering 47 BD Software 15 BV Engineering 81 Barnes Research n secessit Computer Helper industries The Data 63 Davidge 54 Digital 14 Earth Computers 8 Echelon Inc 31 EcoSOft
18. L5 cr ddt s response The first line of the response will be a MP 0600 or a MP 0800 The JMP D600 means that you have a low minus version and the MP 0800 means that it s a normal version When you order your Pro 884 Max be sure to specify whether you want the normal Max or the minus Max Other wise we ll just guess that you need the normal Max On Your Own By Hampton Miller Editor s note The following is excerpted from the Your Own session at SOG III Hampton Miller led off by discussing the reasons he was working through a broker rather than directly for the client and how he was going to be publishing and promoting his book Of course the SOG is not an official event it s only semi official so members of the audience were free to pitch in with their own ideas and experi ences which of course they did It was a very enlightening session played to a standing room on ly crowd Here s Hampton s story followed by comments from the audience If you re interested in what Hampton is doing this year attend his session at SOG IV When I first arrived in California I was really hurting for work so I tied in with a broker I limited myself a lot when I specified I wouldn t do anything relat ed to the military but the broker found a place that was doing some interesting communications projects so I went to work Plus 30 Percent A broker collects his fee from the cli ent not from the en
19. Other Considerations The market is swamped with inexpen sive disk drives you can use with this system Eight inch single sided drives are selling for less than 100 and dou ble sided for about 200 of the five inch drive types go for around 100 Stay away from Remex and Tandon 100 4 drives You can pick up a switching power supply for less than 50 but make sure you know the power requirements of your drives before you buy the power supply Tandon 848 drives require more 24 than other eight inch drives If you are a novice at putting together disk drive subsystems you might want to purchase an enclosure with the power supply and cables included Micro Cornucopia cannot possibly support the large number of different double density formats According to Brian Garrison of Emerald Microware Micro Solutions is working on a version of their UNIFORM program to support some other eight inch formats but it is not yet available In the meantime if you are transfer ring software between different eight inch computers go to IBM 3740 single density format After all that s the rea son for having a standard format DriveLiner Check Floppy Drive Alignment No tools or interfacing needed SSSD Runs on All CP M 22 or 3 1 8 Systems Digital Diagnostic Disk Included 65 Check or MO Ppd Other formats special order Chandler Software 273 West Shore Dr Marblehead MA 01945 617 631 4685 TM Digital Research Inc
20. QUANTITY PURCHASES Buy five of one item at one time and get one free Buy ten get two free etc Send check or money order to Box 5246 Bend Oregon L A Software CA residents add sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 just wants to work fast then it s time you programmed with the BDS C Compiler BDS C is designed for CP M 80 and provides users with quick clean software development with emphasis on systems programming BDS C features include I recommend both the language and the implementation by BDS very highly Tim Pugh Jr in Infoworld Performance Excellent Documentation Excellent Ultra fast compilation linkage and execution that produce directly executable 8080 Z80 CP M command files A comprehensive debugger that traces program execution and interactively displays both local and external variables by name and proper type Dynamic overlays that allow for run time segmentation of programs too large to fit into memory A 120 function library written in both C and assembly language with full source code Plus e A thorough easy to read 181 page user s manual complete with tutorials hints error messages and an easy to use index it s the perfect manual for the beginner and the seasoned professional An attractive selection of sample programs including M
21. disassembler DISK 86 5 amp 6 FIG Forth Disks 5 and 6 are a complete two disk set of FIG Forth 83 F83 CMD The standard Fig Forth 83 META86 CMD The Forth compiler More ROMS Fast monitor ROMs for speed freaks and our famous better than Texas character ROM V2 3 for screen freaks Fast Monitor ROM 1 BB II DRIVE INTERFACE For 514 and 8 Drives Andy Bakkers is making this special software package available through Micro C Complete source HEX amp documentation files on an 8 SS SD disk Also outlines on disk the hardware changes needed 29 95 Micro Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 503 382 8048 9 5 Pacific Time Monday Friday Adding 8 SSSD Drive To Morrow MD 2 By Mark Sihlanick As popular as the smaller disk drives are becoming eight inchers still reign at least in the CP M world I m a satisfied owner of a Morrow Micro Decision MD 2 with 5 drives but I couldn t stand the thought of being locked out of all that public domain software on 8 disks SoI modified my MD 2 to allow the addition of a single density 8 drive as drive C Types Of MD 2s s There are two revisions of MD 2s While the following modification should work on either it has been verified only on Revision 1 Significant changes in board layout and circuitry will make my instructions incorrect for REV 2 boards To help you tell which machine you have the Revision 1 board has an expan s
22. full 77 8086 RM Fortran large arrays MSDOS Greenleaf Library plus free Greenleaf PCTalk in 200 functions fast for MWC C86 Lat or Recent Discovery FASTER C Lattice users eliminate Link Step Normal 27 seconds FASTER C in 13 secs MSDOS 95 OUR ALAS ae uncon PRICE IQ LISP full 1000K RAM PCDOS call INSIGHT 1 Expert Sys decent PCDOS 95 TLC LISP with classes nice MSDOS 250 MicroProlog by Logic Prog Assem MSDOS 275 PROLOG 86 standard Learn fast MSDOS 125 EXSYS Expert System thorough PCDOS 295 SUPPORT PRODUCTS LIBRARIES BTRIEVE ISAM MSDOS 215 Cindex ISAM source no royalt 8086 375 CSHARP Realtime source full MSDOS 600 by Essential MSDOS 139 DATABURST Screens C BAS MSDOS 215 GraphiC 4200 x 3100 source MSDOS 250 Greenleaf Communications MSDOS 140 HALO Graphics fast full PCDOS 145 TOOLS CODESMITH debug visual PCDOS 139 Polylibrarian thorough MSDOS 89 PolyMAKE manage compiles PCDOS 89 Profiler 86 easy to setup symbols MSDOS 125 SCIL Source librarian MSDOS 349 Note All prices subject to change without notice Call for a catalog and solid value 800 421 8006 THE PROGRAMMER S 128 Rockland Street Hanover MA 02339 CWare PCDOS 159 Visa Mass 800 442 8070 or 617 826 7531 MasterCard Mention this ad Some prices are specials All formats available Ask about POs COD Colonial Data SB 80 The
23. 25 is the token or substitution On this level a macro isn t much different from a con stant definition except both name and token are character strings Argumentative Macros It s harder to write a macro processor thatallows arguments Neither the Code Works Q C Small C nor Software Toolworks C 80 supports parameter ized defines Aztec C does But since all three of these compilers provide com piler source code you could expand them to allow arguments Here s the form define indentifier indentifier indentifier token string But beware Parameterized defines are tricky When the compiler sees a macro call it places the name and definition or trans lation into an evaluation area This area looks like a stack All arguments to the macro are also placed in this area unless the argument is itself a macro This is a nested macro note that macros rarely nest in captivity When the compiler sees a nested mac ro it creates a new stack and the inner new macro is evaluated completely Its output is then placed on the original stack and work is resumed on the outer macro The outer macro never sees the inner one just its translation Of course the inner macro may have called other macros This process of calling oneselfis called recursion Conditional Macroing A third level of macro processing al lows conditional defines of the form ifdef indentifier else optional e e endif A
24. 8 5 x 13 75 expansion board for on the bus memory and I O at 2 5 or 4 MHz BANK SWITCHED MEMORY Add 4 rows of 64K or 256K dynamic RAMs 32K four 8K x 8 EPROMs or CMOS battery backed static RAMs FAST HOLE memory mapping High performance delay line memory timing VO PORTS 1 SIO 1 CTC 2 MM58167 real time clock ADC0808 8 bit 8 channel ADC two DACO800 8 bit DACs AY 3 8910 sound chip EASY TO BUILD AND INSTALL Easy to get parts Complete documentation full schematics are included Piggyback or side by side mounting no modifications needed for BB I or 820 installation Versatile connection scheme allows for further expansion SOFTWARE INCLUDED RAMdisk software 250K and 436K RAMdisks for SWP DD amp standard CP M also patches in the real time clock Utility programs included OPTIONAL SOFTWARE 1 Upgraded RAMdisk driver supporting 244K through 1000K drives with built in ZCPR 1 1 and keyboard translator that uses static RAMs for alternate character or string storage RAMdisk is drive A Uses SWP DD or standard CP M 2 Public domain computer music play compose program uses DAC for output great sound quality and fun to use Includes printed installation guide Bare daughter and main boards silk screened and solder masked full documentation 8 SSSD software disk 99 95 Delay line required for RAMdisk 16 95 New RAMdisk software with ZCPR keyboard translator 24 95 Computer music program program songs 2 di
25. ATTRIBUTE BOARD adds badly needed REVERSE VIDEO REDUCED INTENSITY e BLINKING REVERSE SCREEN and SCREEN TO PRINTER DUMP The new GR 1 Graphics Upgrade adds Zenith 2 49 CELL SCREEN GRAPHICS and SCREEN DUMP CHARACTER TRANSLATION Both install in minutes with no component desoldering and are compatible with the Kaypro existing hardware and software n With the AT 1 installed the video control codes are compatible with those of the Kaypro 2 3 and 10 models the popular Televideo 925 terminal and the IBM PC Co Power 88 A patch program is also provided to automatically upgrade the standard software that comes with the Kaypro to use these new attributes The AT 1 comes ready to install complete with connectors programs upgrade the operating system derno test and configuration programs plus a detailed instruction booklet The AT 1 and GR 1 package is only 179 95 The AT 1 alone is 149 95 and the GR 1 alone only 49 95 California residents add appropriate sales tax Order yours today DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED JEN Industries 361 North Fuller Avenue Los Angeles California 90036 213 939 4105 40 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Kaypro LISTST BIOS and Pro8 Disk Patch KPATCH ASM The Kaypro IV has a bug in the BIOS function 14 LISTST This bug causes the print buffer function in MDM7nn not to work PATCH IS PUT AT THE END OF THE CCP IF A TRANSIENT PROGRAM
26. Ability to plot floating point data obtained from most spreadsheets word processors or languages Extensive 60 page illustrated User s Manual includes examples showing how to do graphics from SuperCalc dBASE II MBASIC and Turbo Pascal THEORY vs EXPERIMENT Theory O Experiment 300 9 bsna EL Lat kad 209 0 666 67 1090 8 time seconds System Requirements Any Z80 computer running 60k CP M and driving an Epson Gemini or C Itoh dot matrix printer MSC CN 5279 Suite 228 Microcomputer Systems Consuitants 301 North Harrison Street Princeton New Jersey 08540 Terms Send check or money order for 29 95 5 00 s h to MSC at the address above You MUST state your computer and printer make and model NJ residents add 6 tax Te follow pie sae ieee ered trademarks of ti Sesearch ane SuperCale Sorcim Tate Pascal Internationa ino Zilog Kaypro Kaypro Corporat Greywolf MARKETING NEW Computers with WORDSTAR MAILMERGE SPELLSTAR CALCSTAR INFOSTAR BASIC MBC 1200 8 Bit Integrated Computer with High Resolution Display Two 2 80A CPUs and secondary with no wait mode and large 64KB RAM 4KB ROM memory capacity for fast execution High resolution 640 x 400 dot matrix display with full graphics functions Choice of 33 1 or 40 line text mode CP M operating system with editor assembler and all standard utilities Easy to
27. Cable Connection Examples for over 70 printers FastFacts Command Reference Quick access to commands for common programs Learn CP M Shortcuts Commands with examples Turn your Kaypro into an electronic typewriter with PIP Modify programs with DDT Understand the great Public Domain Software included on disk Catalog and Organize disks Time and Date stamp files without a clock Writers amp Disk Utilities Programmers Reference Software amp Hardware Interface points SLIPCASED KAYPRO COMPANION 3 BOOK AND DISK PACKAGE 35 00 PLUS WORDSTAR RECOVERY PROGRAM TO SAVE FILES WHEN DISK IS FULL OR WHEN OTHER SAVE PROBLEMS OCCUR WSFIX COM a 30 value f OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY 2990 ATLANTIC AVE Penfield NY 14526 716 377 0369 Master Card and Visa Accepted 3 00 Postage NY residents add local tax 48 Lines On A BBI By David Griesinger This mod is lots of fun and results ina computer which is wonderful for pro gramming The mod requires extensive hardware changes a bunch of software patches a reconfigurable editor I use PMATE and medium or high persist ence monitor an Amdec amber or any P39 green If your green monitor smears badly when you scroll it s P39 If it doesn t you ll need a different monitor Note P4 and P31 are the standard short persistence phosphors Background The idea for this modification began with some observations about my Am dec T
28. PLUGGED OPEN PLUGGED OPEN OPEN PLUGGED OPEN PLUGGED continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 51 8 DRIVES ON A MORROW continued from page 51 Software Modifications There are three areas of the MD 2 BI OS that must be patched the Disk Pa rameter Header DPH the Disk Param eter Block DPB and what Morrow calls the MTAB which contains the constants associated with the disk drive Plus you need to add a sector translation table XLT for 8 disk drives We will first lo cate the patch and add areas discuss the contents of the patch and finally make the changes and addition Finding The Patch Area Locations First make a new copy of the Morrow CPM distribution disk Follow all the steps outlined in the instructions but answer 3 when asked the number of drives to be used You must have DDT COM and SYSGEN COM on this disk Use this new disk for the rest of software modification Morrow sets aside a portion of the BI OS to be used for foreign drive transla tion tables as well as terminal configura tion space This is the area that Morrow supplied programs such as XER COM or OSB COM use Its posi tion varies depending also on how much patch area was required to set up the BI OS forthe particular terminal you are us ing It is easiest to find this area by snooping around with DDT Start looking at about FA80 and you should see something like Figure 3 The
29. SS is configured for a head step rate of 15ms which is too slow Any 8 drive in good shape will step reliably at 10 6 or even 3 ms I have seen cases where new 8 drives out of the box would not read at 6ms but after the lead screws were lubricated with Tri Flow I could change this time to 3ms and boot 99 percent of the time It would be wise however to keep a disk in the archives with the step rate left at 15ms just in case the drives get gum my and you can t boot All of my work ing disks have been at 3ms since I did the Tri Flow trick over a year ago Another tip the oilite bearings found in most drives should not be lubricated This is a porous metal which is im pregnated with oil during manufactur ing Adding oil will free the bearing for a short time but will cause the pores to clog and accelerate the wear of the bear ings The best way to remove dirt and gum from these bearings is with a clean dry lint free cloth If an oilite bearing is properly manu factured and more importantly stored correctly prior to drive assembly paper or other absorbant packaging materials will leach the oil from the bearing enough oil will remain after the bearing is cleaned Doug Felton 1215 Oxley Rd Columbus OH 43212 Arizona Kaypro Users Group As owner of a Kaypro dealership in Phoenix and sponsor of the Arizona Kaypro Users Group I wrote to tell you what tremendous success I ve had with the mods and upgrades
30. Sale Includes 8MHz 80186 256Kb memory with parity floppy disk controller I O ports two serial one parallel concurrent CP M 86 and MS DOS all manuals Brand new 750 or best offer Dan Blu menfeld 3900 Chestnut Street 803 Philadelphia PA 19104 215 898 1956 New 5 25 Half Height Disk Drives TEC FB 501 SSDD with documentation 89 00 each 2 Drives in cabinet with power supply and connectors 225 00 Shugart SA 800 2 Disk Drives reconditioned 60 day warranty with documentation 79 00 LDL Electron ics 1 305 747 7384 BBI 5MHz All Options 2 Shugart Drives Power 1 switching P S Odd Ball Electronics cabinet with fan keyboard user disks Pascal Forth Very reliable system 500 Okidata 82A printer 310 Kevin Tyrrell 1221 Colorado SE Grand Rapids MI 49506 616 241 1902 For Sale Slicer computer Assembled complete less 80186 amp RAMS ROMS source disk and docu mentation 450 or best offer BBI computer system Assembled 2 5 MHz system and disk power sup plies enclosure fan power line filter 2 Shugart 8 inch drives disk cables source disk Big Board CP M JRT Pascal user disks Nos 1 2 7 8 20 B10 B15 B17 18 9 and blank diskettes All documentation System needs slight work 650 or best offer plus shipping Xerox Computer Assembled and com plete untested 300 or best offer Slicer and Xerox systems prices include shipping Miscellaneous chips and boards for sale write
31. amp TM Dysan Corporation Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 PROGRAMMER 4 lt s n M 27S 75 ee etti DS gt cte O A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING Reads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t damage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detailed owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock NOTICE TO PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS Send us your old disk and a suitable S A S E for your free copy of our new software ver 1 6 PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 1
32. as well dig in and go to it A word of cau tion believe everything you have ever heard about static zapping expensive electronic parts and exercise caution when making these modifications Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 MD 2 Disassembly 1 Turn off the computer and remove the power cord and any RS 232 cables that may be connected 2 Remove the four screws that hold the cover to the chassis 3 Remove the four screws from the rear panel that hold the AC cord pan and remove the cord pan 4 Carefully remove the three screws that hold in each disk drive I do this by dangling the computer over the edge of the desk and carefully backing the screws out from the bottom 5 As each drive is unscrewed discon nect the DC power cable from the jack near the power supply 6 Disconnect the ribbon connector from the back of the drive and carefully lift out the drive 7 Gently unglue the disk drive ribbon cable from the PC board disconnect it from the main board and put it aside 8 Do not worry about keeping the A and the B drives separate since they are strapped identically and can be inter changed 9 Disconnect the main power cable from the PC board 10 You now have gone too far to back out so stand the unit on end and remove the four screws that secure the PC board to the chassis 11 Remember every warning you have ever read about static Daughter Board I chose to mount
33. e Transients with SPP ASCII and Binary Files DONAR 5955 Fast Machine Code e Screen Graphics e Compatible Data Files lt e Pixel Resolution e Calculates Component Power e Epson Printer VISA MASTERCARD e 30 Nodes 200 Components Engineering Professional Software 2200 Business Way Suite 207 Riverside 92501 USA 69 95 49 95 714 781 0252 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 81 fic FOR THE BEST OF US fic IL THECVPHER 1 A COMPLETE 68000 amp Z80A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH ULTRA HIGH RES GRAPHICS FREE 68000 FORTH AND CYPHER DOS CPM 80 COMPATIBLE AND 68000 BASIC MEE 68000 amp 280 DUAL PROCESSORS BEST OF BOTH WORLDS OPTIONAL 280 256K to 1 MEGABYTE MEMORY 4164 OR 41256 DRAM DOUBLE DENSITY FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER 8 5 OR 34 WD 2793 DMA CONTROLLER FOR FAST IMAGE TRANSFERS TO FROM VIDEO MEMORY INT 8237 2 RS232 SERIAL PORTS ZSIO 24 BIT ADDRESS MANAGEMENT FOR Z80 4 LAYER P C B 94 x 14 RUNS CP M 80 2 2 CP M 80 3 0 CP M 68K CYPHER DOS RAM DISK 68000 BASIC IN ROM NEC 7220 TERMINAL EMULATION js REE sto id s CYPHER DOS CPM 80 COMPATIBLE AND Bi 68000 BASIC ULTRA HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS 128K PRO GRAMMABLE UP TO 1024 x 1024 RESOLUTION NEC 7220 GREAT FOR CAD SYSTEMS REAL TIME CLOCK MULTITASKING CAPABILITY TNOCHANNELS OF D AAND A D
34. had the most trouble translating from 16 bit MS DOS Turbo to 8 bit Turbo Once the program compiles correctly it MIGHT run correctly If not you ll have to look for the subtle differences noted above Example for Turbo Pascal input from a TEXT file looks ahead at the following character to determine EOF and EOLN Some other compilers do not The final step in translation is option al After the program is running correct ly it can be optimized for your compiler Procedures can often be replaced with built ins not available in the source Pascal Using them can save code and in crease efficiency By this time you may be wondering if it s easier to just start from scratch and write your own code In some cases it is but often the algorithms and logic in the source program are a real help Communications My current project at work involves a custom micro based on the Intel 8052 To debug the hardware it was cheaper for us to use the version of the chip which has BASIC in the mask ROM 8052 AH BASIC since the interpreter has all the facilities needed to directly access mem ory It uses memory mapped I O To use the BASIC interpreter all you need in addition to program RAM for the 8052 is a serial terminal An alternative to a dedicated terminal is another computer running a terminal emulator program I first brought up the board using a communication program running on a Kaypro 4 As testing became mo
35. sample array x 0 END Richard Levine 3105 Meadow Grove Dr San Diego CA 92110 Packet Power Maybe you already know this but the 820 is becoming the standard for packet radio mailbox systems WORLI has writ ten an excellent package that includes among other things automatic forward ing of mail to other mailboxes based ona table of users for each mailbox There s also an add on HDLC chip board to al low using it for a TNC In our area the packet users have grabbed about 20 of them for various types of experiments Fun stuff Jon Pearce WBB2MNF 109 Pine Cone Trail Medford NJ 08055 U S Robotics Modems OK While leafing through your Kaypro Users Catalog I noticed on page 11 there is a statement written about the U S Ro botics modems being unreliable for dial ing from preloaded directory files I have two U S Robotics modems an AUTODIAL 212A and a PASSWORD and in the past six months I have not perienced any difficulties in dialing from the phone directories of TELPAC MDM712 KM300 KM1200 NDM730 PHONE 001 etc This is true for the Kaypro 2 83 and Kaypro 2X George J Parker P O Box 14911 Surfside SC 29587 4911 iE 190 o t C ing Into Turbo Pascal By Ron Miller Likea great number of hackers I am convinced that for really getting down to manipulating the system C is the only way to fly Not only does C offer the means to at tack a problem at the byte level but C sy
36. the 6845 video controller or pin compatible 6545 is very smart It knows how to automatically increment the video RAM address so the processor can dump characters into video RAM just as fast as it can output them So why didn t Kaypro take advantage of this fea ture Bad timing Some video controllers work just fine in this auto increment mode Others get out of step seem to lose track of what the processor is doing and characters start showing up in strange places It s this timing problem that Kaypro was trying to avoid when they wrote the very slow video code Remember the slow disk write code on the old 83 and 4 83 That was another example of a hardware timing problem that they tried to solve by slowing down the software They fixed the hardware with the modification to U87 see issue 11 but the only way to get around the slow code is with a Pro Monitor Anyway there is still a video timing problem on the 84 boards which makes the choice of video controller very im portant On the Pro 884 Max ROM we give you a choice of fast or slow video If your controller and processor work well together then you can use the fast video the system acts like it s running 10 If not then you use the slow You ll see garbage on the screen if fast doesn t work though the file you are ed iting will be clean With all this in mind you ll under stand why I was excited when Chuck Weingart called to say he had
37. with some difficulty with the 48 line display especially if you patch the SWP software to overlay the old monitor when you boot The old monitor must go in socket 068 Sockets U67 and 069 are not useful after the changes to U84 070 P21L U68P21L U83P2 monitor ROM 2 if used U83 P2 U68P21L UTOP21L addresses for ROMS and video memory P6 U35P6 084 PIL This re maps the memory space P10 U104P12L U104 P12L U84P10 Figure 3 Patching the SWP Monitor Do ddsysgen to get the image in RAM Now use DDT to change 28b9 Of 1f f2b9 a little insurance 28bb 30 20 299 30 20 29a0 30 20 29 3 06 18 21 128 29 9 1T 2f LD A 23 29e0 30 20 29e3 35 37 29eb 3c 38 29ee 30 20 29f5 31f 3f LFEED AND 1FH 2a16 1f 3f AND 2a65 18 30 24 2a69 18 30 add 24 2a6b 60 40 f46b Now use ddsysgen to restore on disk End of Listing Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 CP M 86 8 CP M 86 Disk 15 00 each DISK 86 1 Disk Utilities D CMD A86 SD CMD A86 XDIR CMD AB6 Three extended directory pro grams Each does it differently so we included all three FILE EXT CMD A86 Disk status program with good display format PAGE 86 A text paging program Dis plays 24 lines at a time PRINT CMD A86 File printing routine Puts a header at the top of each page along with page number and file name MUCHTEXT CMD A86 Counts words and lines in a text file ERQ CMD AB6 Selective file
38. 00 lt R gt 0111 E9 lt R gt 0112 lt gt G100 10F lt R gt THIS RUNS THE PROGRAM AND HALTS 010 10F Price includes manual 8 disk and user support 5 4 conversions available Contact your local dealer or buy direct and add shipping 4 50 UPS 10 Canada 25 overseas NY residents add sales tax Computer Helper Industries Inc P O Box 680 Parkchester Station NY 10462 Tel 212 652 1786 for information orders We re helping your computer work better for you UNIX AT amp T Bell Labs Digital Research ConIX Computer Helper Ind XX XX xx XX XX XX XX XX XX DUMP THE REGISTERS ADDR OF DPH IS IN HL The X lt R gt COZOMOEOI1 10 D F7CB H F76E S 0100 P 010F NOP C I X b TM NOW INSPECT THE DPH FOR C On 1 Volume I Utilities The ConIX Library is a collection of software designed exclusively for use with the Operating System Volume contains over 20 utilities written in the ConIX XCC Language such as e MKDIR RMDIR CD PWD LS Uses user areas to implement complete hierarchical directory structure using pathnames e D DSH Use pathname arguments with existing software e MKUSER CU PWU Similar to the above assigns a meaningful user supplied name to any user area number e CHMOD Change file mode settings and attribute bits e DEBUG Interactive Debugger
39. 2 Standard 3 Advanced 4 Expert Invisiclues 6MHZ 780 Support Chips Z80B SIO O RF Modulator for Color Board and TV operation MicroSphere s Composite video generators allow connection of aSTANDARD external monitor to the Kaypro Computer Custom monitors or modifications are not required Composite video generator Kaypro II and 4 Kaypro 2 84 4 84 2X and 10 NE Ew IBM TTL Compatible Monitor Adapter Kaypro 2 84 4 84 10 and 2X 49 95 Zenith Monitors ZVM 122 Composite Amber ZVM 123 Composite Green ZVM 124 IBM TTL Amber ZVM 135 Composite Color RGB Green 500 00 MicroSphere Inc P O Box 1221 Bend Oregon 97709 503 388 1194 9 5 Pacific Time Dealer inquiries invited THE COLUMN continued from page 33 tricity If you shuffle across the rug and touch any part of the K16 keyboard cabinet printer cable the screen image disappears Kaypro purchased a static zapper and installed it at the end of the assembly line Now that they re zapping all as sembled units it should stem the flow of defective ones If you have the problem as Micro Sphere did Kaypro will send you a new video board That swap didn t totally cure MicroSphere s K16 but it made the unit a lot less sensitive to static and the screen doesn t go away nearly as often Kaypro 2000 Just when you thought that Kaypro had released all their new systems they surprise you with another actually this is on
40. 2488 Please pay with US Money Order 31 Create graphics masterpieces with Rembrand Complete Business Graphics Toolkit NEED GRAPHICS You don t need a new computer You need REMBRANDT The software package that unleashes all the graphics power built into your Kaypro Computer Until now accessing Kaypro graphics required advanced programming efforts Now the REMBRANDT Business Graphics Toolkit gives you three easy to use tools that allow even the most inexperienced user to quickly master Kaypro graphics KGRAPH enables quick and easy creation of business is the full screen graphics editor for your graphics including horizontal and vertical bar charts pie Kaypro computer Create graphic screens save and recall charts and xy plots scatter graphs KGRAPH uses hand them to and from disk Layout forms design logos draw entered data or reads numerical data from just about any pictures It S easy and fun to use source including dBase Il spreadsheet Mbasic and Wordstar files BRIEF produces electronic on screen slide shows with absolutely no programming required KGRAPH and KBOARD files are easily sequenced using nine special effects REMBRANDT is complete with printer routines so graphics can be reproduced on virtually every dot matrix or daisy wheel printer REMBRANDT the Complete Business Graphics Toolkit costs just 79 95 A demonstration disk is just 5 00 applicable to the purchase pri
41. 4 MHz Z80 A CPU and Peripheral Chips Interface Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy disk The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz Its Monitor code is lean uses Mode 2 drive Auser simply 1 runs a fifty conductor ribbon cable from a header on the board to interrupts and makes good use of the Z80 A DMA chip a Xebec controller that costs only 295 and implements the controller portion of the SASI interface 2 cables the controller to a Seagate Technology ST 506 hard disk or 64K Dynamic RAM 4K Static CRT RAM one compatible with it and 3 provides power for the controller card and drive Since our CBlOS contains code for communicating with hard disks that s all a user has to do 24K E E PROM or Static RAM to add a Winchester to a system Big Board li has three memory banks The first memory bank has eight 4164 DRAMs t that provide 60K of user space and 4K of monitor space The second memory bank has Two Synchronous Asynchronous Serial Ports two2Kx8 SRAMs for the memory mapped CRT display and space for six 2732As 2Kx8 With a Z80 A SIO O and a Z80 A CTC as a baud rate generator the new Ferguson static RAMs or pin compatible EEPROMS The third memory bank is for RAM or ROM computer has two full RS232 C ports It autobauds on both added to the board via the STD bus Whether bought as a bare board an unkit or assembled and tested it comes with a 2732 EPROM containing Russell Smith s superb A Parallel K
42. 8 MHz speed e Two serial parts RS 232 e 4 kilobyte with monitor e Memory Management 16 Megabytes e Interrupt Handler e S 100 bus Price 1100 including manual and CP M 2 2 Concurrent CP M 86 CP M 86 CP M 2 2 and MP M II are trademarks of Digital Research Inc PC DOS is a trademark of IBM TARBELL ELECTRONICS 1082 E Artesia Blvd SuiteC Long Beach 90805 213 422 7081 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Trap THE 5 100 BUS Address Switches continued from page 9 able to perform multiple jobs at the same time even in a home computer If you have an S 100 machine and want to ex pand your computing power without taking out a new mortgage look into multi processing Next Time In the next 56 100 Bus we ll continue examining multi processing and look at some alternatives to it that can run in an S 100 IEEE 696 environment including some ways to simultaneously run differ ent types of processors in the same S 100 box I look forward to reader mail with questions suggestions hints and tips about the S 100 Bus BMON Software In Circuit Emulator Links your CP M computer with any Z80 based computer or controller that you may develop All that is needed is BMON 12K of ROM space anda handshakeable bi directable port either RS232 or Parallel Features Full program development debugger with Breakpoints Snaps Stops amp Waits
43. 89 ISE ISIS Emulator for CP M 89 MSDOS TM 1515 TM Intel Corp De Wester n Wear 5 303 327 4898 e Norwood 81423 macro assemblers MAC amp RMAC 7 80 Linker and Library Manager for Microsoft compatible REL files available as a total package with Macro Assembler for only 95 00 plus shipping e Generates Ditigal Research compatible SYM files e Full Zilog mnemonics e INCLUDE and MACLIB files e Conditional assembly e Manual only is 15 DDTing Inverse Video I really like the new 3 3 version of WordStar that came with my new 84 Kaypro 2 but the inverse video menus don t work on my older non graphic Kaypro4 Anyone who doesn t want the inverse video may be interested in how to turn it off using DDT Here s how the session should go A gt DDT WS COM DDT VERS 2 2 NEXT PC 4600 0100 267 26D 0267 06 1B 42 30 1B 42 31 5267 0267 06 00 0268 1B GO WARM BOOT BO B1 gt TO WS COM The sequence of bytes at address 0267 says to send 6 bytes Esc BO Esc B1 to the screen turning the inverse video on in the graphics Kaypro Changing the 06 to 00 tells it to send zero bytes No more inverse video Michael Snyder 1010 Grayson Berkeley CA 94710 Resetting BBI s Reset I know it s only a minor nuisance but some of us BBI owners have to to hit RE SET every time we turn on our comput ers it takes to correct this is to extend the autom
44. Better Board Gets BETTER For the past 4 years Colonial Data has been supplying thousands of its original SB80 Better Board computers to the O E M market Now the Better Board is even BETTER with the introduction of the SB80 II More Standard Features at a NEW LOWER PRICE 4MHz Z80A CPU WITH NO WAIT STATES Enhanced BIOS uses mode 2 interrupts 64K MEMORY STANDARD EXPAND TO 128K Parity checked RAM utilizes 4164 Up to 8K of EPROM 4K is standard Accepts Pin compatible EPROMS from 2716 thru 2764 NUMEROUS FLOPPY DISK STORAGE OPTIONS Uses the advanced 765 controller chip Supports 8 and 5 drives simultaneously Automatic Density Selection Single Double Quad 4 SERIAL PORTS 2 STANDARD Software selectable baud rates to 19 200 Uses Z80 SIO O and SMC 8116 baud rate generator SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS ADDITIONAL 2 SERIAL PORT INSTALLED ADDITIONAL 64K MEMORY INSTALLED SASI INTERFACE OPTION INSTALLED XEBEC HARD DISK CONTROLLER CP M 2 2 OPERATING SYS W MANUAL CP M 3 0 OPERATING SYS W MANUAL PRICE 60 00 60 00 35 00 290 00 75 00 275 00 HOW TO ORDER Call or Write Colonial Data Orders paid with bank card or cashiers check are shipped within working days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks Shipping Add 5 00 for UPS Shipping Brown Within the United States Standard Features Include 4MHz Z80A Processor 64K Memory Expands to 128K Supp
45. Bus By Dave Hardy One of the most frustrating things that can happen to a small computer is the notorious dead box problem If you own or use any kind of machine it has probably happened to you What Is A Dead Box Dead is a composite term kind of a cross between dead machine and black box and is a perfect descrip tion of what can happen to a computer that has no or very little self diagnostic ability A good example of this is a ma chine that auto boots from a floppy disk and simply gives you a blank screen if it is unable to read the disk I usually solve these problems with a smallaxe or short handled sledge How ever if you would like to confront your dead box problems in a more construc tive manner the following circuits may come in handy Many of the older S 100 machines have LEDs on their front panels so you can monitor examine and modify the machine s memory In the days before floppy disks the purpose of these front panels was to help you bring up the ma chine But the front panel indicators are also a valuable debugging tool By watching the lights you can tell more or less what s going on in the machine Normally these flashing lights on the front panel of an 5 100 machine are al most useless Unless your machine has features like a run stop switch an exam ine circuit and a few other things all the lights can do is indicate some kind of bus activity But if your machine
46. C Programmers ave time With the BDS C Compiler Compile link and execute faster than you ever thought possible If you re a C language Reviewers everywhere have programmer whose patience is praised BDS C for its elegant wearing thin who wants to spend operation and optimal use of your valuable time programming CP M resources Above all BDS C instead of twiddling your thumbs has been hailed for its remarkable waiting for slow compilers who speed m dynaDisk makes yourspelling checker assembler or compiler programs run 35 300 percent faster m dynaDisk is a 256k ram board that uses 5V at and plugs into BB1 s parallel interface J5 It comes with auto patching soft ware that makes it look like an 8 SS SD disk drive to CP M It uses 4164 ram chips regular TTL and transfers data 8 10 times faster than a regular floppy See Micro 9 for a description and MC 11 for a review of dynaDisk For 69 You Get 8 by 6 bare PC board Software on 8 SS SD floppy SOURCE INCLUDED Assembly amp Operation Manual Bare Board Only 39 820 OWNERS 820 1 OWNERS m Your hardware will work with minor modifications Software patches are included in the man ual for 820 1 owners See MC 17 for info on adapting Dyna to the Xerox 820 ALL ORDERS Please add 5 00 for postage and handling All orders shipped first class Satisfaction guaranteed Please no or plastic money
47. Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Figure 3 Finding Terminal Configuration Data A DDT XR DDT VERS 2 2 DFA80 R FA80 OA 45 78 63 68 61 6E 67 65 20 64 69 73 6B 65 74 Exchange disket FA90 74 65 73 20 61 6E 64 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 5B 52 tes and press R FAAO 45 54 55 52 5D 00 FF 1B 3D FF 00 00 00 FF 00 ETURN z FABO 00 00 00 00 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 00 01 02 03 0 05 06 07 08 19 1B 1C 1D e eere FADO IE F 20 09 oB oG OD OF OF 10 21 22 23 2 E LE FAEO 26 27 28 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 FEI1A 00 2 59 amp FAFO FC FA FF FA 02 FB 05 FB 1B 2 FF 1 T tes FBOO 59 54 FF 1B 2A FF FF BEIOO 00 00 Q0 00 00 FB10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO FB30 gO 00 00 00 00 AD 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 ConlX NOW ONLY 79 95 If you think you re missing out on innovative software developments because nobody is writing for 80 take look at us We ve adapted UNIX features to CP M like never before and with the kind of professional quality controlled product that you deserve That product is none other than the critically acclaimed ConIX Operating System can oo any 48K4 CP M 80 or compatible system with Redirection and Pipes uses memory or disk perfect
48. DOS by Microsoft Corporation MasterCard Visa Check Money Order or C O D Allow four weeks for delivery Prices subject to change without notice SLICER Special April Prices Continued through June 30 Slicer Single Board Computer April Specials Assembled and Tested 8 Mhz 895 Full Kit PDT 715 Easy Kit NOU PIDE Om 400 Bare Board 125 DOS KIT includes Bare Board CPU and choice of MS DOS or CP M 86 The Slicer System Expansion Board April Specials Assembled and Tested 650 Full Kit 450 Slicer Enclosure System Memory Board Kit 300 3 Port Kit 200 Enclosure alone esas taps 125 with 135W Power Supply 245 Bare Board 75 with P S and two 80 track T h NS ria ze 695 ormatte eight Slicer 5 Hard Disk 700 PC Compatible Keyboard 150 Expansion Board PC Compatible Amber Monitor 175 Assembled and Tested 600 ii Full Kit so New NM MAMAS Super Enclosure System Not So Bare Board 200 Enclosure Power Supply 1 2 height 80 track floppy 10 MB formatted New 54 Hard Disk Western Digital Western Digital 1002 SHD
49. DSDD 1 212M XEROX 820 1 SSSD 5 1 4 W RONLY AUTOMATICALLY DETECTS DISK FORMATS TRUE DOUBLE SIDED OPERATION SYSGEN amp SOURCE FOR CBIOS INCLUDED X120 DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLER BOARD DESIGNED FOR USE WITH THE XEROX 820 1 CAN BE USED ON THE BBI USING THE WD2791 DISK CONTROLLER CHIP RUNS ANY COMBINATION OF 5 1 4 AND 8 DRIVES BOTH AT THE SAME TIME CAN USE ANY SHUGART COMPATIBLE DRIVE 50 AND 34 PIN SHUGART TYPE DRIVE INTERFACE CONNECTORS ON THE X120 BOARD CAN USE DRIVE CONNECTOR ON MAIN BOARD DRIVE SELECT LINES DECODED FOR FOUR DRIVES COMPOSITE VIDEO ADAPTOR ON X120 PLUGS INTO 1771 0109 AND U117 ON THE XEROX BOARD WITH SIMPLE MODIFICATIONS UNIFORM BY MICRO SOLUTIONS UNIVERSAL DISK COMPATIBILIBY PROGRAM RUNS ON THE MODIFIED XEROX 820 TO GIVE YOU ACCESS TO DISKS WRITTEN FOR OVER 70 OTHER COMPUTERS SUCH AS THE IBM PC MORROW OSBORNE AND MANY OTHERS PRICING XPRO ROM AND X120 BOARD A amp T XPRO ROM AND X120 BARE BOARD XPRO ROM SET X120 BARE BOARD X120 BOARD ASSEMBLED amp TESTED X120 BARE BOARD AND KIT XEROX DISK DRIVE CABLES UNIFORM BY MICRO SOLUTIONS ADD 3 00 FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING 6 00 FOR COD VISA MASTERCARD ADD 3 INCLUDES S amp H EMERRLD MICROWARE P O Box 6118 Aloha OR 97007 503 642 1860 J B FERGUSON INC 817 640 0207 OTRONA 8 16 8086 2co processor computer board Recently Otrona Advanced Systems Corp went bankrupt and we were ab
50. Domain Software Li braries I also kept myself occupied by writing a column in Byte magazine and writing a few books e g Interfacing To the S 100 IEEE 696 Bus published by Osborne McGraw Hill In late 1981 Ziff Davis which pub lished 60 magazines at the time bought out Creative Computing and as part of the deal acquired Microsystems maga zine Microsystems had a circulation of about 25 000 and was a small but presti gious book in an organization in which most magazines had circulations of well over 100 000 and as high as 600 000 Popular Electronics which changed names last year to Computers amp Elec tronics and which Z D also canceled this year Z D decided to invest in Microsystems to try and make it into another big sell We went monthly and our staff went from two people myself working part time and an assistant to ten people four of whom sold advertising We continued to grow in circulation and size From a 90 page issue published bi monthly we expanded to 180 pages monthly and reached a circulation of over 55 000 I was amazed that we reached this high a circulation After all Ever Wondered What Makes CP M Tick Source Code Generators can give you the answer by C C Software The darndest thing I ever did see if you re at all interested in what s going on in your system it s worth it Jerry Pournelle BYTE Sept 83
51. MAKES USE OF ALL OF THE CCP AREA THESE PATCHES MAY BE DESTROYED THIS 15 AT BEST we we ee wo data from a double sided drive Since the bug is in the BIOS the patch requires generating new version and placing it in the systen tracks of your disk To accosplish this take the 3 properly KLUDGE According to the DRI Alteration Guide this function is supposed to return a value of in register if the printer F9EE SPARE EQU BIOS 18 Hole for patch is available and 00 if it is busy The Kaypro BIOS which in turn calls the ROM does not return the zero in A but it does FIEE ORG SPARE return with the zero FLAG set This can be fixed by the BIOS F9EE CD6SFB PATCH CALL LISTST Call the ROM patch which follows FIFI CO RN 3 OK except when zero F9F2 AF XRA A Clear accuaulator FOFS C9 RET And return The disk patch forces the selection of the top surface of a disk FIF4 DBIC DSKPAT IN CH GET SYSTEM PORT whenever the drives are selected through bios call SELDSK This FOF6 ANI OFBH LOWER SIDE SELECT should fix the problem of a single sided drive a single sided F9FB D31C OUT CH RETURN TO SYSTEM PORT disk in a double sided drive hanging the systes when transferring FIFA C380FB JMP SELDSK CONTINUE WITH NORMAL DISK SELECT 3 j 1 8 85 Ray Rizzuto following steps FA00 8105 EQU 0 00 Beginning of BIOS vectors THESE 2 EQUA
52. P O BOX 300085 ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 25 00 10 00 TERMS MasterCard VISA add 3 money order cer tified check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks for personal or company checks to clear Ship ping handling extra Texas order add 5 125 tax Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 applies to the BIOS So how do we know where the CCP or BIOS actually start I thought you d never ask Warmus Booticus Vectoritis We have another jump vector at mem ory locations 0001 and 0002 This vector points to the warm boot routine in the BIOS Once again by taking the most significant byte of this vector the byte at address 0002 and multiplying it by 100H appending 00H we can determine where the BIOS starts The BIOS warm boot JUMP vector is rarely if ever changed by a program that may affect memory availability So we have two different approaches 1 Use the BDOS vector to determine TPA space 2 Usethe warm boot vectorto find the actual BDOS BIOS and Figure 6 illustrates the correct method of locating the various CP M working parts One final thought By running this program and comparing the values of TpaEnd and CcpStart you should be able to tell how much room in memory a Resident System Extension is using If an RSE is not present then TpaEnd and CcpStart should be the same Coming Attractions Next time we will do something prac tical with what we ve learned This will include some
53. SA800 2 DISK DRIVE CLEAN USED 65 00 SA850 DISK DRIVE CLEAN USED 149 00 STANDARD MOUNTING GUARANTEED 60 DAYS CABINET FOR ABOVE HOLDS TWO DRIVES POWER WIRING COMPLETEED FOR TWO SA800 TWO FANS AND INPUT AC WIRING DONE 20 X 9 1 2 X 17 DEEP 60 00 POWER SUPPLY FOR TWO DRIVES SWITCHING WILL POWER DRIVES AND SBC 6 X8 X 2 1 2 5VDC 8 8 AMPS 12VDC 12VDC 5VDC 5 AMPS EA AND 24VDC 2 AMPS 60 00 SHUGART DISK DRIVE PARTS SA800 HEAD 15 00 SA800 STEPPER 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD WORKING 35 00 SA850 HEAD AND STEPPER ASSY BI OR TRI 60 00 SA850 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING BI OR TRI 30 00 SA850 LOGIC BRD WORKING BI OR TRI 70 00 SA800 OR SA850 SPINDLE BEARINGS SET 3 00 SA800 OR SA850 INDEX LED SET 3 00 OTHER PARTS ON REQUEST SA800 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 15 00 SA850 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 25 00 280A PARTS CPU SIO 1 1771 2716 2 00 DIABLO PRINT WHEELS COURIER 10 ELITE 12 COURIER 72 3 00 6 FOR 15 00 CASCADE ELECTRONICS ROUTE 1 BOX 8 FREE RANDOLPH MN 55065 SHIPPING 507 615 7997 ON OVER 40 00 COD ADD 2 CREDIT CARD ADD 5 MN ADD 6 LIMITED TO STOCK ON HAND EVENING CALL OK Eight Inch Drives On The Kaypro By Dana Cotant I ve received numerous requests for an eight inch adapter board for the Kay pro A couple of boards are already avail able but they re limited to single densi ty and usually support only one eight inch drive I
54. SHIPPING USUALLY OUTSIDE OKLAHOMA NO SALES TAX DYNAMIC RAM 256K 256Kx1 150ns 4 99 128K 128Kx1 150ns 10 99 HM FREE 00 64K 64Kx1 120 ns 2 10 PAK 40 FLOATIDG POIDT FORTH EPROM 27C256 2 250 ns 20 99 27256 32Kx8 250 ns 15 27 27128 16Kx8 250 ns 5 17 27664 8 8 200 ns 8 15 2764 8 8 250 ns 3 64 2732 4 8 250 ns 3 95 Interested having a FORTH 83 implementation with a video editor and an assembler that will do floating point arithmetic Now you can have such a system for your IBM PC or 280 CP M computer for free Look for the public domain UNIFORTH Sampler on SUD 2 450 ns 2 95 your local BBS or send us just 35 for the latest disk STATIC RAM version in your format The Sampler is a subset of 6264LP 15 8Kx8 150 ns 8 75 our more powerful Professional Series available 6116LP 3 2kxs 150 ns 2 50 for most processor operating system combinations OPEN 6 DAYS WE CAN SHIP VIA FED EX ON SAT It won t cost you a penny to try UNIFORTH and see for yourself the power of the FORTH language MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD Factory New Prime Parts Call write for our free 20 page catalog MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED EE 24 000 S Peoria Ave ic UNIFIED SOFTWARE SYST BEGGS OK 74421 91 8 267 4961 Box 2644 New Carrollton MD 20784 Prices shown above are for April 22 1985 301 552 9590 Please call for current prices Prices subject to change Please expect higher or l
55. Scribble no longer distributed commercially Want legitimate copy with source and documenta tion for Kaypro CPM if the price is right Also want BDS C Write Mike Perry 6035 40th NE Seattle WA 98115 300 1200 auto dial auto answer smartmodem Hayes compatible 199 KEYTRONIC keyboards New Parallel ASCII 10 each Two for 18 B W Systems Box 9791 Austin TX 78766 512 255 8350 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Yet another computer garage sale Qume 5 25 DSDD half height floppies 70 each Dysan align ment disks new 25 Tandon 602 5M hard drive ST 506 equivalent 150 The stuff works no as is surprise packages Monitors chips etc cheap Please request list Noor Singh P O Box 807 Santa Cruz NM 87567 505 753 2211 eves 5 hard disk controller DTC 510A BIOS source on 8 floppy 125 Qume 5 DSDD half height floppy 2 for 125 Many S 100 boards please re quest listing of excess equipment Noor Singh P O Box 807 Santa Cruz NM 87567 505 753 2211 THEULTIMATE SOFTWEAR ORDER YOUR MICRO C T SHIRT TODAY These user friendly tan shirts are formatted in mahogany border with black enhanced mode design The fully integrated system is com patible to size S M L and XL for only 6 95 ppd 8 50 all foreign MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Submission Requirements In the last few months we ve been reorganizing the submi
56. alphabetize and sort the Runs both MS DOS 1 25 and MS DOS 2 11 large directories that these drives can hold operating systems Runs copy protected software such as Calendar Program a personal datebook which Michtron s Demon Seed and Cash displays a two month calendar on the screen Clock Calendar Board for only 99 95 a Sanyo Software MS DOS 1 25 MS DOS 2 11 EasyPac or StarPac optional Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 48 LINE VIDEO continued from page 45 Wrap Up Plug in your new or old ROM in U68 and boot If you use SWP you should have already made the patches to the video and you ll be running right away If not I m making a new ROM available which fits in the lower half of a 2732a You can plug it into socket U68 The SWP monitor should be patched as shown in Figure 3 The steps with comments indicate what to look for if you want to change the source code in CRTOUT You must also change CRTBAS 20h CR TEND 38h and CRTMEM 2000h Once you finish this mod you ll have amuch friendlier programming environ ment HIGH PERFORMANCE VIDEO MONITOR BALL BCX 200 HP Monitor 12 P31 Green Non Composite Separate Sync Re quired 27 MHz Video Bandwidth 12 VDC 1 5 A e Vertical Sync 47 82 Hz e Horizontal Sync Jumper Selectable PERFECT FOR BIG BOARD 11 WHEN USING 9x 11 CHARACTER SET NEW with schematic shipping weight 10 165 MONITOR ONLY PLASTIC ENCLOSURE as pic
57. an envelope while in a document Or call up your own custom help or menu screens almost like having windows There s more Built in screen dump keypad redefinition clear screen printer on off definition chaining program chaining input pause and batch processing All in one neat little package that uses less memory AND disk space than the leading program Now for 39 95 aren t you ready for real key power to available CP M XtraKey Custom versions for Kaypro all models amp Gnat 10 only XtraKey will run on CP M 2 2 based computers To order send check or money order for 39 95 49 95 for XtraKey Custom for Kaypro or Gnat 10 plus 3 00 shipping U S amp Canada California residents MUST also add 6 sales tax Specify make and model of computer and disk format VISA and MasterCard accepted CP M dBASE Il WordStar and Kaypro are trademarks of Digital Research Ashton Tate Micropro and Kaypro respectively Xpert Software 8865 Polland Avenue San Diego 92123 619 268 0112 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 AN APPLICATION RESOURCE It s like having a friend to help Customize WordStar for Faster screen response Optimal printer output Custom patches Get started with Communications Transfer files across the country or across the room Communication Software on disk with Examples Connect Equipment RS 232 amp Handshaking explained
58. and keep hacking David Thompson s note I have mixed feel ings about Sol s disappearance from Micro C I ve really enjoyed his interesting and easy to edit offerings and he is definitely an au thority on public domain software However Micro C is not Microsystems they are dif ferent animals both in style and content There is still a need for Microsystems espe cially as Sol moves strongly into MS DOS and UNIX You have only to read PC Tech Journal to see the need for another magazine in this arena i Iwish Sol and Lennie the very best DOUBLE DENSITY MINI SIZE ONLY 5 3 4 x 7 3 4 INCHES 2 2 995 KIT DISK DRIVE SPECIAL NATIONAL PANASONIC J551 SA455 DS DD 5 1 4 IN 40 TRACKS PER SIDE 110 EACH HALF HEIGHT 48TPI 2 FOR 215 MITSUBISHI 4853 DS DD 5 1 4 IN 80 TRACKS PER SIDE 130 EA HALF HEIGHT 96 TPI 2 FOR 245 n BOTH DRIVES WORK FINE WITH THE LITTLE BOARDI FEATURES DOUBLE DENSITY 5 1 4 IN FLOPPY CONTROLLER CENTRONICS STYLE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT RD THROUGH SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT 64K DYNAMIC RAM USES 5VDC 75 A AND 12VDC 2 50MA SAME SIZE AS A MINI FLOPPY TERMS Shipments will be made approximately two weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s with 2732 BOOT EPROM a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping USA AND CANADA ONLY 256 RAMDISK KIT Now Only 69 CP M 80
59. any subject Too general was the reaction from all the reactionaries in the office What else are they good for We kicked around the idea of specify ing the language the version of the lan guage the subject the program length and the color of the programmer s eyes Too specific was the reaction from you know who It was immediately obvious that we were going to have to compromise on this contest or get rid of the reactionar ies So we re specifying the language Turbo Pascal but not the version We ve sort of narrowed program length but not the subject As for eye color we ve chosen bleery red streaks so all inveterate hackers will qualify easily Check out the contest article in this is sue Dr Dobb s just held a contest and had four entries Let s see what we can do 10 000 Subscribers I remember when Lifelines magazine announced they had 5 000 subscribers I was green with envy because Lifelines and Micro C started about the same time We had around 500 circulation at that time 5 000 seemed an impossible dream and I was still working at Tek tronix I figured that about the time we hit 1 000 I could quit Tek and cut my workday back to 20 hours When we printed labels for the April May issue this year we had over 9500 subscribers and we celebrated the 10 000 mark in mid April We hit 5 000 almost exactly a year ago Now if you d all come to SOG IV Speaking Of SOG IV Don
60. at the 16 rate It llsave you money and as Micro C con tinues to get bigger it ll save us money too Multi year Subscriptions Three gripes have turned up pretty consistently on the renewal forms 1 The return envelope is too small This is really a test of your mental acuity The trick is to fold the form in half then in thirds but don t tell anyone I told you 2 Micro C is getting too thick to three hole punch 3 We don t offer a multi year sub scription so people have to keep filling out our silly renewal form the one I read every comment on 4 We should go monthly but this is 4 and I promised you only three All right already Those of you in the U S that s us can have one year for 16 two years for 30 and three years for 42 That s not much of a break but it will save you a lot of trauma trying to get that large form into that small envelope once a year Now it s possible that within the next three years we might go more than 6 times a year If that happens we ll have to come up with an equitable way to raise our prices so everyone gets tr ated overcharged equally Note to the weird person who folded his renewal form into a paper airplane Straighten up and fly right fella It s people like you who encourage weird editors like me Selling Out Don t sell out to Ziff Davis is a fre quent comment on the renewal forms lately Don t worry A few days ago three Micro C staf
61. back to us so we decided to start all over again at square one down in the basement on the ping pong table This means I regret to say that this is my last column in Micro while atleast I think Micro Cornucopia is a ter rific magazine However publishing and editing my own magazine is very itime consuming so I must withdraw from other commitments wherever I can Adventures In Publishing Land Let me tell you about some of my ad ventures in the world of big time maga zine publishing Six years ago I realized there was a need for a magazine for users of CP M and S 100 systems this was long before Kaypro Xerox and Osborne entered the marketplace I tried to interest several magazine publishers in the idea but they all just laughed I believed in the need for such a magazine however so I decided to do it myself The first issue of Microsystems came out in January 1980 In late 1980 it was apparent that the magazine was becoming a big business I decided to sell it to Creative Computing and remain as the editor Microsystems was published six times a year and thus left me with time to pursue my other in terests My wife and I returned to our primary occupations at the community college where I teach electronics and she teaches math My avocations included being founder and president of the Amateur Computer Group of New Jersey 1 400 members strong and being active in the SIG M and PC Blue Public
62. conditional define checks to see whether a name has been defined and if it has compiles designated parts of the program C 80 Small C and Az tec C permit conditional defines C ing Pascal Clearly Macros have few grammatical restric tions so if you were a Turbo Pascal pro grammer by nature and wanted to retain your favorite stylistics you could by 7 defining Micro C Staff For example you could use Pascal block delimiters in C define then define begin define end and then if i gt 0 then begin o Compiler control lines of the form include filename are also available in C The call clude replaces the line with the contents of the file filename Turbo Pascal includes a similar com piler directive also called include which performs a similar substitution Included files cannot be nested in Turbo Pascal but can be with some C ers Aztec C is the only CP M 80 com piler I know of that comes with include nesting The Wrap Up If you prefer textbooks with a serious bent as opposed to seriously bent text books then The C Puzzle Book is probably not your cup But if you want to try your hand at some serious C play this might be for you It s a reasonably priced 12 95 and a terrific learning tool Avail able from Prentice Hall The Challenge An expanded pre processor that han dles macros would be a great addition to the Sma
63. density for 75 each they have fewer of the double doubles I m working on a phone number but you should find them if you talk to the marketing depart ment at their main plant wherever that is Shugarts are rebranded Panasonics so choose either brand TEC We ve had good luck with a couple of them but other people haven t been as happy Because of the gossip give them a7 Tandon The early full heights were pretty good look how many are still rasping around in old Kaypros But they re noisy and eventually die They get a 5 The later half heights have had head problems can t read or write which limits their usability a bit They rate a 1 The Japanese models may be better If not Big Blue is in fora surprise as they just signed a contract for a bunch rate the ones we got about equal with my Tandon half heights 1 Epson Really solid little performers that are laying data on most of the Kay pro disks we ship and have been for a year The push button sometimes doesn t eject the disk but that s no big gie Very quiet and absolutely reliable Give them a 9 5 Double Sided Vrs Single Sided If you have a Kaypro and plan to re place your drives I suggest you get dou ble sided 48 tpi drives even if you aren t planning to upgrade to a 4 or 8 The single sided drives have a felt pad which shapes the disk around the head That pad needs to be replaced every so often and I hav
64. direct BDOS and BIOS calls as well as a mini tutorial I call Intro to Assembly Language 1A Subtracting the appropriate offsets from the warm boot vector we can ob tain the real locations of the CCP and BDOS So why didn t we do that in the first place Why fool around with the BDOS vector The answer is that we were trying to determine TPA size and to do so we needed to take into account the possibility of RSEs or other things r As an idea craftsman you use your mind like a skilled pair of A hands You take hold of concepts then manipulate them to dis 5 cover refine convey dynamic new thoughts Now the fool that can strengthen B your creative grasp is well within Es your reach KAMAS a revolutionary outline Processor from KAMASOFT supports your thinking process and keeps you in touch with your ideas That s because KAMAS is designed to work the way your mind works naturally Begin by brainstorming KAMAS is enables you to jot down ideas quickly as you think of them If you want to elaborate you can add text with full screen editing and all attached text moves with it KAMAS 280 amp CP M are trademarks of KAMASOFT Zilog amp Digital Research respectively formerly Compusophic Systems KAMASOFT 2525 SW 224th Ave Dept
65. each US CAN MEX ISSUE NO 1 8 81 Power Supply RAM Protection Video Wiggle 1 2 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parallel Print Driver Drive Motor Conuol Shugart Jumpers Program Storage Above PFM 1 2 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4 MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTH words begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Translation More 4 MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Undoing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BB I EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal in FORTH 24 pages ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own begins 24 pages ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing a New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly begins Xerox 820 begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BB II EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages 5 00 each Other Foreign ISSUE 10 2 83 Saving a Flaky Disk Hooking Wini to BB The Disk Inspector JRT Fix Serial Keyboard Interface Pascal Procedures begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BB I Expansions BB II Details Dyna RAM Disk Review Easier Reverse Video Cursor P
66. ends are cooperating Terminal mode just gets characters from the keyboard and sends them to the other end while receiving characters and displaying them on the screen PROGRAM ship input output workfile CONST 0 codes for stopping starting character stream XOFF 5 modereg 200 SC2681 mode statusreg 202 status baudreg 202 baudrate commandreg 204 command datareg 206 data ACRreg 208 baudrate set IMRreg 204 interrupt mode TxRdy s 5 status mask for Transmit Ready RxRdy s 1 status mask for Receive Ready IMRBYTE 00 turn off all interrupts z point to MR1 enable Tx amp Rx MODEBYTE1 93 use RTS CTS no parity 8 bits MODEBYTE2 1F 2 stop bits SET2 80 select baudrate set 2 BAUD300 44 BAUD600 55 BAUD1200 66 BAUD2400 88 BAUD4800 99 BAUD9600 BB BAUD19200 CC VAR workfile text amp ct2 are global so they will be static variables this is because static variables are sometimes faster ct ct2 integer buffer array 1 2058 of char baudrate integer bits7 boolean selection char initialize port for reading and puc M PROCEDURE initport baudrate integer begin port IMRreg IMRBYTE turn off ints port commandreg COMBYTE point to modebyte1 port modereg t MODEBYTE1 set modes port modereg MODEBYTE
67. fixed his garbagy video Cold He replaced his original 6845 with a faster 6545 Then he replaced the Z80A with a Z80B Separately neither helped but together they work flawlessly No guarantees of course but when you see how responsive the Kaypro becomes with the fast scroll you ll understand what drove Chuck to find a solution Figure 1 Kaypro II To Kaypro 4 Upgrade Make these changes if your original monitor ROM is marked 81 149 Heavy solid lines show the three jumpers you need to add on the top of the board The dotted line is a jumper that goes underneath the a board from U73 6 to J6 pin 32 There are asterisks next to the three pins that must be pulled up before you connect jumpers to them Don t forget to change U73 from 741 504 to a 74504 CUT PINS Figure 3 If U66 is soldered 7413373 23 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 35 Soldering The First Steps By Lewis Sternberg One of these days you ll want to do an upgrade and good soldering tech niques will save you time and money What You ll Need Solder Soldering iron Sponge Forceps Knife Diagonal wire cutter Wire stripper Desoldering tool Isopropyl alcohol Small stiff plastic brush Luck Solder The solder should be 60 40 with multi ple core rosin flux Flux facilitates flow ing Don t use acid core solder the acid will corrode the joint Editor s note Cheap solder i e 50 50 large
68. for Kaypro sug gested in Micro C I did nearly 100 5MHz upgrades last year and installed more than 30 disk drives behind Pro 8 ROMs justlast month I find the instructions for the upgrades very complete and quite clear During this month s AKUG meeting the club s officers demonstrated their 4 drive Kaypros Two of our officers John and Sharon Wertz have his n hers Kaypros each sporting four Mitsubishi quads Our RBBS RCPM is tagged Lost Dutchman s Gold Mine 2 and is de voted exclusively to Kaypro support and utilities The number is 602 863 1435 The board operates 300 1200 baud 24 hours a day There is no fee and our on ly request is that users log on with real names not handles Kelvin Paul Giles 13829 North 19th Ave Phoenix AZ 85023 TPA Program Fix In Issue 23 Tom Geldner in Run ning In CP M s TPA gave a program ming example in SBASIC that was sup posed to dynamically size an array according to available memory His ex ample works except that the way he did it the array will always have a maximum size of 32767 even if more room is avail able _ Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 The problem lies in the way SBASIC uses the signed value of INTEGER varia bles when dealing with FOR NEXT loops FOR NEXT uses signed integers rather than unsigned integers like WHILE The solution is to use a WHILE DO structure 0 WHILE x lt gt max memory DO BEGIN 1
69. from lots of you so many in fact that a few submission guidelines will improve our information exchange First if you re sending an article please submit it on disk as well as on pa per As usual we ll acknowledge your submission with a free disk of software your choice This will let you know your hard work has reached us safely If you forget to tell us which disk you want we ll send you a coupon which you can use when you feel like it Also put your name address and phone number on the disk and on the printout so we can get in touch with you if we need to About content overexplain every thing let me repeat that overexplain ev erything and show us every step We want to make sure we understand what you re doing It s alot easier for us to cut than to add We especially like illustra tions and schematics but make sure ref erences to the art work are clearly stated in the article About subject we ll look at anything we might laugh under our breaths es pecially if it s from Laine but certainly not out loud Surplus Jim Ferguson you know the BBI de signer has several hundred Otrona At tache 8086 16 bit add on processor boards designed to work with their Z80A system With 256K already soldered on to the board they look like bargains at only about 45 each Call Jim for details In order to use this board you ll have to either find or write the software to en able it to talk to the mai
70. fully commented and labeled source code for your CP M system the and BDOS your liking CP M 2 2 45 1907 Alvarado Ave Walnut Creek CA 94596 415 939 8153 13 IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN continued from page 13 First of all most of these publishers use a subscription service This turns out to be much cheaper for them if they have 100 000 or more readers and re lieves them of the problem of dealing with subscribers The largest such company is A C Neilson located as if you didn t know already in Boulder Colorado They are highly automated dealing with hun dreds of millions of subscriptions annu ally They are more concerned with pro viding low cost service to publishers than they are with providing good ser vice to subscribers A publishing execu tiveonce told me that they canlive with a 20 subscriber complaint rate from the subscription service they used Most large subscription services send the subscription cards they receive out of the country typically to the Far East for keyboard entry This usually introduces a 2 3 week turnaround time causing most of the 6 8 week delay Also since most of the operators keying in the data FREE CP M 2 2 A 139 VALUE A FREE 5 1 4 IN CP M 2 2 DISKETTE IS INCLUDED WITH EACH KIT 299 95 CUT FULLY SOCKETED PERFECT MATE TO OUR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOA WITH AMPRO COMPUTERS WE ARE PLEASED TO OFFER THEIR LITTLE BOARD IN KIT FORM 4MHZ 280
71. ground line then heat sink the semiconduc tor s leads by clamping a forceps be tween the component and the joint Finally Now that you ve read all this you re probably wondering if soldering is total ly beyond you You ve got to get a tiny joint hot enough to take solder without cooking a delicate board or IC Butare you going to hang up your new iron and trudge down to your local com puter shop for that long anticipated 5 MHz speed up Of course not At least not without a fight You just need a little heat and a little practice which is what they told you when you bought the yogurt maker last year Just get a surplus PC board with ICs soldered to it 5 max at a swap meet and away you go Try adding compo nents to the board Try pulling up single pins and running jumpers to other pins or pads Then for your final exam try unsoldering several ICs from the board without damaging them and without lifting runs on the board Pretty soon you ll be an expert Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 DIABLO 620 H P 2602 RS 232 STORE DEMO LETTER QUALITY 25 CPS WITH SERVICE MANUAL 195 00 TRACTOR FEED WITH 620 PURCHASE 49 00 DIABLO 630 45 CPS RS 232 STORE DEMO 45 CPS LETTER QUALITY 995 00 Z 125 9 9 DOT MATRIX 10 12 13 2 16 5 CPI RS 232 150 CPS WITH BLOCK GRAPHICS 95 ASCII CHARACTERS STORE DEMO 495 00 KEYBOARD 113 KEYS 8 BIT ASCII PARALLEL OUTPUT WITH CASE AND COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION 40 00
72. in the macro PR but FUDGE 2 is left unexpanded in the format of the call to printf int 2 3 14159 Replace the formal parameter k by the actual parameter Surprise First multiply then add then truncate Nabbed by a parenthesis The unwanted interaction between the replacement string and its context in this problem is avoided if FUDGE k is defined to be k 3 14159 End of Listing Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 DOUBLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY FOR YOUR XEROX 820 1 NOW YOU CAN HAVE DOUBLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY FOR YOUR XEROX 820 1 OR BIG BOARD I AND RUN BOTH 8 AND 5 1 4 DISK DRIVES AT THE SAME TIME OUR STANDARD DISK FORMATS ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THE KAYPRO XEROX AND BIG BOARD WITH THE OPTION OF RUNNING UNIFORM BY MICRO SOLUTIONS TO ACCESS OVER 70 OTHER DISK FORMATS XPRO ROM SET BY MICRO CORNUCOPIA COMES WITH ROMS CUSTOM BIOS INSTALLATION PROGRAMS DISK FORMATTER AND MANUAL RUNS 63K CPM FOR BIGGER AVAILABLE TPA USES PARALLEL KEYBOARD AND FAST VIDEO CENTRONICS AND SERIAL PRINTER SOFTWARE INCLUDED SELECTABLE WITH IOBYTE 98 SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE WITH THE KAYPRO INCLUDES FIRMWARE MONITOR FOR DIRECT MEMORY AND PORT ACCESS BOOTS FROM 5 1 4 OR 8 DISKS FORMATS READS AND WRITES KAYPRO II 191K SSDD 48 TPI 5 1 4 KAYPRO 4 390K DSDD 48 TPI 5 1 4 KAYPRO 8 784K DSQD 96 TPI 5 1 4 8 SSSD IBM 3740 STANDARD 241K 8 SSDD BB II 596K 8
73. includes power supply amp fan RESEARCH CORPORATION Call for quantity pricing 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia 93294 209 654 4203 Disk Drives and Little Board not included We accept BankAmencard Visa and MasterCard Single Board Computer Chassis amp Power Supply e Assembled and Tested e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet e Fan amp Dust Filter e Hefty 5 12 24 Regulated Supply Runs drives amp computer board e Accepts 2 ea 8 Floppy Drives Half of Full e 2 ea DB25 1 ea Centronics 1 ea 50 pin cutout on back e Front panel reset switch e Power Harness for Drives and Board e Flexible Board Mounting e Line Fuse Filter Line Cord Power Switch e Cabinet amp Power Supply Available Separately 2 7 5 Write or tor our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than box computer 1 Piece 9 i B 2901 SBC Chassis amp Power Supply Ze B7 N D cen to quantity pricing RESEARCH CORPORATION Disk Drives not included 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 651 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Tidbits By Gary Entsminger Bulletin Board Bruce has Micro C s first public bulle tin board up and running It s written in Turbo Pascal and the source is available on Kaypro Disk K31 Micro C is now on line 24 hours a day at 300 or 1200 baud Call us at 503 382 7643 Program listin
74. install pro gram Others commented on my strange version numbers For the record I am running versions 2 4 and 2 3b The 1 4 and 1 37 listed in issue 22 were er rors my own Well I have been able to make the sys tem work properly no more dropping back into CP M and in the process dis covered three things 1 Although you are supposed to have over 1 000 bytes space for variables mine dies when the variables take over 830 bytes in version 2 3b It s less than that for 2 4 2 When I run a program that uses most of the variable space ESC out of the program and then re start with a DO command the program will bomb If instead I QUIT dBASE after the ESC re start dBASE and then re start the application the program will run 3 We can make new entries in a large indexed file much more quickly using version 2 3b than using 2 4 I got a call from a dealer who said that version 2 43 the latest had been re called by Ashton Tate and that there was no word on when it would be re released probably as version 2 5 Ashton Tate had promised me the 2 43 upgrade I ve bought three copies already but maybe I m glad they haven t sent it On the oth er hand if I had zillions of users and could charge 200 for copies of bug fixes I d be tempted to come out with a new fix every few months David J Thompson Editor amp Publisher 74 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 The following fol
75. of pro grams for Arabic text processing and printing and full documentation Zadian Research has also developed an arabization kit for the Prowriter dot matrix printer It allows the Prowriter to print Arabic without losing any of its English capabilities Interspersed Arabic and English and enlarged Arabic are also supported The bilingual Kaypro models and the arabization kit for the Prowriter printer are available from the International Mar keting Department of Kaypro Corpora tion 533 Stevens Avenue Solana Beach CA 92075 Zadian Research 1749 Jonathan Avenue San Jose CA 95125 Selling Prototypes I m wondering if there is some way to profit from my ideas without having to do everything myself Is Micro C or some company that advertises in Micro C interested in buying working hard ware prototypes to be finished e g packaging purchasing volume parts making PC boards and writing soft ware in exchange for royalties or some thing Frankly a 15 diskette of software is poor compensation for several days worth of work Is there some other pos sibility I haven t thought of Phil Hunter 655 S Fair Oaks 317 Sunnyvale CA 94086 Editor s note Sure we d be glad to look at any projects you are working on Give me a call and let s discuss what you re doing Maybe we can do a combination article circuit board etc It could also be a straight product Also the disk is not the only payment for an ar
76. one sec ond tick counter mode the signal comes from the CLK TRG pin connected to the ZC TO pin of the previous chan nel pre scalar 16 does not apply fall ing edge could also be rising edge in this case automatic trigger does not apply time constant follows the counter val ue software reset and control word The value of 93 is the counter value A full blown interval timer is now ac tive which flags the microprocessor ev ery second This flag is known as an in terrupt and talk more about that next time NOW FOR XEROX 820 BB amp LOW COST DISK CONTROLLER SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DISK DRIVES AND FLOPPIES WITH THE MODEL 3801 ALL SOLID STATE RELAY SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT EASILY INSIDE YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3801 CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOARD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED FEATURES SMALL SIZE 1 75 X 1 40 X 0 35 FAST INSTALLATION DIAGRAM INCLUDED ZERO CROSSING ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 80 EACH 1 YEAR WARRANTY 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE DIUINIS COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA 1619 SOUTH MINNIE STREET SANTA ANA CALIFORNIA 92707 714 547 4316 CALIF RES ADD 6 SALES TAX ADD 1 00 EA POSTAGE amp HANDLING PLEASE SPECIFY BBI BBII OR XEROX 1000K RAMdisk Plus FOR 1 and XEROX 820 2 piece system using Z 80 daughter board
77. payable to Micro Cornucopia lie c Signature __ Exp date MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 5060 77 5 IRER Micro C works because it is a central information exchange for What information would you like to see in Micro C the doers in this crazy industry So we encourage you to share your trials and tribulations That way we can invent new wheels rather than redoing the old ones over and over What kind of exciting adventure misadventure are you working on Description SUBSCRIPTION 6 issues per year 1 Yr 22 1 Yr 30 Air Mail Air Mail 1 Yr 16 2 Yr 30 Renewal USERS DISKS 8 SSSD CP M s s s KAYPRO SCHEMATIC PACKAGES 20 amp 4 pre 84 O 2 4 10 84 O 10 No Modem BACK ISSUES s Prices include 1st Class postage Air Mail for Other Foreign Check or money order enclosed Make checks payable to TOTAL US funds only payable on a US bank MICRO CORNUCOPIA ENCLOSED Card No Visa O MasterCard Are you a current subscriber to Micro Cornucopia O Yes D No NAME PHONE ADDRESS CITY acuto oo oe ZIP MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Order Number 503 382 5060 Technical Calls 9 Noon PST Only 503 382 8048 ER UNICUM Cop p M r BACK ISSUES 3 00
78. run without problem but the amount of CP M 86 software available is limited MS DOS has plenty of software but it is strongly IBM flavored The 16 8 can read write IBM disks which is a definite plus and practically a requirement But if you want it just to have it the price was right in my case don t expect the broad base of software that s available for CP M 80 Z80 Support Chips This column will begin a series on three chips that every 820 has but which are not always understood the CTC PIO and SIO concentrate mainly operation and programming with an oc casional reference to a specific I O pin If you are an experienced programmer you ll enjoy this discussion If you are not experienced then hang in there you might learn a few things Z80 CTC The Z80 CTC Counter Timer Circuit is a special purpose chip which has four programmable counter timer channels Each of these channels is independent of the others although they can be inter connected for some applications as in the 820 Each of the channels consists of a trig ger selector and a resettable counter see Figure 1 The trigger preselector sends a decrement signal to the counter which keeps track of the count and gen erates any output signals The trigger se lector is detailed in Figure 2 showing the multiplexer which selects between the CLK TRIG or pre scalar inputs and the pre scalar types divide by either 16 or 256
79. table mark 2C26 00 A1 lt R gt Space remaining be sure and use your value here 2C27 00 lt R gt Done You may however wish to modify the signon message at FCOO in RAM 2D00 in SYSGEN image to show the modifications C Use Control C to exit DDT and A gt SAVE 48 CPM8 COM lt R gt Save the patched result And use SYSGEN to put the patched BIOS on a formatted disk in drive B A SYSGEN CPM8 COM lt R gt SYSGEN VER 2 0 MD1 2 DESTINATION DRIVE OR RETURN TO SKIP B lt R gt DESTINATION DRIVE OR RETURN TO SKIP lt R gt A gt 54 SOURCE DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO SKIP A lt R gt Byte 0 SOURCE ON A THEN TYPE RETURN lt R gt Byte 1 FUNCTION COMPLETE DESTINATION DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO REBOOT lt R gt A gt SAVE 48 CPM64 COM lt R gt Byte 2 Then use DDT to find and patch the areas in the SYSGEN image Byte 3 Byte 4 A DDT CPM64 COM lt R gt Byte 5 DDT VERS 2 2 Byte 6 NEXT PC Byte 7 3100 0100 Look for the start of CPM jump table Byte 8 D2300 2310 lt R gt here it is as shown by all the C3 Jumps 84H Foreign Drive Single Sided Mot Cont 001 22H Non virtual drive Single Density 80 track although this makes no difference 128 byte per sector single sided drive C 01H Motor wait time to minimum since drive runs continuous 01H Head settle time to minimum BFH SRT HUT to 765 23H HLT ND to 765 End of Track Sector Number 07H Gap Length 3 FFH Current Track Figure 8 Parts List Description 34 cond
80. the CPM jump table so get warm start address Warm Start Start of BIOS is Warm Start 3 or F200 D00 04 0000 C3 03 F2 00 00 HF203 041 lt R gt ADD OFFSET TO MTAB 41H F244 F1C2 MTAB POINTER IS AT F244 DF244 F245 F244 33 F8 lt R gt MTAB FOR DRIVE A STARTS AT F833 BUT WE WANT MTAB FOR DRIVE C SO MUST ADD 18 BYTES TO THIS ADDRESS SINCE EACH MTAB ENTRY IS 9 BYTES LONG HF833 012 lt R gt F845 F821 Figure 5 MD 2 Translation Table Marker as SD 811 Size of Table Table 1 00 01 07 OD 13 19 05 OB 11 17 03 09 OF 15 02 08 OE 14 1 06 0C 12 18 04 OA 10 16 End of Table Byte Space Remaining Byte equal to original Space remaining less the 1D bytes used or BE 1D s A1 in this case Tel 212 652 1786 for information orders Figures continued ConIX and The ConIX Library are trademarks of Computer Helper Industries Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 53 MORROW LISTINGS continued from page 53 Figure 7 Creating a Disk Image of CBIOS A gt SYSGEN lt R gt Figure 6 Byte Equivalents on 8 SD 2300 C3 C9 FC C3 52 F2 C3 DE F2 C3 E6 F2 C3 48 F3 C3 HF200 2300 R This calculates offset between SYSGEN and BIOS addresses 1500 CF00 The offset is CF00 HF76E CFOO lt R gt Use the offset to find the DPH C66E 286E This is it now to patch remembering that low S
81. the board containing the new circuitry in place of the cord pan on the rear of the computer The cut out in the rear panel gives room to bring out the 50 conductor cable to the 8 drive and the 34 conductor cable to the expan sion drive connector See Figure 2 The circuit is constructed on perfboard using point to point wiring 2 PC Board Changes These changes allow the external 74LS157 to select between the internal data separator the NEC 765 clock source WRITE CLK and the external 8 equivalents Refer to Figure 1 and carefully cut the traces as indicated by the Xs Take your time and be sure you have the right point Then carefully scrape off some of 4 MHZ ON YOUR 280 IS LIKE DRIVING 40 ON THE FREEWAY GO 60 INSTEAD SERVO 8 HIGH PERFORMANCE 6 MHZ SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER B 6 MHZ 280 CPU RUNS FULL SPEED WITH NO WAIT STATES B FOUR LAYER BOARD 5 75 x 8 CAN MOUNT DIRECTLY TO MINIFLOPPY B POWER REQUIRED 5 VOLTS AT 1 4 AMPS NO OTHER VOLTAGES NEEDED UNIQUE FLOPPY CONTROLLER WITH AUTOMATIC SELF ADJUSTMENT NO POTS FOR 3 5 DRIVES 5 25 DRIVES 8 DRIVES 1 6 MB 5 25 DRIVES m CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT UTILITY INCLUDED ALLOWS EASY MENU DRIVEN SELECTION OF OVER 50 DIFFERENT FLOPPY AND WINCHESTER FORMATS AS WELL AS BAUD RATES PRINTER PORT SELECTION AND TURN KEY AUTOLOAD 5 5 1 SCSI BUS FOR WINCHESTER CONTROLLER XEBEC 1410 B TWO RS232 PORTS WITH SOFTWARE SELECTABLE RATES 300 TO 153 6K BAUD
82. the marketing gal has been pushing him to aim at a less formal audience since she s been pitching to a light bright PC World audience Greg tried to get someone in Avante Garde to listen to his ideas about market ing how to reach the real audience but he struck out So he has continued to produce a formal journal while market ing has continued to pitch the novice au dience Sounds like a large corporation doesn t it The Microsystems Experience It turns out that Sol had the same ex perience with Ziff He disagreed with the way Microsystems was being run He wanted his magazine to remain a journal plain and meaty Ziff made it pretty talked to other ex editors and universally they ve said that the only thing businesses understand is mass ap peal which means they homogenize anything controversial or unique into me too bland These editors have also said that anyone who sells a magazine should clear out completely immedi ately Don t make the mistake of keeping any part of the action they tell me Clean out your desk and disappear Don t even let them send you You won t be able to stand it Well it d be next to impossible to clean out my desk Chris has given up even trying to organize it I m not moving out of Bend and I couldn t stand the thought of someone homogenizing Mi cro C much less beating it senseless Plus I really enjoy doing Micro C You should he
83. they haven t even tried it It reminds me of kids who hate peas without ever trying them just because their friends don tlike peas Therefore I am releasing a subset of UNIFORTH into the public domain Called the UNIFORTH Sampler the freeware version follows the FORTH 83 standard and includes an assembler floating point and a video editor Try it If you like it send a contribution or an order for the Professional Series If you don t like it you haven t spent a penny Check your local bulletin board or send 35 to Unified Software Systems for the latest disk in your format Versions are now available for Z80 CP M 2 2 and the IBM PC DOS 2 x others will be re leased when there are requests for them Thinking FORTH Leo Brodie is well known for his Start ing FORTH one of the best introductory language texts ever written Though it is billed as a sequel Thinking FORTH is an altogether different beast Brodie s latest text is concerned with programming techniques rather than language details He uses FORTH as a vehicle to teach his principles You don t need to know much FORTH to follow the text and those of us who use struc tured programming techniques with gt other languages will also learn lessons However if you are reluctant to use FORTH don t read this book or you may become a convert Inside The Book Thinking FORTH contains 300 pages including eight chapters five appendi ces and an index Brodie
84. to knock off whatever they need and they ll put it out for less than you re charging You can approach them but you may be better off on your own Distribution An audience member told of an rience he had with a guy who was sup posed to be distributing a book for him The only response we saw through him was while we were advertising in Pub lisher s Weekly at 2 000 per page That was real expensive After the ad stopped it sold 1 500 copies the first two weeks we didn t sell a single copy through the distributor He was supposed to be na tional but he didn t push it Keep as much control of your book as possible because once it gets into some one else s hands there is no guarantee it will be distributed or that anyone will 68 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 ever see it Pushing your own book is very important You need ads reviews and testimonials You can get testimoni als before the book even gets published Then keep track of who purchases the book and use that information with the testimonials in your ads Putting Together A Book Parachute Press prints an excellent book on self publishing by Dan Pointer He says that if you are compiling a lot of information from magazines books or whatever you should lay out all your material on the floor cut it up and make a huge outline out of it Then gather it up section by section enter and edit the in formation add you
85. two 16 bit timers onboard MMU and two DMA channels that can directly address the 512K of physical memory bypassing the MMU Due on the market soon it should sell Little Board 186 shown with 10 MB Xebec OWL for around 20 Who knows this could be the beginning of a Z80 revival and the demise of 20 bills from general circula SW is the drive select SW2 set 1 5 6 on SW3 set 2 4 5 on tion And that s about all the tidbits fit to Canon Drives On The Kaypro print in this issue See you at the SOG Note To use Canon drives on a Kay pro you need to set the DIP switches on the units as follows FREE AFFORDABLE ENGINEERING SOFTWARE SIGNAL PROCESSING SPP 59 95 Linear Non Linear Analysis FFT Inverse FFT La Place Transforms Transient Analysis Time Domain Manipulation Spectra Manipulation Transfer Function Manipulation Editing and Error Trapping Free Format input CATALOG AND SIGNAL PROCESSING BOOKLET CP M MSDOS TRSDOS PCDOS CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Fast Machine Code e Complete Circuit Editor Free Format Input e Worst Case Sensitivities Full Error Trapping GRAPH PRINTING e Linear Logarithmic Multiple Plots Full Plot Labeling Auto Forced Scaling Two Y Axes ACNAP SPP Compatible PLOT PRO e Any Printer e Vertical Horizontal PC PLOT Ves 7 e Any Size Circuit e Input Output Impedances Monte Carlo Analysis
86. use Sanyo Graphic BASIC One MBC 1200 or two MBC 1250 internal double sided double density double track 5 4 shm type mini floppy disk drives with 640KB formatted capacity Specially designed detachable keyboard with coiled cable for easier operation Interfaces for one Centronics printer and one RS 232 CASH PRICE ONLY Check In advance Add 3 lor VISA MC No Retums Shipping amp Handling charges will be edded to each order For complete technical literature send 1 10 P O Box 689 PHONE ORDERS ONLY Putnam CT 06280 203928 3654 799 46 Y 64 Chips 150 nanosecond 4116 200ns ADVENTURE TERMINAL CITY GAMES BOOK Televideo 921 ones 495 Written by Kim Schuette S a over 300 pages MAPS Televideo970 4129 listings and general hints Wiesel lies wc 15450 on almost every computer Wyse 3739 game the market Like o 108 695 ADDS Viewpoint your re choice M 2 073A 569 Crystal etc Over 75 in all only 16 95 HARD DISK SPECIALS Miniscribe 5 10 Megabyte Half Height As 280A Supp ort used in the Eagle PC and Televideo PC Z80A DMA 3 95 1 Year Parts amp Labor 780 CTC 2 50 12 8 Megabytes unformatted with an Z80A PIO 3 50 18 msec track to track access time LL LLL LLL DD
87. van tage point CATALOG KayPro Disk K1 Modem software KayPro Disk K2 Utilitles Really oodles of spiffy little and big programs to help you get full use of your KayPro DASM A true Zilog format disas sembler for 8080 and Z80 object COM files Now you can turn COM files into MAC files UNERA COM Simply enter UNERA followed by the name ofthe file you just erased and presto the erased file is back A lifesaver FINDB54 COM Checks an entire disk re ports bad sectors and then creates a spe cial file containing those sectors You savea bundle on disks This is a group of programs which create and maintain single directory of all the programs you have on all your disks Even keeps track of which programs are backed up and which aren t UNSPOOL COM Use your and print files at the same time Doesn t slow down system response DUMPX DU 77 COMPARE SUPERSUB FORMFEED DIR DUMP and all have documentation on disk KayPro Disk K3 Games KayPro Disk K4 Adventure This disk contains one 191K game Adventure ADV COM This is the latest greatest most cussed adventure ever devised by half mortals This is the 550 point version so the cave is greatly expanded and the creatures are much smarter KayPro Disk K5 MX 80 Graphics KayPro Disk K6 Word Processing Utilities KayPro Disk K7 Small C Version 2 Compiler KayPro Disk K8 Sma
88. wanted a system that would support two eight inch drives single sided single and double density and double sided double density And I wanted to make the same upgrade avail able for Big Board users so they could use five and eight inch drives simultane ously Well I ve done it Why Eight There s only one standard format in floppy disk drives an eight inch single density called IBM 3740 CP M public domain software is almost always dis tributed in this format SIGM and CP MUG software is distributed only in IBM 3740 and anyone marketing CP M soft ware provides it first in IBM 3740 So if your computer can read and write the standard you can obtain virtually any CP M software More Storage Another advantage of eight inch drives is storage capacity Until the re cent development of high density five inch drives eight inch drives offered the highest capacity of any floppy disk drives On a single sided disk single density offers only 241K but double density increases that to about 600K Double sided double density disks have a capacity of over 1200K 1 2 Meg Disk I O is faster on eight inch drives Five inch double density drives transfer data to and from the processor at a rate of 250 Kbits per second Eight inch double density do it twice as fast The faster transfer rate provides a dramatic speed improvement in disk operations Hardware The most unusual feature of the board is the two sets of driv
89. was the PC version of VEDIT though It is incredibly fast The other editors took a small though noticeable period of time to repaint the screen after a page com mand VEDIT seemed to respond in stantly like mashed potatoes but more impressive and less filling Rather then relying on ROM calls VEDIT places characters directly into video memory This makes the program very hardware specific but using ROM calls is hard ware specific too The best way to out put a character is through an operating system call but that isn t nearly as fast and we must outdo the competition mustn t we Of course the main reason VEDIT is so fast is that the memory on the video board has a 16 bit data bus and is run ning at 8MHz This makes it considera bly about 2 times faster than any of the PC clones around After three days I was thoroughly spoiled Out Of The Blocks The first time I plugged everything in I couldn t get the video board to sign on as the console device But for once I had read the manual several weeks earlier before diving in I remembered some thing about needing a jumper some where so I took a quick scan back through the manual I found I had to jumper pins 1 and 2 of JB2 and UNjum per pins3and 4 on the main Slicer board in order to allow using the video board as the console device After I made this change everything worked just fine The manual states incorrectly that ESC gt E clears the scre
90. who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples documentation USERS DISK 425 780 Macro Assembler This is a real 280 macro assembler Syntax closely follows RMAC and MAC Also includes pseudo ops to support conditional assembly etc No phase or relocatable code USERS DISK 426 BBII CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS Winchester Support CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS implementation for the BBI Roy Epperson s software to support the Adaptec ACB 4000 SCSI and the Rodime R204 5 Winchester on the BBII see issue 19 Plus more Winchester programs USERS DISK 27 BYE Remote CP M System BYE programs to run your BBI BBH or XEROX 820 1as a remote CP M system using a Hayes Smartmodem compatible modem Includes programs to allow restricted access USERS DISK 28 VFILER and Extended Single Density VFILER is a screen oriented file manipulation utility similar to SWEEP CLEAN and DISK Also Larry Blunk s documentation and software for implementing extended single density 334K on eight inch disks MICRO CORNUCOPIA Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 FORTHwords By Arne A Henden I ve finally gotten around to review ing Thinking FORTH It s taken me this long not because Leo Brodie wrote a ter rible book but because I ve been so busy applying using it that writing the review had to wait But first I have a bone to pick Free FORTH I m sick and tired of people berating FORTH when
91. 00 280 3880 Mostek 2 00 TD9 185030 32x8 Prom 2 50 14412 11 00 14516 Harris 1 25 74C193 50 74574 50 280 CPU 2 50 1702 256 8 Ims EPROM 1 50 4528 1 00 14539 1 50 74cg9 400 7415280 1 50 280 9 00 1793 02 floppy disk controller 18 00 4529 1 00 14553B 5 00 7415147 2 00 745373 2 00 280 510 0 10 00 2016 7 2KxB8Static70ns 3 50 UCN 4810A 10bit Fluorescent Dis Driv 2 00 7415181 200 748374 200 280 510 2 10 00 ULN2032A Sprague 1 00 TL494CN Switching Regulator Circuit 3 50 74557 512x4Prom 2 50 280ACID 12 00 2101 2 2 00 2104 4 2 00 5016 15 00 5025 15 00 SN 76005ND5 10W Pwr Amp 4 00 280A DART 7 00 21FO2 2 00 2108 2 A6L 2 00 5204 EPROM 1 50 76477 350 CAPACITORS 2104 2 00 2108 4 2 00 5520 analog switch 2 00 765A Floppy Cont 18 00 2376 ST SMC keybd encoder 10 00 MM5314 Clock Circuit 4 50 801863 8Mhz16bitCPuU85 00 lt Uf monolythic caps 100 8 00 P 2405 Intel 2 00 5316 Clock Watch Circuit 4 50 8080 3 50 1 000 60 00 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Pascal Procedures By John P Jones Because there s so much Pascal soft ware in the public domain you often need to sift the wheat from the chaff If the software you find is not exactly what you need you are faced with the problem of modifying the code to fit your application If the original was written in Pascal Q Version 7 342C Infinity Va porware Atlantis and you only use Imaginary Pascal 7 Thou
92. 1 Controller 19 00 Eus 8 60 50 10107 1 50 10170 2 00 LM304 Adjustable Neg Volt Reg 1 50 6800 1 6845 12 00 goo 600 829137 2 50 10113 2 00 10172 2 00 3075 FM dtector lim audio preamp 5 00 68010L8 16 bit Virtual Memory 40 00 8275 2700 825141 3 50 10117 2 00 10175 2 00 CA 30827Hi Cur NPN Transistors Com Coll 1 00 6810 128xBStatic Ram 1 50 82516 3 50 10121 2 00 10176 2 00 LM 309H 5V 200 ma Voltage Regulator 1 50 68450 8 Controller 130 00 82523 32x8 Prom 2 50 10130 2 00 10180 2 00 LM 310N Linear Follower 1 50 68452 Bus Arbitration Module 28 00 82590 3 50 10132 2 00 10182 2 00 LM 339 Linear Comparator Quad 1 00 7220 Graphics Controller 36 00 8741 27 00 10133 2 00 10197 2 00 DS 3486 Four Three State 422 423 Receiver 3 00 74116 1 50 7415189 8 00 8755 20 00 10134 2 00 10212 2 00 053487 Four Three State 422 423 Receiver 3 00 74150 125 7415244 2 00 93453C Fairchild 1024x4 Prom 4 50 M de so n 200 ANS 1 00 74159 1 50 7415259 2 50 9517 5 Controller 15 00 1400S 16K St ic Sons 4 0 MK4027N 3 4Kx1200N 150 74181 200 74 9273 125 2029 atic 55ns 00 Kx S 1 50 74198 1 25 7415299 1 50 280 510 MK3887 Mostek 9 00 HP146818 R T Clock amp RAM 5 00 TMS4045 20NL 4 00 74251 250 7405366 40 280 3882 Mostek 2 00 TIL 156 1 00 4164 200ns or Foster 3 75 74390 1 00 7415377 1 00 Z80 PIO MK3881 Mostek 2 00 AF132CJ Nat l Modem Filters 5 00 RM4136DC Quad Linear OpAmp 1 00 J4C154 200 7408379 1
93. 114 Aloha OR 97006 Get your hands on KAMAS now Send 147 plus 4 for S H Or call 503 649 3765 for VISA or Master Card orders KAMAS is available for many Z80 CP M computers Ask about your system Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 the height of with KAMAB You may have noticed in Tom s last article Running In CP M s TPA Issue 23 page 67 that Figure 1jwas missing This is it PRINT TPA space from 100H to CCP in HEX z HEX PEEK T 9H 100H PRINT TPA space from 100H to CCP in DECIMAL z 256 PEEK T 9 KAMAS puts full control at your fingertips You can keep track of your main line of thought by col lapsing the details from view Then expand the outline to devel op the specifics when you need to By collapsing and expanding portions of the outline you can maintain an overview and literally see how your ideas fit together And KAMAS is fast Your ideas re main at your fingertips KAMAS can locate and retrieve by keyword even a misspelled one in less than a second per topic file Use as much of the power as you feel comfortable with KAMAS is menu driven with over 100 on line help screens But you can also open the hood to find a high performance programming environment with the additional horsepower you may need to get the job done An active user community and the KAMAS Report newsletter keep you in touch with the latest KAMAS applications Achieve a
94. 12 BIT RESOLUTION MUSIC ROBOTICS LAB WORK 16K TO 64K MONITOR EPROM 4K TO 64K STATIC RAM PROGRAMMABLE BAUD RATE GENERATOR PARALLEL ASCII KEYBOARD INPUT FULL 68000 EXPANSION BUS 60 PIN HEADER BUFFERED Aka LOWER PRICES NOW 1 MEGABYTE CYPHER AVAILABLE MANUAL 20 eee emen 20 00 BARE BOARD EPROMS 280 BIOS A 65000 BO IRR FORE 68000 MONITOR AI COMPLET CYPHER WITH 256 K DRAM 128K VIDEO DRAM NEC 7220 REAL TIME CLOCK A D D A DISC CONTROLLER SERIAL pda ASSEMBLED TESTED 1249 95 EXPANDED MEMORY OPTIONS INQUIRE SHIPPING CHARGES WA Ae PRICES ARE IN U S DOLLAI COMPLETE CYPHER WITH 1 MEGABYTE DRAM 128K VIDEO DRAM NEC 7220 REAL TIME CLOCK A D D A DISC CONTROLLER SERIAL ASSEMBLED AND TESTED 1399 95 MOTOROLA IL INTEL LARS SHIPPING 8 SHIPPING EXCESS WILL BE REFUNDED MOTEL COMPUTERS LIMITED PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE ponens e CP M IS A TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH 174 BETTY ANN DRIVE WILLOWDALE TORONTO ONTARIO CANADA M2N 1X6 416 221 2340 CP M EPROM PROGRAMMING SYSTEM 2016 VARTAN 21128 21206 2ICXX STAND ALONE ELECTRONIC SWITCHING OP EPROM TYPES USES 24 VOLT XPMR POWER DESIGNED WITH 70 GET PARTS WORKS WITH ANY CP M SYSTEM c SUPPLIES TIMING a BOARD COMPREHENSIVE 30 PG MANUAL L SOFTWARE INSTALL INTERFACE TWO WAYS
95. 2 type card slots for color video expansion etc IBM type keyboard port Fully assembled and tested only SLICER COMPUTERS INC SLICER 2543 Marshall Street N E Minneapolis MN 55418 612 788 9481 FOR EXPANDED MEMORY ADDITIONAL PORTS AND REAL TIME CLOCK Up to 256K additional dynamic RAM 2 RS232C asynchronous ports with baud rates to 38 4K for serial communication 2 additional serial ports for asynchronous RS232C or synchronous communication Zilog 8530 SCC Real Time Clock with battery backup for continuous timekeeping Centronics type parallel printer port Fully assembled and tested only April Special 650 REAL 8 16 BIT POWER ON A SINGLE BOARD Featuring the Intel 80188 Complete microcomputer on high quality 5 3 4 x 7 3 4 multilayer board 256K RAM plus up to 8 EPROM SASI port for hard disk controller Two full function RS232C serial ports with individually programmed transmission rates 50 to 38 4K baud Software compatibility with the 8086 and 8088 8K of EPROM contains drivers for peripherals commands for hardware checkout and software testing Software supports 5 1 4 and 3 1 2 disk drives Source for monitor included on disk Bios supports Xebec 1410 and Western Digital WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks Fully assembled and tested only products are available in several kit forms Operating Systems are CP M 86 by Digital Research INC MS
96. 2 port ACRreg SET2 use baudrate set 2 CASE baudrate OF set requested baudrate 300 port baudreg BAUD300 600 port baudreg BAUD600 1200 port baudreg BAUD1200 2400 port baudreg BAUD2400 4800 port baudreg BAUD4800 9600 port baudreg BAUD9600 19200 port baudreg BAUD19200 end ease baudrate end 3 2 2 return TRUE if char ready FALSE if not FUNCTION ReadPortStat boolean 26 begin ReadPortStat port statusreg and RxRdy lt gt 0 end ReadPortStat m H read a byte from port and it to caller FUNCTION ReadPort char begin REPEAT UNTIL ReadPortStat wait for char bits7 THEN ReadPort chr port datareg and 7F ELSE ReadPort chr port datareg end ReadPort write a byte to port PROCEDURE WritePort thisbyte char begin REPEAT UNTIL port statusreg and TxRdy lt gt 0 IF bits7 THEN port datareg ord thisbyte and 7F ELSE port datareg ord thisbyte end WritePort beyond here is hardware independent M S PROCEDURE SetBaud var baudrate integer var yn char begin writeln write Baud
97. 286E lt R gt order bytes are first when patching words 286E C3 OB lt R gt New XLT 286F FA FB lt R gt ADDRESS 2870 to 2879 No changes 287A 8B 92 lt R gt Change size of ALV 287B F9 lt R gt Done with DPH patch HF7CB CFOQ lt R gt Calculate address of DPB C6CB 28CB It is 28CB S28CB lt R gt 28CB 28 1A lt R gt Change sectors per track 28CC 00 00 lt R gt 28CD 08 03 lt R gt Change block shift 28CE OF 07 lt R gt Change block mask 28CF 01 00 lt R gt Change extent mask 28100 5E F2 lt R gt Change disk size 28D1 00 00 lt R gt 2802 TF 3F lt R gt Change directory size 2803 00 00 lt R gt 2804 CO CO R Alloc 0 happens to be the same 28D5 00 00 lt R gt 28D6 20 10 lt R gt Change check size 2807 00 00 lt R gt 2808 02 02 lt R gt Track offset the same 28D9 00 00 lt R gt 28DA 28 lt R gt Start of DPB for D so stop HF815 CF00XR Calculate position of MTAB CT45 2945 It is at 2915 2945 lt 8 gt 2945 04 84 lt R gt Start patching 2946 22 lt R gt 2947 58 01 lt R gt 2948 05 01 lt R gt 2949 6F BF lt R gt 294A 03 23 lt R gt 294B 05 1A lt R gt 294C 1C 07 lt 8 gt 294D FF lt R gt Done with MTAB patch HFBO8 CFOO lt R gt Calculate position of XLT CA08 2C08 Start patch S2C08 R 2C08 FF OA lt R gt 2C09 B8 1A lt R gt 2COA 00 00 lt R gt 2COB 00 01 lt R gt 2C0C 00 07 lt R gt Continue patching in the XLT until 2C25 00 FF lt R gt End of
98. 3 201 0 249 8 128 4 127 1 97 9 269 0 38 3 938 5 selves to Motorola After all the 68000 had very little software no peripheral chips and no development system And Motorola hadn t clearly defined its future Would cus tomers get stuck with an orphan if they went 68000 During the next quarter Intel gave 50 half day seminars to potential customers and thereby won the positioning battle Mo torola is only now beginning to catch up in the home computer market with new ma chines coming from Amiga Atari ang Ap ple Disk Sale Dysan MT TYPE BOX OF 10 5 SS DD 48 TPI 19 50 5 0 00 48 25 50 5 SS DD 96 TPI 29 50 5 0 00 96 37 50 5 DS DD IBM AT 52 95 23 95 25 50 29 95 Available Soft or Hard Sector For Plastic Case Add 1 25 Box Plus Tax amp Shipping Cash Visa Mastercard COD Integral Systems Corp 2900 H Longmire Drive College Station TX 77840 409 764 8017 8 SS SD 48 TPI 8 SS DD 48 TPI 8 0 00 48 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 83 MSX In The USA By Trey Weaver Msx is a new operating standard for home computers in the U S that speci fies everything down to the physical ad dressing of the I O devices integrated circuits and the size of the cartridge slot Hardware 280 Running at 3 58MHz Memory ROM 32K MSX system soft ware RAM 64K Video Yamaha 9938 video display processor Tape Cassette FSK for
99. 49 95 plus 3 50 shipping and handling 10 overseas to SOFIAID Inc P O Box 2412 Columbia MD 21045 1412 301 792 8096 CALENDAR CLOCK 69 WORKS WITH ANY Z 80 BASED COMPU TER PIGGYBACKS IN 280 SOCKET USES NATIONAL MM58167 CLOCK CHIP AS FEATURED IN MAY 82 BYTE BATTERY BACKUP KEEPS TIME WITH CPU POWER OFF EASY TO USE SOFTWARE INCLUDED TO SET AND READ THE CLOCK IN BDSC JRT PASCAL TURBO PASCAL AND MICROSOFT BASIC WITH ALL SOURCE SOFTWARE IS AVAILABLE ON 8 SSSD 5 XEROX 820 KAYPRO 2 OSBORNE NORTHSTAR CROMEMCO APPLE CP M DISKS AND OVER A MODEM FOR OTHER COMPUTERS PACKAGES AVAILABLE FULLY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED COMPLETE KIT BARE BOARD AND SOFTWARE N Y STATE RESIDENTS ADD 8 SALES TAX MASTERCARD VISA PERSONAL CHECKS MONEY ORDERS PURCHASE ORDERS AND C O D S ACCEPTED KENMORE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES P O Box 635 Kenmore New York 14217 716 877 0617 Coming Soon to a SOG Near You Project X A NEW Single Board Computer with the following features 8MHz or 10 MHz 80186 16 Bit Microprocessor FAST 256K to 1M Zero Wait State DRAM SASI Hard Disk Tape Controller Port 514 Floppy Disk Controller 40 Track 80 Track Single Sided Double Sided and or PC AT Type Up to 4 Any Type PC Type Keyboard Port Peripheral Chips and ROM BIOS Five PC Type Cardslots Pick Your Own Video Card Numeric Co Processor Port PC Motherboard Size 8 5 x 12 Des
100. 659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 Santa Clara CA 95050 408 244 5214 VISA and MASTERCARD telephone orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPROII XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify method of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited Kaypro BIOS Patch By Ray Rizzuto I recently bought a quad density double sided drive and installed it as my A drive leaving my B drive single sided Ihad previously modified my Kaypro for new drives and had been using the Pro 8 ROM for several months Once I had the system all SYSGENed I started transferring information from my single sided disks to the quad drive Trouble Occasionally the drive locked up while accessing the single sided drive I checked out back issues of Micro C and found that someone had written about the same problem Issue 21 Tech Tips I couldn t find the pattern but I did notice that it locked up only on drive B I even had the problem while using Word star to edit a file on drive B Later I surmised that my Kaypro was getting stuck trying to read the back of the single sided drive I put my logic probe on the side select signal E40 dur ing a file transfer and found that the lock up occurred after the system ac cessed the back side of drive A and then tried to write to drive B Although the disk in B is single sided the side select was still
101. 7 Now swap the disk from drive B into drive A press RESET and reboot the system With the 8 drive hooked up and with a formatted disk in it try to pull a directory listing If there are problems reinspect the wiring Use STAT STA TUS INFO or DUU to inspect the disk parameters to confirm they were patched correctly Other Sector Sizes By changing the appropriate locations in MTAB and changing the XLT and DPB to match single density 256 512 and 1024 byte sectors can be supported Formatting The standard Morrow FORMAT COM will not format 8 disks This means you will have to buy formatted disks or use those formatted on another machine One bright note disks formatted with either a 1771 or 1793 will work with the NEC 765 Single density 8 disks are normally sold pre formatted so the lack of a formatter is not usually a problem Double Density 8 The approach used in the Morrow to access the disk is not fast enough to keep up with the higher data rates associated with double density 8 The simple data separator described here will not work for double density anyway Operation After using the 5 drives the 8 incher seems painfully slow and noisy Chang ing the sector size to 1K bytes brings the speed up to parity with the five inchers This modification in conjunction with the use of a multiple format disk pro gram such as Uniform allows maximum interchangeability of software 52 Micro
102. 8 CX LOOP counter MOV SI offset DMA 3SI points to data to output LINES equ 2 slines per page TYPE2 CLD sget a byte from DMA into AL CR equ 64 return LODS DMA equ 11 68 linefeed CMP AL EOF IF character is EOF Z ESC equ C 64 escape 47 5 THEN we are done with file EOF equ 2 64 send of file character TYPE3 MOV DL AL put character into DL for BDOS Define a BDOS instruction to save typing and trees PUSH AX PUSH CX PUSH SI save important registers BDOS CONOUTF output the character CodeMacro BDOS FTNNUM Db POP 1 POP POP restore registers DB 0B1h MOY CL DB FTNNUM CMP AL LF IF character is LineFeed DB 0CDh INT JNZ TYPES DB 22 to BDOS DEC LINECT THEN update line counter ENDM JNZ TYPES CALL done with page THEN wait BDOS functions TYPEN LOOP TYPE2 0 output another CONINF equ 1 sinput from console to register AL RET CONOUTF equ 2 output DL to console PRINTF equ 9 sprint string DX until 044980080000000000000008000000000080090000220005009282000000000020000 0009 OPENF equ 15 open file with FCB READF 20 sequential read from file w FCB 0 wait for character from console then reset LINECT CSEG PAGE PUSH CX PUSH SI save everything important MOY DX offset MORMSG say More START CMP FCBei see if they typed a filename BDOS PRINTF JNZ OPEN BDOS CONINF w
103. 95 256k CO POWER Plus MS DOS 2 11A 649 95 KP 2 84 2x 4 84 10 each additional 256k 80 20 124k CO POWER Plus MS DOS 2 11 789 95 1824k CO POWER Plus MS DOS 2 11A 889 95 KP 2 84 2x 4 84 10 256k CO POWER 88 now just 399 95 Note CO POWER 88 RAM is not expandable DUAL DENSITY Bigboard amp Xerox 820 1 DISKDEF read write 40 CP M disks MODEM for commun DDINIT formatting Optional 2 ATARI ports no additional charge Optional DMA controller Optional bank switched RAM ROM 280a processor 64k RAM 2 Serial Ports l Parallel Port Drive Port runs up to 4 5 1 4 drives Z88 expansion bus Hardware Compact 11 x 5 5 8 Expandable w CO POWER Includes friendly CP M Some utilties are CONFIG Set up system Add the most popular double density system to your computer All you need is a bootable SD CP M disk Features Controller board with 1791 plugs into 1771 socket Changing the IOBYTE customizes system for nearly any printer 8 SSDD storage is up to 674k DSDD is double that 5 1 4 SSDD storage is 188k and DSDD is 374k Includes format and sysgen programs Special features include enhanced pause screen print and clock E c cI HE 1000 W Fuller Ft Worth TX 76115 817 924 7759 A amp T Board w CP M just 349 95 Power Supply amp enclosure extra MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS INC PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY
104. ATIBLE WITH ALL S 100 SYSTEMS RUNNING TURBODOS INTRODUCTORY PRICE 495 F I F O communications Includes TurboDOS drivers a 100 value and TurboSlave with 128k ram 1 P O Box 8067 Fountain Valley CA 92728 TELEX 910 997 6120 EARTH FV FOR MORE INFORMATION AND QUANTITY DISCOUNTS CALL 714 964 5784 Registered trademarks Z 80H Zilog Inc TurboDOS Software 2000 Inc IBM PC VERSION COMING SOON ATTENTION S 100 USERS We d like to introduce you to ADS complete line of S 100 products Octafloppy Disk controller card Handles eight drives 514 8 55 05 amp SD DD Synthetalker Speech synthesis card uses Votrax 01 Promblaster programs 19 different eproms from software And much more Call or write today for more information Ackerman Digital Systems Inc 216 West Stone Court Villa Park IL 60181 312 530 8992 WARNING Do NOT read this flowchart AEAAAHEAAAE HERES g tt 4 44 v Choose a bank Does Start gt and check it gt bank look out t Yes 1 y v i 2 Take the No gt loot and live Get money it up M SHSHAREEREEARERED v getaway Run from rd successful
105. Appendix A not issue 18 Install the Timing Circuit between pin 34 J5 and Pin 1 on the printer connector Get 5 from pin 18 on the printer connector You can wire wrap the Timing Circuit and attach it to the printer cable near 5 with double back tape PRINT QUALITY The print can be made darker it was too light by adding a 10k parallel resistor to the circuit board the resistors on the board are not num bered In the upper left corner of the board Cocos ms ex T You can now control the print intensi ty from very light to reasonably dark Lynn P Smith 3051 Shirley Drive Newbury Park CA 91320 Loading KSTROKES On A 4 84 A few months ago I purchased your Kaypro disk 24 primarily for the KSTROKES program but was dismayed to find it wouldn t run on my Kaypro 4 84 The Micro C techies suggested the problem might be caused by a non standard version of CP M 2 2G I got from Kaypro The problem goes like this originally none of the KSTROKES programs would load Whenever I tried to load one of the KSTRO COM programs I re ceived the message Cannot load KSTROKES reset system and try again The problem is in the value given to the address FBASE in the conditional EQU on lines 18 to 20 in the KSTROKES ASM file Inow havea fix that might help others on line 19 of the KSTROKES ASM file change OE806H to OE606H Make sure you set KAYPRO2 EQU FALSE online7 KAY484 EQU TRUE on line 8 and KAY TEN E
106. B STANDARD CENTRONICS TYPE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT B 2K EPROM WITH AUTO SELECTION FOR BOOTSTRAP FLOPPY OR WINCHESTER 64K 150NS DYNAMIC RAM WITH 128K EXPANSION AVAILABLE 50 PIN SYSTEM EXPANSION BUS WITH 280 TERMS PLUS ADDITIONAL TERMS m REAL TIME CLOCK TENTHS OF SECONDS SECONDS MINUTES DAYS WEEKS m NOT A TOY SERVO USES MIL SPEC OR INDUSTRIAL GRADE PREMIUM PARTS A amp T SERVO 8 COMPUTER 389 FOR CP M ADD 70 VISA MIC COD W CP M V2 2 CBIOS SOURCES 50 INCLUDES WINCHESTER FORMATTER EPROM CBIOS Z80 CODE CONFIGURATION UTILITY TURBO PASCAL CODE SERVO EXPANSION BOARD WITH 128K ADDITIONAL RAM CLOCK CALENDAR WITH BATTERY BACKUP TWO ADDITIONAL SERIAL PORTS 384 B SERVO CONTROL INTERFACE WITH 24 ANALOG INPUTS AND 8 ANALOG OUTPUTS 12 BIT ADC DAC PLUS 16 DIGITAL INPUTS 64 DIGITAL OUTPUTS 495 SERVO COMPUTER CORPORATION 360B N ELLENSBURG ST BOX 566 GOLD BEACH OREGON 97444 503 247 2021 the solder mask to allow connection to the runs When the daughter board is installed check the wiring and reassemble the computer You do not need the modified software to access the 5 drives Jumper Settings For Shugart SA 800 801 The disk drives used with an NEC 765 must have the stepper energized contin uously Therefore be sure that jumper positions HL and DS are open In addi tion the remaining are T1 1T3 T4 T5 T6 DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4 RR HL DS jumper positions PLUGGED
107. Big Board The 8 bit version has fewer changes Some bugs have been fixed in MARK RE LEASE and the overlay handler and several procedure functions have been added Exit exits the current block a cheap GOTO Ovrdrive specifies where overlays reside replaces Y compiler di rective Paramcount returns number of parameters in command tail Param str N returns nth parameter from cmd tail Seekeoln Seekeof skip trail ing whitespace Fourth parameter to BLOCKREAD WRITE returns actual records read Facilities are provided so you can write your own runtime error handler I ve found no significant differences in the speed of compilation or execution between the 8 bit versions 2 and 3 Warning There have been changes in the way that both the CON and TRM devices handle input You may need to modify any programs you have that specifically access these logical devices Pages 260 and 262 of the manual men tion a P compiler option used for pass ing command line parameters when op erating in Memory mode This option is not available in the 8 bit version The manual has grown to over 370 pages and much of the expansion is IBM PC specific This manual has the same consistent quality and detail I have come to expect from Borland Borland will give a 39 95 trade in credit towards the purchase of version 3 0 if you return your original version 2 diskette with your order 59 60 Goodies From Micro Cornucopia
108. C ben ies mH Y 17 17 Mini a diis A M B 28 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS C ing Into Turbo Pascal Soldering The First Steps Eight Inch Drives On The Kaypro Kaypro BIOS Patch Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro 48 Lines On A BBI Adding An 8 SSSD Drive To A Morrow MD 2 Review The Ztime I BDOS Vectors Mucking Around Inside CP M The Pascal Runoff Regular Features The S 100 Bus In The Public Domain C ing Clearly The Xerox 820 Column The Slicer Column The Kaypro Column Pascal Procedures FORTH words On Your Own Technical Tips Culture Corner Future Tense Tidbits 68000 Vrs 80X86 MSX In The USA The Last Page NEW LOWER PRICES NOW IN UNKIT FORM TOO BIG BOARD II 4 MHz 280 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE Q Q un Q D og Qi i Q 795 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED 545 UNKIT 245 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS Jim Ferguson the designer of the Big Board distributed by Digital SIZE 8 75 x 15 5 Research Computers has produced a stunning new computer that POWER 5V 12V 0 1A Cal Tex Computers has been shipping for a year Called Big Board II it has the following features SASI Interface for Winchester Disks Our Big Board II implements the Host portion of the Shugart Associates Systems B
109. CPU TWO RS232 SERIAL PORTS OF TEXAS ALL SALES SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY UPON REQUEST 280 TM OF ZILOG CP M TM OF D R I Digital Research Computers BOX 461565 GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 225 2309 are unfamiliar with our language they make a lot of data entry errors Needless to say the data is rarely checked for ac curacy Thus if you want to avoid problems type your name and address on the sub scriber card or print very clearly and do not write any messages on the card this just confuses the operators If your address label is incorrect don t try dealing with the subscription service Instead write directly to the publisher His or her name and address is usually on or right after the table of contents page Always write to a specific person and complain loudly In Closing For a sample copy of my new maga zine Micro Systems Journal send me 3 cover price is 3 50 and I ll send it out first class You will not have to wait 6 8 weeks A subscription is 18 1 year 6 is sues or 32 2 years 12 issues I like Dave Thompson do not use any pub THE LITTLE BOARD ew OEM INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC SECOND GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 4 MHZ Z80 CPU 64K RAM lisher s gimmicks Dave and I are pub lishers not because we re out to make our first million but because we believe there is a need for our magazines So long
110. D L LL LL LLL LLL DDL LD LSD SIA DD ID LL LLL SI LLL LL LL LLL LL This is the 10 meg used by for Qume Trak 242 8 half ht the PC XT version Standard ST 506 double sided double density interface IN STOCK 0 349 00 659 00 List Sale Price 539 00 COUNTY COMPUTER 714 895 5033 5122 Bolsa Avenue 108 Beach CA 92649 vow DDD DDD DDL DDD DLL LLL GL DD III 203 928 3654 or SUPER SYSTEM 800 2 for Sanyo MBC 550 Will Run The Sanyo Video Board 1395 00 Complete Software Features 100 disk compatibility across MS DOS and PC DOS including ability to read write and format disks from many computers inclu ASCII Screen Dump program Certificate to purchase a top selling data base Personal Pearl savings of 200 00 Personal Pearl is a product Wordstar Easywriter Calcstar Sanyo Basic of Pearlsoft Inc 928 6555 PLUS FREE Clock Calendar Board 139 95 Value Plus Free Vidco Display Monitor 125 00 Value Plus Free 256K of Memory 120 Value Hardware Features ding Operates asa standard 555 2 witht the IBM PC the DEC Rainbow and Tandy Vb Dd dE 2000 Flip a switch and run your Super Sanyo System Built in RAM disk program offering disk with dual 811K drives access which is hundreds of times faster than floppies Works with Sanyo s New Video Graphics Board SortDir program to
111. EN VISA f MasterCard j MICROCode Consulting Department M2 Box 9001 Torrance CA 90508 9001 213 212 5877 24 hour recorder 10 CALL WREN AND SAVE _ mum 02 Dysan DISKS mmm CORPORATION e 5 SSDD Dysan 2 30 Disk Mailers y 5 4 DSDD Dysan 2 95 10 for 5 00 P 8 SSDD Dysan 3 10 100for 40 00 8 DSDD Dysan 3 50 5 or 8 m PRINTERS Mate 20 IBM color 180CPS 229 182 8 5 120 CPS 229 182 S SER 8 5 120 CPS 269 X 83A S amp P 13 6 Carr 120 CPS 529 e 84P P 13 6 Carr 200 CPS 669 N 84 13 6 200 CPS 770 of 192P 8 5 160 CPS 379 1925 S 8 5 Carr 160 CPS 449 193P P 13 2 Carr 160 CPS 585 1935 13 2 Carr 160 CPS 660 2410P P 13 6 Carr 350 CPS 1829 2410 13 6 Carr 350 CPS 1889 DRIVES MPI 51 90 Tandon 65 2 135 MPI 91S 105 Tandon 65 4 155 MPI 925 105 Tandon 100 1 150 MPI 102 105 Tandon 100 2 128 _ MPI 502 98 Tandon 100 3 99 Toshiba 0202 98 Tandon 100 4 99 Alps AP 68 IBM 105 Tandon 848 1E 292 Shugart SA 460 105 Tandon 848 2E 375 Shugart 860 180 Teac 55B 129 CALL TOLL FREE 1 800 543 WREN except Ohlo 513 931 7160 E Minimum Order 30 00 nain TARBELL S DUAL CPU 80186 Z80H DOES A LOT MORE 880 Reynard Cincinnati Ohio 45231 e Runs PC DOS CP M 80 CP M 86 and CCP M 86 e Floppy interface 8 and 5 inch e Two CPU s 80186 and Z80H both at
112. EROX we wa we we we we we we A9 we ee po 9 ve 9 wa so wo wo ve wo we 9 9 we we we wp we we e 9 we wo 9 we we 9 99 we we wa we we wa we we 9 9 99 c9 End of Listing Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 41 Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro By Eric J Torney Micro Cornucopia Issue 16 contained a letter asking about alternative power supply requirements for a Kaypro I read this with interest since my electricity had been off for three days straight I can read by the light of a kerosene lantern and the fire burns whether or not there is electricity I was ready to work but my Kaypro just gave me a blank stare Your note about a battery powered Kaypro stuck in my mind all through the rest of the year and just in the past few weeks the power failed again I immedi ately ordered 12 volt 5 amp 5 volt 5 amp and 12 volt 1 amp voltage regula tors I scrounged around through the basement to see what I had on hand some 12 gauge romex house wire with three conductors some aluminum sheet metal from an old panel a metal electri cal box some wire nuts miscellaneous pieces of wire wire clamps two heat sinks a matched 4 conductor plug set disk drive power type and miscellane ous hardware and capacitors OO Be Getting Started I hooked up a charger to my old boat battery and then got to work designing a battery backup power su
113. Iassembled the kit which includes the PC board all parts instruction manual and support software on an 8 disk It was easy and took about an hour The only thing that confused me was the val ue of the capacitors They re marked with the industry standard but that s Greek to me Luckily an EE friend was nearby to translate When I finished the assembly I un plugged the Z80 from my Xerox 820 II and plugged it into the clock board Then I plugged the clock board into the Z80 socket on the computer I turned the system on booted so far so good and ran the date configure pro gram to modify DATE COM and SET DATE COM to the physical address port to which the clock is tied Then I ran SETDATE COM to set the time From that point on I had a battery backed real time clock It s been running for over a month and it s lost only two minutes about 20 seconds a week Editor s note If you find those two minutes you ve lost please save them You never know when you ll need a couple of extra minutes Enhancements Kenmore Computer Technologies claims a variable capacitor can be in 185 Hillcrest Amherst NY 14226 stalled and adjusted to improve the ac curacy to within 8 seconds a month I haven t tried it Kenmore supports 8 single density Kaypro Osborne and Xerox If you have some other format you can get support software via modem They also plan to develop and support system specific programs which i
114. L P11 U50 P1 P13L U38P12 character address reassign PQ U37P5L U36P3L LC5 P10L U21P6 P11L U23P9 P12L U21P2 P5 U10P13L P10L U49 P3 P9 U22P11L scroll register re wire P3 U49 P2 P6 U83P6 P7 U36P2L P11 U48P5L P1IL P12 U37P2 P2L U35PT P3L U37P5L U22P9 P8 P11 P10 UJ8P6 P11 P8 P12 P1L U37P 2 P15L U37P3 P2 U36P12 U36P1L P3 U36P15L LC5 P5L U36P3L U22P9 P6 U51P10 P10L U5O P P12 U21P13L NO CHANGE P1 U49 Pl P2 U5OPAL P4 P5 P8 114LS138 MEMORY ENABLES Listing continued CHECKS Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 47 Windowing for CP M 49 95 Basic Compiler MTBASIC Features Multitasking Windowing Handles interrupts Interactive Fast native code Compiles quickly Floating point No runtime fee MTBASIC is a true native code compiler It runs Byte s Sept 81 sieve in 26 seconds interpreters take over 1400 seconds Because MTBASIC is multitasking it can run up to 10 Basic routines at the same time while displaying ten separate windows Pop up down menus are a snap to implement The MTBASIC package includes all the necessary software to run in interpreter or compiler mode an installation program so any system can use windowing three demonstration programs and a comprehensive manual AVAILABLE for CP M Z 80 MS DOS and PC DOS systems ORDERING Specify format when ordering We accept Visa MC checks and COD Send
115. ODEM compatible telecommunications CP M system utilities games and more A nationwide BDS C User s Group 10 membership fee application included with package that offers a newsletter BDS C updates and access to public domain C utilities Ease of Use Excellent InfoWorld Software Report Card superior buy Van Court Hare in Lifelines The Software Magazine BYTE Magazine placed BDS C ahead of all other 8080 280 C compilers tested for fastest object code execution with all available speed up options in use In addition BDS C s speed of compilation was almost twice as fast as its closet competitor benchmark for this test was the Sieve of Eratosthenes Don t waste another minute on a slow language processor Order your BDS C Compiler today Complete Package two 8 SSSD disks 181 page manual 150 Free shipping on prepaid orders inside USA COD s rush orders accepted Call for information on other disk formats Bo ware BDS C is designed for use with CP M 80 operating systems version 2 2 or higher It is not currently available for CP M 86 or MS DOS BD Software Inc P O Box 2368 Cambridge MA 02238 617 576 3828 C ing Clearly By Gary Entsminger C ing Clearly will take a slight detour this time from its usual path to examine computer recreation with a practical twist Next trip we ll return to C ing seri ously Two subjects T
116. PUTE LAST POSITION BE CLEARED CHAR MEMORY sHL ATTRIBUTE MEMORY STORE A BLANK IN LAST STORE ATTRIB IN LAST yDEC BYTECOUNT RETURN OF DONE ELSE SAVE POINTERS FILL LINE WITH ATTRIB yRESTORE POINTERS sFILL LINE WITH SPACES 71 EDITORIAL continued from page 1 sign and software which are scheduled to run in the July and August issues of Byte The board called the DSI 32 DSI stands for Definicon Systems Inc will be sold as a kit which when assembled will plug into and run with any IBM PC XT or AT clone The 32032 will run un der MS DOS so you can use WordStar to write your source code then compile assemble and run your software under the 32032 All the data files will be com pletely PC compatible He will be selling two kits 1 For 995 you can purchase a 6MHz version complete with floating point processor 256K of RAM and a selection of public domain software 2 For 1495 you get the 10MHz kit with a floating point processor 1 meg of RAM and the public domain software Trevor says that the 6MHz version of the 32032 is really loafing at 8MHz Na tional rates them at 6MHz so it can sell the more expensive 10MHz parts so we will have to look at a speedup mod for the slower boards Micro C continues as the magazine for speed freaks The public domain software includes the Small C compiler and a Pascal P code interpreter C Fortran and Pascal are the com mercial compi
117. QU FALSE on line 9 Then assem ble and load this source file to get KSTROKES COM Fixing the COM file with DDT is possible but tedious as FBASE is used to define several other ad dresses in the source file and finding ev erything with DDT takes a while Richard M Warner 430 O Keefe Apt 210 Palo Alto CA 94303 2140 Z time For BBII The Z time calendar clock from Ken more Computer Technologies works fine on a Xerox 820 but when I hooked it up to my Big Board II no go I contacted Dave Schnabel at KCT and he suggested the following fix 1 Remove PAL U23 from its socket and bend out pin 8 which is the signal NOT BIORQ 2 Connect a short piece of wire about 4 5 inches to pin 8 of PAL U23 Replace the PAL in its socket or better yet con nect the piece of wire to the bent out pin 8 of a second 20 pin socket Replace the PAL in the new socket with the flying lead and plug the entire assembly into the existing socket for U23 on the BBII 3 Connect the other end of the wire to the pad labeled B in the NOT IORQBRD line on the KCT board 70 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 4 Jumpers are also required from pad A to the unmarked pad in the NOT IORQBRD line and from pad C to the unmarked pad in the NOT RDBRD line all on the KCT board This whole process takes about five minutes A remarkable piece of silicon the 58167 chip used in the KCT board makes for a very accurate calendar clock w
118. S Matsushita EAS4P15SA 8a 15 8 2 00 2 00 1 95 NEW Remex 25 height with full height face IT 15 10 00 plate 48 40 track doublesided May Me EMS LED HOLDERS be used in place of TM 100 2 80 TRW 403A117 3 24 V 5600 RPM 7 50 Siemens 2004 9019 Right Angle 10 1 00 NEW jr cad JA551 2N Canon EN35 TAOTZ1A 12VDC E 200 10 00 el 1 x 40 eee ent double sided 124 3400 RPM 12 g cm 110 ma 10 00 TERMINALS Wyse 100 195 00 NEW TEAC FD55B half height 48 40 track STEPPER MOTORS LINE FILTER FUSE HOLDER Combination 6 msec double sided Power 12 Copal Electric SH 65 40 60n 12 V 1 8 2 6J4F1881 25 typ 9 38A typ 139 for Shugart 8 Drives 7 50 MONITORS Osborne 5 Green Screen 35 00 C s SCN2652A Signetics 15 00 MM 5318 Clock Circuit 4 50 8086 22 00 2708 1024x8 EPROM 2 50 5330 6 00 8088 22 00 Available for immediate delivery 2716 450ns 3 50 MM 5370 6 00 81LS97 Octal 3 state buffer 1 25 F 8 Single Chip Microcomputer 1 00 2732 3 300ns 4 00 MM 5375AA 450 8202 15 00 8237 5 18 00 1010 1 00 10158 2 00 2764300 5 00 5375 450 8212 1 00 8278 10 00 10102 1 00 10160 2 00 27128 300ns 16 00 6522 Periph InterfaceAdapt 6 00 8216 1 50 8284A 5 00 10104 1 00 10161 2 00 2758 1024x8 EPROM 54 only 3 50 62641 12 Bkx8Siat 120nstestediesotered 6 00 8251 4 00 600 10106 1 50 10162 2 00 2901 bit slice microprocessor 3 50 6545
119. TES ARE SPECIFIC TO THE CPM FOR KAYPRO 11 4 1 Asseable the code above using ASM or MAC The FB55 LISTST EDU BIOS 155H output will be KPPATCH HEX Note that this file has all 0 SELDSK EQU BIOS 180H text cosaented out 50 it should asseable without editing BIOSO BOOT COLD BOOT 2 Use SYSGEN to get a copy of CP M in semory do this insert a disk containing both SYSGEN and DDT into drive A Then type FA2D 810315 EQU BIOS 3 15 FALB 81059 EQU 105 3 9 SYSGEN FA2D ORG 810515 Put juap to patch here FA2D 9 JMP PATCH When SYSBEN proapts with FALB ORG 81059 SOURCE DRIVE OR RETURN TO SKIP FAIB C3FAF9 JMP DSKPAT IF YOU HAVE TWO OR MORE KAYPROS THEY SHOULD TALK amp MORROWs OR XEROX 820 15 ALL IN THE SAME OFFICE CONNECT THEM WITH THE LAN ROVER The ADEVCO LAN Rover is a full feature Local Area Net work system which enables KAYPRO CP M computers to work together Information from disk drives including hard disks can be exchanged with other computers as many as 60 computers on a network TRANSFER FILES TO OR FROM REMOTE DISK DRIVES AND USE OTHER PRINTERS OVER 3 000 FEET AWAY FULL SECURITY AVAILABLE WITH ENCODED PASSWORDS AND USER PRIVILEGES FIELD PROVEN TECHNOLOGY IN OVER 1000 INSTALLATIONS Each system includes hardware software cabling full documentation and network management tips The LAN Rov
120. ach stroke After you reach the green the display shifts to show details of the green and flag For one to four players DUCK is an offshoot of aliens pardon the pun Hunter tries to shoot down the ducks while ducks try to bomb the hunter Much fairer than real life CASTLE is an adventure in which you select your attributes strength dexterity and intelligence and you getto purchase arms and protection Great documentation and a very interesting game KSTROKES is a keyboard translator similar to Smartkey Bill Forbes did an excellent job creating this program You can create and save translation files on disk The program even includes a table which generates WordStar commands from the KayPro s keypad You can define 8 keystrokes at up to 63 characters each KayPro Disk K25 Z80 Macro Assembler KayPro Disk K26 EPROM Programmer amp Character Editor KayPro Disk K27 Typing Tutor A complete typing tutor for beginners and experts Written in Australia it comes complete with source This was customized for KayPro 11 4 and 10 by Barry Cole of WLAKUG The documentation says you can learn to touch type in 8 hours probably a little longer for mortals KayPro Disk K28 Modem 730 KayPro Disk K29 Turbo Pascal Games 1 With Source KayPro Disk K30 Turbo Pascal Games 11 With Source KayPro Disk K31 Turbo Bulletin Board Complete Bulletin Board Package for only 12 KayPro Disk K32 Forth 83 Muc
121. added The imported systems should be able to run all software ROM cassette or disk based and all acces sories interchangeably This interchangeabil ity is one of the reasons it has been so difficult for MSX to support new processors MSX will continue support of the Z80 but manu facturers are also looking at the Intel and Mo torola worlds It s likely that a standard plug in board could contain a very powerful co processor and yet the board could be plugged into any MSX system 84 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 SOG IV The Technical Conference For The Whole Family It s registration time again and this year s Semi Official Get together will be grander than ever Like last year there will be two days of top notch technical presentations sandwiched between two days of fun This year however there will be more things to build more sessions to attend not that the schedule wasn t full last year and special events Friday and Saturday for non technical family members SOG is being held at Central Oregon Community College in Bend Oregon The dates are Thursday July 25 through Sunday July 28 Free Conferences Friday and Saturday Two full days of free technical conferences demonstrations workshops and forums plus the new product displays and swap meet You ll have a great opportunity to exchange ideas with the Micro C editorial and technical staff columnists as well as other leader
122. ait for a character MOV LINECT 1 MOV DX offset INFO IF no filename CMP AL CR IF CR THEN just show 1 more line BDOS PRINTF THEN give command line syntax 2 RETF and return to CCP MOV LINECT LINES 1 ELSE show an entire new page OPEN MOV DX offset FCB attempt to open the file 1 MOV DX offset COVER erase More BDOS OPENF BDOS PRINTF CMP AL 255 3255 if unsuccessful POP SI POP CX restore everything JNZ TIPEFILE RET MOV DX offset NOFILE IF we can t open 0808800000000000040008006000000808000 00000000800 0000 00020 00000OORREN00E BDOS PRINTF THEN say so RETF and return to CCP DSEG ORG 5Ch type out the file 24 lines at time FCB RB 36 default CP M FCB TIPEFILE ORG 80h MOV LINECT LINES 1 reset line count DMA RB 128 sdefault DMA address TYPE1 MOV DX offset FCB jread a record from the file ORG 100h BDOS READF LINECT RB 1 OR AL 0 see if EOF yet INFO DB Usage MORE d fid ext JNZ DONE NOFILE DB tFile does not exist CALL 28 IF not THEN type these 128 chars MORMSG DB CR ESC B0 More ESC CO JMPS 1 and go get some more COVER DB CR DONE RETF done with file go back to CCP END 80 the best software buy in America Now available in MS DOS MICROSYSTEMS Other technically respected publications like Byte In reviews published worldwide the amazing 49 95 and Dr Dobb s have similar praise for The Software C 80 from The Software Toolworks has cons
123. ake floppy copies with only one floppy drive by using the winchester as a uffer BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies Joins the copies to recreate the original file MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive Many features MAKE MOVE PIP like utilities that make it easy to move files between user areas SWEEP The famous disk cleanup and transfer routine that does just about everything you can do with TYPE ERA DIR and PIP UNSQ This is the latest greatest file unsqueezer Enter UNSQ and it will check every file on the disk All squeezed files will be unsqueezed USERS DISK 22 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers bool eans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation USERS DISK 23 Xerox Utilities This disk contains Xerox specific utilities including a screen dump fromWayne Sugai with source modi fications for the SWP package including ZCPR a new monitor and a clock calendar from Mitch Mlinar and Jim Mayhugh s new monitor see issue 19 A very special disk for Xeroxers USERS DISK 24 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter printer graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber
124. al CTC3 1 27 decimal Programming a channel consists of writing two words to the appropriate port The value applies only to the spe cific channel addressed The first word is a byte value as shown in Figure 3 The second word if any is the time constant value selected The Trigger bit value applies only to timer mode and tells how to start the timer Usually automatic start is se lected unless the interval timer must start at a prescribed time or event AND something is connected to the CLK TRIG pin The Reset bit is only 0 when re pro gramming an operating channel but I won t go into that here Figure 3 Programming bit T WORD1 I 6 M where I nterrupt M ode P rescalar E dge T rigger C onstant R eset V ector O 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 The Vector bit is 1 when programming a channel and is ONLY 0 for Channel 0 when setting the interrupt vector for the Z80 IM2 mode It is possible to complete the Xerox ex ample with the actual bit assignments assuming that the IM2 vector has al ready been set In the example using CTCa and CTCb Xerox assigned CTC2 to CTCa and CTC3 to CTCb The first word is sent to CTC2 which is the 256 pre scaled timer with a value of 105 for the counter MVI A 27H lt which is 00100111 binary OUT 1A lt send to CTC2 port MVI A 105 lt the counter value in decimal OUT 1 send this to 2 too The value of 105 is clear but what abou
125. al application What data structures should be used Implementation is covered in Chapter 5 This involves a detailed discussion of FORTH programming style the naming conventions screen layouts comment ing load blocks etc On this controver sial subject Brodie makes several good points but relies too heavily on the pro grammer s ability to choose short yet useful names Factoring is the topic of Chapter 6 This is the art of breaking your program into useful fragments separating the re usable parts from the unique Chapter 7 deals with the data stack and execution states Brodie presents a simple stack helpsheet He suggests methods to keep the data and return stacks clean and how to avoid using var iables His DOER MAKE construct dem lt COME SEE AND HEAR 7415 Leahy Road New Carrollton MD 20784 onstrates one approach to vectoring exe cution and using state tables Brodie feels that control structure us age should be minimized and tells why in Chapter8 He suggests using decision tables instead of CASE statements I use both and find that using CASE is often easier than designing a decision table Wrapping Up Thinking FORTH is unique in the soft ware industry and I commend Brodie for his approach The text elegantly demonstrates the power of FORTH how to approach a problem using FORTH and how to write code that can be read and debugged This is one text that should be in everyone s library T
126. ame This modification is simple and highly recommended before you tackle 48 lines I work from the top of the board by lifting pins and soldering jumpers to the ICs themselves This is fast and revers ible but it requires a temperature con trolled soldering iron Assuming you have a fully socketed BBI the will and the equipment you can make this modification Preliminary Instructions Il describe which pins to lift and which connections to make by using a table beginning with U10 and working from the front to the back of the board As you go you ll find many of the changes have already been done So the table is only about half as long as it looks Any pin which needs to be lifted pulled out of the socket will be flagged with an Connections are shown by oetween entries The piggyback chips get the same U numbers as the chips be neath them but the piggyback s number has an apostrophe appended to it If you re fast at stripping hook up wire you can make these changes in an evening 24 Lines Interlaced Piggyback a 74LS157 U50 connect ing pins 8 and 16 only This chip is now U50 If you follow Figure 1 and you re lucky you ll have adjustable interlace Set the pot so the scan lines just disap pear in the middle of the screen 48 Lines The real pay off to interlace is to use every scan line and display 48 lines of text You ll need to add more video memory and change the characte
127. ap Up So far we ve received several CP M MS DOS file transfer programs and should have one ready to release to the public domain real soon There are also new CP M and MS DOS disks just around the corner so stay tuned Meanwhile IBM s stock is slipping and several new boards look really inter esting Trevor s new 32032 based board has me jumping It looks like we re going to be building some dyna mite systems here this summer At SOG Trevor Marshall will be holding four sessions on this 32 bit chip which is about as powerful as the DEC VAX 11 750 so come to Bend and see what s building Inside CP M 27 95 US Can Mex 37 95 Other foreign This is one of the best books on CP M It covers the whole spectrum of users from novice to guru There are a few books that include more programming examples but none work better for the whole range of users and this book is perfect for reference use Micro C s copy of Inside CP M is showing definite signs of overuse Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 CO POWE We ve just added new features amp reduced prices 1024k RAM MS DOS and RAMDISK just 78995 models We now have a one megabyte CO POWER Plus Like CO POWER 88 it is an 8088 add on 16 bit coprocessor for many CP M computers CO POWER Plus expands from 256k to 1024k RAM You can get all 1024k at once or add it 256k at a time CO POWER lets you upgrade without sacrificin
128. ar the ideas that go through this office in one week It s an incredible experience like rummaging through the universe s possibilities box if not better GENERAL UTILITIES PACKAGE Drives Every day two or three people call to ask what kinds of drives I recommend Well I lean toward the cheapest drives there is a lot of abject poverty in my re cent past We have a lot of drives around Micro and use most of them daily We have a lot of Tandons from the original Kay pros but most of them now occupy shelf space We have a lot of Japanese drives and all of them have been good some of them outstanding You know Shugarts are now made in Japan by Panasonic and I understand the latest Tandons are made somewhere over there Anyway rate our drives for you Please understand that there is more fantasy in this than fact look I m an edi tor and this is an editorial so it s only reasonable I ve set an absolute range of 0 to 10 with only a few excursions The Ratings TEAC A bit noisy but really de pendable I ve run some of these for over a year and they haven t flinched The da ta connectors on the 55 series are back wards from other drives but that s usu ally just a nuisance They rate an 8 5 Mitsubishi Generally quiet and quite solid Rate a 9 Shugart Very quiet flawless per continued next page Rolland Management Systems Utilities Package offers maximum access to files for CP M use
129. atic power on reset I in creased C141 from 68uF to 150uF and the job was done There is no reason why the same effect couldn t be achieved by increasing R48 instead but the capacitor is easier to get to Hal Vikks Address Withheld by Request Ringing Your Bell And The following suggestions will get the bell working in dual density mine on ly worked in single density and will put the Olivetti PR2300 printer on line with improved print quality BELL If you can t ring your bell in dual density try the bell circuit in Micro TECHNICAL TIPS C Issue 13 pg 36 it works fine in sin gle density Then add a jumper from TB1 8 or pin 10 U111 to pin 2 trig of the 555 The bell should now work in both single and double density Evidently dual density uses pin 10 bit 4 instead of pin 9 bit 5 of the system PIO and oppositelogic as well Thelogic to ring the bell is Pin 9 Pin 10 Single Density Lo to Hi Hiz Dual Density HiZ Hi to Lo PRINTER The Olivetti PR2300 has worked reliably for many months the print quality is so so Ink ampules have been hard to find but it s fast and very quiet The SWP printer driver supplied with dual density works well and the Paral lel Printer Cable connections and jump ers from Appendix A may be used as shown with one modification you must add a Timing Circuit to the STROBE IN line such as the one in Issue 18 pg 57 Use the jumper connections shown in
130. atures than I could describe in two columns so I ll just talk about the important ones The first thing I do in the InitPort rou tine is turn off all interrupts This is done by sending a byte ofall 05 to the Interrupt Mode Register IMR Each bitin theIMR indicates that the 5 2681 should gener ate an interrupt on a certain condition Interrupts would just cloud the issue so for now I m not using them SE ILL ST MERERETUR DNE ES LEON GEGEND CER IR NND ST CT 24 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 B After turning off the interrupts I set the number of bits character stop bits and type of parity These and other modes are controlled by the SC2681 s two mode registers These registers are accessed by first setting the mode pointer to mode register 1 with a com mand sent to the command register then outputting the two mode bytes in sequence to the mode register Finally I set the baud rate This in volves two steps selecting the baud rate set and then selecting the baud rate within that set The function of all the registers is covered in the SC2681 spec sheet you received a copy with your Slicer soI won t go into any more detail here Due to time limitations I chose to hardwire all of the initialization except for the baud rate But the stop bits etc could all be set when running the pro gram just like baud rate I leave this en hancement as an exercise for the
131. ble 8 ssososoncanusse 30 GOflWaTG scccracccccccsccavccccccvcceccsssesccecess 36 58 88 512 8A 51274 8 5 Multiplexer 149 Xerox Bigboard Host Epic zeccccscncccccccsece 95 4 Run 8 5 1 4 drives simultaneously Western Digital 1002 05HDO esee sess 295 39 Tech Info 214 272 5724 gt TOLL FREE ORDER LINE 1 800 223 3742 Store Hours TERMS Master Card Visa American Express add 3 service charge Allow 10 days for 9 6 M F 9 1 Sat checks 4 00 Minimum UPS charge 1 65 for COD Texas Residents 6 1 8 Sales Tax 12 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 In The Public Domain By Sol Libes me crazy I m back in the maga zine publishing biz something I swore I would never do again After Ziff Davis closed Microsystems magazine I was de pressed for weeks Countless letters and phone calls from subscribers there were over 31 000 plus another 25 000 news stand made me feel even worse Every one kept urging me to start it up again I kept remembering what my wife Lennie and I went through when we started Microsystems in late 1979 and I thought No not again After all we wanted to live normal lives But there has been something missing from my life the last several months The passing of Microsystems left a void There was no other magazine catering to advanced mi cro users the way Microsystems did Ziff Davis would not sell Microsys tems
132. cal for writing a hardware control program and I would agree if this were any old Pascal But it s not Turbo has a predefined array of type BYTE called port This is the programmer s gate way to the 8086 I O space It works very simply to output a byte to an I O port just use the Statement port x y To input a value from a port use z port x Using Turbo Pascal and the port array makes writing I O type routines trivial and allows you to easily add lots of bells and whistles since you have all those predefined procedures for positioning the cursor formatting output etc I have used this feature of Turbo exten sively for experimenting with new chips and have found it nearly invaluable I al most always convert the final result to assembly language and put it in ROM but Turbo shortens the investigation stage quite a bit SHIP includes the standard Big Four routines of interfacing initializa tion read write and status Other than these four procedures the rest of the program is totally hardware independ ent This means that I can compile and run it without modification on the Slicer under CP M 86 or MS DOS and I have to change only four procedures to run it on my Big Board Details Of The Quest Before blindly spitting characters out a you must set it up for the mode of operation you want to use bits charac ter stop bits interrupts etc The SC2681 has more modes and fe
133. ce See your Kaypro dealer for a demonstration For Kaypro 2 84 2X 4 84 4E 4X 10 12X and Roble Make your KAYPRO computer IBM PC compatible for 29 95 READ WRITE and FORMAT more than 25 different types of disks including IBM PC DOS MS DOS with d Are you tired of trying to find your favorite software package in Kaypro format Would you like to use your Kaypro generated Wordstar files dBase Il data and spreadsheet files on the IBM PC at work and vice versa Do you want to trade public domain software with a friend who owns an Osborne MEDIA MASTER gives your Kaypro instant access to program and data files in over 25 disk formats including Now available for the IBM PC 75 formats just 39 95 Osborne SD amp DD LNW 80 w Int Term Xerox 820 1 SD IBM PC DOS 1 0 amp up TRS 80 with Omikron CP M Cromemco CDOS SSDD Xerox 820 Il DD IBM PC DOS 2 0 amp up TRS 80 w Memory Merchant Cromemco CDOS SSSD Zenith Z90 IBM CP M 86 TRS 80 IV with TI Professional CP M 86 DEC VT180 Morrow MD2 Heath 2100 Actrix NEC PC 8001A Systel II Heath w Magnolia CP M Lobo Max 80 Kaypro Il Now available for Kaypro 2 and II other models soon ORDERING INFORMATION Include 3 per order for postage handling Overseas airmail add 510 California residents add 6 tax LA County add 6 5 place COD or credit card orders 29 Call TOLL FREE 24 hours 800 824 7888 Ask for Operator 409
134. dard Version of TLC Logo Deluxe Version of TLC Logo Special Color Board and Deluxe TLC Logo 299 95 199 95 A NEW DIMENSION FOR KAYPRO COMPUTERS Color Graphics Board Features 16 colors 32 sprites 256x192 bit mapped graphics 16K of RAM on the color board itself allows creation of graphics without losing internal memory of the Kaypro Software includes 3 editors drivers and routines to access graphic system Utilities include screen dump to disk and printer Dual screen operation features internal Kaypro screen for text and commands external graphics screen for results A TV set can be used with addition of RF Modulator Color board Kaypro II 4 2 84 2X 4 84 10 amp Robie INSTANT GRAPHER 2 1 For use with Color Graphics Board Creates bar charts stacked bar charts hi low line graphs from keyboard Perfect Calc CalcStar or text files Single and Double size dumpscreen to printer each color prints a different pattern on a standard dot matrix printet 509 00 40 00 SUPPLY STORE SPECIALS Mag e Disks SSD 20 00 box of 10 DSDD 24 00 box of 10 100 SSDD Bulk 160 00 These are great disks You will love them We haverun the SSDD on DSQD without a problem 64k Dynamic RAM Chips 200NS TMS 9918 Color Chip amp Crystal Infocom ADVENTURE Games Kaypro or CP M 8 Available 4 Deadline 4 Starcross 4 Suspended 2 Wi 2 Planetfall Enchanter Sorcerer Seastalker Cutthroats Hitchhikers LEVELS 1 Jr
135. de above as a library file An unstructured ASCII file possible redirection with second argument sectors per track block shift actually 3 log 2 block size in k s one less than the block count on disk allocation field for directory blocks reserved AL shr i AND 1 disksize blocksize DSM 1 reserved write M J Disk size disksize k s FOR i reserved TO DSM DO disksize disksize bloeksize mem allocptr i div 8 shl i mod 8 AND 80 shr 7 With a little gymnastics even Pascal can speak hex better than Post Office anyway The address here is noteworthy I would ordinarily use the 80H junk area for this sort of work but Turbo won t let me It writes over that convenient dumping ground from 80 20 on ward This can be quite disconcerting if you are using BIOS read and write func tions Extracting Directory Info Move the DMA address to some area first strip off parity bits UPCASE works Wordstar maybe Listing continued on page 7 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 in free memory and you can extract di rectory information and read tracks sectors and the like with abandon Leave the DMA at 80H and you ll either become hopelessly hung up or find you ve just crashed back into the operat ing system To load a COM file CP M puts the command line arguments into a string beginning at address 82H in the default memory area Unli
136. e 60H This is even document ed in the user s guide vers 5 rev 1 page 56 I eliminated these extra NULLs thus clearing up my messy displays by sim TECHNICAL TIPS ply changing the source code back to its original condition adding 80H to the last character in message strings and then reassembling it You could also either change the string terminating character from 80H to OAOH space bit 7 set HI or replace the character ROM to alle viate the problem my character ROM is labeled 81 146 Joe Fitzpatrick 257 W Laurel Drive Altadena CA 91001 Cheating Linefeed Borland s TLIST COM program the one that comes with Turbo Pascal will print without the extra linefeed per page if you fool it with a page length directive on the top line of your program listing Put PL65 one line less than the actu al page length for 11 paper on the first line and TLIST behaves quite properly Joseph Mortensen 4214 Chelsea Court Midland MI 48640 BBII ROM Monitor Fix The Big Board II contains an error in the ROM monitor that will drive word processing users crazy Likewise any program that uses Clear To End Of Line or Clear To End Of Screen will experience the same trouble The two Clear functions erase the da ta but they also can reverse the video attribute creating stripes When you re editing in WordStar for instance you can get reverse video patches all over the screen during editing Figu
137. e first for all DWs For a full discussion of these parame ters see Digital Research s CP M 2 2 Ref erence Manual DPH Patch The DPH must be patched to show the address for the new XLT and the size of the ALV must be increased by 7 to ac count for the larger number of 1K sectors used in 8 SD Since the CSV space is larger than needed we can steal from it for the ALV This will change the CSV address in the DPH from F98B to F992 F98B 7 The new XLT address to be put into the DPH is the address of the first sector in the new table Since the first three bytes in the XLT are used for identifica tion and table length the first byte be gins at FBOB FB08 3 in this example Be sure and use the value you found for your system in place of FB08 MTAB Patch Morrow packs a lot of information about the disk drives in the table entitled MTAB Take a look at the distribution copy of the BIOS that came with your machine You will note that there are 9 bytes for each drive Figure 6 shows what these bytes become for SD 8 If you wish to change the constants for different step rates for example refer to a 765 or 8272 data sheet Remember that the switch to the 8 drive occurs after all the head positioning Therefore SRT HUT and HLT should be figured for a 4 MHz clock rate Making The Patches The symbol R signifies pressing RE TURN Use SYSGEN to create the disk image of the CBIOS shown in Figure
138. e Lunch Box If the original BDOS vector is D406 as in Figure 5 the RSE would change the vector to C406 Programs that dynami cally allocate storage space WordStar Perfect Writer and others will check the new BDOS vector and determine how much TPA there is so they won t crash into the presumed BDOS Turbo Pascal compiled programs won t do this auto matically They merely assume that the BDOS is still in whatever location it was in during compilation Since C406 is obviously not the real BDOS any program trying to JMP to the BDOS would get into trouble unless pro vision is made to redirect the jump to the real BDOS This must be done by the RSE itself What actually happens is that whena program jumps to the fake BDOS address the RSE usually contains a JMP instruction at that address to the real BDOS unless it does what the BDOS was supposed to do OK back to the fly in the ointment Since we have a fake BDOS vector our offset of 800H no longer applies to the CCP and our offset of E00H no longer continued on page 65 REPAIR SERVICE XEROX 820 1 1 SYSTEMS BIGBOARD PC BOARDS CUSTOM PROTOTYPE WORK NEW USED 820 EQUIPMENT DISK DRIVES CASES PWR SUPPLIES LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS IBM PC BOARDS CALL FOR PRICE LIST THE DATA MILL 12 CRESCENT CT MONTGOMERY IL 60538 812 892 6573 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Figure 1 Figure 2 Base Page 0000H proc
139. e classes of register transfer instructions load store push pull and pop into one single class MOVE Variations of MOVE can transfer 8 16 or 32 bit data by sim ply changing a suffix For example the instructions to add 16 bit numbers MOVE W VALUE1 DO Get first value ADD W VALUE2 DO Add 2nd to 1st MOVE W DO RESULT Store result could be changed to add 8 bit MOVE B ADD MOVE B or 32 bit numbers Compatibility The 68000 was designed to interface directly to the 6800 line of 8 bit peripher als in order to utilize existing circuits A MOVIP instruction moves either 16 32 bits of any register to a port in 8 bit chunks ti Micro C Staff Showdown 68000 Vrs 80286 The 68000 and the 80286 are both speedy 64 pin microprocessors and both are true 16 bit processors Simplici ty of instruction set 32 bit registers and linear access to memory are in Motoro la s corner But more registers require more silicon and so the manufacturing cost is higher Intel s hardware ease approach has kept it ahead in the marketplace After all you need hardware first And the 80286 like the 8086 has clean support for co processors the 80287 floating point and the 802730 text and graphics co processors for examples But as hardware has become less expensive the door has opened for Motorola Chip to chip this will be a fun competition to watch Wr
140. e goodies already available for the MSX and some companies have started MSX Engine ICs that incorporate Z80 interrupt control keyboard scan bank select control RAM interface I O inter face printer interface RS 232 protocol real time clock and sound generation into one integrated circuit I think this is one of the best values ina home computer Where else can you get such good graphics 80 columns CP M compatibility and a printer port for 200 Editor s note I attended a session on MSX at the Computer Faire Both speakers had been working closely with the Japanese com puter manufacturers Plus I own one of the first MSX systems brought into the U S a Yamaha unit that interfaces with music syn thesizers So I d like to add a few thoughts to this article 1 MSX has been the standard in Japan for several years but the units that are popular there are little more than TRS 80 model 1s 2 The speakers assured me that the sys tems coming into the U S this summer will be much fancier than their Japanese counter parts They will have four or more MSX com patible slots rather than one They will have parallel and serial ports built in They will support 80 by 24 or 25 video as standard that is a recent decision They will run all standard software but the disk format will be the same as MS DOS 1 0 3 MSX is a standardized system so all manufacturers have to agree when changes are made or features are
141. e they ve been working on for well over a year so I can t say I m too sur prised Anyway this one is an 11 pound sys tem that s very similar to the Data Gen eral Like the Data General it has the Cit izen 315 inch drive and an 80 by 25 LCD display It runs 123 and flight simulator and comes with the Star Burst software package whatever that is Screen con trast a real problem for the LCD units is supposed to be better than on the early Data General displays The 2000 comes with batteries 4 hrs per charge charger 256K of RAM and a removable keyboard for 1995 Figure 2 FAST D MONITOR D Z80B ROM 741 504 They are finishing up a separate base unit that will include a power supply standard video and a 360K 514 drive and they will also offer a built in 1200 baud modem 84 Video Fix The Kaypro 2 84 and 4 84 have a very slow video scroll because the processor is readdressing video RAM every time it sends it a character This is slow So slow in fact that some can t display se rial data at 1200 baud without dropping characters Plus an original Kaypro II running at 4MHz is a lot snappier than the new 2s because the new processor is spending so much of its time dinking around in screen memory Let s see now tell the 6845 that I m going to send a character to RAM send a couple bytes of address and send the character Now tell the 6845 that I m going to send a character toRAM However
142. earch 7808 is registered trademark of 2109 Inc Quantity one price megatei Use our Order Form on page 86 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 55 component supply inc VN VV POWER SUPPLIES Power One G5 35 OVP 35 OVP preset 6 2V 17 x5 181b 70 00 ACDC OEM 5N17 1 17A Lo 5 xb 14165 45 00 rygon LBS6 24 0 4 8 6 8V 24 i 8 3 60 00 dm T0810 52 switcher 82 x434 x134 216 30 00 Sanyo BV 6 dts 7 XA 1 3 4 11b 25 00 Lambda LXS ec 5 OV 5 916A 5 xb x9 25 15165 45 00 DISK DRIVES e Tandon TM 502 12 megabyte unformated 325 Syquest SQ 306R vable 3 5 megabyte type interface ECL 06 350 m E 55 2 5 double sided 48TPI 40 track 6 msec track to track SURPLUS Shugart SA455 5 half height 48TPI 56 99 40 track 6msec tracktotrack dbl sided 99
143. ed User Areas Command and Overlay Path Searching Auto Screen Paging 8Mb Print Buffering 22 new SysCalls Function Keys Virtual disk system Archiver saves over 5096 disk extensive command language 300 variables 100 commands pull down menu and much more Uses as little as 1 2K RAM Runs with CP M for true data and software compatibility Installs easily without any system mods The package lists at 165 and has been advertised and sold internationally to many enthusiastic customers since October 1983 As a special limited offer we ve lowered the pres of the complete ConIX spem by 5096 to onm 79 95 on t miss this opportunity to bring your 8 bit micro back into the software revolution Order your copy of ConIX today Normal Morrow XLT Terminal Configuration Data Room Left in Bytes i Figure 4 Locating DPH and DPB in the BIOS The current values are unimportant 8100 R 0100 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 0106 0107 0108 0109 010A 010B 010C 010D 010E 010F 0110 2A lt R gt 01 lt R gt The program used is 00 lt R gt 01 lt R gt LD HL 1 GET WARM BOOT ADDR 18 lt R gt LD BC 018 OFFSET TO SELDSK 00 lt R gt ADD HL BC 09 lt R gt LD BC 02 SELECT DSK C 01 lt R gt LD E 1 02 lt R gt CALL JUMPHL INDIRECT JUMP 00 lt R gt NOP ROOM FOR BREAK 1E lt R gt NOP POINT O1 R 5 JP HL 1NDIRECT JUMP CD lt R gt TO SELDSK 11 lt R gt 01 lt R gt 00 lt R gt
144. edure DisplayHex InValue Integer var HexStr StringL4 const HexLtr array 0 15 of char 1012345678 9 begin HexStr 0000 HexStr 1 s HexLtr Hi inValue div 16 1 HexStr 2 HexLtr Hi InValue mod 16 HexStr 3 HexLtr Lo InValue div 16 HexStr 4 HexLtr Lo InValue mod 16 Write HexStr end Sel Are you signing your name with an X because spelling doesn t come easily S Then you need SpellSys With this full feature package you can write prose with the pros SpellSys fea tures a 42 000 word dictionary and all the bells and whistles of those expensive checkers including rhyming crossword search letter unscrambling etc SpellSys is made up of a group of indiv idual programs which you can use toge ther or separately With SpellSys you can setup and maintain your own custom dictionary in addition to the main dic tionary These are real dictionaries not hash tables so you edit or remove words from your own dictionary at will Pniecagrcasm Figure 3 Integer absolute 0006 Integer var BdosJump BdosStart insert procedure DisplayHex here begin Write BDOS Jump Vector DisplayHex BdosJump BdosStart Hi BdosJump 100 Write M J BDOS Start DisplayHex BdosStart end Figure 4 BASIC SomeInteger PEEK 6 Turbo SomeInteger AbsoluteIntegerAt6 BASIC POKE 6 SomeIntger Turbo AbsoluteIntegerAt6 SomeInt
145. eems likely that Xerox is cooking up an IBM compatible Editor s note Their first model will probably have single sid ed single density drives and run at 2 5MHz The software package will be MS DOS and a built in typewriter func tion Xerox has said it will still support the Xerox 820 II and 16 8 in service and some software I wonder what that means Incidentally Xerox no longer supports or sells 820 I software Abso lutely NOTHING is available from them Surplus Boards Up until now there have been plenty of 16 8 boards on the surplus market at 50 and 820 II boards for 175 Now is the time to get them before there are no more left Xerox 820 boards are readily available for 35 50 and there are more of them than either the II or 16 8 Take your pick but pick fast There is only one problem the 820 II 16 8 requires either a floppy daughter board or a rigid daughter board Rigids are no problem from the Dallas surplus outlet but floppy daughters are almost impossible to find If anybody knows a good source please let me or Micro C know 16 8 Thanks to an unnamed supplier I am now the proud owner of CP M 86 and MS DOS for my 16 8 board AsI dig into it I will let you know what I find I do have one immediate comment be care ful before plunking your money down Although the operating systems are ge neric there is little generic software in CP M 86 and even less in MS DOS M 86 programs should
146. eger Listings continued IT S EASY TO USE Just enter SPELLSYS select which disks you ll use and file you re checking Then SpellSys takes over Everything is self prompting so sit back and relax Word Review Operations show Context in file Lookup word in dictionary Misspelled correct file to put in user Dictionary Ignore Next word Previous word Exit review or any other key displays menu ORDER AT NO RISK Check out the manual and if you don t agree that SpellSys is a super bargain just return the package with the disk un opened within 30 days and we ll refund your money SPELLSYS 29 95 ppd in US amp Can Other Foreign add 5 00 Requires 32K CP M Formats 8 SS SD or 5 SS DD for KayPro CP M is a trademark of Digital Research P O Box 65 Bend OR 97709 MC 503 382 8048 Visa 63 BDOS continued from page 63 Figure 5 begin 2800 nas m qe du GG U xx00H CCOO xx00H 800H RSE CHOO 00 I s 0100H Base Page 0000H Figure 6 var WarmBoot BdosJump TpaEnd BiosStart BdosStart CopStart Integer absolute 0001 Integer absolute 0006 Integer insert procedure DisplayHex here Still Searching For Files Without 3 You may not know it but a disk ca
147. en and homes the cursor This is not so The screen is cleared but the cursor remains in the same place The cursor must then be homed with ESC gt This may seem like a trifling point but if you tell SETUP only about ESC gt E many of the pro grams using ROM calls to clear the screen e g SLIFORM and SETUP it self will not work properly I asked about this when I told Earl Hinrichs about the scrolling problem and he said the clear command originally did home the cursor but it turned out to be much more useful to allow clearing without homing so he changed it Anyway re member to tell SETUP that the clear screen command is ESC gt E ESC gt continued on page 27 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 25 Figure 1 SHIP PAS Purpose To allow simple communications between the Slicer and another system capable of sending and receiving characters on an RS 232 port Method In Receive mode SHIP accepts characters from port of the Expansion Board and puts them into a file This continues until a key is struck on the Slicer The file is then closed No error checking can be done with this primitive method so you should check the file for errors after you have received it In Send mode SHIP simply opens the requested file and sends it out port A of the Expansion board one character at a time until the entire file has been sent Terminal mode is mainly for debugging and making sure that both
148. en fn fn bas port serialio ord line i while rxok do ch2 chr port serialio buffer array 0 buffsiz of char clear assembly area acters during disk writes Second the memory buffer provides an opportunity to strip the echoed LIST command and the trailing READY from the BAS IC source Of course I can save the memory file to disk once the transfer is completed The saved input files can be use text files file name temp storage write Name of BASIC program file get BASIC program filename I don t like to type assign bas_prog fn i disable 1 0 check since don t want to reset bas_prog halt program if file not there i until ioresult 0 loop til get good file name repeat readln bas prog line get a line of BASIC line 1 append a CR as terminator for i 1 to length line do send line char by char empty loop waiting xmit ok ship out the char let us know a line was sent give BASIC a chance to store the line send the whole file elear SIO input buffer signal done echo last char BASIC sent to soreen eapture BASIC program from a LIST command only have 8K ram on the beast longer than needed input amp output capture buffer pointers pull a line of source from the input buffer skip leading CR lt LF gt and check to be sure d
149. en t found anyone who stocks them On the double sided drives the two heads simply press the disk between them Theoretically the single sided drive should write data more solidly on the disk However I have seen worn and dirty pads that not only don t hold the disk properly but that also do nasty things to its back side Don t worry about compatibility Just plug a double sided drive into a single sided machine and it will run single sid ed Then if you want to upgrade to a Pro 4 8 Fairely Poor MicroSphere didn t go to the West Coast Computer Faire which is no big deal I suppose but I thought you d like to know why MicroSphere s 6 by 6 foot booth was 504 this year the same as last year they paid in advance so not going was no small decision but everything else had changed The Faire had been moved from the Civic Center to the Moscone Center Mi croSphere s booth was moved four times the latest relocation was behind a large post This year s Faire was Saturday through Tuesday rather than Thursday through Sunday The charge for power was 60 it was free last year the cost of a phone doubled the table and chairs were extra they were free last year and every time something was moved to or from the booth it had to be handled by a union member The major forums cost extra they were free before and the us er groups weren t contacted until the last minute about holding meetings th
150. end Receive write out partial line PROCEDURE Send var ch char filename string 80 THE SLICER COLUMN continued from page 25 C Sick The underlying reason for writing SHIP besides giving the PC board and the expansion board a workout was to send over some C programs that I had on CP M to compile them with different C compilers on MS DOS Unfortunately I spent so much time writing SHIP that I never got the time to do any C work Next time for sure though I have been having too much fun writing C programs lately to pass up such a great opportuni ty Yes that s right Ihave gasp C Sick ness That s it Martha Pack up the kids we re getting OUT of here I m sorry Philippe Now thatIhave an expansion board to play with I would also like to figure out how to use its other two serial ports Zi begin write Name of File to Send readln filename assign workfile filename reset workfile write Set up other end to receive writeln press a key on this keyboard when ready REPEAT UNTIL Keypressed WHILE not EOF workfile DO begin IF ReadPortStat THEN check for XOFF IF ReadPort XOFF THEN REPEAT UNTIL ReadPort s XON read workfile ch get a char WritePort ch send it IF ch M THEN IF eoln wait for XON REPEAT UNTIL ReadPort end while not eof close workfile end Receive main begin SetBaud baud
151. er to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen determined by HL and BC 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ignores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix Includes help menu programmable key and full manual on disk 2 TED simple minded line editor easy to learn amp use Very fast 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 TINYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet Whets your appetite for a fancy one 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC truncates each line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pretty pretty printing page 5 USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 5 interfaces BBI with Hayes Smartmodem SPLINES easy to use with non CP M host for port 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A USERS DISK 17 Small C version 2 SMALLCA this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new preprocessor commands
152. er provides a low cost finely engi neered and reliable network for your KAYPRO and other computers Phone or write for details respond with an This will cause SYSBEN to generate a copy of the system tracks in low RAM 3 When SYSGEN proapts for the destination drive answer with a RETURM ta reboot The CP M copy will reaain in RAM 4 Save the copy of CP M to disk by typing SAVE 36 5 Type the following coaaands exactly as they appear DDT IKPPATCH HEX R2580 This causes DDT to load then overlay it with the patches The 2580 is the offset required to compensate for the fact that we are using a copy aoved to low RAM Just to be sure type LIFAD and E You should see JMP at the first address and the short subroutine at the second 6 Exit DDT with 60 that s a zero or C The patched copy will remain in 7 Now run SYSGEN again This tise respond to the first prospt with a RETURN the system is already in RAM At the second prompt you can either respond with an which will load the systes onto the system tracks of the same disk or B to load it onto any disk you desire to put in drive B ADEVCO INC 3790 El Camino Real Palo Alto CA 94306 415 493 7466 Kaypro Morrow amp Xerox are registered trademarks of the KAYPRO Corp MORROW DESIGNS amp X
153. erase program Displays all selected files and then asks you one at a time for a Y N INUSE CMD A86 Prints In Use on your terminal and asks for a password It will not release the console until you enter the password FINDBAD CMD A867 Finds and collects bad sectors on a disk If there are no bad sectors information on the disk is unaltered Disk 86 2 DU and Modem Programs DU V75 CMD A86 DOC This is the popular disk utility from CP M 80 It lets you read write and modify disk sectors MODEM4 CMD A86 This is a modem program set up for the Slicer This program includes a built in help file MODEM7SL CMD A86 DOC No modem disk would be complete without this standard This is modem set up for the Slicer It displays a menu when it is called Disk 86 3 Small C C86 CMD This is the original Small C compiler which appeared in Dr Dobbs Journal in 1980 It runs under CPM 86 and generates 8086 source for the ASMB6 assembler C86 COM This is the C86 compiler which runs under CPM 80 This 8080 program produces 8086 assembly language C86LIB A86 This is the C86 I O library SMALLC86 DOC Documentation on Small Source of the C86 compiler DISK 86 4 IBM Mainframe Interchange RESOURCE 8086 A BIOS ASG A new BIOS that supports a real time clock RES86 CMD A disk management program for transfering files between CP M 86 and IBM 374X mainframe environments SDI86 CMD An 8086 version of the RESOURCE
154. ers for the interface lines One set powers the five inch drives and the other set powers the eight inch drives For this reason both types of drives have their own termina tors This eliminates compromises in the terminator s position on the cable It also allows the Kaypro to be disconnected from the eight inch drives for easy porta bility The heart of the board is an SMC 9229 which handles data separation write precompensation and head load timing I chose it because of its similarity to the 9216 data separator used in standard Kaypros It is 100 percent digital so there is no chance of drift from analog components Its digital design also lets you change write precompensation without an oscilloscope The board can be installed with no sol dering and provides all the signals for the eight inch and five inch interfaces as well as four drive select signals Drives A and B are the Kaypro five inch drives and C and D can be either five inch or eight inch drives The eight inch drives you use can be any kind but they ll need their own power supply because their require ments cannot be met by the Kaypro s supply Software The software is ROM based and Pro 8 compatible The single sided double density for mat uses 16 512 byte sectors for a total data capacity of 596K This format is also compatible with the Big Board II and the Slicer The double sided double density for mat has the same sector configuration a
155. et To The Prizes The Grand Prize is your choice of a Microsphere 1 Megabyte RAM DISK or Trevor Marshall s 32032 Coprocessor kit It s the full 1 megabyte 32032 board that plugs into the K16 or any other PC clone Each of the Next Five Scorers receive the following Choice of two products from Borland including the Modula 2 Compiler AND choice of 100 worth of products from Micro C What To Do To Get A Prize To enter just writea program in Turbo Pascal and send it to Micro C Make sure you specify Turbo Pascal Contest on the envelopes so we ll know it s an entry If possible include a listing on paper along with your disk We re not looking for a magnum opus just something useful or interesting or both It doesn t have to be long alot can be said in Turbo in 100 lines This contest is intended to encourage concise clear programming style Contest deadline 15 November 1 and we ll announce the winners in the February March 86 issue of Micro C Scoring Programs will be judged by Philippe Kahn and the Micro Cornucopia staff on a point system Total points decide the winner 0 15 for ALGORITHM 0 15 for READABILITY OF CODE 0 30 for FUNCTIONALITY including ease of use 0 20 for ORIGINALITY 0 20 for DOCUMENTATION So Start Programming An editor a business application a game a utility something educational anything that interests you probably interests us Just make sure the program you submit
156. ets are still iden tical and therefore compatible So from a programmer s perspective the 80286 is really just a modified version of the 8086 In fact the 80286 can operate in two modes a fully compatible 8086 mode with a 1 megabyte memory limit or an enhanced mode with 16 megabyte mem ory limit and increased speed This fami ly compatibility makes the new Kaypro IBM and the Slicer kissin cousins 68000 Unlike the 80286 the 68000 has 32 bit Your Fortune in the Microcomputer Business 26 45 US Can Mex ME 36 45 Other foreign This is the best most complete collection of working for yourself information I ve found and I ve heard nothing but good comments from those who have received it This two volume set is perfect for those times when you need a break from monitor watching MICRO CORNUCOPIA data and address registers Motorola brings out 24 of the 32 address bits giving you direct access to 16 megabytes of memory This is called linear address ing The 68000 has memory mapped I O and gives a program direct access to the entire 16 MB address space The instruc tion set is simpler than the 80286 and is arguably a programmer s chip Ithas8 data and 8 address registers all 32 bit and all general purpose This bounty of registers virtually eliminates saving register values thus saving time And you can operate on all 32 bits with a single instruction The 68000 combines thes
157. expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 12 new expressions The 1 and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one full disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions See issue 11 FORTH column for more info about IFORTH and this disk C NN LAS NS 8 Users Disks 15 00 each USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BBI Monitor BIOS character ROM Winches ter Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I expansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEASM This is the Crowe assembler modi fied so that it runs on any CP M system includin the BB I II Xerox Includes COM Z80 an DOC files LASM This assembler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time Printroutine for CROWEASM PRN iles LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can tun type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies Creates a catalog of the files on each disk and includes the date of the latest backup Will not back up an unchanged file more than once Plus many more super features FLOPCOPY Lets you m
158. eyboard Port Four Other Parallel Monitor Ports for User I O Multiple Density Controller for The new Cal Tex single board computer has one parallel port for an ASCII keyboard SS DS Floppy Disks and four others for user defined The new Cal Tex single board computer has a multiple density disk controller It can B Two Z80 A CTCs Eight Programmable Counters Timers use 1793 or 8877 controller chips since it generates the side signal with TTL parts The The new Ferguson computer has two Z80 A CTCs One is used to clock data into and board has two connectors for disk signals one with 34 pins for 5 25 drives the other out of the Z80 A SIO O while the other is for systems and applications use with 50 pins for 8 drives PROM Programming Circuitry m Improved CRT Display id ib The new Cal Tex SBC has circuitry for programming 2716s 2732 A s or pin The new Ferguson SBC uses a 6845 CRT controller and SMC 8002 video attributes combatible EEPROMs controller to produce a display rivaling the display of quality terminals There are three display modes Character block graphics and line graphics The board emulates an B CP M 2 2 ONCE WI ea ines PERG 8 dO mST CP M with Russell Smith s CBIOS for the new Cal Tex computer is available for 150 E STD Bus The CBIOS is available separately for 25 The new Ferguson computer has an STD Bus port for easy system expansion _
159. fers Dave Pogue Gary Entsminger and I went to Eu gene Oregon to visit a computer maga zine The magazine is called Program mer s Journal and it s aimed at the collegiate PC programmer Programmer s Journal PJ is two years old and is having major financial prob lems it has no money and its current 72 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 owner probably won t continue to fi nance it after the next issue The story goes like this at the end of its first year PJ s founding editor sold the magazine to Avante Garde an Apple software house Avante Garde pur chased the magazine because it thought it could immediately resell PJ to Hayden you know the book publisher Well Hayden didn t buy Reportedly it wanted to broaden the mag rather than keep it PC specific so when it encoun tered resistance from PJ s staff Hayden backed out So Programmer s Journal has re mained on the block Its staff of three in cludes Greg Estes who has stayed on part time as editor a circulation person and an advertising sales person It has about 1 700 subscribers and the latest is sue is 40 pages Subscription rate is 24 per year 6 issues Advertising is 700 per page They have no money in the bank to fulfill current subscribers And of course they are looking for a buyer Greg mentioned some ideas he had for expanding PJ He is writing a formal journal definitely not a light bright piece However
160. for list Warren E Greenberg 145 Cottage Road West Roxbury MA 02132 Spring Sale Sale Retail IBM XT 10mb controller 590 250 Otrona Attache 1800 2995 Quantex 150 cps matrix printer 700 1195 Qume Sprint 9 45 cps daisywheel 2495 1265 Shugart 712 10mb 1 2 height 5 465 695 51410 250 495 A amp T 450 995 Ferguson cabinet 5 8 amp 100 400 Morrow MD 2 650 1299 Smith Corona TP 1 daisywheel 250 595 Polygon Industries P O Box 24615 New Orleans LA 70184 504 282 5372 Teeny Weeny Basic A 1K BASIC interpreter edi tor How much power can fit into 1K A LOT Full integer arithmetic functions with 26 variables ran dom function single dimension array parenthesis nesting string variable I O abbreviated commands multiple statement lines error handling PRINT INPUT IF GOTO LET RUN LIST SYSTEM Ex ternal LOAD and SAVE Full documentation Sam ple programs show TWB s power Source available Convinced Try it Just 17 50 postpaid Texas add 5 25 Specify 8 SSSD or Kaypro SSDD Glen McEowen 3801 Glenmont Dr Fort Worth TX 76133 Compilers Used MicroSoft Basic Compilers MS DOS 199 CP M 189 Mike Loth Box 847 Steam boat CO 80477 303 879 2056 WD2797 Floppy Controllers 12 00 U S Surplus not used BBI modification doc included Complete Dynadisk kit sockets soldered never used 40 00 U S M Voakes 555 Brookhaven Cres Waterloo Ontario N2L 4R6 Mince
161. g your CP M system CO POWER Plus has just been updated to include many new features Current specifications are 5 33 Mhz 8088 processor Up to 1024k RAM using 256k RAM chips Includes MS DOS 2 11 with these features new built in ANSI screen driver new instructions for patching modem programs including a patch for ASCOM IBM PC disk format 5 1 4 New file transfer utility to convert CP M data files to MS DOS and vice versa Runs under MS DOS Our CP M RAMDISK program uses CO POWER s RAM as a simulated disk drive for CP M Imagine what you can do with one Megl AU SWP s 8500 is a unique CP M computer It can use either a terminal or an ATARI computer for the display device For ATARIs it is also a complete interface for peripherals It easily converts to an 8 bit l6 bit system by adding CO POWER Ideal computer for custom systems Public domain disk available with MS DOS RAMDISK program Set up your CO POWER RAM between MS DOS and a ramdrive For ATR Kaypro 2 4 1983 Osborne I Morrow MD3 Xerox 820 Zorba computers MS DOS 2 11A version available for Kaypro 2 84 2X 4 84 and 105 Includes a utility to run IBM PC LOTUS 1 2 3 MS DOS 2 11A CO POWER Plus with 1024 is 889 95 CO POWER 88 Owners ACT NOW TO TAKE PART IN TRADE IN DAYS EXCHANGE YOUR CO POWER 88 FOR A 200 CREDIT TOWARDS A CO POWER PLUS CALL SWP SALES FOR DETAILS Pricing 256k CO POWER Plus MS DOS 2 11 549
162. generator debugger mne monic and pseudo op translators and interactive disassembler Super 315 00 package value 200 00 4 DSD Dynamic Screen Debugger offers high level features never before found in microcomputers simultaneous display of dual memory segments stack cpu states and flags with software In Circuit x Vea 149 00 5 The Libraries Linkable ZCPR3 libraries Vlib Z3lib and Syslib3 of over 400 subroutines used for Assembly Language program writing Simplifies structured efficient code production online help system and full source code provided 45 00 Syslib3 alone Cut eee aes 29 00 6 Term3 New generation communication program permits menu control of computer modem operations between operator and time share services bulletin boards and other remote computer systems auto answer to command line prompt 99 00 7 Discat Fancy file and disk catalog program running under Z System menu driven and easily customized by operator 49 00 Fortnighter newsletter 24 hour BBS Z Node System keep Z users informed of microcomputer happenings Write or call for brochure or order now State disk format desired add 3 00 shipping amp handling Californians please add 6 1 2 sales tax Visa MC check money or purchase order accepted Program names are trademarks of their
163. gh disk ac cesses are slightly slower than a Slicer running CP M 86 and I can think of no better way to ease the pain of entering the real world you know the one where you actually get paid money for your work than to use MS DOS on the Slicer as a development system Touchy subject I won t say any more for fear of bodily injury The Problem I have evaluation copies of several programs editors compilers written for the IBM and wanted to spend my time in hiding checking out just how compatible the Slicer video board is As luck would have it all the programs were for MS DOS and although I have MS DOS all my pre written source code is on CP M disks My commitment to the never type anything twice phi losophy meant that I needed to transfer the files onto MS DOS electronically but I had no communications programs for MS DOS and no utilities for reading CP M disks on MS DOS or the other way either The Solution Since my Big Board was sitting sadly in the corner and I had Turbo Pascal for MS DOS I decided to write a simple communications program called SHIP Figure 1 to send files out a serial port and receive files from a serial port It would show a complete lack of spirit and enthusiasm to use one of the ports on the Slicer board that is already supported in the Slicer ROM so I decided to use Port A of the SC2681 on the Expansion Board Micro C Staff The Weapons Some of you may balk at my choice of Pas
164. ghtless Prod ucts Gotham City you will most likely have to translate portions of the code By the way even though Pascal Q is only available on 12 half density tri ple sided diskette and requires that all variable names be entered in Greek at 19 999 95 it s a reasonable buy The price includes shipping by Percolator Timewarp Not Getting Lost In The Translation Here are some basics for translating between compilers First try compiling the code If you re lucky the author will have used stand ard Pascal and it will compile correctly More likely though there will be com piler errors Especially if you are new to Pascal get a reference manual for the source com piler It may be critical The differences are often subtle and difficult to find Getting the program to compile cor rectly involves changing syntax for simi lar but not identical procedures writing new procedures to emulate those your present compiler lacks and editing iden tifier names For instance some compil ers use as few as eight significant charac ters in names but an author will occasionally use more than eight so that INPUTFIL and INPUTFILE may actually be the same You might even have to break the source into include files Expect to find differences in file I O Some compilers use GET PUT for se quential I O while others have extend ed READ WRITE Remember that GET and PUT use a pointer variable to access the file so the s
165. gineer So he just to tals your charges adds 30 percent and then bills the client All three parties seem mutually satisfied with this ar rangement Being a broker can be pretty lucrative if you re getting 30 percent from 10 or more people Of course you have to be established and have really good con tacts with the business community Businesses want stability If you are a really good designer and charge a lot businesses usually won t hire you directly They d much rather go through a broker and pay the extra mon ey They trust a broker because they know he won t put in a flake who would hurt his reputation As a consultant I work for an hourly fee fill out time sheets get them signed by the client supervisor and give them to my broker A weeklaterIhave a check in hand The broker bills the client monthly If there is any question about the work the client talks to the broker not me All I have to do is what I m very good at software engineering Without the broker I d have to be a negotiator law yer and engineer and I d still get burned But problems with clients rarely get out of hand because the broker medi ates disputes What causes problems Misunder standings mostly A good way to help prevent misunderstandings whether or not you re working for a broker is to get everything in writing Sam Baldwin said that verbal agreements aren t worth the paper they re written on Even especial ly when
166. gs referred to in Micro C and new programs will be available on the bulletin board To find out what s new exit to CP M with the C command from the BB type CD NEW and then D for a directory You ll be able to download what you need Make sure you re using 8 bits per character Several new programs are on board al ready all in source SHOW MAC written in Z80 assem bler is a TYPE lookalike that scrolls for ward and backward If you d like to ex pand it into an editor give it a try LINK MAC also written in Z80 links REL files It s very primitive won t handle embedded DS statements but it should be fun to expand PRINT MAC also Z80 loads as much ofa file nto memory as it can then prints it allowing your disk drives to shut off It s only 2K SHIP PAS written in Turbo Pascal is a simple communications program for sending and receiving files through seri al ports For more info see Laine s Slicer column this issue There s lots more so check it out We d like to hear from you 050 Full Screen CP M 80 Debugger Soft Advances has lowered the price on their sophisticated CP M debugger from 195 to 125 DSD maintains a full screen of six in dependent windows displaying in structions registers stack memory command line and echo line For more info contact John Otken Soft Advances P O Box 49473 Austin TX 78765 512 478 4763 Submissions Writing For Micro C We re hearing
167. h Fancier Forth PRICELESS UPGRADES ROn Schematic Packages Finally a complete schematic for your portable Kaypro logically laid out a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get detail information on your processor board that s available nowhere else 1 For instance those of you with the 10 and new B4 systems get 2 en ang it ve ji a thorough rundown on your video section complete with 3 Clecy Um 5 Ust sample video control programs in assembly language and R Slo Wy lly n 3yp t Pascal Of course all packages contain serial and parallel Sing th h Se at eq T port details and programming examples as well as 4 t 3s St CCta bi En he 4 complete coverage of the processor clock and 5 4 o at u Cw le ley disk controller information that is not even available in ng it eq 7 Cal fe for Mp at Ur able Kaypro s own Dealer Service Manual 5 st 7 Sys y each Irac es 8 Kaypro Schematic Packages S lec Urso 7 On hen Tes ter uq NEW Kaypro Il amp 4 84 20 rj ble y 54 si Out 4 as Kaypro 10 pre 84 20 Teg es Of ti Sor pet al 3 for at 9 84 series 1 amp 4 520 ir 4 p Prada include p
168. has never threatened to replace my beloved C 80 for getting down eye ball to eyeball with my 780 Pascal s syntax is just too cumbersome when get serious about manipulating bytes Incrementing A Character Pointer For example to increment a character pointer in C after printing the current 4 character all one writes is putchar charptr Whereas in Pascal the best one can do is write charptr charptr PTR SUCC ORD charptr But Turbo does give you the transfer functions to do the job At times I m even willing to put up with ORDs SUCCs PREDs CHRs AD DRs and PTRs rather than give up Pas cal s set variables arithmetic style string Figure 1 PROGRAM directory CONST ADDRESS 5000 VAR 1 J byte charptr char BEGIN bdos 26 ADDRESS bdos 17 ADDR fcb FOR 1 0 TO 127 DO IF j lt 10 THEN IF j lt 10 THEN END END END Figure 2 argo bytezi PROCEDURE argread CONST place bytez 82 BEGIN WHILE mem place lt gt 0 DO BEGIN arge SUCC argo IF mem place lt gt 32 THEN place SUCC place END END febsarray 1 13 of charz 00 2 22 2 22 2 400 j ORD eharptr div 16 1157 Ellison Drive Pensacola FL 32503 operations interactive debugging and compilation in the twinkling of an eye And there are even lower level tricks lurking in Turbo Pascal Beginners may find these sample rou tines an encouragement to get a little clo
169. he C Puzzle Book by Alan Feuer and pre processor macros Macroing In The C Puzzle Book Tony mentioned he d be reviewing The C Puzzle Book but he didn t get to it so here goes Obviously the book is not new it s been around since 82 but it still offers insight into this high level low level language and illustrates the use of the macro To sum it up quickly it s a fun work book for The C Programming Lan guage by Kernighan and Ritchie It s written in a very similar style which means it s a little stiffer than it needs to be but very informative And recrea tional If you like puzzles you ll love this The puzzle in Figure 1 entitled The Pre processor Doesn t Know About C should give you a feeling for the book s flavor and illustrate the dangers of para meterized macro processing But first a little background on macroing or how to keep yourself in knots while eating brown rice Macro Processing Every C compiler has a pre processing phase that alters source code before passing it on for compilation Its two most important functions are macro sub stitution and file inclusion Macros can improve a program s read ability and efficiency and can be handy as building blocks for parsing command line arguments debugging large pro grams and writing compilers The fundamental macro allows no ar guments and simply substitutes a token for a name define X 25 where X is the name and
170. he horizontal scan lines were pain fully noticeable With full vertical height all the letters were too high and in nor mal mode amber characters on black background each character was com posed of small disconnected dots In black on amber mode the characters looked fine but the background was full of disconnected lines It seemed my choice was either dotty or caged charac ters I wanted a better solution I turned down the vertical height to compress the scan lines but the text filled only a little more than half the screen I wondered if I could use inter laced scan to fill the missing scan lines Interlacing Interlace doubles the number of verti cal scan lines by slightly displacing the scan pattern on alternating scans In oth er words instead of writing every hori zontalline every time down the screen it writes half the lines 1 3 5 7 9 onthe first pass and then the other half 2 4 6 8 the second pass Interlace reduces effective scan rate from 60Hz 60 times per second to 30Hz which is why it shouldn t be attempted with a short persistence monitor If the alternate frames are identical the inter lace simply fills out the missing space be tween scan lines considerably improv ing the display You can interlace by adding 741 5157 Lexicon 60 Turner St Waltham MA 02156 to control the extra section of U51 This puts an adjustable extra delay in the vertical sync pulse every other fr
171. here are a multitude of books on FORTH but the following texts make up a good nucleus Starting FORTH Bro die as an introductory text Thinking FORTH as a style manual and The FORTH Encyclopedia as a reference guide to Fig Forth Now all we need is a book on advanced FORTH I would rath er have someone other than Leo Brodie write it though as a deep text deserves the experienced hand of an implementer rather than a user Next Time Three FORTH computers have been sent to me for review These boards exe cute FORTH as soon as they are turned on and are ideal for OEM and controller applications I ll describe each in detail as well as FORTH engines in general S S v GEORGE MORROW AT SOG IV Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 61 BDOS Vectors Mucking Around Inside By Tom Geldner This month s topic is how to beat a dead horse into the ground Actually we re going to continue examining loca tions within CP M Next time we ll do something practical At least this column now has a focus We are going to dedicate our efforts to The Intermediate to Advanced Pascal or BASIC or dBASE or Something Pro grammer Who Wants to Learn More About CP M and or How to Do Fancy Stuff With It and or Get Thoroughly Confused Back To The Bee Doss BDOS Last issue we talked primarily about how much TPA Transient Program Area was available for your programs Also by locating the bott
172. hich does not need to be reset after ev ery boot Robert Bose 6821 Sally Lane Edina MN 55435 Matter Of Grave Concern I recently installed your updated ver sion of ZCPR for Kaypros disk K 22 on my older pre 84 Kaypro 4 The submit file made the process a snap The en hancements and additional built in com mands all worked perfectly but I discov ered one small compatibility problem All of the messages sent to the console by ZCPR were followed by an accent grave which gave DIR displays a very messy appearance A look at the source code showed that ZCPR marks the end of its character strings by setting bit 7 of the last char acter HI According to Bill Kennedy s modification comments this led to some problems with Kaypro 10s because of the graphic characters so he altered the messages Instead of adding 80H to the last character in the string DB ALL 80H each string is followed by an 80H DB ALL 80H This results in a NULL 00H being sent to the con sole as the last character in the string This NULL is sent even if you are us ing the PRO 8 monitor ROM The only reason for this I can think of is that the PRO 8 system probably does not clear bit 7 before checking for a NULL char acter I assume from other comments in the ZCPR source code that a NULL sent to the console is represented with a space 20H on most Kaypros On my Kaypro 4 however it is represented with an ac cent grav
173. ic as graphic II but with 8 sprites line Graphic IV Bit mapped 256 x 212 pix els 16 colors out of 512 colors 8 sprites per line Graphic V Bit mapped 512 x 212 pix els 4 colors out of 512 colors 8 sprites line Graphic VI Bit mapped 512 x 212 pix els 16 colors out of 512 colors 8 sprites per line Graphic VII Bit mapped 256 x 212 pix els 256 colors 8 sprites per line Graphics modes Text I II and III re quire 16K of memory modes IV and V require 32K and VI and VII require 128K Video memory is addressed by the video display processor and is not in the CPU addressing space Most of the U S versions should have a 32K video memory with the option of expanding it to 128K MSX DOS MSX DOS is the operating system for disk based systems Microsoft has been tight lipped about it but we do know a little It ll be menu or icon based but from a program s perspective will look like CP M with BDOS calls So an MSX comput er will run lots and lots of programs Turbo Pascal for example The format forthe disk will be MS DOS 1 0 compati ble with 360K bytes per double sided disk 8428 Lacebark Lane Liverpool NY 13090 In Addition The keyboard has upper and lower case 10 function keys a graphics select key cursor controls delete insert and home keys Tablets mice RS 232 cartridges games some by Activision expansion boxes and music synthesizers are a few of th
174. igned by Dean Klein and Earl Hinrichs OEM Inquiries Welcomed Contact UR PRINTED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY 904 N 6th St _ Lake City MN 55041 INTRODUCTORY SPECIALS Bare Board 300 Full Kit Call Assembled amp Tested Call MasterCard VISA Certified Funds or C O D 61 2 345 4555 Allow 6 8 Weeks for Shipment 48 LINE FIGURE 2 continued from page 47 PT U61P8 this is under 061 solder carefully P9 U63P8 P10 U62 P8 U63 P8 P11 U61 P8 U614 P8 048 P5L U35P11 P6 U36P10 049 P1 U49 P1 3014 pins 1 amp 15 as well as 8 amp 16 15 0491 15 when you piggyback these chips 049 1 049 1 3T4LS157 P2 U35P3 P3 U34P10L Ph UAT P1 P15 U49P15 U50 PYL U47 P2 U50 P1 U21P11 T4LS157 interlace delay select inverter P2 U51P12 P3 U51P5 P4 U38P10L P6 P8 P15 amp act as an inverter for the alternate PT UT3P8L frame signal from U21P11 applied to char ROM 051 P5 U50 P3 15K IN PARALLEL WITH R5 sweep speed up P6 P8 P9 P7 001uf to P8 6 8k in series with 10k trimpot to 45 P16 P9 P8 P6 P10 U37P6 P12 U50 P2 video RAM 061 062 063 064 solder all pins but 8 to U61 U62 U63 U64 pin 8 as above to 047 073 PBL U50 PT character ROM U68 P21L UTOP21L U83P2 monitor ROM low half 2732a U68P21 can be left high not lifted if you wish to use the old 2716 monitor ROM or a 2732a with the monitor in the upper half The old monitor ROM can still be used
175. ill at least tell you if your program has reached a certain address The circuit is the equivalent of DDT s break com mand only this is implemented in hard ware It is from the book Interfacing to S 100 IEEE 696 Microcomputers by Sol Libes and Mark Garetz and it will stop an S 100 system if a hardware error oc curs on one of the slave processors Multiple Processing The future of the IEEE 696 5 100 bus seems most promising in the field of multi processing Operating systems like TurboDos that allow up to 16 slave but functionally independent process ors to exist in a single frame are making the S 100 bus a much used base machine in many multi processor applications that were formerly restricted to mini computers or expensive networking sys tems Ironically the thing most users object to the high cost of an S 100 machine is the biggest advantage of an S 100 multi processing system Although the initial cost of starting an S 100 system is rela tively high compared to an equivalent starter machine e g Kaypro or Xe rox the benefits of multi processing quickly become apparent when addi tional users are added to the S 100 frame After setting up the main S 100 frame with the required operating system the net cost of each additional user in a multi processing S 100 system can be as low as 300 which is significantly cheap er than anything else around Unlike many popular multi user sys tems that is
176. ing value and begins count ing down all over again One nice feature of the ZC TO output pin is that you can connect it to the CLK TRIG pin of another counter timer circuit as is done in the 820 shown by dotted lines in Figure 1 This daisy chaining increases the timer period continued next page 19 THE XEROX 820 COLUMN continued from page 19 What Does All This Mean About now you are saying So what or Whew That was mouth ful Why do we need a timer at all There many reasons but let s take an example we all know and love the Xe rox 820 It uses a one second interval tim er for determining disk deactivation and fora real time clock When no disk activ ity has occurred for about 10 seconds the drives are deselected to extend head life a software routine counts to 10 As with any clock a time base is re quired like a quartz crystal on a watch and the system clock at either 2 5MHz for the I or 4MHz for the does fine As I said earlier even by using the timer pre scalar the best you can do is get a decrement signal about 9 765 times per second Since the decrement signal is connected to the counter portion which has a maximum count of 256 this single channel will give a tick about 38 times per second 9 765 256 instead of once per second Getting Out The Ticks There is a way out By daisy chaining so one timer counter drives another tim er counter
177. inter Things just aren t as easy as in C Manipulations And The Operating System Suppose you wanted to test the capac ity of a disk perhaps as a warning to the operator of a database The disk information is stored in two places 1 Disk information is stored in the disk parameter block the address of which is returned in the hl register after a BDOS 31 call 2 Disk information is stored in the al location vector bit field the address of which is returned by a BDOS 27 call The parameter block itself is a string of bytes defined in the type listing in Fig ure 4 Turbo provides both the system calls and the tools necessary to extract the in formation The resident bitfields are scanned by Turbo s shift functions and bitwise ANDing continued from page 5 Figure 5 TYPE fieldsset of 0 255 param RECORD see above END VAR dpbptr param fieldptr field The rather complex left and then right dance while scanning the allocation vec tor is necessary because the allocation field length is not necessarily a multiple of eight bits Therefore we may need to test only the leftmost bits on the last byte Note that in the last loop i div 8 is the displacement in bytes past the begin ning of the array i mod 8 is the bit in question on that byte Bitfield Operation Solution Actually there s an even neater though not so general solution for bit field operations Si
178. ion board Maybe I can get some info on that soon though 39 95 Self Congratulations About the time you re reading this be graduating from college I would like to take this opportunity to tell myself whata fine job I ve done and wish myself well in the future Thank you You re welcome I just hope I don t lose my hu mility after I leave school Editor s note I m speechless Not available for export 27 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 SLICER Growing to meet your needs The Slicer System Expansion Board The Slicer REAL 16 BIT POWER ON A SINGLE BOARD Featuring the Intel 80186 Complete 8 MHz 16 bit microprocessor on 6 x12 board 256K RAM plus up to 64K EPROM SASI port for hard disk controller Two full function RS232C serial ports with individually programmed transmission rates to 38 4K baud Software compatibility with the 8086 and 8088 8K of EPROM contains drivers for peripherals commands for hardware checkout and software testing Software supports most types and sizes of disk drives Source for monitor included on disk Bios supports Xebec 1410 and Western Digital WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks Fully assembled and tested only April Special 895 The Slicer PC Expansion Board GIVES YOUR SLICER HIGH PERFORMANCE VIDEO CAPABILITY IBM compatible monochrome video Video memory provides 4 pages of text or special graphics capability
179. ion drive connector on the rear and is marked strangely enough REV 1 1 The REV 2 board replaces the drive expan sion connector with a Centronics printer port and signs on with REV 2 x or 3 x at turn on Hardware Modification The stock MD 2 uses an NEC 765 same as Intel s 8272 with an external 50 TTL data separator Rather than modify the existing data separator I used a new one from Western Digital s FD179X Ap plication Note My only modification to the original 1793 circuit was to invert the RD DATA signal to match the 765 by us ing the other output on the 7415123 The circuit shown in Figure 1 detects when drive C is enabled by monitoring the HD load signal for drive C brought out on pin 12 of the expansion drive con nector It then switches in the external data separator and sets the 765 s clock to the 8 MHz needed for eight inch opera tion For disk writes the circuit forces the MD 2 s circuitry to act as though double density 5 were being selected The re sulting 500 KHz signal to the NEC 765 WRITE CLOCK is what s needed for the 8 single density drive This design allows the 8 drive to be turned off but remain connected without _ upsetting the operation of the 5 system Construction It should be obvious that this modifi cation will void your warranty But if you have a REV 1 MD 2 your warranty is al 121 Twin Creek Terrace Forest VA 24551 most certainly void anyway so you may
180. is original unpublished and written by you in Turbo Pascal during 1985 PS Hackers in other languages stay tuned Your contest is coming e e a oe t e 527 E LO P Tide NOTE I hereby release this Purpose program to the Public Domain and give Micro Cornucopia the right to print this listing Signature Free Pascal Runoff T shirt Size 0S OM OL OXL For the first 100 entrants Please list all people involved in the development of this program Name iP Address S o c cc MICRO CORNUCOPIA Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Order No 503 382 5060 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 77 MAIN FRAME Assembied amp Tested e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet Fon amp Dust Filter e Hefty 5 amp 12 Regulated Supply Runs Floppy Drives amp Computer Boards e Accepts 5 Drives Full or Half 2 ea DB25 1 ea Centronics Connector Cutouts e Front Panel Reset amp Power Switch e Power Harness From Supply to Drives amp Board e Line Fuse EMI Filter Detachable Line Cord amp Drive Data Cables Available Separately e Cabinet amp Power Supply Available Separately AMPRO amp Little Board are TM AMPRO computers Write call our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any box computer d Piece YN 2800 5 4 Drive amp Little Board Enclosure IN B7 D
181. is dead the lights can at least let you know if there s SOMETHING going on Bus Line Monitor For that reason alone you many find the circuit in Figure 1 useful Itisa gener al purpose bus line monitor that can be Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 19 attached to any address or data line in an 5 100 machine and most of the status and control lines For 25 cents you can t go wrong If you have an X Y oscilloscope and want to see a more descriptive picture of what your computer s bus is up to try the circuit in Figure 2 Using two inex pensive 1408 L8 digital to analog con verters this circuit will provide a two dimensional display of your machine s address bus activity Although itis notas sophisticated as a 10 000 state analyzer it isn t as expensive either By watching the display when the machine is work ing properly you can get a pretty good idea of what part of RAM the machine is operating in and also see areas that the machine hangs in or where the PC spends most of its time Dead Software Almost as bad as a dead box is a pro gram that makes your machine act like one If you write your own programs es pecially in assembly language you have probably at one time or another loaded up some code that sent your machine s program counter into another galaxy far far away 736 Notre Dame Grosse Pointe MI 48203 Figure 3 shows a circuit that won t help after the program blows up but it w
182. istently Toolworks 49 95 full featured C compiler for CP M scored at or near the top even when compared with and HDOS with compilers costing ten times as much e O redirection The optional C B0 MATHPAK adds 32 bit floats and command line expansion longs to the C 80 3 0 compiler Includes I O and trans execution trace and profile cendental function library all for only 29 95 einitializers C 80 is only one of 41 great programs each under Macro 80 compatability sixty bucks Includes LISP Ratfor assemblers and ROMable code UD over 30 other CP M and MSDOS programs and much more We bought and evaluated over 1500 For your free catalog contact worth of C compilers C 80 is the one The Software Toolworks we use Dr Bruce E Wampler 15233 Ventura Blvd Suite 1118 Aspen Software Sherman Oaks CA 91403 or call 818 986 4885 today hor of tik aung Grammatik CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research 30 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 setsyou FREE 2 yes Synergistic combination of ZCPR3 and ZRDOS2 produces flexible state of the art Z80 operating system with tremendous produc tivity features Z System consists of software modules dynamic loading segments and tools permitting optimum computer usage ranging from produc tion program development to turnkey password controlled end user i
183. it boundaries 24V 4 5 AH Panasonic LCR series WiStrappable Handshake Polarity 2 280 i 4 Channels of counter timer 4 inputs 3 outputs s High Reliability 1 year limited warranty Accommodates 16K mix of RAM or ROM or EEPROM on 2K High Efficiency 75 typ boundaries in 2716 or 2016 or Xicor EEPROM New design is very quiet 2 3 x 10 sea of holes prototyping area on 1 grid Quick response OVP All is mode 2 interrupt compatible Fold Back current limiting Watchdog timer for long term unattended operation Drop out immunity for up to 250 mS without battery Uninterruptable with addition of battery pack ROM monitor and source listing Built in battery charger Assembled and tested 4 Mhz LB 1 Very Small 3 5 H 10 0 L 4 25 W TERMS Master Card VISA add 3 money order cer FERGUSON ENGINEERING tified check UPS cash COD Allow 817 640 0207 Misi iud 2 weeks for personal or company P O BOX 300085 ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 checks to clear Shipping handling extra Texas order add 5 tax The Xerox 820 Column By Mitchell Mlinar official Xerox has announced it is halting production of the 820 II and the 16 8 They say there are enough of these models in stock to last quite a while Of course a while means when an compatible appears what else According to my sources Xerox has been talking to Olivetti Since Olivetti makes the AT amp T personal computer it s
184. it is possible to get down to one tick per second Figure 1 shows the 820 connections between CTC channels as dotted lines Setting up the individual CTC time equations CTCa 400 nSec x 256 x COUNT1 using the 256 pre scalar CTCb CTCa x COUNT2 using the CLK TRIG pre selector Taking the one second tick off of CTCb tick 400 nSec x 256 x COUNT1 x COUNT Now we select values of COUNTI and COUNT to get as close to one sec ond as possible The Xerox monitor chose COUNT1 105 and COUNT2 93 The question is are these the best values Just grabbing values will probably give a solution but mathematics is useful sometimes Since 400 nSec x 256 0 0001024 seconds then COUNTI1 x COUNT2 1 0 0001024 or 9765 625 20 Since we are stuck with integers we ei ther round up to 9766 or down to 9765 Interestingly enough 9765 105 93 What about 9766 which is actually the closer choice Well prime factoring 9766 gives 2x2x19x257 Clearly 257 cannot be used in our counters argh missed by 1 hence 9765 must be used In any dai sy chained CTC taking the prime fac tors is the best way to determine what values if any are possible Programming The CTC Programming of the CTC is fairly easy Since each channel 15 independent there is an I O port associated with each of the four channels These are CTCO 18H 24 decimal CTC1 19H 25 decimal CTC2 1AH 26 decim
185. k obscurity and length He has spent three orfouryears ofhis life learning how to turn a simple idea his research project into a book length epistle that will be read by two people his advisor and his typist Neither will understand it Academics have written manuals on such graduate level topics as Distinguishing CP M s Ed from Mister Ed it s a horse of a different color and Communicating with Surley Waiters in Assembly Language a hex on your baud bud Practical Topics These really don t fit in a publication such as ours Send these to Digital Navel Review if you can stomach it or Micro Fillings Amalgamated a real mouthful Meanwhile keep those candi and letters and articles coming folks If you dredge up something really good for this column PLEASE send it in After seeing this the entire staff is signing up for a refresher at the funny farm 76 m OW o tough Starting At 695 00 CO PROCESSING The most cost effective way for Z80 system owners to obtain 16 32 bit processing power and software compatibility is via the HSC CO 16 Attached Resource Processor CO 16 is compatible with any Z80 system running CPM 2 2 or CPM 3 A few examples include e KAYPRO 2 4 10 TRS 2 3 12 16 AMPROLITTLE BOARD HEATH 89 SUPERBRAIN e XEROX 820 TELEVIDEO 802 803 e MORROW EPSON QX 10 e LOBO e OSBORNE 1 EXEC e CROMEMCO Plus many more CO 16 Every CO 16 is delivered with 16 32 bit micro
186. k Lehrbaum founder and vice president of engineering at Ampro this week and I m delighted to report that they re plan ning two workshops for SOG IV one on the SCSI multi master bus expansion for any Z80 and one on their new Little Board 186 The new Little Board has the SCSI Plus Multi master Bus and an 8MHz 80186 microprocessor and is the same size as the original Little Board Even the connector locations pinouts and I O signals are essentially identical to those of the other Ampro board This looks like a real hummer in a small package Look out IBM Rick expects to be in full production by mid summer with a 128K board selling for 549 and a 512K board selling for continued on page 81 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 79 THE SINGLE BEST DEBUGGER FOR CP M 80 A TRULY AMAZING LEOR ZOLMAN AUTHOR OF BDS C Complete upward compatibility with DDT Simultaneous instruction register stack amp memory displays Software In Circuit Emulator provides write protected memory execute only code and stack protection L Full Z80 support with Intel or Zilog Mnemonics Thirty day money back guarantee O On line help amp 50 page user manual ONLY PIL De _SOFTADVANCES BOX 49473 AUSTIN TEXAS 78765 512 478 4763 80 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 TIDBITS continued from page 79 749 They ll have boards at SOG IV so you ll be able to put together a
187. ke C Turbo doesn t offer readymade facilities to extract the string or strings so they can be used by the program But they can be extracted The trick is to trot through Turbo s predefined mem array consisting of all the 64K bytes in memory from 82H onward until a null is located reading the non blank bytes into strings within your applications program Imagine it s a library file see Figure 2 Icould pullit off more elegantly in C but then in C I wouldn t need to pull it off at all What we are creating is essen tially a standard issue C program writ ten in Pascal Notice I allow only four arguments I could have allocated them one by one with NEW But if I m that crowded for space I wouldn t be putting up with Turbo s 7K of overhead Besides if the command line is more than 30 bytes long see above on Turbo s treatment of the DMA the CCP s calling card is trimmed along its edges Redirecting I O Unix style Unix style redirection doesn t work unless the runtime package is prepared to channel the standard I O to and from files and devices Turbo lets you ap proach this Like C it treats peripherals as files that can be reassigned Suppose you occasionally want to di vert CRT output to a printer You could of course write a dual set of write x and write lst x routines with an at tendant array of IF statements But that can bea pain and often means a larg er source file There s a better wa
188. ks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Micro Cornucopia Disk Service Manual disk drive tutorial printer amp plotter manual copier manual computer phreak ing Much more FREE information Consu mertronics Co Attn Computers 2011 Crescent Alamogordo NM 88310 Keyboards for Computer Builders 83 keys full ASCII upper lower case all control characters nu meric pad CAPS LOCK REPEAT self test Brand new hundreds sold already to builders of Apples Big Boards Xerox 820s Parallel output positive TTL logic strobe Uses only 106mA of 5 volts Custom case available 90 day warranty unmodified Key board 35 Documentation 21 pgs cable package 5 Spare custom CPU ROM 4 UPS included Call SASE for detailed spec sheet Electrovalue Industri al Inc Box 376 MC Morris Plains 07950 201 267 1117 Superb Mailing List Program stores and manages names and addresses that can be revised at any time Its size is limited only by the disk storage available The address labels may be code selected and printed in five different formats on your computer paper or on label rolls In addition to the name and address fields there are four more fields in each record for telephone number date and two amount fields if desired Atany time the entire roster may be printed out For CP M 2 2 based systems with two disk drives and p
189. l day raft trip 2 hr raft trip Cookout only Dinner Double room only For the nights of 7 24 7 27 Food Ticket 3 meals on Friday Breakfast amp Lunch on Saturday All you can eat at COCC Cafet SOG IV T Shirt Indicate sizes SD MO LO XLO 87 Saturday Evening We re holding our SOB Semi Official Banquet on Saturday evening Our keynote speaker Ezra Shapiro technical editor for Byte will follow the food not just desserts Transportation The nearest commercial airports are Redmond RDM 15 miles Eugene 120 miles and Portland 165 miles Shuttles run between Bend and the Redmond and Portland airports Trailways Bus Lines also serves Bend If you need travel information call Bend Travel 503 388 3424 they are really helpful folks Finally If you haven t SOGged then you haven t sogged So don t miss this year s extravaganza You ll have alot of fun and learn a lot without getting soaked unless you raft of course If you re even considering coming get this form filled out and in We ll send you a free packet of information about the area Also if you re interested in staying in the dorm holds two per room you ll need to call Micro C to verify your reservation We re limited to 25 rooms and they ll probably go fast adult und 12 number 65 60 25 20 10 7 515 8 KAN ERAN E NK sel ee Make check or money order
190. l error messages The price is still 250 00 and includes Microsoft s MACRO 80 As an option we will supply Eco C with the SLR Systems assembler linker librarian for 295 00 up to six times faster than MACRO 80 For aaditional information E mcs DOOR MosterCard Fh 317 255 6476 os call or write s 6413 College Ave Indianapolis Indiana 46220 Toll Free Order Line Order Line 1 800 223 EPIC EPIC SALES 132 Wainut Plano Center 9AM 6PM CST Garland Texas 75042 EPIC SALES WINCHESTER SUB SYSTEMS Featuring Drives By Seagate XEROX 820 820 11 BIGBOARD I KAYPRO 8 100 Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Host board plugs into 2 80 socket Host board plugs into S 100 BUSS WD 1002 controller board external in cabinet XEBEC 8 1410 controller board external in cabinet Boot from 8 or 5 1 4 floppy Boot from floppy 8 Easy installation Easy installation Complete documentation package is available for 35 00 Fast amp Efficient Service This package includes all manuals and software on a diskette if required All orders are expedited as a matter of our regular policy The 35 00 is refundable with the purchase of a Winchester sub system We are proud to have achieved our goal of shipping most orders from EPIC SALES within 24 hrs of receipt Seagate 212 CMI 5619 Seagate 225 Erwin 110 1 2 High Low Power Full High 1 2 High Tape Backup Type
191. lannerCalc Review KayPro Column begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256 K for BB I Bringing Up BB II dBase II Look at WordStar Double Sided Drives for BB I Packet Radio 5MHz Mod for KayPro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 83 CP M Disk Directory More 256K for BB I Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada Cobol Review BB I Printer Interface KayPro Reverse Video Mod 44 pages ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BB II Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface to Electronic Typewriter BB I Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column starts KayPro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Column Begins Upgrading KayPro II to 4 Upgrading KayPro 4 to 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 2 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BB I Double Density BB II 5 8 Interface Fix KayPro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick to Color Graphics Recovering Text from Memory 52 pages ISSUE NO 17 4 84 Voice Synthesizer 820 RAM Disk KayPro Morse Code Interface 68000 Based System Review Inside CP M 86 56 pages Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 ISSUE NO 18 6 84 KayPro EPROM Programmer I O Byte Primer KayPro Joystick Serial to Parallel Interface Business COBOL 60 pages ISSUE NO 19 8 84 Adding Winchester to BBII 6MHz on the Bulletin Boards Getting It Together Track Buffering on the Slicer 4MHz for the 820 I 64 pages ISSUE NO 20 10 84
192. le to acquire nearly all the stock of their 16 bit boards These boards will operate in a stand alone con figuration These boards have 256K bytes of 150ns 64K parts 8086 2 a socket foran 8087 asocketforaTI9914 IEEE 488 controller a socket for a Z8530 serial communication controller two sockets for 2732 s or 2764 s and all the TTL to make it work We have machine drawn schematics and a good theory of operation for this equipment These boards are to be sold as is The dimensions are 4 5 x 10 5 XEROX 820 1 just purchased the entire final run of the 820 1 computer boards These boards are complete with the exception of the ROMS and the 1771 These boards have all the 2801 0 devices all the crystals all the connectors the baud rate generator the RAMs and all the TTL Compare this to B G s 30 bare board These boards are to be sold as is IMPROVED UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY UPS 5 200 1 9500 5 8 5 AMPS 12V 7 5 AMPS 12V 5 X This supply is designed to power entire computer systems with Dual RS232 serial WiCurrent loop option on the chan Winchester and floppy disk subsystems When the AC power nel both strappable as terminal or modem in the RS 232 fails power can be maintained by a single 24V battery The mode switchover time from AC to battery is zero power is never 16 programmable Baud rates on each serial channel interrupted 32 bits of buffered parallel I O assignable on 4 b
193. lers currently running on the board FORTH and a BASIC inter preter should be available shortly Trevor has found that the 32032 run ning under MS DOS is three to four times faster than the same processor running under UNIX Nevertheless he is planning to make UNIX available for his system Benchmark Trevor did a floating point benchmark processing an array of 40 000 32 bit float ing point numbers He got the following times IBM XT 11 46 seconds IBM AT 17 73 seconds DEC 11 750 83 seconds DEC 11 780 50 seconds DSI 32 97 seconds All of the systems have hardware floating point and the 68000 has times very similar to the AT The AT is slower partially because its floating point proc essor is running at 4MHz instead of 4 77 the 80287 is not as fast even at the same clock speed as the 8087 The time shown for the DSI 32 was while running at 10MHz The 6MHz version would still be under 2 seconds The 32032 has a fully linear architec ture no segmented addressing hurray and it has a very powerful instruction set For instance the C compiler turns most C commands into one or two as sembly language instructions And be cause the compilers are highly optimized for theinstruction set and the instruction set has been optimized for compilers the compiler output is as clean as hand writ ten assembly language 32032 At The SOG Trevor and his group will be doing four sessions at the SOG 1 32 bit processors i
194. line any way If I didn t anticipate this I could send some characters that would arrive after Receive had sent the XOFF but be fore Send had received it Receive would assume that it had stopped all transmis sions and would then probably lose the extra characters Not good The Finished Product SHIP has a few problems The worst are 1 I must type at both keyboards to get anything done 2 Itonly works with text files 3 It has no error checking Since I need an MS DOS modem pro gram anyway probably end up add ing XMODEM file transfer capability to it someday For now though it does ev erything I need I wanted to transfer source files from CP M to MS DOS and Ican Ihave used it at 9600 baud without dropping characters As written SHIP runs on port A of the expansion board but this can be changed to any other SC2681 port by just changing the port address equates I have used it on port A of the Slicer 80 8A and nothing should prevent it from running on port B of either board Sidelines Doing all this fooling around gave me a good chance to check out the Slicer PC Video Board I tried out three different editors written specifically for the IBM PC and all of them ran There was a mi nor problem when scrolling backwards with the Turbo Pascal editor and Z a VI clone included with Aztec C but that problem will be corrected long before you read these words The real shining light of editors
195. ll C Version 2 Source KayPro Disk K9 ZCPR KayPro Disk K10 Assemblers KayPro Disk K11 Library amp Checkbook Programs CHECKS This has been a very popular group of programs Categorizes checks so you can keep track of which are tax deductible and which get charged to which projects Includes source and example check files Very powerful LIBR This is a complete set of library routines which let you group files into a single file called a library Then CP M sees them as a single file but with the library routines you can list them out separately run them separately or divide them up again Almost like a unix environment DISPLAY VLIST PGLST Additional screen and print utilities KayPro Disk K12 FORTH KayPro Disk K13 Source of fig FORTH KayPro Disk K14 Smartmodem Program KayPro Disk K15 Hard Disk Utilities KayPro Disk K16 Compiler KayPro Disk K17 Z80 Tools KayPro Disk K18 System Dlagnosis Just as we finished editing the routines on this disk we received a copy of KayPro s diagnostic disk The memory test and drive exercise routines on this disk are more powerfulthan KayPro s versions Plus it s only 12 Setup for KayPro II amp 4 KayPro Disk K19 Prowriter Graphics KayPro Disk K20 Color Graphics Routines KayPro Disk K21 SBASIC Routines amp Screen Dump SBASIC Finally a disk of SBASIC software There are some good examples of struct
196. ll C compiler a great Micro C community project Anybody up for it 16 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Figure 1 The Puzzle What does this program print include lt stdio h gt define FUDGE k 3 14159 define PR a printf as d dNt int a define PRINT a PR a putchar An define PRINT2 a b PR a PRINT b define PRINT3 a b c PR a PRINT2 b c define MAX a b a lt b b a main int 2 PRINT x FUDGE 2 int cel for celz0 cel lt 100 cel 50 PRINT2 cel 9 5 1 32 int 1 2 PRINT3 MAX x y x y PRINT3 To solve the puzzle expand the macros working inside out But be careful Macros can be tricky int xz2 PRINT x FUDGE 2 To understand the effect of a macro expand it in place PR a putchar An Always expand the leftmost macro First substitute the macro replacement string for the macro call PR x FUDGE 2 putchar An Then substitute the argument s in the call for those in the replacement string printf as dXt int a Expand the leftmost macro PR this time printf x FUDGE 2 Zd t int x FUDGE 2 Substitute the macro arguments printf x FUDGE 2 dNt int x k 3 14159 A macro name that occurs between quotes is not expanded However macro arguments are expanded wherever they occur in the macro body Thus x FUDGE 2 replaces a
197. m tracks QSTAMP Prepares disk for time date stamping QPATCH Modifies default parameters of D and QBACKUP QPIM COMPLETE PACKAGE includes ALL STANDARD utilities plus D AK Same as 2k D plus shows files by date range and shows files in any or all user areas on any or all drives QPIP All PIP functions plus copies files with current or existing time date QSTAT All STAT functions plus shows or changes file date s archive bit and MORE QSUB Replaces SUBMIT and XSUB Has nesting capability internal command set including conditionals embedded XSUB plus many other great features QBIOS Available for the Xerox 820 1 Xerox 820 11 BigBoard l and SWP Dual Density 820 1 QP M bootable disk will be shipped if QBIOS is ordered with the STANDARD or COMPLETE packges PRICES STANDARD 40 00 COMPLETE 60 00 QBIOS FOR 20 00 When ordering please specify your computer system and media preference 8 IBM 3740 or 5 25 Xerox Kaypro format Please add 2 50 shipping handling U S amp Canada for shipment via U P S or 7 50 for foreign air mail CA residents please your local sales tax 696 or 6 596 VISA and MasterCard are accepted FREE information packet available upon request NENN
198. mat 1200 2400 baud Sound GI AY 3 8910 3 voices and 8 octaves Joystick Atari type Expansion Slots Software cartridge 2 min without disk 1 with internal disk Printer 8 bit parallel Clock CMOS battery backed up op tional Disk 8 5 25 or 3 5 MS DOS for mat optional RS232 optional A typical MSX computer will sell for about 200 including graphics and a built in printer port By summer just about every computer manufacturer in Japan will be selling MSXs in the U S Memory All MSX computers have 32K ROM with BASIC designed to follow the GW BASIC standard The ROM also in cludes various system calls MSX computers use a memory bank select structure slots There are 64 of these banks each is 16K bytes long Any four of these banks can be mapped into the Z80 operating area at a time and can be mapped back out by software This allows a full IMbyte expansion and un believable flexibility Video Get a load of these display modes Text 1 40 characters per line 24 lines per screen Text II 80 characters per line 24 or 26 lines per screen 4 colors out of the 512 colors Multi Color 64 x 48 blocks 4 x 4 blocks 16 colors Graphic I 256 x 192 blocks 8 x 8 blocks 16 colors 32 sprites 4 sprites per hori zontal line 256 patterns Graphic 256 x 192 blocks 8 x 8 blocks 16 colors 32 sprites 4 sprites per horizontal line 768 patterns Graph
199. mory locations 0006 and 0007 to find the location of BDOS The entry vectors are usually preceded by an assembly language JMP say JUMP instruction JMP aaaa is similar to BASIC s GOTO xxxx where xxxx is a line number In the case of the JMP instruc tion however the aaaa is a memory ad dress For example a disassembly listing of the BDOS JMP in your CP M system might look like JMP D406 And in HEX format C3 06 D4 Note that the address D406 is in stand ard byte reversed format with the least significant byte first most significant second C3 is the HEX representation of the JMP instruction Any program that encounters this instruction will continue execution at address D406 Tom Tackles Turbo Now that we know what a vector is let s go back to figuring out what the BDOS vector is Last time we were sup posed to have had an S BASIC example but somehow typesetting gremlins sent it to Source Code Heaven Editor s note that example is alive and well and resid ing at the end of this article This time we have a Turbo Pascal program that does the same thing but first Figure 2 shows a procedure that makes things easier to understand Unlike S BASIC Turbo Pascal has no equivalent to a HEX function that re turns a HEX string representation of an integer value So we supply our own We take the most significant byte and di vide it by 16 We convert this value to a hex number or letter by locating its posi
200. n board and vice versa If you get it talking to the BBI Kaypro or Xerox write in and tell us how you did it Ferguson Engineering P O Box 300085 Arlington TX 76010 817 640 0207 Also Syntel has 300 1200 baud auto an swer modems not auto dial for 129 They re going like hotcakes they re priced like them too but you still might be able to get one Future Tense Editor Syntel 530 Pylon Dr Raleigh NC 27606 919 828 4626 An 11 Pound Baby Kaypro Just when you thought David Kay was misleading Kaypro into oblivion 1985 first quarter earnings at Kaypro were 72 872 down from the 1984 first quarter 2 8 million he responds with master ful touches In March he introduced the AT clone and now he s out with a port able PC clone It has everything an IBM PC has ex cepta standard CRT he says It s the Kaypro 2000 and it has 256K RAM expandable to 640K an 80 char acter 25 line LCD screen 3 1 2 inch disk drive with 720K capacity and a re chargeable battery all for 1995 The microprocessor is an 8088 and standard software includes MS DOS Bugg Music Richard Bugg s Band Richard wrote Kaypro Composite Video Output in 22 Cosmic Debris has released its second album While You re Asleep It s a warm electronic album The group s first 3 7K was a hit in Oklahoma City and in parts of the Midwest Can t wait to hear it Ampro At SOG Dave Pogue and I spoke with Ric
201. n general What they can do benchmarks strengths weaknesses 2 32032 assembly language de tailed look at the instruction set and the architecture of the chip 3 A designer s eye view of the DSI 32 4 Dave Rand a member of Trevor s group will discuss the latest Z80 and other public domain software including NSWEEP which he wrote He will con centrate on the little known features in NSWEEP Come to the SOG you might be very surprised what you ll take home with you A Second Class Magazine If you ll look closely at the bottom of the masthead on page 1 you know the who s currently who at Micro C you ll see along convoluted message that says we have applied for a second class mail ing permit and you thought the bulk of this operation was first class Second class is delivered almost as fast as first class the post office says it gets the same handling at the price of bulk rate We will be sending out the 16 sub scriptions second class as soon as they approve our application could be as long as six months Of course they could choose not to approve it they are the government after all but according to the local staff there shouldn t be any problem The only difference between first class and second class as far as you are con cerned is that first class is forwarded free Second elass costs you Anyway for those of you lucky enough to live in the U S I d suggest you renew or subscribe
202. n ordering please specify format 8 SSSD Kaypro Osborne Formats For other formats sorry no 96 TPI add 5 Shipping and handling California residents add 696 sales tax MasterCard and Visa accepted Specialized versions of this and other software available for the Kaypro CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Write or call for further information Plu Perfect Systems BOX 1494 IDYLLWILD 92349 714 659 4432 be easy though to mount a connector on the rear of the system so it is accessi ble from the outside Testing My Work After carefully examining all the bat tery connections I took a deep breath and made contact with the plugs In a few seconds I was rewarded with a mes sage to insert a disk After putting a disk in I made a few commands to fill up the screen Unfortunately the screen was all dis torted and the display warped during disk activity I measured the voltages on the main board and found 9 5 on the 12V contact 5V and 12V supplies were okay Ihad about 50 feet of wire between the battery and the voltage regulators When I shortened the wire to approxi mately 10 feet the 12 supply in creased to 11V and everything worked fine After finishing the project Ifound that my costs totalled 32 50 Even if I had Out keys the competition Thinking about buying a key program You know the names all start with words pr
203. nce a set on the stack is nothing more than a 32 byte bitfield the IN operator will scan any bitfield of up to 256 bits if a pointer to a numerical set is directed toward the beginning of that field Figure 5 shows what the program becomes using this kludge In either case Pascal syntax hardly gets in the way at all The C version of the more general bit field operationis only minimally cleaner I 8 amp 0x80 7 Irritations And Impossibilities The inelegance forced upon the pro grammer by Pascal s strong typing re mains little more than an irritation as long as low level work is a minor portion of a program I find string operations the reserved disksize blocksize i integer BEGIN dpbptr PTR bdosh1 31 0 blocksize reserved 0 fieldptr zPTR ADDR dpbptr AL t 1 shl dpbptr BSH 3 FOR 1 0 TO 15 DO IF i IN fieldptr THEN reserved SUCC reserved disksize z bloocksize dpbptr DSM 1 reserved write M J Disk size disksize k s fieldptr PTR bdosh1 27 0 FOR i zreserved TO dpbptr DSM DO Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 most consistently frustrating since I ve become accustomed to C s delightful in crement and decrement operators and its treatment of characters as short inte gers But Turbo s byte variable definition gives you partial relief if you juggle things a bit to subvert Pascal s attempts to protect the pr
204. ncor porate the Ztime board It s rumored that future software will include an ar chive program an RCP M BBS system and dBASE II modules Available from Kenmore Computer Technologies 20 Landers Rd Kenmore NY 14217 716 877 0617 Prices for the Ztime I range from 29 to 99 depend ing on the package 64K SBCs z eSave develo ment time and Costs with Megatel Quark single board computers from 99 in OEM quantities Ec eSelect only the features you require e We deliver your first unit two weeks or less e 6MHz Z80B 8088 Co Processor 64K 128K or 256K RAM Alpha Graphics Video Controller Up to 128K EPROM EPROM Support Time of Day Clock Up to 4 Parallel Ports Floppy Disk Control Peripheral Expansion 8 5 4 or 3 b Interface Winchester Hard 22 or CPIM 3 0 Disk Control Operating Systems Up to 2 Full Duplex Fully configured board Serial Ports less than 800 Special Packages Entry Level Quark 10 with Z80B 64K RAM EPROM Video Serial and Parallel only 295 e 64K SBC Package with CP M 2 2 on disk only 375 Custom designs and layouts available To order your first unit call our Toronto sales office today 416 745 7244 Or write us Megatel 1051 Clinton St Buffalo 14206 CPIM is a registered trademark of Digital Res
205. nd to 8052 S get from 8052 end pan m until ch 7 2 is exit program command end End of Listing input buffer pointer char by char capture of program don t know really when BASIC is going to quit so when s stop hit a key to exit loop buffer pointer for output get and throw away echoed LIST get first real program line write to file get next line til get BASIC s READY output or buffer overrun simulate BASIC s prompt initialize baud rate and SIO while rxok do ch chr port serialio send space to BASIC for auto baud character available from BASIC yes grab it and echo something we need to send yes get it then check for command char if not command char ship it out process potential command char Load command Save command CompuServe has a Turbo version of MODEM7 available for downloading it s specifically written for 16 bit Tur bo A print program translation to Tur bo that I mentioned in an earlier column is also available on the Borland SIG if got lt CR gt was complete line get name amp open output file clear SIO s input Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Turbo Tips Turbo Pascal Version 3 0 is now being shipped The 16 bit version boasts sub stantial performance improvements and extensions A friend s IBM PC can now keep up with my 5MHz
206. nguage programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal as a file receiver or as a file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 1 BDSCIO custom BDSC I O for BB 1 both h and 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface TERN programming package for BBII for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 sets up the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transer routine 3 A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very fanc
207. nstallations Facilities include multiple commands per line file search paths named directories redirection command flow control screen oriented menu generators complete housekeeping file and directory management shells alias scripts and nested alias genera tion and complete online help Seventy six support utilities five tool packages and two application programs available now Fully upward compatible with CP M 80 Z can now be purchased as auto install program Z Com or as manual install ZCPR3 with semi auto install ZRDOS package Z System Our latest versions to be released this year support Zilog Z800 and Hitachi HD62801 64180 high technology chips chips run existing 8080 and Z80 programs Echelon eight bit operating systems written in Assembly Language using linkable macro subroutine libraries offer performance parallel ing best single user 16 32 bit microcomputer systems 1 Z Com Full up Z Operating System with input output redirection running under CP M 80 online command and utility documentation and NID system ue vc cane x RA UPC S aO e ACA PAAR ed 219 95 2 Z System Manual install ZCPR3 and ZRDOS2 easily tailored by programmer to custom needs source code to core and utilities similar tolem Pp us 199 95 3 Z Tools Four software development system packages permitting advanced structured program design macro relocating assembler linking loader librarian cross reference
208. ntax is also more elegant more straightforward and more readable the morning after than any of the alterna tives When Not To C However the complex sequence of li brary searching compiling assembling and linking that gives such hands on control when writing a utility program in C becomes a genuine pain when crafting aninventory system or typing out a loop to average grades And reading and writing records to a random access file is not something one does casually in C straight out of the box The answer for me and apparently for lots of people is Turbo Pascal It s good it s fast and it s inexpen sive Debugging can actually be fun when the full screen editor places the cursor right on the trouble spot Absolute Addressing amp More I remember opening my package from Borland over a year ago wondering if I d been a fool to buy something with such a silly name Well for 50 bucks what can you lose Your cynicism for one thing My prior Pascal experience with JRT didn t prepare me for the delights to fol low These folks I immediately recog nized think like C programmers There were structured constants read initialized variables free place ment of variable declarations functions and procedures read libraries abso lute addressing read pointers to the op erating system interconversion among scalars read casts and bit manipula tions read packed fields tagging and all the rest Turbo
209. numbers were errors mine I am using 2 3b and 2 40 I know that 2 3b is buggy but it leaves a little more space for memory varia bles so some of my programs run under it that won t run under 2 40 For instance adding a record to a large indexed file is much faster under 2 37 than under 2 40 Also my copy of 2 40 won t recognize the decimal point in the picture clauses so the gals prefer entering re ceipts under 2 37 We re currently futzing over all our dBASE routines to Turbo keep everyone posted on how it works out Composite Video Update Last week one of the local dealers sent me to the Kaypro service clinic You just can t stay on top of things in this biz Since submitting my Composite Vid eo article see Issue 22 page 50 I have found that you can t use that ap proach on the 10 Now I ve delved into the 2 84 4 84 boards and the new uni versal board and found the same video circuits as the 10 The graphics are nice but the hi res method of achieving them nukes my cheap video approach How ever my board does work on Xerox 8205 Richard Bugg 2703 N W 20th Oklahoma City OK 73107 Kaypro Goes Arabic This is in response to a question in Is sue 22 about Arabic capabilities for the Kaypro Zadian Research has an Arabic conversion package which runs on the Kaypro 2 2X 4 and 10 The package in cludes software to convert CP M Word Star CalcStar and other programs to Arabic It also comes with a set
210. o etc Looking for a faster easier way to calc Process words or databases Yes Then you owe it to yourself and your computer to check out XtraKey Quite frankly we think it s the best At any price And wait till you see our price Just like those other keys XtraKey lets you like smart magic added the cost of the parts I had around the house it probably wouldn t have topped 40 excluding the batteries Parts List 1 1 12 volt 5 amp voltage regulator with heat sink 2 1 5 volt 5 amp voltage regulator with heat sink 3 1 12 volt 1 amp voltage regulator 4 30 33 mFd capacitors 5 30 1 mFd capacitors 6 1 male 1 female 4 contact plug disk drive type 7 several feet of 12 gauge or heavier wire 8 wire nuts for 12 solid wire 9 length of 16 multi strand wire for connection to plugs 10 misc hardware and metal box with aluminum cover 11 two 12 volt batteries redefine your regular keyboard keys to be any thing you want A word a paragraph a series of commands whatever you hate to type over and over again Change or make up new definitions any time Even while running a favorite program like WordStar or dBASE II Unlike other keys there s no limit on definition length Plus our advanced XShift feature lets individual keys have up to 16 meanings XtraKey can also talk to your printer or video display Change from pica to elite while working on a spreadsheet Address
211. o learn POWERFUL Automatic text centering and line routing PRINTERS Works with all printers SIZE Flowcharts up to 5 shapes across by 11 shapes down SHAPES 18 standard shapes User defined shapes easily added LINES User selectable line drawing characters MANUAL Complete comprehensible and over 100 pages long Also included is a reference card and ten demo flowcharts EasyFlow 49 95 Minimum memory MS DOS PC DOS 96K CP M 80 48K EasyFlow PLUS is an advanced version of EasyFlow which contains all the features and capabilities of EasyFlow plus the following enhancements Huge flowcharts up to 16 by 16 shapes in size Wide charts can be printed in strips big charts from small printers Text blocks can be placed anywhere in chart comment your chart Arbitrary lines can be drawn anywhere in the chart Can also be used to produce organization charts Chart can be previewed on graphics screen t Subject to available memory t Requires IBM PC or compatible with color graphics adapter EasyFlow PLUS 89 95 Minimum memory MS DOS PC DOS 128K CP M 80 64K Available for MS DOS PC DOS Haventree Software Limited machines on IBM PC format 5 R R 1 Box 198 diskettes for Z80 CP M 80 ma Seeley s Bay Ontario chines on 8 SSSD and most soft Canada KOH 2NO sectored 5 formats Check money 613 542 7270 Ext 601 order VISA or company PO Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 The S 100
212. of Dual 10 MEG System Externa IBM PC amp TI PC COLUMBIA 1199 XEROX 8208 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 1 YEAR FULL WARRANTY TECH SERVICE HOTLINE Order your EPIC Winchester System now Every unit throughly tested before shipping and our Q If you have a question or a problem test it for 30 days if not satisfied return for warranty includes both parts and labor Call our service techniclans immediate refund 5 1 4 HALF HIGH DRIVES 8 FLOPPY DRIVES EPIC SALES SPECIAL For IBM PC T PC Xerox 820 Slemens FD200 8 5 1 4 SEAGATE and others im WINCHESTER DRIVES 229 NEW ST 212 10 MEG 1 2 HIGH 549 40 Track 48 TPI ST 225 20 MEG 1 2 HIGH 949 119 NEW 5 MEG FULL HIGH 179 Case amp P S for 2 5 1 4 a IE 7 Half High Drives 8 DRIVE SUB SYSTEM Includes 2 200 8 DSDD Drives Vertical Case and Power Supply WINCHESTER CONTROLLER amp HOST BOARDS 72 629 NEW 51608 IBM Winchester Controller 279 ZOBEX T PC Winchester Controller 350 POWER SUPPLIES XEBEC 1410 Controller scccccccccccccnscscccsss 295 IBM PC Replacement 135 Watt sei Apple Host Xebec ccccscscscconnccccccensosccene 125 XEROX 820 I amp H 8 100 Host Xebec wcosnccccscccsessccnceseccees 150 149 Boshert XL81 5630R Disk Drives Cables 5 1 4 20 Multibus Host Xebec cscoscsevcccncanscccescces 195 Watie Maximum Disk Drive Ca
213. ogrammer from typolo gical confusion At times I d give any thing to be able to do something useful inside a control structure rather than having to waste time with booleans Considerably more limiting is Turbo s way of requiring you to enter assembly language routines in machine code Now there s entertainment that rivals Howard Cosell The other day I was working up a mail merge program for Perfect Writ Ineeded a routine in high memory to 1 Load the printer program at the bot tom of the TPA 2 Read addresses byte by byte from a mailing label file 3 Feed them into a formatted letter that is printed repeatedly by Perfect Printer running at 100H A bit of tinkering with raising the ori gin and lowering the stack of my C 80 runtime package generated the driver program along with the necessary di versions for Perfect Printer s attempts to call the BIOS and terminate with a warm boot With a little help from a dozen byte assembly language LDIR and JP routine I was up and running at OA000H Try doing that with Turbo But then again have you ever tried to write a set variable routine in C THE WORLD S FASTEST 9 100 Z 80 SLAVE PROCESSOR TurboSlave I 8 Mhz Z 80H 128k Ram with parity Data transfers to 1 2 RS 232 Ports mbyte second 50 38 k baud 5 100 IEEE 696 compatible 4k Monitor rom e On board diagnostics Low parts count e Low power consumption No paddle boards e TurboDOS compatible GUARANTEED COMP
214. old irons corroded tips and tins of flux even radio flux are no no s The only thing wrong with this article is that Lewis can t take a bit boffer to you it s a baseball bat with spikes commonly used to straighten out pro grammers who write buggy code when you use acid flux and a plumber s torch on your board When you purchase a new soldering tool read the instructions on tinning the tip Tin ning the tip properly is almost as important as using the correct solder I prefer an iron tip instead of copper as they don t corrode as quickly But with either tip you must tin the tip coat it with solder the instant it is hot enough to melt the solder Irons Not Guns For 10 you can get a 15 watt pencil iron or one with a 15 30 watt switch More watts heat the iron faster and can handle heavier soldering jobs but most professionals use 15 watt units or sol dering stations exclusively If you can afford it a Weller soldering station is the best It has a built in stand interchangeable temperature controlled tips and an isolation transformer Soldering guns are too hot too clum sy and they are dangerous to ICs Guns are for old Heathkit radios and subway riders not for PC boards Sponge Etc Use a clean damp sponge to remove old solder and burned flux which pre vent new solder from flowing properly You ll also need hand tools forceps hemostats an X acto type knife diago nal cutting pliers and a wire s
215. om of the BDOS we were able to locate by infer ence the CCP and BIOS In case you for got how we did this Figure 1 is a quick review Note that the addresses in the memory map are offsets from a known loca tion the beginning of the BDOS As you ll recall we determined the lo cation of the BDOS by examining its en try vector at memory locations 0006 and 0007 using the value at 0007 most sig nificant byte to show where the BDOS started Editor s note Transient programs Word Star Perfect Calc can use all the memo ry between 100H and the bottom of BDOS called the transient program area or TPA These programs use the BDOS vector at 0007H as a pointer to the highest address they can use Since the console command processor CCP resides below the BDOS its space can be used by the transient program that s OK since you won t need it again until you return to CP M When you exit a program the CCP is read from the disk and written back where it belongs This action takes place during a warm boot What s A Vector Mr Wizard Here I was with my first article talking about vectors and addresses and stuff and a reader had the nerve to ask what a vector was The word doesn t come up very often in high level language pro gramming so the question makes sense A vector is a fixed location in memory that contains a memory address that may vary In the case of the BDOS entry vector we can look at me
216. on t overrun buffer while not buffer j in J M and j lt i do copy til CR or lt LF gt append the char bump the buffer pointer Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 sent practically verbatim to BASIC I have since extended the program to display the disk directory TYPE files and dump files to the printer The pro gram could be further extended to be come a full blown communication utili ty In fact the Borland SIG on begin writeln Reading BASIC program into memory set up and send LIST command to BASIC fn s LIST 4 m for i 1 to length fn do begin while not txok do port serialio ord fn i end i 03 repeat if rxok then begin buffer i chr port serialio i suce i if buffer i 1 m then write end until keypressed or i gt buffsiz read kbd ch writeln write Name of BASIC program file readin fn if pos fn 0 then fn fn bas assign bas prog fn rewrite bas prog 3 0 getline getline repeat writeln bas_prog line getline until line READY or j gt i close bas_prog write gt end begin sioinit port serialio 32 repeat if rxok then begin ch ehr port serialio write ch end if keypressed then begin read kbd ch if not ch in L S 2 then begin while not txok do port serialio ord ch end end ease ch of L se
217. ore people A 200 page book costs 2 16 each when you print 10 000 If you only print 200 they cost 9 each PO Box 816 Carpinteria CA 93013 Get the price sheet from Ken at Maver ick Publications in Bend OR The num ber is 503 382 6978 I publish through Maverick and they do the whole thing for you typesetting printing binding the whole works for not a whole lot of money If you send them everything on disk it s 20 percent off Ken does it out of his house he has a building in the back He has a Z80 system and three typeset ting machines good stuff Audience Questions And Comments Once you write your book and pub lish it how do you sell it Hampton Advertise advertise ad vertise Micro Cornucopia has very rea sonable rates Second sharply aim your books and then do direct mail A member of the audience added that book reviews are very important Most magazines are looking for books so send copies to key places like Byte Send re leases to smaller publications and be sure to follow up with phone calls Computer shows are great according to another SOG attendee who sold about 350 copies of his bookat theLA Comput er Show He paid expenses the first two days and then made money the next two days He also sells books via his bul letin board The consensus was to do it any way you can It s very hard to get mass distri bution from the major publishers In fact they ve hired a bunch of writers
218. orts 8 and 5 drives simultaneously Auto Density Selection single double quad 2 Serial Ports 1 Centronics Parallel Port SIZE 12 x13 POWER 12 12V 5 WARRANTY 90 days Parts and Labor 780A PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE Centronics compatible printer interface is Standard SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE CIRCUITRY ON BOARD SASI interface provides access to hard disk Compatible with XEBEC and other controllers Just populate with TTL and add connector 4 CHANNEL COUNTER TIMER STANDARD Allows custom software applications User accessible 125Hz interrupt Provides system date time clock 4th Channel used for the NEC 765 interrupt CP M 2 2 BIOS ENHANCEMENTS Allows flexible device assignments baud rate selection auto matic density detection a system date and time clock and hard disk support OPTIONAL CP M 3 0 CP M PLUS Extensive disk buffering speeds system throughout 780 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif Colonial Data Services Corp 80 Pickett District Road New Milford Conn 06776 Telephone 203 355 3178 Colonial Data 56 80 11 Dimensions 13 2 W x 53 e H x 17 D FULL 90 DAY PARTS amp LABOR WARRANTY MODEL 2 380K DSDD DRIVES 895 00 MODEL 2 7 0 DRIVES 995 00 PICK YOUR SYSTEM MODEL 10 Meg H Disk w 380K Floppy 1 895 00 CHOO S E YOUR MODEL 10 Meg H Disk w 780K Floppy 1995 00 OPTIONS SB80 II Board Only Wi
219. ose who were even contacted Micro C held user meetings the last three years for instance and we weren t contacted at all When I called them the first of March to ask about the schedule of user group meetings and regular fo rums they said they hadn t finished working it out In fact they didn t release a schedule until March 13 and then only to people who yelled and screamed How are they supposed to attract attendees when they don t even know what they are offering I can t give you an actual figure on the comparative numbers of booths but I do know that there was a lot of empty space in the Moscone Center I also know that the prices will be higher next year and that the rules have changed Next year exhibitors will pay 15 per square foot rather than 12 Also any one who has a booth this year will not be able to havea 6 by 6 foot booth next year The minimum size for old timers will be 8 by 10 for 1200 This year the 6 by 6 booths were about 500 I heard several reports of exhibitors going into the office to register for next year only to turn tail when they heard the new rules Of course these are the little guys and who needs them Right dBASEd Findings I received a number of cards letters and calls from helpful souls who have themselves faced the dragon dragon Tate and have survived One suggested I make sure my dBASE had been in stalled on the copy of CP M I was run ning you know run the
220. ostage 2 link pe uS Bl of WSS SSS i Mdoe Decoder Board Plus With this nifty little plug in board your e Pro 8 ROM can access up to four 5 A sip y drives You just plug a four drive 34 pin cable 80 into this board and you can add up to two Tiyo additional drives Now you can run any mix of 191K 390K and 784K drives as drives A B C and D You can run your original drives as A and B then add 380K or n 784K drives outboard as C and D You can even run ang four half wides inside your original Kayprol The Plus 4 Decorder Board for only 139 Watch for 4 84 and 10 84 compatible ROMs coming soon SPECIAL PRO 884 NOTE The Pro 884s are sensitive to the version of CP M you are running 1 Neither the Pro 884 nor the Pro 884 Max will run on CP M 2 2U However if you can locate a 2 2F or 2 2G system disk your dealer should have a copy you should be able to run our 884 monitors Don t try to boot F or G before you chunge monitors 2 There are two distinct versions of CP M 2 2G Only the Pro 884 Max is sensitive to the version of 2 2G you have it s the ZCPR in ROM that s the problem If you have 2 2F then you have a Normal CP M So before ordering the Max boot up your original system disk and read the sign on If it s 2 2G then we need to know whether it is the high normal version or the low minus version To determine your version you ll become a Whiz A DDT cr
221. ou shouldn t be able to tell where the solder ends and the wire begins If a solder blob is just sitting on top of the joint then the joint didn t get hot enough This situation is called the cold solder joint Experts ruin their eyes looking for cold joints before or some times after they apply power to newly assembled boards Unsoldering The trick to unsoldering ICs is to get the joint good and hot even use a little added solder to help conduct the heat AND KEEP YOUR TIP CLEAN AND SHINY Then force the Solda pullit solder sucker down over the top of the iron jerk the iron out of the way and hit the button on the sucker Once you get your timing down on this operation you can sometimes lift 16 pin ICs off the board with your fingers after you ve fin ished Usually a couple of pins will still stick after the first pass and you can ei 36 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 ther heat the holes and try to wiggle the chip out or resolder the stubborn pins and then use the solder sucker again If you don t plan to reuse the IC you can cheat by simply cutting all the pins off the chip and then remove the pins one by one by heating them and then pulling them out Heat Damage ICs transistors diodes and plastic of all kinds can be damaged by high tem peratures If you know that it s going to take more than one second to solder a joint for example where a semicon ductor lead is soldered to a large
222. ower prices on some parts due to supply amp demand and our changing costs Shipping amp insurance extra Cash M discount prices shown Orders received by 6 CST can usually be delivered to you by the amp next moming Federal Express Standard Air 6 00 or Priority One 11 50 CONSUME NO EXPANSION SLOTS 109 80 QUANTITY ONE PRICES SHOWN g gt Q Y ice O H a lt Lu gt x w lt 2 LEAP INTO NEW DIMENSION MICRO CORNUCOPIA The Micro Technical Journal WITH AZTEC Cll P O BOX 223 4 RENN ncm j9 Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0780 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker m supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 Er SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION DS AND EXECUTION DON AZTEC FOR CP M 199 BT Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 Software systems e Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 T 901 780 4004 Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS
223. pply When the voltage regulators arrived I started assembling It took just an hour to make a cover for the wiring box Then I used a mica insulator and heat sink grease as I mounted the 12V regulator and its heat sink to the cover Editor s note Most 5V and 12 regulators can be mounted directly to grounded heat sinks without an insulator since their cases are normally grounded Hooking Up the Batteries Since I needed two batteries I took my newly charged boat battery and hooked it up to my car battery via jumper cables yielding a 12 volt common and 12 volt contact I nervously connected the romex house wire from the batteries to the volt age regulators still remembering the last automotive microchip circuit design I made that turned into a burning glob DATESTAMPER has the answers uzina 15K 1 FREE 7 Hart Street San Rafael CA 94901 Then testing the connection with my voltmeter I was pleased to find 12 5 and 12 volts right where they were supposed to be Kaypro Connections I took the cover off my Kaypro and found a good connection point for splic ing into the power lines These contacts conveniently labeled 5 ground 12 and 12 were easy to solder to With short lengths of 16 gauge multi strand wire I carefully connected a fe male plug to these contacts using the same plug configuration that the disk drives have for 5 ground and 12 The 12 was input to the otherwise un u
224. processor 16 bit Operating System 256 Kilo RAM 780 interface 16 bit RAM disk driver 80 2 2 RAM disk driver e 2 2 compatibility sources with tools hardware diagrams board level or case with power supply CO 1686 The only Z80 16 bit co processor includes INTEL 8086 6Mhz no wait states MSDOS 2 11 IBM BIOS emulator Memory expansion to 768K 8087 math co processor e 3 channel Real Time Clock Runs many IBM PC applications Shares hard disk space with CPM80 PC diskette compatilibility on many systems CPMB86 Concurrent CPM is coming CO 1668 The only Z80 16 32 bit co processor includes MOTOROLA 68000 microprocessor 6 Mhz no wait states CPM68K Full C com piler with UNIX V7 library and floats e Memory expansion to 1 25 million bytes NS16081 math co processor e Real Time Clock Complete soft ware development environment e 100 file compatible with CPM80 059 68 UNIX look alike coming in February Dealer Distributor and OEM s invited Hallock Systems Company Inc 267 North Main Street Herkimer N Y 13350 E 315 866 7125 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 I m not going to beat around the bush about this contest see the Editorial for bush beating In short we re having a contest you re invited in fact we re not inviting anyone else and the prizes are really spiffy So Let s G
225. provides access to memory for program development Loads without modifying T e MV CP LN Move and copy multiple files between user areas and disks and link files to share data on the same disk e PR Prints files with pagination control descriptive page headers line and page numbering and single sheet feeding e REVIEW Processes files to optionally be examined erased or renamed Very useful for cleaning up clutter in directories e SPLIT Split a file by lines or bytes into multiple files e UNHI XTABS Strip hi bits and expand tabs in files e TYP Powerful replacement allows you to view print and search through all or part of a file with auto page pause e UNERASE Menu driven utility finds all erased files on a disk and allows you to examine their contents before restoring The ConIX Library List 50 Price indudes manual 8 disk fully commented source code for all utilities and user support 5 4 conversions available Contact your local dealer or add 2 50 UPS 10 foreign NY residents add sales tax Another f ine product of Computer Helper Industries Inc P O Box 680 Parkchester Station NY 10462 DF76E lt R gt FT6E C3 FA F770 00 00 00 00 00 00 60 F8 CB F7 8B F9 72 F9 C3 FA This gives us the following information for drive C DPH ADDR F76E Also addr of XLT pointer DPB ADDR F7CB CSV ADDR F98B ADDR F972 MTAB is easy to find since Morrow places its address right after
226. r ROM addressing the scroll register and the software The extra screen memory is simply piggybacked on the existing screen memory and mapped from 2000h to 3800h If you re using two or more 2716 ROMs in the BBI you ll have to copy them to 2732s since the remapping af fects the ROM sockets 2732As are a good idea at 4MHz anyway The monitor software can be patched but even without changing the ROM you can use the screen Most editors can be re configured to use the whole screen PMATE is easy to reconfigure and quick to scroll using the BBIO PATCH from Sage Microsystems The new system runs most old programs without any changes Pacman Aliens and Games simply run in the top half of the screen You need four more 2114 screen mem ories two 74LS157s and one 74LS138 The 157s piggyback on U49 and U50 connected only to power and ground and the 138 piggybacks on U47 The screen memories should be soldered ev ery pin except pin 8 to the chip under neath The combination runs quite hot but seems to work I tried CMOS 6514s as screen memories but they don t work The Mod Figure 2 is the complete 48 line modifi cation including the changes for inter lace continued on page 47 GRAF 20 29 95 GRAF 2 0 allows you to create amazing graphics on your dot w matrix printer Features include Automatic bar chart and line graph generation Automatic scaling and labeling of both axes
227. r day is the 2X Business Pack The second most popular productis the K16 They announced that the K16 2 has two 360K floppies no winchester is 2550 vrs about 3200 for the K16 with one floppy and a 10 meg winnie K16 Problems A number of K16s both winchester and floppy based units have video cir cuits that go to lunch on random occa sions we re not talking short coffee break here Those displays that are flaky appear to be very sensitive to static elec continued on page 35 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 33 V ew amp 7A Ct AI fw aT FOR YOUR KAYPRO Electronic RAM disk and Printer Buffer Combination the ultimate add on for Kaypro II 4 2 84 4 84 and 2X Computers Incredible speed and efficiency are offered using MicroSphere s dual operation Electronic RAM disk and printer buffer No longer will you need to wait for your Kaypro to slowly finish mundane tasks such as running a printer or waiting for floppy drives to turn when you have better things to do RAM disk size Configuration 256K 215K RAM disk 32K printer UEM eee 395 00 512 470K RAM disk 32K printer buffer 650 007 545 00 512K 430K RAM disk 64K printer buffer 650 00 545 00 1 942K RAM disk 64K printer buffer 200 00 795 00 U S add 5 00 shipping International add 15 00 shipping When ordering please include the model of Kaypro to be used Boards can be upgraded should yours need change Typical speed increases
228. r own comments and you have a book If you don t quote directly then you don t have a problem with copyrights Often you can work out some kind of deal with a small printer Don t settle for royalties you want a bigger chunk So makea cooperative deal with the printer But remember distribution is the hard est thing to do and can rarely be trusted to an outside party Information Sources Finally Hampton recommended ev eryone read The Secret Money Ma chine by Don Lancaster Filter what he says down to what is applicable for you and carry a small salt shaker he s very opinionated Another good book is New Start Publications It s four years old so it s a little dated but still worth reading It s a real bargain Here s why e Only 49 95 plus shipping e 8080 to Z 80 Source Code Converter e Generates Microsoft compatible REL files or INTEL compatible hex files e Compatible with Digital Research e Phase dephase e Separate data program common and absolute program spaces program e Cross reference Generation e Customize the Macro Assembler to your requirements with installation 4 C BUNDLE 99 VIEW CRT Based Disk Diagnostic EZZAP ROM Burning Utility includes schematic C PACK Utilities in C C Games User Modifiable Maze Game All are written in C include Source Code and available separately ICX TOOLKIT ICX ISIS to CP M or MS DOS exchanger for MDS and iPDS each
229. r way Or you can purchase a Pro 8 ROM and run any mix of single sided double sided or quad density disks If you purchase or build a decoder board then you can use three or four drives rather than just two See our ad for info on the Pro 8 version 2 Dana s made it even better If you havea 83 board 81 149 you ll need to do the II to 4 upgrade before you can use the Pro Monitor 4 or the Pro 8 We have the 74504 ICs for 1 50 each postpaid 5MHz Revisited This is another spot where a picture is worth at least a thousand words Most people who are planning on speeding up their83 4 get a plug in board from someone and off they go The boards usually cost between 75 and 100 Otherwise you can add the jumpers shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3 if you are unsocketed and spend your money faster ROM only needed if you really have a II see above and Z80B We have the Z80Bs for 12 For a faster ROM you have your choice of the Pro Monitor II Pro Monitor 4 if you have a 4 or are do ing the II to 4 upgrade in Figure 1 or Pro 8 Double Duty A lot of folks do the speedup and the Pro 8 at the same time since the Pro 8 ROM is a fast part I highly recommend that you do the II to 4 upgrade if neces sary first Connect your board to the power supply drives etc to check out your work Once you ve verified that the Pro 8 is running then do the speedup If there s a problem you won t have
230. ractice a little Pascal string work by applying it to a common enough low level operation the extraction of direc tory information by using a BDOS seek function Suppose I want to examine the file block allocations within the first directo ry sector listing a file beginning with the letter Z I would read a 128 byte sector into an unused spot in memory and then scan the sector to extract the file names and locations in hex from the 32 byte file records See Figure 1 Figure 3 BEGIN men 3 mem 3 AND 3f setting IOBYTE to serial CON file pointer becomes LST pointer ConOutPtr LstOutPtr END REPEAT READ dumpfile c WRITE UPCASE CHR ORD o AND 7 UNTIL EOF dumpfile CLOSE dumpfile END PROGRAM toggle I ARGREAD LIB VAR dumpfile TEXT BEGIN argread ASSIGN dumpfile argv 1 RESET dumpfile IF argv 2 gt LST THEN Figure 4 PROGRAM disker TYPE param RECORD SPT integer BSH byte BLM byte EXM byte DSM integer DRM integer AL integer CKS integer OFF integer number of reserved tracks END VAR dpbptr param reserved disksize blocksize allocptr i integer BEGIN alloeptr bdosh1 27 0 dpbptr PTR bdosh1 31 0 WITH dpbptr DO BEGIN blocksize 1 shl BSH 3 i e 2 BSH 3 in k s reserved 0 FOR 1 0 TO 15 DO reserved END writeln Room left disksize k s END Using the co
231. rate readin baudrate InitPort baudrate write Strip high bit read kbd yn writeln yn bits7 upease yn end SetBaud P ne send chars typed at console to port while echoing received chars PROCEDURE Terminal VAR done boolean ch char begin writeln Terminal Mode baudrate is baudrate writeln Type controle to end writeln done FALSE REPEAT IF KeyPressed THEN ehar typed begin read kbd ch IF ch THEN done TRUE ELSE WritePort ch send it end if keypressed IF ReadPortStat THEN char received write ReadPort display it UNTIL done end terminal PROCEDURE Receive var filename string 80 begin write Name for Received file readln filename assign workfile filename rewrite workfile Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 write Start sending from other end writeln press a key on this keyboard when done et 0 WHILE not Keypressed DO IF ReadPortStat THEN begin ct ct 1 buffer ct ReadPort IF buffer ct M THEN begin WritePort XOFF turn off other end FOR ct2 1 to ot DO dump buffer to file write workfile buffer ct2 et 0 WritePort XON end end save in buffer turn back on if received char M 1f character ready IF ct gt 0 THEN FOR ct2 1 to ct DO write workfile buffer ct21 close workfile
232. rate REPEAT writeln write lt B gt audrate lt T gt erminal lt S gt end lt R gt eceive lt Q gt uit read kbd selection writeln selection CASE upcase selection OF SetBaud baudrate Tt Terminal tR Receive S Send Q E X ELSE writeln Bad Option Try Again end case selection UNTIL upease selection in Q X E writeln Bye now have a good afternoon end End of Listing 128 K PRINT BUFFER CENTRONICS OR SERIAL INPUT OUTPUT MULTIPLE PROTOCOLS 934 X 7 2 INCH BOARD 4 5 Volts at 75 Amp 12 Volts at 1 Amp Se The L BAND SYSTEMS hardware spooler is a Z80 based unit that provides a 128 K byte buffer and interface conversion between Cen tronics and serial Input and output may be either parallel or serial at various baud rates and with several protocols Multiple copy and single sheet feed are supported BARE BOARD with EPROM 2732 and program listings DISK with program source 8 inch SSSD MINI KIT board EPROM headers crystals less disk PARTIAL KIT all parts EXCEPT RAMS ASSEMBLED and TESTED BOARD 128 WALL MOUNT POWER SUPPLY California Orders Add 6 5 Sales Tax Shipped via UPS Check or Money Orders to L BAND SYSTEMS 1037 E Lemon Ave Monrovia CA 91016 818 357 0566 log Z8530 Naturally this chip isn t in cluded in the Zilog manual I have and for some reason I didn t get any sheets for it with the expans
233. re 1 ROM Monitor Fix 11 5FFF 19 1000 HL 4096 HL DE FFRB A BLANK 2 12 DE A FFAC A ATTRIB 7 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 DE CHRMEM 1 HL DE 29 HL BC The cause is the Vertical Sync inter ruptroutine which may occur during the clear process When this happens it is likely that the incorrect attribute will be stored in the video memory A change to the CLRLINE routine in the monitor will correct this The change is shown in Fig ure 1 In order for any change in the ROM to work the code at memory locations 0009 hex through 000D hex must be NOPed out replaced with 00H This code is used to perform a CRC check on the ROM When any changes are made the CRC check will no longer work If not removed it is not possible to get the sys tem to come up The fix changes the order in which the screen is cleared In the original soft ware the cursor position is cleared first then all others in order In the new soft ware the order of clearing is reversed so the last byte to be cleared is cleared first and the cursor position last The fix shown may be changed direct ly in ROM if so desired but don t forget to NOP out the code between 0009h and 000Dh Also don t forget that 2 byte values are entered in reverse order For exam ple the code at 035E should be entered as follows 035E 11 035F FFO 0360 5F Joseph L Kappes 880 Reynard Avenue Cincinnati OH 45231 sCOM
234. re involved we needed to be able to load save BASIC programs from the Kaypro s disk Un fortunately the program s send receive facilities were incompatible with the BASIC Rather than try to modify the comm program no source I wrote the program in Figure 1 A Word Of Explanation The comments should explain most of the program but I should point out a couple of things Because of its lack of hardware scroll assist the Kaypro can t run this program faster than 2400 baud My Big Board will run it happily at 9600 58 baud The Save command buffers the program in memory rather than writing directly to disk for two reasons First since the ROM BASIC does not toggle output on and off with ctl S ctl Q the way CP M does writing to memory was an easy way to avoid missing char Listing continued bas prog text fn string 14 i integer ch2 char begin repeat writeln 1 1 readln fn begin while not txok do end write 4 delay 500 until eof bas prog elose bas prog writeln writeln File sent ch ch2 write ch end procedure get from 8052 const buffsiz 8191 var line string 127 bas prog temp text fn string 14 1 j integer ch2 char procedure getline begin line z tt while buffer j in J M and j lt i do j suec j begin line line buffer Jj j z succ 3 end end if 0 th
235. reader oh how I Love to say that On Speaking Terms Once the port is initialized input and output are simple You just wait until the Transmit Ready or RxRdy Re ceive Ready bit goes on in the status reg ister then output to or input from the data port To test these routines I put in the Ter minal procedure to allow the Slicer to be a dumb terminal to the Big Board Af ter some fooling around with the initiali zation mode bytes I had the Big Board and the Slicer talking Wait For Me The Send and Receive procedures were simple extensions of the existing routines Send worked with MO 740 on my Big Board right away but Receive lost characters while it was busy writing to the disk Fortunately MODEM740 has options for using XON XOFF protocol during informal file transfers I took advantage of this in Re ceive by saving each line of the file in a buffer sending an XOFF writing the line then sending an XON to start the Big Board up again First I tried stopping every 128 bytes instead of every line but I still lost char acters so I had to use a special mode of MODEM 740 that automatically stops at the end of every line waiting for XON After I did this I got perfect transfers ev ery time i Just to be consistent I put XON XOFF checking in Send too I automatically stop and wait for an XON at the end of a line This is because I know the other end wants to stop at the end of the
236. red and Tested 298 00 The Original Better Board SB80 from SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS PRICE Colonial Data has just gotten BETTER YET All Models More on board features like SASI interface Additional 64K Memory installed 60 00 Expansion to 128K and MORE All made to CP M 2 2 Operating System w Manual 75 00 run the most popular programs under the CP M 3 0 Operating System w Manual 275 00 CP M Operating System Models and only uil SASI Interface Option installed 35 00 XEBEC Hard Disk Controller 290 00 Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif Colonial Data Shugart Cabinet Kits un vou own Systems 514 Disk Drives MODEL 1 Metal Cabinet will accept Single Boards up to 12 x16 we E complete with fan RFI filter with power switch front panel ew i n Y MODEL 455 and mounting for two 5 half height floppies Pre punched Met DSDD Floppy 195 00 for 4 DB25 and 1 50 pin In a cludes 60 watt power supply 225 00 2 Over380K Capacity 2 For 370 00 with 12V 5V E MODEL 465 DSQD Floppy 225 00 Same as Model CKP1 but in cludes 90 Watt Power Supply to Over 780K Capacity 2 For 430 00 power half height Winchester 5 hard disk and single 5 425 00 half height floppy e MEER CHEST abine only wi an power switch prepunched 139 00 BOW TO ORDER BN Colonial Data Services Corp Call or Write Colonial Da
237. respective owners Echelon Inc 101 First Street e Los Altos California 94022 415 948 3820 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Integrated BIOS for BB II This BIOS adds special features for floppy and winchester users Floppies Read and write almost any 5 and or 8 disk format 40 formats included Kaypro Osborne Use any type of 5 and or 8 drive SS DS 40 77 or 80 tracks New SYSGEN works directly between 5 and 8 disks May be configured for our new 256K RAM disk ZCPR2 Centronics CP M in ROM etc Winchester Winchester formatter and new Winchester SYSGEN can make the Winchester drive A Supports XEBEC and ADAPTEC controller Subdivides into any specified number of drives Also includes code for the New BB II monitor with all known bugs fixed Price 99 95 BIGBOARD II 256K RAM card less memory chips includes test software Price 99 95 SASI Interface for BB I and Xerox 820I Includes pcb with components BIOS Formatter and Sysgen Winchester formatter automatically assigns alternate track s for track s with bad sector s Using the Xebec controller version F Price 99 95 Ask us about a bios for CP M 3 0 Banked version plus time and date clock for the Bigboard 11 Meet me at SOG for a systems generation workshop and good deals on software ANDY BAKKERS De Gervelink 12 7591 DT Denekamp The Netherlands 31 5413
238. rhead Even when an external MMU was added to the system the 68000 ran faster than the 80286 in five ot the seven benchmarks Benchmarks are well they re bench marks and obviously they re only one consideration for designers But they re food for thought Editor s note Of course there s more to a microprocessor s success than benchmarks The Intel Motorola battle illustrates how marketing can outweigh performance in the battle for industry s pocketbooks In 1981 when the Motorola 68000 was gaining momentum Intel president Andy Grove called in Regis McKenna a public re lations hotshot from Palo Alto California Grove McKenna and six Intel managers met to develop a new marketing strategy for Intel Their project was codenamed CRUSH Very simply its intention was to stop the movement of designers from the Intel chips to the newer 68000 series After surveying the market they conclud ed that if customers compared the 8086 to the 68000 chip to chip Intel would have trou ble The 68000 was becoming more and more popular among software oriented companies while the 8086 was holding its own among hardware oriented companies See The Last Page this issue for details The CRUSH strategy was to play on cus tomers fears They wanted people to worry about the consequences of committing them 12707 Poquoson Dr Austin TX 78759 8086 iAPX186 10 8 1APX286 8 43 2 50 0 96 8 396 0 446 2 357
239. rinter capable of 132 columns for maxi mum usage Terminal installation program module included Supplied on 8 SSSD 5 25 Kaypro and many others please write Special introductory of fer by ABLE DATA SOFTWARE INC PO Box 86923 Station C North Vancouver BC V7L 4P6 Only USA 19 95 postpaid check or money order Public Domain UG Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 Flippies 45 SIG M UG Vol 1 209 on 100 8 Flippies 99 50 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 Flippies 25 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 25 13 8 Flippies 25 UG Games 20 Vols of the best 25 UG Business 20 Vols of the best 25 UG Utilities 10 Vols of the best 25 Rentalis for7 days after receipt with 3 more days grace for return Credit cards accepted pre ferred 5 disk formats 170 available Download ing disk format conversions Call User Group Soft ware Automatic Update Service 7 50 per 2 volume set PP 619 727 1015 24 hrs 619 941 0925 info 9 5 P J s National Public Domain Software Center 1533 Avohill Vista CA 92083 8 Drive Cleaning Kits 12 cleaning disks and car rier jacket made by Datalife regular price 29 95 Close out price just 6 00 each plus 2 00 postage Limit 2 P D Software 1533 Avohill Vista CA 92083 Motorola 68000 Versabus Systems Include CPU I O 512Kb RAM disk controller 13 Mag hard disk 3 000 Hugh Shane 7 Green Meadow Road Pleasantville NY 10570 914 769 4299 Lomas Data Products Thunder 186 S 100 Board for
240. ro s financial ills 286i Speaking of Kaypro s AT clone I thought you d like details The 286i retails for 4550 It comes with 512K of RAM expandable to 15 meg Yeah I know there is absolutely no way anyone could ever use or afford 15 meg of RAM but then I felt that way about 256K justa year ago The system comes with color graphics standard it s not standard on the AT MicroPro software and 8 slots 5 of them empty It comes with two floppies 1 2 meg each The drives can supposedly read 360K disks but as far as I understand they can t write them A number of shops have started offering to up grade your AT to 360K drives so you ll have total compatibility with PCs and all those warehoused XTs The 286i comes with a built in hard disk controller card Kaypro is refusing to get into the hard disk battle so it is letting you add your own I ll be taking a lookat the drive market to see if there are any reasonably priced drives that are al so dependable I saw Kaypro s AT clone at the West Coast Computer Faire and was surprised at how close a copy it is to the real AT If you saw both of them with their lids off you d be excused for not knowing which one was which The physical design of the 286i appears identical to the AT Kaypro has already shipped about 500 units as of early April with major ship ments scheduled for June 1 Kaypro Sales Kaypro sales says that its number one product about 60 70 pe
241. rs Sort System Organize and reorganize any file fixed or variable length records unrestricted sort keys skip or include records or blocks Menu System No need to chain back to menu 39 95 Batch List Utility List many files with one command optional page heading page number or date 19 95 output to printer or another file configure for any printer Dump Utility Decode and display entire file contents x unrestricted construction of menus show hexadecimal integer or 50 value restrict user modification of menus 19 95 x dump to screen printer or disk file enhanced batch processor under the menu begin at any block and dump any number FREE with purchase of any Utility Base Conversion Utility decimal to binary to hexadecimal to RAD50 All 4 Utilities 79 95 Mastercard or Visa call 919 276 6070 29 95 Rolland Management Systems Inc Rt 5 Box 135 Laurinburg N C 28352 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 73 EDITORIAL continued from page 73 formers so far I haven t run these very long yet but Bruce loves his If they stand up well they should they are a definite 10 in my book I ll give them a 9 until they ve had a few more months to prove themselves Shugart has just gone out of business but they are reportedly selling the quads for 70 each in lots of 10 or more and the double sided double
242. s You also have access to all the ROM based functions from the RAM based debugger The BIOS supports interrupt mode 2 including CTC disk drive time out and interrupt driven keyboard operation It also implements the I O byte Other op tions include serial or parallel printer drivers and function key translation on keyboards that send special characters with bit seven set System Requirements New Kaypros 2 84 4 84 or 2X are ready to run the board and software without any modifications Old Kaypro 4s or Kaypros that have already been up graded to a Kaypro 8 can run the board with no modification for single density eight inch but will need to be sped up to 4 or 5MHz to run eight inch double den sity Kaypro 2s will also need to be up graded to Kaypro 4 Instructions for the upgrades are included with the board Big Boards will also need to be running at 4MHz or faster to run double density eight inch Since the adapter board has its own 16MHz oscillator it is very easy to upgrade to 4MHz The system will reside in the first two ROM sockets If you want you can plug a modified PFM ROM that will run with the adapter board in place into the third ROM socket It will be available soon from Micro C It will operate single den sity eight inch only ZCPR 1in ROM will also be available for the fourth ROM socket The modifications are outlined in the system manual 38 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985
243. s the single sided double density but ev ery other track is on the opposite side of the disk This cylindrical configura tion is the fastest method of implement ing double sided operation since it re duces the amount of track to track seeking required All formats including eight inch are automatically determined when the disk is accessed The ROM The for the Big Board is muc closer to the Kaypro ROM than to the PFM monitor Most of the low and inter mediate device drivers are located and executed in ROM Thus Big Board own ers can have a 63K CP M system even with double density and multiple drive types Both the Big Board software and the Pro 8 support the same disk formats Five inch 48 tpi drive capacities are 191K single sided and 390K double sided Five inch 96 tpi drives have a 784K capac ity Micro C Staff The eight inch formats are the same as previously described The drive types can be mixed and in any order CP M can be booted from either five inch or eight inch in any of the six formats Operation At reset the monitor sets up the key board and the floppy disk controller for interrupts Then the processor waits for the first interrupt If there s a disk in drive the monitor autoboots CP M If you hit any key before a disk is inserted into drive A a debugging monitor is loaded into RAM and executed The debugger is a subset of with memory dump edit and port I O com mand
244. s clear style is enhanced by 15 or so cartoons and sever al detailed figures Programming hints are scattered throughout the text A unique feature of Thinking FORTH is the set of interviews that Brodie did while writing the book He quotes often from users vendors and Charles Moore to explain his points There are several detailed FORTH ex amples including a telephone rate cal culator a Roman numeral printing rou tine a tiny video editor and a listing of his DOER MAKE construct for vectored execution All code follows the FORTH 83 standard Summary Of Chapters The book starts with the philosophy of FORTH Is it a high level language How much of the underlying structure should be hidden to the user How efficient is FORTH in designing and executing ap plications Chapter 2 details the analysis phase of software design Brodie points out both the value and the limitations of plan ning Stressing simplicity he suggests defining the decision rules and data structures before programming Chapter 3 concerns the preliminary design and decomposition phase FORTH is an extremely modular lan guage and good decomposition is es sential Brodie shows how the tradition al application design process falls short when applied to FORTH Design and problem solving are dis cussed in Chapter 4 What techniques are best for solving programming prob lems in FORTH How can the FORTH syntax be used most effectively in the fi n
245. s in the micro industry You ll get to talk with the main folks from Slicer Ampro Integrand and Please send me the FREE SOG info pkg I plan to attend the FREE conferences and activities Number of people in my party Please list any special non computer interests you have i e fishing hiking rock climbing sky diving etc Name Address City Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Byte Plus you ll get the inside scoop from the book authors about the trials and tribulations of publishing Thursday Rafting Once again we are kicking off the SOG with whitewater rafting followed by the Kickoff Cookout If you are interested in safe thrills then sign up for one of these professionally guided trips The all day trip includes transpor tation from the college box lunch 4 hours of whitewater up to class 4 and the Kickoff Cookout The Mackenzie River is famous for its whitewater and the road to the river winds along alpine wilderness The 2 hour trip includes transportation from the college 1 hours on the river up to class 3 and the Kickoff Cookout Or you can choose to attend only the Kickoff Cookout with the victorious rafters Thursday Evening Following the Kickoff Cookout we l adjourn to the college for a musical jam session Bring your instruments and tin ears or at least stop by for a laugh Thurs Thurs Thurs Saturday Dorms o YISA Al
246. sed location Then I assembled the output from my power supply to the male plug to match I chose the male female plug arrange ment to avoid inadvertently inserting the wrong plug into a disk drive Ileft the Kaypro end of the plug loose inside my system meaning thatIhave to take off the cover to connect up It would When did we print that letter Has the mailing list been updated Which is the latest version DateStamper keeps your CP M computer up to date avoid erasing the wrong file e back up files by date and time keep dated tax records of computer use simplify disk housekeeping chores OPERATION DateStamper extends CP M 2 2 to automatically record the date and time a file is created read or modified DateStamper reads the exact time from the real time clock if you have one otherwise it records the order in which you use files Disks initialized for datestamping are fully compatible with standard CP M INSTALLATION Default relative clock mode is automatic Configurable for any real time clock with pre assembled code supplied for popular models Loads automatically at power on UTILITIES Enhanced SuperDirectory Powerful all function DATSWEEP file management program with date and time tagging Disk initializer Installation and configuration utilities PERFORMANCE Automatic Efficient Invisible Compatible Requires CP M 2 2 Uses less than 1K memory Real time clock is optional Whe
247. ser to their operating systems Ex perts will undoubtedly see better ways and assure themselves smugly that FORTH or C or assembly language does it better I can only echo Dr Johnson s comment on dogs walking on their hind legs it S amazing not that it s done well butthat it s done at all wildearding feblock setting the dma seek first structured consts have addresses charptr PTR ADDRESS setting the char ptr to beginning of dma BEGIN IF i mod 16 0 THEN writeln rows of 16 ddt style IF i mod 32 IN 1 11 THEN write charptr if in filename ELSE write out hex numbers for other chars BEGIN high nibble of hex byte WRITE CHR j ORD 0 ELSE WRITE CHR j 10 ORD A j ORD charptr mod 16 low nibble WRITE CHR j ORD 0 ELSE WRITE CHR j 10 ORD A 1 charptr PTR SUCC ORD charptr Contents of ARGREAD LIB CONST Don t let CONST fool you these are initialized statics See below argv array 1 1 of stringli5J the COM file itself is number 1 simply the initial memory address in the dma just as in C loop until a null since a blank non blank pair always begins a new argument IF mem PRED place 32 AND mem placel IN 33 126 THEN argv PRED argo argv PRED arge CHR mem place See These CONSTs act just like VARs Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Looking Into File Block Allocations Let s p
248. set for the back side So the sys tem looks on the back side of a single sided disk for the next sector and not finding it simply times out 15 seconds and then resets the drive Once the drive is reset the controller looks on the front side of the disk and away it goes Fix I patched CP M s BIOS basic input output system to always select the front side when it accesses a drive If the track and sector are not there then the system looks on the back side So I patched the BIOS call SELDSK select disk so it al ways selects the front side of the disk Of course if you really need to read or write the back side of a disk this BIOS patch might seem counter productive but the drive controller checks for the 450 Forrest Ave Apt N311 Norristown PA 19401 correct track and sector before doing a read or write and selects the back if the correct sector is on the back side The patch does slow down the first ac cess to a reselected drive if the wrong side is selected e g A bottom gt B top gt Atop but the delay isn t anywhere near the 15 seconds you get otherwise The following listing is the patch I used It also contains the LISTST patch which is already present in the CP M configured by PRO 8SET Look what only 4179 95 adds to your 2 or 4 REVERSE VIDEO REDUCED INTENSITY BLINKING SCREEN GRAPHICS REVERSE SCREEN SCREEN TO PRINTER DUMP Industries new AT 1 VIDEO
249. sks 15 00 above source 3 disks 20 00 Shipping add 5 00 U S A 8 00 Canada no other exports Check or MO only no CODs CA residents add 6 tax Delivery stock to 8 weeks NOTE proprietary software comes with fully commented source code Please enquire about compatability with BB II and other computers Software furnished on 8 SSSD 5 A Xerox for extra charge User s group discounts available See review in MicroCornucopia Issue 22 Feb 1985 For free 6 page spec sheet please write or call Rivendell Audiocomp is a registered trademark of Digital Research P O Box 28937 San Diego CA 92128 619 451 3424 THE PROGRAMMERS SHOP helps compare evaluate and find products Get answers SERVICE FREE LITERATURE One free call covers all programmer s software Ask for a Packet on AI BASIC C COBOL Debuggers Edi tors FORTH FORTRAN Libraries PASCAL UNIX PC or 30 addons for C OUR C Language BRIDE MSDOS C86 8087 reliable 286 call Lattice C the standard call Microsoft C 3 0 new 279 Mark Williams debugger call Instant C Interpreter fast full debug 495 CPM80 Ecosoft C now solid full faster 215 MAC Megamax fast full tight 275 Consulair s MAC C 275 EDITORS Runson BRIEF Intuitive flexible PCDOS PMATE powerful 8080 86 VEDIT full liked 8080 86 XTC Multi tasking PCDOS MS Fortran Improved MSDOS DR Fortran 86
250. ssions section of Micro C We ve hired a couple of ex computer salesmen to categorize submissions before the editorial staff sees them This is a make work project folks the used car lot wouldn t take them back Since these guys don t have the slightest idea what the articles are about we ask you to print the proper category at the top of your submission Categories Every article must fit into one or more or none of the following categories There can be exceptions Technical Fiction Nearly all ofthe material published on computers fits under this category and Micro C is no exception Material which seemed reasonable when we thought it up is often wrong by the time we hit liter the streets The problem is that designers are no longer creating systems to match our descriptions This is why there are so many undocumented and so many unfeatured documents Humor Humor has no place in a formal technical magazine like Micro Cornucopia It may show up because of an editorial oversight by our very active editorial oversight committee but all of our humor is intentionally unintentional Reviews Rave See Technical Fiction 1 Reviews Unbiased See Reviews Rave Inscrutable Tomes You can always spot someone who has just finished a long arduous exhausting debilitating confusing boring stint in academia He s the guy who appends a 20K bibliography to his techtip He has two measures for his wor
251. ssor board Trevor not only designed the system with the help of two friends but he has also written two articles hardware de continued on page 72 EXXRIDm ALD s gt RU CR Rebuttal For Kamas I write to take friendly but spirited ex ception to Jack Rodenhi s lukewarm re view of Kamas by Kamasoft formerly Compusophic Systems My disagree ment is mostly on the degree of useful ness of an outline maker In the few months I ve had Kamas it s been a huge help in getting me started on writing projects To illustrate how I ve integrated Ka mas into my own writing process here s my list of steps 1 Make my outline with Kamas 2 Enter as much text as I want into text leaves 3 Rearrange fix stuff and do general editing 4 Output a WordStar compatible file to disk 5 Call up WordStar for correcting and final editing 6 Call up The Word 4 for checking spelling and typos 7 Switch back to WordStar and print the thing out One other thing Kamas is the only outline making program available right now for the CP M 80 Kaypro It s not as if we had a choice It s either Kamas for my Kaypro or nothing Lucian W Minor Box 1101 Wellfleet MA 02667 dBASE Advice I read Issue 22 and wanted to com ment on your problems with using dBASE II to print your mailing labels I have been programming in dBASE for abo
252. super lit tle system Z80 or otherwise for a rea sonable price He s sending one to Micro C so we ll have our little system together by SOG C Language Conference _ OK East Coast C ers if Bend s too far for you or if you re just dying for a fol low up to SOG IV Computer Language is sponsoring a C seminar workshop September 16 18 in Cambridge Mass C has just been standardized by a spe cial committee of the American National Standards Institute ANSI and com mittee chairman Jim Brodie will be speaking at the seminar on the state of C P J Plauger co author of Elements of Programming Style heads an early list of speakers Attendance fee for the seminar is 695 595 until June 30 On the other hand if you sent your 600 to Ampro For more information con tact Computer Language 131 Townsend St San Francisco CA 94107 Proportional Spacing For WordStar If you re using WordStar 3 3 and need proportional spacing Chaucer Soft ware s little program might be your tick et It requires a letter quality printer and runs on all Kaypros including the 16 It s 19 95 from Chaucer Software P O Box 2308 Princeton NJ 08540 609 734 9016 No Z800 But We ve just heard about a new process or from Hitachi that is upwardly compat ible with the Z80 Thanks to Allan Emord of Albuquerque NM This microprocessor dubbed the 64180 is a high integration VLSI con taining a 64K Z80 CPU serial port
253. symbol signifies pressing RETURN Write down the address of the FF that just precedes the Room Left Byte in this case FB08 and the value of the Room Left Byte BE To find the location of the DPH and DPB in the BIOS we will use Figure 4 a program that uses the CPM SELDSK function to return the address of the DPH for disk C Since the program is short it will be keyed in directly in HEX under DDT then run and the registers examined Now that you ve perused Figure 4 let s have a quick recap In this example we have found for drive C the DPH starts at F76E DPB is at F7CB CSV starts at F98B ALV starts at F972 the Translate Table starts at FB08 and MTAB starts at F845 Translate Table Patch Morrow has a specific way of entering extra sector translation tables The first byte is a designator for the type of drive format and the next word is the length of the table The table itself comes next followed by an FF and then a space re maining byte For SD 8 with six sector interleave the translation table for the Morrow MD 2 is found in Figure 5 DPB Patch The DPB for 8 single density is HEX FOR PATCH DESCRIPTION 1400 DW 026 per track 03 DB 3 Block shift 07 DB 7 Block mask 00 DB 0 Ext mask F200 DW 242 dsk size 1 3F00 DW 63 direct size CO DB 192 j alloc 0 00 DB 0 salloc 1 1000 DW 16 j check size 0200 DW 2 track offset Note The HEX patch data is in form to be patched in IE low byt
254. systems that share a single processor among all of its users multi processing systems don t bog down with heavy user demand Each processor is available exclusively to its user so no CPU time sharing is necessary The only thing that can slow down a multi processing S 100 machine is heavy use of its shared resources espe cially its disk drives In my experience this has not been a problem with Turbo Dos based machines There are great advantages to being continued on page 11 85 9 AUTOMATIC TIMEIDATE STAMPING OF FILES WITH UN IN IRI by MICROCode QP M FEATURES 10096 compatible with CP M 2 2 Uses your computer s hardware software clock 10 15 faster disk read write Resides in same space as CP M 2 2 User selectable default drive user area Works with Z 80 based systems 32k or higher Completely replaces BDOS and CCP Efficient backup utility Requires CP M 2 x except Xerox BigBoard l 9 powerful new transient commands 5 new system calls ATTENTION XEROX AND BIGBOARD OWNERS NO NEED TO BUY CPIM MICROCode offers a custom BIOS for Xerox BigBoard owners including SWP Dual Density users on a bootable QP M disk QPIM STANDARD PACKAGE Includes D Sorted program Displays time date system files and LBR directories QBACKUP Copies and verifies only those source files updated since last QINSTALL Installs QP M on syste
255. t 27H Using the bit designation shown earlier this means there is no in terrupt don t want one here but at the end of the daisy chain timer mode 256 pre scalar falling edge does not apply here so could be either value automatic trigger nothing is ever going to come in to the CLK TRIG pin unless something is connected to it time constant follows to give it the 105 software reset and it is a control word Programming CTC3 The first counter is now happily hum ming along and generating a signal about once every 0 011 seconds CTC3 needs to be programmed now MVI A OC7H lt which is 11000111 binary OUT 1B send to CTC3 port MVI A 93 counter value for this channel OUT 1B send it too highest is bit T lowest is bit 0 to disable interrupt to enable interrupt for timer mode use system clock for counter mode use CLK TRIG pin for divide by 16 ONLY works in for divide by 256 timer mode gt for falling edge ONLY works in for rising edge lt counter gt for automatic start of timer for CLK TRIG pulse to start timer if no time constant follows rare if time constant follows usual choice for eontinued operation rare for software reset usual choice for vector Channel 0 only for control word usual case Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 Again using bit designation we ena bled interrupt for this channel to tell the rest of the computer about the
256. t as Turbo Pascal 2 0 No kidding Then we totally rewrote the file 1 0 system TURBO TURBO MS _ _ The best just got better 20 PASCAL mung ting new _ also now support 1 0 redirection For the IBM PC versions we ve even added turtle graphics and full tree directory suppo or all 16 Bit versions we now offer two addi ional options 8087 math coprocessor support intensive calculations and Binary Code cimals BCD for business application And much much more he Critics Choice _ Jeff Duntemann PC Magazine deal of the century B cs cgi want tne Bes Quantity se sen plea 6995 ee Name a S M SS shipping 2 me 6 City Zip fornia d State cod Telephon and PU c a Cytside USA orders rchase sidents n rs drav bY BO NOT De py bark d a C ing INTO TURBO PASCAL continued from page 5 high bits off and then capitalizes the characters before sending them to the console Easy redirection to the serial printer In this case the space saved is trivial but it looks like Unix Moreover since this is a text file we don t even have gen uine binary stream I O Things will halt with the first ASCII 26 To scan a binary file byte by byte in Turbo the file must first be read into a buffer sector with BLOCKREAD and then scanned by mem or a character po
257. t forget to send in your SOG reg istration form Let us know if you re coming or at least maybe coming even if you re not planning on rafting dining staying in the dorms or feeding the chipmunks The dorm has been full since mid April but you ll find plenty of space in local motels and camp grounds There is an Experimental Aircraft As sociation meet every year During Au gust every home built antique and non antique private aircraft that isn t cruelly tethered takes its family and flies to Oshkosh The airplanes park on a grass field next to the airstrip and the families camp for a week under the wings of their craft ev eryone wanders around meeting every one else I d like to make the SOG into a similar event All I need to do is find an appro priate field and equip it with basic neces sities and we could make SOG a real ex perience not that a lot of families don t already camp out when they come to the SOG In fact the EAA brags that it has the largest collection of porta potties in one place at one time in the world They might even have 5 000 of them Of course 5 000 potties seems like an im possible dream for Micro C but 32032 Support The National 32032 32016 chips have been languishing in the shadow of the 8088 8086 and the 68000 Well Trevor Marshall well known among the Micro C crowd for his BBI winchester de signs has spent thelast year working on a 32032 based co proce
258. t trend toward badmouthing MS DOS It has a few inconsistencies but the concept is just wonderful Besides every mother s dog is using it and that makes it a great development environ ment if you want to make alot of money open your eyes and smell the royalty checks people Anyone who has ever used UNIX long enough to get used to tree d directories like a tree d raccoon only not quite as cute command search paths and byte oriented files can appreciate my frustra tion with CP M and my interest in MS DOS On the other hand anyone who has ever tried to read the MS DOS Pro grammer s Reference Manual Hebrew American edition can understand why I still have reservations about MS DOS Half of the manual is filled with docu mentation of version 1 x function calls that are annotated with Don t use this function use function z instead If you want to do any assembly language pro gramming for MS DOS you ll first have spend 85 extra to buy MASM or fig ure out where to get CHASM a freeware assembler and then take about a month off from everything else to decide which system call you REALLY want to use to open a file I think I ll just stick to C and Pascal on MS DOS at least for now Back to my defense of MS DOS I haven t noticed any glaring problems with it although I ve heard others say they have and it DOES exist and must be dealt with The Slicerimplementation is clean and well done althou
259. ta Orders paid with bank i card or cashier s check are shipped within 3 working ics 80 Pickett District Road days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks New Milford Conn 06776 Shipping Add 2 up to a maximum of 20 00 for UPS 2 Brown shipping within the United States Es Telephone 203 355 3178 The Slicer Column By Laine Stump I was amused by Dave s admission in the February issue to listening to music while typing For some time now I have been listening to music while writing There is a slight difference though While Dave is listening to crashing waves and harps I am typing to the sound of decadent punk rock on the campus FM station that s the only thing they play at 3 in the morning And you all wondered what was wrong with me Give Me A Break Finally some first hand news about great new toys After spending three days in Yellowstone Park in the middle of a snowstorm spring break I packed up my Slicer my PC Expansion Board and my Memory Expansion Board and a genuine IBM keyboard and monitor bor rowed from the local computer store and holed up spare bedroom to play I came out of the room with four things an opinion a Pascal program that uses the SC2681 UART chip to send and re ceive files a story to tell and a big fat smile MS Is NOT A Disease I don t know if I should admit this but I played around with MS DOS quite a bit too I m not sure what to make of the curren
260. taloger can be a big help in managing your computer files Why not go with the best EUREKA is a terrific time saver for Lawyers Accountants Software Developers Researchers Writers Secretaries Teachers Consultants Project Managers Journalists People who try EUREKA love it Just started cataloging with comments Great Idea GR MI Great time saver in locating material on disks WB NY Your manual is the best written have ever seen MT NS We finally chose EUREKA largely because it has the ability to read comments directly from a file EUREKA is easy to learn and use has more access and report choices finds files by many different ways and has an attractive price T Bove amp C Rhodes USER S GUIDE No 11 EUREKA the popular CP M disk cataloger Still only 50 Mendocino Software Company Inc Box 156A Willits CA 95490 707 459 9130 VISA amp MasterCard add 2 50 shipping Calif residents add 6 sales tax accepted A EUREKA package is designed to run on only a single system Licenses for additional systems for a single user are 15 each EUREKA is a trademark of Mendocino Software Company Inc CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Hi WarmBoot 100 DisplayHex CopStart Write M J TPA Ending Address DisplayHex TpaEnd TpaEnd Hi BdosJump 100 800 end Zorba Offsets BiosStart FFFF BdosStart BiosStart 00 BIOS
261. tatements f var put f are equivalent to write f var and var f get f are equivalent to read f var This may seem backwards but there is an implied GET when a file is reset so file input is a look ahead operation Some compilers may only allow writes to files that have been opened with RE WRITE More Differences RESET REWRITE will probably be dif ferent and if any random file is used expect to rewrite an entire section of the program You will have to totally reconstruct non text data files Text files and un typed files which some compilers don t support are the only means of transfer ring data between compilers since all other files are written using the same bi nary format the compiler uses for inter nal data storage String procedures are another prob Figure 1 Comm Program Rewrite c 1 program basic const baudrate 10 brport 0 serialio 4 serialstat serialctl serialstat initvals rdabit 1 tbebit var ch char function txok boolean array 3 5 of byte c1 44 ea 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 lem area because they lack a defined standard and have unique extensions Some compilers allow the operator to concatenate strings while others use only the CONCAT procedure The range of allowable operations between STRINGS character arrays and CHAR variables will also differ widely Comparisons JRT no
262. tdoors If the joint you re soldering is really cor roded it may be necessary to scrape it clean with a knife or small file Remember the first thing that gets soldered is the iron When it gets hot 535 NW 15th Corvallis OR 97330 enough to liquefy the old solder clean the tip with the sponge Also solder is miserable glue Make sure the pieces being soldered don t de pend on the solder to stay together Surgery Assemble your tools and parts on a clean work surface Formica is very good in a well lit area Prepare the sur faces for soldering For your first few solder joints try something disposable like two pieces of wire While the soldering iron is heating up cut off a piece of solder 5 to 50 long Wrap it around your index finger so it s firm but doesn t cut off your circulation Extend it about an inch from your finger Test the temperature of the iron by touching the tip with the end of your sol der The solder should melt immediately on contact If it doesn t wait a bit As soon as the tip s hot enough and it s bright and shiny touch the tip of the iron to the surface to be soldered Take your strand of solder and touch it to the tip of the iron as close to the soldering surface as possible As soon as the liquid solder wicks onto the surface remove the soldering iron and inspect your work The solder should be hard al ready and should look like the wax around the wick of a newly lit candle Y
263. ticle When we receive an article we send out a disk pronto Then when we print the article we send out additional goodies the 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 special feature for each issue is worth 75 five copies of Micro C and an author s T shirt great for wearing at the SOG The regular articles are worth 25 three magazines and the author s T shirt Tri Flow Triumphs I am in a group of nine engineers working for Xerox providing technical hardware and software support to about 1300 technicians in four states for our copier and duplicator lines A while back in your Kaypro Column of Issue 15 you stated that Xerox Service Centers use WD 40 to lubricate disk drives To bring you and Micro C readers up to date in early 1984 Xerox cancelled the use of WD 40 and began using Tri Flow in its products There were some good reasons for this decision Several fires in our copier du plicators were caused when WD 40 spray came in contact with a high voltage component created an arc and ignited In addition we felt that although WD 40 did a good job of washing the old lubri cant from a bearing its own lubricating properties were very short lived The only good application I can think of for WD 40 in any of our products is to clean nasty dirty drive chains I am very much in favor of lubricating the lead screws and slides with Tri Flow The standard CP M 80 that comes with the 820 II 8
264. tion in the array constant HexLtr The re sult is stored in HexStr at the first posi tion We ll do the same with the remainder mod 16 Then we repeat the whole process on the least significant byte Now that we have our little hex con verter we can make sense out of the ex ample in Figure 3 3746 29th St San Diego CA 92104 Absolute Variables Some explanations First the integer variable BdosJump is positioned at ad dress 0006 the BDOS jump vector using the reserved word absolute An abso lute variable is a variable whose value reflects that of a particular memory loca tion Absolute variables behave some what like PEEK or POKE depending on what side of the assignment statement they are on Figure 4 illustrates this While it is safe for absolute variables to be on the right of an assignment state ment be careful when the absolute variable is on the left since the wrong value in the wrong place could have di sastrous consequences OK so moving right along First we use our DisplayHex procedure to display the HEX value of BdosJump Then the most significant byte of BdosJump is ob tained with the HI function and multi plied by 100H We multiply by 100H be cause the BDOS starts on an even page of memory xx00H Then we again display the result us ing DisplayHex The BDOS Entry Vector BdosJump will usually be an address 6 higher than the start of the BDOS due to the Digital Research serial number
265. to check both mods to find it One part of the speedup that many people leave out including the speedup kit manufacturers is the CAS MUX change You could do the CAS MUX change even if you aren t speeding up your system Your Kaypro will run more solidly at 2 5MHz after this simple change IBM s Kaypro Clone I understand that at a Washington D C show during the first week of March Kaypro displayed its 286i AT clone had a very large booth but no to demonstrate Some people wise guys no doubt stopped at the IBM booth asking to see the Kaypro clone IBM didn t see any humor in the ques tion no humor at all However the story is definitely generating some chuckles around Kaypro A lot of anxious people placed orders for the 286i contingent on delivery with in 90 days It seems they had tried plac ing orders with IBM but the delivery dates were too far out and who knows if an IBM will work what with their rep utation and all The rumor I m hearing is that IBM has warehouses full of XTs because sales of the8088 system with a winnie died when the AT was announced So hoping to clean out the XTs IBM stopped shipping the hard disk version of the AT But deal ers were adding winnies to the floppy based ATs so the XTs still sat Finally IBM simply shut down all AT shipments in hopes that within nine months the XTs will disappear Those warehouses full of XTs might be just the medicine for Kayp
266. ton Carla Miller Laura Pendley Typography Patti Morris amp Martin White Irish Setter MICRO CORNUCOPIA supports systems programming languages and builders of single board and 5 100 systems Application to mail at second class postage rates is pending at Bend OR 97701 and addi tional entries Published bimonthly by Micro Cornucopia Inc 155 NW Hawthorne Bend OR 97701 Postmaster Send address change to Micro Cornucopia Inc PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 yr 2nd Class 16 00 1 Canada amp Mexico 22 00 1yr Other foreign 30 00 Make all orders payable in U S funds on a U S bank please ADVERTISING RATES Available on request call Alice Holbrow CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send your old label and new address SOFTWARE HARDWARE AND BOOK VENDORS We would very much like to re view your software Single Board and S 100 products Send materials to the Review De partment Micro Cornucopia Copyright 1985 by Micro Cornucopia Inc All rights reserved ISSN 0747 587X June July 1985 The Micro Technical Journal No 24 On Your Mark A Contest To Start All Contests Usually people announce contests to end all contests This one is a beginning We ve been sitting around trying to de cide how best to do it and meantime nothing has happened We kicked around the idea of leaving it open You know anyone can use any language create any length program on
267. tripping tool Also a little vice is handy for hold ing small parts A little vice might be kinda fun if they don t put the clamps to you If you never make mistakes and never change circuits then you won t need a desoldering tool I do My favorite is a Solda pullit desoldering pump The conductive model doesn t hold a static charge so it won t zorch those spendy little ICs Wire You ll need two kinds stranded and solid Solid wire is easier to use but stranded wire is best if the wires will be flexed Insulation You can buy wire insulated with either enamel plastic or teflon I strongly rec ommend teflon It doesn t scratch off isn t too expensive and doesn t smell bad My favorite is Wire Wrap wire Surface Preparation Soldering involves a strange alchemy of several metals copper tin lead and flux There s no room for dirt oxidized sol der or burned flux on the tip of your iron or on your circuits Quickly wipe the iron s tip across a damp sponge when it first reaches soldering temperature and then immediately coat the tip lightly with solder You will need to repeat the wiping and coating process while you are working so that the tip remains bright and shiny Clean up the circuit with isopropyl al cohol and a stiff plastic brush Isopropyl alcohol evaporates readily so you won t need to dry off the board but this alcohol is not good to breathe so work in a well ventilated place preferably ou
268. tured above Size 17x14x12 Room inside for mounting above monitor power supply amp S B C PERFECT FIT FOR XEROX 820 1 BOARD NEW SHIPPING WEIGHT 12 LBS ENCLOSURE ONLY KEYBOARD amp ENCLOSURE 80 X Y scanned microprocessor controlled ASC 1I encoder kit ROM source code supplied 17 8 5 3 New with schematics weight 8 ibs KEYBOARD ENCODER KIT ENCLOSURE 60 00 Regulated power supply 6 outputs 5v 4A 12v 0 2 24 1 2 A 24v 0 2A 15 2 6 A 14x4x3 10 Ibs New REGULATED POWER SUPPLY ARKON ENGINEERING PO Box 1390 Palm Bay FL 32905 305 777 7254 evenings TERMS Prepaid or UPS COD CASH OR CERTIFIED Figure 1 Chip Changes For An Adjustable Interlace U10 U11 P13L U23P5 or P11 P12 U11P3L solder 15k in parallel with r5 P3L U10P12 this modification speeds up the display Test and readjust your monitor before continuing 021 037 038 050 P11 U50 P1 P13L U38P12 P6 U51P10 P10L U50 P P12 U21P13L P8 15 74LS157 solder P8 to 050 8 and P16 to U50P16 P1 U21P11 P2 U51P12 P3 U51P5 P5 U50 P3 P6 P8 P9 P7 001uFd to P8 6 8k 10k trimpot to P16 mount on top of chip P10 U3TP6 P12 U50 P2 2 Interlace Wiring From The Interlace Modification U9 P1L U10PAL U21P1 P3L U21P4 PYL U21P1 U9P1L P12 U11P3L P13L U23P5 P3L U10P12 P5L P6L P1 U10P4L U9P1L P2 U22P12L P4 U10P3L P6 U22P10
269. uctor ribbon cable 34 pin card edge ribbon cable connector 34 pin header 34 pin ribbon cable socket 50 pin card edge ribbon cable connector 50 pin header 50 pin ribbon cable socket 50 conductor ribbon cable 741574 dual D FF 74LS193 binary counter 74LS123 dual one shot Quantity about 8 10 one one one one one one as needed one one one 7415157 or 71415257 quad 2 to 1 mux 4 7 resistor 1 resistor 220 Ohm resistor 10 K pot 33 pF mica capacitor 1 uFd capacitor 10 uFd Single Board Computer FAST 6MHz Z80B CPU one two one one one four one POWER THAT GOES ANYWHERE POWERFUL 64K to 256K RAM 2K to 64K ROM 5 and 8 Floppy Controller 2 RS 232 Centronics Port FLEXIBLE 50 pin I O Expansion Bus SMALL 594 x 10 DAVIDGE CORPORATION 292 East Highway 246 PO Box 1869 Buellton CA 93427 280 is a registered trademark of Zilog Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 805 688 9598 Keeping Real Time The Ztime I Review By Ron Biedenbach One shortcoming of 8 bit computers is their inability to time date stamp files One solution is the Ztime I calendar clock by Kenmore Computer Technolo gies Ztime I is based on the National Semi conductor 58167 and is available in four flavors bare board kit assembled and tested and assembled tested and trimmed for time accuracy Easy To Assemble
270. ults one concludes that the 286 can t be three to six times faster than the 8086 In fact the 8086 beats the iAPX286 in the I O Interrupts bench mark and finishes close behind in three others In all cases the 12 5MHz 68000 was faster than the iAPX286 It s worth noting that the iAPX186 is slower than the 8086 in five of the seven benchmarks Even if you extrapolate the iAPX186 to 10MHz it s not much better than the older 8086 What about the 8088 It s in their benchmark report for the Z80 EDN asked Intel to send in the code for their benchmarks but Intel refused Mo torola interpreted Intel s refusal to mean thatthe code for theiAPX286 was solong and clumsy Intel would be embarassed to see it in print Why The Discrepancy One explanation might be the seg Figure 1 Intel Vrs Motorola Benchmarks MC68000 MC68008 12 5 1 0 Interrupts 25 6 1 0 Processing 259 2 String search 127 0 Bit Manipulation 55 4 10 57 6 573 6 372 6 116 1 Linked List 116 8 Quicksort 13 9 Bit Matrix 289 1 mented architecture of the 80 86 family The maximum memory address in that case is 64K Since the iAPX286 has an on board MMU memory management unit the MMU takes over and updates the segment registers when the software addresses an out of boundary location This creates a significant overhead when compilers operate on large data areas The 68000 can address anywhere in its 16 Megabyte address space without any ove
271. ured programming on this disk including one program written both ways so you can see the difference SCREEN DUMP This is a screen dump for all KayPro s new and old You can buy a similar package elsewhere for 60 4 KayPro Disk K22 ZCPR This disk is filled with ZCPR files You get ZCPR forthe KayPro 1 KayPro 4 and the KayPro 10 This version is fixed so that you can pass control characters from the keyboard to the printer and you can choose to have it recognize the semi colon for drive select as well as the colon So you canenter B or B to select drive B Super neat ZCPR for those of you who don t know makes CP M a lot friendlier It searches drive Afor any COM fileit doesn tfind on the current drive the TYPE command scrolls text 24 lines ata time and a new LIST command outputs a file to the printer Write or call for a free catalog also included with each order from MICRO CORNUCOPIA VISA amm Bend OR 97709 NBSP Box 223 mesmo 503 382 5060 9 5 PST Monday Friday DISK 12 00 ea postage paid e KAYPRO USERS DISKS for Kaypro ll 4 and 10 KayPro Disk K23 Fast Terminal Software amp New BYE KayPro Disk K24 MBASIC Games amp Kevboard Translator We sifted through many many games before coming up with these gems will work on any KayPro and all come MBASIC source USOPEN shows you the fairway on the screen You select the club and direction for e
272. ut 212 years but the version num bers you mentioned were new to me Are they Kaypro dBASE version num bers CP M 80 dBASE is currently up to version 2 41 Version 2 3B was full of bugs 2 40 was a good improvement and 2 41 added a little more If you re not using at least 2 40 I d suggest you get it It could be your problem I wouldn t use 2 3B for anything Iam about 90 percent finished re writ ing The Master Check Register program Version 2 0 will be called Turbo Cheques I started programming in Turbo Pascal last summer and saw the advantages of switching over from dBASE to Turbo P I decided to re write the entire program in Turbo Pascal The speed improvement is unbelievable In addition there are many things Turbo P has that dBASE II lacks Procedures and Functions no 32 field limit no 64 memo ry variable limit etc I feel free to be more creative in my programming designs The 8 bit CP M Compiler from Word Tech is a flop It is far too slow to compile and link and the finished application runs SLOWER than in dBASE II It is worth the effort to learn to program in Turbo Pascal to do 8 bit CP M program ming The speed improvements over dBASE II are enough by themselves And remember Turbo P only adds 8K to your total applications file size For the RunTime library Ralph E Freshour 7 Silver Eagle Road Rolling Hills Estates CA 90274 Editor s note Thanks for the comments Ralph The ver sion
273. w Nevada Pascal source is particularly difficult to translate because of its non standard syntax and relaxed type checking Translations among Pas cal MT Pascal Z and Turbo Pascal are somewhat easier but can still bea chore Pascal M to MT or Turbo translations are somewhere in between Sad to say continued next page Disable ctl char interpretation 2400 baud using COM8116 SIO channel baud rate register SIO A data 1 0 6 SIO A control status initialization values for register 3 5 receive data available status bit 4s transmit buffer empty status bit Read SIO status return TRUE if xmit buffer empty begin txok port serialstat and tbebit lt gt 0 end function rxok boolean Read SIO status return TRUE if receive char available begin rxok port serialstat and rdabit lt gt 0 end procedure sioinit initialize sio registers var i byte begin port brport baudrate port serialotl 0 for i 3 to 5 do begin port serialotl i port serialctl end end procedure send to 8052 send a disk file to BASIC var line string 128 Micro Cornucopia Number 24 June July 1985 initvals i set COM8116 rate register disable SIO interrupts register address register data longer than needed for insurance Listing continued 57 PASCAL PROCEDURES continued from page 57
274. y 3 Epson 80 setup for BB 1 with 59 5K CP M 4 Epson 8 setup for any CP M lets you set print modes 5 Micro Tek print driver Ports A amp B USERS DISK 12 Games for BBI 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BBI 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS see how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 General Utilities BB 1 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as overlay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE very fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO3 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEM2 lets BB II talk to Hayes Smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files enter numb
275. y Turbo contains a set of predeclared I O pointers that can be redirected with a simple equals sign The example in Figure 3 reads a file in dicated by the command line strips the continued on page 7 5 _ The industry standard With more than 250 000 users worldwide Turbo 3 0 Pascal is the industry s de facto standard Turbo Pascal is praised by more engineers hobbyists lt Students and professional programmers than any um other development environment in the history of microcomputing And yet Turbo Pascal is i simple fun to use _ ONE STEP COMPILE NO LINKING NECESSARY Benchmark run on an BM PC using MS Pascal version 3 2 and E Ep DOS linker version 2 6 The 179 line program used is the Gaus Turbo Pascal is available today for most Seidel program out of Alan R Miller s book Pascal programs for puters running PC DOS MS DOS CP M 80 or clentists and engineers Sybex page 128 with a 3 dimensional 86 A XENIX version of Turbo Pascal will Singular matrix and a relaxation coefficient of 1 0 bit gbit Ad MS DOS Mine is pc DOS a Use CPIM compute e iS ek 5126 153 The disk gh Qe We just added a whole range of exci features to Turbo Pascal First the world s fastest Pascal compiler just got _ faster Turbo Pascal 3 0 16 bit version compiles twice as fas
276. you are working for friends you really need to have a written agree ment If you don t you ll lose a friend Anyway how do you find a good bro ker One way is to ask around Almost everyone has a friend or a friend of a friend who works or has worked through a broker Personal references are your best clue to who s reliable and who s not My broker is Mini Systems Associates 634 Venice Blvd Marina del Rey CA 90291 A lot of executive recruiters keep re sumes on file and they sometimes func tion as brokers but you need to watch them with a jaundiced eye Books So you ve decided to start writing and publishing your own books What do you write about Look at the computer market right now On one hand there is the flood of beginner s texts and on the other hand there are the incomprehen sible tomes by people trying to convince you how smart they are There is almost nothing in between That leaves a very large market of all those people who have read all those in troductory texts and are sick of them They are waiting to go one step farther Atthe very least youcan take some clev er program you ve written or some neat piece of hardware and narrate it step by step Don t leave anything out and let them in on special tricks you use that make all the difference Pricing By self publishing you don t have to charge 34 95 per book You can charge 12 or 15 still turn a handsome profit and reach far m
277. you can expect to see using MicroSphere s RAM disk 4MHz Kaypro Floppy Disk RAM Disk Recalc 14K Perfect Calc 9 31 25 1 17 78 Load LADDER COM 9 38 2 12 Loa Printer Buffer 24 61 pages words using PIP E the LST device Time in seconds Comes complete with cabinet cables software and connectors TLC LOGO for Kaypro Computers Easy and exciting language for all ages TLC LOGO is an exceptionally complete logo with vectors multiple turtles full floating point decimals and extremely fast program execution TWO versions offered STANDARD version using only internal graphics of Kaypro 2 84 4 84 2X and 10 no hardware additions or modifications are required 16 000 pixel resolution DELUXE version for all Kaypro Computers that have the Micro Sphere Color Graphics board Features 16 colors 32 sprites 49 000 pixel resolution and utilities such as screen dump to printer or disk Time comparison of 3 common Logo programs currently DRLOGO TLCLOGO Apple LOGO 320k IBM PC 64k Z80 64k Apple Circle test 10 seconds 3 seconds 22 seconds PolySpirall 17 4 11 PolySpiral2 out of stack 7 out of stack Square Test 27 10 41 Four Bugs 78 6 N A req 4 turtles Times provided by The Lisp Company note out of stack indicates inadequate implementation of tail recursion DR LOGO is copyright Digital Research Company Apple Logo is copyright Apple Computer Company and TLC Logo is copyright the Lisp Company Stan

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