Square ONE Graphic
Contents
1. Ap 150 10 5 B 06 5 ao 15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 6 Constant Q equaliser wide mode full boost and cut 7156 10 5 a TIT B 70 15 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 7 Constant Q equaliser narrow mode full boost and cut The advantage of Proportional Q equalisation is that the EQ bands are wider at lower amounts of boost and cut They become narrower as greater amounts are applied thus giving the optimum balance of smoothness Square ONE Graphic 27 RLGRE MERI Proportional Q filter response and accuracy over the entire fader travel Extensive listening tests were carried out during the development of the Square ONE Graphic to obtain the optimum response This has resulted in a very musical sounding equaliser that maintains the highest level of accuracy without ever sounding harsh Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the Square ONE Graphic responses for both 2dB and full scale boost and cut Note that the smooth combining of the bands for small amounts of boost and cut is very similar to that of the Constant Q equaliser in its wide mode However as more boost or cut is applied the response becomes sharper giving much more precise control of problem frequencies Ap 300 400 500 600 700 800 9002. Midas Klark Teknik Limited Klark Industrial Park Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcestershire DY11 7HJ England Tel 44 1562 741515 Fax 44 1562 745371 Email info midasklarkteknik com Website www ktsquareone com 2010 Red Chip Company Ltd
3. Rear panel features The rear panel provides the power and audio connections to the Square ONE Graphic You will also find important information such as warnings and cautions power supply and fuse specifications safety and compliance standards markings etc printed on the rear panel Mains supply Mains power is supplied to the Square ONE Graphic by a fused IEC socket on the rear of the unit The Square ONE Graphic contains an auto voltage sensing switching mode power supply that will operate where the nominal mains voltage is in the range 100VAC to 240VAC The correct mains lead for the country to which the unit was shipped is supplied with the unit The mains fuse is located in a fuse drawer directly underneath the mains socket The drawer has two compartments the rear containing the working fuse while the front provides room for a spare Always replace the mains fuse with the same type and rating see Checking replacing the mains fuse on page 35 for details SUPPLY VOLTAGE MQJUNT IN RACK ONLY IEC socket Supply voltage eae fuse g Fuse warning specifications information Fuse drawer Square ONE Graphic 15 RLGRE IAK Other features Audio connections Audio input and output connections to the two channels A and B are electronically balanced and clearly labelled The audio connections for channel B are shown below please refer to Audio connections on page 4 for pin assignments INPUT B Channe
4. 31 Technical specification 32 Frequency chart 33 Crib sheet 34 Service information 35 Routine maintenance 35 Cleaning the unit 35 Checking replacing the mains fuse 39 FLERE TINN ii Square ONE Graphic O Welcome Thank you for purchasing a Klark Teknik Square ONE Graphic graphic equaliser Klark Teknik has conceived the Square ONE range to offer audio professionals a range of easily accessible high performance audio equipment designed to provide no compromise sonic quality with a feature set which offers all essential facilities Your Square ONE Graphic equaliser represents the very best of British design and engineering combined with contemporary efficient manufacturing methods and will give you many years of reliable service The Square ONE Graphic is a dual 30 band third octave graphic equaliser It incorporates long throw 45 mm faders and has high and low pass filters on each channel All backed up of course by the standard Klark Teknik three year warranty Please take the time to complete and return the registration card or fill in the Warranty Registration Form online by visiting our website at www ktsquareone com and to obtain the best results with a minimum of effort also read this operators manual Finally enjoy your Klark Teknik Square ONE Graphic Square ONE Graphic 1 KLORE MERE Safety precautions Safety precautions Before installing setting up or operating this equipment please ensure th
5. Effects of equalisation Effects of equalisation Effects of equalisation on voice reproduction 1 3 Octave Centre Frequency Effect On Voice 40 50 63 80 100 125 Sense of power in some outstanding bass singers 160 200 250 Voice fundamentals 315 400 500 Important for voice quality 630 800 1k Important for voice naturalness Too much boost in the 315 to 1k range produces a telephone like quality 1k25 to 4k Vocal fricatives Accentuation and clarity of voice Important to speech intelligibility Too much boost between 2kHz and 4kHz can mask certain speech sounds for example m b and v which can become indistinguishable Too much boost anywhere between 1kHz and 4kHz can produce listener fatigue Vocals can be highlighted by slightly boosting vocals at 3kHz whilst simultaneously slightly cutting instruments at that frequency 5k 6k3 8k Accentuation and clarity of voice 10k 12k5 16k Too much boost causes sibilance sss KLARE VENNI 22 Square ONE Graphic 6 Effects of equalisation Effects of equalisation on music reproduction 1 3 Octave Centre Frequency Effect On Music 31 40 50 63 Fundamentals of bass drum tuba bass and organ These give music a sense of power but excessive use can leave the sound muddy Mains Hum 50 60Hz 80 100 125 Too much boost produces boom Fundamentals of tympani and toms Higher harmonics of mains hum 100 120Hz 160 200 250 Drum and lo
6. e Check controls for freedom of operation As the controls are self cleaning this operation will help to prevent them from sticking Check functionality of all controls that is faders pushbuttons LEDs etc e Check functionality of equipment Cleaning the unit Switch off the unit and electrically isolate it from the mains before cleaning Clean the unit using a dry lint free cloth Do not use harsh abrasives or solvents When cleaning the unit take great care not to damage faders pushbuttons etc Checking replacing the mains fuse The equipment must be independently isolated from the mains voltage supply before any attempt is made to change or check the protective fuse The fuse and its cover must always be replaced before the equipment is reconnected to the mains voltage supply Only use the correct replacement type when changing the fuse Fuse specification is printed on the rear cover To remove the fuse pull out the fuse drawer see Mains supply on page 15 Then prise out the fuse from the furthest compartment the nearest compartment is for a spare fuse a small flat bladed screwdriver may be useful for this Insert new or existing fuse in the furthest fuse compartment and close drawer After replacing a fuse check that the unit is working properly Square ONE Graphic 35 RLBRK MERE Service information KLORE TIANI 36 Square ONE Graphic KL SIGNA l ERIK L PROCESSING BY DEFINITION
7. wiring details Square ONE Graphic 9 RLGRE MERE Connecting to unbalanced equipment Ideally you will be making the best use of the Square ONE Graphic s low noise high headroom balanced inputs by connecting to similarly balanced equipment However if you do have to connect to unbalanced devices the following wiring is recommended for best results see Figure 3 Connect the ve pin 2 of the balanced connection to the ve terminal on the unbalanced connector Connect the ve pin 3 of the balanced connection to the common ground terminal on the unbalanced connector Connect the ground pin 1 of the balanced connection to the common ground terminal on the unbalanced connector Male XLR Ring Tip d Sleeve Female 2 1 so Tip O Male XLR Ring Sleeve 2 1 l 9 930 3 e Female XLR Figure 3 Insert send return 1 4 TRS connector XLRs wiring details Powering up the unit To power up the unit switch on the power at the mains power outlet The POWER LED on the front of the unit will illuminate to indicate that power is on Your unit is now ready to operate KLORE TIAN 10 Square ONE Graphic 6 Front panel quick reference Front panel quick reference The Klark Teknik Square ONE Graphic is a dual 30 band third octave graphic equaliser Low pass filter switch with LED on off Channel A indicator above 45 mm faders BYPASS filter switch with
8. LED on off indicator above 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 Ik Ik25 1k6 2k 2k5 B3k15 4k Sk 6k3 8k 10k 12k5 16k E e r GAIN rotary Level metering with control knob Ch SIGNAL and CLIP LED annel B on off indicators High pass filter switch with LED on off indicator above POWER on off indicator illuminates to show power is on Square ONE Graphic 11 KLORE TERMIK Rear panel quick reference Rear panel quick reference NIM 1 MEKIE DESIGNED AND ENGINEERED IN ENGLAND ASSEMBLED IN CHINA SUPPLY INPUT B VOLTAGE 00 2 e e Fi 2i TBOOMA L250V TO REDUCE RISK OF FIRE REPLACE WITH SAME TYPE OF FUSE MOUNT IN RACK ONLY Mains power socket and fuse compartment Channels A and B input and output audio connections comprising a male and a female XLR socket each with a 1 4 TRS balanced jack socket ELORE TERMIK 12 Square ONE Graphic 6 Front panel features Front panel features The Klark Teknik Square ONE Graphicis a dual channel 30 band third octave analogue graphic equaliser In addition to the graphic equaliser itself high and low pass filters are provided per channel and an equaliser in out switch to bypass the effect of the equaliser and filter stages Power is supplied to the unit via the rear panel an LED on the front panel provides power on off indication Signal level The Square ONE Graphic provides a SIGNAL and a CLIP LED per channel fo
9. when an artist is using different instruments during a show LEDS above the filter pushbuttons ensure that the filter status is always visible at a glance High and low pass filters allow the frequency limits to be accurately controlled for each output This last feature while very useful for conventional wedge monitors really comes into its own when combining in ear and wedge monitors allowing the response of each monitor subsystem to be tailored to the artist s requirements High pass filter HPF High pass filters HPFs on graphic equalisers are used to remove unwanted subsonic frequencies traditionally about 30Hz The HPF on the Square ONE Graphic is set at 80Hz If using your Square ONE Graphic with a large speaker system you will almost certainly be using an active crossover which should provide appropriate subsonic protection In this case leave the HPF out of circuit When using more compact loudspeakers use the 80Hz knee of the Square ONE Graphic s HPF for maximising their headroom and efficiency If using your Square ONE Graphic with monitor foldback loudspeakers that have an extended bass response the HPF can still be used in fact useful results can be obtained by pending the knee of the HPF by boosting the 63Hz fader on the Square ONE Graphic Low pass filter LPF The Square ONE Graphic s low pass filter LPF is fixed at 12kHz This is optimal for stage monitoring applications both loudspeaker and in ear moni
10. 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 8 Square ONE Graphic response 2dB boost and cut KLORE TIANI 28 Square ONE Graphic 6 Proportional Q filter response mo 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 9 Square ONE Graphic response full boost and cut In addition to the graphic equaliser section the Square ONE Graphic also provides high pass and low pass filters These can be used to enhance the intelligibility of wedge monitors by cutting out extraneous low and high frequency noise and therefore allowing higher SPLs to be used Square ONE Graphic 29 KLORE MERE Balanced unbalanced audio Balanced unbalanced audio Balancing refers to the type of input or output signal connections in an audio system These connections are specifically designed to reject external noise for example from mains wiring and internal interference from adjacent signal cables Unlike unbalanced lines which are more susceptible to noise balancing is especially useful when long cable runs are used between pieces of eguipment and can also provide other benefits including an increase in line signal level and a decreased possibility of ground loops Balanced connections are typically employed on long cable runs for example to amplifiers or for cables carrying sensitive or low level signals for example mics A balanced line typically employs connectors of the XLR and 1 4 TRS jack plug types The basic princip
11. Requirements Frequency 50Hz to 60Hz Consumption lt 25W Dimensions Height 133 mm 5 25 3U high Width 483 mm 19 Depth 200 mm 7 7 3 Weight Net 4 4 kg Shipping 5 4 kg BS EN ISO 266 1997 Frequency Centres The ISO standard frequencies Hz 25 31 5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1 00k 1 25k 1 60k 2 00k 2 50k 3 15k 4 00k 5 00k 6 30k 8 00k 10 0k 12 5k 16 0k 20 0k Due to a policy of continual improvement Klark Teknik reserves the right to alter the function or specification at any time without notice KLORE TIANI 32 Square ONE Graphic Freguency chart Freguency chart Hz 25 31 5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 3k15 4k 5k 6k3 8k 10k 12k5 16k 20k C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C PIANO LARGE PIPE ORGAN VIOLIN VIOLA SS CELLO es DOUBLE BASS A PICCOLO ee u q qu8 guu OBOE 3a BASSOON TRUMPET Note This information is provided E TROMBONE X as a rough guide to the range EE TUBA of fundamental frequencies used by various common xaa SOPRANO instruments In addition to these various amounts of higher harmonic content will BARITONE also be produced es CONTRALTO BASS SNARE amp TOMS BASS DRUM DRUM KIT BASS DRUM SNARE TOM
12. S GUITAR A aA sm on Square 1 Graphic HIGH PASS FILTER Square 1 Graphic LOW PASS FILTER gt e g 2 x xx o x x e TL xx o o N a o 25 1k 31 5 12k5 35 16k 20k Hz 400 500 630 800 1k25 1k6 2k 2k5 3k15 Square ONE Graphic 33 KLORE TIENI Crib sheet Q BYPASS RLARK EHI O BYPASS BLERK TEIN Location Date SIGNAL PROCESSING BY DEFINITION Appl ication 12 9 GAIN BYPASS od Le 12 25 315 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 Ik 1k25 Ikb 2k 2k5 3k15 4k Sk 6k3 8k 10k 12k5 l k 20k 12 GAIN C BYPASS 0e RLARK EHI KLERKR TENNI Location Date SIGNAL PROCESSING BY DEFINITION Application KLORE TIANI 34 Square ONE Graphic 6 Service information Service information The service manual for this equipment is available for purchase Please contact your local distributor for details Routine maintenance To help keep your Square ONE Graphic unit in good working order and to make sure it gives you optimum performance we recommend that you carry out the following about once every month Clean the unit as detailed in Cleaning the unit on page 35
13. at you have read and fully understand all of this section and the CIMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS at the front of this manual This equipment is supplied by a mains voltage that can cause electric shock injury The following special limitations must be observed in order to maintain safety and electromagnetic compatibility performance Safety warnings This equipment is fitted with a 3 pin power socket For safety reasons the earth lead must not be disconnected Signal OV is connected internally to the chassis To completely disconnect this equipment from the AC mains unplug the mains lead from the power outlet Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects filled with liquids such as vases are placed on the equipment To prevent shock or fire hazard do not expose the equipment to rain or moisture To avoid electrical shock do not remove covers Refer servicing to qualified personnel only The power supplies even the DC ones have a high current General precautions The following information gives basic safety precautions that should be observed to reduce the risk of fire electric shock and personal injury Only properly trained service personnel familiar with this manual and with the generally applicable safety regulations should service the equipment Safety instructions detailed in the manual should be understood and properly implemented In the event of ground loop proble
14. cts of the room for example lengthy reverberation which may need to be rectified before trying to equalise the room It may also be worthwhile using a sine tone sweep so that problems at certain frequencies which may not be immediately noticeable with pink noise can be detected and corrected before equalisation Especially check the system s crossover points as these may reveal problems with the system Note that poor coverage cannot be rectified through the use of equalisation When you are satisfied with the basic system performance equalisation can begin Equalisation using an RTA The measurement microphone should ideally have a flat response or be calibrated to the RTA and placed in a sensible position where it will not be affected by nearby objects that may interfere with the local acoustics such as within one metre of a rear or side wall or in a balcony opening Using the RTA and a pink noise source adjust the level of the frequency bands on the graphic equaliser inversely to that shown on the RTA display Do it so that the peaks in frequency response are reduced to the level of the other bands and conversely the deficient bands are increased You will need to perform the test ata reasonable level approaching normal usage volume so that the equalisation can take into account the response of the loudspeakers at normal operating level versus low level It may also be desirable to take measurements at points throughout the area Al
15. e Q of the EQ bands remains constant larger amounts of boost or cut will affect an increasingly wide range of frequencies thus limiting the precision and usefulness of the equaliser Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the responses of a leading Constant Q equaliser in both its wide and narrow modes of operation for 2dB of boost and cut which is typical of the small adjustments made in corrective EQ applications The wide response gives a very smooth combined response for the three bands shown However the narrow response shows significant ripple in the combined response which will lead to audible artefacts such as phase distortion Square ONE Graphic 25 KLORE TERMIK Proportional Q filter response wa 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 4 Constant Q equaliser wide mode 2dB boost and cut 15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1k 2k 3k 4k Hz Figure 5 Constant Q equaliser narrow mode 2dB boost and cut While the wide response is obviously preferable for small amounts of boost and cut Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the problem that occurs with using this response for full boost and cut Here far more of the audio spectrum is affected due to each band being broader as a consequence of maintaining the same Q value KLORE TIANI 26 Square ONE Graphic 6 Proportional Q filter response
16. e of the system is likely to result in a reduction in the life of high frequency components in the loudspeaker while not achieving a significant improvement in the frequency response There are occasions where deficiencies in room acoustics cannot be corrected by equalisation For example bass reduction due to phase cancellation or the cancellation around the crossover point of a loudspeaker must be corrected before the use of equalisation KLORE TIAN 18 Square ONE Graphic 6 Using the Square ONE Graphic Live use monitors Monitors used on stage often need equalisation to remove any peaks in their frequency response in order to prevent feedback from on stage microphones where those frequencies exceed the maximum gain before feedback level Further equalisation may be required to remove similar peaks from the characteristics of the microphones in use A monitor engineer may use an RTA to detect these peaks but more often than not monitor engineers have a developed sense of hearing that enables them to remove these frequencies by ear The Square ONE Graphic s 30 EQ bands allow a majority of feedback to be removed from the monitors High and low pass filters are provided that can be used to remove high frequency feedback and bass rumble or over excursion of bass drivers It may also be undesirable to have large amounts of bass in the on stage monitors In vocal monitors bass does not assist projection of vocals and can make the stage sound
17. et provided with a protective earth contact The electrical supply at the socket outlet must provide appropriate over current protection Both the mains supply and the quality of earthing must be adequate for the equipment Before connecting up the equipment check that the mains power supply voltage rating corresponds with the local mains power supply and that the mains fuse is of the correct type and rating Ideally a cool area is preferred not in close proximity to power distribution equipment or other potential sources of interference Do not install the equipment in places of poor ventilation Do not install this equipment in a location subjected to excessive heat dust or mechanical vibration Allow for adequate ventilation around the equipment making sure that its fans and vents are not obstructed To prevent excessive heating of the equipment avoid mounting it directly above power amplifiers or other devices that radiate significant amounts of heat such as radiators and heaters Keep the equipment out of direct sunlight Where necessary use fan cooled racks Do not place equipment in an unstable condition where it might accidentally fall over Make sure that the mains voltage and fuse rating information of the equipment will be visible after installation Do not use the equipment in the vicinity of electrical devices such as computer monitors or mobile phones which may generate electrical noise Audio connections To ensure t
18. he correct and reliable operation of your Square ONE Graphic only high quality balanced screened twisted pair audio cable should be used XLR connector shells should be of metal construction so that they provide a screen when connected to the unit and should have Pin 1 connected to the cable screen Radio frequency interference Class B device This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to KLORE TIANI 4 Square ONE Graphic 6 Safety precautions radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the eguipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV tec
19. hnician for help Electric fields Caution In accordance with Part 15 of the FCC Rules 8 Regulations changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Should this product be used in an electromagnetic field that is amplitude modulated by an audio frequency signal 20Hz to 20kHz the signal to noise ratio may be degraded Degradation of up to 60dB at a frequency corresponding to the modulation signal may be experienced under extreme conditions 3V m 90 modulation Operation To avoid electrical shock never operate the equipment with the covers removed Safety equipment Never remove for example covers housings or any other safety guards Do not operate the equipment or any of its parts if safety guards are ineffective or their effectiveness has been reduced Optional equipment Unless advised otherwise optional equipment must only be installed by service personnel and in accordance with the appropriate assembly and usage regulations Special accessories To comply with part 15 of the FCC Rules any special accessories that is items that cannot be readily obtained from multiple retail outlets supplied with this equipment must be used with this equipment do not use any alternatives as they may not fulfil the RF requirement Square ONE Graphic 5 KLORE MERE EEE Features The Square ONE Graphic 1 3 octave analog
20. ignal is also known as ve and out of phase KLORE VENA 30 Sguare ONE Graphic Square ONE Graphic application notes Square ONE Graphic application notes Front of house Monitors The graphic EQ filters of the Square ONE Graphic have been carefully selected to allow tonal correction with a minimum of ripple between adjacent bands While at the same time the proportional Q nature of the filters ensures that in the event of acoustic feedback a tightly focussed cut response is instantly available just by moving the fader The 12dB 45 mm long throw faders provide superb control resolution and excellent visibility of control settings The high and low pass filters allow the frequency extremes to be matched to the capabilities of the loudspeaker system in use leaving all the graphic EQ faders available for acoustic management of the music Positive in out switching for all the filter sections is combined with LEDs to give instant at a glance status indication The design of the graphic filters with carefully selected Proportional Q responses ensures that problem frequencies can be attenuated quickly and effectively Long throw faders allow excellent control resolution even when using all of the available 12dB of attenuation Interaction with adjacent bands is minimised ensuring that more of the musical content is preserved The filter pushbutton switches allow the filters to be switched easily in and out for example
21. illed with liquids such as vases are placed on the equipment 17 The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily operable Klark Teknik EC Declaration of Conformity The undersigned representing the following manufacturer Manufacturer Address Midas Klark Teknik Limited Klark Industrial Park Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcestershire DY11 7HJ hereby declares that the following product Product Type Number Product Description Nominal Voltage s Current Freq Square ONE Graphic Graphic Equaliser 115V AC 314mA 50 60Hz 230V AC 155 2mA is in conformity with the regulations of the following marked EC directive s and bears the C mark accordingly Reference Number Title 2004 108 EC EMC Directive EMC 2006 95 EC Low Voltage Directive LVD The conformity of the product with EC Directives for use in environments E1 E2 E3 and E4 is provided by the compliance with the following standards Standards date Reference Number Title EN50081 1 Generic Standard Using EN55103 Limits and Methods EN55103 Class B Conducted Emissions PAVI EN55103 Class B Radiated Emissions PAVI EN61000 3 3 2000 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker EN61000 3 2 1995 Harmonic Current Emissions EN60065 2002 Electrical Safety Place date Kidderminster UK 15th April 2010 General Manager AVP Product Development Printed name John Oakley Printed name Alex Cooper og Contents Welcome Safety precautions Safety war
22. ized or grounding type plug A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet 10 Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance servicing instructions in the literature accompanying the product 11 Only use attachments accessories specified by the manufacturer 12 Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time 13 Refer all servicing to qualified personnel Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way such as power supply cord or plug is damaged liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture does not operate normally or has been dropped 14 Use the mains plug to disconnect the apparatus from the mains 15 Warning To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock do not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture 16 Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and ensure that no objects f
23. l B Male XLR output Female XLR input 1 4 TRS balanced 1 4 TRS balanced jack socket output jack socket input Audio inputs The audio inputs comprise two parallel connected series AA female XLR chassis connectors and two 1 4 TRS balanced jack sockets Audio outputs The audio outputs comprise two parallel connected series AA male XLR chassis connectors and two 1 4 TRS balanced jack sockets Other features Power off bypass relays The Square ONE Graphic incorporates a fail safe hardware bypass to prevent audible thumps when the unit is switched off or if any of its internal power rails should fail The bypass comprises relays that directly connect the inputs and outputs of each channel The relays disconnect the outputs and switch to bypass every time the unit is switched off or on power rail failure On power up the unit waits for about one second before the relays are switched This gives enough time for the power rails to rise and the circuits to stabilise to allow normal operation of the unit ELARG TERMIK 16 Square ONE Graphic 6 Example of system connection Example of system connection gt 8 Amplifiers gt amp Amplifiers ped EQUALISER Centre Cluster Delay FoH Delay FoH Stage Monitors X Over amp Amplifiers mj X Over 8 Amplifiers Monitor Console Delay Line FOH Console Sguare ONE Graphic 17 RLBRK MERE Using
24. le of balanced interconnection is the cancelling out of any electrical noise by means of a three cable connection to achieve the reguired signal Two of the cables called hot and cold are used to carry signals and the third is a grounded shield that surrounds the hot and cold cables An unbalanced connection only has two cables one of which the grounded shield is also used for signal return As the hot and cold cables are of egual voltage and the same source impedance but of opposite polarity when they are subtracted any noise voltages caused by interference and noise pick up appearing identically on both cables is cancelled out the difference between them being the resultant signal However in practice the electrical noise on both cables will never be identical and the degree to which it is reduced is measured by the common mode rejection ratio CMRR The electronically balanced input and output connections of the Sguare ONE Graphic have the benefit of high common mode rejection CMR which eliminates externally induced interference such as mains hum etc CMR is the ability of a balanced input to reject the part of the incoming signal that has the same amplitude and opposite phase on both input terminals referenced to ground As a specification CMR is usually stated as a dB ratio called CMRR at a given freguency Note On balanced circuits the hot signal is also known as ve and in phase while the cold s
25. les This section gives the connection details for balanced unbalanced O and unbalanced inserts For more details on balancing see Balanced unbalanced audio on page 30 Balanced I O For balanced O connect the audio cables as shown below Male XLR Female XLR INPUT B e Pin 1 Pin 1 Screen Ground Screen Ground Pin 3 Cold signal Pin 3 Cold signal Pin 2 Hot signal Pin 2 Hot signal Unbalanced I O For unbalanced O connect the audio cables as shown below Male XLR Female XLR INPUT B e Pin 1 Pin 1 Screen Ground Screen Ground not connected at not connected at unbalanced end unbalanced end Pin 3 Ground at Pin 3 Ground at unbalanced end unbalanced end Pin 2 Hot signal Pin 2 Hot signal ELORE TERMIK 8 Square ONE Graphic 6 Getting started Unbalanced inserts For unbalanced inserts connect the audio cables as shown in Figure 2 below Figure 1 shows the construction of a 1 4 TRS connector Sleeve ground shield Tip send out Ring return in Note Connect insert send with input and insert return with output of effects device Figure 1 Insert send return 1 4 TRS connector details Ring KEbDTip Tip NN Sleeve Sleeve I Tip Sleeve O Tip send Tip ao O Sleeve ground shield Ring Sleeve O Tip return O Sleeve ground shield Figure 2 Insert send return 1 4 TRS connectors
26. may be necessary to use the gain to make up or attenuate the signal Square ONE Graphic 13 KLARK EONO Front panel features Filters The high and low pass filters on each channel both have an on off pushbutton switch and yellow LED that illuminates to indicate that the filter is in operation Both filters are fixed and have a 12 dBu octave roll off characteristic The corner frequencies of the filters that is 80Hz on the high pass filter and 12kHz on the low pass filter have been selected to match the typical low and high end responses respectively of monitor wedges in applications where they are being driven full range to aid intelligibility and allow higher gain before feedback To audition the effect of the filters just switch them on or off and note the effect LEDs for on off filter indication BYPASS filter R Low pass filter ushbutton bypasses High pass filter g any active thers pushbutton cuts off pusnibutton ee off frequencies below requencies above 80Hz 12kHz BYPASS switch Each channel has BYPASS pushbutton on off switch with red LED that illuminates to indicate a bypass condition When switched on the BYPASS switch bypasses the input gain and graphic equalisation POWER on off LED The blue POWER LED on the front panel illuminates to indicate that mains power is applied to the unit The unit does not have a power on off switch KLORE TIANI 14 Square ONE Graphic D Rear panel features
27. ms disconnect the signal screen at one end of the connecting cables Note that this can only be done when the equipment is used within a balanced system Never operate damaged equipment and never operate equipment with damaged cables Any part that is damaged should be properly repaired or replaced This must be done by a fully trained and authorised service engineer Observe all warnings cautions etc on any part of the equipment Do not remove hide or deface any warnings or cautions KLORE TIAN 2 Square ONE Graphic 6 Safety precautions Power THE POWER SUPPLY SHOULD NEVER BE OPERATED WITH THE MAINS EARTH DISCONNECTED This unit should only be operated with the power supply connected to ground via the ground in the mains connector The internal power supply is a switch mode type that automatically senses the incoming mains voltage and will work where the nominal voltage is in the range 100 240 VAC A single fused IEC mains inlet is provided on the rear panel The correct lead for connection in the area to which the unit was shipped is supplied with the unit The equipment should only be plugged into the mains outlet using the supplied lead Please note that the power supply contains LETHAL VOLTAGES greatly in excess of the mains voltage and that its rails can produce extremely large currents that could burn out equipment and wiring if shorted All testing and servicing must ONLY be carried out by approved service engineer
28. nings General precautions Power Handling the equipment Installation Location Audio connections Radio frequency interference Class B device Electric fields Operation Safety equipment Optional equipment Special accessories Features Getting started Unpacking Checking the mains fuse Installation Connecting the power cable Connecting the audio cables OMDAOANNNNNOADUUUUUADRDRARWWNNN Fi Balanced I O Unbalanced I O Unbalanced inserts Connecting to unbalanced equipment 10 Powering up the unit 10 Front panel quick reference 11 Rear panel quick reference 1 12 Front panel features 13 Signal level 13 Graphic EQ section 13 Gain control 13 Filters 14 BYPASS switch 14 POWER on off LED 14 Square ONE Graphic i RLEBRK TIENI MME Rear panel features 15 Mains supply 15 Audio connections 16 Audio inputs 16 Audio outputs 16 Other features 16 Power off bypass relays 16 Example of system connection 17 Using the Square ONE Graphic 18 Studio and creative use 18 Live use front of house FOH 18 Live use monitors 19 Equalising a system 20 Preparing for equalisation 20 Equalisation using an RTA 20 Effects of equalisation 22 Effects of equalisation on voice reproduction 22 Effects of equalisation on music reproduction 23 Audio signal path 24 Proportional Q filter response 25 Balanced unbalanced audio 30 Square ONE Graphic application notes 31 Front of house 31 Monitors 31 High pass filter HPF 31 Low pass filter LPF
29. r the purpose of level metering The levels are as follows e SIGNAL Green 40dBu CLIP Red 20dBu SIGNAL LED green illuminates to show the input signal has exceeded 40dBu The signal is pre EQ but post gain control O A O CLIP LED red illuminates to show the maximum output level of the unit has been achieved that is SIGNAL CLIP 20dBu has been exceeded and the unit has entered clipping This LED is sourced post EQ and post gain 0 3 0 control such that internal clipping due to excessive EQ that is if a high input level is further boosted by the use of EQ will also be shown Graphic EQ section The graphic EQ section of the Square ONE Graphic features long throw 45 mm faders to allow fine adjustment of each frequency band Each fader has a centre detent click stop to denote the OdB unity gain of the band point of the scale The Square ONE Graphic uses standard ISO third octave standard frequency centres The range of the faders is 12dB Placing the fader of any band at the extreme upwards position will apply 12dB gain to the frequencies in that band While conversely placing the fader of any band at the extreme downwards position will apply 12dB attenuation to the frequencies in that band Gain control The gain control provides continuous adjustment of the channel gain from minus infinity off to 6dB with a centre detent at OdB unity gain When using EQ with large amounts of cut or boost it
30. s We strongly recommend that for safety and to optimise the life and performance of the equipment the mains cable plug is removed from the power outlet when the equipment is not to be used for extended periods of time or during electrical storms When removing the equipment s electric plug from an outlet always hold the plug itself and not the cable Pulling out the plug by the cable can damage it Never insert or remove an electric plug with wet hands Handling the equipment Completely isolate the equipment electrically and disconnect all cables from the equipment before moving it When lifting or moving the equipment take its weight into consideration Do not insert your fingers or hand in any gaps or openings on the equipment for example vents Avoid inserting or dropping foreign objects such as paper plastic metal etc into any gaps or openings on the equipment for example vents If this happens turn off the power immediately and unplug the power from the AC outlet Then have the equipment inspected by the manufacturer s qualified service personnel Square ONE Graphic 3 KLORE TERMIK Safety precautions Installation Before installing the equipment Location Make sure the equipment is correctly connected to the protective earth conductor of the mains voltage supply of the system installation through the mains lead Power to the equipment must be via a fused spur The power plug must be inserted in a socket outl
31. ses Live use front of house FOH It is often desirable to add equalisation to a venue to remove any frequency deficiencies in the room before trying to engineer using the system Again itis common to use an RTA and measurement microphone to set up the equaliser using additive and subtractive equalisation to correct problems in the room It is recommended to attenuate peaks in the room s response to the level of the surrounding frequencies rather than boost the lower bands to meet the highest This will help to retain headroom in the equaliser and slight dips in frequency response are less noticeable than large peaks If an overall reduction in volume is observed the gain make up can be used to return the output of the equaliser to the desired level However please beware of excessive equalisation by for example using large amounts of boost at lower frequencies to compensate for poorly performing bass enclosures This will use up large amounts of system headroom that could cause the system amplifiers to clip thus damaging loudspeaker HF components and introducing high frequency harmonics which may sound unpleasant Using large amounts of low frequency boost may also cause the over excursion of bass drivers and result in their mechanical and electrical breakdown Also many sound reinforcement systems are only capable of adequately producing frequencies up to around 18kHz Providing high levels of boost at 20kHz to extend the frequency respons
32. square one graphic operator aalo lalio OPERATOR MANUAL Midas Klark Teknik Limited Klark Industrial Park Walter Nash Road Kidderminster Worcestershire DY11 7HJ England Tel 444 1562 741515 Fax 444 1562 745371 Email info midasklarkteknik com Website www ktsquareone com Square ONE Graphic Equaliser Operator Manual DOC02 SQiGRAPHIC Issue E April 2010 Red Chip Company Ltd In line with the company s policy of continual improvement specifications and function may be subject to change without notice This Operators Manual was correct at the time of writing E amp OE BLARE TENDI IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated Dangerous Voltage within the product s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons Read these instructions Keep these instructions Heed all warnings Follow all instructions Do not use this apparatus near water Clean only with a dry cloth N OO Ww kh UNBE Do not block any of the ventilation openings Install in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions 8 Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other apparatus including amplifiers that produce heat 9 Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polar
33. the Square ONE Graphic Using the Square ONE Graphic The Square ONE Graphic is a graphic equaliser that utilises premium quality low tolerance components to achieve a high degree of accuracy and control Graphic equalisers may be used for corrective or creative purposes depending upon whether they are to be used live as monitors or for front of house FOH or in the studio for broadcasting or recording Studio and creative use In the control room a graphic equaliser may be used to remove problem frequencies and improve deficiencies in room acoustics This is commonly achieved with the use of a real time analyser RTA As the frequency centres of the Square ONE Graphic conform to ISO standards corrections can be made by sight directly from the RTA to the graphic However it is important to mention that graphic equalisers can only compensate a limited amount for a room with severe acoustic problems in which case further remedial treatment work may be required Graphic equalisers can only help to reduce the audible effects of standing waves and resonances and cannot overcome the loss of clarity due to rooms with long reverberation times The Square ONE Graphic can be used to create filter effects for example the effect of someone speaking on the telephone using the 30 equaliser bands and the high and low pass filters in conjunction with a compressor to create a de esser for tonal correction of instruments or vocals and many other creative u
34. though it may not be possible to get perfect equalisation throughout an entire area it may be preferable to obtain a good equalisation of the whole area rather than a perfect equalisation at a single point with poor performance at all other points A compromise may need to be made in an effort to equalise the sound for the whole area rather than just the centre FOH position KLORE TIANI 20 Square ONE Graphic 6 Equalising a system EQUALISER FA CALIBRATED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONE Note When using an RTA ensure that it has averaging capability so that fluctuations are smoothed out giving a good representation of the sonic performance of the system PINK NOISE REAL TIME ANALYSER When egualising the room bear in mind the effect upon the electronics and mechanics of the system caused by the equalisation process If excessive equalisation is required at certain bands consider the effect upon amplifier headroom and loudspeaker driver excursion that will result It may not be possible to produce the response required within the limitations of the system Excessive equalisation should act as a warning that there may be an underlying problem which may need rectifying first for example phase cancellation blown drivers etc During the performance the FOH or monitor engineer may want to have a microphone or solo signal feed for the RTA so that feedback may be easily detected and rectified Square ONE Graphic 21 KLORE TIENI
35. tor IEM systems and will increase available headroom as well as providing high frequency HF drivers with some thermal protection against ultrasonic frequencies When engaged simultaneously the Square ONE Graphic s HPF and LPF give optimal control of the operating bandwidth of most foldback floor wedge and IEM transducer systems Square ONE Graphic 31 KLORE TERMIK Technical specification Technical specification Inputs Two A and B Type Analogue electronically balanced Pin 2 hot Impedance 20k Ohms Maximum input level 22dBu Common mode rejection gt 80dB at 1kHz gt 60dB at 10kHz Outputs Two A and B Type Analogue electronically balanced Pin 2 hot Minimum load impedance 2k Ohms Source impedance lt 60 Ohms Maximum output level 22dBu Signal drive capability lt 3dB drop in level relative to open circuit voltage when driving 200 Ohms Performance Frequency response 0 5dBu input to output 20Hz to 20kHz Dynamic range gt 112dB 22Hz to 22kHz unweighted Noise floor Lower than 90dBu 22Hz to 22kHz unweighted Gain infinity off to 6dBu with centre detent at OdB Equalisation 30 Bands Centre Frequencies To BS EN ISO 266 1997 25Hz to 20kHz 1 3 octave Tolerance 5 Maximum Boost Cut 12dB High Pass Filter Slope 12dB octave Low Pass Filter Slope 12dB octave Terminations Audio 3 pin XLRs male and female and 1 4 TRS balanced jack sockets Power 3 pin IEC Power Voltage 100VAC to 240VAC 10
36. ue equaliser performs graphic equalisation and filtering and has the following features Two channels 30 bands of proportional Q equalisation per channel via long throw 45 mm faders Electrically balanced input and output per channel via female and male XLR connectors respectively 1 4 TRS balanced jack socket for each input and output Level metering per channel is provided by SIGNAL and CLIP LEDs Gain control per channel for continuous adjustment of channel gain Fixed 80Hz high pass filter per channel Fixed 12kHz low pass filter per channel Input gain filters and graphic equalisation on each channel can be bypassed Power off bypass relays to avoid audible thumps when unit is switched off or if a power rail fails Pushbutton switch operation for high and low pass filters and bypass LEDs for power high and low pass filters and bypass that provide on off status indication Mains supplied via an IEC socket on rear panel Fuse drawer contains easily replaceable mains fuse with a compartment for a spare KLORE TIANI 6 Square ONE Graphic Getting started Observing the guidelines in Safety precautions on page 2 carry out the following to get your Square ONE Graphic unit fully operational Unpacking Carefully unpack your Square ONE Graphic equipment package Then please inspect the Square ONE Graphic unit carefully for any signs of damage that may have occurred during transit and notify the courier immediately if
37. unbearable hence the bass element can be rolled off at the desired frequency The fundamentals of vocals are transmitted in a narrow audible range and will appear unaffected Square ONE Graphic 19 RLGRE MERE Equalising a system Equalising a system As discussed before the fundamental benefits of equalisation are e Improved intelligibility and natural sound of the sound system e An increase in the gain available in the system before feedback In some circumstances it may not be possible to achieve a natural sounding system that is completely intelligible due to poor acoustics or high levels of background noise In such cases a compromise must be struck by the engineer depending upon the use to which the system will be put It may be argued that in the case of a vocalist intelligibility must be sought at all costs However for dance music reproduction a more natural approach with no real concern for intelligibility of the individual lyrics may be preferred Please remember the equaliser is not a cure all device and will not solve the problems of a poor sound system installation or venue acoustics but when used carefully can bring out significant improvements in the quality of reproduction of a system Preparing for equalisation Before starting to equalise the system it is worthwhile checking that the system is performing correctly Listening to the system without any equalisation may reveal underlying distortion or artefa
38. vious Klark Teknik analogue graphic equalisers offers some key advantages over the more numerous Constant Q equalisers on the market Namely at low amounts of cut or boost the width of the filter is relatively broad and becomes narrower as the amount of boost or cut is increased giving a more focused response This differs from a Constant Q response which boosts or cuts an increasingly wide band of frequencies This is an important consideration in applications such as cutting particular problem frequencies as more of the frequency spectrum is scooped out when using Constant Q equalisation Whereas Proportional Q equalisers are much better at cutting just the problem frequency band On Constant Q equalisers the Q is measured 3dB up from the point of maximum attenuation when in cut rather than the correct definition of 3dB down from the point of maximum gain OdB when cutting which results in a notch filter response In all types of graphic equalisers one of the key issues is how the summing of adjacent EQ bands alters the frequency response Lower Q filters will blend together more smoothly but higher Q filters provide more selective control of problems at the expense of more frequency response ripple A weakness of the Constant Q approach is that for small amounts of boost and cut a very typical situation the EQ bands have to be comparatively broad to blend smoothly so as to avoid excessive ripple in the frequency response However as th
39. wer bass Too much boost produces boom 3rd Harmonics of Mains Hum 315 400 500 Fundamentals of strings and percussion 630 800 1k Fundamentals and harmonics of strings keyboards and percussion Boosting 600 1kHz range can make instruments sound horn like 1k25 to 4k Drums guitar accentuation of vocals strings and brass Excessive boost around 1 2kHz can make instruments sound tinny Excessive boost around 1 4kHz can produce listening fatigue 5k 6k3 8k Accentuation of percussion cymbals and snare drum Reduction at 5kHz makes overall sound more distant and transparent Reduction of tape hiss and system noise 1k25 to 8k governs overall clarity and definition TOK TZS T IGK Cymbals and overall brightness Too much boost causes sibilance Reduction of tape hiss and system noise Square ONE Graphic 23 RLORE TERMIK Audio signal path Audio signal path The following diagram shows the path of the audio signal for each channel BYPASS Switch SIGNAL CLIP 40dBu 22dBu High pass filter Low pass filter Graphic EQ Graphic EQ 0 o gt 073 gt 9 00 S6 o Input Output Two stages 80 12k Switch Switch KLORE TIANI 24 Square ONE Graphic 6 Proportional Q filter response Proportional Q filter response The most important design decision for the Square ONE Graphic was determining the equaliser response Proportional Q equalisation as used on pre
40. you discover any Check the contents of your Square ONE Graphic equipment package If there are any parts missing incorrect or faulty please contact your local distributor or Klark Teknik at the address at the front of this manual Please retain the original packing in case you should need to return the equipment to the manufacturer or supplier or transport or ship the unit later Checking the mains fuse Before installing the equipment you need to make sure that the mains fuse fitted is of the correct type and rating for your unit To do this follow the instructions in Checking replacing the mains fuse on page 35 Installation This unit is designed for mounting in any 19 EIA standard rack Four rack mount holes in the front panel are provided for rack mounting and are designed to fully support the weight of the unit in the rack The position of the unit will depend upon how it is to be used However when positioning the unit avoid placing it where the faders may be damaged by being accidentally knocked or snapped off Also try to avoid placing the unit directly near or on any power distribution units or power amplifiers Connecting the power cable Making sure that the mains power at the power outlet is off connect the mains cable supplied with your Square ONE Graphic to the mains power outlet and then to the mains socket at the rear of your unit Square ONE Graphic 7 KLORE TERMIK Getting started Connecting the audio cab
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