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1. 0402 Multilayer Tru ceramic chip capacitors gt Quartz ails FA Crystal Order code 90 3151 1 4in Single turn potentiometers Tru n O A AAA Order code 68 0280 Order code 71 1883 pack 100 5mm Ceramic trimmer capacitor Order code 12 0210 F Truff LED Displays I d Kingbright ar 4 i ii a a gt g Order code 57 0140 High voltage LCD Displays ceramic capacitors Order code L 08 1530 i Order code 57 0905 MICROCONTROLLERS Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors Order code 71 0501 NE555 Timer ICs Order code 82 0336 1fin Single turn cermet potentiometers Tru Imra Aa Order code 68 0041 Heatsinks Order code 36 0235 Square illuminated PCB switches Order code 78 2332 SMD Power inductors 4 Order code 88 1241 _ Data entry g keypads RVFM Order code 78 0305 wy EE hays Rapid Electronics Limited Severalls Lane Colchester Essex C04 5JS Tel 01206 751166 Fax 01206 751188 Email sales rapidelec co uk Website www rapidonline com a SPST LED Tip Dual colour LED illuminated switches RVFM Order code 78 2335 SPST Oval LED FT rocker switch Order code 75 0356 toggle switch Order code 78 0374 Je defining the standard gt ELECTRONIC ee P x n b e i pi P Lineesengeee si eegee gt
2. orange black black orange brown red red black orange brown brown green black orange brown brown black black orange brown red red black red brown brown black black red brown yellow violet black brown brown orange orange black brown brown brown red black brown brown green brown black black brown red violet black gold brown ihe 2b lttO TA L K MARK NELSON STRANGE BUT TRUE Contrary to the futile search in iraq the search in 1945 for German weapons of mass deception had spectacular results as Mark Nelson now relates ECENT discussion on the destruc FR applications of low frequency sound waves on the EPE Chat Zone www chatzones co uk discus messages 7 2836 html brought to mind earlier attempts to harness invisible waves for strategic purposes In a long forgotten British book of 1943 On The Way To Electro War by Kurt Doberer the author sums up The stop ping of motor cars tanks and other vehicles by electricity is effected by throttling their engines a matter which involves no fatal consequences to the occupants in itself But the vehicle which has lost mobility is an easy prey to the enemy s guns Drowning by Electricity He goes on to describe the trials of the Danish experimenter Rawn in 1935 whose rays could allegedly put aero engines out of commission at a distance of 50 to 60 miles He also explains how it could be possible to disable motors by surrounding them with clouds of ionised air a
3. Wh GREAT cro a n E gge20e0e a ees EDEMA GAM LEVEL METER HOME THERRET SOUND LEVEL CHECKER GreatiforPA too un geen Vol 35 No 8 5 95 US 7 99 CAN AUGUS PRINTED IN THE UK OQuera 4a FOUND PaO SUM Copyright 2006 Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND UK and TechBites Interactive Inc PO Box 857 Madison Alabama 35758 USA All rights reserved WARNING The materials and works contained within EPE Online which are made available by Wimborne Publishing Ltd and TechBites Interactive Inc are copyrighted You are permitted to make a backup copy of the downloaded file and one 1 hard copy of such materials and works for your personal use International copyright laws however prohibit any further copying or reproduction of such materials and works or any republication of any kind TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd have used their best efforts in preparing these materials and works However TechBites Interactive Inc and Wimborne Publishing Ltd make no warranties of any kind expressed or implied with regard to the documentation or data contained herein and specifically disclaim without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Because of possible var
4. 54 We also have a wide range of competitively priced USB interface modules and cables ideal for implimenting one off designs through to full mass production runs Our on line shop accepts payment by credit card no minimum order restrictions apply 11 10 e Easy solution for attaching iv MCU to USB o Fully 5 5y U eorrinatible I O 3V I O version also available TTL UART interface e FIDI VCP or D2XX Drivers avai e 1 8m long 6 way cable omna e 6 pin SII 0 1in pitch 2RQ embedded into USB type A plug e Data transfer rates from 300 baud to 3M baud e Optional RTS CTS or X ON X OFF handshaking signal levels pin socket rras eri 2 gt e 24 Pin DIL f Modules e FT232RL USB UART Ne ae ormat USB Cp 45 UM2 4 R pins fit s i c socket e USB Self C e Turned ta naar 24 pin Bus powered options 3V Sy O signal level UM232R O Pins available V silable UM245R e Full set of UART Interface Pins e All multi function CBUS GPIC Enable cont UM232R e Powel 6 99 e Protect your application software with this low cost USB software security dongle ChipID Feature returns unique number for every dongle EEPROM area allows storage of infor User customer mation and validation data own encryption scheme e Basic demo software in VB and VC 4 e Devise your included bundle Optional Software Guardian application software available erometer Modul The DL
5. AC current 200mA 20A 1 8 esistance 200 Ohms 20M RJ45 Outlet Kit Backing Box 2 Gang Plate RJ45 Module Ohms 40 8 S anoe 2000pF 20yF 42 5 E EA i Temperature 0 C 1000 C 1 5 2 99ea 2 42 10 a Frequency 20kHz 1 Max display 1999 Teele St Power supply 9V PP3 battery Plastic punch down tool Dimensions _88 x 173 x 40 mm amp cable stripper 140 g aa Professional punch down IDC amp trim tool 7 38 Magnifying Desk Lamp Outlets A AT aualii scratch resistant CAT5e Outlet Module 1 70 e magnifying g ass fitted to a bal 1Gang Plate 2 Mods 0 50 eN anced swivel arm and desk 2 Gang Plate 4 Mods 0 75 mount An integral flourescent Ye Module Blank 0 25 tube provides illumination 1 Module Blank 0 30 Magnification 3x Lens 120mm x 2 Module Blank 0 45 Tube 22W Daylight simulation Other keystone outlets switches amp accessories avail Model 028 205 28 80 able Patch amp Cross over leads from 0 A Fs Prices Exclude Vat 17 Tel 0191 2514363 a Road 9 E UK ee 2 50 T na lkg JU greater than Ikg Fax 0191 2522296 Tyne amp Wear k heques Postal orders payable to sales esr co uk NE30 4PQ E ESR Electronic Components PLEASE ADD CARRIAGE amp VAT TO ALL ORDERS I EVERYDAY PRACTICAL Ics Editorial Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS EDITORIAL Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408
6. Nokia phones The VoIP revolution is here is up to date and whether you are protected against virus infected file exchanges via IM networks something quickly overlooked in the heat of the moment The writer s preferred Avast anti virus package free for home to stay and as bandwidth increases which it surely will in years to come we will not give a second thought about calling on a packet network our friends or colleagues anywhere in the world often using high users from Wwww avast com er resolution video and mobile communications to reach includes an IM shield for MSN Messenger Yahoo Messenger Skype ICQ AIM and many more across thousands of miles for next to no cost except for the mountains of obsolete hard ware that we will discard along MSN Messenger no messing Win the Ultimate House Party with Xbox Live and MSN Spaces the way Next month a security How is MSN Messenger in practice The writer found it necessary to jump through a 70 MSN Messenger Video Conversation with Chat window on the left The latest Live Messenger is starting to supersede the version shown application for your webcam You can email the writer at alan epemag demon co uk Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Build Your Own Weather Station SP1 15 x 5mm Red LEDs SP2 12 x 5mm Green LEDs SP3 12 x 5mm Yellow LEDs SP7 12 x 3mm Green
7. PIC Toolkit TK3 for Windows software details John Becker Nov 01 Plus these useful texts to help you get the most out of your CD ROM ORDER FORM PIC programming EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 Please send me uantity EPE PIC RESOURCES V2 CD ROM How to Use Intelligent L C D s Julyan llett Feb Mar 97 a y PIC16F87x Microcontrollers Review John Becker April 99 Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world PIC16F87x Mini Tutorial John Becker Oct 99 NAMING 3444 06 6 5 eta eee eee beets oboe based baw ew oo Using PICs and Keypads John Becker Jan 01 PASS ecaa ew eed a ee nee ak ws ds E ee ees eee es I How to Use Graphics L C D s with PICs John Becker i Feb 01 Bh EE ul Seto E E Ge ova fo T E EEEE es eee l PIC16F87x Extended Memory how to use it i John Becker June 01 PO eee l PIC to Printer Interfacing dot matrix John Becker l Post Code L i July 01 EEEE T E E EE EE eenees PIC Magick Musick use of 40kHz transducers John Becker Jan 02 Programming PIC Interrupts Malcolm Wiles Mar Apr 02 Using the PIC s PCLATH Command John Waller July 02 EPE StyloPIC precision tuning musical notes John Becker July 02 Using Square Roots with PICs Peter Hemsley Aug 02 Using TK3 with Windows XP and 2000 Mark Jones Oct 02 PIC Macros and Computed GOTOs Malcolm Wiles Jan 03 Asynchronous Serial Communications R
8. The Internet Page BACK ISSUES ONLY 3 80 each inc UK p amp p Overseas prices 4 50 each surface mail 5 50 each airmail We can also supply issues from earlier years 2001 except Feb May Aug to Nov 2002 except Feb June Aug to Nov 2003 except June 2004 except June July Oct and Dec 2005 except Feb Nov Dec 2006 except Jan Feb Where we do not have an issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be provided at the same price ORDER FORM BACK ISSUES PHOTOCOPIES INDEXES L Send back issues dated L Send photocopies of article title and issue date O Send copies of last five years indexes 3 80 for five inc p amp p Overseas 4 50 surface 5 50 airmail LI enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Card No Valid From Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail orders epemag wimborne co uk On line Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Payments must be in sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue Everyday Practical Electro
9. i SP124 20 x Assorted ceramic disc caps your own devices SP126 6 x Battery clips 3 ea PP3 PP9 SP130 100 x Mixed 0 5W C F resistors SP131 2 x TLO71 Op Amps a Pi i z SP133 20 x 1N4004 diodes For more information manuals and downloads on this and SP134 15x 1N4007 diodes other interesting products see Www audon co uk RESISTOR PACKS C Film SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS Buy 10 x 1 Special Packs and choose another one FREE SP135 5 x Miniature slide switches SP136 3 x BFY50 transistors SP137 4 x W005 1 5A bridge rectifiers SP138 20 x 2 2 68V radial elect caps SP140 3 x W04 1 5A bridge rectifiers SP142 2 x CMOS 4017 SP143 5 Pairs min crocodile clips Red amp Black SP144 5 Pairs min crocodile clips assorted colours SP146 10 x 2N3704 transistors SP147 5 x Stripboard 9 strips x 25 holes SP151 4 x 8mm Red LEDs SP152 4 x 8mm Green LEDs SP153 4 x 8mm Yellow LEDs SP154 15 x BC548 transistors SP156 3 x Stripboard 14 strips x 27 holes SP160 10 x 2N3904 transistors SP161 10 x 2N3906 transistors SP164 2 x C106D thyristors SP165 2 x LF351 Op Amps SP166 20 x 1N4003 diodes SP167 5 x BC107 transistors SP168 5 x BC108 transistors SP171 8 Metres 18SWG solder SP172 4 x Standard slide switches SP173 10 x 220 25V radial elect caps SP174 20 x 22 25V radial elect caps SP175 20 x 1 63V radial elect caps SP177 10 x 1A 20mm quick blow fuses SP178 10 x 2A 20mm quick blow fuses SP181 5 x Phono plugs asstd colours SP182 20 x 4 7 6
10. pear on the screen This is the Alarm Dialler looking for a modem Type the number 0 followed by the Enter key When the Alarm Dialler receives this it thinks it has found the modem starts flashing the LED and goes into scan mode At times during the remainder of the testing we will be simulating the sequence that the modem sends to the Alarm Dialler when it detects an incoming burst of ring We do this by typing the number 2 on the PC keyboard followed by the Enter key An incoming call from the telephone line has a burst of ring every two sec onds and so a 10 second call would be comprised of five bursts each two seconds apart Checking that it s alive The first test is to simulate calling the Alarm Dialler from a remote loca tion three times within 90 seconds to check if it is alive Ensure the Alarm Dialler is in idle mode and that the LED is flashing nor mally Simulate an incoming call for 10 seconds ie by repeatedly typing 2 and pressing Enter on the PC s keyboard and check that the LED stops flashing after the first ring burst Now wait at least another six sec onds and simulate another call The LED should remain on and nothing else should happen Finally wait an other six seconds and simulate a third incoming call If the Alarm Dialler is working correctly the letters ATA will appear on the screen and after a ALARM DIALLER Fig 5 the full size front panel artwork There s just one hole to be d
11. the base emitter voltage of Q16 to a low value reducing the base bias and conse quently limiting the output current that can be supplied by the output stage Op Amp Characteristics Before we can decide how good an op amp is and how close it gets to the ideal it s worth summarising the characteristics of a perfect amplifier These might run along the following lines The voltage gain should be very high ideally infinite The input resistance should be very high ideally infinite The output resistance should be very low ideally zero Full power bandwidth the range of frequencies over which the amplifier can deliver its rated output power should be as wide as possible Slew rate the speed at which the out put voltage changes in response to a change in input voltage should be as large as possible Input offset the value of input voltage required to make the output exactly zero should be as small as possible In fact the characteristics of most mod ern integrated circuit op amps come very close to those of an ideal op amp as wit nessed by Table 10 1 Before we look at some representative circuits involving op amps it s worth expanding on some of the terms introduced in Table 10 1 Voltage Gain The open loop or internal voltage gain of an op amp is very high often 100 000 or more In practice gains of this magnitude are not particularly useful for a number of reasons like poor s
12. 12 Link 13 Link 14 Link 15 Link 16 IC1 741 17 ICI as above 18 IC1 as above 19 IC1 as above 20 R1 47kQ 21 R2 470kQ 22 R3 47kQ 23 R4 10kQ 24 R5 10kQ 25 R6 1kQ 26 R7 1kQ 27 VRI end 28 VRI slider 29 VRI end 30 Cl 47uF 31 C2 47uF 32 Meter input voltage measurement eb Meter input voltage measurement 34 Meter output voltage measurement 35 Meter output voltage measurement From Supply negative Supply positive Red terminal Black terminal 30 top 17 E5 E28 D13 25 positive J25 positive ve black ve red ve black ve red To Black terminal Red terminal 31 31 30 bottom A17 F5 F28 D18 G17 H25 G28 19 bottom OV 22 Green terminal F16 F19 E19 E16 H13 F13 OV 18 A5 9 bottom A28 28 A25 25 bottom Green terminal G7 Green terminal C18 Table 10 5 Table of results for Practical Investigation 10 1 Input voltage V 0 005 010 0 15 Output voltage V Input voltage V 0 05 0 10 0 15 Output voltage V 0 3 0 2 0 1 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 0 20 020 025 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 40 49 WIRELESS for the WARRIOR Volumes 1 to 4 Volume 1 Wireless Sets No 1 to 88 covers the early radios prior to the outbreak of World War IJ and wartime sets which were never released in large quanti ties or were abandoned after trials Cont
13. 167 pages 104 pages 12 DIREC I BOOK SERVICE The books listed have been selected by Everyday Practical Electronics editorial staff as being of special interest to every one involved in electronics and computing They are supplied by mail order direct to your door Full ordering details are given on the last book page FOR A FURTHER SELECTION OF BOOKS SEE THE NEXT TWO ISSUES OF EPE All prices include UK postage ELECTRONIC PROJECT BUILDING FOR BEGINNERS R A Penfold This book is for complete beginners to electronic project building It provides a complete introduction to the practi cal side of this fascinating hobby including the following topics Component identification and buying the right parts resistor colour codes capacitor value markings etc advice on buying the right tools for the job soldering making easy work of the hard wiring construction methods including stripboard custom printed circuit boards plain matrix boards surface mount boards and wire wrapping finishing off and adding panel labels getting problem projects to work including simple methods of fault finding In fact everything you need to know in order to get start ed in this absorbing and creative hobby Order code BP392 5 49 TEST EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTION R A Penfold This book describes in detail how to construct some simple and inexpensive but extremely useful pieces of test equipment Stripboard layouts are provi
14. 22 90 To purchase m Send Cheque or Postal Order m Buy on line 10 discount for purchase ByVac at www byvac co uk m Send email to sales byvac com m on line use coupon code PO BOX 4049 Penistone Telephone 07905 734384 m P amp P UK 2 50 World Wide 3 50 PEK SHEFFIELD 36 6WP Bey Vac www byvac co uk 30 days for a full refund Visit www byvac co uk for microcontroller kits starting at 14 95 Free software and construction guides Get your magazine instantly anywhere in the world buy and download from the web A one year subscription 12 issues costs just 15 99 US www epemag com Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 71 FREE Two booklets Identifying Electronic Components and Understanding Active Components and a Circuit Surgery CD ROM with Teach In 2000 CD ROM i i t a ee EPE TEACH IN 2000 CD ROM The whole of the 12 part Teach In 2000 series by John Becker published in EPE Nov 99 to Oct 2000 is now available on CD ROM in PDF form Plus the Teach In 2000 interactive software Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series and Alan Winstanley s Basic Soldering Guide including illustrations and Desoldering Teach In 2000 covers all the basic principles of electron ics from Ohm s Law to Displays including Op Amps Logic Gates etc Each part has its own section on the interactive software where you can also change component values in the variou
15. 4360 End Sub Private Sub Label5_Click Index As Integer Label6 Caption 4 Shape2 Top 1920 Shape2 Left 4620 End Sub Fig 4 The virtual control knob Left clicking one of the labels sets the switch to the appropriate range and generates the required control value Left co ordinates from the Properties panel This process is repeated for each of the five settings Objects snap to the on screen grid by default but with this type of thing it is generally best to position things by eye It is possible to fine tune the positions of objects by tweaking their co ordinates in the Properties panel Alternatively select Options from the Tools menu and then operate the General tab in the Options win dow Fig 5 Here it is possible to set a finer grid or to switch it off altogether Bits can be nibbled out of other objects when labels are positioned close to them This is caused by the background of the label partially covering the other object Setting the label s Background Style to Transparent will avoid this problem Next time a practical project using virtu al controls will be covered Editor Editor Format General Docking Environment Advanced o Error Trapping C Break on All Errors Break in Class Module Break on Unhandled Errors Compile W Compile On Demand W Background Compile W Collapse Proj Hides Windows Fig 5 Using this window it is possible to alter the size of
16. Chemicals Soldering Irons We carry in stock a wide ranae of soldering iron and Expo Zircon 12V drill 3 8mm capacity 11900rpm 14 20 100m Aerosol Photoresist spray covers 2m 4 25 soldering accessories Irons fan 12 to 100 Watts i ae Powder developer makes 1 It 1 09 20W 4V i ESA Minicraft MX1 230V 8000 21000rpm with 500g Powder developer makes 10lt 7 08 25W 240V Ceramic 7 14 chuck amp collet Model EPE270 390 250g Ferric Chloride Pellets makes 500ml 1 68 Normal price 48 51 i 500 Ferric Chloride Pellets makes 1lt 3 04 K 3 5keg Ferric Chloride Pellets makes Slt 9 84 i 1 lkg Clear Fine etch crystals makes 5lt 17258 SPECIAL PRICE 4 cu i 90 Tin Plating Powder makes lit 11 58 31 02 hoe Omi Aerosol Flux spray 3 41 110m Aerosol PCB Laquer spray 30W 240V Basic 4 68 Desolder Pumps Basic 165 x 18mm 2 85 Antistatic 195mm 3 92 Antex Mini 198mm _ 6 02 Antex Pro210mm_ 10 26 Tools Cutters amp Strippers We carry a wide range of specialist tools for the elec tronics industry including Switch Cleaner Side Cutters Freezer 3 x 130mm Low cost 1 97 Foam Cleanser 115mm Draper 2206 Cleaner lubricant 115mm Box Jointed 4 26 Vide Head Cleaner i 145mm Long reach 3 40 Aero Klene 3 2 Wire Strippers Aero Duster gt 130mm Low cost 2 30 Cold Clean 150mm Draper 5mm 5 86 Servisol Products Soldering Station A 48W adjustabl
17. Ideal project for the novice wishing to get started in the fascinat ing world of FM broadcasting 45x145mm Kit Order Code 1028KT 23 95 Assembled Order Code AS1028 31 95 Credit Card Sales 0871 7147 7168 QUASAR Get Plugged In Electronic Project Labs Great introduction to the world of electron ics Ideal gift for budding electronics expert Top of the range complete electronics course taking you from beginner to A Level standard and be yond Contains all the hardware and manuals to assemble 500 projects You get 3 comprehensive course books total 368 pages Hardware Entry ous Hardware Advanced Course and a microprocessor based Software Programming Course Each book has individual circuit explanations schematic and connection diagrams Suitable for age 12 Order Code EPL500 149 95 Number 1 for Kits With over 300 projects in our range we are the UK s number 1 electronic kit specialist Here are a few other kits from our range 1046KT 25W Stereo Car Booster 29 95 3105KT 18W BTL Mono Amplifier 10 95 3143KT 10W Stereo Amplifier 12 95 1019KT Car Alarm System 11 95 1080KT Liquid Level Sensor 6 95 3006KT LED Roulette Wheel 10 95 3082KT 2 Ch UHF Relay 24 95 3063KT One Chip AM Radio 11 95 3163KT 12V DC Xenon Flasher 13 95 3029KT Combination Lock 9 95 3130KT lInfrared Security Beam 14 95 SG10MKT Animal Sounds 5 95
18. MILFORD INSTRUMENTS i NURVE NETWORKS LLC PICO TECHNOLOGY QUASAR ELECTRONICS RAPID ELECTRONICS SCANTOOL SHERWOOD ELECTRONICS STEWART OF READING ADVERTISEMENT OFFICES 866 battery pack originally intended to be 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND used with an orbitel mobile telephone it f PHONE 01202 873872 contains 10 1 6Ah sub C batteries 42 x Pi FAX 01202 874562 22 dia the size usually used in cordless EMAIL epeads wimborne co uk screwdrivers etc the pack is new and EE For Editorial address and phone numbers see page 7 unused and can be broken open quite W easily 7 46 VAT 8 77 rege aad 100 EVAT ely postage amp Sade Pero Everyday Practical Electronics periodicals pending ISSN 0262 3617 is JPG Electronics published twelve times a year by Wimborne Publishing Ltd USA agent Shaws Row Old Road Chesterfield S40 2RB USACAN at 1320 Route 9 Champlain NY 12919 Subscription price in US Tel 01246 211202 Fax 01246 550959 60 US per annum Periodicals postage paid at Champlain NY and at www JPGElectronics com additional mailing offices POSTMASTER Send USA and Canada address Mastercard Visa Switch changes to Everyday Practical Electronics c o Express Mag PO Box Callers welcome 9 30 a m to 5 30 p m Monday to Saturday 2769 Plattsburgh NY USA 12901 0239 e Published on approximately the second Thursday of each month by Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dor
19. Maestro Issue No Web site www expressmag com USA price 60 US per annum Canada price 97 Can per annum 12 issues per year BS AUT Sassen A ep ee oe Oe ere i Everyday Practical Electronics periodicals pending ISSN 0262 3617 is published twelve times a year by Wimborne Publishing Ltd USA agent USACAN at 1320 Route 9 Champlain NY 12919 Subscription price in US Address r rE T EEE A R e E A ee comme T AR 60 US per annum Periodicals postage paid at Champlain NY and at additional mailing offices POSTMASTER Send USA and Canada address changes to Everyday Practical Electronics c o Express Mag PO Box POS COG SA EITA TA PEER EAE E E A E ans Cat es 2769 Plattsburgh NY USA 12901 0239 SigmatUre sner mrien ee a a aera rea raran a wn o a Q ot fe a O D 3 e 3 lt o r D s r r z3 r 3 D 3 D x r D lt D o D o 64 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 ELECTRONICS MANUALS ON CD ROM 29 95 EACH ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL ELECTROHWICS SERVICE MAW A practical meference mAr on electrons servicing techniques Everything you need to know to get started in repairing electronic equipment e Around 900 pages Fundamental principles Troubleshooting techniques Servicing techniques Choosing and using test equipment Reference data Manufacturers web links e Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format Clear and simple lay
20. Te iT He fens PeT e rei ei ote te te He ce fe os Ge fe o te e Che ke a Pr E The EasyPIC3 combines a versatile development experiment board with a built in USB programmer With its wealth of on board I O devices and support for virtually all 8 14 18 28 and 40 pin PlCmicro microcontrollers in the 10F 12F 16F and 18F families we re certain you won t find a more versatile high quality board at such a low price The EasyPIC3 Starter Pack also includes USB programming power cable character and graphic LCDs DS1820 temperature sensor RS 232 data cable PIC16F877A microcontroller programming software and useful example programs Also available are similar boards for the 8051 AVR and dsPIC each at the same great price of 99 please tele phone or see our website for further details EasyPIC3 Starter Pack features e High quality development experiment board with built in USB 2 0 high speed programmer e Programming software compatible with Windows 98 ME 2000 and XP e Comes with a PIC16F877A microcontroller but compatible with virtually all 8 14 18 28 and 40 pin PIC devices in the 10F 12F 16F and 18F families e On board I O devices including switches LEDs seven segment displays potentiometers and RS 232 interface Now also features USB and PS 2 keyboard interface connectors e Provision for easy fitting of 2x16 character LCD 128x64 pixel graphic LCD and DS1820 1 wire te
21. a Virtual PlCmicro microcontroller a fully functioning simulator Tests exercises and projects covering a wide range of PlCmicro MCU applications Includes MPLAB assembler Visual representation of a PlCmicro showing architecture and functions Expert system for code entry helps first time users Shows data flow and fetch execute cycle and has challenges washing machine lift crossroads etc Imports MPASM files Soe r l o E TiN a oe E ee le C FOR PiCmicro VERSION 2 The C for PlCmicro microcontrollers CD ROM is designed for students and professionals who need to learn how to program embedded microcontrollers in C The CD contains a course as well as all the software tools needed to create Hex code for a wide range of PlCmicro devices including a full C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices Although the course focuses on the use of the PlCmicro microcontrollers this CD ROM will provide a good grounding in C programming for any microcontroller Complete course in C as well as C programming for PlCmicro microcontrollers Highly interactive course Virtual C PICmicro improves understanding Includes a C compiler for a wide range of PICmicro devices Includes full Integrated Development Environment Includes MPLAB software Compatible with most PlCmicro programmers Includes a compiler for all the PlICmicro devices g CT Jaat Wi Minimum system requi
22. but when connecting two technologies togeth er the situation may be more difficult to assess We will see later Fig 7 that load ing may need to be considered when set ting up a conversion interface GATE 1 3 3V GATE 2 5V ViHmin ACCEPTABLE INPUT RANGE GATE 2 VOLTAGE RANGE OF VALID LOGIC LEVELS Fig 5 Example of compatible circuits operating on different supply voltages The logic 1 input voltage range goes insufficiently low for the low voltage logic 1 outputs to be correctly interpreted GATE 1 GATE 2 LS TTL 5V HC CMOS 5V Fig 6 LS TTL to HC CMOS interfacing Connecting Families There are a very large number of logic families that can potentially operate on the same voltage so we cannot discuss every possible interfacing situation In many cases direct connection is possible in par ticular if you are not concerned about things working under all possible device variations We will look at just one exam ple driving HC CMOS from LS TTL LS TTL specifications guarantee a 2 7V logic 1 output level but HC CMOS requires a 3 5V logic 1 input on a 5V sup ply In practice the LS TTL output will probably be suffi cient but compati bility is not guaran teed by the worst case characteristics To ensure com patibility the output logic 1 from the LS TTL device can be raised by placing a pull up resistor from the output to Vcc see Fig 6 When the output goes high the resis tor pulls the voltage
23. ing no doubt that the firm had unique tech nical knowledge Better known today as the Crypton Technology Group its main line of business is electrical testgear used in garages Gryphon was a manufacturer of dynamos but whether they had any connec tion I m not sure MK electrical accessories MK Electric was founded in 1919 as the Heavy Current Electric Accessories Company and their early developments indicated the need for switches and sockets that would func tion with consistent reliability Their inge nious Multy Kontact spring grip socket soon became a market leader to the extent that the British Electrical Standards Association BESA revised its standards to accommodate this novel product Rola Celestion loudspeakers The name of the Celestion loudspeaker first launched in 1925 by The Electrical Manufacturing and Plating Company was intended to reflect the celestial or heavenly sound that it produced Its makers later merged with the British Rola Company an offshoot of the Rola Company of Cleveland Ohio USA Rola is a fairly common surname over there Vortexion amplifiers and tape recorders This one has me stumped I m afraid Like Amplion Audion Celestion and Thermion it has the classical Greek ending and I assume the name refers to the power of the sound produced a vortex is the spiral motion of fluid within a limited area such as a whirling mass of water or air Finally asks Mr Scrase what was Re
24. rything is OK you can connect your modem to the Alarm Dialler and tele phone line and test the system for real Don t forget to reset DIP switch S1 to the alarm input option you require see Table 1 EPE To obtain the Alarm Dialler software download the file ALARM ZIP from the EPE website at www epemag co uk and unzip it You can use ALARM HEX to program your own PIC chip while you can get a better understand ing of how it all works by reading the ALARM ASM file Pre programmed PICs can be bought from Magenta Electronics contact details as in their advertisement in this issue 31 This month EPE reader Keith comes in with useful suggestions about range checking for more advanced PIC users PIC microcontrollers the advice about tables rarely includes range checking and or PCLATH management although Malc Wiles looked at Computed GOTOs in depth in Jan 03 and John Waller discussed PCLATH in July 02 Range checking becomes par ticularly important and also particularly difficult when programs are written as linked modules Range Checking The architecture for the 16F series PICs encourages extensive use of lookup tables and jump tables These are very easy to code and very efficient but there are sever al traps Computed GOTO is well recognized as a high risk programming technique In range checking is usually regarded as essential or at least very important Range checking needs
25. 0 6V above the pin 3 reference voltage IC2a is there fore effectively out of circuit and IC2b then simply amplifies the signal on its own giving a gain of 3 33 Since the input signal is negative the output is inverted at 3 33 times the input Thus the precision rectifier can be seen to provide a positive output with a gain of 3 33 for both positive and negative going inputs VU response IC2b also provides low pass filter ing of the rectified signal to conform roughly to VU volume unit standards where the output reaches the input level after 300ms and overshoots by Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 about 1 5 The filtering is incorpo rated using the 100k and 1MQ resis tors the 56nF and 1uF capacitors and the parallel combination of the 300kQ and 150kQ resistors These together provide the 2 1Hz roll off frequency and a Q quality factor of 0 62 The rectified signal is then applied to the input pin 5 of IC3 the LM3914 Trimpot VR2 is connected between the REF apy pin pin 8 and a 220kQ resistor to ground and provides a DC reference voltage to pins 3 amp 5 of IC2b This is adjusted to 3 43V when there is no signal from the microphone and this will light LED1 on the display With sufficient signal from the mi crophone Level control VR1 is then adjusted to light LEDs 5 amp 6 indicating a level of OdB Varying the signal from this level will range the display from 6dB to 13dB LED1 only
26. 1 of IC2a goes low and for ward biases diode D1 The resulting gain of the signal at the anode of diode D1 is set at unity by the 22kQ resistor This inverted signal is fed to op amp IC2b via a 150kQ resistor IC2b s gain is 6 66 as set by the ratio of the 1MQ feedback resistor and the 150kQ input resistor Thus the overall gain due to this signal path is IC2a s gain 1 times IC2b s gain 6 66 or 6 66 In addition the positive going input signal is applied via a second path to IC2b this time via a 300kQ resistor The gain of IC2b for this signal is 3 33 due to the ratio of the 1MQ feedback resistor and the 300kQ input resistor Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 S1 D3 1N5819 AINK 470pF 4 6V LOUDSPEAKER LEVEL odB 13dB 7dB 3 5dB 1dB D1 1N4148 48 IC2 TLO72 METER IC3 LM3914 1dB 2 5dB 3 8dB 5dB 6dB TITT ANIT 5 21V 7 1 2k LED1 SET VR2 50k 1N5819 E A K Fig 3 this is the complete circuit diagram for the Loudspeaker Level Meter IC1 is the microphone preamplifier while IC2a and diodes D1 amp D2 make up the precision rectifier The output from the precision rectifier is filtered by IC2b and fed to the pin 5 input of the LM3914 LED display driver IC3 Thus the overall signal gain at the output of IC2b is 6 66 3 33 3 33 When the signal goes negative di ode D2 is forward biased and so IC2a s output is clamped at
27. Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ROMS ELECTRONICS las PACK PCB Layout Electronics CADPACK allows users to design complex circuit schematics to view circuit animations using a unique SPICE based simulation tool and to design printed circuit boards CADPACK is made up of three separate software modules These are restricted versions of the full Labcenter software ISIS Lite which provides full schematic drawing features including full control of drawing appearance automatic wire routing and over 6 000 parts PROSPICE Lite integrated into ISIS Lite which uses unique animation to show the operation of any circuit with mouse operated switches pots etc The animation is compiled using a full mixed mode SPICE simulator ARES Lite PCB layout software allows professional quality PCBs to be designed and includes advanced features such as 16 layer boards SMT components and an autorouter operating on user generated Net Lists ROBOTICS amp MECHATRONICS Case study of the Milford Instruments Spider Robotics and Mechatronics is designed to enable hobbyists students with little previous experience of electronics to design and build electromechanical systems The CD ROM deals with all aspects of robotics from the control systems used the transducers available motors actuators and the circuits to drive them Case study material including the NASA Mars Rover the Milford Spider and the Furby is used to sh
28. LEDs ed SP8 10 x 3mm Yellow LEDs Spe SP9 25 x 3mm 1 part LED clips i SP5 25 x 5mm 1 part LED clips mas Measure Wind SP6 15 x 3mm Red LEDs Weather Starter Kit 59 R5232 Interface C25 USB Interface E29 Humidity Module 39 Pressure Module C49 Hainfall Gauge 59 Prices exclude VAT and delivery Alno i SP10 100 x 1N4148 diodes Measu re Wind SP11 30 x 1N4001 diodes irartiry SP12 30 x 1N4002 diodes Direction SP18 20 x BC182 transistors j SP20 20 x BC184 transistors Measu re SP23 20 x BC549 transistors SP24 4 x CMOS 4001 Temp erature SP25 4 x 555 timers Watie Ki SP26 4 x 741 Op Amps Easy Build Kit Spas 4 x CMOS 401 P29 3 x CMOS 4013 FREE Software SP33 4 x CMOS 4081 SP34 20 x 1N914 diodes USB or RS232 SP36 25 x 10 25V radial elect caps SP37 12 x 100 35V radial elect caps Op tional SP38 15 x 47 25V radial elect caps ERE E T T I SP39 10 x 470 16V radial elect caps Humid ity Module SP40 15 x BC237 transistors r SP41 20 x Mixed transistors Op tional SP42 200 x Mixed 0 25W C F resistors SP47 5 x Min PB switches Pressure Module SP49 4 x 5 metres stranded core wire a i SP101 8 Metres 22SWG solder Optional Rainfall SP102 20 x 8 pin DIL sockets G SP103 15 x 14 pin DIL sockets j Je SP104 15 x 16 pin DIL sockets auge SP105 4 x 74LS00 imi wirelh SP109 15 x BC557 transistors Simple 1 wire SP112 4 x CMOS 4093 j SP115 3 x 10mm Red LEDs connection SP116 3 x 10mm Green LEDs Build and add SP118 2 x CMOS 4047
29. Part 1 Circuit Surgery Back To Basics 8 Techno Talk Practically Speaking Ingenuity Unlimed PIC N Mix NetWork The Internet Page 76 DID YOU MISS THESE ELECTRONICS ow ch nme eeni mamaa ne TEACH IN De PAHI o ow 7 FOR CARS AND MOTORCYCLES V INDICATESJUPATO O GEARS My Y DISPUAY OIMMING rr SO y el pepe Security HeUL A005 8 Chargejand Canacitance wi Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Vehicle Frost Box Mk2 Propeller Monitor Solid State Hammond Solid State Valve Power Supply FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 2 Techno Talk e Viewing The Future Circuit Surgery Interface e PIC N Mix NetWork The Internet Page JAN 06 aa alo rolo o me a PROJECTS e A Tiptronic Style Gear Indicator Sunset Switch PIC Ambilux Current Clamp Adapter For Multimeters FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 3 Circuit Surgery Techno Talk Practically Speaking PIC N Mix NetWork The Internet Page FEB 06 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Highly Flexible Keypad Alarm Active 3 way Crossover Status Monitor Jazzy Heart FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 4 Techno Talk Circuit Surgery Interface PIC N Mix Network The Internet Page MAR 06 PROJECTS e PortaPAL Public Address Amplifier Part 1 Telescope Interface Power Up e Video Audio Booster FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 5 Pract
30. SPICE electronic circuit simulator with over 50 pre designed circuits Sections on the CD ROM include Fundamentals Analogue Signals 5 sections Transistors 4 sections Waveshaping Circuits 6 sections Op Amps 17 sections covering everything from Symbols and Signal Connections to Differentiators Amplifiers Single Stage Amplifiers 8 sections Multi stage Amplifiers 8 sections Filters Passive Filters 10 sections Phase Shifting Networks 4 sections Active Filters 6 sections Oscillators 6 sections from Positive Feedback to Crystal Oscillators Systems 12 sections from Audio Pre Amplifiers to 8 Bit ADC plus a gallery showing representative p c b photos Digital Electronics builds on the knowledge of logic gates covered in Electronic Circuits amp Components opposite and takes users through the subject of digital electronics up to the operation and architecture of microprocessors The virtual laboratories allow users to operate many circuits on screen Covers binary and hexadecimal numbering systems ASCII basic logic gates monostable action and circuits and bistables including JK and D type flip flops Multiple gate circuits equivalent logic functions and specialised logic functions Introduces sequential logic including clocks and clock circuitry counters binary coded decimal and shift registers A D and D A converters traffic light controllers memories and microprocessors architecture bu
31. Supply x Vehicle Frost Box Mk2 Propeller Monitor Solid State Hammond SEPT 05 78 Video Audio Booster double sided 558 Tiptronic Style Gear Indicator Micro Board Display Board Hall Speed Board x Keypad Alarm 3 Way Active Crossover Jazzy Heart Status Monitor Transmitter Reciever 6 82 12 00 6 50 Power Up MAR 06 557 Telescope Interface 559 Smart Slave Flash Programmable Continuity Tester PortaPAL Microphone Board Auxilary Board Main Board Charger Board Omni Pendulum Smart Card Reader Programmer MAY 06 567 LED Lighting For Your Car set of 15 boards 568 Digital Reaction Timer 569 Poor Man s Metal Locator x Digital Instrument Display for Cars Micro Board Display Board Widgy Box Phone Ring x Sudoku Unit PC Power Monitor Home Theatre Sound Level Checker Adjustable DC DC Converter For Cars Telephone Dialler For Buglar Alarms High Intensity Torch 761 14 75 lE EPE SOFTWARE All software programs for EPE Projects marked with an asterisk and others previously published can be downloaded free from our Downloads site accessible via our home page at www epemag co uk PCB MASTERS PCB masters for boards published from the March 06 issue onwards can also be downloaded from our UK website www epemag co uk go to the Downloads section EPE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SERVICE Orde
32. a preprogrammed number when triggered ADJUSTABLE DC DC CONVERTER FOR CARS by John Clarke 34 Run electronic equipment in your car INGENUITY UNLIMITED Sharing your ideas with others 40 Adjustable Touch Switch HIGH INTENSITY TORCH by Gerard Samblancat 60 PIC controlled LED torch Series and Features TECHNO TALK by Mark Nelson 16 Strange But True INTERFACE by Robert Penfold 18 A Visual Approach to Producing Virtual Controls PIC N MIX by Mike Hibbett 32 Range checking for more advanced PIC users TEACH IN 2006 by Mike Tooley BA 42 Find out how circuits work and what really goes on inside them Part 10 PIC Microcontrollers and Operational Amplifiers CIRCUIT SURGERY By lan Bell 52 Logic Level Conversion NET WORK THE INTERNET PAGE surfed by Alan Winstanley 70 MSN Messenger Regulars and Services EDITORIAL NEWS Barry Fox highlights technology s leading edge Plus everyday news from the world of electronics PLEASE TAKE NOTE 40 Magic Bulb I U July 06 CD ROMS FOR ELECTRONICS 56 A wide range of CD ROMs for hobbyists students and engineers SUBSCRIBE TO EPE and save money 64 eee ELECTRONICS MANUALS 65 pope CONN The Modern Electronics Manual and Electronics Service Manual on CD ROM READOUT John Becker addresses general points arising 66 DIRECT BOOK SERVICE 72 A wide range of tehnical books available by mail order plus more CD ROMs BACK ISSUES 76 Did you miss these Wimborne Publishing Ltd 2006 Copyrigh
33. and reverse The unit is calibrated in setup so it will work with almost any vehicle Using a PIC microcontroller it calculates the gear via the engine RPM and speed Gear indication is displayed on a 7 segment LED display and features an automatic dimmer for night driving Supplied with case pre punched silkscreened front panel PCB and all electronic components Hall effect sensor included e As published in Everyday Practical Electronics January 2006 Audio Video Booster Kit This kit will boost your video and audio signals preserving them for the highest quality transmission to your projector or large screen TV It boosts composite S Video and stereo audio signals Kit includes case with silkscreened and punched panels PCB and all electronic components e As published in Everyday Practical Electronics March 2006 Requires 9VAC wall adaptor Maplin GU09K 9 99 rs zii di Requires 9 12VDC wall adaptor Maplin JC91Y 14 99 2 Amp DC DC Converter Kit This kit will step up 12V to between 13 8 and 24VDC Use it to charge 12V sealed lead acid batteries 6 5Ah or larger run your laptop and many other devices from a 12V supply It uses an efficient switchmode design features fuse and reverse polarity protection and an LED power indicator Kit includes PCB all electronic components and silkscreened front panel 1 7 q Ms published
34. at switch off with one channel shut down ahead of the rest to warn viewers they cannot wait any longer before converting Digital UK Digital UK was legally registered as a company in May 2005 and started work in earnest in September 2005 when Tessa Jowell Secretary of State for Culture Media and Sport confirmed the 2008 2012 timetable DUK now occupies plush offices in Central London once used by Thorn EMI for its ill fated interactive video ventures British broadcasters are paying the 500m it will cost to upgrade the transmitter net work and the BBC licence fee which all viewers are required by law to pay will pay 200m for communications and assis tance The BBC will also provide an as yet undecided amount from the licence fee pot to help the old disabled and poor The first 5m four week TV advertising campaign features an electronically creat ed robot called Digit Al who appears trapped behind TV screens and explains digital TV sometimes interrupting adverts from Sony and Guinness Modelled on the British Gas Sid adverts Digit Al may be sufficiently irritating to be memorable All homes in the country will also receive at least two copies of a leaflet explaining what digital TV is all about Switchover Figures DUK s figures largely coming from regu lator Ofcom show 25m TV households with 18m digital and 7m to be converted at an average of 2 4 TVs per household there are over 60m TVs in the UK
35. at the problems of connecting dif ferent gates together There are two key things that can be different and hence cause us potential interfacing problems these are the logic technology e g CMOS and TTL and the supply voltage Different technologies may pose problems with incompatibility even on the same supply voltage This is illustrated in Fig 2 which shows two possible problems in this situa tion poor noise margin and mismatched logic ranges ACCEPTABLE INPUT RANGE GATE 2 V OLmin V ILmin VOLTAGE RANGE OF VALID LOGIC LEVELS Fig 1 Logic Levels and Noise Margins The output range of a gate for logic O and 1 is smaller than acceptable input range thus restoring the voltage level to a more ideal one GATE 1 TECH 1 GATE 2 TECH 2 ACCEPTABLE INPUT RANGE GATE 2 VOLTAGE RANGE OF VALID LOGIC LEVELS Fig 2 Example incompatible circuits different technologies on the same supply Logic O output range of tech nology 1 is too large for technology 2 not all valid O outputs from gate 1 will be recognised by gate 2 Logic 1 is ok but the logic margin is very low the logic 1 level will be sensitive to noise Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 GATE 1 3 3V GATE 2 5V ACCEPTABLE INPUT RANGE GATE 2 VOLTAGE RANGE OF VALID LOGIC LEVELS Fig 3 Example of incompatible circuits a low voltage gate drives a higher volt age gate Logic 0 is ok but the logic 1 output voltage is insuf
36. black lead to the green terminal and the ve red lead first to the red terminal and then to the black ter minal The readings obtained should respectively be approximately 4 5V and 4 5V Results Use the data from Table 10 5 to plot a graph showing output voltage plotted against input voltage see Fig 10 17 Conclusion Verify that the op amp pro vides a voltage gain of exactly 10 i e the value of R2 divided by the value of R1 Verify also that the graph is linear and iden tify the maximum possible swing in output voltage this should be a little less than the supply voltage Repeat with different val ues for R1 and R2 Answers To Questions Q1 Pin 14 Q2 Pin 5 Q3 RA2 to RA4 and RB4 to RB7 Q4 ImA Q5 The circuit is the same as that shown in Fig 10 14 with CIZ LSF RILES C Opr R2 200K9 Next Month In our final part next month we shall be introducing radio and bringing the series to a conclusion with a practical project In the meantime you might like to see how you get on with our on line quiz for Part 10 You will find this at www miketooley info teach in quiz10 htm Fig 10 17 right Graph for plotting the results of Practical Investigation 10 1 Table 10 4 Initial wiring and input voltage setting Fig 10 16a Step Connection link or component 1 9V supply negative 2 9V supply 9V 3 Red wire 4 Black wire 5 Link 6 Link 7 Link 8 Link 9 Link 10 Link 11 Link
37. brown black black red brown yellow violet black brown brown yellow violet black black brown orange orange black black brown brown black black black brown 27 FEMALE DB9 CONNECTOR FEMALE DB9 CONNECTOR Fig 3 a serial crossover cable is required to connect the Alarm Dialler to a PC for programming If you don t have a crossover cable just wire a couple of female DB9 connectors together as shown here CROSSOVER CABLE FOR PROGRAMMING rear panel to mount the power socket the alarm connector and D connector see Fig 6 The alarm connector used in the prototype is a 4 way speaker terminal strip and requires four holes for the connector tabs and two for the mounting holes Finally drill a hole in the centre of the front panel just large enough to allow the LED to slide through Once the case has been prepared install the power socket the alarm con nector with 3mm screws and nuts and the D connector with locking nuts Mount the PC board in the case with four small self tapping screws Slide the rear panel into place and then wire the rear panel connectors to the PC board stakes with light duty hook up wire The alarm input is polarised so make sure that the red terminal is wired to the alarm PC stake The alarm reset output has only two connections so select either the N O or N C contacts depending on your application Note that because we are using a diode bridge at the supply inpu
38. co uk to which Editor Mike replied We feel we should point out that these lights are intended for extra safety in extra stop lamps i e CHMSL or extra caravan or trailer stop lights as indicated in the article We also suggest other uses like emergency breakdown lights boot lights etc in the article They are not intended to replace bulbs in normal stop lamps Sorry if we have misled any one not our intention Mike Kenward Editor Piezo Electric Minerals Dear EPE I was wondering if it is possible to determine mineral types by using the piezo electric effect Assuming current flows into a crystal the crystal flexes Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 the current is then removed and some electrons are kicked out based on a measurement of the voltage one should be able to determine the mineral type Would be great for geologists A little far fetched perhaps but what do you think Matthew Scarborough Cape Town South Africa Hi Matthew your question is an interesting one But I don t know the answer and I suspect I would maybe have discovered it inadvertently while making and researching my Earth Resistivity Logger a while back which uses electrical current flowing into the ground but did not I sent your query on to Nick Tile who helped me on ER and has professional experience of seismology He replied Minerals by piezo guess it would work in theory but the difficulty is that
39. easy to understand language Larger type size for easy reading Provides basic knowledge to give you confidence to join the local computer class This book explains how to use your PC on the Internet and covers amongst other things Choosing and setting up your computer for the Internet Getting connected to the Internet Sending and receiving emails photographs etc so that you can keep in touch with family and friends all over the world Searching for and saving information on any subject On line shopping and home banking Setting up your own simple web site Order code BP600 8 99 135 pages 104 pages 308 pages 228 pages RADIO SETTING UP AN AMATEUR RADIO STATION I D Poole The aim of this book is to give guidance on the decisions which have to be made when setting up any amateur radio or short wave listening station Often the experience which is needed is learned by one s mistakes however this can be expensive To help overcome this guidance is given on many aspects of setting up and running an effi cient station It then proceeds to the steps that need to be taken in gaining a full transmitting licence Topics covered include The equipment that is needed Setting up the shack Which aerials to use Methods of construction Preparing for the licence Order code BP300 4 45 EXPERIMENTAL ANTENNA TOPICS H C Wright Although nearly a century has passed since Marconi s first demonstration or radio comm
40. essential reference work for everyone studying electronics Over 800 pages In depth theory Projects to build Detailed assembly instructions Full components checklists Extensive data tables e Manufacturers web links Easy to use Adobe Acrobat format Clear and simple layout Comprehensive subject range Professionally written Supplements BASIC PRINCIPLES Electronic Components and their Characteristics Circuits Using Passive Components Power Supplies The Amateur Electronics Workshop The Uses of Semiconductors Digital Electronics Operational Amplifiers Introduction to Physics including practical experiments Semiconductors and Digital Instruments CIRCUITS TO BUILD The Base Manual describes 12 projects including a Theremin and a Simple TENS Unit ESSENTIAL DATA Extensive tables on diodes transistors thyristors and triacs digital and linear i c s EXTENSIVE GLOSSARY Should you come across a technical word phrase or abbreviation you re not familiar with simply look up the glossary and you ll find a comprehensive definition in plain English The Manual also covers Safety and provides web links to component and equipment Manufacturers and Suppliers Full contents list available online at www epemag wimborne co uk SUPPLEMENTS Additional CD ROMs each containing approximately 500 pages of additional information on specific areas of electronics are available for 19 95 each Information on the availabi
41. high voltage required so an inverter based supply is a reasonable answer But 68 I feel the heater supplies deserve some comment The author could be misunderstood to say that 6 3RMS AC equates to 6 OV DC for heating effect To be clear the RMS value of an AC wave is exactly equal to its DC heating effect therefore 6 3V AC RMS equates to 6 3V DC not 6 0V DC The tolerance on typical valve heater voltage is 5 at the heater pins so the suggested 6 0V supply will be at the lower limit This could be overcome by using a 5V regulator with two diodes for ward biassed in the ground leg But there are other potential problems powering your favorite vintage amp One side of this heater supply is grounded while in many valve amps the heater line is balanced to chassis Where the amp is fitted with an adjustable bal ance or hum dinger there is the poten tial to short this unbalanced supply and smoke the pot Twelve volt heaters such as the 12AX7 are almost always run in parallel on 6 3V so that the heater supply is bal anced to both cathodes rather than neither While this may be an issue with invert er frazzle or induced mains hum on the heater line due to a ground loop being formed by two grounds it is certainly an issue if the amp or design being devel oped is ever expected to run from the mains Your favorite amp is also likely to want a lot more than only one amp of heater current Even the most hum
42. in this month s Everyday Practical Electronics _ a alae wi a AC DC Current Clamp Meter Kit for DMM s A great low cost alternative It uses a simple hall effect sensor an iron ring core and connects to your digital multimeter It will measure AC and DC current and has a calibration dial to allow for any magnetising of the core Kit supplied with PCB clamp case with silkscreened front panel and all electronic components e As published in Everyday Practical Electronics January 2006 Programmable Continuity Tester Kit This unit will test for continuity from 1 100ohms making it ideal for measuring low resistance devices It is accurate a reliable and works i i d extremely well Kit on A supplied with PCB case a SSS with silkscreened panel and o all electronic components e As published in Everyday Practical Electronics April 2006 F Monday Friday 09 00 to 17 30 GMT 10 hours only For those who want to write 100 Silverwater Rd Silverwater NSW 2128 Sydney AUSTRALIA Jaycar A Telephone Diaen FOR Bunga Malis aga P he b r AS By LEON WILLIAMS The Alarm Dialler has many op tions allowing it to be used in a broad range of applications The various alarm input configurations are selected with a multi way DIP switch while other settings such as stored telephone numbers are programmed using a PC and a simple menu system Why use a modem You m
43. inductor When S1 opens the energy stored in the inductor is dumped via diode D1 to capacitor C1 and the load In practice the switch is a transistor or MOSFET and the on off times of the transistor s conduction are varied to maintain the desired load voltage Our circuit uses a Motorola MC34063 DC to DC converter IC as the control device Its internal circuit is shown in Fig 2 The MC34063 IC contains all the necessary circuitry to produce either step up step down or an inverting DC converter Its internal components comprise a 1 25V reference a com parator an oscillator RS flipflop and output transistors Q1 and Q2 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 COLLECTOR SWITCH TIMING CAPACITOR PEAK CURRENT SENSE MC34063 DC DC CONVERTER IC Maximum output current Recommended continuous output Output ripple Load regulation _ O N gt 1 1A 24V 2A 15 7V 500mA 24V 1A 16V typically 5 0mVp p when delivering 1A better than 98 from no load to full load 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 CURRENT OUT AMPS CURRENT LIMIT Fig 3 the unit has a maximum output current of 2A at voltages up to 15 7V dropping to 1 1A at 24V while still maintaining full regulation The switching frequency of the switch ing transistor or MOSFET is set by the capacitor connected to pin 3 We used 1nF to set it at about 30kHz The oscillator is used to driv
44. information on display and classified advertis ing please contact our Advertisement Manager Stewart Kearn as above BOWOOD ELECTRONICS LTD Suppliers of Electronic Components Place a secure order on our website or call our sales line All major credit cards accepted Web www bowood electronics co uk Unit 1 McGregor s Way Turnoaks Business Park Chesterfield S40 2WB Sales 01246 200222 Send 60p stamp for catalogue BTEC ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN TRAINING NATIONAL ELECTRONICS VCE ADVANCED ICT HNC AND HND ELECTRONICS FOUNDATION DEGREES NVQ ENGINEERING AND IT DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY LONDON ELECTRONICS COLLEGE 20 PENYWERN ROAD EARLS COURT LONDON SW5 9SU TEL 020 7373 8721 www lec org uk N R BARDWELL Ltd est 1948 Electronic Component Supplies LED s Semis IC s Resistors Caps etc send 44h for lists 1000 s bargains at our secure site www bardwells co uk 288 Abbeydale Rd Sheffield S7 1FL 0845 166 2329 local rate SAFFRON ELECTRONICS LTD Suppliers of High Quality Electronic Components Resistors Caps Batteries Chargers Semiconductors LED s IC s PCB s Switches Solder Cable Wire Etc Online Catalogue and Shop available at www SaffronElectronics co uk 16 Field Street Cannock Staffs WS11 5QP Telephone 0845 166 2314 local rate sual EVERYDAY PRACTICAL EPE HECRONICS VISIT OUR ONLINE SHOP TO ORDER BACK ISSUES CDROMS BOOKS PCBS AND MANUALS www epemag co uk n Every
45. is that practically anything that can be changed by way of the Properties panel can also be changed using a software routine In the case of a shape component the most impor tant parameters are its colour size posi tion whether it is displayed and its shape It will probably not be necessary to alter the shape under software control but it is pos sible to do so However the required shape round oval rectangle etc must be select ed via the properties panel For a simple indicator light it 1s the colour of the shape that will normally be handled under software control It is advisable to set a helpful colour via the Properties panel so that the shape shows up clearly on the form making it easier to design a good layout However thereafter the colour will be set under program control Actually shapes and many other visible objects have two colour properties These are the fill and the border colours and there can also be a fill style In this case it is the FillColor and FillStyle that are of most importance since they control the colour of the vir tual indicator light If the shape compo nent does not appear in the selected colour on the form it is likely that the FillStyle is wrong It will probably be Transparent by default and must be changed to Solid in order to make the fill appear on screen The width of the border can be controlled and I presume that the figure used here is the width of the
46. lan Sinclair Provides a practical and comprehensive collection of circuits rules of thumb and design data for professional engineers students and enthusaists and therefore enough background to allow the understanding and development of a range of basic circuits Contents Passive components Active discrete components Circuits Linear l C s Energy conversion components Digital I C s Microprocessors and microprocessor systems Transferring digital data Digital analogue conversions Computer aids in elec tronics Hardware components and practical work Micro controllers and PLCs Digital broadcasting Electronic security Order code NE21 19 99 96 pages 200 pages 440 pages MUSIC AUDIO AND VIDEO QUICK GUIDE TO ANALOGUE SYNTHESIS lan Waugh Even though music production has moved into the digi tal domain modern synthesisers invariably use ana logue synthesis techniques The reason is simple analogue synthesis is flexible and versatile and it s rel atively easy for us to understand The basics are the same for all analogue synths and you ll quickly be able to adapt the principles to any instrument to edit exist ing sounds and create exciting new ones This book describes How analogue synthesis works The essen tial modules every synthesiser has The three steps to synthesis How to create phat bass sounds How to generate filter sweeps Advanced synth modules How to create simple and complex synth patch
47. logger USB Instruments PC Oscilloscopes amp Logic Analyzers Our PC Instruments may be budget priced but have a wealth of features normally only found in more expensive instrumentation Our oscilloscopes have sophisticated digital triggering including delayed timebase and come with application software and DLL interface to 3rd Party apps Our ANTS and ANT16 Logic Analyzers feature 8 16 capture channels of data at a blazing 500MS S sample rate in a compact enclosure Low Profile Version also available uPCI 400HS 4 Port UPCI RS232 Serial Card Spider Cable or COMBOX IO 65 00 extra UPCI Serial Cards from 15 uPCI 100L Discover our great value for money range of multi port uPCI serial cards Supporting from one to eight ports the range includes RS232 RS422 RS485 and opto isolated versions Our 4 port and 8 port models can connect through external cables or the innovative wall mounting COMBOX NEW LOW PRICE USB COM PL 12 50 Quality USB to RS232 converter cable with detachable 10cm extender cable FTDI Chipset and Drivers for superior compatibility and O S support USB 2COM M 36 00 2 Port Industrial USB RS232 Serial with wall mount bracket and 5V DC auxiliary output 1 to 16 port USB to Serial Adapters from 12 50 With over 20 different models available we probably stock the widest range of USB Serial Adapters available anywhere We offer converter cables multi port enclosu
48. magazine to your PC ONLY 9 99 US dollars FOR 6 ISSUES A free issue is available online ime Hesiona An Aenchne Drake man amey y Aar EE eee Pree Thee Dini Ayame E A m re pn me ARTICLES on restoration and repair history circuit techniques personalities reminiscences and just plain nostalgia you ll find them all Plus features on museums and private collections and a full colour photo feature in every issue IT S MOSTLY about valves of course but solid state whether of the coherer and spark gap variety or early transistors also has a place FROM THE DAYS of Maxwell Hertz Lodge and Marconi to what was the state of the art just a few short years ago THERE IS ALSO a selection of free readers For Sale and Wanted advertisements in every issue Radio Bygones covers it all THE MAGAZINE is published six times a year and is only available by postal subscription It is not available at newsagents TO TAKE OUT a subscription or to request a sample copy please complete the form below and return it to RADIO BYGONES Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Web sites www radiobygones co uk www radiobygones com RADIO BYGONES ORDER FORM A SAMPLE Copy of Radio Bygones sa o My card number is Add 75p for overseas Airmail postage SUBSCRIPTIONS post paid 1 YEAR 2 YEAR Pl
49. many more mikroBASIC and mikroPascal 85 each mikroC 145 Save 30 on compiler prices when bought with an EasyPIC3 Starter Pack or Learning Pack Call 0845 226 9451 or order online at www breadboarding co uk All prices exclude delivery and VAT Major credit and debit cards accepted Secure online ordering Regular Clinic lan Bell REQUENT EPE Chatzone contributor Amr Bekjit posted the following question T recently bought a GPS module and its datasheet states that the input and output pins work at LV TTL Low Voltage TTL levels Now the worrying thing for me is that the GPS module is said to be a SV ver sion Will I be able to interface to this mod ule with something like a PIC which uses SV signals I think that in the end Amr discovered that the GPS module was compatible with his 5V PIC but his question raises the gen eral issue of logic level conversion which we will discuss this month For many years most digital ICs either used exclusively 5V supplies or were happy working at 5V within a larger possible range However modern technology demands have driven supply voltages lower and lower so we now have ICs and subsystems such as dis plays and GPS modules that work on other voltages such as 3 3V 2 5V 1 8V 1 5V and 1 2V Thus it is not uncommon to find that two key devices in your design require different supply voltages and hence have potentially incompatible logic levels Defining Leve
50. more for high water usage or for heating swimming pools or underfloor heating Some types of renewable energy are only available in certain locations however free solar heating is potentially available to almost every house in the UK Every house should have one really And with an overall efficiency of almost 80 they are much more effi cient than electric photovoltaic solar panels efficiency of 7 15 Available in 10 20 and 30 tube versions 10 tube 199 20 tube 369 30 tube 549 Roof mounting kits 10 20 tubes 12 50 30 tube mounting kit 15 2kW WIND TURBINE KIT The 2kW wind turbine is sup plied as the following kit tur bine generator 48v three taper twisted fibreglass blades amp hub 8m tower four x 2m sections guylines anchors tensioners clamps foundation steel rectifier 2kW inverter heavy duty pivot tower 1 499 Other sizes available from 200 watts 299 up to 20kW 13 999 The 200w system is complete apart from 2x12v batteries and concrete for the tower These low cost systems can provide substantial amounts of power even in 7 average wind conditions STEAM ENGINE KIT The material in this pack enables you to build a fully functional model steam engine The main material is brass and the finished machine demonstrates the principle of oscillation The boiler uses solid fuel tablets and is quite safe All critical parts boiler end caps safety vent e
51. more instructions than the Computed GOTO itself so appears to be inefficient PIC memory is very strictly divided into Pages and further the Page size seen by the ADDWE PCL F instruction used to imple ment Computed GOTO is smaller than that seen by normal GOTO and CALL instruc tions If the linker is used the PAGESEL directive manages PCLATH for GOTO and CALL instructions but not for the ADDWE PCL F instruction used to imple ment Computed GOTO The linker supplied with the free Microchip development system doesn t allow absolute constants to be GLOBAL or EXTERN This limits the opportunity to structure the modular components of the program into separate files INCLUDE files help a bit but usually the three major components table range checking and the procedure s that use the table must all share a common file Solutions Many PIC programmers have devised a variety of ways of dealing with these prob lems Each is a compromise and any notion of better depends upon which criteria are important in any particular application One solution and one with which the author is very pleased addresses the crite ria that are important to him f most How to descriptions of Range checking is essential Reliable and painless PCLATH management is essential He now uses the Microchip linker for all applications even trivial ones The strategy needs one macro and a little discipline Some components of th
52. oOo ePeoaaousod ooto ao g gt E 10 m OOD D1 Oo fH ae S ro oc OOOO O O pea OO 0 Oo atl ede bar dr ag 2G be ee a ee ee J oc OF OO eo ao qo ia fal Eg T Hi pig ta EF au FA l bo ooo 8 o ofo OV ano Sap t t onog oo G2 RT hats a Setting the input voltage Vin nooo gt E e e E oo 000 ooo oe aopa 7 8 EEE E Ten G O O OOOD Oo ae Oo og een eG AGOGO DAGAD CORPO eoA og w w CRE Bo Rath Y R55 opnodp P72 onoo FOAD F ooo0d oe0o00 a b i Reading the Fig 10 16 Wiring diagram for Practical Investigation 10 1 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 1 Connect the circuit as shown in Table 10 4 and in Fig 10 16a 2 Set the digital multimeter to the 20V DC range and switch on or connect the battery the supply 3 Read the voltage on the meter and vary the setting of VR1 to produce an input voltage of exactly OV 4 Now transfer the positive meter lead in order to measure the output voltage see Table 10 4 and Fig 10 16b 5 Record the output voltage which should be very close to OV when the input is OV 6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 with the input volt age set to 0 05V 0 10V 0 15V 0 20V etc as shown in Table 10 5 Note For this Practical Investigation it may be useful to check that the supply volt age has been correctly split to produce the 4 5V and 4 5V supply rails To do this you can temporarily disconnect the meter leads connect the ve
53. of carefully drawn illustrations the CD ROM contains a set of lab experiments for the virtual microcomputer that let you recreate the experiences of early computer pioneers If you re the slightest bit interested in the inner workings of computers then don t dare to miss this Over 800 pages in Adobe Acrobat format CD ROM Order code BEB2 CD ROM 21 95 RADIO RADIO Third Edition Jonathan Hill A celebration in words and pictures of the development of the British wireless set from its experimental begin nings in Victorian England to the foundation of a domes tic wireless manufacturing industry and the inception of broadcasting in the early 1920 s The story continues on throught the design conscious 1930 s where the radio really came into it s own as a piece of furniture to the war torn and austere days of the 1940 s The first transistor radios began to appear in the second half of the 1950s and in this new edition this rather neglect ed area has been fully covered by a section all of it s own which includes a directory listing of nearly 3 000 different transistor models The book finishes after the 1960s by which time our long established and once great radio industry had all but been destroyed by foreign imports Now with 320 pages and over 1 000 illustrations infor mative captions and carefully researched text Radio Radio is the first and still the only truly comprehensive book of its kind ever t
54. of goods ordered or for late delivery or for faults in manufacture TRANSMITTERS BUGS TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT We advise readers that certain items of radio transmitting and telephone equipment which may be advertised in our pages cannot be legally used in the UK Readers should check the law before buying any transmitting or telephone equipment as a fine confiscation of equipment and or imprisonment can result from illegal use or ownership The laws vary from country to country readers should check local laws A roundup of the latest Everyday News from the world of electronics DIGITAL SWITCHOVER COSTS Digital switchover is not quite as straightforward as some had hoped especially if spin is in the air as Barry Fox reports WITCHING the UK from analogue to digital TV will cost British broadcast ers and BBC licence fee payers 700 mil lion And that s not counting the cost to consumers of converting or replacing TVs VCRs and aerials It s also not counting the money given to vulnerable viewers who cannot afford to convert With puzzling timing Digital UK for merly SwitchCo launched a campaign on local election results day to try and prepare UK viewers for the end of analogue broad casting starting in the Northern Border regions in 2008 and ending in London in 2012 hopefully without denying anyone the chance of watching the London Olympics In each area there will be a four week grace period
55. of which the light level is auto matically lowered Construction Printed circuit board component and track layout details are shown in Fig 6 This board is available from the EPE PCB Service code 580 The board s dimensions are based on the aluminium plate of the Star O l e d and the p c b can be bolted to it for a compact assembly Assemble the board in order of ascending component size and use a socket for the PIC Only insert the pre programmed PIC once the board assembly has been fully checked Ensure that it is inserted the correct way round Parts List High Intensity Torch PC board code 580 available from the EPE PCB Service size 29mm x 27mm miniature single pole push button switch push to make plastic case torch see text 2 nylon bolts to secure PCB to aluminium LED plate nylon nuts two to act as spacers for PCB mounting 8 pin DIL socket solder stakes 3V to 6V battery with connec tors see text Multistrand connecting wire solder etc Semiconductors white LED Luxeon Star O 350mA at 3 4V D1 2 7V Zener diode D2 1N4148 signal diode see text D3 ZTX751 pnp transistor TR1 PIC12F629 microcontroller pre programmed see text IC1 Capacitors 1 47p ceramic disc C1 Resistors 0 25W 5 1 1k R1 1 2k2 R2 1 47k R3 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 1 05in 27mm Fig 6 Printed circuit board component and track layout details No particular c
56. other UV erasable windowed devices at a time in 20 minutes Operates from a 12 Volt supply 400mA Ideal for mobile work and in educational applications where mains voltages are to be avoided Safety interlock prevents contact with UV KIT 790 29 90 PIC LCD DISPLAY DRIVER 16 Character x 2 Line dis e Learn how to drive the dis play pcb programmed play and write your own PIC16F84 software disk and code all components to experiment e Ideal development base for with standard intelligent al meters calculators phanumeric displays In counters timers just cludes full PIC source code waiting for your application which can be changed to e Top quality display with match your application industry standard driver KIT 860 1 9 99 data and instructions PIC STEPPING MOTOR DRIVER PCB with components and PIC16F84 programmed with dem onstration software to drive any 4 phase unipolar motor up to 24 Volts at 1 Amp Kit includes 100 Step Hybrid Stepping Motor Full software source code supplied on disc Use this project to develop your own applications PCB allows simple PIC programmer SEND software to be used to reprogram ps KIT 863 18 99 8 CHANNEL DATA LOGGER From Aug Sept 99 EPE Featuring 8 analogue inputs and serial data transfer to PC Magenta redesigned PCB LCD plugs directly onto board Use as Data Logger or as a test bed for developing other PIC16F877 projects Kit includes Icd progra
57. reads O0dB for one loudspeaker Then the noise level of each of the other loudspeak ers is adjusted at the amplifier so that they are all the same Generally they can be adjusted to within 1dB of each other Relative measurements Note that the Loudspeaker Level Meter does not give an absolute sound level measurement it is a relative measurement only with respect to a reference level usually OdB set by the Level control knob You can then measure sound levels up to 6dB higher or 13dB lower than the reference 0dB level Most sound level meters incorporate frequency weighting to emulate the perceived loudness at different loudness levels However since this Level Meter is intended for loudness comparisons over a relatively nar row range no frequency weighting is required In addition to frequency response sound level meters can respond rap idly or slowly to changes in sound levels The Loudspeaker Level Meter LED display has a response similar to VU Volume Unit meters used in recording studios to set the audio Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Main Features 10 LED dot bargraph display 13dB to 6dB display range Level control Attack and decay rate follows VU standard Portable battery powered unit levels for recording VU response is very similar to the perceived loudness heard by the ear for various signals that include sudden transients Dot Bar display driver The heart of the Louds
58. sales easysync co uk Prices shown exclude carriage and VAT where applicable gt Run your laptop in your car gt Charge SLA batteries gt Run 24V equipment trom a 12V y amp PONER pe pe CONVERTER Adjustanie DC DC converter lor cars Need to run electronic equipment in your car but require more than 12V Or do you want more voltage than your 12V battery can deliver This versatile circuit will let you do it Run your laptop charge 12V SLA batteries or whatever By JOHN CLARKE E regularly get requests from readers wanting to power elec tronic equipment in their car Often they want to run a laptop computer in the car or perhaps charge 12V SLA batteries or whatever We have published circuits in the past but now we present an improved design capable of delivering any volt age from 13 8V up to 24V DC 34 Typically laptops require 15V DC or more in order to operate correctly and this voltage is not available directly from the car battery A car battery normally supplies only a nominal 12V DC when the engine is not running and between 13 8V and 14 4V when being charged by the car s alternator Hence if you want to run a laptop you need this DC DC Converter Steps up 12V to b etw 13 8V and 24y ii Maximum current 2A d Charge 12V 6 5Ah O SLA batteries r bigger Efficient Switchmode design Fuse and rever Se pola Protection Gant Power indicatio
59. so 40m remain to be converted Thirty percent of homes are analogue only 45 have one digital TV and 25 are fully digital says Ford Ennals of 8 DUK Twenty percent of homes have more than four TVs but they are not all in use for instance in home guest rooms so some can be converted later About 60 of people say they have heard of switchover which is not a bad number says Ennals but we should not get a sense of false security Analogue TVs are still for sale and people are buying more of them than digital TVs DUK is promoting Ofcom s estimate of 132 to convert an average household with two TVs and one VCR based on 25 per TV converter box and believes that only a small percentage around 10 of roof top aerials will need replacing at a parts and labour cost of between 70 and 150 Unclear Advice DUK s figures and advice on VCR conver sion are less clear In response to my ques tion Ford Ennals estimates there are 30m VCRs in the UK of which 25 are used for time shifting so up to 10m VCRs will have to be changed PVRs are now outselling VCRs he says but then had to admit that many PVRs are Sky boxes which only work if the viewer pays a subscription to Sky DUK is quoting figures and explanations on the practicality of VCR conversion from Ofcom that I have several times previously queried with Ofcom Viewers will only be able to record the same channel tha
60. switch press sequence is thus off gt mid power gt full power then from full power gt mid power gt off However when the L e d is already off three presses of S1 in quick succes sion launch the flash mode The flash sequence is that held in the program s ASM code as table SOSTAB As writ ten the sequence flashes the Morse Code message SOS Larger than life approx 2x view of the completed torch head with Mode Switch ready for mouting inside a discarded plastic torch body perhaps E F 1 rf Those readers with programming facilities for the PIC12F629 can modify the code for this section so that other flash sequences can be generated In the SOSTAB table the retlw values hold the flash code The values re turn the length of the time intervals between each flash Experimenting with S1 will make its use clear In full power mode under 4 2V the current consumption is around 350mA Note also that there is a 30 minute timeout after which the l e d is turned off automatically EPE NEWSAGENTS ORDER FORM Please reserve deliver a copy of Everyday Practical Electronics for me each month Postcode Everyday Practical Electronics is published on the second Thursday of each month and distributed S O R by SEYMOUR Make sure of your copy each month cut out or photocopy this form fill it in and hand it to your newsagent Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 6
61. the on screen grid and disable the snap facility Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 19 Starship Enterprise Door Sound Simulator This easy to build kit emulates the unique noise made when the cabin doors on the Starship Enterprise open and close The shut noise is also duplicated The sound emulator can be triggered by switch contacts normally open which means you can use a reed magnet switch IR beam or PIR detector Kit includes a machined silkscreened and pre drilled case speaker and all electronics components with clear English instructions e Requires 9 12VDC power Battery Zapper MkIl This kit attacks a common cause of failure in wet lead acid cell batteries sulphation The circuit produces short bursts of high level energy to reverse the damaging sulphation effect This improved unit features a battery health checker with LED indicator new circuit protection against badly sulphated batteries test points for a DMM and connection for a battery charger Kit includes case with screen printed lid PCB with overlay all electronic components and clear English instructions Suitable for 6 12 and 24V batteries e Powered by the battery itself POST AND PACKING CHARGES Order Value Cost Order Value Cost 20 49 99 5 200 499 99 30 50 99 99 10 500 40 100 199 99 20 Max weight 12lb 5kg Heavier parcels POA Minimum order 20 Ther
62. to the controlling software Although the screen objects are designed to link with the software as easily as possi ble this is not to say that it is possible to produce any desired screen layout and then link it properly to the software For exam ple when designing the screen layout you have to make sure that it will be possible to use the mouse to generate suitable events when operating the controls Often this will not produce any problems but with the fancier controls it might be necessary to use a little ingenuity in order to get everything operating in the desired manner Seeing the Light Things like indicator lights and bargraph displays are easy to produce and control under Visual BASIC 6 and they provide an easy starting point There is a shape com ponent in the toolbox and this produces a rectangle by default When using any com ponent for the first time it is useful to add it to a Form and then look at the Properties panel This will usually list parameters that can be altered via the Properties panel Form RED Fig 2 The indicator light program in operation In addition to changing its colour the buttons enable the indicator light to be totally removed from the screen 18 Hue 22 Red 252 Lum 119 Blue 1 Add Color Close Help El Fig 1 Using this window it is possible to produce your custom colours Color Solid An important point to bear in mind
63. whiteboard with a mouse to share sketches in real time with your friends There is a simple PC to mobile phone service where you can send and receive instant messages useful when your friends are away from their PC Check out the costs first though There are a number of other aspects that will appeal to younger users and indeed MSN Messenger does make conversing more fun Windows XP usually has MSN series of hoops before signing up successfully with MSN This was a frustrating and time consuming process and a long way removed from the simplicity of installing Skype There are many other facets to MSN Messenger and rather like ICQ it takes some practice to get to grips with its many features Some users will consider it an over elaborate package compared against Skype but others will enjoy the extra interaction that MSN Messenger brings In use the signing on process is fast enough and then some tabbed advertising applets fill with marketing messages e g recruitment dat ing eBay the UK National Lottery and BBC Radio 1 The contact lists tab then populates to show which of your friends are online Like similar packages you can set your online status e g Do Not Disturb Away with a mouse click There are plenty more options to explore The writer wanted especially to compare MSN s video conferenc ing service with Skype In fact with both services there is some notice able lag in voice communications which takes away from th
64. with time and improved thermal dissipation these l e d s provide a longevity far superior to that of filament lamps see Fig 1 LUXEON L E D 60 5mm WHITE L E D 40 RELATIVE EFFICIENCY 20 INCANDESCENT LAMP Fig 1 Typical life expectancy of various light sources 60 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 The Luxeon l e d used here retains 70 of its initial efficiency after five years of continuous use By compari son a standard Krypton lamp is only guaranteed for 15 operating hours But the Luxeon s longevity is conditional upon the recommended operating conditions being met In particular the current flow through it has to be fairly tightly supervised In Response A graph of the current voltage re sponse of the Star O l e d is shown in Fig 2 Its recommended maximum steady current flow is 350mA 500mA in pulse mode At this value light in tensity reaches about 180cd candelas in the axis of the lens for a total lu minous output of 181m lumens at an angle of 20 In effect the light output is in a beam as illustrated in Fig 3 Suppliers of l e d s don t al ways use the same unit of light intensity sometimes speaking of mcd milli candela sometimes of Im lumens The candela unit specifies the light intensity at a given point and in relation to the beam width The lumen unit is equivalent to the product of the light intensity in relation to the angular su
65. 0 A mW K 22 g 49 mV K 14 ref TEL1 Die cast illuminated microscope set in plastic carry case Includes a handy carry case with a 1200x magnification microscope Contents include test tubes magnifier glass and probe Requires 2 x AA batteries not includ ed ultra compact lightweight easy to use and comfortable to hold An ideal microscope for the beginner g offering a good magnification range 25 99 ref MAG1200 BULL GROUP LTD UNIT D HENFIELD BUSINESS PARK HENFIELD SUSSEX BN5 9SL TERMS C CARDS CASH PO CHEQUE OR ONLINE ORDERING PRICES PLUS VAT UK DELIVERY 5 50 TEL 0870 7707520 FAX 01273 491813 sales bullnet co uk www bullnet co uk BENCH PSU 0 15V 0 2a Output and voltage are _ both smooth and can be lt regulated according to work Input 230V 21 2 number LCD display for _ voltage and current _ Robust PC grey housing _ Size 13x15x21cm Weight 3 2kg 48 REF trans2 HB10 One of our range of Stirling engines The Bohm HB10 Stirling engine is available in both ready built and kit form The power comes from a small spirit burner once lit just watch this amazing Stirling engine run HB10 in kit form is 97 95 or 101 99 built Many other mod els in stock Order online at www mamodspares co uk Rapidos Mobile network ing digital surveillance system Plugs into USB port on computer takes 4 cameras NSTC or PAL 352 288 res 1 30 fis MPEG4 amp MJPEG motion dete
66. 05 VOL 14 BACK ISSUES July 2005 to December 2005 I l I NOTE These CD ROMs are suitable for use on any PC with a l CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader available free l l from the Internet www adobe com acrobat i I WHAT IS INCLUDED All volumes include the EPE Online editorial content of every listed issue plus all the available PIC Project Codes for the PIC projects Be eee gas els be R A NRS PostCode i published in those issues l i i LJ I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of i Note Some supplements etc can be downloaded free from the I _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners I Library on the EPE Online website at www epemag com I Club Maest I No advertisements are included in Volumes 1 and 2 from Volume 5 pees I onwards the available relevant software for Interface articles is also included i aare Eee au E CLE he S A aaae ae ae Cie s EE a Aa a Aa E Aat aar races CU E IE E Teck oe i l l EXTRA ARTICLES ON ALL VOLUMES Ae eN E T E E S er i BASIC SOLDERING GUIDE Alan Winstanley s internationally l Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under acclaimed fully illustrated guide UNDERSTANDING PASSIVE COMPO NENTS Introduction to the basic principles of passive components HOW TO USE INTELLIGENT L C Ds by Julyan llett An utterly practi cal guide to interfacing and programming intelligent liquid crystal display modu
67. 10kHz 120MHz PHILIPS PM5328 100kHz 180MHz with 200MHz Freq Counter IEEE PANASONIC VP8117A AM FM 100kHz 110MHz FM 0 100kHz Digital Display etc Unused 325 300 STEWART of READING o 17A King Street Mortimer Near Reading RG7 3RS T Telephone 0118 933 1111 Fax 0118 933 2375 m VISA www stewart of reading co uk Open 9am 5 00pm Monday to Friday other times by arrangement HP 8165A Programmable Signal Source 1MHz 50MHz Pulse Function HP 3325A Synthesised Function Gen 21MHz HP 3312A Function Gen 0 1Hz 13MHz AM FM Sleep Tri Burst etc WAVETEK 21 Stabilised Function Gen 11MHz WAVETEK 23 Synthesised Function Gen 12MHz EXACT 529 AM FM Function Gen 20MHz ANALOGUE 2030 Synthesised Multi Function Waveform 250 THANDER TG503 Pulse Function Gen 5MHz THANDER TG502 Sweep Function Gen 5MHz KRON HITE 5200A Sweep Func Gen 0 00003Hz 3MHz 150 HP 3310B Info as 3310A etc HP 3310A Func Gen 0 005Hz 5MHz Sine Sq Tri Ramp Pulse ee PHILIPS PM5132 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz PHILIPS PM5131 Function Gen 0 1Hz 2MHz FEEDBACK FG601 Func Gen 0 001Hz 1MHz HP 8112A Pulse Gen 50MHz HP 8111A Pulse Generator 20MHz LYONS PG73N Pulse Gen 20MHz LEADER LAG120B Sine Sq Audio Generator 10Hz 1MHz 60 FARNELL LFM4 Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 1MHz Low Distortion TTL Output Amplitutde Meter GOULD J3B Sine Sq Osc 10Hz 100kHz Low Distortio FARNELL LF1 Sine Sq Oscillator 10Hz 1MHz MARCONI SANDERS 6055C Signal Source 850 2000MHz_ 125 MARCONI
68. 2 5A Based on Mk1 design with switching pre regulator for high efficiency Panel meters for A and V Toroidal trans former Variable Volts 0 25 AND Variable Current limit from 0 2 5A Kit includes punched and la belled case A classic and essential piece of test gear Kit 845 64 95 Stepping amp DC Motors A range of motors for many applications Visit our website for more details MD100 100 step Unipolar MD200 200 step Unipolar MD24 Type 23 size 200 step 22 95 MAGENTA BRAINIBOT amp Il Full kt with ALL hard 9 9 pay peo ay ware and electronics As featured in EPE Feb 03 KIT 910 Seeks light beeps and avoids obstacles Spins and reverses when cornered Uses 8 pin PIC chip ALSO KIT 911 As 910 PLUS programmable WC IT910 16 99 KIT911 24 99 leads and software CD included www magenta2000 co uk Tel 01283 565435 PIC PIPE DESCALER e SIMPLE TO BUILD e SWEPT FREQUENCY OUTPUT e HIGH POWER e AUDIO amp VISUAL MONITORING O An affordable circuit which sweeps the incoming water supply with varying frequency electromagnetic signals May reduce scale formation dissolve existing scale and improve the way salts in the water behave Kit includes case PCB coupling coil and all components High coil current ensures maximum effect LED and piezo monitor PIC WATER DESCALER KIT 868 22 95 PSU 3 99 12V EPROM ERASER A safe low cost eraser for up to 4 EPROMS or
69. 2006 Hal amp PIC Ambilux Sunset Switch Current Clamp Adaptor for Multimeters PCB SERVICE Printed circuit boards for most recent EPE constructional projects are available from the PCB Service see list These are fabricated in glass fibre and are fully drilled and roller tinned All prices include VAT and postage and packing Add 1 per board for airmail outside of Europe Remittances should be sent to The PCB Service Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk On line Shop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Cheques should be crossed and made payable to Everyday Practical Electronics Payment in sterling only NOTE While 95 of our boards are held in stock and are dispatched within seven days of receipt of order please allow a maximum of 28 days for delivery overseas readers allow extra if ordered by surface mail Back numbers or photocopies of articles are available if required see the Back Issues page for details We do not supply kits or components for our projects Please check price and availability in the latest issue A large number of older boards are listed on our website Boards can only be supplied on a payment with order basis Light Detector JAN 05 481 Camera Watch 482 Gate Alarm Oscillator 483 Delay Timer x Sneaky Transmitter Receive
70. 217o qm 07 5 0 KOI eleo 22 00 Yolo qe 01D eam EO NEURO Ce CAD 28 50 PRACTICAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS A Flind Extensive coverage is given to circuits using capacitors and resistors to control frequency Designs using CMOS timer i c s and op amps are all described in detail with a special chapter on waveform generator i c s Reliable white and pink noise generator circuits are also included Various circuits using inductors and capacitors are covered with emphasis on stable low fre quency generation Some of these are amazingly simple but are still very useful signal sources Crystal oscillators have their own chapter Many of the circuits shown are readily available special i c s for simplicity and reliability and offer several output frequen cies Finally complete constructional details are given for an audio sinewave generator 133 pages Order code BP393 5 49 PIC IN PRACTICE David W Smith A graded course based around the practical use of the PIC microcontroller through project work Principles are intro duced gradually through hands on experience enabling hobbyists and students to develop their understanding at their own pace The book can be used at a variety of levels Contents Introduction to the PIC microcontroller Programming the 16F84 microcontroller Using inputs Keypad scanning Program examples The 16C54 micro controller Alphanumeric displays Analogue to digital con
71. 3 EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS UK readers you can SAVE 55p on every issue of EPE How would you like to pay 2 75 instead of 3 30 for your copy of EPE Well you can just take out a one year subscription and save 55p an issue or 6 60 over the year You can even save over 75p an issue if you subscribe for two years a total saving of 18 20 Overseas rates also represent exceptional value You also Avoid any cover price increase for the duration of your subscription Get your magazine delivered to your door each month Ensure your copy even if the newsagents sell out Order by phone or fax with a credit card or by post with a cheque or postal order or buy on line from www epemag co uk click on Subscribe Now EPE SUBSCRIPTION PRICES waite tical Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK SVISA toe 6 months 17 50 12 months 33 two years 61 Overseas ee 6 Months UK 17 50 Overseas 20 50 6 months 20 50 standard air service or 29 50 express airmail standard air service 29 50 express airmail 12 months 39 standard air service or 57 express airmail 1 Year UK 33 00 Overseas 39 00 standard air service 24 months 73 standard air service or 109 express airmail 57 express airmail Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday 2 Years UK 61 00 Overseas 73 00 standard air service Practical Electronics and sent
72. 3007KT 3V FM Room Bug 7 95 3033KT Telephone Recording Adpt 8 95 3118KT 12 bit Data Acquisition Unit 49 95 The PicoScope 3000 series oscilloscopes are the latest offerings from the market leader in PC oscilloscopes combining high bandwidths with large buffer memories Using the latest advances in electronics the oscilloscopes connect to the USB port of any modern PC making full use of the PCs processing capabilities large screens and familiar graphical user interfaces High performance 1065 5 sampling rate amp 200MHz bandwidth 1MB buffer memory High speed USB 2 0 interface Advanced display amp trigger modes Compact amp portable Supplied with PicoScope amp PicoLog software Tel 01480 396395 www picotech com scope355 OSCILLOSCOPES TEKTRONIX 2247A 4 Channel 100MHz Counter Timer Voltmeter TEKTRONIX 2335 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep 125 TEKTRONIX 485 Dual Trace 350MHz Delay Sweep 300 IWATSU SS5711 4 Channel 100MHz Delay Sweep 150 PHILIPS 3065 2 1 Channel 100MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 200 PHILIPS 3055 2 1 Channel 60MHz Dual TB Delay Autoset 150 PHILIPS PM3217 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay Sweep KIKUSUI COS6100 5 Trace 100MHz Delay TEKTRONIX 475A Dual Trace 250MHz Delay Sweep TEKTRONIX 475 Dual Trace 200MHz Delay Sweep TEKTRONIX 465B Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep TEKTRONIX 465 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep PHILIPS PM3209 Dual Trace 40MHz Delay PHILIP
73. 4 amp 8 channel fram 45 USB amp senal port DIO cards 24 and 96 anma trom 55 Hut ry Al 1S et i bay UT poe fa Tiare porer and sanal relay opto from 130 Haay CA i R af i ATSEM Hie Lo relays per sheli edie 150 Secure aine ordering amp free worldwide sipoing an most products ElmScan 5 Scan Tool e Diagnose any car with EOBD 9600 or 38400 baud e Based on the ELM327 IC e Supported by more software than e Supports all EOBD and OBD II any other OBD interface including protocols free and open source software v ISOI5765 4 CAN e Inexpensive v ISO14230 4 Keyword 2000 Automatic protocol detection v ISO9141 2 e Package includes cables software v 1850 VPW CD and Quick Start Guide v J1850 PWM Buy from your local UK distributors www ElmScan5 com epe Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 41 EPE Tutorial Series TEACH IN 2006 Part Ten Pics and Operational Amplifiers MIKE TOOLEY BA Our Teach In 2006 series provides a broad based introduction to electronics for the complete newcomer The series also provides the more experienced reader with an opportunity to brush up on topics which may be less familiar This month we shall be looking at two very different integrated circuit devices that have both had a huge impact on the world of electronics the PIC microcontroller and the operational amplifier op amp These deceptively simple devices have found their way
74. 56 753440 Fax 01756 752857 Email info labcenter co uk www labcenter co uk Electronics Labcenter Electronics Ltd 53 55 Main Street Grassington North Yorks BD23 SAA Registered in England 4692454
75. 8V radial elect caps SP183 20 x BC547 transistors SP187 15 x BC239 transistors SP189 4 x 5 metres solid core wire SP192 3 x CMOS 4066 SP195 3 x 10mm Yellow LEDs SP197 6 x 20 pin DIL sockets SP198 5 x 24 pin DIL sockets SP199 5 x 2 5mm mono jack plugs SP200 5 x 2 5mm mono jack sockets RP3 5 each value total 3650 25W 3 30 RP7 10 each value total 730 0 25W 4 55 UIT Elect aniei RP10 1000 popular values 0 25W 6 45 EE i r l RP4 5 each value total 345 0 5W 4 20 e j RP8 10 each value total 690 0 5W 6 85 WWW audon co tk 44 0 115 925 8412 Fax 44 0 115 925 9757 RP11 1000 popular values 0 5W 8 70 Serial LCD controller will control any HD44780 compatible displays 1 2 or 4 lines up to 180 total characters fully software configurable automatic Baud J rate etc Works from RS232 port USB to serial converter or directly from a microcontroller Simple two character text commands for full control Very small will fit behind the display Scrolling text macro facility and much more 11 00 Serial Analogue board 10 bit 3 analogue inputs 2 digital I O all serially controlled using simple 2 letter text commands Analogue as percentage or absolute 10 bit value MONEY BACK GUARANTEE Cool Blue 16x2 LCD fitted with the serial interface If you are not completely satisfied return the goods within illuminated white lettering can be seen in full daylight Has the IASI module attached and ready to go
76. A uG b l Y F k an MMI LILI tip p y b aie i a pa Ae 7 x SEEERa f 3 vp i Soret He k i ja Hel 5 i b i bp ey i i amp a ik Ties E 2 S EGET i ae eS H rS ea e anll ji a i j FROM Cor Hi SIs A powerful capture package tailored for todays engineer and designed to allow rapid entry of complex schematics for simulation and PCB Layout A customised implementation of the industry standard Berkeley SPICE 3F5 engine with extensive optimisations and enhancements for true mixed mode simulation and circuit animation The worlds first and best schematic based microcontroller co simulation software Proteus VSM allows you to simulate the interaction between software running on a microcontroller and any analog or digital electronics connected to it This streamlines the project lifecycle and obviates the need for expensive hardware analysis tools A modern and professional layout package which seamlessly integrates with the ISIS capture software Features such as autoplacement and autorouting interactive DRC and an intuitive interface all serve to maximise productivity and reduce time to market LAE R ELECTRONICS LTI CONTACT US NOW A technology pioneer in the EDA industry since 1988 to discuss requirements or Technical support direct from the program authors request a FREE evaluation copy Flexible packages and pricing tailored to customer requirements Tel 017
77. C is not quite as oner ous as it might sound As mentioned earlier you can use assembly language or a high level language such as C BASIC or Flowcode or a mixture of these languages Software and a programmer see Fig 10 5 for an example will be required to do this There are many low cost PIC programming and development systems readily available The two most commonly used methods of programming a PIC chip are shown in Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 T MELAR Vpp THY Raoano RAVANI RA2 AN2 Vret RAS IANS Vrel RAA TOCKI RASIAN4 SS m 8 REG RD ANS RBOINT 33 RE WRIANG Vdd RE2 CS AN7 vss Bil Vad RDTIPSP7 oo Vss RD6 PSP6 f 3 OSC1 CLKI 4 OSC2 CLKO 5 RCOTICKI RDS PSP5 28 RD4 PSP4 RC7IRKIDT fs fe RCWT10SI RCGITXICK 5 i7 Rexecr RCS SDO fe aj RC3 RC4 SDI SDA is ROO PSPo RDIIPSP3 fz 20 RDWPSP1 RD2IPSP2 Ei Fig 10 3 Pin connections for the PIC 16F877 chip Fig 10 6 In Fig 10 6a a dedicated PIC pro grammer is used whilst in Fig 10 6b the PIC is programmed whilst resident in the target system In either case the program ming software and source code is resident on a PC and downloaded as hex code into the PIC 43 Fig 10 5 A simple PIC programmer 44 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 The process of generating the source code compiling and or assembling it into hex code see Fig 10 7 is invariably per formed by software that is includ
78. C508 9 3 90 16F627 8 4 90 16F84 71 5 90 16F876 877 18Fxxxx 10 00 All inc VAT and Postage 1kV 500V Insulation Tester Super design Regulated output and efficient cir cuit Dual scale meter F compact case Reads up f to 200 Megohms y Kit includes wound ferrite transformer drilled and punched case meter scale PCB amp ALL compo nents Needs PP3 bat tery KIT 848 32 95 DUAL OUTPUT TENS UNIT An excellent kit for this project based on the EPE March 97 Design Our Full Kit includes all components hardware and an improved Magenta pcb All hardware and electrodes are included Designed for simple assembly and testing provid ing a high level controlled dual output drive KIT 866 32 90 pirosas Inc 4 electrodes Electrodes 6 50 EPE MICROCHIP P I Treasure Hunter Stable Sensitive Pulse Induction detector Easy to build and use No ground effect works in sea water Detects Gold Silver ferrous and non ferrous metals 5s essesaseussaues Kit Includes Head KIT 847 63 95 x phones coil and all Hardware Ultrasonic PEsT Scarers Two Ultrasonic PEsT Scarers Kit 812 produces regular high level pulses of 32kHz Kit 867 produces Random pulses and can work with an optional slave unit to give two separate ultrasound sources Both kits need 9V supply Kit 812 14 81 psu 3 99 Kit 867 19 99 867Slave 12 51 MOSFET MKII Bench PSU 0 25V
79. DLW MASK cannot be justified 6 Each table is in its own CODE sec tion and this must be defined manually 7 Each table is defined by two names of the form lt table gt Start table goes here lt table gt End 8 Within the same source file but in a different CODE section TableRangeCheck is used to constrain W to the size of the table The structure is lt table gt ConstrainCode CODE lt table gt TableRangeCheck lt table gt Start lt table gt End 9 In the procedure using the table for table lookup use MOVE SRC W CALL lt table gt 10 In the procedure using the table for Computed GOTO use MOVE SRC W GOTO lt table gt 11 The linker script must put the code containing the table into a zero sub page and the other code into a non zero sub page within the same page Code Example Here is an example of the type of coding needed held within the file defining the table ExampleTableCode ExampleTableStart ADDWF PCL f RETLW OxAA RETLW OxBB ExampleTableEnd Other Tables CODE ExampleTableConstrainCode CODE ExampleTable TableRangeCheck ExampleTableStart ExampleTableEnd constraint code for other tables It is usual but not essential for each table and each constraint procedure to have its own CODE section ExampleCode CODE MOVF SRC W CALL ExampleTable MOVWE DST Note that the transfer is to the constraint procedure not to the start of the table Table Range Check The TableRangeChe
80. F phone from anywhere in the world and remotely turn on off any of the 4 relays as desired User settable Security Password Anti Tamper Rings to Answer Auto Hang up and Lockout Includes plastic case 130 x 110 x 30mm Power 12Vdc Kit Order Code 3140KT 46 95 Assembled Order Code AS3140 59 95 Computer controlled 8 channel relay board 5A mains rated relay outputs and 4 opto isolated digital inputs for monitoring switch states etc Useful in a variety of control and sensing applications Programmed via serial port use our new Windows interface terminal emulator or batch files Serial cable can be up to 35m long Once programmed unit can operate without PC Includes plastic case 130x100x30mm Power 12Vdc 500mA Kit Order Code 3108KT 54 95 Assembled Order Code AS3108 64 95 Control 12 onboard relays with included infrared remote con trol unit Toggle or momentary 15m range 112 x 122mm Supply 12Vdc 0 5A Kit Order Code 3142KT 47 95 Assembled Order Code AS3142 59 95 Drives any 5 6 or 8 lead unipolar stepper motor rated up to 6 Amps max Provides speed and direc tion control Operates in stand alone or PC controlled mode Up to six 3179 driver boards can be connected to a single parallel port Supply 9Vdc PCB 80x50mm Kit Order Code 3179KT 11 95 Assembled Order Code AS3179 18 95 also avail able Order Code 3158 details on
81. FORE ORDERING OR CALLING SPECIAL OFFERS HP 182T with 8557A 10kHz 350MHz HP 140T with 8555A 10MHz 18GHz ADVANTEST TR4131 10kHz 3 5GHz WAYNE KERR SSA1000A 150kHz 1GHz MARCONI 2382 200Hz 400MHz High Resolution MARCONI 2370 30Hz 110MHz HP 8754A Network Analyser 4 1300MHz MARCONI 6500A Amplitude Analyser with head HP 334A Distortion Analyser 5Hz 600kHz SIGNAL GENERATORS HP 8350B Sweeper with 83592B 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350A Sweeper with 83592A 10MHz 20GHz HP 8350B Main Frame Only HP 83525B RF Plug in for 8350 0 01 8 4GHz HP 83590A RF Plug in for 8350 2 20GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 1 3GHz HP 8660C Sig Gen 2 6GHz HP 86603A RF Plug in for 8660C 1 2600MHz HP86631B Axillary Section for 8660C HP86632B Modulation Section for 8660C MARCONI 2017 0 01 124MHz Low Phase Noise MARCONI 2019 Synthesised AM FM 80kHz 1040MHz FLUKE 6060B AM FM Syn Sig Gen 10kHz 1050MMtz LEADER LSG221B Sig Gen 25 950MHz HP 8656B Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8656A Synthesised 0 1 990MHz HP 8640A AM FM 500kHz 512MHz HP 8620C Sweep Osc with 86290B 2 18 6GHz HP8620C Sweep Osc with 86222B 0 01 2 4GHz HP8620C B A with any of the following plug ins HP 86220A Plug in 10 1300MHz HP 86230B Plug in 1 5 4GHz HP 86235A Plug in 1 7 4 3GHz HP 86240A Plug in 2 8 5GHz HP 86240C Plug in 3 6 8 6GHz HP 86245A Plug in 5 9 12 4GHz HP86250B Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86250D Plug in 8 12 4GHz HP 86260A Plug in 12 4 18GHz MARCONI TF2015 AM FM 10 520MHz MARCONI TF2016 AM FM
82. LER 12V REG1 7805 100nF ce 1N4004 A Fig 1 a PIC16F84 microcontroller IC1 forms the heart of the circuit It accepts the Alarm Input signal and drives an RS232 transceiver IC2 MAX232 which interfaces to the modem The moden in turn connects to the telephone line and carries out the dialling failed the power is off or the telephone line is faulty Failed call state If an alarm has occurred and the Alarm Dialler has exhausted all its call retries and did not get an incom ing three call response it goes into a failed call state In this mode it will not return to normal scan mode until it has received three calls within 90 seconds This is done for two reasons First it avoids continually sensing an alarm condition and re dialling if the alarm has not been reset Second it allows you to check if an alarm has occurred if you have not been previously contacted Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 While in failed call mode the Alarm Dialler will answer every incoming call So if you call the unit to check its status and it answers immediately this indicates that an alarm has almost certainly occurred To double check that this is the case call again two more times within the 90 second period If the unit answers every call then an alarm has occurred This three call sequence will also reset the alarm and return the Alarm Dial ler to scan mode Note that this alarm checking a
83. P LT USB to Bacar primary a siian vibration tilt sensing AC signal analysys two button mouse pointing device aiternative demonstration software provided using FTDI s Virtual COM Port VCP drivers Future Technology Devices Intl Ltd 373 Scotland Street Glasgow G5 8QB Tel 0141 429 2777 E Mail chipshop ftdichip com Web www ftdichip com Inhil es Ia Die A EIA re o opuons Micro Miniature USB Module FT232R 9 USB UART Lin Pitch Pinout T XD RXD RTS UART Interface Pins Communication CTS baud to 3M baud e Four configurable GPIO Pins e USB Self Bus powered o 5v I O signal ptions options a a Pe level lt 50 USB powered for reading and writing ISO 18000 3 ssive RFID A low cost module SO and RFID Reader Writer tre ISO 15693 ISO 18000 3 15693 DLP AFID1 Desig were dipsesign com kd ree ad an d write bytes of data read the unique identifier UID Internal antenna inside the unit ms it size 3 25 x 2 3 x 83 Operating range from 2 6 inches depen pon the siz e of the transponder tag r e LLLI is Li US i 12 50 10cm version Looks great and works great with MAC platforms as well as PC N indicators ctors th driver CD LM baud Lm version available High tech white gloss enclosure Blue side lit LED TX and RX traffic Gold Plated USB and Supplied in retail packaging wi Communication rates from 300 baud t
84. S 232 John Waller unpublished Using I2C Facilities in the PIC16F877 John Waller unpublished Using Serial EEPROMs Gary Moulton unpublished Additional text for EPE PIC Tutorial V2 John Becker unpublished C I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of L Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip O Q Z o Valid From cc 2e8ni5 ceaes eas Expiry Date Maestro Issue No SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue NOTE The PDF files on this CD ROM are suitable to use on any PC with a CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader included on the CD ROM BECOME A PIC WIZARD WITH THE HELP OF EPE Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 75 WEVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS THE No1 UK MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTER PROJECTS BACK ISSUES We can supply back issues of EPE by post most issues from the past three years are available An EPE index for the la
85. S PM3215 Dual Trace 50MHz KENWOOD CS4035 Dual Trace 40MHz PANASONIC VP5564A Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V525 Dual Trace 50MHz Cusors HITACHI V523 Dual Trace 50MHz Delay HITACHI V425 Dual Trace 40MHz Cursors HITACHI V422 Dual Trace 40MHz HITACHI V223 Dual Trace 20MHz Delay HITACHI V222 Dual Trace 20MHz HITACHI V212 Dual Trace 20MHz FARNELL DTV12 14 Dual Trace 12MHz STORAGE PHILIPS PM3320 Dual Trace 200MHz 250Ms S LECROY 9400 Dual Trace 125MHz TEKTRONIX 468 Dual Trace 100MHz Delay Sweep Digital Storage VELLEMAN HPS5 1MHz 5MHz Sampling Handheld Unused 60 ANALYSERS ADVANTEST R3265A 100Hz 8GHz TEKTRONIX 492P 50kHz 21GHz HP8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz Built In Tracking Gen HP 8560A 50Hz 2 9GHz HP 8569A 10MHz 22GHz HP 8565A 10MHz 22GHz HP 853A with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP 182T with 8559A 100kHz 21GHz HP182T with 8558B 100kHz 1500MHz 175 150 125 oscopes icoScope 3000 Series PC Oscill at SS TinnSrope pe A205 TA Banpsidt SUMH LALELA RE 00 RAL Sampling pace lrooecities 25055 5 4 Css Sonoling rata Inngieshel SiiS u HIIS UNS Chamais Pres tajgo P het mippr Sig gen 2 Ent trigger Sey gee Drewes cpt tome eh Gaai bo SOn tit ranri bo indie Ioadiy to 504s Timphaee accuracy Tipe SU ppm Nippa Spe kram resges Oto 25MH 0 to Scns Dim 10MH Huler m amory niim eonRE SZEN AME Hamiti Secrecy 8 Gite 2a HO Caneection PLEASE ENSURE YOU TELEPHONE TO CHECK AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT BE
86. SANDERS 6055B Signal Source 850 2150MHz 125 MARCONI SANDERS 6056B Signal Source 2 4GHz MARCONI SANDERS 6057B Signal Source 4 5 8 5GHz MARCONI SANDERS 6059A Signal Source 12 18GHz MARCONI SANDERS 6070A Signal Source 400 1200MHz 125 FLUKE 6011A Synthesised 11MHz PHILIPS 5514V Colour Bar Generator Video BLACK STAR ORION Colour Bar Gen BLACK STAR ORION Later Version Metal Case FREQUENCY COUNTERS TIMERS EIP 371 Source Locking Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz 325 EIP 331 Autohet Microwave Counter 825MHz 18GHz HP 5386A Counter 10Hz 3GHz FEEDBACK SC230 Counter 1 3GHz RACAL 9916 Counter 10Hz 520MHz RACAL 9906 Universal Counter 200MHz RACAL 9904 Counter Timer 50MHz RACAL 1991 Counter Timer 160MHz 9 digit MARCONI 2431A Frequency Meter 200MHz MARCONI 2437 Counter Timer 100MHz HP 5340A Automet Microwave Counter 10Hz 18GHz 900m V to ta COS PLSD ce pet di ikee Tec hnolog oe Linufes HP 5316A Universal Counter 0 100MHz HPIB THANDAR TF810 Frequency Counter 5Hz 200MHz Battery 60 THANDAR TF200 Frequency Meter 10Hz 200MHz 8 digit 40 BLACK STAR Meteor 100 Counter 5Hz 100MHz BLACK STAR 1325 Counter Timer 1300MHz BECKMAN UC10A Universal Counter 120MHz LEADER LDC9043 Digital Counter 100MHz DIGITAL MULTIMETERS ETC SOLARTRON 7150 6 digit True RMS IEEE SOLARTRON 7150Plus As Above Temp Measurement 100 DATRON 1065 5 2 digit Autocal AC DC Resistance IEEE 95 FLUKE 77 3 digit Ha
87. SFET outputs e RS485 network connector e 2 16 LCD Connector e 3 5mm Speaker Phone Jack e Supply 9 12Vdc The ABC Maxi STARTER PACK includes one assembled Maxi Board parallel and serial cables and Windows software CD ROM featuring an Assembler BASIC com piler and in system programmer Order Code ABCMAXISP 89 95 The ABC Maxi boards only can also be purchased separately at 69 95 each Controllers amp Loggers Here are just a few of the controller and data acquisition and control units we have See website for full details Suitable PSU for all units Order Code PSU445 8 95 State of the Art High secu rity 4 channels Momentary or latching relay output Range up to 40m Upto 15 Tx s can be learnt by one Rx kit includes one Tx but more available separately 4 indicator LED s sS Rx PCB 77x85mm 12Vdc 6mA standby Two amp Ten Channel versions also available Kit Order Code 3180KT 44 95 Assembled Order Code AS3180 51 95 Serial port 4 channel tem _ perature logger C or F fF Continuously logs up to 4 f separate sensors located gq 200m from board Wide range of free software applications for storing using data PCB just 38x38mm Powered by PC Includes one DS1820 sensor and four header cables Kit Order Code 3145KT 18 95 Assembled Order Code AS3145 25 95 Additional DS1820 Sensors 3 95 each Emenee 177 168 Call your phone number using a DTM
88. V reference allows Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 1 25V REFERENCE 6 5109 4 1 2k 3 3k 5 SIGNAL IN F COMPARATORS 1 fe TS tS tS tS tS tS tS Fig 1 the LM3914 LED display driver IC includes 10 comparators a 1 25V voltage reference and a signal input buffer stage the IC to be set up to display the range of voltages required The resistor be tween the REFoyr and REFjn pins 7 amp 8 sets the reference current so with the 1 2kQ resistor shown the current is 1 25V 1 2kO or 1 04mA This current flows through the resistors connecting the REFyy pin to ground OV 11 MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER IC Since we are using 510Q and 3 3kQ resistors in series the voltage at the REF jy pin will be 1 04mA x 510Q 3 3kQ or 3 96V The voltage at the junc tion of the 3 3kQ resistor and 510Q re sistor will be 1 04mA x 3 3kQ or 3 43V So this gives us Ry of 3 96V and R o of 3 43V and so the input voltage applied to pin 5 will light LEDs 1 10 when the voltage goes between 3 43V and 3 96V This is a nominal 0 53V range Block diagram The block diagram for the Loud speaker Level Meter is shown in Fig 2 As shown the microphone signal is amplified by IC1 with the gain set using VR1 Then the signal is preci sion rectified and filtered IC2 before PRECISION VU RECTIFIER FILTER IC2a IC2b D1 D2 being applied to the bargraph display driver IC3 Circuit details The ful
89. Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email enquiries epemag wimborne co uk Web Site www epemag co uk EPE Online Sownioadabl version of EPE www epemag com EPE Online See notes on Readers Technical Enquiries below we regret THE UK s No 1 MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY amp COMPUTER PROJECTS hop www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm technical enquiries cannot be answered over the telephone Advertisement Offices EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS ADVERTISEMENTS 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND VOL 35 No 8 AUGUST 2006 Power For The Future A recent announcement of a wave energy project based in the South West of the UK indicates how environmentally friendly generation of electricity is now coming to the fore No doubt everyone has now seen a wind farm and this form of generation using free energy seems to be one way forward although it does of course have its atten dant problems like noise and visual pollution I expect that wave power no doubt also carries attendant problems and does seem to have been a long time in the development stage We are aware of wave power generators deployed in Hawaii and New Jersey but now with the support of the South West of England Regional Development Agency a Wave Hub is being built off the Cornish coast This will allow development systems to be plugged into a socket on the sea bed whic
90. acitor networks In order to reset the PIC device pin 4 MCLR on IC1 must be taken low logic 0 Fig 10 2 A simple PIC application based on the PIC16F84 chip ie to OV In normal operation this pin is held high i e 5 V via R5 On power up i e when the 5V supply is first connected this pin will go low until C2 has become charged The four input pin lines RBO to RB3 are pulled high by R1 to R4 respectively This arrangement produces a high logic 1 input on a particular port line when its respective input switch S1 to S4 is open When the switch is closed the correspond ing input will be taken low i e to logic 0 The PIC16F877 The PIC16F877 is a more advanced PIC device that is found in many state of the art microcontroller applications The chip operates at up to 20MHz and has an 8K 14 bit EEPROM Flash program memo ry The pin connections of the 16F877 are shown in Fig 10 3 and its internal architec ture is shown in Fig 10 4 Note that the device has five output ports Port A with six data pins Ports B C and D each with eight I O pins and Port E with three further I O pins The device can thus control a total of 33 I O lines In addition the 16F877 has a 10 bit 8 channel analogue to digital con verter and two analogue comparators with programmable on chip voltage reference programmable input multiplexing and externally accessible comparator output PIC Programming Programming a PI
91. ains 360 A4 pages in softback format Volume 2 Standard Sets for World War II pro vides information in detail of mass produced Wireless Sets such as No 18 19 22 and 38 Additionally includ ed are a number of post war sets on which development had been started during World War II Contains 722 A4 pages in hardback format with more than 200 photographs 750 line drawings and 180 data tables Temporarily out of print Volume 3 Reception Sets the receivers described span the era 1932 to the 1960s and coverage includes not only reception sets specifically designed or adapted for the British Army but also sets adopted from other arms RN and RAP special receivers direction finding receivers army broadcast reception sets Canadian and Australian army sets commercial receivers adopted by the army and army welfare reception sets Contains 546 A4 pages in hardback format with more than 230 photographs 470 line drawings and 200 data tables Volume 4 Clandestine Radio not only spy equip ment but sets used by Special Forces Partisans Resistance Stay Behind organisations Diplomatic Service Australian Coast Watchers RDF and intercept receivers bugs and radar beacons The information has been compiled through the collaboration of a vast number of collectors and enthusiasts around the world Volume 4 includes information on more than 230 sets and ancillaries Contains 692 pages in hardback forma
92. an alarm condition if you are experimenting and changing the input connection or DIP switch settings When the alarm input wiring and switch settings are in place S1 7 can then be placed in the normal off position Switch S1 7 can also be used to manually reset an alarm after it has been triggered When an alarm occurs a software flag is set within the PIC and stored in EEPROM The reason for this is to remember that an alarm occurred if there is a power outage during an alarm calling sequence When power is reapplied and an alarm call sequence has not been completed it starts the sequence again To manually reset the alarm flag switch off power place S1 7 into the on position turn on the power again and move S1 7 back to the off posi tion The alarm flag is also reset each time you enter program mode to make changes to the configuration Configuring the modem To ensure the modem you are using works properly with the Alarm Dial ler you must first configure it with the required settings To do this connect a PC running a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal to the modem using a standard serial 29 Disable RS232 data flow control lines No auto answer Alarm Dialler determines when the modem will answer a call by sending it ATA nfiguration ae oe OE ee i Option s 5 Ignore DTR lead on RS232 interface Wait 20 seconds after making or answering a call before releasing the line when a
93. arator will be below the 1 25V reference and so the output transistors can be toggled by the RS flipflop at the rate set by the oscillator Circuit details Fig 4 shows the full circuit diagram of the DC DC Converter The internal transistors of IC1 are connected as a Darlington to drive the gate of MOSFET Q1 high via diode D2 to switch it on Current then begins to flow in in ductor L1 A 0 1Q 5W resistor between pins 6 amp 7 sets the peak current deliv ered to the inductor to 0 33V 0 1Q or about 3 3A peak The average current delivered to the load via diode D2 is limited to 2A When pin 2 goes low to turn off MOSFET Q1 transistor Q2 discharges Q1 s gate capacitance for a rapid turn off This gives better efficiency than if the gate capacitance was discharged via a resistor Each time Q1 turns off the voltage at its drain rises because of the energy stored in inductor L1 Because the current can no longer flow in Q1 it is diverted by diode D1 and dumped in the two 470uF capacitors Diode D1 is a Schottky type which has a fast response to cope with the high switch ing frequencies ie 30kHz It also has a low forward voltage which reduces power dissipation and improves effi ciency The output capacitors are low ESR effective series resistance types suitable for high frequency switch mode operation Voltage regulation is provided by the feedback network from the output to pin 5 This comprises the 22kQ resistor fro
94. arm Dialler is not too long A very long cable could possibly get noise induced into it which could lead to false alarms Alternatively if using the external voltage option the normal state can be either voltage on up to 50V DC or voltage off The normal state means that this is the condition when the alarm is not active With this type of input configura tion the Alarm Dialler circuit is elec trically isolated from the alarm input by an optocoupler OPTO1 Only a few mA of current is needed to operate the optocoupler and this is achieved with around 4V on the alarm input terminals If you want to use a much higher voltage than this an external resistor should be placed in series with the input to limit the current through the optocoupler LED Note that DIP switches typically have a maximum rating of 50V DC at 100mA The alarm input options are set with DIP switches 1 6 and Table 1 shows the settings for each option Alarm reset output The Alarm Dialler provides a set of output relay contacts that operate for one second and can be used to reset the alarm or some other external device The PC board has provision to connect either the N O or N C contacts for this purpose The relay will only operate after three incoming calls have been received within 90s after an alarm has been detected or if Automatic mode is selected after all outgoing calls have been made Program menu items The program menu is pr
95. as the only active component which had not been swap tested with the working fitting I could only find one supplier who knew what a choke was and had one in stock It turned out to be made by Helvar the same as the original one It did not cure the restarting problem The only difference between the work ing 6ft fitting and the restarting one is that the working one has a choke by a different manufacturer and it also has a capacitor which I understand is for power factor correction and does not assist the function I feel that I could still have the same problem even if I bought a new fitting It is unpleasant standing in a cold attic to check it when the family is sitting down to their dinner I ve even considered an auto transformer to boost the voltage on that particular fitting but I m wary of using unconventional cir cuitry The light works fine at off peak times If anyone has a definite remedy I would be pleased to hear it David Howton via email That s a sorry state of affairs Dave and I regret I don t have an answer I sent your comments on to Mark Nelson for his interest he can t help either But by quot ing your letter here we ll see if any read er has any advice Solid State Valve Power Supply Dear EPE Some observations on your Solid State Valve Power Supply Dec 05 I welcome anything that encourages people to experiment and there is a renewed inter est in valves and difficulty getting the
96. ase is suggested for this design and any plastic type in which the assembly and battery can be mounted is suitable Holes must be drilled to suit the l e d and the switch In Use There is no on off switch used with this circuit When power is applied to the board the program goes im mediately into sleep mode in which the current consumption is negligible about 504A To switch on the l e d press switch S1 This turns on the l e d in half power mode The next press of S1 sets the l e d into full power mode If a brief or longer pause is then made the next press of S1 reduces the l e d brightness to half way The fol lowing switch press then turns off the Name and Address Resources Software for the PIC including source code can be downloaded free from the EPE Downloads site accessible via the homepage at www epemag co uk It is held in the PICs folder Download all the files within that folder Note that the comments within the ASM file are in French although the com mands are in standard MPASM dialect The hex file is also in standard MPASM format and it has configuration commands embedded in it Pre programmed PICs can be bought from Magenta Electronics contact details as in their advert in this issue References www luxeon com www luxeonstar com www microchip com www jaycarelectronics co uk l e d and the PIC then goes again into sleep mode until woken by another switch press The
97. at est PIC development platforms and soft ware tools Despite this it is usually possible to locate a modern device that is compatible with and will generally outper form one of these early devices Another important feature of modern PIC devices is the use of electrically erasable and programmable Flash memory for program storage These Flash memory devices are often denoted by the use of the letter F as part of the device coding e g PIC16F877A Note as we shall see later Flash devices are much easier to work with for one off prototyping because erasure and reprogramming is greatly simplified Choosing a PIC Device When choosing a PIC device for a par ticular project it is important to select a device that is well supported both in terms of being a member of one of the cur rent PIC families but also in relation to the programming environment that you intend to use for software development It is also important to ensure that the device incor porates all of the peripheral I O facilities that you will need These features might include Communication interfaces such as RS232 RS485 USB etc Display peripheral interfaces such as LED or LCD drivers Capture compare facilities Pulse Width Modulators PWM Counters timers Watchdog facilities Analogue to digital A D converters Analogue comparators and operational amplifiers Brown out detectors Low voltage detectors Temperatu
98. ate for smaller systems A specialised controller will be incorporated to provide temperature and timing functions of the system This type of installation offers many advantages a The water water heat pump unit is a sealed and reliable self contained unit b There are no corrosion or degradation issues with buried plastic pipes c The system will continue to provide the same output even during extremely cold spells d The installation is fairly invisible i e no tanks or outside unit to see e No regular maintenance required Some tips The efficiency of any system will be greatly improved if the heated water is kept as low as possible For this reason underfloor heating is preferred to radiators It is vital to ensure that the underfloor layout is designed to use low water temperatures i e plenty of pipe and high flow rates If radiators are to be used they must be large enough Double the normal sizing as used with a boiler is a good starting point 5Kw output ground to air heat pump 1 099 ref HP5 9kw output ground to water heat pump 1 999 ref HP9 ISSN 0262 3617 PROJECTS THEORY NEWS COMMENT POPULAR FEATURES INCORPORATING ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL VOL 35 No 8 AUGUST 2006 www epemag co uk EPE Online www epemag com Projecis and Circuits LOUDSPEAKER LEVEL METER by John Clarke 10 For home theatre and PA set up TELEPHONE DIALLER FOR BURGLAR ALARMS by Leon Williams 22 Dials
99. ay ask yourself why do we need to use a modem While it may seem an unnecessary complication it does provide an easy solution to a number of design problems First it avoids us having to connect our device directly to the telephone line as the modem provides the necessary safety isolation Second a modem provides all the functions we need to make and answer calls which greatly simplifies the Alarm Dialler hardware circuit These functions include looping the line to establish and answer calls dial ling DTMF digits ring detection tone generation and connection timers The Alarm Dialler communicates with the modem via an RS232 in terface The speed is permanently set in the PIC at 2400bps and while this is slow by today s standards it s fast enough for our needs and more importantly eases the burden on the PIC software UART 12VAC DC Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 The modem requirements are very modest and so it only needs to be a basic type More than likely you have an old modem lying around somewhere that can be put into service If you don t you can buy one secondhand or even anew one at a very reasonable price Basically all modems are AT compatible This means that they communicate with a PC using the AT command set The PC sends com mands to the modem preceded with the letters AT meaning ATtention The modem also sends messages to the PC on this interface The modem can b
100. becca The American designed Rebecca Eureka system was designed to assist the airborne supply of agents and paratroopers on the ground during World War Two The APN 2 Rebecca airborne beacon was used in connection with the ground based PPN 2 Eureka for co ordi nating parachute drop operations Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 i C a wh AJI jigi eagree Pole Ug HELL Geeege LED ai a Ga n a E as a2 oe ee SS 355 25 S23 25 ae E j INTERFACE Robert Penfold oO of the reasons that Visual BASIC is so well suited to software for PC hard ware projects is that the visual approach to programming makes it easy to produce vir tual controls meters indicators and the like In general you do not need to do any pro gramming at all in order to produce the user interface The various objects and controls in the toolbox are used to produce the readouts virtual controls labels and so on Having produced the user interface you then add the program code to make everything work The program is often remarkably short due to the fact that the screen objects have been produced without resorting to any conventional programming Also the screen objects are designed in such a fash ion that they are easily manipulated via software This is important since there is no point in producing a very neat and well laid out design that cannot be linked effec tively
101. ble power valve will eat most of this A discussion of these and other valve heater issues can be found at http ozvalveamps elands com heat ers htm My experience with crowbar polarity protection when used with battery sets is that the diode shorts before the fuse blows due to the high surge current avali able A better method with battery supply is a relay with a diode in the coil circuit so it can only energise when the power is correct This also allows the main current to be switched by a puny switch in the coil circuit Roly Roper Melbourne Australia via email Hi again Roly thanks for that which hopefully will be helpful to readers PIC16F877 Problem Dear EPE I am a hardware man now retired I have in the past only modified software in assembler or written straightforward routines in BASIC I have been having a go at the PIC programming I have TK3 V3 5 running under WIN98SE I have been working through your EPE PIC Tutorial No problems there as such except for my memory retention But I have acquired a seondhand PIC16F877 Wanting to start with a clean slate I cleared the program and EEP ROM For good measure I used the Clear CP function I must have com pletely misunderstood the caveat warning and thought that I was not in danger of locking out the PIC I was wrong I understand what the data sheets are saying about the low voltage program ming and I can modify my hardware to achieve the c
102. border in pixels Set the Border Style to Transparent if no outline is required In order to set the fill colour under pro gram control it is just a matter of using a program line that sets the FillColor para meter to the appropriate value The value is an eight digit hexadecimal number where the first two digits are zero and the next three pairs respectively control the amount of blue green and red The easy way of finding and entering the correct value is to first use the FillColor menu to set the shape to the required colour This places the appropriate value in the FillColor section of the Properties panel where it can be copied and then pasted into the Code window Colour Palette There is a useful range of preset colours in the FillColor palette but there are sixteen blank squares at the bottom of the palette where custom colours can be added Right clicking one of these squares results in the usual Windows Define Color window appear ing Fig 1 This provides a range of colours and saturation levels in the main panel The slider on the right enables the selected hue to be mixed with white or black to produce paler or darker versions Operating the Add Color button adds the newly mixed colour to the custom section of the palette This short program demonstrates how a simple indicator light can be controlled Four command buttons are needed in addi tion to the shape component and Command1 to Command 4 are respectively lab
103. carrier is not detected Use digits rather than character strings for modem responses Do not echo characters received by the modem back to the Alarm Dialler amp W Write the settings to non volatile memory cable ie not a crossover type Now type the letters AT followed by the Enter key If the modem receives and decodes this properly it will respond with the letters OK Now type AT amp F and then Enter to reset the modem to its factory default settings Once this is done type the sequence AT amp KOSO 0 amp D0S7 20VOEO amp W ex actly as shown and terminate by press ing Enter Notice that the 0 is a digit zero and not an upper case letter If the modem accepts the settings it will respond with a zero indicating that all is OK If not and this is very unlikely your modem does not rec ognise these standard commands In this case consult your modem s user manual and read the explanations in Table 2 to find and enter the commands that match your modem A modem option not shown in Table 2 but referred to throughout this article as the calling tone option Some modems will send a calling tone automatically every call while some do not have this facility Some others have the capability but require it to be enabled If you need this feature and it doesn t seem to operate you will need to check your modem and see ifit is an available option or get another modem Required Options B The time to wait online aft
104. ch switches Chris Hegter George South Africa PLEASE TAKE NOTE Magic Bulb IU July 06 Page 40 Fig 1 The lower end contact of potentiometer VR1 should be shown connected directly to the earth line OV and not to the junction of S3 and TR1 s base We apologise for this error Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 magar asma C Irc uUuits PCB DESIGN amp MANUFACTURE Prem hath tha Hotibyiar and Professions PCB POOL J ERVICING YOUR COMPL 1 EUROCARD 160 x 100 mm PCBs designed and produced from Notes Schematics Specifications Descriptions Print outs Gerbers Available With or without component assembly FW PCB PROTOTYPE With Quantity Orders Cher 18 000 Cuatemers Optional i ates o Soldermask Pies La se r o Fast turnaround sy rey Es o Silkscreen Laser Business Systems Ltd C Bus Shop e 4 Layer Multilayer i ral pd pager eal WELIPSAL C Bus i u i Te 4 0 20 8441 9788 fs T y aS Email Ai i coming soon STEED panig B We are an authorised dstributor of C Bus intelligent lighting and contra system from Clipsal Integrated Systems with an extensive range of home automation related products We also stock Barix Ethemet based MP3 communications and control products and CATSe based KATS AV transmission and IR control system Why tolerate when you can automate USS seral port relay canis
105. ck macro is used to ensure that the value of W used in ADDWF PCL F in the lookup table addressing is within the range of the table W is the zero origin address of the required byte within the table If W is within range its value on exit from the macro is the same as its value on entry If W is not within range it is set to point to the last item in the table PCLATH is constrained to point to sub page 0 of the current full page TableRangeCheck TableStart TableEnd BCF PCLATH 2 BCF PCLATH 1 BCF PCLATH O ADDLW TableStart TableEnd 1 BTFSC STATUS C MOVLW 1 ADDLW TableEnd TableStart 1 GOTO TableStart ENDM MACRO Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS Test and Measurement Solutions featured products CAN USB USB CAN Bus adapter 81 50 CAN 232 RS232 CAN Bus Adapter 61 00 Affordable CAN Bus Solutions from 61 CAN 232 CANUSB and CAN 232 are small adapters that plug into any PC USB RS232 Port respectively to give instant CAN connectivity These can be treated by software as a standard Windows COM Port Sending and receiving can be done in standard ASCII format These are high performance products for much less than competitive solutions Bronze Prize Winner NASA Tech Briefs 2004 Products of the Year 125 00 ANT16 16 channel logic analyzer probe set extra 195 00 2 channel 1MS s PC scope DS1 M1 2 signal generator amp data
106. connection to these two supplies 1 e the OV rail acts as the common rail in our circuit The input and output voltages are usually measured relative to this rail The 741 Op Amp The type 741 is an example of a typical op amp based on bipolar junction transis tors BJT The internal circuit of a 741 is shown in Fig 10 10 The input stage is a differential amplifier with Q1 and Q2 act ing as emitter followers feeding a common base amplifier stage formed by Q3 and Q4 Q5 and Q6 provide a constant current col lector supply for Q3 and Q4 respectively Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 and Q12 Q13 act as cur rent mirrors that ensure that the collector Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Fig 10 9 Supply rails for an op amp Check Point 10 2 Op amps are linear integrated circuits that can be used as versatile gain blocks within a wide variety of linear circuits currents of each pair are closely matched Q14 and QI5 form a Darlington pair that produces a very high value of current gain Unconditional stability is ensured by means of a small value internal capaci tor Cl which provides high frequency negative feedback Components Q18 R7 and R8 form a Vgg Multiplier which provides a constant base voltage supply for the complemen tary output stage Q16 NPN and Q17 PNP Finally Q19 provides a measure of protection for the output stage in the event that excessive current is demanded from it When conducting Q19 clamps 45
107. ction pre and post recording water mark date time and location markings alarm notice via FAX FTP or email Modes continuous record motion detection record sheduled record time lapse record dynamic IP can send live images to your mobile phone 109 ref RAPIDOS HEAT PUMPS A heat pump is a system that uses a refrigeration style com pressor to transfer heat from outside to inside in order to heat offices or homes Heat pumps can take heat from the air water or ground Ground source heat pumps are very efficient in fact you will get 3 4 units of heat for every unit of electricity supplied to the heat pump Basic component parts of a GSHP 1 Aheat pump packaged unit Water Water type approx the size of a small fridge containing two cold water con nections and two heated water connections 2 The heat source which is usually a closed loop of plas tic pipe containing water with glycol or common salt to pre vent the water from freezing This pipe is buried in the ground in vertical bore holes or horizontal trenches The trenches take either straight pipe or coiled Slinky pipe buried about 1 5 to 2m below the surface A large area is needed for this 3 The heat distribution system This is either underfloor heating pipes or conventional radiators of large area con nected via normal water pipes 4 Electrical input and controls The system will be require an electrical input energy single phase is perfectly ade qu
108. d the machine they had at Radio Frankfurt When he told me it was a Magnetophon the term that Germans used for all tape machines I assumed it was similar to the recorders we had been junking in Paris He raved about the musical quality of this recorder and urged me to listen to it but I thought he simply didn t have a very good ear Biggest Decision of My Life Fortune favours the prepared mind as they say and for Mullins this was one of those defining moments He continues On the way back to my unit we came to the proverbial fork in the road I could turn right and drive straight back to Paris or turn left to Frankfurt I chose to turn left It was the greatest decision of my life The radio station was then being operat ed by the Armed Forces Radio Service the people who were using it to prepare radio programs apparently were unaware of its significance In response to my request for a demonstration of their Magnetophon the sergeant spoke in German to an assistant who clicked his heels and ran off for a roll of tape When he put the tape on the machine I really flipped I couldn t tell from the sound whether it was live or play back There simply was no background noise What Mullin had discovered was the first tape recorder to use high frequency bias to eliminate hiss and he was well aware of the significance of his discovery After sending back sample machines to the USA he gave a demonstration to the Institut
109. d to understand both the theory and practice of valve audio amplifier design such that they can analyse and modify circuits and build or restore an amplifier Design principles and construction techniques are provided so readers can devise and build from scratch designs that actually work The second edition of this popular book builds on its main strength exploring and illustrating theory with practical applications Numerous new sections include output transformer problems heater regulators phase splitter analysis and component technology In addition to the numerous amplifier and preamplifier circuits three major new designs are included a low noise single ended LP stage and a pair of high voltage amplifiers for driving electrostatic transducers directly one for head phones one for loudspeakers Order code NE33 32 99 116 pages 288 pages Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 EPE PIC RESOURCES CD ROM V2 Version 2 includes the EPE PIC Tutorial V2 series of Supplements ONLY EPE April May June 2003 e 4 4 45 The CD ROM contains the following INCLUDING Tutorial related software and texts VAT and P amp P EPE PIC Tutorial V2 complete series of articles plus Or der on line from demonstration software John Becker April May June 03 www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm PIC Toolkit Mk3 TK3 hardware construction details pitcher staid coi aie 3 John Becker Oct 01 y y
110. day Practical Electronics August 2006 Versatile yp eer PIC On Screen Di splay apon SPIC 16F628 microcontro ler D 28 by 11 character screen R Fully programmable DA Text over composite video Demo software available Free liO for sensors or buttons WWW 5 LV SUA THIS SPACE COULD BE YOURS FOR JUST 40 Contact Stewart 01202 873872 stewart kearn wimborne co uk HEROS technology Ltd www herostechnology co uk Introducing Modular Concept for microcontrollers Suitable for Developers Pre production Educational and Hobby applications e WinPIC2006 USB full speed programmer e CPU microcontroller modules e Peripheral modules for all microcontrollers TRANSFORMERS Transformers and Chokes for all types of circuits including specialist valve units Custom design or standard range High and low voltage Variable Voltage Technology Ltd Unit 3 Sheat Manor Farm Chillerton Newport Isle of Wight POS0 3HP Tel 0870 243 0414 Fax 01983 721572 ecimvvi cowes freeserve co uk www vvttransformers co uk Your own complete eCommerce 24 7 site wf for only 10 per week Domain secure hosting amas shopping basket etc included details www eConcept co uk Miscellaneous JUNK BOX Buy and sell unwanted equipment components etc nothing modern www madoc eclipse co uk VALVES AND ALLIED COMPO NENTS IN STOCK Phone for free list Valves books and magazines wa
111. ded for all designs together with wiring diagrams where appropriate plus notes on construction and use The following designs are included AF Generator Capacitance Meter Test Bench Amplifier AF Frequency Meter Audio Mullivoltmeter Analogue Probe High Resistance Voltmeter CMOS Probe Transistor Tester TTL Probe The designs are suitable for both newcomers and more experienced hobbyists Order code BP248 4 49 COMPUTING COMPUTING FOR THE OLDER GENERATION Jim Gatenby Especially written for the over 50s using plain English and avoiding technical jargon Large clear type for easy reading Among the many practical and useful ideas for using your PC that are covered in this book are Choosing set ting up and understanding your computer and its main components Writing letters leaflets invitations etc and other word processing jobs Keeping track of your finances using a spreadsheet Recording details of holi days and other ideas using a database Using the Internet to find useful information and email to keep in touch with family and friends Making back up copies of your work and checking for viruses How to use Windows XP to help people with impaired vision hearing or mobility Provides the basic knowledge so you can gain enough confidence to join the local computer class Order code BP601 8 99 THE INTERNET FOR THE OLDER GENERATION Jim Gatenby Especially written for the over 50s Uses only clear and
112. dicators are E approved at design and any replacement bulbs used in these units must also be E approved The E approval for a bulb covers amongst other things the Luminance and the angle of light trans mission 270 degrees minimum when mounted The only LED replacement units I found to be given E approval are those with a cylindrical hexagonal assembly having at least two LEDs on each of the six sides and two or more on the end These give a similar light distribution to a bulb when in the reflector of the light unit Secondly although there are many similar designs on the market to those described in the project for stop tail etc I could find none with E approval making them only suitable for off road use This is because they do not have the equivalent light distrib ution and consequently when fitted the particular light unit will no longer meet E approval Thirdly and most important as was pointed out to me that if in the event of an accident the lights in question were deemed to be ineffective it could possi bly invalidate your insurance Finally if you look at the modern vehicles fitted with LED light units you will notice the design incorporates many more LEDs covering a much larg er area and the lens designed to increase the viewing angle similar to that of a bulb Alan Gladwell via email Thanks Alan Similar comments recently appeared on our Chat Zone access via Www epemag
113. ding stripboard layouts and wiring dia grams Where appropriate simple setting up procedures are described in detail no test equipment is needed The projects covered in this book include Four chan nel audio mixer Four channel stereo mixer Dynamic noise limiter DNL Automatic audio fader Video faders Video wipers Video crispener Mains power supply unit Order code BP356 5 45 109 pages THE INVENTOR OF STEREO THE LIFE AND WORKS OF ALAN DOWER BLUMLEIN Robert Charles Alexander This book is the definitive study of the life and works of one of Britains most important inventors who due to a cruel set of circumstances has all but been overlooked by history Alan Dower Blumlein led an extraordinary life in which his inventive output rate easily surpassed that of Edison but whose early death during the darkest days of World War Two led to a shroud of secrecy which has Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 covered his life and achievements ever since His 1931 Patent for a Binaural Recording System was so revolutionary that most of his contemporaries regard ed it as more than 20 years ahead of its time Even years after his death the full magnitude of its detail had not been fully utilized Among his 128 patents are the princi pal electronic circuits critical to the development of the world s first elecronic television system During his short working life Blumlein produced patent after patent breaking ent
114. drowning by electricity technique tested successfully in the laboratories of the Westinghouse Company in the USA After this he describes a certain stretch of road near Archangel in the Arctic Circle where car ignition systems fail repeatedly Altogether a complete chapter is devoted to mostly unsubstantiated reports of tactical use of electrical rays to disable motors Stories of this kind proliferated during the Second World War such as the allega tion that cars would stop mysteriously near Great Bromley radar station in Essex and then just as mysteriously start again The following story began the same way Mullin s Memoirs John Jack T Mullin an electronics expert with the American army during the war was assigned to investigate a similar assertion and writes in his memoirs In July 1945 a Lt Spickelmeyer and I were sent to Germany to look into reports that the Germans had been experimenting with high frequency energy as a means to jam airplane engines in flight Our mission was to investigate a tower atop a mountain north of Frankfurt There in an enormous basement room were two gigantic diesel engines and generators apparently designed to pump out high frequency ener gy to resonate the ignition systems of enemy planes Nothing ever came of it While we were poking around I met a British army officer who was there on the same mission 16 The subject of music and recording came up and he asked if I had hear
115. e An ideal op amp would provide zero out put voltage when OV difference is applied to its inputs In practice due to imperfect inter nal balance there may be some small voltage present at the output The voltage that must be applied differentially to the op amp input in order to make the output voltage exactly zero is known as the input offset voltage Input offset voltage may be minimized by applying relatively large amounts of negative feedback or by using the offset null facility provided by a number of op amp devices Typical values of input offset voltage range from ImV to 15mV Where AC rather than DC coupling is employed offset voltage is not normally a problem and can be happily ignored Full Power Bandwidth The full power bandwidth for an op amp is equivalent to the frequency at Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 which the maximum undistorted peak output voltage swing falls to 0 707 of its low frequency DC value the sinusoidal input voltage remaining constant Typical full power bandwidths range from 10kHz to over 1MHz for some high speed devices Slew rate Slew rate is the rate of change of output voltage with time when a rectangular step input voltage is applied The slew rate of an op amp is the rate of change of output volt age with time in response to a perfect step function input Hence AVour At Slew rate where AV pyr is the change in output volt age in volts and At is the co
116. e LED current to around 10mA Pin 8 is the relay output pin which is normally low and goes high for one second to turn on transistor Q1 When the transistor is biased on relay RLY1 operates providing the reset signal to the alarm system Pin 13 is the alarm input pin The normal state can be high or low de pending on the input switch settings Switch S1 6 tells the PIC whether the voltage on the alarm pin is the normal or the alarm state If 51 6 is off pin 12 is held high and the alarm state is when pin 13 is low If S1 6 is on pin 12 is held low and the alarm state is when pin 13 is high IC2 isa MAX232 RS232 transceiver used to interface the 5V logic signals in and out of the PIC to the 9 pin interface It only requires a 5V power supply and produces the required plus and minus RS232 voltages by an internal inverter using four external 10uF capacitors IC2 has two receiv ers and two transmitters but only one receiver and transmitter are used in this circuit On the RS232 side pin 13 is the receive data input and connects to pin 2 of the D connector while pin 7 is the transmit data output connecting to pin 3 of the D connector On the logic side pin 12 is the receive data pin and pin 10 the transmit data pin A 4N25 optocoupler IC3 is used to isolate the PIC from external voltages on the alarm input When about 3mA of current flows in the internal LED the transistor within IC3 is turned on This takes
117. e body of the virtual control knob is comprised of two circular shape components and it is quite crude but effective Visual BASIC has the ability to import bitmaps so it would presumably be possible to import a digital photograph of a real control knob if something a bit more realistic was required The listing for the virtual rotary control has a subroutine for each label and each of these subroutines operates in essentially the same fashion First a value is output to a large label In a real world application this value would be sent to an output port and then on to the project where it would select the appro priate setting A label is used here so that the user can see that the value has changed cor rectly Values from O to 4 are used in this example but any values could be used Each subroutine has two lines of code that move the red dot to the appropriate position The easy way of finding the correct co ordinates for use in the program is to position the dot correctly and then read the Top and Options Form Grid Settings W Show Grid W Show ToolTips Fig 3 The bargraph display in operation In terms of conven tional programming it requires a subroutine with just one line of active code Grid Units Twips width 120 Height woo W Align Controls to Grid Shape2 Top 1200 Shape2 Left 3840 End Sub Private Sub Label4_Click Index As Integer Label6 Caption 3 Shape2 Top 1440 Shape2 Left
118. e configured to talk to the PC using strings of letters verbose or single digits terse Sin gle digit messages are generally used when a human is not viewing the responses and this is how the modem must be configured to work with the Alarm Dialler Alarm input options The Alarm Dialler has a 2 wire con nection point and can accept either a contact or switched voltage alarm system output see Fig 1 The contact output could be from a standard relay a switch or perhaps a reed relay using either normally open N O or normally closed N C con tacts When a contact input is used the Seek ee oe Sic FT oS _ E E Main Features PIC microcontroller based Alarm input can monitor N O or N C contacts or an external voltage Alarm reset output No direct connection to the telephone line Uses a stand ard modem to make and answer calls Dial in and test if system operational Programmed easily via a PC RS232 connection Programmable retry attempts Primary and Secondary telephone number store Alarm input inhibit switch Automatic alarm reset option EEPROM stores settings in case of power outage Uses low power 12V AC or DC power supply Cheap and easy to build main board is electrically connected to the outside world For this reason it is important that the external alarm 23 of contacts do not have any voltage ap plied to them and that the cable to the Al
119. e discipline are a little counter intuitive but seem to be necessary 32 The Discipline 1 Lookup tables and Computed GOTO tables are always placed in sub page zero of the full page containing the code using them 2 Other code on each full page starts at the first sub page of the full page The rel evant addresses are ORG 0x0010 Page 0 sub page 0 ORG 0x0100_ Page 0 sub page 1 ORG 0x0800 Page 1 sub page 0 ORG 0x0900 Page 1 sub page 1 ORG 0x1000 Page 2 sub page 0 ORG 0x1100 Page 2 sub page 1 ORG 0x1800 Page 3 sub page 0 ORG 0x1900 Page 3 sub page 1 The setting for full page 0 sub page 0 assumes that most of the reset and interrupt code is located away from the relatively precious space on sub page 0 However the necessary interrupt preamble needs 16 bytes so tables cannot start before 0x0010 3 PCLATH is maintained to point to full page boundaries never to sub page boundaries 4 The only overhead allowed on the rel atively precious sub page O is the single and essential ADDWEF PCL F instruction that precedes the table 5 Range checking is always implement ed by the macro TableRangeCheck This generates eight instructions Out of range input is mapped consistently to the last byte in the table and the tables can be of any size up to 255 bytes The benefit of TableRangeCheck is so high and the cost is so low that inferior techniques such as hope for the best or range limiting using AN
120. e lighter plug or alligator clip connectors to a length of twin automotive wire and pass the other end of the lead through the grom met Terminate the wires to the input PC board terminals and wire switch S1 as shown Similarly connect a second length of automotive wire to the output terminals on the PC board and secure with a grommet Testing To test the unit first apply power from a 12V battery or DC supply and check that the LED lights If not check that the LED is oriented correctly Now measure the voltages on IC1 with a multimeter There should be about 12V between pins 4 and 6 Now connect a multimeter across the output leads and adjust VR1 The voltage range should be from 13 8 24V Note that the voltage will take several seconds to drop from a higher voltage to a lower setting since the only load is the voltage sensing resistors and these need to discharge the output capacitors Set the voltage to that required for your application If you want to charge SLA batteries set the output to 13 8V Now connect the unit to the appli ance using a suitable connector Be sure the output connector polarity is correct before running the appliance Check that MOSFET Q1 and diodes D1 amp D3 run warm rather than hot Table 2 Capacitor Codes IEC Code 100n 1n0 EIA Code 104 102 Value 100nF 0 1uF 1nF 0 001 uF Table 1 Resistor Colour Codes By Bly By By ae 38 4 Band Code 1 red red orange b
121. e line up with this or www epemag com USA prices eee eo eee cree ral or by Phone Fax Email or Post PIC based MIDI Handbells l Ring out thy bells with merry tolling plus a MIDI PIC up of NOTE The PDF files on this CD ROM are suitable to use on any PC with a course CD ROM drive They require Adobe Acrobat Reader EPE Mood PICker Oh for a good night s sleep Insomniacs rejoice your wakeful EPE PIC PROJ ECTS CD ROM nights could soon be over with this mini micro under the pillow PIC Micro Probe 31D I a1 FORM A hardware tool to help debug your PIC software PIC Video Cleaner Improving video viewing on poorly maintained TVs and VCRs PIC Graphics LCD Scope A PIC and graphics LCD signal monitor for your workshop l l l l l PIC to Printer Interface l l l l Please send me quantity EPE PIC PROJECTS VOL 1 CD ROM l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l P P E E A E A aa i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Price 14 45 each includes postage to anywhere in the world How to use dot matrix printers as data loggers with PIC microcontrollers PIC Polywhatsit A novel compendium of musical effects to delight the creative musician PIC Magick Musick l Conjure music from thin air at the mere untouching gesture of a e a a a fingertip i PIC Mini Enigma osina unun aveds eeu geen eae Post Code sstosbuwe vee Share encrypted messag
122. e of Radio Engineers which became the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in May 1946 Thirteen months later he made a similar presentation to the singer Bing Crosby who realised that this tape recorder could revolutionise broadcasting and the record ing industry Bear in mind that up to now editing had to be done on movie film soundtrack material or by recording and re recording on transcription discs Each of these methods degraded the audio quality magnetic tape recording did not More on Trade Names My article on the origin of trade names in the June issue caught the eye of reader T Scrase who sent in a few more for me to explain Your wish is my command so let s see what we can do with these for you Brush Clevite The Clevite Corporation was formed by the 1952 merg er of the Cleveland Graphite Bronze Corporation and the Brush Development Company Brush was a surname whilst Clevite was the combination of Cleveland and Graphite granic Igranic Electric used to make valves and other radio components test gear and coil winding machines but today their business is in high voltage switchgear and control panels They tell me the name is derived from the strength of iron and granite Lancashire Crypto Gryphon electric motors Lancashire Dynamo amp Crypto set up business in the late nineteenth century and was well known for its generators The word crypto is Greek for secret imply
123. e of using separate indicators is that it is possible to have a more colourful display For example with something like an audio level indicator it is possible to use green lights for low levels orange lights for high levels and red lights for overloads The main drawback is that it is a bit cumbersome espe cially when dozens of different levels must be accommodated A bargraph based on a single shape component is then a more practical way of handling things The shape component has Width and Height parameters that make it the ideal basis for a bargraph For a horizontal bar graph a fixed height is used and the width is varied The opposite scheme of things is used for a vertical bargraph with the width being fixed and the height being varied The demonstration program of Fig 3 has a horizontal bargraph that is controlled by a horizontal scrollbar set to produce values from 0 to 255 In other words it is mimic king an eight bit input port A simple scale has been added above the bargraph using lines and label components This is the code needed to make the bargraph respond to adjustments made to the scrollbar Private Sub HScroll1_Change Shape1 Width HScroll1 Value 25 End Sub This subroutine uses only one line of prop er code This sets the Shape1 Width parame ter to the new values produced when the scrollbar is adjusted However in most cases it will be necessary to multiply the raw value from the source in order
124. e private Air band Range 500m Supply PP3 battery Kit Order Code 3051KT 8 95 Assembled Order Code AS3051 14 95 Our most powerful room bug Very impressive perform ance Clear and stable out put signal thanks to the extra circuitry employed Range i 1000m 9V Supply 6 12V DC 9V PP3 battery clip supplied 70x15mm Kit Order Code 3032KT 9 95 Assembled Order Code AS3032 17 95 Attach anywhere along phone line Tune a radio into the signal and hear exactly what both parties are saying Transmits only when phone Is used Clear stable signal Powered from phone line so completely maintenance free once installed Requires no aerial wire uses phone line as antenna Suitable for any phone system worldwide Range 300m 20x45mm Kit Order Code 3016KT 7 95 Assembled Order Code AS3016 13 95 PLL based crystal locked wide band FM transmitter delivering a high quality stable 10mW output Accepts both MIC audio signal 10mV and LINE input 1v p p for example hi fi CD audio mixer like our kit 1052 or computer sound card Supply 9 15Vdc Kit Order Code 3172KT 14 95 Assembled Order Code AS31 72 32 95 Small powerful FM transmitter Audio pre amp stage and three RF stages deliver 3 watts of i RF power Use with the electret microphone supplied or any line level audio source e g CD or tape OUT mixer sound card etc Aerial can be an open di pole or Ground Plane
125. e published in the last 25 years For a very brief peri od during the early 1920 s these simple receivers played a crucial role in the expansion of domestic wireless throughout the United Kingdom For many families rich and poor the crystal set provided an introduction to the new pastime of listening in to broadcast programmes Rapidly made obsolete from homes as suddenly as it had arrived but not without leaving its mark on the history of wireless Written by a long time authority and enthusiast Tickling the Crystal is the most comprehensive work on the subject ever assembled Containing almost two hundred excellent quality photographs and a wealth of previously unpublished material it cannot fail to be an invaluable reference for any one interested in the history of early wireless receivers 256 pages hardback Order code TC1 34 00 86 pages 72 pages 50 pages Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 THEORY AND REFERENCE BEBOP TO THE BOOLEAN BOOGIE Second Edition Clive call me Max Maxfield This book gives the big picture of digital electronics This indepth highly readable up to the minute guide shows you how electronic devices work and how they re made You ll discover how transistors operate how print ed circuit boards are fabricated and what the innards of memory ICs look like You ll also gain a working knowl edge of Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Maps and understand what Reed Muller logic i
126. e spon taneity of chatting and needs some getting used to This is noticeable when you speak before the other party has finished talking and you cut across what they say cutting off their speech On a 1MB broadband service MSN Messenger did not seem quite as sprightly as Skype when compared on a like for like basis but both had some speech lag This is bound to depend on the volume of network traffic and time of day though Windows Live Messenger When it comes to downloading or upgrading Messenger Microsoft wants you to use the newest Windows Live Messenger which is just becoming available in Beta at http get live com messenger overview Windows Live Messenger shows which way the technology is heading with PC to PC Calling the ability to communicate with land lines or mobile phones interfacing with Yahoo Messenger soon and more enhancements What if you are not a Windows user If you use an AppleMac or Robert Conversation File Edit Actions Tools Help Messenger installed and ready to be enabled very possibly the obsolete Version 4 look for the mite Send File Windows Messenger icon in 3 S E 2 yp T the Programs list via the Start other operating systems then con to X sider Skype Windows Mac ea p Linux Pocket PC ICQ 5 Windows or Mac AIM AOL mon Instant Messenger Windows Mac Pocket PC some Siemens button Before you do anything check that your antivirus service
127. e temperature soldering station with a rotary di al LED Temperature metering on off switch iron holder and tip clean ing sponge This station features ac curate heat i for instant compensation amp stable tempera tures Adjustable temperature range of 150 420 C Low volt age iron with Silicone cable ose z Supply 240V Iron 24V 48W Tools Ratchet Crimping Pliers i l g Heatsink Compound High quality ratchet crimping pliers for various terminal Model 167 540 49 00 F g Heatsink Compound including Automotive Data Power and Data connections Silicone grease 3 Red Blue Yellow 15 80 BNC TNC RF series 15 08 Educational Kits RJ11 12 Data Series 22 32 These kits are an ideal way to start you interset in elec RJ45 Data Series 20 43 Label remover Isopropyl alcohol Soldering Station A 48W adustable temperature soldering station with a rotary di tronics They freature re useable components which are RJI1 12 amp 45 Series 12 64 al Digital Tempo roiure Indication i attached via springs amp wires and easy step by ste CK Tools Crimp Pliers on off switch iron holder and tip uides to make a range of exciting projects The 300 in Green Red Blue 24 38 cleaning sponge This station fea s 9 featurs a breadboard for more complex circuits Red Blue Yellow 22 88 tures accurate heat ong On 24 2 5mm cr
128. e that all polarised parts go in the right way around The Alarm Reset output has only two connections so select either the N O or N C contact depending on your application ie use one or the other but not both 50mA maximum when using a 12V DC supply Construction Fig 2 shows the assembly details Start construction by installing the parts on the PC board There are three wire links to be installed so do these first Ensure they are straight and lay flat on the PC board Follow these with S a at i a Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 the smaller components such as the resistors diodes and IC socket IC1 Next install the capacitors ensur ing that the electrolytics are installed with correct polarity The relay DIP switch and PC stakes can be installed next Follow this with the transistor crystal and ICs leaving the PIC chip till later The LED is installed with 15mm of 4 Band Code 1 brown black orange brown yellow violet red brown yellow violet brown brown orange orange brown brown brown black brown brown lead length and then bent at right an gles so that it can push out through the hole in the case front panel when the PC board is secured in place The 5V regulator REG1 runs quite cool and won t need a heatsink under normal circumstances Once the PC board is loaded you can prepare the case see the photographs as a guide Start by drilling holes in the 9 Band Code 1
129. e the flipflop which in turn drives the output transistors Inductor current is sensed at pin 7 and when this reaches its peak the flipflop and the out put transistors are switched off The time when the output transistors are switched on is determined by the comparator which monitors the output voltage When the pin 5 comparator in put exceeds the 1 25V reference which means the output voltage exceeds the required level the comparator goes low to keep the flipflop from setting This holds the transistors off 55 gt aT I 239 o PE A EST Ss J F x S08 Snot 470uF 50V LOW ESR MTP3055E G D S F xt O O N Z l J lt L1 60H WIRE ON NEOSID 17 742 22 CORE a4 Lu a a O O Z Lu E LL O N m 1k VOLTAGE VRI L ADJUST 0 10 5W 25VW 25VW LOW ESR 1000F 1000pF LOW ESR BC327 DoS N DG DG CONVERTER 13 8 24V OUT O m N a co f ro Q M l X 39 of a LLI o lt x w D O gt N O a o gt NZ Fig 4 the circuit uses IC1 to drive the gate of MOSFET Q1 via diode D2 while Q2 discharges Q1 s gate capacitance each time pin 2 of IC1 goes low Voltage regulation is provided by the feedback network connected between the output and pin 5 of IC1 ie the 22kQ amp 1 2kQ resistors amp trimpot VR1 36 Conversely if the output voltage is too low the inverting input of the comp
130. ease print clearly and check that you have the number correct UNITED KINGDOM 21 00 40 00 Theveard is valid from 235 402 To Exp date 34 2 REST OF EUROPE AIRMAIL 23 50 246 00 Maestro Issue No Card Security Code REST OF THE WORLD AIRMAIL 29 00 56 00 o E EE E J Yes I would like a sample copy for 3 75 My TVAINVCOUS ee soe o cue ecsins 6 Cots ores esos elects ergs sicgiae dicen vel Stn Guu wl aU ences ace A free issue is available for download from www radiobygones com l A My addressa AE E OR E EEI Ae E OE TATEA F E N J Yes I would like to take out a subscription for Eroe e a a a a eee eee oe ee soe e cea eens aoeee J I enclose a cheque Eurocheque PO for Post Code Zip are mea a Ra ihe ee AEn N A aN payable to Wimborne Publishing Ltd Sione da EES ATENT EN EN ene A Re EE EE NTE Nee ee J Please debit my Visa Mastercard Switch Maestro card If you do not wish to cut your issue send a letter or a copy of this form Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 69 Surfing The Internet Alan Winstanley his month s Net Work the Internet column suggests an alterna tive to Skype the hugely popular VoIP and video messaging serv ice described in previous months Skype is now owned by eBay and is unashamedly focusing on VoIP communications just around the cor ner Skype Me links could be embedded into eBay items for sale so you could talk directly with sellers MSN Me
131. ed as part of an Integrated Development Environment IDE Software is also available that can be used to simulate a PIC allowing you to check program operation on a virtual rather than a real system Finally if you plan to make regular use of PIC devices you might consider invest ing in a PIC Development System which will provide you with a breadboarding area complete with a variety of external devices such as keypads LED and LCD displays temperature sensors etc j Damia and analyss Wa probis yj Dewetosd the code 400 Te argal and wit E Comme dseemble ond iri code Fig 10 7 The PIC software develop ment cycle pe Amplifiers Op Amps Operational amplifiers op amps are analogue integrated circuits designed for linear amplification that offer near ideal characteristics very high voltage gain and input resistance coupled with low output resistance and wide bandwidth Op amps can be thought of as universal gain blocks to which external compo nents are added in order to define their function within a circuit For example by adding just two or three resistors we can produce an amplifier having a precisely defined gain Alternatively with three resistors and two capacitors we can realise a low pass filter From this you might begin to suspect that op amps are really easy to use The good news is that they are The symbol for an op amp is shown in Fig 10 8 There are several important things to note about t
132. elled RED GREEN OFF and ON Fig 2 Private Sub Command1_Click Shapel FillColor amp HFF amp End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click Shapel FillColor amp HFFOO amp End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click Shapel Visible False End Sub Private Sub Command4_Click Shapel Visible True End Sub Operating the Red and Green buttons sets the FillColor parameter at a value that pro duces the appropriate colour The Visual BASIC editor automatically removes leading zeros in the colour values so there are only two and four digits in the red and green val ues The other two buttons control the Visible Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 setting of the light and can switch it off False or on True Of course in a practical application the light would be controlled by something like one line of a digital input port The virtual light would be set at red or green depending on the level read from the port Bargraph It is not too difficult to produce virtual panel meters using Visual BASIC but for many purposes a bargraph is perfectly ade quate One way of producing a bargraph is to use a series of individual indicator lights Each light is set to one colour or the other depending on the value read from an input port with a separate line of code being used for each one Provided everything is designed correctly the individual lights work together to produce a bargraph An advantag
133. emin Synthesiser Kit 50MHZz Frequency Meter Kit i The Theremin is a weird musical instrument This compact 50MHz Frequency Meter is that was invented early last century but is invaluable for servicing and diagnostics Its still used today The Beach Boys classic hit autoranging and displays the frequency in either Good Vibrations featured a Theremin By Hz kHz or MHz Its compact 130 x 67 x moving your hand between the antenna and 44mm size features an 8 digit LCD display ss the metal plate you create strange sound high and low resolution modes and can be St effects like in those scary movies Kit powered by a 9V battery or ea includes a machined silkscreened and a 9 12VDC wall adapter m pre drilled case circuit board all e 0 1Hz resolution up to electronic components and 150Hz 1Hz resolution eS S _s Cear English maximum up to 150Hz instructions and 10Hz resolution Requires resolution above 16MHz 12VDC wall Requires 9VDC adaptor Maplin wall adaptor GSR74R Maplin GS74R 9 99 9 99 L High Performance Electronic X We stock an extensive range Projects for Cars Book of quality automotive kits Australia s leading deoi magazine Silicon Chip has developed a range of projects for performance cars There are 16 projects in total ranging from devices for remapping fuel curves to nitrous controllers The book includes all instructions components lists colour pictures and circui
134. er horizontal wiper improved video wiper negative video unit fade to grey unit black and white keyer vertical wiper audio mixer stereo headphone amplifier dynamic noise reducer automatic fader pushbut ton fader computer control interface 12 volt mains power supply r Order code PC115 5 45 124 pages 73 FAULT FINDING CIRCUITS AND DESIGN DISCOVERING PICS BOOK CDROM W D Phillips HARDWARE A good introduction to PIC pro gramming covering everything you need to know to get you started No previous knowledge of microcontrollers is required but some previous experience with electronic cir cuits is assumed Covers the basic concept of a microcon troller fundamentals of a PIC based circuit and using the MPLAB program Further chapters introduce binary PIC architecture the instruction set the PIC memory map and special registers plus real world programming Four simple projects are also fully described a Wavy Wand an Electronic Dice a Games Timer and a Pulse Monitor The associated CDROM contains the book in PDF format MPLAB plus instruction manuals in PDF format and all the programs covered in the book as assembler ASM files Those that wish to program their own PICs will require a PIC programmer In addition a p c b based hardware kit is also available that makes up into the Wavy Wand which will spell out a short message via a line of l e d s when waved through the air 190 pages A4 spiral bound
135. er making or answering a call is determined by the value in the modem S7 register You may find that some modems actually wait longer then the pro grammed 20 seconds and you may not be able to make three calls within 90 seconds If you find the wait is too long then you will need to experiment with the value programmed into the S7 register Final testing To fully check the Alarm Dialler functions programmable settings and modem operation you need to make real telephone calls However while call charges are relatively inexpensive you probably don t want to make a lot of calls until you know everything is working OK We get around this problem by checking most of the Alarm Dialler functions without making any real calls The way we do this is to simu late the actions of the modem using the PC First to make life as easy as possi ble for testing purposes set the alarm input up for N O contacts as shown in Table 1 That way you can later simu late an alarm condition just by shorting the two alarm input terminals Now for the test procedure Start by programming the Alarm Dialler with Automatic mode set to Yes That done program the Primary and Sec ondary numbers to relevant telephone numbers the Use secondary option to Yes and the Retries to 2 Once programming is finished leave the PC connected using the serial crossover cable You will notice that after you exit programming mode the letters AT ap
136. es Where to find soft synths on the Web If you want to take your synthesiser of the hardware or software variety past the presets and program your own sounds and effects this practical and well illustrated book tells you what you need to know 60 pages Order code PC118 7 45 QUICK GUIDE TO MP3 AND DIGITAL MUSIC lan Waugh MP3 files the latest digital music format have taken the music industry by storm What are they Where do you get them How do you use them Why have they thrown record companies into a panic Will they make music easier to buy And cheaper Is this the future of music All these questions and more are answered in this concise and practical book which explains everything you need to know about MP3s in a simple and easy to understand manner It explains How to play MP3s on your computer How to use MP3s with handheld MP3 players Where to find MP3s on the Web How MP3s work How to tune into Internet radio stations How to create your own MP3s How to record your own CDs from MP3 files Other digital audio music formats Order code PC119 7 45 60 pages ELECTRONIC PROJECTS FOR VIDEO ENTHUSIASTS R A Penfold This book provides a number of practical designs for video accessories that will help you get the best results from your camcorder and VCR All the projects use inexpensive components that are readily available and they are easy to construct Full construction details are provided inclu
137. es of the ECU and be warned if a catastrophic high load lean out occurs This Smart Mixture Display moni 6 000 000 Semiconductors tors your car s oxygen sensor and airflow meter outputs 5 000 Power Supplies and gives an audible warning if mixtures go dangerously 25 000 Electric Motors lean 10 000 Connectors 100 000 Relays amp Contactors HUMAN POWERED LED TORCHES E A Rican E E epee eg a 4000 Items of Test Equipment j i l l the handle is enough to give a quite amazing output 5000 Hard Disk Drives SEPTEMBER 06 ISSUE ON SALE AUG 10 Display Electronics Teleph 29 38 Osbome Road 44 020 8653 3333 ADVERTISERS INDEX Surrey UK CR7 8PD Fax 44 020 8653 8888 AUDON ELECTRONICS BETA LAYOUT Rechargeable Batteries With Solder Tags BREADBOARDING SYSTEMS BULL GROUP NIMH NICAD AA 2000mAh 2 82 AA 650mAh DISPLAY ELECTRONICS ake C 2 5Ah l EASYDAQ D 4Ah i EASYSYNC eae ESR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS Instrument case with edge connector and screw terminals FUTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES l JAYCAR ELECTRONICS Size 112mm x 52mm x 105mm tall JPG ELECTRONICS This box consists of a cream base with a PCB slot a cover plate to pro LABCENTER tect your circuit a black lid with a 12 way edge connector and 12 screw terminals built in 8mm pitch and 2 screws to hold the lid on The cream MAGENTA ELECTRONICS bases have minor marks from dust and handling price 2 00 VAT 2 35 for a sample or 44 00 VAT 51 70 for a box of 44
138. es with your friends true spymaster entertainment PIC Virus Zapper Can disease be cured electronically Investigate this controversial subject for yourself PIC Controlled Intruder Alarm A sophisticated multi zone intruder detection system that offers a C I enclose cheque P O bank draft to the value of L Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro variety of monitoring facilities Card NO cesas araail a eae eae a a EE a ea nae eRe PIC Big Digit Display Control the giant ex British Rail platform clock 7 segment digits Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under that are now available on the surplus market the signature strip PIC Freezer Alarm Start Date Expiry Date Maestro Issue No PIC World Clock Graphically displays world map calendar clock and global time zone data PICAXE Projects A 3 part series using PICAXE devices PIC microcontrollers that do not need specialist knowledge or programming equipment PIC based Tuning Fork and Metronome Thrill everyone by at long last getting your instrument properly tuned Versatile PIC Flasher An attractive display to enhance your Christmas decorations or your child s ceiling SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterl
139. ficient to be recognised by the second gate GATE 1 3 3V GATE 2 5V INCOMPATIBLE ONE IHmax ViHmin ACCEPTABLE INPUT RANGE GATE 2 ILmin VOLTAGE RANGE OF VALID LOGIC LEVELS Fig 4 Example of incompatible circuits a high voltage gate drives a lower volt age gate Logic 0O is ok but the logic 1 output voltage is too high and may even damage the second gate Fig 3 and Fig 4 illustrate typical situa tions when logic gates operating on differ ent voltages are connected together In most cases at least one logic level will be fundamentally incompatible There may also be range or logic margin problems with the other level Applying an input voltage more than about 0 3V volts above the supply voltage or below ground will cause many devices to stop working or even suffer damage Datasheets will pro vide the exact details of what input volt ages can be tolerated Sometimes it is possible to connect a lower voltage logic output directly to one operating on a higher supply This is illus trated in Fig 5 When connecting gates of the same technology and supply voltage together we generally only have to worry about load ing The voltages ranges should automati cally be compatible However for any technology there will be a limit to the num ber of inputs a gate s output can drive cor rectly Loading effects will be relatively easy to assess for a single technology with details readily available in datasheets
140. finding but finds books on the subject too mathematical or specialised The fundamental principles of analogue and digital fault finding are described although of course there is no such thing as a digital fault all faults are by nature analogue This book is written entirely for a fault finder using only the basic fault finding equipment a digital multimeter and an oscilloscope The treatment is non mathematical apart from Ohm s law and all jargon is strictly avoided Order code NE22 25 99 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER USER S HANDBOOK R A Penfold The first part of this book covers standard operational amplifer based building blocks integrator precision rectifier function generator amplifiers etc and consid ers the ways in which modern devices can be used to give superior performance in each one The second part describes a number of practical circuits that exploit mod ern operational amplifiers such as high slew rate ultra low noise and low input offset devices The projects include Low noise tape preamplifier low noise RIAA pre amplifier audio power amplifiers d c power controllers opto isolator audio link audio millivolt meter temperature monitor low distortion audio signalgenerator simple video fader and many more Order code BP335 5 45 272 pages 96 pages 274 pages 120 pages BOOK ORDERING DETAILS All prices include UK postage For postage to Europe air and the rest of the
141. from the phone lines through an audio trans former The numbers are displayed ona 16 character single line display as they are received Up to 32 numbers can be displayed by scrolling the display left and right There is also a serial output for sending the detected tones to a PC via the serial port The unit will not detect numbers dialled using pulse dial ling Circuit is microcontroller based Supply 9 12V DC Order Code PSU445 Main PCB Sox95mm Kit Order Code 3153KT 20 95 Assembled Order Code AS3153 29 95 This versatile PIC based LED or filament bulb flasher can be used to flash from 1 to 176 wm EDS The user arranges the LEDs in any pattern they wish The kit comes with 8 super bright red LEDs and 8 green LEDs Based on the Versatile PIC Flasher EPE Magazine Dec 02 See website for full details Board Supply 9 12Vdc LED supply 9 45Vdc depending on number of LED used PCB 43x54mm Kit Order Code 3169KT 11 95 FM Bugs amp Transmitters Our extensive range goes from discreet surveillance bugs to powerful FM broadcast transmitters Here are a few examples All can be received on a standard FM radio and have adjustable transmitting frequency Our best selling bug Good performance Just 25x15mm Sold to detective agencies worldwide Small enough to hide just about anywhere Operates atthe less busy top end of the commercial FM waveband and also up into the mor
142. genuity Unlimited Net Work The Internet Page JULY 05 PROJECTS e Cybervox LF and VLF Converter Multi Clap Switch e Doorchime Electronic Dice FEATURES e Discovering PICs Reviewed Back To Basics 4 Practically Speaking Circuit Surgery Interface e Net Work The Internet Page ELECTRONICS IUN APE ME i TE E TRONICS Bab icm fa PROJECTS e Motor Amplifier Pain Monitor Audio System Communications Kitchen Timer Room Thermometer FEATURES e Back To Basics 5 Circuit Surgery e Interface Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk e PIC N Mix NetWork The Internet Page SEPT 05 PROJECTS e All Band Radio Snooker and Darts Scoreboard Multicore Cable Tester Controlling Model Railway Signals e Daily Reminder Whistle Switch FEATURES e Back To Logic Basics 6 Circuit Surgery Practically Speaking Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk PIC N Mix e Net Work The Internet Page 0 09 A PROJECTS e Haloween Howler e PIC Based USB Interface Photic Phone Telephone Switch e Parking Radar FEATURES e Introducing the Virtual DIY Calculator Ingenuity Unlimited e Back To Basics 7 Circuit Surgery Techno Talk PIC N Mix Interface NetWork The Internet Page NOV 05 Photocopies onl PROJECTS e Speed Camera Watch Mk2 e PIC Chromatone Multi Function R C Switch e Noughts and Crosses Enigma Weather Vane Repeater FEATURES e Teach In 2006
143. h allows the user more flexi bility in connecting blocks and can be updated via the web with new blocks Finally the only key item the review missed is that eChip is fully multi task ing and it can operate more than one vir tual circuit at once so long as you don t exceed the 13 cell limit normally to cre ate a PIC solution that can do that is quite a complex task for many users eChip has quite a large and growing user base in schools as it is used in GCSE Electronics for teaching and pro ject work the eChip website is starting to publish these and other projects along with links to supporting materials which EPE readers might like to browse for ideas or to get a better feel for the system On a personal note as an EPE reader started in 1972 as a pupil and now as a teacher ve always found EPE an invaluable resource and it s pleasure to contribute to the magazine it also gains plenty of street cred with my pupils Brian Smith www echip org uk Thank you Brian we are pleased to publicise the amendments and to wish you well with your pupils Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 VB 2005 Express Dear EPE In a recent EPE I found that Robert Penfold s Interface was covering PC Interfacing Software As the article was on the VB 2005 Express edition I would have expected it to cover using the new serial port control now supplied with this edition After reading the article I was left fee
144. h will provide a connection to the national grid A number of different wave energy generators from various companies will be deployed in an area about 10 miles out to sea to undergo long term testing and further development Initially three companies have been chosen as partners each with radical ly different devices from huge floating articulated tubes to buoys and floating platforms similar to offshore oil rigs How much energy can be supplied in this way is yet to be determined but a report by the Carbon Trust suggests that power from the sea both wave and tidal systems could provide up to 20 per cent of the UK s electricity needs However major investment is required and the Wave Hub is at least a step in the right direction Most modern electronic devices need relatively small amounts of power however with sO many now in use the overall requirement is growing daily Nuclear power is one obvi ous answer but if we can find alternative means of generation even if it is for only part of the requirement then so much the better I guess power from the sea is perhaps one of the most environmentally friendly solutions presently available AVAILABILITY Copies of EPE are available on subscription anywhere in the world see opposite from all UK newsagents distributed by SEYMOUR and from the following electronic component retail ers Omni Electronics and Yebo Electronics S Africa EPE can also be purchased from retail magazi
145. here except Australia and Papua New Guinea which cost 10 50 Normally sent within seven days but please allow 28 days for delivery more for overseas Payment in sterling only please Visa Amex Diners Club Maestro and MasterCard accepted Send fax or phone your card number card expiry date and card security code the last 3 digits on or just under the sig nature strip with your name address etc Or order on our secure server via our UK web site Overseas cus tomers your credit card will be charged by the card provider in your local currency at the existing exchange rate Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email stewart kearn wimborne co uk Editor MIKE KENWARD Consulting Editors DAVID BARRINGTON JOHN BECKER Business Manager DAVID J LEAVER Subscriptions MARILYN GOLDBERG General Manager FAY KEARN Editorial Admin 01202 873872 Advertising Manager STEWART KEARN 01202 873872 On Line Editor ALAN WINSTANLEY EPE Online Internet version Editors CLIVE MAX MAXFIELD and ALVIN BROWN READERS TECHNICAL ENQUIRIES E mail techdept epemag wimborne co uk We are unable to offer any advice on the use purchase repair or modification of commercial equipment or the incorporation or modification of designs published in the magazine We regret that we cannot provide data or answer queries on articles or projects that are more than five years old Letter
146. his The device has two inputs and one output and no common con nection Furthermore we often do not show the supply connections it is often clearer to leave them out of the circuit altogether In Fig 10 8 one of the inputs is marked and the other is marked These polarity markings have nothing to do with the supply connections they indicate the overall phase shift between each input and the output The sign indicates zero phase shift whilst the sign indicates 180 phase shift Since 180 phase shift produces an inverted turned upside down waveform the input is often referred to as the inverting input Similarly the input is known as the non inverting input Most but not all op amps require a symmetrical supply typically 5V to m with IDE PIC programmer a Using a conventional PIC programmer b Using a flash devi Target system with USB e in the target system Fig 10 6 The PIC development process a using a conventional PIC programmer and b using a PIC Flash device in the target system Oulpul Fig 10 8 Symbol for an op amp 15V This allows the output voltage to swing both positive above OV and nega tive below OV Fig 10 9 shows how the supply connections would appear if we decided to include them Note that we usually have two separate supplies a pos itive supply and an equal but opposite negative supply The common
147. ialler when you start HyperTerminal while Fig 4b above shows the menu that appears in the HyperTerminal window when the Alarm Dialler is in programming mode Restore Defaults 28 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 crossover data cable with a couple of 9 pin female D connectors and three pieces of hook up wire Or you can buy one if you prefer Once connected place S1 8 into the on position and apply power to the Alarm Dialler Now move S1 8 to the off position the LED should turn on and the menu appear on the PC screen The menu is easy to understand and navigate and the items will be self explanatory Simply select the desired option by pressing the character in brackets for that option and remem ber to use upper case characters see Fig 4b Programming options are stored in the EEPROM as they are entered and there is no need to do a separate save action If an out of range or illegal entry is made an error message is dis played and the menu refreshed Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 ZL PE WEDE TEA ILAND Ter aps i 1 l i l l i 1 To exit the programming mode place S1 8 into the on position again and then back to the off position Once this is done successfully a goodbye message will appear on the screen Alarm inhibit To inhibit alarm detection at any time move S1 7 to the on position This could be used to avoid the Alarm Dialler immediately sensing
148. iances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers EPE Online its publishers and agents disclaim any responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of reader constructed projects based on or from information published in these materials and works In no event shall TechBites Interactive Inc or Wimborne Publishing Ltd be responsible or liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages including but not limited to special incidental consequential or any other damages in connection with or arising out of furnishing performance or use of these materials and works NEW ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION KITS This 30 in 1 electronic kit includes an introduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used to make a variety of experiments including Timers and Burglar Alarms Requires 3 x AA batteries 15 00 ref BET1803 AM FM Radio This kit enables you to learn about electronics and also put this knowledge into practice so you can see and hear the effects Includes manual with explanations about the com ponents and the electronic principles Req s 3 x AA batts 13 ref BET1801 This 40 in 1 electronic kit includes an introduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used in making basic digi tal logic circuits then pro gresses to using Integrated circuits to make and test a variety of digital circuits including Fl
149. ically Speaking Circuit Surgery Techno Talk PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page DEC 05 APR 06 PROJECTS e A Programmable Continuity Tester Omni Pendulum PortaPAL Public Address Amplifier Part 2 Smart Slave Flash Trigger FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 6 Consumer Electronics Show E Chip Review Techno Talk PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page MAY 06 PROJECTS e LED Lighting For Your Car Smart Card Reader and Programmer Nail Sniffer and Volts Hound Digital Reaction Timer FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 7 Practically Speaking elngenuity Unlimited Circuit Surgery Techo Talk PIC N Mix Net Work The Internet Page ii wil i Ers n nite OLG Hi Bier ui te iL a paip a p nani hiii gt tin JUN 06 PROJECTS e Poor Man s Metal Locator e Widgy Box Distortion Effects For Your Guitar Phone Ring amp Test Digital Instrument Display For Cars Part 1 FEATURES e Interface Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited Techno Talk PIC N Mix Teach In 2006 Part 8 Net Work The Internet Page JUL 06 PROJECTS e PIC Sudoku Unit A Dirt Cheap High Current Bench Supply PC Power Monitor e Digital Instrument Display For Cars Part 2 FEATURES e Teach In 2006 Part 9 Ingenuity Unlimited Practically Speaking Circuit Surgery Techno Talk PIC N MIX Net Work
150. imps 26 01 instant compensation amp stable 0 5 6 0mm crimps 26 01 Non insulated crimps 24 38 Cable Ribbon 7 0 127mm Grey ribbon cable on a 0 05 1 27mm plich with a red aming stripe Supplied by 305mm 1ft or on full 30 5m 100ft reels Size per 305mm per Reel 0 10 5 36 temperatures cusses tem perature range of 150 480 C ow voltage iron with Silicone cable Supply 240V Iron 24V 48W Model 167 570 64 40 Digital Multimeter ftir 4 W 14 7 50 Model 121 120 riS ETEN Price 11 47 A highly featured digital multitester for professional use Offers 30 ranges and 8 functions including temper ature capacitance diode continuity and hFE measure ment Large 3 5 digit LCD display with automatic po 60 Way 0 64 33 92 IDC Crimp tool 11 80 CAT 5e Networking larity indicator Supplied UTP Cable with shrouded test leads K i Panel Meters Conforms to CAT5E type temperature probe and High quality analogue panel meters class 2 zero point 100MHz standard shock proof rubber holster i correction mirror scale and prewired for panel illumi ETA verified TIA EIA 568 B 2 Technical Specifications nation Malet size 46 x 60mm Cutout size 38mm ange 305m B 25 54 ng ygjoge OOmV 1000V Al meer RR coer 100m Reel 13 33 AC volts 2V 700V 0 8 gt v ompelen e e DC current 2mA 20A 1 2
151. industry sectors Mike Maynard Director of Tech Event Guide explained Although Event Diaries are already available they typi cally focus primarily on major events and rarely include company specific events PLAY EVEN SMARTER Bluedelta Designs have built on their award winning hassle free Smart SCART a user friendly Fit amp forget AV SCART Router with the launch of their advanced Smart SCART This nifty little gismo contains a raft of useful features including inbuilt signal amplifiers and an internal record loop What s more its intelligent switching function is fully auto matic with no remotes or buttons to press The Smart SCART enables users to make the most of their in home audio visual entertainment systems by allowing the con nection of up to eight devices to the TV screen at once even if they only have one SCART connector on their TV Up to six video devices can be plugged in Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 through the RGB enabled SCART connectors at the same time as it allows a further two composite video s video sources that s a total of eight video inputs all into one SCART output Additionally there is an audio line in The smart technology inside the Smart SCART will decide which device has been selected to display on screen at any given time This works on a priority base input 2 overrides input 1 input 3 overrides input 2 etc and any inputs that do no
152. ing 70 of homes have digital already Which of course means only that 70 have some form of digital TV reception in at least one room So spin is already in the air Lead Free Solder Database ELFNET the European Lead Free Soldering Network has collaborated with COST 531 to deliver a much needed data base of physical and mechanical properties for the new Tin Silver Copper SnAgCu lead free solder alloys This data is key to modelling behaviour of lead free solder joints that from July 2006 are at the heart of most electrical and electronic equip ment in Europe ELFNET has been bringing together communities of research and industry experts to prioritise lead free technology implementation issues and develop collab orative solutions comments Dr Jeremy Pearce ELFNET Co ordinator This database represents a key achievement in exploiting expertise in the academic research community to the direct benefit of the electronics industry Some such databases do already exist although some are closed to public access COST 531 is a network of over 60 Universities across Europe coordinated by University of Vienna Austria This resource has special expertise in metallur gical research and had already begun to generate data on lead free solder alloys The SnAgCu alloy family was selected as the first priority based on its use as the pre dominant lead free solder in the industry The data is output as a user friend
153. ing cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order l l l l l l l l l l l l l l How to prevent your food from defrosting unexpectedly l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i Send a copy of this form or order by letter if you do not wish to cut your issue BECOME A PIC PROJECT BUILDER WITH THE HELP OF EPE Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 59 Build a brighter torch with variable intensity and flashlight options By Gerard Samblancat N spite of their higher price white l e d s are increasingly being used in lighting applications There are many ad vantages to using them such as longevity output solidity compactness etc A majority of commercial l e d based lamps now use white high luminosity l e d s and the re cently introduced super power l e d family is increasingly finding favour It is one of the latter that is used here the Lumileds Luxeon Star O This l e d can deliver a luminous power equivalent 0 SHOUT an OOOM aL CLEA a MEI O0G to 20 white high intensity 5mm l e d s Its integrated optics TIME HOURS allow the production of a very narrow beam Luxeon L E D s The Luxeon family includes the world s most powerful l e d s available with up to 120 lumens in white light for the 5W model Sev eral powers are available from 1W to 5W including white blue and red With glass optics rather than epoxy which degrades
154. ing everything else the same Simulate an alarm as before and check that the letters ATDT followed by the digits for the Primary number are seen on the screen Wait around 20 seconds and simu late an incoming call comprised of two bursts ofring When the Alarm Dialler is in alarm mode it will only answer an incoming call after it has received two ring bursts After the second burst the Alarm Dialler should respond by displaying ATA on the screen in structing the modem to go online and answer the call Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 X gt nK A 2 lt a a Fig 7 this is the full size etching pattern for the PC board Wait 20 seconds and simulate a sec ond incoming call in the same way If the second call is detected the letters ATA should appear again indicating that the Alarm Dialler is answering the second call Finally wait another 20 seconds and simulate a third incoming call The Alarm Dialler should send ATA as before however this time the relay will operate and the LED will start flash ing This is because three calls within 90 seconds have been registered in response to an alarm call If all these off line checks perform correctly you can be assured that the Alarm Dialler is working properly If you want you can test other features such as the failed call state changing the number of retries and using the Primary number only and so on When you are satisfied that eve
155. ing the CD4050 Two Way Conversions The situation we have discussed so far the connection of one logic output to one logic input 1s relatively straightforward but we also have to deal with situations such as data buses where information flows in both directions between the two subsystems on different supplies Here special interface Cs are particularly use ful The 74LVC4245A is an octal dual sup ply translating transceiver IC from Philips Semiconductors It has non inverting 3 state bus compatible outputs in both send and receive directions Fig 12 shows an internal schematic of the device and Fig 13 shows its pinout The 74LVC4245A is designed to inter face between a 3V and 5V bus in a mixed 3V and 5V supply environment It has two power supplies Vccp for the 3V system which actually has a range of 1 5V to 3 6V and Vcca for the 5V system which has a range of 1 5V to 5 5V The_74LVC4245A has an output enable input OE so that the two buses may be isolated and a send receive input DIR for controlling Fig 12 The 74LVC4245A _ internal schematic Source Philips datasheet the direction of data flow between the two buses The device could be used for a sin gle direction interface by fixing the DIR pin at the appropriate level For further reading on logic interfacing consult the Philips Application note AN240 www semiconductors philips com acrobat_download application notes AN240 pdf which discusse
156. into a wide variety of electronic applications and both deserve a special mention in our Teach In series PIC Microcontrollers Last month we introduced the notion of the microcontroller as a device that can form the basis of a stand alone or embed ded electronic application that can per form a variety of programmed functions A PIC is just such a microcontroller device and it provides a flexible low cost solution to bridge the gap between single chip com puters and the use of large numbers of discrete logic and other chips PIC micro controllers are being increasingly used in self contained applications involving logic timing and simple analogue to digi tal and digital to analogue conversion PIC microcontrollers first became popu lar more than a decade ago Since then the range and power of these devices has increased dramatically Nowadays a PIC device exists for almost any embedded application from small 6 pin devices ideal for simple control applications through to powerful high speed devices packed with diverse I O input output features and large amounts of program memory PICs are based on RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer architecture and as a consequence they use a relatively small number of instructions In fact some PIC chips have as few as 33 instructions com pared with some general purpose micro processors such as the Z80 that we met last month that may have several hundred Because it i
157. ip Flops and Counters Req s 4 x AA batteries 17 ref BET1804 The 75 in 1 electronic kit includes an nintroduction to electrical and electronic technology It provides conponents that can be used to make and test a wide variety of experi ments including Water Sensors Logic Circuits and Oscillators The kit then progresses to the use of an intergrated circuit to produce digital voice and sound recording experiments such as Morning Call and Burglar Alarm Requires 3 x AA batteries 20 ref BET1806 SOLAR PANELS We stock a range of solar photovoltaic panels These are polycrystalline panels made from wafers of silicon lami nated between an impact resistant transparent cover and an EVA rear mounting plate They are constructed with a lightweight anodised aluminium frame which is predrilled for linking to other frames roof mounting structure and contain waterproof electrical terminal box on the rear 5 watt panel 29 ref 5wnav 20 watt panel 99 ref 20wnav 60 watt panel 249 ref GOwnav Suitable regulator for up to 60 watt panel 20 ref REGNAV EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS 20 tube shown These top of the range solar panel heat collectors are suitable for heating domestic hot water swimming pools etc even in the winter One unit is ade quate for an average household 3 4people and it is modular so you can add more if required A single panel is sufficient for a 200 litre cylinder but you can fit 2 or
158. irely new ground in electronic and audio engineering During the Second World War Alan Blumlein was deeply engaged in the very secret work of radar development and contributed enormously to the system eventually to become H25 blind bombing radar Tragically during an experi mental H2S flight in June 1942 the Halifax bomber in which Blumlein and several colleagues were flying crashed and all aboard were killed He was just days short of his thirty ninth birthday Order code NE32 17 99 420 pages VIDEO PROJECTS FOR THE ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR R A Penfold Written by highly respected author R A Penfold this book contains a collection of electronic projects specially designed for video enthusiasts All the projects can be simply constructed and most are suitable for the new comer to project construction as they are assembled on stripboard There are faders wipers and effects units which will add sparkle and originality to your video recordings an audio mixer and noise reducer to enhance your sound tracks and a basic computer control interface Also there s a useful selection on basic video production techniques to get you started Complete with explanations of how the circuit works shop ping lists of components advice on construction and guid ance on setting up and using the projects this invaluable book will save you a small fortune Circuits include video enhancer improved video enhancer video fad
159. is to control the current delivered to the l e d D1 keeping it to a maximum of 350mA for a supply voltage of up to 3 42V This is done by using pulse width modulation PWM of the power switching transistor TR1 This allows the l e d to be controlled without using a current limiting resis tor while also compensating for the supply voltage falling as the battery discharges over time In full power mode the pulse width ratio is controlled at about 50 for a supply voltage of 4 5V reaching 95 with 3V To do this the PIC has to constantly determine the battery s supply voltage This task is complicated by the PIC itself being subject to that same supply voltage Consequently a Zener diode D2 is used to provide a 2 7V reference to the PIC s internal comparator via the GP1 pin From this reference the PIC s internal programmable voltage reference option then allows Vgq to be estimated in respect of the value held by the VRCON register The four least significant bits of the VRCON register are inversely proportional to the supply voltage The software uses this information to control the l e d s intensity Measurement of the supply voltage is done every 0 7 seconds The soft ware varies the internal programmable voltage reference until the internal comparator s output level changes state The value of VRCON is then inversely proportional to V gq 3V gt 15 5V gt 8 etc Table SETVDDMES allows the correct val
160. it includes all hardware components amp 3 motor gearboxes Uses 4 AA batteries not supplied KIT 912 29 99 KIT 913 38 95 5017 2u Bult EPE PIC Toolkit 3 As in EPE Apr May Jun 03 and on PIC Resources CD Kit with CD Rom amp Serial Lead e Magenta Designed Toolkit 3 board with printed com ponent layout green solder mask places for 8 18 28 wide and slim and 40 pin PICs and many Magenta extras Also runs with WinPic800 prog Software e 16 x 2 LCD PIC chip all parts and sockets included e Follow John Becker s excellent PIC tutorial 2 series KIT 880 34 99 Chin KIT 880 39 99 Chin OR Built amp Tested 49 99 amp 55 99 EPE TEACH IN 2004 COMPLETE 12 PART Additional Parts as SERIES FROM NOVO03 listed in misc Sec All parts to follow this tion less RF modules Educational Electronics ock and Motor g box Course Inc Bread KIT921 12 99 board and wire as listed on p752 Nov 03 Reprints 1 00 per part KIT920 29 99 BAT DETECTORS Magenta s Super Heterodyne Bat detectors Our best selling kit 861 now includes a drilled case and front panel label The MklIlb and digital MkIII are supplied built amp ready to go KIT 861 37 99 reas Tas for all 3 5 99 Mklib 49 95 Mdkill 89 95 All Prices Include VAT Add 3 00 P amp P per order or 7 99 for next day Chqs P O amp Most major cards accepted See our Website for ma
161. just below the signature strip Please continue on separate sheet of paper if necessary 74 A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO CMOS DIGITAL ICs R A Penfold Getting started with logic circuits can be difficult since many of the fundamental concepts of digital design tend to seem rather abstract and remote from obviously useful applica tions This book covers the basic theory of digital electronics and the use of CMOS integrated circuits but does not lose sight of the fact that digital electronics has numerous real world applications The topics covered in this book include the basic concepts of logic circuits the functions of gates invert ers and other logic building blocks CMOS logic i c characteristics and their advantages in practical circuit design oscillators and monostables timers flip flops binary dividers and binary counters decade counters and display drivers Order code BP333 5 45 AUDIO AMPS BUILDING VALVE AMPLIFIERS Morgan Jones The practical guide to building modifying fault finding and repairing valve amplifiers A hands on approach to valve electronics classic and modern with a minimum of theory Planning fault finding and testing are each illustrated by step by step examples A unique hands on guide for anyone working with valve tube in USA audio equipment as an electronics exper imenter audiophile or audio engineer Particular attention has been paid to answering question
162. l circuit is shown in Fig 3 The electret microphone is powered via a 22kQ resistor from a decoupled supply connecting to the 9V supply rail The decoupling comprises the 10kQ resistor and 470uF capacitor and is required to prevent the supply rail changes which occur when different LEDs light up from being injected back into this amplifier The decoupled supply also applies a bias voltage to pin 3 of op amp IC1 via 100kQ and 330kQ resistors Signal from the microphone is coupled into IC1 via a 1uF capacitor Parts List 1 PC board code 577 available from the EPE PCB Service 123 x 59mm 1 plastic utility case 130 x 68 x 43mm 1 electret microphone insert 1 SPDT toggle switch S1 1 knob to suit 1 50kQ 16mm log potentiometer VR1 1 50kQ horizontal trimpot VR2 1 9V battery 1 9V U shaped battery holder 1 9V battery clip lead 1 M3 x 6mm screw 1 M3 nut 11 PC stakes 1 50mm length of single core shielded screened audio cable Semiconductors 1 TL071 LF351 op amp IC1 1 TLO72 LF352 dual op amp IC2 1 LM3914 dot bar display driver IC3 12 116V 1W Zener diode ZD1 2 1N4148 or 1N914 diodes D1 D2 1 1N5819 Schottky diode D3 5 5mm green LEDs LEDs1 5 5 5mm red LEDs LEDs 6 10 Capacitors 2 470uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 100uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 47uF 16V PC electrolytic 3 1uF 16V PC electrolytic 1 1uF NP electrolytic 1 100nF 0 1uF MKT polyester 1 56nF 0 0056uF MKT polyester 1 100pF ce
163. lay RLY1 1 18 pin IC socket 2 10mm x 3mm screws and nuts 4 small self tapping screws Light duty hook up wire tinned copper wire Semiconductors 1 PIC16F84 IC1 programmed with ALARM HEX 1 MAX232 RS232 transceiver IC2 1 4N25 optocoupler IC3 1 BC337 NPN transistor Q1 6 1N4004 power diodes D1 D6 1 7805 positive 5V regulator REG1 1 5mm green LED LED1 Capacitors 1 470uF 25V PC electrolytic 5 10uF 16V PC electrolytic 2 100nF 0 1uF MKT polyester 2 22pF ceramic Resistors 0 5W 1 4 10kQ 1 3309 2 4 7kKQ 1 100Q 2 470Q Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au When you receive an alarm call you will hear the modem calling tone and you must wait for the modem to time out and go off line before call ing back Circuit description The full circuit for the Alarm Di aller is shown in Fig 1 As you can see there s not a lot to the hardware because as mentioned before the line interfacing functions are handled by the modem The microcontroller used is a PIC16F84 IC1 which does all the hard work It has 1K of ROM which 26 is just about all used in this project 68 bytes of user RAM and 64 bytes of non volatile EEPROM The EEPROM holds the configuration settings in case of power failure Pin 14 is the power supply pin while ground OV is connected to pin 5 The reset input pin 4 is held per manently high via a 100Q resistor and thi
164. layouts are included on the CD ROM ee CIRCUITS amp COMPONENTS V2 0 Circuit simulation screen Provides an introduction to the principles and application of the most common types of electronic components and shows how they are used to form complete circuits The virtual laboratories worked examples and pre designed circuits allow students to learn experiment and check their understanding Version 2 has been considerably expanded in almost every area following a review of major syllabuses GCSE GNVQ A level and HNC It also contains both European and American circuit symbols Sections include Fundamentals units amp multiples electricity electric circuits alternating circuits Passive Components resistors capacitors inductors transformers Semiconductors diodes transistors op amps logic gates Passive Circuits Active Circuits The Parts Gallery will help students to recognise common electronic components and their corresponding symbols in circuit diagrams Included in the Institutional Versions are multiple choice questions exam style questions fault finding virtual laboratories and investigations worksheets ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS Complimentary output stage DIGITAL ELECTRONICS V2 0 Filter synthesis Analogue Electronics is a complete learning resource for this most difficult branch of electronics The CD ROM includes a host of virtual laboratories animations diagrams photographs and text as well as a
165. les PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 1 Signed and Unsigned Binary Numbers By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown PhyzzyB COMPUTERS BONUS ARTICLE 2 Creating an Event Counter By Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown INTERGRAPH COMPUTER SYSTEMS 3D GRAPHICS A chapter from Intergraph s book that explains computer graphics technology FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE by Barry Fox Russian rockets launching American Satellites PC ENGINES by Ernest Flint The evolution of Intel s microprocessors THE END TO ALL DISEASE by Aubrey Scoon The original work of Rife COLLECTING AND RESTORING VINTAGE RADIOS by Paul Stenning THE LIFE amp WORKS OF KONRAD ZUSE a brilliant pioneer in the evolution of computers A bonus article on his life and work written by his eldest son including many previously unpublished photographs Note Some of the EXTRA ARTICLES require WinZip to unzip them the signature strip Valid From e as eases Expiry Date Maestro Issue NO I I I l l l I I I SEND TO Everyday Practical Electronics I Wimborne Publishing Ltd i 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND I I l l l I I I l Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail orders epemag wimborne co uk Payments must be by card or in Sterling cheque or bank draft drawn on a UK bank Normally supplied within seven days of receipt of order Everyday Practical Electronics August
166. lid From assas Expiry Date within four working days of L Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip receipt of yaur order Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 65 WIN AN ATLAS LCR ANALYSER WORTH 79 An Atlas LCR Passive Component READOUT Email john becker wimborne co uk wohn Becker addresses some of the general points readers have raised Have you anything interesting to say Drop us a line All letters quoted here have previously been replied to directly Analyser kindly donated by Peak Electronic Design Ltd will be awarded to the author of the Letter Of The Month each month The Atlas LCR automatically measures inductance from 1uH to 10H capacitance from 1pF to 10 000uF and resistance from 1Q to 2MQ with a basic accuracy of 1 www peakelec co uk LETTER OF THE MONTH Extreme Electronics The reference to Mysterious Lights in Mark Nelson s Techno Talk of May 06 was most interesting I have witnessed both phenomena Firstly my under standing of the will of the wisp is that whilst it is marsh gas methane that actually burns thus causing a light to be seen methane is not itself self combust ing but it is hydrogen phosphide which is also present with the methane and this is self combusting in air and ignites the methane From my limited experience I get the impression that this phenomenon is not seen consistently in a par
167. ling extremely dissapointed con sidering that it does state that VB 2005 Express is a new version and that the arti cle is all about how to cobble together an old routine Inpout32 dll into it It briefly mentions near the end there is a potentially useful serial port compo nent but that s it How about actually looking into using this component as it was designed for Express edition rather than doing a cut and shut bodge Or if there are issues with the new command making it diffi cult to use then at least make us aware of them and why it should not be used Bobby Garrett via email Robert replied I think we need to get things in con text I did an Interface article on the free beta version of VB 2005 Express Edition some time ago and it provoked quite a lot of feedback from readers In particular there were suggestions about ways of using it with existing EPE pro jects and pout32 dll I did not go any further with VB 2005 Express Edition at that time since it was only a beta version After one or two false starts the final version was finally made available and I did the offending Interface article This incorporated the lessons learned by myself and others when using the beta version and demonstrated that it was sort of possible to use it as a free alternative to VB6 I would expect this program to be popular with EPE readers and feel that the article was well worthwhile There was insufficient
168. lity and content of each Supplement CD ROM will be sent to you Presentation CD ROM suitable for any modern PC Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader which is included on the CD ROM Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 por 2mm iii PLEASE send me TSA E THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL CD ROM _ ELECTRONICS SERVICE MANUAL CD ROM ordering both together PLEASE PRINT u O O O g m _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Maestro 7S bi a enclose payment of 29 95 for one Manual or 49 90 for both Manuals saving 10 by PULL NAME sa0cc3e0en ie did eee e a a ae sei ewes Reais a ADDRESS 6 iccvdendn we tense nes aE EEEE a h dew ee wed eee e eed ase xe SIGNATURE 6 ii wens ee ieee Oe eee bedaa ee eee a ee a eee _ I enclose cheque PO in UK pounds payable to Wimborne Publishing Ltd ORDER FORM Simply complete and return the order form with your payment to the following address Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Price includes postage to anywhere in the World We will happily exchange any faulty CD ROMs but since the content can be printed out we do not offer a refund on these items Your CD ROM s will be posted to you by first class Card INO sivsdeteeeeure desea veeussebeedete ger aks Switch Maestro Issue No g M n mail or airmail normally Va
169. ls We ll start by looking at what we mean by logic levels In simple terms it is what voltage is associated with a logic 1 and a logic 0 but we have to be a bit more pre cise than that when considering how we actually represent 1 and O in a real life electronic circuit We could use two volt ages say 5V for logic 1 and OV for logic 0 but this is arbitrary It could be 2V for 0 and 2V for 1 or OV for 1 and 5V for 0 In general if the more positive voltage is used for logic 1 we refer to this as positive logic and if the more negative voltage is used for logic 1 we have negative logic We can also build logic circuits using currents to represent Is and Os Most ICs that you are likely to encounter will use voltage signals and positive logic If we select 5V for logic 1 and OV for logic O then what does 4 9V mean In real cir cuits we have to define a range of voltages that represent a valid logic level say OV to 2V for 0 and 3V to 5V for 1 We need to do this because we cannot build circuits which handle precisely fixed voltages under varying conditions of loading tem perature and factors affecting manufacture particularly as they must be as small and as fast as possible 52 Surgery Logic Level Conversion In general logic gates will accept a given range of inputs as 1 or O and are guaranteed to produce a smaller range of possible output voltages closer to the ideal voltage This means that each gate tends t
170. ly downloadable PDF file with data present ed clearly with diagrams tables and detailed references The first version of the new database was launched at the SEMI CON Europa 2006 exhibition in Munich in April 2006 and can be accessed for free on the ELFNET website www european leadfree net A second version will expand the range of the database to include SnAg and SnCu alloys Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 IMPROVED ESR METER Peak Electronic Design Limited have announced that their Atlas ESR has under gone a major performance improvement a real boost for repair engineers and techni cians The Atlas ESR which measures both capacitance and ESR equivalent series resistance can now cope with double the dynamic range of ESR now 20 ohms instead of 10 ohms This has been achieved by implementing enhanced hardware and new software without sacrificing accuracy or analysis speed In fact accuracy has been improved Just connect the Atlas ESR any way round to your capacitor even in circuit and press test The unit will automatically power up measure capacitance up to 22 000uF and ESR to a resolution of 0 01Q As before the Atlas ESR can even cope with highly charged capacitors thanks to its automatic controlled discharge func tion and self protection feature Measurements are made at the industry standard 100kHz using low signal levels to ensure polarity independence and compata bility with sensitive ci
171. m the output and the 1 2kQ resistor and series 1kQ trimpot VR1 connect ing to ground The output voltage is maintained when the voltage at pin 5 voltage is equal to the internal refer ence of 1 25V So for example if VR1 is set to 0Q the output will be 24V since when this is divided down by the resistors ie 1 2kQ 1 2kQ 22kQ or divided by 19 33 the voltage at pin 5 is 1 25V Similarly if VR1 is set to 1kQ the divider now will be 1 2kQ 1kQ 22kQO 1 2kQ 1kQ or divided by 11 and so the output will be 13 75V when pin 5 is at 1 25V Power for the circuit comes in via a 3A fuse and diode D3 a Schottky power diode included for reverse Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 polarity protection Supply filtering is provided by two 1000uF 25V low ESR capacitors while further transient voltage protection is provided by the 16V Zener diode ZD1 There is a secondary reason to in clude diode D3 and this is to ensure that SLA batteries are not overcharged when the car battery voltage goes as high as 14 4V Since this is a step up voltage circuit it cannot normally de liver less than the input voltage since the MOSFET is permanently off if this situation is called for When this Fig 5 install the parts on the PC board as shown here taking care to ensure that all polarised parts are correctly oriented The text has the winding details for inductor L1 happens there is a direct current path via induct
172. minerals are held in a matrix of other material with varying density and varying over burden so getting an impulse in that which was predictable enough to get something out would be horribly difficult but there is some work being done to detect earthquakes and there is some evidence that when quakes occur there are pre cursors caused by the piezo effect that are mea surable or at least detectable There s loads of stuff on the web but it s light on real data Detectors are easy enough to build they re just wide band LF noise amplifiers Research links LF ELF signals to pressure on the rocks and noise in the bottom end of the spectrum It still seems to be an area where no one really knows what s going on so ripe for investigation There s even speculation that some rocks give off infra red Given that there are about 200 quakes a year in the UK and tens of thousands of EPE readers if we can persuade 10 of them to build simple broadband LF receivers and publish the results we could actually push knowledge forward There are some other effects that are associated with the phenomena one is called the Taos Hum and there are suggestions that it causes ball lightning in some places too that lead to UFO reports following leads to the hum will find them Matthew might also care to browse www copernicus org EGS nhess 1 n h1 99 pdf www censsis neu edu documents Qu akeData em html www stanford edu dep
173. mm0 3 08 Many other sizes available also jump wires amp matrix board 160 x 233mm Double 2 30 220 x 233mm Double 2 90 8 x 12 Double Bubble etch Tank with heater Photoresist Coated amp bubble pump 1 6mm 35 micron Pre coated with a high quality photo Model 333 004 208 48 Any of these items carriage 5 50 resist layer Available in low cost paper composite or Glass fibre Single amp Double sided Other sizes also PCB Production Tools available Drill Bits Glass Fibre HSS parallel shank bits available in sizes from 0 3mm to Omm 0 3 0 95mm in 0 05mm steps 0 60ea 4 00 10 1 0 2 0mm in 0 1mm steps 0 40ea 3 60 10 aa HSS Reduced shank 2 35mm bit available in sizes from 10 08 0 6mm to 1 7mm in 0 lmm steps 0 84ea 7 60 10 Reground Tungsten carbide reduced shank available in sizes from 0 6 to 1 6mm in 0 1mm steps PCB Production Drafting Materials A4 Artwork Film perl oe eets Clear Manual Film Clear Laser Film _ Sla White HQ Laser Film 4 62 Etch Resist Pens Dalo Pen _ 2 98 eleel a Fine Pen 0 88 Etch Resist Transfers Seno mixed DIL pads 2 24 P Seno mixed Rnd pads 2 24 bt lt Alfac mixed pads 1 84 7 Transfer Spatular 1 25 ggeeeegee We carry the full range of Seno amp Alfac PCB transfers see our catalogue for full details TE f Drilling Machines z Expo Reliant 12V drill 3 8mm capacity 8400rpm 12 78 PCB Production
174. mmed chip PCB Case all parts and 8 x 256k FEPROMS KIT 877 49 95 SUPER PIC PROGRAMMER Magenta s original parallel port programmer Runs with downloaded WINDOWS 95 XP software Use standard Microchip HEX files Read Prog Verify wide range of 18 28 and 40 pin PICs Including 16F84 876 877 627 8 Inc A versions 16xx OTPs KIT 862 29 99 Power Supply 3 99 ICEBREAKER DOODDDODODDDUOO PIC Real Time In Circuit Emulator With serial lead amp software disk PCB Breadboard PIC16F877 LCD all components and patch leads e Featured in EPE Mar 00 KIT 900 34 99 Ideal for beginners amp PSU 3 99 experienced users Win dows 95 to XP Soft ware included ICEbreaker uses PIC16F877 in circuit debugger functions Fax 01283 546932 20W Stereo Amp EPE May 05 Magenta Stereo Mono Module Wide band Low distortion 11W channel Stereo 20W Mono True rms Real Power Short Circuit amp Overheat Protect ed Needs 8 to 18V supply Latest Technology Stable Reliable high performance IC with local feedback KIT 914 11 90 includes all parts amp heatsink for stereo or mono Magenta BrainiBorg A super walking programmable robot with eyes that sense obstacles and daylight BrainiBorg comes with PC software CD WIN95 amp XP with illustrated con struction details and can be programmed to walk and respond to light and obstacles on any smooth surface K
175. mperature sensor all of which are supplied e All I O lines available for off board expansion e Wide range of optional add on boards available including ADC DAC EEPROM Compact Flash MMC SD Keypad RTC RS 485 CAN and IrDA Further add ons available soon e Powered from your PC s USB port or optional mains adapter e Supplied with example programs written in assembly language BASIC C and Pascal e Supplied with Microchip Technology s MPLAB development software and demonstration versions of MikroElektronika s mikroBASIC mikroC and mikroPascal compilers Learn about microcontrollers with our EasyPIC3 Learning Pack just 129 We ve taken everything included in the EasyPIC3 Starter Pack and added our own easy to follow tutorial to form a complete and self contained Learning Pack all that you need to learn about and experiment with microcontrol lers With this pack you will quickly become proficient in microcontroller programming and interfacing Please see our website for full list of covered topics Make programming easy too with mikroBASIC mikroC and mikroPascal Three incredibly easy to use yet powerful compilers for PIC microcontrollers each featuring a user friendly code editor built in tools and routines and source level debugger Supplied libraries facilitate rapid development and include ADC CAN Compact Flash EEPROM Ethernet Graphic LCD I C LCD 1 wire PWM RS 485 sound SPI USART USB routines and
176. n The unit is housed in a plastic zippy box measuring 130 x 68 x 43mm and can be plugged into your car s cigarette lighter socket The output can be set to the desired level by adjusting a trimpot Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 BASIC STEPUP CIRCUIT Fig 1 the basic operating principle of the DC DC converter When S1 is closed current flows through L1 which then stores energy in the magnetic flux produced by the inductor When S1 opens the energy stored in the inductor is dumped via diode D1 to capacitor C1 and the load Fig 2 right block diagram of the Motorola MC34063 DC DC converter IC Performance The performance of the DC DC Converter is shown in the graph of Fig 3 The output current ranges from a maximum of 2A at 15 7V dropping to 1 1A at 24V while still maintaining full regulation Mind you if you want to draw this level of current continu ously you would need to improve the heat dissipation of the circuit We ll come back to this point later Output ripple and noise is quite low nominally 50mV peak to peak when delivering 1A Load regulation is better than 98 from no load to full load How it works Fig 1 shows the basic operating principle of the DC DC Converter It incorporates an inductor a diode a switch and a capacitor When switch S1 is closed current 11 flows through the inductor L1 and S1 which then stores energy in the magnetic flux pro duced by the
177. n next page Hobbyist Student Flowcode V2 Hobbyist Student Institutional Schools HE FE Industry Flowcode Professional Institutional Professional 10 user Network Licence Site Licence 45 inc VAT 57 inc VAT 99 plus VAT 99 plus VAT 300 plus VAT 599 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 57 TEACH IN 2000 LEARN ELECTRONICS WITH EPE EPE s own Teach In CD ROM contains the full 12 part Teach In 2000 series by John Becker in PDF form plus the Teach In interactive software Win 95 98 ME and above covering all aspects of the series We have also added Alan Winstanley s highly acclaimed Basic Soldering Guide which is fully illustrated and which also includes Desoldering The Teach In series covers Colour Codes and Resistors Capacitors Potentiometers Sensor Resistors Ohm s Law Diodes and L E D s Waveforms Frequency and Time Logic Gates Binary and Hex Logic Op amps Comparators Mixers Audio and Sensor Amplifiers Transistors Transformers and Rectifiers Voltage Regulation Integration Differentiation 7 segment Displays L C D s Digital to Analogue Each part has an associated practical section and the series includes a simple PC interface Win 95 98 ME ONLY so you can use your PC as a basic oscilloscope with the various circuits A hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try o
178. ncoming call is not detected or less than three are counted during the 90 second period the next outgoing call is attempted unless all the retries have been completed Primary number This is a 19 digit store to hold the telephone number of the first number dialled after an alarm is detected Secondary number This is a 19 dig it store to hold the telephone number of the second number dialled after all the Primary number retries have been completed Use secondary If this option is set to Yes the Secondary number will be dialled after the Primary number is finished If set to No the Primary number is the only one dialled and the Secondary number is ignored While this option is valid in Automatic mode in general it will only be set to Yes in Non Automatic mode In this case ifa response to the Primary number calls is not received the Secondary number will then be dialled Retries This is the number of retry attempts allowed for each telephone number The range is 1 9 Full details of how to program the Alarm Dialler are covered later in this article Remote status checks The Alarm Dialler incorporates ex tra features that allow you to remotely check its status If everything is normal and there are no alarms the front panel LED will flash and incoming calls will be ig nored However if there are three sepa rate incoming calls within 90 seconds the first two calls will be ignored but the third call will be an
179. nd noise makers as well as a section on 556 558 and 559 timers Note No construction details are given A reference book of invaluable use to all those who have any interest in electronics be they profession al engineers or designers students or hobbyists Order code BP44 5 49 POWER SUPPLY PROJECTS R A Penfold This book offers a number of power supply designs including simple unstabilised types and variable voltage stabilised designs the latter being primarily intended for use as bench power supplies for the electronics work shop The designs provided are all low voltage types for semiconductor circuits The information in this book should also help the reader to design his own power supplies Includes cassette PSU Ni Cad charger volt age step up circuit and a simple inverter 91 pages Order code BP76 5 49 HOW TO USE OSCILLOSCOPES AND OTHER TEST EQUIPMENT R A Penfold This book explains the basic function of an oscilloscope gives a detailed explanation of all the standard controls and provides advice on buying A separate chapter deals with using an oscilloscope for fault finding on linear and logic circuits plenty of example waveforms help to illustrate the control functions and the effects of variouus fault conditions The function and use of vari ous other pieces of test equipment are also covered including signal generators logic probes logic pulsers and crystal calibrators Order code BP267 5 49
180. nd reset feature is only available in non Automatic mode Receiving an alarm call If the Alarm Dialler is programmed for Automatic mode it will simply call K POWER CONNECTOR D1 D4 1N4004 a x 10uF TO 2400BPS MODEM 7 TxD 5 3 GND 4 5 the Primary and Secondary numbers depending on the values set for Use secondary and Retries It is not pos sible to call the Alarm Dialler during this process and cancel the calls For this reason it s probably a good idea to keep the Retries number low and only use the Secondary number option if really necessary Each time you an swer the call the modem calling tone will be heard for 20 seconds and then the call will be terminated In non Automatic mode it is pos sible to reset the alarm without having to wait for all the calls to be dialled During the 45 second wait period between outgoing calls the Alarm Dialler monitors the modem for a ring message Note however that because the modem is online for 20 seconds after the call is made there is only effectively 25 seconds for you to call the Alarm Dialler before the next call is made 23 Parts List 1 PC board code 579 available from the EPE PCB Service 115 x 99mm 1 plastic case 140mm x 110mm x 35mm 10 PC board stakes 1 8 way DIP switch S1 1 4MHz crystal X1 1 DC panel mount socket 1 9 pin male D connector with locking nuts 1 4 way speaker connector 112V SPDT re
181. ndheld FLUKE 77 Series 2 32 digit Handheld FLUKE 8060A 4 2 digit True RMS Handheld BECKMAN HD110 3 digit Handheld in Carry Case TTI 1905A 5 digit Bench SOLARTRON 7045 4 digit Bench AVO DA116 3 2 digit with Batteries amp Leads AVO 8 MK6 in Ever Ready Case with Leads etc AVO 8 Mk5 with Leads etc RACAL 9301A True RMS RF Millivoltmeter RACAL 9300 True RMS Millivoltmeter 5Hz 20MHz usable to 6OMHz RACAL 9300B as 9300 GOODWILL GVT427 Dual Chan AC Millivoltmeter 10mV in 12 ranges 10Hz 1MHz Unused KENWOOD VT176 Dual Chan Millivoltmeter FARNELL XA35 2T 0 35V 0 2A Twice Digital FARNELL LT30 2 0 30V 0 2A Twice FARNELL B30 20 30V 20A Variable No Meters FARNELL B30 10 30V 10A Variable No Meters FARNELL LT30 1 0 30V 0 1A Twice FARNELL L30 2 0 30V 0 24 FARNELL L30 1 0 30V 0 14 FARNELL E350 0 350V 0 200mA FARNELL D30 2T 0 30V 0 2A Twice Digital THURLBY PL330 0 32V 0 3A Digital Kenwood badged THURLBY TS3021S 0 30V 0 2A LCD THURLBY PL320 0 30V 0 2A Digital TAKASAGO GMO35 3 0 35V 0 3A 2 Meters TAKASAGO TM035 2 0 35V 0 2A 2 Meters ISOLATING TRANSFORMER Yellow 500VA with 13Amp Socket Used Equipment GUARANTEED Manuals supplied This is aVERY SMALL SAMPLE OF STOCK SAE or Telephone for lists Please check availability before ordering CARRIAGE all units 16 VAT to be added to Total of Goods and Carriage Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 EPE PROJECT PICs Programmed PICs for EPE Projects 12
182. ndy little Loudspeaker Level Meter It has its own in built microphone and a 10 LED bargraph display to let you quickly set all channels to the same relative level And you can use it to set up the levels in a PA system as well By JOHN CLARKE OU MIGHT THINK itis a straight forward matter to set up the levels in your home theatre system but depending on your room layout and the physical positioning of the various speakers it can be surpris ingly tricky This is especially the case when you are trying to get an overall good balance at a number of listening positions Without the correct balance the surround effect will not be the best it can be Balance between the centre speaker and the left and right channels is critical since they present the front sound scape And as is often the case 10 in many home theatre systems if the centre loudspeaker is too dominant it will detract from the imaging With the Loudspeaker Level meter you can set up the levels accurately and quickly It is just a small box with a 10 LED bargraph display on the front Controls include the power switch and a level adjustment On the base is a small electret microphone for monitoring the sound level from the loudspeaker In use each loudspeaker is driven with a noise signal in turn and the Loudspeaker Level Meter is placed at the listening position and aimed at the speaker The LED bargraph meter level adjustment is set so that it
183. ne outlets around the world An Internet on line version can be purchased and downloaded for just 15 99US approx 9 50 per year available from www epemag com DIRT CHEAP AVIa SY fon POWER SUPPLY fil fiha SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions for delivery direct to any address in the UK 6 months 17 50 12 months 33 two years 61 Overseas 6 months 20 50 standard air service or 29 50 express airmail 12 months 39 standard air ser vice or 57 express airmail 24 months 73 standard air service or 109 express airmail To subscribe from the USA or Canada see page 64 Online subscriptions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 15 99US approx 9 50 for one year available from www epemag com Cheques or bank drafts in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics and sent to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at http www epemag wimborne co uk Subscriptions start with the next available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club Maestro or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page BINDERS Binders to hold one volume 12 issues are available from the above address These are finished in blue p v c printed with the magazine logo in gold on the spine Price 7 95 plus 3 50 p amp p for overseas readers the postage is 6 00 to everyw
184. nics August 2006 STORE YOUR BACK ISSUES ON CD ROMS VEHICLE FROST BOX ng Icy road warni EPE Cuwire Che tack issues for Eick uRoMATO CHROM Y ound Colau ams ee E smmm DA A great way to buy EPE Back Issues our CD ROMs contain back issues from our EPE Online website plus bonus articles all the rele vant PIC software and web links Note no free gifts are included All this for just 14 45 each including postage and packing VOL 1 BACK ISSUES January 1999 to June 1999 Order on line from Plus some bonus material from Nov and Dec 1998 www epemag wimborne co uk VOL 2 BACK ISSUES July 1999 to December 1999 shopdoor htm VOL 3 BACK ISSUES January 2000 to June 2000 abides eat ed a a VOL 4 BACK ISSUES July 2000 to December 2000 PY Phone Fax E mail or Post VOL 5 BACK ISSUES January 2001 to June 2001 emma a VOL 6 BACK ISSUES July 2001 to December 2001 BACK ISSUES CD ROM ORDER FORM i VOL 7 BACK ISSUES January 2002 to June 2002 l I VOL 8 BACK ISSUES July 2002 to December 2002 z Please send me the following Back Issue CD ROMs Volume a VOL 9 BACK ISSUES January 2003 to June 2003 f NIG ES cette tre inn bee ae Beas A ERN VOL 10 BACK ISSUES July 2003 to December 2003 s i VOL 11 BACK ISSUES January 2004 to June 2004 eee eee eee eee i VOL 12 BACK ISSUES July 2004 to December 2004 z eee ee ee S E re er eT VOL 13 BACK ISSUES January 2005 to June 20
185. nk chip auto detect for super fast bulk programming Optional ZIF socket Assembled Order Code AS3117 24 95 Assembled with ZIF socket Order Code AS3117ZIF 39 95 Uses serial port and any standard terminal comms program 4 LED s display the status ZIF sockets not included Supply 16Vdc Kit Order Code 3123KT 24 95 Assembled Order Code AS3123 34 95 Go from complete beginner to burning a PIC and writing code in no time Includes 49 page step by step PDF Tutorial Manual Program ming Hardware with LED test section Win 3 11 XP Programming Software Program Read Verify amp Erase and 1rewritable PIC16F84A that you can use with different code 4 detailed examples pro vided for you to learn from PC parallel port Kit Order Code 3081KT 14 95 Assembled Order Code AS3081 24 95 08717 Credit Card SEX The ABC Maxi is ideal for developing new designs Open architecture built around an ATMEL AVR AT90S8535 microcontroller All circuits are embedded within the package and additional add on expansion modules are available to assist you with project development Features 8 Kb of In System Programmable Flash 1000 write erase cycles e 512 bytes internal SRAM e 512 bytes EEPROM e 8 analogue inputs range 0 SV e 4 Opto isolated Inputs I Os are bi directional with internal pull up resistors e Output buffers can sink 20mA current direct LED drive e 4x 12A open drain MO
186. ns are shown in Table 10 3 Finally all of the amplifier circuits described previously have used direct coupling and thus have frequency response characteristics that extend to DC This of course is undesirable for many applications particularly where a wanted AC signal may be superimposed on an unwanted DC voltage level In such cases a capacitor of appropriate value may be inserted in series with the input as shown in Fig 10 14 The value of this capacitor should be chosen so that its reactance is very much smaller than the input resistance at the lower applied input frequency We can also use a capacitor to restrict the upper frequency response of an amplifier This time the capacitor is connected as part of the feedback path Indeed by selecting appropriate values of capacitor the frequency ON LINE QUIZ Next month sees the end of the Teach In 2006 series after which we shall be choosing the winner of our ON LINE QUIZ Have you been giving yourself the chance to win by entering the quiz 47 response of an inverting op amp may be very easily tailored to suit individual requirements The lower cut off frequency is deter mined by the value of the input capaci tance Cl and input resistance R1 The lower cut off frequency is given by 1 0 159 2nC1R1 CIRI where C1 is in Farads and R1 is in ohms Provided the upper frequency response it not limited by the gain x bandwidth product the upper cut off fre
187. nted Geoff Davies Radio tel 01788 574774 LPG ELECTRONICS For Photoelectric controls timers electronic components and other interesting miscellaneous items visit our eBay store http stores ebay co uk electricalspares WANTED OLD HALF INCH FERRITE RODS Must be half inch in diameter and be six inches long or more will pay good money for the rods Contact Peter Tankard on 0114 2316321 between 9am and 10pm WWW EDEITIag Get your magazine instantly anywhere in the world buy and download from the web TAKE A LOOK A FREE ISSUE IS AVAILABLE A one year subscription 12 issues costs just 15 99 US 19 Europe s Largest S EVERYDAY PRACTICAL Su rpl us Sto re E ELECTRONICS 20 000 000 Items on line NOW New items added dail NEKT MONTH Established for over 25 years UK company A LOW COST 50MHz FREQUENCY METER Display Electronics prides itself on offering a Featuring a 16 character LCD readout this compact massive range of electronic and associated 50MHz Frequency Meter can be either battery operated or electro mechanical equipment and parts to run from a DC plugpack supply It s very accurate and includes auto ranging and two different resolution modes the Hobbyist Educational and Industrial si user Many current and obsolete hard to get A SMART MIXTURE DISPLAY FOR YOUR CAR parts are available from our vast stocks Track your car s fuel mixture in real time see the operating which include mod
188. ntrol such as a variable capacitor in a radio circuit to be sited well away from its knob In the old days spindle extensions and panel mounted support bushes were standard items Now you d be pushed to find them and they re expensive if available At less than 50p from say Rapid a cheap commercial potentiometer can yield both an extension and a bush if the back is prised off and discarded I don t believe in waste but haven t found a use for the redundant back section yet Spindle couplers are also hard to find but some suppliers offer a range of simi lar devices including with 6mm diame ter through hole Rapid 43 1062 intended for radio controlled models Another thought is that Farnell sell tommy bar T34 which is 1 4 inch dia part 04 6712 at a mere 52p VAT plated steel and a generous 153mm long intended for turning box spanners would make a stronger spindle extension Godfrey Manning G4GLM Edgware Middx via email Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 The leading magazine for vintage radio enthusiasts AprilbWay Stee februaf Mareh E a9 laane No SOG i i S 4 74 ISHN athe r paN ahaa ATAA 6 and m Trophy 6 A o Scott a The Pet a Trophy 8 Receivers Achieving A Century Tho A AJP Fado eee garabia Pale orient Pore z Now Also Available to BUY ONLINE www radiobygones com Log on pay by credit card and download the
189. nts If everything looks OK remove the power wait a few seconds and insert the programmed PIC chip into the 18 pin socket Apply power again and after a short period you should see the LED flash briefly and then repeat after a few seconds delay Each time the LED flashes it is sending AT to the modem and looking for an OK 0 response This is done each time the Alarm Dialler powers up and is used to ensure that the modem is connected and the interface is operating at the correct speed before normal alarm monitoring commences Alarm Dialler programming Turn off the power to the Alarm Dialler and connect a PC running a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal using a serial cross over cable The PC needs to be set to 2400bps 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit with flow control off Fig4a Note that the Alarm Dialler s RS232 interface is similar to the one on your PC and to get them to talk to each other you need to cross the data lines over This means that the transmit data pin of the Alarm Dialler goes to the receive data pin of the PC and vice versa Fig 3 shows how to make a simple Ajutomatic mode No P rimary number 02712739456 8 Siecondary number U se Secondary No RJetries 2 Select Fany Hone ha Stop bite 1 Connected 0 04 33 Auiodatect 2400 8N SCROLL CAPS NUM Capt z Fig 4a left shows how to set up the PC s COM port to communicate with the Alarm D
190. ny more kits prod ucts amp Secure On Line ordering Mail Order Only PLE tRONTC Sab Tp 135 Hunter Street Burton on Trent Staffs DE14 2ST UK email sales magenta2000 co uk PCB Production Laminates Copper clad paper Single sided low cost paper composite board 100 x 160mm Board 0 44 100 x 220mm Board 160 x 233mm Board ane Sue Board x ar Copper c ad glass fibre Single amp Double 1 6mm 305g m 100 x 160mm Si 0 85 PCB Production Development 0 1 Copper Stripboard Size Tracks Holes 25 x 64mm JT 25r 64 x 95mm DAN ort 36T 50H 3617 170K 39T 38H 3917 OH 119 x 455mm 46T 7 179H Stripboard track cutter PCB Production Processing Equipment We carry a large range of the photographic amp chemical rocessing equipment for PCB production a full list with ull technical specifications is available in our catalogue or vist our web site UV Exposure units 2 x 8W Tubes 6 min timer 229 x 159mm working area Model 332 002 98 75 4 x 15W Tubes 7 min timer 330 x 260mm working area Model 332 004 209 48 Chemical Processing Low cost plastic tray 1 80 Process tanks feature electrically operated pumps and or heaters with thermostat control suitable for boards upto 320 x 260mm Universal Tank with heater Model 333 007 169 58 Solderless Breadboard Tie Points amp Size Power Raile 4 03 640 175x42
191. o 10cm cable length DBS conne 10 50 10cm version plastic c bag ym FTDI web site baud to 230k baud Lm available to special request only Matt finish nic z i sculpted white enclosure acked in an anti stat Wide range of drivers downloadable frc Communication rates from 300 LOcm cable length Supplied loose Volume Discounts Available FD FTDI Chip Prices shown exclude shipping amp VAT Over 50 different USB Interface products in stock at www ftdichip com shop htm EPE IS PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO OFFER YOU THESE ELECTRONICS CD ELECTRONICS PROJECTS Logic Probe testing Electronic Projects is split into two main sections Building Electronic Projects contains comprehensive information about the components tools and techniques used in developing projects from initial concept through to final circuit board production Extensive use is made of video presentations showing soldering and construction techniques The second section contains a set of ten projects for students to build ranging from simple sensor circuits through to power amplifiers A shareware version of Matrix s CADPACK schematic capture circuit simulation and p c b design software is included The projects on the CD ROM are Logic Probe Light Heat and Moisture Sensor NE555 Timer Egg Timer Dice Machine Bike Alarm Stereo Mixer Power Amplifier Sound Activated Switch Reaction Tester Full parts lists schematics and p c b
192. o restore the voltage towards the ideal for that logic level This is illustrated in Fig 1 In this article we will illustrate logic interfacing using two inverters connected together In practice the input and output can be from any logic device in the appro priate technology Noise Margin The difference between the worst case output level and worst acceptable input level for a given logic value is called the noise margin This figure indicates how well the gate can cope with disturbances such as external electrical interference without losing the correct value of the input data In order to define noise margin more precisely we need to take note of minimum and maximum voltages for logic 0 Low L and logic 1 High H at both the input and the output of the gate as follows Input Voltages Maximum Logic 0 Vy max Maximum Logic 1 ViHmax Minimum Logic 0 Vy min Minimum Logic 1 ViHmin Output Voltages Maximum Logic 0 Voy max Maximum Logic 1 Vopmax Minimum Logic 0 Voz min Minimum Logic 1 Vopmin We can then define noise margins for logic 0 NML and logic 1 NMH NML ViLmax E V OLm ax NMH Voumin W ikina If the voltage is in between the defined logic levels for any reason except for the brief time when switching between levels then we have an undefined logic value and the circuit may behave unpredictably or even suffer damage Incompatible Logic Now we have defined some basics we can look
193. o be published 320 pages A4 Hardback Order code RR1 40 95 GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR MULTIMETER R A Penfold This book is primarily aimed at beginners and those of limited experience of electronics Chapter 1 covers the basics of analogue and digital multimeters discussing the relative merits and the limitations of the two types In Chapter 2 various methods of component checking are described including tests for transistors thyristors resis tors capacitors and diodes Circuit testing is covered in Chapter 3 with subjects such as voltage current and continuity checks being discussed In the main little or no previous knowledge or experi ence is assumed Using these simple component and cir cuit testing techniques the reader should be able to con fidently tackle servicing of most electronic projects Order code BP239 5 49 DIGITAL GATES AND FLIP FLOPS lan R Sinclair This book intended for enthusiasts students and techni cians seeks to establish a firm foundation in digital elec tronics by treating the topics of gates and flip flops thor oughly and from the beginning No background other than a basic knowledge of electronics is assumed and the more theoretical topics are explained from the beginning as also are many working practices The book concludes with an expla nation of microprocessor techniques as applied to digital logic Order code PC106 9 95 PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS HANDBOOK Fifth Edition
194. o be symmetrical about OV Expressions for input resistance voltage gain and phase shift for the three Table 10 2 Corresponding values of voltage gain and bandwidth for an op amp with a gain x bandwidth product of IMHz Voltage gain Ay Bandwidth 1 DC to 1MHz 10 DC to 100kHz 1 000 DC to 10kHz 10 000 DC to 1kHz 100 000 DC to 100Hz 1 000 000 DC to 10Hz Check Point 10 3 Op amps have characteristics that are very close to those of an ideal amplifier The voltage gain of an op amp is reduced to a modest and predictable value by means of negative feedback Check Point 10 4 The product of gain and bandwidth for an op amp is a constant Thus an increase in gain can only be achieved at the expense of bandwidth and vice versa i Nem eR sas 10 70 10 10 10 10 10 Frequency Hz Fig 10 12 Frequency response curves for an op amp Table 10 3 Expression for input resistance voltage gain and phase shift for the three basic op amp configurations shown in Fig 10 13 Configuration Inverting amplifier RI Fig 10 13a Non inverting amplifier Very high Fig 10 13b Differential amplifier 2R1 Fig 10 13c Input resistance Voltage gain Phase shift R2 R1 180 1 R2 R1 0 R2 R1 180 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 a inverting ampiiiker ib Non inverting amptifrer RZ Fig 10 13 The three basic configura tions for op amps basic amplifier configuratio
195. oduced by the Alarm Dialler and displayed on the connected PC screen Each menu item is described below Automatic mode The Alarm Dialler has the option to be in either Auto 24 matic mode or non Automatic mode When Automatic mode is set to Yes a non interactive mode is selected This is simply where the preprogrammed number or numbers are dialled with a 45 second delay in between calls After all the calls have been made the relay operates for one second The Alarm Dialler will not return to scan mode until the non alarm state is found This prevents it from continu ally calling if the alarm is not reset When Automatic mode is set to No the Alarm Dialler is in interactive mode and it is possible to reset the alarm without having to wait for all the calls to be dialled During the 45 second wait period between outgoing calls the Alarm Dialler monitors the modem for a ring message If an incoming call is detected dur ing this 45 second inter call period it then waits a further 90 seconds for two more It is necessary to receive a total of three calls within the 90 sec ond period to reset the alarm If only a single incoming call was allowed to do this a random call from someone else could accidentally reset the alarm before you were contacted If three calls are detected it con siders that you called in response to the alarm It then resets the alarm cancels all further calls and returns to scan mode If an i
196. of over 200 JPG images of electronic components This selection of high resolution photos can be used to enhance projects and presentations or to help with training and educational material They are royalty free for use in commercial or personal printed projects and can also be used royalty free in books catalogues magazine articles as well as worldwide web pages subject to restrictions see licence for full details Also contains a FREE 30 day evaluation of Paint Shop Pro 6 Paint Shop Pro image editing tips and on line help included Price 19 95 inc VAT Minimum system requirements for these CD ROMs Pentium PC CD ROM drive 32MB RAM 10MB hard disk space Windows 95 98 NT 2000 ME XP mouse sound card web browser Please send me CD ROM ORDER FORM _ Electronic Projects Electronic Circuits amp Components V2 0 Analogue Electronics Digital Electronics V2 0 Analogue Filters O Institutional Electronics CAD Pack C Institutional Professional 10 user Robotics amp Mechatronics C Site licence Assembly for PiCmicro V3 C for PICmicro V2 Flowcode V2 for PiCmicro Digital Works 3 0 Version required L Hobbyist Student PiCmicro Development Board V3 hardware Teach In 2000 FREE BOOK Electronic Components Photos Project Design Single User Project Design Multiple User under 500 students Project Design Multiple User over 500 students Note The software on each ve
197. of thunder in the distance Suddenly there was a vivid flash of lightening and an extremely loud thun der crack at one and the same time I nearly fell of the steps and although I did not see the actual lightening strike it must have been extremely close by About half a minute later I was looking over a neighbour s hedge when sudden ly a round ball of light a bit bigger than a football appeared as though just about a foot above the hedge The colour was a dull orange akin to the colour of boiled carrots The ball moved relatively slowly drifted along for about four yards then just disap peared There was no noise no smell The ball of light did not fade nor alter in any way It just suddenly appeared then disappeared I had read about ball lightening but the perceived wisdom at the time was that there was no real evidence that it really just a few items to correct and some additional updates to the system to men tion since the evaluation system was sent to you In the review it stated that a printer needs to be attached and online for the IDE software to work This is not cor rect only a printer needs to be installed since most PCs have a printer installed this is never an issue However laptop users will need to install a suitable print er via the Windows printer settings dia logue As to the use of the serial port vs USB issue eChip will function with USB Serial convertors which are ready available for a low cos
198. or L1 and diode D1 from the car battery to the SLA battery Hence the extra voltage drop via diode D3 helps ensure that SLA batteries are only charged to 13 8V Construction Construction is easy with the parts all mounted on a PC board coded 578 and measuring 120 x 60mm Fig 5 shows the parts layout Begin construction by checking the PC board for shorted tracks or breaks 13 8 24V OUTPUT a in the copper pattern Fix any defects you discover before going further Next insert the PC stakes for S1 and inductor L1 and the wire links Insert and solder in all the resistors using Table 1 to guide you in the colour codes Insert the IC and Zener diode taking care with correct orientation The capacitors can be mounted next along with trimpot VR1 The fuseholder clips must be in serted with the correct orientation The easiest way to make sure the clips are oriented correctly is to fit the fuse into Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 37 Be ES eo i O H Hih TIN 3 Zz The completed PC board fits neatly into a standard plastic case Note the rubber grommet between the heatsinks attached to Q1 amp D1 the clips before inserting them into the PC board The input and output terminals can now be mounted D1 D3 and Q1 are mounted verti cally on the PC board each with a heatsink secured with a screw and nut Note that diode D1 and MOSFET Q1 are held apart with a rubber grommet spacer bet
199. or the switch and 1mm holes for the PC stakes The corners of the PC board need to be shaped so that the board will clear the corner pillars of the box Start with the low profile compo nents such as the ICs links and the resistors Make sure that you place switch and pot nuts A metal clamp is used to secure the battery 14 the TL071 in the IC1 position and the TL072 in the IC2 position swapping them won t work at all The resistors can be selected by using a multimeter to verify their values Alternatively use the colour code table to select the values Trimpot VR2 and capacitors can be installed next taking care to place the polarised electrolytics with the cor rect polarity The NP non polarised capacitor can be installed either way Then install the PC stakes and the switch S1 The shaft of the potentiometer VR1 may need to be cut to length to suit the knob VR1 is mounted about 3mm off the PC board and soldered to the four PC stakes which surround the pot body Scrape the passivation coating from the pot body at the PC stake po sitions before soldering it in position The three terminals are soldered to three adjacent PC stakes The lid of the box should now be drilled for the 10 5mm LEDs the switch and pot You can use the label artwork in this article Fig 6 as a drilling template That done place the LEDs into their holes on the PC board ensuring the polarity is correct Fit the lid of
200. orrect conditions But I am not at all clear how to write the code to achieve the complete erase as described in the PIC16F877 data sheet Would you please enlighten me how to get myself out of this or point me in the right direction Is Low Voltage ICSP a suitable subject perhaps for an article in EPE I enjoy your articles and find them very clear I would most certainly appreciate some John Becker clarity on this topic If you can throw some light on this problem I would be most grateful and a lot wiser Len Knott Ringwood Hants via email Len I ve never used LVP and have not encountered the problem directly but I have recently had trouble when using the F628 s internal oscillator with MCLR controlled internally which prevented me from programming it I had pro grammed the PIC on its own board for another circuit I m working on under control from TK3 I did a CP Clear and then found a similar problem you ve got due to that I managed to get out of it by using TK3 s Config option with the PIC in TK3 s board nothing connected to the LV control pin sending an External Oscillator config code to the PIC You could try similar playing around with the various options if necessary TK3 must have the F877 PIC selected in the usual way I ve suggested to Mike Hibbett that he might like to cover LVP in PIC n Mix sometime and he s agreed that he will Extended Controls Dear EPE Some designs require a co
201. out e Vital safety precautions Professionally written Supplements SAFETY Safety Regulations Electrical Safety and First Aid UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE Electrical and Electronic Principles Active and Passive Components Circuit Diagrams Circuit Measurements Radio Computers Valves and Manufacturers Data etc PRACTICAL SKILLS Learn how to identify Electronic Components Avoid Static Hazards Carry Out Soldering and Wiring Remove and Replace Components TEST EQUIPMENT How to Choose and Use Test Equipment Assemble a Toolkit Set Up a Workshop and Get the Most from Your Multimeter and Oscilloscope etc SERVICING TECHNIQUES The Manual includes vital guidelines on how to Service Audio Amplifiers The Supplements include similar guidelines for Radio Receivers TV Receivers Cassette Recorders Video Recorders Personal Computers etc TECHNICAL NOTES Commencing with the IBM PC this section and the Supplements deal with a very wide range of specific types of equipment radios TVs cassette recorders amplifiers video recorders etc REFERENCE DATA Diodes Small Signal Transistors Power Transistors Thyristors Triacs and Field Effect Transistors Supplements include Operational Amplifiers Logic Circuits Optoelectronic Devices etc Es p ee ope E ARTT Tra a bets ip r 7 SPECIAL OFFER Order both Manuals together and SAVE 10 THE MODERN ELECTRONICS MANUAL The Maden Electronics Manual The
202. ow how practical robotic systems are designed The result is a highly stimulating resource that will make learning and building robotics and mechatronic systems easier The Institutional versions have additional worksheets and multiple choice questions interactive Virtual Laboratories Little previous knowledge required Mathematics is kept to a minimum and all calculations are explained Clear circuit simulations PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form on third page UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices 56 Hobbyist Stud nt aviscccsisssccestacensccecetecnecneeeaceeaciueantese 45 inc VAT Institutional Schools HE FE Industry 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user Network Licence 249 plus VAT Site LICenCe ssssnssnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnn 499 plus VAT Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 PiCmicro TUTORIALS AND PROGRAMMING VERSION 3 PiCmicro MCU DEVELOPMENT BOARD Suitable for use with the three software packages listed below This flexible development board allows students to learn both how to program PiCmicro microcontrollers as well as program a range of 8 18 28 and 40 pin devices from the 12 16 and 18 series PlCmicro ranges For experienced programmers all programming software is included in the PPP utility that comes with the development board For those who want to learn choose one or all of the
203. packages below to use with the Development Board Makes it easier to develop PlICmicro projects Supports low cost Flash programmable PiCmicro devices Fully featured integrated displays 16 individual e d s quad 7 segment display and alphanumeric c d display Supports PICmicro microcontrollers with A D converters Fully protected expansion bus for project work USB programmable Can be powered by USB no power supply required HARDWARE ing VAT and postage supplied with USB cable and SOFTWARE programming software Suitable for use with the Development Board shown above ASSEMBLY FOR PiCmicro V3 Formerly PiCtutor Assembly for PICmicro microcontrollers V3 0 previously known as PICtutor by John Becker contains a complete course in programming the PIC16F84 PlCmicro microcontroller from Arizona Microchip It starts with fundamental concepts and extends up to complex programs including watchdog timers interrupts and sleep modes The CD makes use of the latest simulation techniques which provide a superb tool for learning the Virtual PlCmicro micro controller This is a simulation tool that allows users to write and execute MPASM assembler code for the PIC16F84 microcontroller on screen Using this you can actually see what happens inside the PlCmicro MCU as each instruction is executed which enhances understanding Comprehensive instruction through 45 tutorial sections Includes Vlab
204. peaker Level Meter is the readily available National Semiconductor LM3914 Dot Bar Dis play Driver IC which is configured to drive 10 LEDs in dot mode We have used the LM3914 in preference to the LM3915 which gives a logarithmic display or the LM3916 which gives a VU response because the LM3914 is so cheap and readily available The drawback of the LM3914 when used as a decibel display is that it has a linear rather than the preferred loga rithmic display characteristic This explains the rather unusual labelling of the 10 LEDs which turns out to be quite useable in practice LEDs 5 and 6 correspond to 1dB and 1dB respectively and when they are both illuminated the level is in between at OdB Fig 1 shows the internal compo nents of the LM3914 display driver It comprises a stack of 10 comparators each with its non inverting input con nected to a resistor string between the Ry input pin 6 and the Ryo input pin 4 All the inverting inputs of the comparators monitor the input signal at pin 5 via the internal buffer op amp If the input voltage is above the threshold set on comparator 1 LED1 will light Similarly if the input volt age exceeds the threshold voltage for comparator 2 LED2 will light and so on Not shown is the internal circuitry which allows only one LED to light at a time instead of a whole bar of LEDs which would otherwise result for a high signal level Internal 1 25V reference The internal 1 25
205. pin 5 of IC3 low and conse quently pin 13 of IC1 low When DIP switches S1 1 3 and 5 are off and S1 2 and 4 are on the input is configured to accept an external voltage input The current through the optocoupler LED is limited by a 470Q resistor and protected from reverse polarity by diode D5 In this configuration the input circuit is completely isolated from the main PC board components The external posi tive voltage must be connected to the alarm point otherwise diode D5 will be reversed biased and the alarm will not be recognised When DIP switches S1 2 amp 4 are off and S1 1 3 amp 5 are on the input is configured to accept a contact input In this mode there is no external voltage to operate the optocoupler LED so the internal 5V rail is supplied through the same 470Q limiting resistor and diode D5 The power supply is a 3 terminal voltage regulator circuit providing 5V from a range of input voltages A diode bridge comprising diodes D1 D4 allows both AC and DC supplies to be employed If a DC supply is used the positive lead will be directed to the regulator input irrespective of the polarity of the power connector wiring The main reason for using this cir cuit is to allow a wide range of power supply possibilities The Alarm Dialler draws minimal current only about Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Fig 2 install the parts on the PC board as shown here taking care to ensur
206. ple Projects Full Search Facility Further Background Information and Animated Diagrams Runs in Microsoft Internet Explorer All circuits can be viewed but can only be simulated if your computer has Crocodile Technoloy version 410 or later A free trial version of Crocodile Technology can be downloaded from www crocodile clips com Animated diagrams run without Crocodile Technology Single User 39 00 inc VAT Multiple Educational Users under 500 students 59 00 plus VAT Over 500 students 79 00 plus VAT UK and EU customers add VAT at 17 5 to plus VAT prices eee DIGITAL WORKS 3 0 Counter project Digital Works Version 3 0 is a graphical design tool that enables you to construct digital logic circuits and analyze their behaviour It is so simple to use that it will take you less than 10 minutes to make your first digital design It is so powerful that you will never outgrow its capability Software for simulating digital logic circuits Create your own macros highly scalable Create your own circuits components and i c s Easy to use digital interface Animation brings circuits to life Vast library of logic macros and 74 series i c s with data sheets Powerful tool for designing and learning Hobbyist Student 45 inc VAT Institutional 99 plus VAT Institutional 10 user 249 plus VAT Site Licence 599 plus VAT ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS PHOTOS A high quality selection
207. quency will be determined by the feedback capaci tance C2 and feedback resistance R2 such that 1 0 159 f C 2 InC2R2 C2R2 where C2 is in Farads and R2 is in ohms The bandwidth of the amplifier shown in Fig 10 14 is simply the difference between the upper and lower cut off fre quencies hence Bandwidth f f Fig 10 14 A practical inverting ampli fier with capacitors to limit both the low and the high frequency response Questions 10 2 Q10 5 Devise a circuit using an op amp that will perform according to the following specification Voltage gain 40 Input resistance at mid band 5kQ Lower cut off frequency 20Hz Upper cut off frequency 20kHz Practical Investigation 10 1 Objective To investigate the operation of an op amp Components and materials Plug in breadboard 9V DC power source PP9 9V battery or AC mains adapter with a 9V 400mA output digital multimeter 741 8 pin DIL op amp resistors of 470kQ 47kQ 2 required 1kQ 2 required and 10k 2 required 10k92 variable potentiometer capacitor of 47uF 2 required insulated wire links various lengths short lengths of black and red insulated solid wire Circuit diagram See Fig 10 15 Wiring diagram See Fig 10 16 Procedure The required breadboard wiring is shown in Table 10 4 48 1 PTT Ho w f i ooo ooOE De ee coo O oD ooo e eo sesbe0eeeseebeneees SS ee e R2 ime ict wr Fr SOCGHR ES VERS
208. r PIC Electric Mk2 Control Sensor Sound Card Mixer Headphone Monitor EPE Cat Flap Bingo Box FEB 05 Main Big Digit Displa Spontaflex Radio Tuner Coil Pack Audio Amplifier Tuning Capacitor Board Safety Interface Back To Basics 1 Fridge Freezer Door Alarm Crossword Solver 20W Amplifier Module Back To Basics 2 Water Level Alarm Burglar Alarm x PIC Ultrasonic Scanner Radio Control Model Switcher Back To Basics 3 Scarecrow Digital Lock CompactFlash Interface Board LF VLF Converter Fixed Capacitor Board Mixer Oscillator Board Buffer Amplifier Q Multiplier Tuning Capacitor Board Back To Basics 4 Doorchime Electronic Dice xX Cybervox Multi Clap Switch Audio System Preamplifier Mic Supply Board Power Amp Pain Monitor MotorAmp Back To Basics 5 Kitchen Timer Room Thermometer All Band Radio Full Version Mini Version Multicore Cable Tester Main Active Back To Basics 6 Daily Reminder Whistle Switch Model Railway Signal Control Snooker Darts Scoreboard Photic Phone Transmitter Receiver Back To Basics 7 Parking Radar Telephone Switch x Haloween Howler PIC Based USB Interface x PIC Chromatone NOV _ d Back To Basics 8 Noughts and Crosses Enigma Weather Vane Repeater Multi Function R C Switch K Speed Camera Watch Mk2 Solid State Valve Power
209. r Code Quantity Price enclose payment of Card No Valid From Expiry Date Card Security Code Maestro Issue No The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip cheque PO in sterling only to Everyday Practical Electronics MasterCard Amex Diners Club Visa or Switch Maestro Signature NOTE You can also order p c b s by phone Fax Email or via our Web site on a secure server http www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Saale ADVERTISEMENTS Everyday Practical Electronics reaches twice as many UK readers as any other UK monthly hobby electronics magazine our sales figures prove it We have been the leading monthly magazine in this market for the last twenty one years If you want your advertisements to be seen by the largest readership at the most economical price our classified and semi display pages offer the best value The prepaid rate for semi display space is 10 VAT per single column centimetre minimum 2 5cm The prepaid rate for classified adverts is 40p VAT per word minimum 12 words All cheques postal orders etc to be made payable to Everyday Practical Electronics VAT must be added Advertisements together with remittance should be sent to Everyday Practical Electronics Advertisements 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Phone 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email epeads wimborne co uk For rates and
210. ramic 1 10pF ceramic Resistors 0 25W 1 1 1MQ 1 330kQ 1 300k 1 220kQ 1 150kQ 2 100kQ 3 22kQ 1 10kQ 1 4 7kQ 1 3 3kQ 1 1 2kQ 15109 1279 DISPLAY IC3 LEDS1 10 Fig 2 block diagram of the Loudspeaker Level Meter The microphone signal is amplified by IC1 then precision rectified and filtered before being applied to the bargraph display driver IC3 IC1 s gain is set by the ratio of the feedback resistance between the out put pin 6 and the inverting input pin 2 to the 100Q resistor from pin 2 The low frequency response rolls off below about 34Hz due to the time constant of the 100Q resistor and 47uF capacitor In practice IC1 s gain is adjustable from 48 when potentiometer VR1 is set to minimum to about 548 when VR1 is set to 50kQ However if the gain is set to values above about 100 the inherent bandwidth limitation of the TLO71 op amp begins to reduce the gain at higher audio frequencies For example at a gain of 300 the response will typically roll off above 10kHz This limitation is not impor tant in this application we merely note it for readers who may want to employ this circuit in a more critical application Precision rectifier The output from op amp IC1 is coupled via a 1uF capacitor to the full wave precision rectifier which consists of diodes D1 amp D2 and op amps IC2a amp IC2b Its operation is as follows When the input signal goes positive output pin
211. rcuits The meter will automatically power down after a period of inactivity so you ll never forget to switch it off Measuring just 103mm x 70mm x 20mm it fits in the palm of your hand or safely in your pocket This handy device is supplied complete with a fitted alkaline battery illustrated user guide and capacitor reference chart Standard probes are gold plated kelvin wired croc clips The Atlas ESR is available from many dis tributors including Farnell and Maplin as well as directly from the manufacturer for 89 00 fully inclusive of UK delivery and VAT Contact Peak Electronic Design Ltd Dept EPE Atlas House Harpur Hill Business Park Buxton Derbys SK17 9JL Tel 01298 70012 Fax 01298 70046 Email sales peakelec co uk Web www peakelec co uk for more informa tion downloads and online ordering Users of the older versions lt V2 2 of the Atlas ESR can contact Peak to discuss hardware and firmware upgrade options Pink and Pretty DAB Bush s TR2005DABPNK Portable DAB Radio with PLL FM Tuner went into ASDA stores recently boasting DAB Digital technology with a girly edge The classic look pink faux leather DAB Digital Radio has cutting edge DAB Digital Radio technology built in There s a choice of DAB Digital Radio stations on offer as well as your usual FM stations The easy to read 2 line backlit display shows scrolling text that tells you exactly what you re listening to plus ex
212. re 1 60mm length of 0 7mm tinned copper wire 2 100mm long cable ties 3 M3 x 10mm screws 3 M3 nuts 4 PC stakes 1 1kQ horizontal trimpot coded 102 VR1 Semiconductors 1 MC34063 DC DC converter IC1 1 MTP3055E N channel MOSFET Q1 1 BC327 PNP transistor Q2 2 MBR735 7A 35V Schottky diodes D1 D3 1 5mm red LED LED1 1 1N914 1N4148 diode D2 116V 1W Zener diode ZD1 Capacitors 2 1000uUF 25V low ESR electrolytic 2 470uF 50V low ESR electrolytic 1 100nF MKT polyester 1 inF MKT polyester Resistors 0 25W 1 1 22kQ 2 1kQ 1 2 2kQ 1479 1 1 2kQ 10 19 5W Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au Readers Circuits Ingenuity Uniimited Our regular round up of readers own circuits We pay between 10 and 50 for all material pub lished depending on length and technical merit We re looking for novel applications and circuit designs not simply mechani cal electrical or software ideas Ideas must be the reader s own work D2 1N4148 a k and must not have been published or submitted for publication else where The circuits shown have NOT been proven by us ngenuity Unlimited is open to ALL abilities but items for consideration in this column should be typed or word processed with a brief circuit description between 100 and 500 words maximum and include a full circuit diagram showing all component values Please draw all circ
213. re sensors Oscillators Voltage references Digital to analogue D A converters The PIC16F84 The PIC16F84 is an excellent example of a simple PIC device for use with a wide variety of simple microcontroller projects The chip offers the following features 35 single word instructions IK x 14 bit EEPROM Flash program memory 68 x 8 bit general purpose static RAM registers 15 x 8 bit special function hardware registers 64 x 8 bit EEPROM data memory 1 000 000 data memory erase write cycles typical Data retention gt 40 years 5 data input output pins Port A data input output pins Port B 25mA current sink maximum per pin 20mA current source per pin 8 bit timer counter with pre scaler Power on reset POR Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Power up timer PWRT Oscillator start up timer OST Watchdog timer WDT with its own on chip RC oscillator Power saving sleep function Serial in system programming see later Selectable oscillator options including low cost R C as well as crystal controlled clock options Operating voltage range 2 0V to 6 0V Power consumption lt 2mA at 5V 4MHz 60uA typical at 2V 32kHz lt IuA typical standby at 2V PIC16F84 osci e osc2 15 MCLR T vss Vdd 14 RBO RB7 RBI RB RBZ RB3 Fig 10 1 Pin connections for the PIC 16F 84 A Simple PIC Application A
214. re style models in metal and plastic also rack mount units with integral PSU such as the USB 16COM RM Serial interfaces supported include RS232 RS422 and RS485 We also supply opto isolated RS422 and RS485 versions for reliable long distance communications All our USB Serial products are based on the premium chipsets and drivers from FTDI Chip for superior compatibility performance and technical support across Windows MAC OS CE and Linux platforms NETCOM 813 ES W 3001 M 125 00 8 Port Industrial Ethernet RS232 RS422 RS485 Serial Server with wall mount bracket and PSU RS232 RS422 RS485 Serial Server with PSU and wall mount bracket Connects wired also Ethernet amp Wi Fi 802 11b g RS232 422 485 Serial Servers One to eight port industrial strength Ethernet and Wireless ethernet serial RS232 RS422 RS485 Servers Connect to your serial device remotely over your Wireless network Ethernet or via the Internet Single Port high performance Industrial Wireless Ethernet Based on the 32 bit ARM CPU these systems offer powerful serial connectivity and a wealth of features WLAN models comply with IEEE 802 11b g max 54 Mb s and also offer a 10 100Mbps secondary ethernet connection All models come complete with PSU Prices start at only 85 00 NetCOM 111 EasySync Ltd 373 Scotland Street Glasgow G5 8QB U K Tel 44 141 418 0181 Fax 44 141 418 0110 Web http www easysync co uk E Mail
215. rements for these items Pentium PC running Windows 98 NT 2000 ME XP CD ROM drive 64MB RAM 10MB hard disk space FLOWCODE FOR PiCmicro V2 Flowcode is a very high level language programming system for PlCmicro microcontrollers based on_ flowcharts Flowcode allows you to design and simulate complex robotics and control systems in a matter of minutes Flowcode is a powerful language that uses macros to facilitate the control of complex devices like 7 segment displays motor controllers and l c d displays The use of macros allows you to control these electronic devices without getting bogged down in understanding the programming involved Flowcode produces MPASM code which is compatible with virtually all PlCmicro programmers When used in conjunction with the Version 2 development board this provides a seamless solution that allows you to program chips in minutes Requires no programming experience Allows complex PiCmicro applications to be designed quickly Uses international standard flow chart symbols IS05807 Full on screen simulation allows debugging and speeds up the development process Facilitates learning via a full suite of demonstration tutorials Produces ASM code for a range of 18 28 and 40 pin devices Professional versions include virtual systems burglar alarm buggy and maze plus RS232 IrDa etc PRICES Prices for each of the CD ROMs above are Order form o
216. rent completely programmable boost curves This is ideal for switching between say a race street mode or a performance wet weather mode Boost curve selection is via a dashboard switch and is all programmed using the handheld digital controller KC 5386 shown above Kit supplied with PCB machined case and all electronic components _ e Suitable for EFI and engine management systems only functionality Add on Intercooler Water Spray Controller for Fuel Mixture Display Kit i Simply add me few oneni to the Smart Fuel Mixture Display Kit KC 5374 shown above and reduce water consumption by up to two thirds A Cracker of a Catalogue th Two Way SPDIF Toslink Digital Audio Converter Kit This kit converts coaxial digital audio signals into optical or vice versa Use this bit stream converter in situations where one piece of equipment has an optical audio input and the other a coaxial digital output Kit includes Toslink optical modules PCB with overlay case with screen printed lid all electronic components and clear English instructions AAA Jucar ie Aia T n Darra Aut TTR ias OMENT EB _ Requires 9 12VDC wall adaptor Maplin JC91Y 14 99 Universal High Energy Ignition Kit A high energy 0 9ms spark burns fuel faster and more efficiently to give you more power This versatile kit can be connected to conventional points twin points or reluctor ignition systems Kit supplied wi
217. rface from which it is emitted Thus the measurement is of luminous power L and 1 lumen 1 candela x 1 steradian where the steradian Sr measures a solid angle cone projecting from a surface of L r2 4 on the sphere when the observer is located and where the angle of radiation is equal to r Example With a high intensity white 5mm l e d of 8500mcd having a beam cone of 15 we get 15 0 26rad equivalent to a cone of 0 05sr and the luminous power 0 05 x 8500 1000 0 46lm A comparison of the relative in tensity of a Krypton 3 6V lamp and a Luxeon Star O l e d is shown in Fig 4 The two curves correspond to the complete discharge of the same Fig 2 Graph of current to voltage ratio of the Star O L e d RELATIVE INTENSITY 30 20 10 0 10 ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT DEGREES Fig 3 Illustrating the production of the light output beam when the relative intensity is taken against angular displacement degrees 20 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 VE LIGHT INTENSITY RELATI 600 MINUTES battery 4 5V alkaline Fig 4 Comparison of the light output of a Krypton 3 6V lamp and a Luxeon Star O l e d as the controlling battery discharges 30 40 Operating Principle The torch described here uses a PIC12F629 microcontroller to control the Luxeon e d The complete circuit diagram is shown in Fig 5 The function of the PIC IC1
218. rilled and that s for the indicator LED 30 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 12VAC DC Fig 6 this full size artwork can be used as a drilling template for the rear panel The cutout for the DB9 connector can be made by drilling a series of small holes around the inside perimeter and knocking out the centre piece couple of seconds the LED will start to flash again The sequence ATA instructs the modem to go online and answer the call Checking automatic mode The next test will check that Auto matic mode operates correctly First simulate an alarm condition on the input The screen should now show the letters ATDT followed by the digits for the Primary number that you have entered during programming The sequence ATDT is the command sent to the modem to tone dial the follow ing number Wait 45 seconds and the same sequence should appear on the screen again At this point the primary number has been dialled twice which is the number set in Retries As we have set Use Secondary to Yes the same de layed dialling sequence should occur again however this time the Second ary number is used Once all the calls have been made the Alarm Dialler waits 45 seconds operates the relay and the LED starts to flash normally Checking non automatic mode Once you are satisfied that Automat ic mode is working correctly you can test Non Automatic mode Program the Alarm Dialler with Automatic mode set to No leav
219. rown red red red brown brown red red brown brown black red brown yellow violet black brown 5 Band Code 1 red red black red brown red red black brown brown brown red black brown brown brown black black brown brown yellow violet black gold brown Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 DC DC CONVERTER SANER SZN OUTPUT US This oscilloscope trace shows the gate drive to the MOSFET Q1 There is almost 11V drive with fast rise and fall times The fast fall time is improved using the Q2 gate discharge transistor which quickly discharges the gate capacitance Finally if you need to continuously run the DC DC Converter at its full rated output of 2A it would be wise Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 to run it in a ventilated metal case and possibly use larger heatsinks for Q1 D1 amp D3 EPE 1 PC board code 578 available from the EPE PCB Service 120 x 60mm 1 plastic case 130 x 68 x 43mm 1 panel label 126 x 64mm 1 powdered iron core FERROX CUBE TN25 15 10 or similar 1 SPST rocker switch S1 2 2 way PC mount screw termi nals 8 25mm pin spacing 3 mini heatsinks 19 x 19 x 10mm 2 M205 PC mount fuse clips 1 M205 3A fast blow fuse F1 2 cordgrip grommets 1 14mm OD rubber grommet 1 plug for automotive cigarette lighter socket 1 1m length of red automotive wire 1 1m length of black automotive wire 1 1 2m length of 1mm enamelled copper wi
220. rresponding interval of time in s Slew rate is measured in V s or V us and typical values range from 0 2V us to over 20V us Slew rate imposes a limitation on circuits in which large amplitude pulses rather than small ampli tude sinusoidal signals are likely to be encountered Gain and Bandwidth It is important to note that the product of gain and bandwidth is a constant for any particular op amp Hence an increase in gain can only be achieved at the expense of bandwidth and vice versa Fig 10 12 shows the relationship between voltage gain and bandwidth for a typical op amp note that the axes use logarithmic rather than linear scales The open loop voltage gain i e that obtained with no feed back applied is 100 000 or 100dB and the bandwidth obtained in this condition is a mere 10Hz The effect of applying increasing amounts of negative feedback and conse quently reducing the gain to a more manage able amount is that the bandwidth increases in direct proportion The frequency response curves in Fig 10 12 show the effect on the bandwidth of making the closed loop gains equal to 10 000 1 000 100 and 10 Table 10 2 sum marises these results You should also note that the gain x bandwidth product for this amplifier is 1 x 10 Hz i e 1MHz Op Amp Configurations The three basic configurations for op amps are shown in Fig 10 13 Supply rails have been omitted from these diagrams for clarity but are assumed t
221. rsion is the same only the licence for use varies OOOOO 0 QOOOUOOUWO C enclose cheque PO in sterling payable to WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LTD for L Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Switch Valid From o eeaes ce da eeneewes Card expiry date osc tsccteewnein da Cenda weg ete wx Gard NO go tesed an ean ahd Aas eae eames as hae heed doe Kole G Switch Issue No Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the signature strip ee ee ee ee ee ee ORDERING ALL PRICES INCLUDE UK POSTAGE Student Single User Standard Version price includes postage to most countries in the world EU residents outside the UK add 5 for airmail postage per order 58 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 EPE PIC PROJECTS VOLUME 1 MINI CD ROM A plethora of 20 hand PiCked PIC Projects from selected past issues of EPE Together with the PIC programming software for each project plus bonus articles ON L Use your browser to open 0000 him ic TBE 2000 Tesh faes interes inc A imime Phatiieshing Lid The projects are c1 4 45 PIC Based Ultrasonic Tape Measure m You ve got it taped if you PIC this ultrasonic distance measuring INCLUDING calculator VAT and P amp P EPE Mind PICkler i Want seven ways to relax Try our PIC controlled mind machine Order on line from PIC MIDI Sustain Pedal ee www epemag wimborne co uk shopdoor htm Add sustain st rte ae ae a
222. s 5V 3V interfacing in depth SV Tolerant Inputs Fortunately sometimes you do not have to take a lot of effort to provide 5V to 3V interfacing Some 3 3V microcon trollers including some PICs have 5V tolerant inputs That is unlike the small over voltages permissible with most logic devices these chips can have 5V logic signals connected to them when operat ing on 3 3V This is achieved by changing the design of the electrostatic discharge ESD protection circuits it is usually the ESD clamps switching on that causes problems with over voltage logic inputs connected to conventional CMOS devices The 3 3V logic outputs are designed to fit with 5V TTL input levels as in Fig 4 For connecting 3 3V out puts to 5V CMOS inputs a pull up resis tor is used with the output configured as on open drain Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Fig 13 The 74LVC4245A pin connec tions Source Philips datasheet XGAMESTATION LEARA STER Br See Sow jo DESIG ANGE Buto TEUR OwA Vibe GAME CONSOLE integrated IDE Complete Fackage eBook a Ea T t dge ME a As Great for Hobbyists AND Students Complete Software Development Ait eBook on Designing the G5 Console il Parallax SX Key Compatible Co Fully Assembled AGS Micro Edition Unit The Fun Way to Leam Embedded Systems j z5 F E maa Cia lt p mame ame Wi Ws AGAMES TATION GUM SUPPORT MONURVE NE
223. s commonly asked by newcomers to the world of the vacu um tube whether audio enthusiasts tackling their first build or more experienced amplifier designers seeking to learn the ropes of working with valves The practical side of this book is reinforced by numerous clear illustrations throughout Order code NE40 21 99 368 pages 119 pages AUDIO AMPLIFIER PROJECTS R A Penfold A wide range of useful audio amplifier projects each project features a circuit diagram an explanation of the circuit operation and a stripboard layout diagram All constructional details are provided along with a shop ping list of components and none of the designs requires the use of any test equipment in order to set up properly All the projects are designed for straight forward assembly on simple circuit boards Circuits include High impedance mic preamp Low impedance mic preamp Crystal mic preamp Guitar and GP preamplifier Scratch and rumble filter RIAA pre amplifier Tape preamplifier Audio limiter Bass and treble tone controls Loudness filter Loudness control Simple graphic equaliser Basic audio mixer Small 300mW audio power amp 6 watt audio power amp 20 32 watt power amp and power supply Dynamic noise limiter A must for audio enthusiasts with more sense than money 01ko 10o H nd Om iy E 10 95 5 45 VALVE AMPLIFIERS Second Edition Morgan Jones This book allows those with a limited knowledge of the fiel
224. s and how it s used And there s much MUCH more The author s tongue in cheek humour makes it a delight to read but this is a REAL technical book extremely detailed and accurate Contents Fundamental concepts Analog versus digi tal Conductors and insulators Voltage current resis tance capacitance and inductance Semiconductors Primitive logic functions Binary arithmetic Boolean alge bra Karnaugh maps State diagrams tables and machines Analog to digital and digital to analog Integrated circuits ICs Memory ICs Programmable ICs Application specific integrated circuits ASICs Circuit boards PWBs and DWBs Hybrids Multichip modules MCMs Alternative and future technologies 470 pages large format Wol GR 1 13 10 26 95 BEBOP BYTES BACK and the Beboputer Computer Simulator CD ROM Clive Max Maxfield and Alvin Brown This follow on to Bebop to the Boolean Boogie is a multimedia extravaganza of information about how computers work It picks up where Bebop left off guiding you through the fascinating world of computer design and you ll have a few chuckles if not belly laughs along the way In addition to over 200 megabytes of mega cool multimedia the CD ROM contains a virtual microcomputer simulating the motherboard and standard computer peripherals in an extremely realistic manner In addition to a wealth of technical information myriad nuggets of trivia and hundreds
225. s on screen demonstration circuits The series gives a hands on approach to electronics with numerous breadboard circuits to try out plus a simple computer interface Win 95 98 ME ONLY which allows a PC to be used as a basic oscilloscope ONLY 12 45 including VAT and p amp p THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST 3 0 CD ROM The complete collection of The Amateur Scientist arti cles from Scientific American magazine Over 1 000 classic science projects from a renowned source of winning projects All projects are rated for cost difficul ty and possible hazards Plus over 1 000 pages of helpful science techniques that never appeared in Scientific American Exciting science projects in Astronomy Earth Science Biology Physics Chemistry Weather and much more The most complete resource ever assembled for hobbyists and professionals looking for novel solutions to research problems Includes extensive Science Software Library with even more science tools Suitable for Mac Windows Linux or UNIX 32MB RAM minimum Netscape 4 0 or higher or Internet Explorer 4 0 or higher Over 1 000 projects PROJECT CONSTRUCTION IC 555 PROJECTS E A Parr Every so often a device appears that is so useful that one wonders how life went on before without it The 555 timer is such a device Included in this book are over 70 circuit diagrams and descriptions covering basic and general circuits motor car and model railway circuits alarms a
226. s only necessary to remem ber a small number of commands it is rel atively easy to learn to program a PIC using its own assembly language note however that it may take several instructions to achieve on a PIC what can be done in a sin gle instruction using a fully fledged micro processor And if you don t like the idea of having to learn assembly code program ming you can make use of high level lan guages such as C BASIC or Flowcode a language based almost entirely on flow charts Program memory can be ROM 42 PROM or Flash memory Data memory on the other hand must be read write memory commonly known as RAM see last month As mentioned last month mainstream microprocessors like the Z80 are often clas sified by the number of data bits that they can manipulate i e the width of the data bus This can be either 8 16 32 64 or 128 bits PIC microcontrollers by contrast are all based on an 8 bit data bus and because of this they can only operate on 8 bits of data at a time despite this you will sometimes encounter program instructions that reference data in 12 14 and 16 bit units The program memory of a PIC usually varies in width from 12 bits to 16 bits PIC Families In the early 1990s PIC microcontrollers were grouped in three families often referred to as Base Line Mid Range and High End Unfortunately many of these devices are incompatible with the l
227. s requiring a personal reply must be accompanied by a stamped self addressed envelope or a self addressed envelope and international reply coupons We are not able to answer techni cal queries on the phone PROJECTS AND CIRCUITS All reasonable precautions are taken to ensure that the advice and data given to readers is reli able We cannot however guarantee it and we cannot accept legal responsibility for it A number of projects and circuits published in EPE employ voltages than can be lethal You should not build test modify or renovate any item of mains powered equipment unless you fully understand the safety aspects involved and you use an RCD adap tor COMPONENT SUPPLIES We do not supply electronic components or kits for building the projects featured these can be supplied by advertisers We advise readers to check that all parts are still available before commencing any pro ject in a back dated issue ADVERTISEMENTS Although the proprietors and staff of EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS take reasonable precautions to protect the interests of readers by ensuring as far as practicable that advertisements are bona fide the magazine and its Publishers cannot give any undertak ings in respect of statements or claims made by advertisers whether these advertisements are printed as part of the magazine or in inserts The Publishers regret that under no circum stances will the magazine accept liability for non receipt
228. s simple reset system has proved to be effective The internal oscillator appears at pins 15 and 16 and a4MHz crystal is used to supply accurate tim ing for the internal counters Pin 10 is connected to the Program switch S1 8 with an external 10kQ pull up resistor so that with the switch open the pin is read as high or a one When the switch is closed the pin is read as low or a zero Pin 11 is con nected to the Inhibit switch S1 7 and works in the same manner Pin 7 is the transmit data pin and is normally high pulsing low when a zero data bit is sent Pin 6 is the receive data pin and is used to both interrupt the PIC when a character is received and to receive the actual data bits Normally pin 6 is high with no data present and goes low when a character start bit is received This negative edge interrupts the PIC and forces it to en ter the interrupt routine This routine samples the eight character bits and stores them in an internal PIC register After the stop bit has been received it exits the interrupt routine and the main code processes the character More complex microcontrollers have a dedicated hardware UART to do this receiving but in this less quali fied PIC we must do this in software The UART operates in half duplex mode meaning that it cannot send and receive data at the same time Pin 18 controls the LED and when it is low the LED is on and when it is high the LED is off A 330Q resistor limits th
229. s systems and their arithmetic logic units Sections on Boolean Logic and Venndiagrams displays and chip types have been expanded in Version 2 and new sections include shift registers digital fault finding programmable logic controllers and microcontrollers and microprocessors The Institutional versions now also include several types of assessment for supervisors including worksheets multiple choice tests fault finding exercises and examination questions ANALOGUE FILTERS Analogue Filters is a complete course in designing active and passive filters that makes use of highly interactive virtual laboratories and simulations to explain how filters are designed It is split into five chapters Revision which provides underpinning knowledge required for those who need to design filters Filter Basics which is a course in terminology and filter characterization important classes of filter filter order filter impedance and impedance matching and effects of different filter types Advanced Theory which covers the use of filter tables mathematics behind filter design and an explanation of the design of active filters Passive Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop Bessel Butterworth and Chebyshev ladder filters Active Filter Design which includes an expert system and filter synthesis tool for the design of low pass high pass band pass and band stop
230. set BH22 9ND Printed in England by Apple Web Offset Ltd Warrington WAI 4RW Distributed by Seymour 86 Newman St London W1T 3EX Subscriptions INLAND 17 50 6 months 33 12 months 61 2 years OVERSEAS Standard air service 20 50 6 months 39 12 months 73 2 years Express airmail 29 50 6 months 57 12 months 109 2 years Payments payable to Everyday Practical Electronics Subs Dept Wimborne Publishing Ltd Email subs epemag wimborne co uk EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is sold subject to the following conditions namely that it shall not without the written consent of the Publishers first having been given be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of Trade at more than the recommended selling price shown on the cover and that it shall not be lent resold hired out or otherwise disposed of in a mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way of Trade or affixed to or as part of any publication or advertising literary or pictorial matter whatsoever Rapid Light Dependent Resistors E gt Order code 58 0132 Microswitches Order g a 5mm 78 0867 white LED NX Order code 55 1886 a 1N4148 Signal Diode LEDs Order code 47 3308 4 From Order code 0 6p 55 1904 20 x 5mm Time e Darlington 7805 V reg g lag glass 4 transistors Order code 47 3290 ae fuses Order code Order code 81 0172 26 0570 O Qa
231. shows that the signal is below 13dB A 9V battery supplies the circuit via a 1N5819 Schottky diode D3 to provide reverse polarity protection while minimising the voltage drop across the diode this allows more life from the battery The 470uF ca pacitor decouples the supply to the LEDs while a 27Q resistor and 100uUF capacitor further decouple the supply for IC1 IC2 and IC3 The 16V Zener diode ZD1 allows the circuit to be powered from a 12V car battery instead ofa 9V battery The circuit could also be run from a 9V DC plugpack although this would limit its portability while doing tests Construction All the parts for the Loudspeaker Level Meter fit on a PC board coded 13 The PC board assembly is secured to the back of the front panel by doing up the 9V BATTERY S g A v a a Lo S m S g ELECTRET MIC INSERT Fig 4 install the parts on the PC board as shown here taking care to ensure that all polarised parts are correctly orientated Potentiometer VR1 is secured by soldering its metal body and terminals to adjacent PC stakes see text 577 measuring 123 x 59mm It is housed in a plastic case measuring 130 x 68 x 43mm approx You can begin the assembly by checking the PC board for any shorted tracks or breaks in the copper pattern Also check that the hole sizes are correct for the switch and PC stakes You will need 2mm HEAVY DUTY 9v oria AT a A G PA q tact holes f
232. simple PIC application based on the PIC16F84 is shown in Fig 10 2 The circuit provides control for two relays RL1 and RL2 based on the state of four single pole single throw SPST switches S1 to S4 The switches are connected to four lines on Port B which are configured as inputs whilst the two relays are connected to two lines on Port A configured as outputs Because the relays demand more power than can be supplied by the PIC additional transistor current amplifier stages TR1 and TR2 are used as drivers These two transistors are connected in common emitter mode such that a high logic 1 output from the respective Port A output line either RAO or RA1 will sup ply base current to TR1 or TR2 resulting in the transistor conducting heavily with suffi cient collector current to operate either RL1 or RL2 as appropriate The diodes D1 and D2 are connected across the respective relay coils in order to limit the back e m f generated when the current in the coil ceases and the flux collapses Without these diodes there is a danger that the collector voltage may rise to a value that can cause the collector base junction of TR1 and or TR2 to break down The clock frequency 4MHz of IC1 is determined by the crystal X1 Note that as an alternative to the use of a quartz crystal the internal clock circuit of the 16F84 can also make use of low cost but less accu rate and less stable ceramic resonators and R C resistor cap
233. space available to go into detail about the serial port component but I thought I should at least point out that it was included and that it was not one of the things that had been omitted from the Express Edition I still feel that it is a bit strange that Microsoft has waited until the serial port is on the verge of obsolescence before finally including proper support for it The seri al port component might be covered in a future Interface article but anyone con templating serial port interfacing should face a few facts Serial port interfacing is never straightforward and is often problematic UARTs and other serial interfacing chips have been discontinued although it is still possible to use discrete logic or a PIC based interface The serial interface is the next legacy port to be phased out and this type of port is now something of a rarity on new PCs Perhaps it is time to forget serial interfacing and move on to the USB variety Robert Penfold via email LED Car Lighting Dear EPE I was interested to read the project on LED Lighting For Your Car May 06 I have just spent many weeks searching for suitable replacement LED light units for my wife s Corsa C and in the process I have learnt some interesting points about the legalities of vehicle lighting etc which I feel I should now pass on to your readers Firstly all vehicle mandatory light units i e front rear side lights head lights brake lights and in
234. ssenger is Microsoft s instant messaging program that arrives on every modern Windows based PC with not a complaint from the EU anti competition lobby to be heard though it may need a free download to update it MSN Messenger is an attractive instant messenger IM product with many added bells and whistles It incorporates some interactive features of the kind seen years ago in ICQ which adds to the enjoy ment of peer to peer real time communications In terminal style Chat mode you can add emoticons smilies to messages and send a Nudge which plays a sound and shakes the window of the recip ient s PC display Send winks too which plays an animated graph ic at the other end You can add a microphone and loudspeakers or a headset and talk to other MSN users over IP if they choose to accept your call call ing long distance in effect is free of charge apart from the cost of a broadband connection It is easy to create a voice clip too press F2 and record up to 15 seconds of speech to send to your contact With broadband s increased coverage one of the main uses of MSN Messenger is conversing via webcam such as the types discussed in previous months remembering that some webcams require a separate microphone check before you buy The MSN Messenger window incorporates a simple VU meter display to help monitor sound levels A whiteboard application is included just doodle something on the
235. st five years is also available at www epemag co uk or see order form below Alternatively indexes are published in the December issue for that year Where we are unable to provide a back issue a photocopy of any one article or one part of a series can be purchased for the same price Issues from Jan 99 are available on CD ROM see next page and issues from the last six months are also available to download from www epemag com Please make sure all components are still available before commencing any project from a back dated issue APR 05 PROJECTS e Spontaflex Radio Receiver Safety Interface Fridge Freezer Door Alarm Smart Karts 7 FEATURES e Back To Logic Basics 1 Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited e Interface PIC18F Microcontroller Family Introduction Techno Talk Net Work The Internet Page MAY 05 PROJECTS e Crossword Solver DAB Radio Aerial e 20W Amplifier Module Smart Karts 8 e Water Level Detector Burglar Alarm FEATURES e Back To Logic Basics 2 Circuit Surgery Ingenuity Unlimited Passive Component Testing Practically Speaking Techno Talk Net Work The Internet Page JUNE 05 PROJECTS e PIC Ultrasonic Radar e Radio Control Model Switcher Super Ear Audio Telescope Electronic Scarecrow e Digital Lock FEATURES e Catch the Wave Tsunami Back To Basics 3 Digital TV Switchover e Programming PIC 18F Interrupts Circuit Surgery e Interface In
236. swered When the modem answers the call by going on line it sends an answer tone and then drops off line after 20 seconds By using this feature you can tell if the unit is powered up and operating normally from anywhere that you can use a telephone The only indication the Alarm Di aller has of an incoming call is a ring message from the modem The modem sends the digit 2 each time a burst of ring is received The Alarm Dialler counts the time in seconds between ring bursts to distinguish between those within the same call and those from separate calls When an incoming call is being re ceived from the telephone exchange ring bursts are two seconds apart However the time between the last ring burst from one call and the first ring burst from the next call will be much greater than this The Alarm Dialler will register a new call if the gap is larger than six seconds It would be unusual to receive three calls within 90 seconds in normal use and so the unit should rarely answer a random call Even if someone does call three times in quick succession all that will happen is that the unit will answer on the third call send the answer tone and then drop off line again Obviously if you are unable to get the Alarm Dialler to answer at all either the unit or the modem has Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 5V 100Q 4 5 13 D5 2 s1 2 1N4004 i s 1 A S1 6 S1 7 S1 8 D6 1N4004 ALARM DIAL
237. t A better solution available from May is the eChip USB downloader which gives a USB connec tion to a USB powered test PCB with switches LEDs etc Approx cost 17 00 Secondly there have been some upgrades to the software and the latest version V185 offers refinements to the DEBUG system and support more importantly for eChip 18e an enhanced eChip operating at 8MHz twice as fast as the eChip 18 used in the review which offers an ADC block and is self configuring if selected during circuit design It also supports the eChip 28 pin which is due June July Also due at about the same time is a free non graphical existed suggesting that those who had claimed to have seen it were suffering from delusions I even asked myself if I had really witnessed it or imagined it but I know that it was real The other curious light not mentioned in your article is that of St Elmo s Fire which is a corona discharge occasionally seen at the top of the masts of the old sailing ves sels and well documented This is akin to the coronas often seen on misty dark nights surrounding high voltage power lines frequently accompanied by crackling noises and causing local interference on radios particularly portable ones I hope that the above observations are of interest Frank W Adams Sheffield via email They are Frank Although I ve seen many natural phenomena I ve not seen those such as you describe Has anyone else IDE whic
238. t and features over 850 photographs 360 line drawings and 440 data tables PRICES INCLUDING POSTAGE Europe airmail Rest of World Rest Of World UK surface mail airmail Vol 1 36 50 37 50 45 Vol 2 Temporarily out of print Vol 3 48 50 49 59 Vol 4 49 50 52 50 64 For delivery to Canada Vol 2 and Vol 4 can only be sent by surface post this can take up to 8 weeks Cheques made payable to Direct Book Service Direct Book Service Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND Tel 0202 873872 Fax 0202 874562 www radiobygones co uk Please send me Wireless For The Warrior eee quantity Vol 1 quantity Vol 2 quantity Vol 3 quantity Vol 4 Namoro monn SR rd a i to fe Red a a SoS re eR Addos Seena a er ee AED pee te SN I oN oP stn UNE We E es POSE Ode Arrei s oman ts I enclose cheque postal order bank draft to the value of 0 _ Please charge my Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club Maestro oe E noes WIRELESS for the WARRIOR 50 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Card security Nore last 3 digits on the signature strip Vali EON een en EXON Dale eso Maestro Issue No 065 Mikrotiektronika from Breadboarding Systems at ron lg E i AF i j asuPics iil P D DIEF T TUE SCRE ETEI mer REREAD e ete e 1 E F k i a mr a Ho a ete a
239. t you CD Pasgqaeterex Prat Sellirnys Bs per serama rann don t have to worry about the polarity of the supply wiring When all the wiring is completed push the LED back and slide the front panel into place Now slide the LED into the hole in the front panel so that it pokes through by a few millimetres Initial testing Once construction is complete connect the power supply and using your multimeter measure the voltage at the power supply stakes on the PC board The power supply can be any where between 12 20V DC or 9 16V AC without requiring a heatsink on the 5V regulator If you are going to operate the unit in areas of high temperature then either a heatsink should be added to the regula tor or preferably reduce the voltage of the power supply Although the relay coil is rated for 12V operation using a higher supply voltage shouldn t be a concern because the relay is energised for only one second at a time Next measure the voltage at the output of REG1 You should get a Dialler HpperTenminal Fie Edt View Call Transher Helo Dees 00 ef V1 0 reading close to 5V and the same voltage should be at pin 14 of the PIC socket Pins 2 amp 6 of IC2 will be a volt ei ther way of 9V and 9V respectively if this IC is working correctly If not remove the power source quickly and look for errors especially with the power wiring and the installation of the polarised compone
240. t Resistance The input resistance of an op amp is defined as the ratio of input voltage to input current expressed in ohms It is often expe dient to assume that the input of an op amp is purely resistive though this is not the case at high frequencies where shunt capacitive reactance may become significant The input resistance of op amps is very much depen dent on the semiconductor technology employed In practice values range from about 2MQ for common bipolar types to over 10 2Q for FET and CMOS devices Input resistance is the ratio of input volt age to input current Vin lin where Ry 1s the input resistance in ohms Vy is the input voltage in volts and I is the input current in amps However regardless of the type of device when negative feedback is applied as in Fig 10 11 the input resistance will become equal to R1 The output resistance of an op amp is defined as the ratio of open circuit output voltage to short circuit output current expressed in ohms Typical values of output resistance range from less than 1002 to around 10002 depending upon the configu ration and amount of feedback employed Output resistance is the ratio of open cir cuit output voltage to short circuit output current hence Vout OC Rour 1 OUT SC where Roy is the output resistance in ohms Vouroc 18 the open circuit output voltage in val and IOUT is the short circuit output current in amps Input Offset Voltag
241. t in all EPE PCB SERVICE 78 drawings photographs and articles published in EVERYDAY PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS is fully POPS for EPE projects protected and reproduction or imitations in whole or ADVERTISERS INDEX 80 in part are expressly forbidden Our September 2006 issue will be published on Thursday Readers Services Editorial and Advertisement Departments 7 10 August 2006 See page 80 for details Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 l QUASAR Get Plugged In PIC amp ATMEL Programmers We have a wide range of low cost PIC and ATMEL Programmers Complete range and documentation available from our web site Programmer Accessories 40 pin Wide ZIF socket ZIF40W 15 00 18Vdc Power supply PSU010 19 95 Leads Parallel _ DC136 4 95 Serial LDC441 4 95 USB LDC644 2 95 USB Serial connection Ee pd Header cable for ICSP Tanne h HS ee pi i E supported ZIF Socket and USB lead extra 18Vdc Kit Order Code 3149KT 37 95 Assembled Order Code AS3149 49 95 USB PIC programmer for all Flash devices No external power supply making it truly portable Supplied with box and Windows XP Software ZIF Socket and USB lead not incl Assembled Order Code AS83128 44 95 Assembled with ZIF socket Order Code AS3128ZIF 59 95 Will program virtually all 8 to 40 pin serial mode AND parallel mode PIC15C family PIC microcontrol lers Free Windows soft ware Bla
242. t is being watched unless the viewer uses two boxes one for the TV and one for the video says DUK s explanatory note on converting a VCR Ennals DUK and Huw Rossiter of Ofcom both agreed when pressed that converting a VCR requires skill because the VCR must be switched to record from its Auxiliary sockets not its off air analogue tuner and timer control or VCRPlus VideoPlus will only switch the analogue tuner unless the system is set to use an IR blaster to switch the digital box We are looking at ways of communicat ing on this says Ennals We are expecting retailers to answer questions and explain issues like this says Laurence Harrison Conversion Price The price of converting a TV is put at 25 the current lowest price for a Freeview box but the price of converting a VCR is put at 80 When asked why it costs 80 to connect one or two 25 boxes to a VCR Ford Ennals said that he believes VCR here means PVR But DUK spokesperson Joe Smithies contradicted saying 80 is the cost of the VCR conversion Huw Rossiter of Ofcom has now confirmed that Ofcom s reference to VCR means PVR The 80 figure he says is the cost of a PVR which are now on sale in some UK supermarkets for under 100 After the launch event Beth Thoren com munciations Director for DUK appeared on BBC TV News and was asked what propor tion of homes have already made the switch Her answer was clear and mislead
243. t layouts There are also chapters on engine management advanced z systems and DIY modifications Over 150 pages All the projects are available in gt kit form exclusively to Jaycar Check out our website for all the details Smart Fuel Mixture Displa Hand Controller for oe Adjusters Salad This kit feats auto amina for night driving This hand controler is used for mapping programming the emergency lean out alarm better circuit independant electronic boost controller Kit shown below It protection and a dancing display which operates features a two line LCD and easy to use push buttons It can when the ECU is operating in closed loop Kit be used to program the adjusters then removed or left supplied with PCB and all electronic components permanently connected to display the adjuster s operation It Car must be fitted with air flow and EGO is designed as an interface and display and is not required for sensors standard on all EFI systems for full general adjuster functions after they have been programmed Kit supplied with silkscreened and ti machined case PCB LCD and all electronic ae components Independent Electronic Boost Controller cil Superb control over your turbo boost curve It can be used in cars fitted with factory electronic boost control using the factory control solenoid or cars without electronic boost control using a solenoid from a wrecker etc It has two diffe
244. t news pr 91 911231Arc1006 html Hope that helps Matthew Your Dad Thomas tells us that you ve just started Environmental and Geographical Sciences at the University of Cape Town Let me know if you find out anything more on the piezo subject We send our best wishes 67 About the Mains Dear EPE Further to Mark Nelson s April Techno Talk about the mains I have a further oddity to add to his dossier I live in south Belfast and each autumn when we change the clocks and the dark evenings begin some of our fluorescent lights repeatedly go out and restart between 5 20pm and 6pm and when it s dark at breakfast time too In previous winters I replaced some tubes and starters which helped in the short term I replaced one kitchen under cupboard unit completely Last autumn the same thing happened to the kitchen ceiling light a 6ft fitting whose tube had been replaced less than a year earlier This time I complained to NIE They told me the nominal voltage was 230V plus or minus 6 which gives a permissible low of 216V My measurements showed the light to begin flashing at 225V After putting a voltage logger on my distribu tion board for a week NIE wrote that they were within the limits and need take no further action For my part I swapped the problem fit ting with a 6ft unit from the attic which disposed of the health and safety issue in the kitchen Later I replaced the choke in the faulty fitting because it w
245. t take priority are then blanked out Furthermore users can record whilst gam ing through the internal record loop The Smart SCART even has a video sensing facility on three of the inputs which allows a camcorder to play via the SCART automati cally This can also be used for any video source not equipped with automatic SCART control such as games consoles and VideoCams Using the Smart SCART is so easy that you should never have to waste time with cables again simply plug all the cables in at once So whether you are a technology savvy multimedia guru or just the average cable cursed punter the easy to use Smart SCART will help you get the most from your TV DVD Video Games Console and Camcorder with the least bother Whether your new techno weapon of choice be an X Box or any other games con sole DVD camcorder or a good old fash ioned VCR they can all be plugged into a single SCART socket input on the TV screen simultaneously For more information contact Chris Skelton Bluedelta Tel 44 0 1763 263120 Fax 44 0 1763 261958 Email information bluedelta co uk The Loudspeaker Level Meter is built into a small plastic case and is just the job for quickly adjusting the level of each channel in a home theatre system or public address system Level meter for nome theatre systems Setting up a home theatre system Want to adjust all the speaker levels precisely Here is the way to do it with this ha
246. tability and very limited bandwidth Also due to manufacturing tol erance the internal voltage gain can vary widely from one device to another In order to reduce the gain to a manage able and predictable amount a precise amount of negative feedback is applied In the circuit shown in Fig 10 11 the amount of negative feedback is determine by the ratio of resistor R2 to R1 Provided that the open loop voltage gain is very high the closed loop voltage gain i e the voltage gain with feedback applied will be given by SOU VN RI AycL where Ayc is the closed loop voltage gain V our and Vy are the output and input voltages respectively under closed loop Fig 10 11 Op amp with negative feedback 46 Fig 10 10 Internal circuit of a 741 op amp Table 10 1 Characteristics of an op amp compared with those of an ideal amplifier Parameter Ideal Real Voltage gain Gain Infinite 100 000 Input resistance Infinite 100M Output resistance Zero 2002 Bandwidth Infinite 2MHz Slew rate Infinite 10V us Input offset Zero Less than 5mV conditions Note that the closed loop volt Output Resistance age gain is normally very much less than the open loop voltage gain Resistor R3 in Fig 10 11 has been included in order to improve the symmetry of the stage The optimum value for R3 is given by RI x R2 RI R2 R3 However if R2 is large compared with RI we often simply make R3 equal in value to R1 Inpu
247. tc are ready finished to ensure success The very detailed instruction booklet 25 pages makes completion of this project possible in a step by step manner Among the techniques experienced are silver soldering folding drilling fitting and testing 29 70 ref STEAMKIT Silver solder flux pack 3 50 ref SSK HOT AIR MOTOR Stirling motor This is an interesting metal based project for pupils aged 15 plus The material pack will enable them to make a fully functional hot air motor All the critical parts piston working cylinder flywheel and coolers have been pre made and are ready for use The detailed plans show all the important stages for the required metal working Measuring with a vernier sawing silver soldering drilling marking out thread making silver soldering sawing and filing etc At the same time the principles of the hot air motor are described in the wide ranging instructions Technical data Working cylinder stroke 12 x 10 mm Pressure cylinder stroke 13 x 11 mm Unloaded speed approx 800 rpm Size Flywheel dia 55mm Base 130 x130 mm With sinter smooth bearings and ready shaped cooler 29 70 ref STEAMKIT2 Silversolder pack 3 50 ref SSK _ Thermo Peltier element large Size 40 x 40 x 4 7 mmTechnical data of the Thermo element Use as a Peltier element to cool or heat will provide 33 Watts of heating or cooling max temp dif ference between sides of 67 C maximum output 15V 3 9 Ampere 150 C 3 5 Ohm 25
248. th Voltage Monitor Kit This versatile kit will allow you to monitor the battery voltage the airflow meter or oxygen sensor in your vehicle The kit features a 10 LED bargraph that lights the LEDs in response to the measured voltage preset 9 16V 0 5V or 0 1V ranges complete with a fast response time high input impedance and auto dimming for night driving Kit includes PCB with overlay LEDs all electronic components and clear English instructions e Requires 12VDC power ole Kolaik for your FREE catalogue EPE had been publishing a series of popular kits by the acclaimed Silicon Chip Magazine Australia These projects are brilliantly designed bullet proof and already tested down under All Jaycar kits are supplied with specified board components quality fibreglass tinned PCBs and clear English instructions Smart Card Reader and ey Programmer Kit m Program both the microcontroller and EEPROM in the popular gold silver and emerald wafer cards Card used need to conform to ISO 7816 standards which includes ones sold by Jaycar Powered by 9 12 VDC wall adaptor or a 9V battery Instructions outline software requirements that are freely available on the internet Kit supplied with PCB wafer card socket and all electronic components PCB measures 141 x 101mm As published in Everyday Practical Electronics May 2006 afi Tiptronic Style Gear Indicator Kit This display indicates up to 9 gears neutral
249. the box over the switch and pot and fit their nuts Push each LED into its front panel hole and solder each one so it protrudes from the lid by about 1mm The battery is fitted into a U shaped battery clip which is secured with an M3 x 6mm screw and nut see the Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 Table 2 Capacitor Codes Value wuFCode EIA Code IEC Code 100nF 0 1pF 104 100n 56nF 0 56uF 563 56n 100pF 101 100p 10pF 10 10p 09 JOIVOIANI 13A51 YDIVAdSGNOT photo for the positioning and orien tation of the battery clip A tip for mounting the clip place the nut over the hole on the inside of the clip and then push the base of the battery into the clip to hold the nut then the clip can be easily fastened to the inside of Fig 5 check your board for defects by comparing it with this full size etching the box with the screw pattern before installing any of the parts Next drill a hole in the base of the case for the electret microphone insert make it a tight fit Then wire up the microphone using a short length of shielded screened cable Finally solder the battery clip leads to the underside of the PC board at the power supply PC stake terminals Testing Carefully check all your work then switch on and check that the LED dis POWER Tl S P E A H F play works You may need to adjust R VR2 so that the lefthand LED lights with no noise applied to the microphone If IF i F L ni FT R no
250. thing happens check voltages There T should be about 8V between pins 4 amp 7 of IC1 between pins 4 amp 8 of IC2 and Fig 6 this full size artwork can be used as a drilling template for the front between pins 2 amp 3 of IC3 Check that panel if necessary the display LEDs light up when you whistle or make a noise Adjust VR1 and check that the sensitivity increases when it is turned clockwise In use you will need a noise signal to allow setting up the speaker levels GND 13 7 3 5 1 0O 1 2 5 3 8 5 6 4 set it to a frequency where there is no signal EPE Reproduced by arrangement with SILICON CHIP magazine 2006 www siliconchip com au If you are simply setting up a stereo system or measuring sound levels in a PA system you can use a pink noise source Alternatively you can use in ter station noise from an FM tuner ie Table 1 Resistor Colour Codes 4 Band Code 1 brown black green brown orange orange yellow brown 5 Band Code 1 brown black black yellow brown orange orange black orange brown EPE D E CHE CVE CPE CLE CHE lt S is a os Em N SH HS a M Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 orange black yellow brown red red yellow brown brown green yellow brown brown black yellow brown red red orange brown brown black orange brown yellow violet red brown orange orange red brown brown red red brown green brown brown brown red violet black brown
251. ticular location as one might expect so there could be other factors involved such as atmospheric conditions temperature etc I witnessed ball lightening some years ago It would be about 1941 when at the age of 10 I was up a step ladder clean ing the downstairs windows of my par ents home It was a muggy sort of very dull day with dark clouds Junk box Sales and Wants Dear EPE I recently posted a note on your Chat Zone access via Www epemag co uk about Junk box Sales and Wants and which I think is worthy of greater pub licity something that I think could be of great value to fellow fiddlers about It s a very basic site at present it may get prettified a little in future when I know how The CZ note reads I ve started a very basic webpage on www madoc eclipse co uk to advertise the contents of my junkbox electronics and radio related but not completely some of the contents anyway m a great hoarder and I ve had the space to do it but time and times change If there s support I propose to keep this site going in order that people of like mind can post their own lists of for sale and wanted there would be no charge for this but I won t put up lists of mod ern amateur plug and play equipment Ant Astley via email Thanks Ant that sounds very useful eChip Review Update Dear EPE Thanks for the complimentary review of eChip in the April Issue However 66 overhead and rumblings
252. to EPE Subs Dept Wimborne 109 express airmail Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset To Everyday Practical Electronics BH22 9ND Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 Email Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East subs epemag wimborne co uk Also via the Web at Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND http www epemag co uk Subscriptions start with the next Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 available issue We accept MasterCard Amex Diners Club au i n Maestro or Visa For past issues see the Back Issues page E mail subs epemag wimborne co uk enclose payment of cheque PO in sterling only payable to Everyday Practical Electronics ONLINE SUBSCRIPTIONS Online subscriptions for downloading the magazine via the Internet 15 99US approx 9 50 for one year available from My cardinumbernis eee eee Please print clearly and check that you have the number correct www epemag com USA CANADA SUBSCRIPTIONS To subscribe to EPE from the USA or Canada please telephone Express Mag toll free on 1877 363 1310 and have your credit ae details ant Or fax 514 355 3332 or write to eee Mag Card Security Code The last 3 digits on or just under the PO Box 2769 Plattsburgh NY 12901 0239 or Express Mag signature strip 8155 Larrey Street Anjou Quebec H1J 2L5 Email address expsmag expressmag com Card Ex Date zao me ore oaa eee
253. to obtain a reason ably large bargraph In this case the value from the scrollbar is multiplied by 25 but the multiplier must be chosen to provide a bar graph that has the maximum required size Controls Visual BASIC has components that can act as on screen controls Scrollbars can be used to act as variable controls for things like vol Form Listing 1 Rotary Control Private Sub Labell_Click Index As Integer Label6 Caption 0 Shape2 Top 1920 Shape2 Left 3100 End Sub Private Sub Label2_Click Index As Integer Label6 Caption 1 Shape2 Top 1440 Shape2 Left 3240 End Sub Private Sub Label3_Click Index As Integer Label6 Caption 2 ume output voltage etc In other words the type of controls that would be provided by potentiometers in a non computer based design Command buttons and radio buttons can be used to provide the equivalents of sim ple switches banks of switches and rotary switches in a conventional design Of course it is possible to make your own controls using line and shape components labels and so on The example control of Fig 4 is a virtual five way rotary switch The desired setting is selected by left clicking the appropriate label and the dot on the con trol knob moves to indicate the selected range When designing virtual controls it is important to ensure that the current setting is clearly indicated to the user as it would be when using the genuine article Th
254. tor tolerances into account A diode may be used to shift logic out put voltages up by about 0 6V as shown in Fig 9 This may make the logic 1 voltages compatible for example for translating 3 3V logic up to 5V logic A problem is that the logic 0 levels get shifted up as well and may become incompatible or suffer poor noise margin For converting to a lower level from a higher level a transistor switch can be used This is shown in Fig 10 If resistor R2 is large the switching may be slow if it is small the power consumption will increase The CD4049 and CD4050 CMOS buffer ICs can be used to interface from higher to lower level logic voltages as shown in Fig 11 Note that the CD4050 s Vpp is connected to lower of the two supplies MAXIMUM RESISTANCE BASED ON INPUT HIGH CURRENTS TYP TEEPE TEE LS TTL FANOUT Fig 7 Choice of pull up resistor for LS TTL to HC CMOS interfacing source Fairchild Semiconductor application note 53 GATE 2 CMOS OR TTL LOWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE GATE 1 CMOS HIGHER SUPPLY VOLTAGE Fig 8 Potential divider logic interface GATE 2 HIGHER GATE 1 LOWER VOLTAGE SUPPLY 1 VOLTAGE SUPPLY Fig 9 Diode voltage shift logic inter face GATE 2 HIGHER VOLTAGE SUPPLY GATE 1 LOWER VOLTAGE SUPPLY Fig 10 Transistor switch logic interface GATE 1 CMOS HIGHER SUPPLY CD4050 GATE 2 CMOS OR TTL LOWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE VOLTAGE Fig 11 High to low level conversion us
255. tra informa tion from the radio station like the program or competition details Once you switch on all the DAB stations are automatically tuned in and you can store your favourite 10 DAB and 10 FM stations into the memory Features include stereo speakers battery or mains powered sleep timer easy to read 2 line LCD display provides track information News and sports results Asda s price is 49 50 European Technology Events Tech Event Guide Ltd has announced a new searchable online database which aims to become the definitive free listing of technology events throughout Europe Unlike other listings the online Tech Event Guide www techeventguide com includes information on key industry shows and conferences as well as company specific seminars and training days provided by manufacturers and distributors Registration to the site is free and elec tronics engineers can browse a continu ally updated list of events by date name or location or make a selective search for events by location and key products areas Users can download reg istration forms and event literature directly from the Tech Event Guide web site or to click a link through to the event s own web site for additional information Once registered users can create their own My Tech Event Guide profile so that they can monitor every opportunity to improve their skills and industry knowledge within their chosen locations product groups and
256. ue for the pulse width modulation to be selected The Zener diode is powered by PIC pin GP4 buffered by resistor R2 but only on an intermittent ba sis thus reducing the total power consumption Power saving is also achieved by controlling the PIC at a slow clock rate around 300kHz as set by capacitor C1 and resistor R3 Light Intensity Pushbutton switch S1 is the light intensity control connected to pin GP2 This is used as an input with its weak pull up activated holding it normally 62 TR1 ZS 1N4148 SEE TEXT Fig 5 Complete circuit diagram for the High Intensity Torch high The pin goes low when the switch is pressed The software counts the number of presses in a given time and sets the intensity accordingly The circuit is basically intended to be powered at 6V It can though be powered at between 3V and 5 5V if diode D3 is omitted Note though that the maximum brightness level requires a minimum supply voltage of 4V Software Considerations The software is based on a main loop in which the PWM signal is generated at about 150Hz depend ing on the battery s voltage Any change of state on switch S1 is also detected Switch presses are counted during 256 successive itera tions The total number of presses is then tested in order to modify the lighting mode A 0 7 second period is used as the timebase for the CTROFFL H counters Its goal is to measure the period at the end
257. uit schematics as clearly as possible Send your circuit ideas to Ingenuity Unlimited Wimborne Publishing Ltd 408 Wimborne Road East Ferndown Dorset BH22 9ND We do not accept submissions for IU via email Your ideas could earn you some cash and a prize Fig 1 Complete circuit diagram for the Adjustable Touch Switch HE sensitivity of the Touch Switch shown in Fig 1 can be adjusted between a slight touch or to a larger pressure being applied to trigger the switch Because this switch works on capacitance it will work through paint or paper labels or plastic The input circuit to the switch consists of a free running oscillator IC1 having an oscillation rate set by capacitor Cl and resistor R2 This transmits a square wave pulse via two capacitors C2 and C3 to a diode pump circuit formed around diodes D1 D2 and op amp IC2 The touch switch plate can be any metal insulated from ground Touching the 40 switch will increase capacitance of the capacitors C2 and C3 which will raise the voltage on the positive input of the op amp The output of IC2 will go low nearly to OV The LED in the circuit is sim ply for testing purposes To adjust while touching the switch turn the pot VR1 until the LED goes out Then slowly turn the VR1 in the opposite direction until the LED just goes on This is the correct touch position This circuit will work on 5V to 12V The single 555 timer circuit can drive multiple tou
258. unication there is still research and experiment to be carried out in the field of antenna design and behaviour The aim of the experimenter will be to make a measure ment or confirm a principle and this can be done with relatively fragile short life apparatus Because of this devices described in this book make liberal use of card board cooking foil plastic bottles cat food tins etc Although primarily a practical book with text closely supported by diagrams some formulae which can be used by straightforward substitution and some simple graphs have also been included Order code BP278 4 00 25 SIMPLE INDOOR AND WINDOW AERIALS E M Noll Many people live in flats and apartments or other types of accommodation where outdoor aerials are prohibited or a lack of garden space etc prevents aerials from being erected This does not mean you have to forgo shortwave listening for even a 20 foot length of wire stretched out along the skirting board of a room can produce acceptable results However with some additional effort and experi mentation one may well be able to improve performance further This concise book tells the story and shows the reader how to construct and use 25 indoor and window aerials that the author has proven to be sure performers Order code BP136 2 25 TICKLING THE CRYSTAL Domestic British Crystal Sets of the 1920 s lan L Sanders The first book dedicated to the topic of British crystal sets to b
259. ut 1 2 45 including VAT and postage Requires Adobe Acrobat available free from the Internet www adobe com acrobat FREE WITH EACH TEACH IN CD ROM Understanding Active Components booklet Indentifying Electronic Components booklet and The Best Of Circuit Surgery CDROM FREE TWO BOOKLETS PLUS CD ROM WITH TEACH IN 2000 Sine wave relationship values Eis Sb Eirce Burgery PROJECT DESIGN WITH CROCODILE TECHNOLOGY An Interactive Guide to Circuit Design An interactive CD ROM to guide you through the process of circuit design Choose from an extensive range of input process and output modules including CMOS Logic Op Amps PIC PICAXE Remote Control Modules IR and Radio Transistors Thyristors Relays and much more Click Data for a complete guide to the pin layouts of i c s transistors etc Click More Information for detailed background information with many animated diagrams Nearly all the circuits can be instantly simulated in Crocodile Technology not included on the CD ROM and you can customise the designs as required WHAT S INCLUDED Light Modules Temperature Modules Sound Modules Moisture Modules Switch Modules Astables including 555 Remote Control IR amp Radio Transistor Amplifiers Thyristor Relay Op Amp Modules Logic Modules 555 Timer PIC PICAXE Output Devices Transistor Drivers Relay Motor Direction amp Speed Control 7 Segment Displays Data sections with pinouts etc Exam
260. version Radio transmitters and receivers EEPROM data memory Interrupts The 12C5XX 8 pin microcon troller The 16F87X microcontroller The 16F62X micro controller Projects Instruction set files and registers Appendices Index Order code NE39 17 49 COIL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL B B Babani A complete book for the home constructor on how to make RF IF audio and power coils chokes and trans formers Practically every possible type is discussed and calculations necessary are given and explained in detail Although this book is now twenty years old with the exception of toroids and pulse transformers little has changed in coil design since it was written Order code BP160 4 49 PRACTICAL ELECTRONIC FAULT FINDING AND TROUBLESHOOTING Robin Pain To be a real fault finder you must be able to get a feel for what is going on in the circuit you are examining In this book Robin Pain explains the basic techniques needed to be a fault finder Simple circuit examples are used to illustrate principles and concepts fundamental to the process of fault finding This is not a book of theory it is a book of practical tips hints and rules of thumb all of which will equip the reader to tackle any job You may be an engineer or technician in search of infor mation and guidance a college student a hobbyist building a project from a magazine or simply a keen self taught ama teur who is interested in electronic fault
261. very close to Vcc The value of the resistor should be chosen based on the number of other LS TTL inputs the gate is driving in addi tion to CMOS input s referred to as the LS TTL fanout using the graph in Fig 7 For PULL UP RESISTOR KQ AN 314 Everyday Practical Electronics August 2006 MINIMUM RESISTANCE BASED ON SINK CURRENT LIMITATIONS example if an LS TTL device is driving only CMOS circuits then the LS TTL fanout is 0 so the resistor value is chosen from the left axis of the graph The data in Fig 7 comes from a detailed application note on logic inter facing from Fairchild Semiconductor www fairchildsemi com an AN AN 314 pdf which considers interfacing problems for a wide range of logic fami lies and is a useful resource on this topic Different Voltages When logic circuits are operating on different voltages direct connection is not possible and we need some kind of interface circuit Perhaps the simplest is to use a potential divider to reduce the output level of the higher voltage circuit to make it compatible with a lower one see Fig 8 Typical values might be R1 18kQ and R2 33kQ for 5V to 3 3V Use of a potential divider will increase power consumption and may result in slow switching To make sure that this will work you need to make sure that voltages ranges produced by the divider are compatible i e such as in Fig 1 tak ing supply voltage variations for gate 1 and resis
262. website Control the speed of almost any common DC motor rated up to 100V 7 5A Pulse width modulation output for maximum motor torque at all speeds Supply 9 18Vdc Box supplied Dimensions mm 6O0Wx100Lx60H Kit Order Code 3067KT 13 95 Assembled Order Code AS3067 19 95 also avail able Order Code 3166 details on website Hot New Kits This Summer Here are a few of the most recent kits added to our range See website or join our email Newsletter for all the latest news Solid state design wind speed meter anemometer that uses ultrasonic tech niques and has no moving parts and does not need calibrating It is intended for sports type activities such as track events sailing hang gliding kites and model aircraft flying to name but a few It can even be used to monitor conditions in your garden The probe is pointed in the direction from which the wind is blowing and the speed is dis played on an LCD display Specifications e Units of display metres per second feet per second kilometres per hour and miles per hour e Resolution Nearest tenth of a metre e Range Zero to 50mph approx Based on the project published in Everyday Practical Electronics Jan 2003 We have made a few minor design changes see web site for full details Power 9Vdc PP3 bat tery Main PCB 50x83mm Kit Order Code 3168KT 36 95 Detects DTMF tones via an onboard electret microphone or direct
263. ween their heatsinks This grommet is held between the heatsink mounting screws and prevents the two from making contact which would cause a short circuit Next mount Q2 and the LED LED1 is mounted so that its top is 29mm above the PC board Winding the inductor Inductor L1 is wound with 1mm enamelled copper wire Draw half the length of wire through the centre of the core and neatly wind on 16 turns side by side Then with the other end of the wire wind on another 16 turns so that the toroid has a total of 32 turns neatly wound around the core The windings are terminated onto the PC stakes as shown Make sure that the wire ends are correctly stripped of insulation before soldering by scraping it off with a sharp utility knife L1 is secured in place with two cable ties which loop around it and through holes in the PC board Spread the windings near Q1 s heatsink and the 100nF capacitor so that they are clear of these parts The completed PC board is housed in a plastic case measuring 130 x 68 x 43mm Fit the label to the front panel and drill out the holes for the LED and switch S1 You will also need to drill out the holes at each end of the case for the grommets Clip the PC board into the case it clips into the integral side clips within the case Test the lid to check that the LED passes through its hole with correct alignment You can adjust it for best fit and height by bending the leads Wire up a cigarett
264. world surface please add 2 per book For the rest of the world airmail add 3 per book CD ROM prices include VAT and or postage to anywhere in the world Send a PO cheque international money order sterling only made payable to Direct Book Service or card details Visa Mastercard Amex Diners Club or Switch Maestro to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE WIMBORNE PUBLISHING LIMITED 408 WIMBORNE ROAD EAST FERNDOWN DORSET BH22 9ND Books are normally sent within seven days of receipt of order but please allow 28 days for delivery more for overseas orders Please check price and availability see latest issue of Everyday Practical Electronics before ordering from old lists For a further selection of books see the next two issues of EPE Tel 01202 873872 Fax 01202 874562 E mail dbs wimborne co uk Order from our online shop at www epemag co uk BOOK ORDER FORM Full NaMe soe sects dcewpeieeecdaurosecconidewecacaadiersnecexddecdecknee ACCESS scscccesevcccivedtedd cxsmvdabencuxindiveusescucdentvewsbedereuense Post code 5 Signature secede sccacuceassadecscnenesccece se aceceeseceetpscccascnantzaets C enclose cheque PO payable to DIRECT BOOK SERVICE for C_ Please charge my card Card Number Card Security Code Please send book order codes ccceceeceeeeeeeees rE Telephone NO eisescncccccrteieacecetcdioavedentedvadeatse Card expiry date Switch Maestro Issue No the last three digits on or

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