Jail locking devices and the like
Contents
1. 853 291 3 type These clutches are provided with two co operating elements one the driving element and the other the driven element One of these constitutes the field ele ment and the other constitutes the armature element Provision is made for energizing the field element to produce the needed magnetic flux which acts through a magnetic circuit including both the field element and the armature element drawing them together under force which is substantially proportional to the square of the field strength and thus producing a frictional engagement between the two elements with corresponding driving effect between them The clutch construction is such that when such field is discontinued by cessation of cur rent flow the gripping effect is terminated with corre sponding declutching result Normally the armature is slightly separated from the field element so that actus contact does not exist but such separation is so smali that only a slight axial movement is required to produce engagement for drive Such axial movement occurs im mediately that current flow through the field coil is produced so that almost instantaneous engagement of the clutch takes place when the motor and clutch are electrified Likewise when current is cut off from said motor and said clutch the clutching engagement ceases at once and there is no tendency for the clutch elements to hang on as is a serious detriment to use of the tooth type clutches in2. also to be noted that even when current supply to the clutch is discontinued simultaneously with dis continuance of current supply to the motor the disen gagement of the driven and driving elements of the clutch does not necessarily occur immediately nor until torque which has been developed between these elements has been released This is especially true in the case of tooth type clutches in which one of the elements is movable axially towards and from the other element during the clutching and declutching operations Accordingly ex perience has shown that frequently when such tooth type clutches are used in such installations as the present namely operating and controlling cell or other prison door movements the discontinuance of current delivery to both the motor and the clutch will not result in de clutching so that manual movement of the door back wardly cannot be produced to release the trapped object or human body due to the irreversibility of the gear speed reducer The present disclosures include provision of a type of clutch in such installations which clutch is of such de sign and operation that all of the foregoing objections to previously used and included forms of clutch are over come and greatly improved operations are produced The clutches herein disclosed for such installations and purposes and operations are of a type which may be designated as a frictional and magnetic face engaging 2
3. closed limit switch is 4 there designated as 27 but a right hand or door opened limit switch 28 is also shown in Figure 9 This one is located at position to function properly when the door is fully opened Bach such limit switch conveniently comprises a form of microswitch hav ing the light spring leaf element 29 carrying a roller 39 and a plate 31 is hinged at 32 in position so that when such plate is raised it engages the roller and thus forces up the light spring leaf against its bias thus also depress ing the microswitch button and reversing such switch leaf contact for the desired function The end of the slide bar 21 which approaches each limit switch is provided with a slanting or cam shaped plate 33 whose cam sur face 34 is adapted to engage a stud projecting towards the observer in Figures 1 and 4 such stud being desig nated 35 and carried by the plate 31 Any other suit able means may be provided for reversing the limit switches at the intended limits of door movement These features are also disclosed in my aforesaid co pending application Serial No 386 231 The motor drive for the sprocket wheel 18 is best shown in Figure 1 The motor 36 is carried by a bracket 37 supported by the structure This motor drives the gear speed reducer 38 through the shaft coupling 39 The driven shaft 49 of the gear speed reducer carries a sprocket wheel or pulley 41 The shaft 19 which carries the sprocket wheel 18 also c
4. means to support such cover plate as such arrangements are well known in this art It is to be noted however that in Figure 3 I have shown the upper por tion of the door the roller the roller supporting rail and certain other elements Some of these are shown by dotted lines in that figure as they actually lie to the right of the section line on which the section of that figure is taken but they have been illustrated to better indicate the relations between the parts This cover plate 99 is provided with an opening 100 in alignment with the shaft 19 so that a suitable handle or hand grip element may be set through such opening and into driving engagement with the shaft when manual shaft rotation is desired To this end I have shown the recess 101 formed in the end of the shaft and located eccentrically with respect to the axis of shaft rotation I have also shown the hand grip element including the socket member 102 which can be set through the opening 100 and whose socket is set over the end portion of the shaft as shown in Figure 3 This device is provided with a stud 103 in its socket which stud will engage and seat into the recess 101 to thus provide a driving engagement from the hand grip element and the shaft The hand grip element is provided with suitable lateral extensions 104 to facilitate the turning of the hand grip and the shaft when so engaged It is noted that when current is off or not being de livered to the motor and
5. of an angle bar having its lower flange 22 projecting towards the ob server in Figure 1 This angle bar is capable of a limited amount of horizontal shift with respect to the door to 10 15 20 25 30 40 which it is attached so that when suchr shift in either direc tion has been fulfill d further driven movement of such bar in such direction Will serve to move tlie door with the angle bar The details of this lost motion connection need not be illustrated here Each end of such angle bar has connected to its lower flange face a downwardly extending block 23 only the left one of which is illus trated in Figure 4 nd a tension rod 24 is extended through such block The outer projecting end of each such tension rod is connected to the proximate end of the chain or tension element 20 The inner end of each such tension rod carries a nut 25 which is adjust ble along such rod and a compression spring 26 is locat d on the rod between the corresponding nut and the inner face of the corresponding block so that by adjustment of such nut the compression of the spring m y be adjusted In other words the pre loading of such spring may be ad justed thereby Thus it will be seen that a closed loop is provided including the upper run of the chain the chain runs over the two end sprockets the short chain runs between the sprockets and the proximate tension rods and the upper portion f
6. position when the door is at the door closed position and for movement of the switch to the current on position when the door is at positions other than the door closed position 4 A cell door installation of the linear door movement type and means to operate and control the operation of said door comprising in combination a planar cell door for separating a confinement area from a non confine ment area means to support said door permitting back and forth movement of the door in the plane of said door between a door closed and a door open position a re versible motor individual to said door means to mount said motor a gear reducer having an input shaft and an output shaft a driving connection from the motor to the input shaft aforesaid a driving wheel shaft means to journal said shaft for rotation about an axis substantially normal to the plane of the door one end of said shaft being at the non confinement area and accessible at said area a movable gate adjacent to the said end of said shaft means to mount said gate for movement between a gate position of interference with said end of the shaft and a gate position of non interference with said end of the shaft manual locking means including a movable element movable between a gate locking position and a gate un locking position operative connections between said lock ing means movable element and said gate effective to move the gate to its shaft interference position when the lo
7. the door itself It will also be seen that when pull is exerted on the chain in either direction by drive of the sprocket 18 some movement of the sprocket and chain may occur without and prior to corresponding door movement such independent chain movement being permitted by compression of the spring 26 at the location or end at which force is being applied to the door and such movements of compression of spring at such drive end being accompanied by corresponding ex pansion of the spring at the other end of the door Thus such chain movement independently of the door is produced while at the same time permitting the chain to be kept taut and in good running condition over the two sprockets It is noted that such movement of the chain produces its door drive through the instrumentality of the slide bar 21 only to the permitted limit of such slide bar movement after which door movement is produced and such slide bar movement is also used to effect verti cal movement upwardly of the locking bar for door un locking All of the foregoing structural features are 45 50 55 60 70 75 shown in Figures 1 and fully disclosed in my aforesaid co pending application Serial No 386 231 and various of said features are claimed in that application Adjacent to the limit of movement of the door in each direction there is supported a limit switch by the struc ture Only the left hand or door
8. through the armature plate surface The coil element remains stationary while rotation is being produced of the elements 53 and 35 the magnetiza tion being produced inductively as stated before Accord ingly the two terminals of the coil 64 may be permanently connected to the proper current supply circuits without need of using slip rings which would be seriously objec tionable in such an installation as that for confining persons convicted of felonies I have shown the element 61a as provided with the radially extending flange ele ment 69 through which is extended a pin 79 carried by a bracket 71 secured to the underface of the element 45 Preferably the opening through which such pin passes is slightly enlarged radially as shown in Figures 5 and 6 so that the element 61a is free to adjust and center itself with respect to the element 55 A ring element 72 is placed on and locked to the shaft 19 just to the right of the element 61a so that all En gr 2 853 201 9 of the clutch elements are retained in proper relative positions on the shaft such ring element rotating with the shaft while the element Cla is stationary Now it is noted that the magnetic flux developed by the coil 64 will be generally proportionate to the cur rent strength through such coil assuming that the mag netization is occurring in amount below the knee of the saturation curve of the magn
9. 58 2 853 291 JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE Folger Adam Joliet TM Application December 14 1955 Serial No 553 081 5 Claims Cl 268 53 l This invention relates to improvements in jail lock ing devices and the like The improvements herein dis closed have to do primarily with electrically controlled and operated jail lock and door moving installations More particularly said improvements concern such installations in which there are provided motor drives for the indi vidual doors be they cell doors or other jail and or prison doors each such door being provided with its in dividual electric motor for door drive in either direc tion as required together with operating and controlling connections between each such motor and its associated door The present improvements have to do with said operating and controlling connections and include cer tain safety features to protect both the installation and individuals or objects which may be trapped between the closing door and the abutment at the door closed posi tion so that damage will not be done to such object or compressive force due to the continued drive of the door s compresive force due to the continued drive of the door s motor This application discloses said features particularly as embodied in that form of door controlling and operating mechanism disclosed in my co pending application for Letters Patent of the United States Se
10. Sept 23 1958 F ADAM 2 853 291 JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE Filed Dec 14 1955 5 Sheets Sheet 1 B LI SN n D L__ _ _ Vas EE ee Adam DER BE x AA Sept 23 1958 Filed Dec 14 1955 F ADAM JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE 2 853 291 5 Sheets Sheet 2 RR RR meer LLL LAL LL LA ESSEN NS SCC y SESS S SESS CLAMAR ERRELE LLOLLL LC LL A 14 N EN Fig 2 13 4 M vi NA A NA mm a ama NA n SSSSSJSSJISJN5SIDNNNSSSSSSSsSO IN 8 EP 0f N EF N A S PSS A A N LA as N TA ARD 5 7 ND AN ZN NZ N AX SK NNNNNN KY LOSS SS A ENE 56 11 Hi Aa AN s4 AANA NES E E i a N AL da n 14 50 4 99 T Vy Fia 3 N 3 U ni Folger Adam b y Sept 23 1958 Filed Dec 14 1955 F ADAM 2 853 291 JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE 5 Sheets Sheet 3 Fig 7 Inventor F lger Adam Amar Ati Sept 23 1958 Filed Dec 14 1955 F ADAM JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE 2 853 291 5 Sheets Sheet 4 Inventor Folger Adam N NE Y 2 853 291 F ADAM JAIL LOCKING DEVICES AND THE LIKE Sept 23 1958 5 Sheets Sheet 5 14 1955 Filed Dec T Inventor Folger Adam 0 PIN i United States Patent Office 2 853 291 Patented Sept 23 19
11. and friction producing face of the field ele ment of the clutch which field element is drivingly con nected to the shaft Figure 7 shows a cross section through the clutch ele ment substantially on the line 7 7 of Figure 3 look ing in the direction of the arrows and this figure shows the smooth armature face which is drawn into engage ment with the excited field element Figure 8 shows a cross section through the clutch ele ment substantially on the line 8 8 of Figure 8 look ing in the direction of the arrows Figure 9 shows more or less schematically a typical no 25 858 991 5 wiring diagram for a single cell installation the features f the present invention Figure 10 shows a fragmentary face view of the upper left hand portion of the structure shown in Figures 1 and 4 but with the protective cover in place and this figure shows the opening in such cover plate through which a manually operated hand grip element may be inserted when such opening is uncovered by use of a special key thus making it possible to manually operate the shaft nd connected parts Figure 11 shows a plan view corresponding to Figure 10 and Figure 12 shows a fragmentary vertical view of the upper portion of the right hand upper portion of the Structure showing the upper portion of the vertically mov able locking bar and also showing the limit switch in position for operation by the vertical movements of such
12. anti friction element The slide bar carries the block 95 similar to the block 23 previously described through which block 95 extends the rod 96 to the outer end of which is connected the proxi mate end of the tension element for pull to the right when drive of the wheel 18 is executed in the proper di rection it being understood that the tension element passes over a wheel located to the right of the parts shown in Figure 12 A nut and spring corresponding to the ele ments 25 and 26 are also carried by the rod 96 so that the right hand end of the tension element is tension con nected to the block in manner similar to the left hand connection previously described Thus during the first portion of the pull exerted on the tension element by drive of the wheel 18 in proper direction the slide bar is drawn rightwardly with respect to the door until the lost motion has been taken up after which the pull is e 10 20 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 12 exerted on the door itself the locking bar having been raised by the cam surface 93 high enough to bring the stud 94 above the end surface 96a of the door so that the door has been unlocked by such slide bar movement Contrarily when the door is being moved in the closing direction the locking bar is retained in its raised and un locked position by reason of the fact that the stud 94 rides on the upper edge of the slide bar until almost the door closed position is rea
13. arries the sprocket or pulley wheel 42 which is driven by the gear reducer wheel 41 2 853 291 m serif through the use of the chain or belt 43 Generally the gear speed reducer is of the worm and worm gear type and irreversible so that drive backwardly from the shaft 41 to the shaft of the coupling 39 cannot be effected but even if such gear reducer were not of irreversible quality such backward drive would entail drive of the motors armature with corresponding substantial load of drive imposed on the sprocket or wheel 18 when such drive might come from an attempt to move the door manually I have interposed a clutch element of special character istics between the sprocket wheel or pulley 38 and the sprocket wheel or pulley 42 from which the drive of the chain 20 is derived so that normally the sprocket 18 and chain 20 are disconnected from the sprocket 42 and motor drive but so that when the motor is energized for drive in either direction such clutch element is also ener gized to effect drive from the sprocket wheel or pulley 42 to the sprocket wheel 18 and the chain 20 Such clutch arrangements are as follows Referring especially to Figures 2 3 4 5 6 7 and 8 the shaft 19 is freely journalled in the bracket arms 44 and 45 which depend from the plate 46 secured to the bottom of the bracket arm 47 of the angle plate 48 This angle plate is in turn secured to the structural plate 49 The sprocket wheel 18 is secu
14. ced no magnetic lock such as would tend to retain the driving engagement between the parts after magnetization had ceased by termination of the electro magnetic energiza tion to be described presently Thus as soon as de magnetization occurs the armature element will be freed of drive to the element 55 which is the effect desired The magnetization of the field element 55 is produced by induction as follows A coil unit 61a is freely mounted on the sleeve 56 of the field element so that rotation of the field element may occur without corresponding rotation of the coil unit 61a Preferably a bushing 62a is set between said elements as shown in Figure 3 or an anti friction bear ing such as a ball or roller bearing may be used at this location This element 61a includes a deep annular recess 63 into which is set a coil 64 having its axis parallel to the shaft axis so that magnetization flows through the central portion of the coil element in axial direction The left face of this element 61a is provided with a deep but radially narrow recess 65 into which seats a rightwardly extending narrow flange 66 of the element 58 the parts being so proportioned that actual contact between the elements 55 and 61a does not occur during drive running The element 61a is also provided with a radially narrow flange 67 which overlies the outer periphery of the element 55 with slight clearance between the parts A thin ring 68 may be set between the inne
15. ch coil 64 must be such as to ensure clutch holding during these opera tions otherwise the needed functions of unlocking the door and moving it thereafter would not be produced Of course similar conditions must be met when opening ithe door being a rightward movement Now ithe deor closed limit switch 27 will not be re versed until the door has been fully closed or just prior to such full closing Accordingly any obstacle of appreciable size which may be found between the left hand door edge and the abutment 15 will jam the door prior to actuation of the switch 27 to discontinue supply of current to the motor and clutch But it sis desired to ensure that the presence of such an obstacle will not cause excessive pressure to be exerted thereagainst under Such eondition of continued current supply to the motor sand the clutch it benig understood that there must be a sufficient factor of safety provided in the sense that under all conditions of free door movement and normal operation the clutch will Certainly hold and produce the required operations The means to adjust the current walue supplied to the clutch makes it possible to ensure the foregoing conditions and at the same time ensure 35 40 45 50 55 60 comply with the conditions explained above This is because among other things such clutches produce
16. ched and during the final stages of door closing movement such stud rides on the door edge 97 When the closing movement has been completed the stud and locking bar is allowed to fall past the end 96a of the door so as to produce the desired locking function It is now noted that although the door has completed its closing movement when the door edge 96a comes to the location of the stud still actual locking does not oc cur until that stud and the locking bar has dropped The presence of an obstruction in the down movement of the locking bar might thus prevent actual locking from ocurring It is desirable that termination of cur rent supply to the motor and the clutch shall not occur until the locking operation has occurred In Figure 12 I have shown the limit switch 27a located adjacent to the locking bar provided with a recessed portion 98 into which the small roller 30a of such switch may move and be accommodated when the locking bar is in other than its door locked position This switch is substituted for the switch 27 previously described and shown in Figures 1 and 9 when it is desired to terminate current supply to the motor and clutch by movement of the locking ele ment to its door locked condition In Figures 3 10 and 11 I have shown the protective cover plate 99 extending along the upper portion of the structure and enclosing the various operating mechanisms previously described It is not deemed necessary to here describe the
17. cking means movable element is in its gate locking position and to move the gate to its shaft non interference position when the locking means movable element is in its gate unlocking position a driving wheel drivingly secured 2 853 291 15 to said driving wheel shaft a tension element having one end in tension engagement with the door said tension element being in peripheral tensioning engagement with the driving wheel a clutch including a driving element mounted on the driving wheel shaft for free rotation on said shaft and for movement on the shaft in axial direc tion and said clutch also including a driven element mounted on and drivingly secured to said shaft the axial direction movement of the driving element being to wards and from the driven element driving connections from the output shaft of the gear reducer to the driving clutch element both of said clutch elements being pro vided with opposing friction engageable surfaces lying in planes normal to the axis of the driving wheel shaft said clutch element surfaces being in frictional driving engagement with each other during clutch drive and be ing disengaged from each other at times other than dur ing clutch drive electro magnetic means to drivingly en gage said clutch element surfaces for drive of the driving wheel in direction to tension the tension element for door movement connnections for supply of current simul 10 15 20 16 taneously to the motor an
18. clutch this shaft is de clutched from the gear speed reducer and motor so that rotation of the shaft will effect the various door unlocking and opening and locked open or door unlocking from open condition door closing and door locked closed operations manually performed It is evident that all of these opera tions may thus be performed merely by setting the hand grip element through the opening 100 and in proper en gagement with the shaft end after which rotation of the hand grip will produce the desired operations I have provided means to normally close and lock closed the opening 100 so that such a hand grip element may not be set through the opening 100 nor may the 13 shaft be exposed through such opening except by an au thorized person provided with a suitable key These arrangements are as follows A wing element 105 is swingingly pivoted to the cover plate for rock close to and parallel to the inside surface of such cover plate Such wing element is pivotally con nected to the cover plate at 106 It normally stands in the position 105a shown in Figure 10 but may be raised to the position 105 of that figure In its normal or lowered position this wing element covers the opening 100 so that it is impossible to set the hand grip element or other implement through the opening 100 for rotation of the shaft I have also provided the guard 107 secured to the inside face of the cover plate at
19. d to the electro magnetic means of the clutch for simultaneous operation of the motor and driving engagement of the clutch elements and means to vary the magnitude of current supply to the electro magnetic means of the clutch to thereby vary the amount of the frictional engagement of the clutch element sur faces with each other during motor operation 5 Means as defined in claim 4 wherein said electro magnetic means comprises a magnetizing coil mounted stationary in position to generate a magnetic flux flowing axially between the opposing friction engageable surfaces References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2 165 809 Parvin July 11 1939 2 568 808 Johanson Sept 25 1951 2 591 693 Gatesy _ Apr 3 1952 2 661 945 Hamilton EES Dec 8 1953 2 686 577 Hoppenjans Aug 17 1954 2 729 318 Hatter 22 2 ase SE Jan 3 1956
20. drive from the driving to the driven element through facial engagement of surfaces normal to the axis of shaft rota tion and because the driving force which will be de veloped depends almost directly on the facial pressure exerted between such surfaces It is further noted that the provision of the friction material inserts or blocks 61 carried by the field element 55 serve to produce a fric tional contact of such nature that when slip is 0 occur by exerting a sufficient holding force against the driven element such slip will be a smooth sliding action generally devoid of chatter jerks and other objectionable irregularities of drive Furthermore such inserts or blocks are replaceable on occasion by simple operations As one example of such a clutch as just described and which will respond to the conditions outlined hereinbe fore I refer to the clutches manufactured by the Warner Electric Brake amp Clutch Company of Beloit Wisconsin and shown in their Service Manual for electric sta tionary field clutch couplings Models 160 250 400 which manual carries Form No WEB 6174 However I do not intend to limit myself to these particular manu factures of clutches nor to any other particular manufac ture or form thereof except that the clutches shall re spond to the requirements hereinbefore explained and as I may limit myself in the claims to follow The circui
21. e clutch elements said current supply connections being constituted for supply of current to the electro magnetic means of the clutch only during supply of current to the motor the clutch element surfaces being in driving en gagement with each other only while current is being sup plied to the electro magnetic means cf the clutch and means to vary the magnitude of current supply to the electro magnetic means of the clutch to thereby vary the amount of the frictional engagement of the clutch element surfaces with each other during motor operation 2 Means as defined in claim 1 wherein said electro magnetic means comprises a magnetizing coil mounted stationary in position to generate a magnetic flux flowing axially between the opposing friction engageable surfaces 3 Means as defined in claim 1 together with a sta tionary abutment located in the line of door travel and at the door closed position and wherein the connections for supply of current to the motor include a limit switch for the door closed position of the door said limit switch having a current on position and a current off position and cooperating parts on the door and said limit switch said parts being formed for erigagement at the door closed position with the door in close proximity to the abutment and for disengagement when the door is at other than said door closed position and said switch and said parts being constituted for movement of the switch to the current off
22. ed portion of a door operating unit including the clutch element which embodies the features herein de scribed and this figure also shows the limit switch for the door closed position Figure 2 shows a cross section taken substantially on the line 2 2 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows and this figure shows a longitudinal or side elevation of the clutch and adjacent parts Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through the clutch and adjacent parts illustrated in Figure 2 and is 5 also a section taken substantially on the lines 3 3 of Figures 1 4 5 6 7 and 8 looking in the directions of the arrows Figure 4 shows a front elevation on reduced scale as compared to previous figures showing the left hand por tion door closed portion of a cell door and the left hand abutment or pilaster structure with a portion of the structure cut away to reduce the height of the figure and in this figure the cell door is in closed position against the pilaster and the limit switch has functioned to cut off current to the motor and clutch Figure 5 shcws a cross section through the clutch ele ment substantially on the line 5 5 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows and this figure shows the exciting field producing element Figure 6 shows a cross section through the clutch ele ment substantially on the line 6 6 of Figure 3 look ing in the direction of the arrows and this figure shows the engaging
23. erally flange form is secured to the shaft 19 being provided with a rightwardly extending sleeve portion 56 directly mounted on the shaft and keyed thereto by the key 57 Accordingly rotation of such field element must be ac companied by shaft rotation in the same direction This field element s flange is provided with an encircling re cess or groove 58 see Figures 3 and 6 which faces the smooth face of the armature flange 53 This encircling or annular recess provides the inner and outer narrow fianges 59 and 69 which may be directly engaged by the surface of the armature element when that element is shifted slightly rightwardly under magnetic attraction Or preferably a number of friction blocks of segmental form 61 may be seated into the recess and secured in place by rivets 62 such friction blocks being of slightly greater depth than the flanges 59 and 66 so that when magnetic attraction between the flanges and the arma ture surface element 53 occurs the friction material blocks will come into firm engagement with the arma ture surface before engagement occurs between the flanges 59 and 69 and the armature Accordingly the drive between the armature and field elements will be produced frictionally through the medium of the friction 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 8 blocks Also since no actual metal to metal engage ment occurs between the flanges 59 and 60 and the sur face of the armature element 53 there is produ
24. erally irreversible that is cannot be driven through force ap plied to its driven end The foregoing objections to such arrangements as are disclosed in that earlier application are supplemented by the following further feature In such installations as are provided with individual driving motors it is customary and generally necessary to provide limit switches adjacent to the door closed and door open limited positions These switches are so constituted and so related to the door structure or ele ments carried thereby that when the door reaches its in tended limit of movement the corresponding limit switch is operated thus cutting off current from the motor and from the clutch which clutch is then moved to its dis connected position by such spring But such dimit switch will not thus function until the door reaches its intended limited movement position Therefore in case of presence of an obstruction or human body between the door edge and the abutment or pilaster at the door closed position so that complete door closing movement could not be effected it is seen that the door closed limit switch would not function and current would not be cut off from the motor and clutch Thus the provision of such limit switch at the door closed position would not serve as a protection against the continuance of cur rent delivery to the motor nor against continuance of the clutch engagement It is
25. ered or locked position of the vertical locking bar and the raised or unlocked position of such vertical locking bar I have also shown the panel 65 70 that under the excessive pull developed when the door is stopped by some obstacle the Clutch will slip and con tinue ito slip as Jong as such obstacle is present between thecdooredge and the abutment His further noted at this point that signal means are 75 board 77 for the door unit in question the same being provided with the Open Push Button 78 which when pushed serves to bring into operation relays to start the motor close the clutch and ensure motor operation in direction for door opening and being provided with the Close Push Button 79 which when pushed serves to bring into operation relays to start the motor close the clutch and ensure motor operation in direction for door closing This panel board is also provided with the Stop Push Button 80 which when pushed serves to stop the operations immediately as when an emergency arises 2 853 291 11 during a door movement operation This panel board is also provided with the Disconnect Switch 81 whereby current supply to the complete unit is terminated In this figure I have also shown a relay panel board 82 which carries suitable relays to control the starting of the motor in proper direction corresponding to the button
26. etic path Since the magnetic attraction between the field and armature ele ments is proportional to the product of their strengths and since the strengths of both elements of the field are the same it follows that the attraction under the con ditions existing in the clutch herein disclosed will be generally proportional to the square of the supplied current I have provided means to adjust the value of that current to meet the operating conditions of the present installation as will presently appear The fol lowing comments are pertinent to a determination of what that current and the holding power of the clutch should be It tis desired that the holding power of the clutch shall be sufficient to ensure dependable operation ofthe door for controlling sand operating devices but not suf ficient to cause serious harm to objects which may be present between the door edge 73 and the abutment or pilaster 15 Figure 4 Assuming that the door is in its fully opened and locked open position the vertical locking bar sis lowered As the door closing operation commences pull is exerted on the chain 20 towards the left on the lower chain run thus pulling on the rod 24 and compressing the spring 25 to some extent This pull will urge the slide bar 21 22 leftwardly sto take 10 provided for g
27. iving to the attendant or guard a signal When the door is actually closed and brought to its locked closed condition Accordingly when such signal fails to respond after the usual lapse of time needed for door closing the attendant may come to such door examine it and if needed remove any obstacle which he finds in place to prevent the complete door closing movement It is found that clutches of the type herein illustrated admirably perform all of the required functions and 10 15 20 25 30 up the lost motion prior to commencing leftward door closing movement This leftward movement of the slide bar will cause the cam edge 34 to raise the locking bar said eam edge being then in its rightward or door epen position not illustrated in Figures 1 and 4 As soon as the locking bar has thus been raised to the door unloeking position the continued leftward travel of the slide bar under such pull of the chain s lower run will produce door closing movementtunder tension sufficient to meet the requirements of frictional resistance inertia vinsstarting the door sete Here it is noted that either the pull needed to raise the loeking bar through cam action cor the pull needed to cause leftward door movement will be the higher depending on various conditions of design and lubrication etc In any case it is noted that the adjustment of current supply to the clut
28. location such that the left hand end portion of the wing element is retained by such guard against being pushed backwardly or inwardly by force exerted through the opening This guard is of vertical dimension sufficient to accommodate and protect the wing element during full rock of such element so that even when the wing element has been rocked to the raised position it cannot be distorted by pressure exerted through the opening 100 I have also provided a key operated locking element to Shift the wing element between its raised and lowered positions as follows A conventional locking device well known in the jail locking arts 108 is secured to a mounting plate 109 as by welding or the like This locking device is provided with the bolt which when projected fully extends to the line 110 in Figure 10 and when fully withdrawn retracts to the line 111 in said figure This bolt is designated by the numeral 112 Thus the bolt movement is shown by the line 113 in Figure 10 A pin 114 is secured to the face of the bolt and projects towards the cover plate far enough to extend through the transverse slot 115 formed in the wing element This slot is of transverse dimension sufficient to accommodate angularity during the bolt movements and during the swings of the wing This locking device is provided with conventional internal ele ments such as tumblers or other elements needed to en sure proper bolt m
29. locking bar l emb dying Referring first to Figures 1 and 4 I have therein shown the features of my present invention as applied to a typical installation of a cell door To this end I have shown the left hand or door closed end of a sliding door 10 the same being carried by rollers 11 only one of which is shown which are journalled to the upper portion of the door and ride along a trackway 12 carried by the lower and horizontal flange 13 of an angle section 14 The lower edge portion of this door is guided by suit able structural elements not herein shown as they con stitute no portion of the present invention and combina tion of elements The door locking elements are partly shown herein as they constitute no portion of the present invention It may be stated however that in the type of structure to which my present improvements are generally applied such locking arrangements include a vertically movable locking bar carried by the permanent structure and nor mally occupying a lowered position in which the sliding door is lockable in either its closed or its open position This locking bar generally occupies a location close to an abutment or pilaster passing which the door moves during opening and closing movements Such pilaster and vertically movable locking bar are not shown in Figures 1 and 4 as they would occupy position to the right of elements shown in said figures During closing movement the doo
30. ly driving the motor through said gear speed reducer In that earlier application such clutch is of such design that drive be tween the motor and the door operating mechanism or such driving connection will occur at all times during which the clutch is electrically energized to bring its driv ing and driven elements into co ordination Thus in 10 15 20 25 30 40 45 60 65 TO case of presence of an obstacle or a human body such 2 as an arm or a leg between the advancing door edge and the abutment or pilaster at the door closed position an amount of compressive force will be exerted against such obstacle or such human body as will be required to stall the motor under the current supply conditions then obtaining Such compressive force will generally be severe so that serious bodily injury to the individual might be produced and additionally the stalling of the motor with full voltage being applied thereto would probably result in serious damage or burning out of the motor even in cases where such protective elements as fuses might be provided for protection against such an emergency It is also to be noted that once a compres sive force had been developed against such object the discontinuance of current supply to the motor would not serve to release continuance of such compressive force since such release would require backing up the motor through the gear reducer train which is gen
31. ng wheel drivingly secured to said driving wheel shaft a tension element having one end in tension engagement with the door said tension element being in peripheral tensioning engagement with the driving wheel a clutch including a driving element mounted on the driving wheel shaft for free rotation on said shaft and for movement on 72 858 291 or 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 14 the shaft in axial direction and said clutch lso in luding a driven element mounted on and drivingly secured to said shaft the axial direction movement of the driving element being towards and away from the driven element driving connections from the output sh ft of the gear re ducer to the driving clutch element both of said clutch elements being provided with opposing friction engage able surfaces lying in planes normal to the axis of the driving wheel shaft said clutch element surfaces being in frictional driving engagement with each other during clutch drive and being disengaged from each other at times other than during clutch drive electro magn tic means to drivingly engage said clutch element surfaces for drive of the driving wheel in direction to tension the tension element for door movement connections for sup ply of current simultaneously to the motor and to the electro magnetic means of the clutch for simultaneous operation of the motor and driving engagement of th
32. ngly by manually rotating this shaft in either direction when the current is off either by failure of supply or by opening of the switch such manual rotation of this shaft produces the desired operations Such shaft extends normal to the face of the protective cover which encloses the clutch and various other elements I have therefore provided an opening in such cover in alignment with such shaft so that when manual operation is to be produced a suitable hand grip element may be set onto the end of the shaft exposed through such opening such hand grip element being outside of the enclosure and then the rotaticn in proper direction may be conveniently produced I have also provided a movable cover plate adjacent to the inside face of the enclosure at the location of such open ing which cover plate may be shifted between a normally closed position in which the opening is closed against insertion of the hand grip element or any other tool and an open position in which such opening is uncovered I have also provided a key locking device for effecting shift of such cover plate between its two positions so that the opening can be uncovered only by use of a proper key Other objects and uses of the invention will appear from a detailed description of the same which consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed In the drawings Figure 1 shows a front face view of the upper door clos
33. ovements for a key individual to such locking device The key opening is shown at 116 in Figure 10 and a conventional escutcheon plate 117 is secured to the face of the cover plate as shown in Fig ure 10 With the foregoing arrangement it is seen that when the lock 108 is key operated to project the bolt the wing is lowered fully to cover and protect the opening 100 and the bolt is locked in such projected position Thus the uncovering of the opening 100 requires the use of the proper key to withdraw the bolt rightwardly thus raising the wing element to expose the opening 100 for insertion of the hand grip element for manual operation of the shaft 19 I claim 1 A cell door installation of the linear door movement type and means to operate and control the operation of said door comprising in combination a planar cell door for separating a confinement area from a non confinement area means to support said door permitting back and forth movement of the door in the plane of said door be tween a door closed and a door open position a reversible motor individual to said door means to mount said motor a gear reducer having an input shaft and an output shaft a driving connection from the motor to the input shaft aforesaid a driving wheel shaft means to journal said shaft for rotation about an axis substantially normal to the plane of the door one end of said shaft being at the non confinement area and accessible at said area a driv i
34. r flange of the element 61a and the proximate right hand surface of the element 55 to prevent the clements 61a and 55 from being drawn into direct metal to metal engagement under magnetic attraction when the coil 64 is energized The energization of the coil 64 will serve to mag netize the element 55 by induction and without frictional engagement between the parts It wil be seen that the path of flux between the various elements will be as folows From the flange 67 of the element 61a to and through the flange 60 of the element 55 to the face of the armature element 53 By providing the overlap between the flange 67 of the element 61a and the outer surface of the element 55 there is induced a direct fiow of flux to the flange 60 and thence to the face of the armature element by a short path If desired the flange portion of the element 55 may be formed by non magnetic material between the flanges 59 and 69 such flanges however being of magnetic material so that any mag 50 55 60 70 75 netic short circuiting tendency between said flanges 59 and 69 will be greatly reduced and the flux strength de livered to the face of the armature plate will be cor respondingly increased In this connection too the pro vision of the rightwardly extending flange 66 of the field element reaching into the annular recess 65 of the coil element will tend to induce direct flow of flux in such manner as to strengthen the flux delivered
35. r s left hand edge comes to or close to the vertical abutment or pilaster 15 see Figure 4 at which position the door is normally locked closed in Figure 4 I have also shown a flange or bar 16 carried by the lower edge of the door and which is provided with a notch 17 in its lower edge A suitable latch engages with this notch when the door is in its fully opened position to retain the door in such open position This latch is connected to and moved by the vertical movements of the vertically movable locking bar to produce the desired locking of the lower edge of the door at the extremes of door movement The opening and closing movements of the door are directly produced in the following manner A sprocket wheel 18 is mounted on a shaft 19 located somewhat to the left of the leftward extreme of door movement This shaft is suitably journalled as will be presently described A companion sprocket wheel or idler is journailed to the structure at a location some what rightwardly of the fuliy opened door right hand edge such sprocket not being herein shown in order to shorten the figures A chain or other tension element 20 passes over both of the sprockets and lias its ends driv ingly connected to the upper left hand and right hand corners of the door through suitable instrumentalities which need not be illustrated or described herein How ever these include a slide bar lost motion element which includes the bar 21 conveniently in the form
36. red to the shaft as shown in Figure 3 Conveniently such securing is produced by use of the flanged block 50 keyed to the shaft 19 by the key 51 The ring sprocket element 52 is then set onto the shouldered portion of such block 50 and secured in place by the screws as indicated Thus the shaft 19 and sprocket wheel element 18 are locked together and rotate or stand idle as a unit A similar structure is shown in connection with the sprocket wheel 42 Inm this case however the flanged block 53 which carries the sprocket wheel ring is mounted for free rotation on the shaft a bearing element 54 being located between such flanged block and the shaft Such bearing element is indicated as a bushing but evidently any suitable type of antifriction bearing might be used such as a ball or roller bearing Accordingly the drive from the sprocket wheel 42 to the shaft 19 is dependent on producing drive from the element 53 which carries the sprocket to the shaft 19 The element 53 may be considered as the armature of a magnetic clutch unit The right hand face of the ele ment 53 especially the flanged portion thereof is smooth and comprises material of good magnetic permeability such as iron or one of the soft magnetic alloys This element 53 is capable of slight shift rightwardly on the shaft amounting to one or a few thousandths of an inch when clutching is to occur and like leftward shift when declutching is to occur A field element 55 of gen
37. rial No 386 231 filed by me October 15 1953 but I wish to make it clear that the present improvements are not to be under stood as limited to that earlier type of construction ex cept as I may limit myself to the same in the claims to follow In order to better understand the present features of invention and their relation to other elements of the in stallation the following statement is in order In that earlier application I have provided for each door a drive motor individual thereto and located sub stantially at tkie location of its door This motor drives a sprocket or other driving element for a tension mem ber through a suitable gear speed reducer if needed and through a clutch element generally of electrically operated type The electric circuits are so constituted that the clutch which is normally disengaged is driving ly engaged when and during the time that current is sup plied to the motor so that during such motor current supplying operation the clutch is also engaged to effect drive to the door operating mechanism In that earlier application such clutch comprises that type in which the driving and driven clutch elements are provided with co operating clutch teeth which are normally disengaged from each other under urge of a spring so that under these conditions the door may be moved back and forth readily under manual force for door opening and or closing and without need of simultaneous
38. such installations This combina tion of parts or elements constitutes an important part of my present invention I have hereinafter illustrated and shall describe one embodiment of such a clutch in the present combination as illustrative of my present invention and as consti tuting a good operating combination of the elements but in so doing I wish it understood that I do not thereby intend to limit myself to this particular embodiment of such a clutch except as I may do so in the claims to follow It is to be noted that when using the type of clutch herein disclosed for the present combination the holding power of the two clutching elements is substantially pro portional to the square of the exciting current assuming that the magnetic elements of the clutch including its iron are being operated at a saturation below the knee of the magnetization curve Accordingly one feature of the present invention includes the provision of means to adjust the magnitude of this exciting current so that the holding power developed by the clutch will always be sufficient to ensure dependable operation under normal door closing operations and to the complete door closed position with corresponding reversal of the limit switch at the door closed position but with assurance that excessive clutch holding power will not be developed Thereby the benefits of both primary operating condi tions will be satisfied Sometimes the door closed limit s
39. t by a properly authorized person I have indicated such an enclosure at 89 in Figure 9 It is to be noted that when the door closed limit switch is actuated by the door itself or by some element connected to the door the mere closing of the door to the switch operating position may not represent completion of the door locking operation That operation depends on the movement of the vertically movable locking bar to its door locked position generally its lowered position In such case a signal may be given by the movement of such locking bar to its door locked position for termination of the current supply to the motor and to the clutch In Figure 12 I have shown a fragmentary view partly in section of the vertical locking bar located adjacent to the right hand end of the door when such door is in its closed position This is the bar 90 The pilaster within which or adjacent to which such bar is located is shown at 91 The right hand upper portion of the door is shown at 92 and the rail 12 on which the door rollers travel is shown at 12 being carried by the flange 13 of the angle bar 14 right hand portions of which are shown in Figure 12 This figure also shows the right hand portion of the slide bar 21 which portion carries the cam element 93 similar to but reversed from the cam element 34 previ ously described The locking bar is provided with the stud 94 reaching towards the observer in Figure 12 and generally provided with a roller
40. t connections needed for operation of the clutch harmoniously with the motor operations for the jail door unit illustrated and to produce the intended oper ations may be designed largely to suit the specifications covering the installation and the views of the designer However fundamentally such connections should be such as to ensure energization of the clutch simultaneously with the supply of current to the motor 36 and to ensure discontinuance of current supply to the clutch simul taneously with discontinuance of current supply to the motor Arrangements embodying these general require ments are disclosed in my aforesaid co pending applica tion Serial No 386 231 However in order to show one circuit arrangement which has been found to be satis factory for use in connection with the clutches herein dis Closed and the combinations of elements previously re ferred to reference may be had to Figure 9 in which I have shown one typical circuit arrangement the same in eluding circuit connections for operation and contro of one cell door installation In Figure 9 I have shown the motor 36 for the unit of the door in guestion the coil 64 for the corresponding clutch the limit switch 27 for the door closed position the limit switch 28 for the door open position and the signal lamp 74 for the door closed position I have also shown the signal lamps 75 and 76 which indicate re spectively the low
41. which has been pushed and various other elements of control Since the current supply is generally A C and since it is desirable to use D C for energization of the clutch coil 64 I have shown in Figure 9 provision for providing D C supply for such clutch coil In the arrangement il lustrated I have shown the full wave rectifier 83 con veniently of the selenium cell type This rectifier has the A C input terminals 84 and 85 which are supplied with A C simultaneously with supply of current to the motor for motor operation in either direction and said rectifier is also provided with the D C terminals 86 and 87 for D C output Said D C output terminals 86 and 87 are connected to the terminals of the clutch coil 64 with a variable resistor 88 included in such circuit so that the current delivered to the clutch coil will thus be adjustable Such adjustment is generally of a more or less permanent nature since it should be made when the equipment is installed and brought into operating condition This ad justment of clutch coil current may thus be effected to ensure reliable operation of the door operating mecha nism according to the principles already set out at length and yet to ensure that the clutch will slip when an ob struction is encountered during the door closing opera tion As a matter of protection from tampering and the like such variable resistor should be enclosed in an en closure which cannot be opened excep
42. witch may be functioned by the movement of the locking element to its door locked position a condition which occurs after the door has actually reached its fully closed position Accordingly I have herein disclosed one arrangement in which such limit switch is caused to function when such locking element has actually moved to its door locked closed position thus ensuring comple tion of all movements needed to produce door closed and locked condition prior to cutting off the motor and clutch current Specifically the presently illustrated embodiment is one in which the door locking is effected by down movement of a vertically movable locking bar and the door closed and locked limit switch is caused to function by the vertical movement of this bar to its door closed locked position A further feature and object of the invention relates to the provision of means to enable convenient manual operation of the door controlling and operating elements when desired or required as when the current supply fails Under such conditions the clutch is de energized and de clutched so that the necessary controlling and 10 30 40 50 e Gr 60 70 4 operating movements may be effected manually without need of driving the motor or the gear speed reducer when one is used In the present embodiment the clutch when clutched drives a shaft which in turn is operatively connected to the proper controlling and operating elements Accordi
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