—————————————————— THE APPLE /// FAQ FILE V
Contents
1. and said they had 20 million in parts spread around the world and wanted to know what we should do about it I said What do you mean we paleface recalling the old Tonto and Lone Ranger story I told him I couldn t sell s because I had no authority to move the product He asked what we should do and I recommended a separate profit and loss center with the authority to get things done He said make a proposal and 15 of us went off and wrote an 80 page business plan which was presented to the Executive Committee on July 15 1983 Later that month Ken Zerbe asked me to head up a separate division We sold an additional 60 million in product transitioned the 500 developers to Mac and I think preserved the value of the buyer s investment The s official end came on April 24 1984 when Fradin wrote a memo to his staff saying THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 6 OF 22 While the Apple is an excellent business computer it is a generally accepted view by Apple s product managers that Apple can best serve the future needs of our business customers by expanding the Apple II and Apple 32 Lisa and Macintosh product families and by concentrating future development marketing and sales efforts on these products Therefore we have decided that no future product development efforts shall be initiated and undertaken for the Apple product line effective immediately Ap2. number of capabilities to the with a hard drive or even a 3 5 Liron drive They include an easy to set up and use menu system disk caching password protection screen saver macro capability to run programs with just two keystrokes and compatibility with Selector pathnames Contact Dave Ottalini about BOS3 at apple3info verizon net 9 WHAT ABOUT APPLE IT EMULATION MODE Your can operate as is in an emulation mode to make it think it s a 48k Apple WAP has the emulation software Disk 3EMM 01 Titan made a card for the you might also be able to find it increased memory up to 128K in emulation and offered a RAM disk in native mode You might also be on the lookout at computer garage sales or on eBay for the Titan e a set of two cards that really turns your into a 128k e You ll want to add a 65c802 CPU in place of the 6502 to ensure compatibility with newer Apple programs it has no effect on native mode applications The cards offer a RAM disk in native mode as well WAP has a wonderful set of RAM drivers for these cards disk 3DAD 10 David Craig offers a detailed document describing some details about emulating the Apple Contact him for more information at shirlgato cybermesa com THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 12 OF 22 10 WHERE DOI FIND INFORMATION ABOUT THE APPLE Apple DVD Released in February 2007 the Apple DVD is
3. APPLE ACCESS THE INTERNET Although the was able to access text based Internet providers CapAccess http www capaccess org comes to mind in the DC area and the early versions of CompuServe etc as well as various UG dial in services in the early days this is just not possible now 23 WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO SURF THE INTERNET WITH THE Please see the old 43 Internet FAQ Apple DVD for what now is historic information Basically the can t surf the web of today 24 WHAT WAS THE APPLE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FUND Established by Washington Apple Pi in the early 1990s the SDF was used to fund specific software projects for the Through donations and contributions from WAP and ATUNC the now defunct Apple Three Users of Northern California the SDF helped fund the development of a Superdrive driver and BOS3 the first upgrade to SOS in some 10 years Other projects included a universal SCSI driver that works with the Syquest EZ Drive and most all SCSI drives but required a specific and hard to find SCSI interface card to work one notable exception the Iomega ZIP drive did not work because of the way it was built and a replacement outboard power supply THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 17 OF 22 25 ARE THERE ANY APPLE WEB SITES WAP continues to support the online at http www wap org a3 There is a lot of Apple information along with a searchable d
4. So every problem motherboard was replaced through June 1981 no questions asked A number of changes were made to the motherboard and testing procedures were more demanding to decrease failure rate June 1981 memo from Bill Deitsch and Bob Edgington Apple started a new publicity campaign in December to reintroduce the The good news was that the revamped machine worked Most of the problems were gone But the long term damage had been done In August 1981 IBM introduced its Personal Computer that ran an OS from a small company called MicroSoft The PC did not meet immediate acceptance but it was helped along by the s problems and IBM s name in the business world As 1983 began Apple was starting to concentrate on its new Lisa computer and the Macintosh was in development pulling away development funds Something had to be done with the Dave Fradin the last Apple product manager told David Craig in May 2003 what happened In early 1983 Del Yocum who was head of manufacturing was bothered by making only a few thousand s compared to making xx xxx IIs per month He ignored that the was 6x more profitable than a II So off to Pajaro Dunes near Monterey California and the executive committee killed the product line without consulting with the new two weeks product manager me or division manager A couple of weeks later Sculley called me into his office along with Ida Cole Joe Graziano and Yocum
5. WHAT IS A SARASAUR Anyone who still loves the Apple as a great computer That includes folks all over the world from Japan to Puerto Rico Washington DC Detroit the San Francisco Bay area and many places in between We invite you to join us 31 WHAT DID USER S CALL THE THE MACHINE THAT WOULD NOT DIE HHH THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 22 OF 22
6. is Washington Apple Pi 12022 Parklawn Drive Rockville MD 20852 301 984 0300 Wwww wap org Apple Discussion Group If you are interested there is still an Apple discussion group To subscribe send a message to majordomo altair com with the text subscribe apple3 l in the body of your message You ll get info back at that point Send comments or suggestions to jeff altair com THANKS to Jeff Fritz at West Virginia University for hosting this Listserve for many years THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 13 OF 22 11 WHERE CAN I FIND PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE WAP now offers its entire PD library in Apple Disk Transfer files as part of the Apple DVD thanks to David Craig for the transfer Actual 5 25 disks are no longer available The categories for the Apple Public Domain Library includes Accounting Apple Software Appleworks 3EZ Pieces templates Dr Al Bloom Programs Business Basic Catalog DA Datasystems Programs Emulation Fonts Games Graphics Internet Miscellaneous Pair Software Pascal and other Languages Repairs Shareware Source Code System Software TeleCommunications Utilities WAP Articles and Word Processing There are also some FTP sites that continue to offer some Apple software The best one is at ftp ftp apple asimov net pub apple_II unsorted 12 ARE THERE STILL SOURCES FOR HARDWARE AND COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE The best place these da
7. laughs And looked with hope to their kin The s had just moved in But they were not doing well But together they worked and waited THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 19 OF 22 And feeling of hatred swelled Then early one morning The horrible news arrived The ruler of Apple was going to Sending food and tools and supplies But some wealthy families nearby Saw their plight and said This is a very good family They deserve money and tools and bread So with the aid of these rich families The s began to thrive And the family that would not die Began slowly to climb And one day soon thought they We will be strong enough To take over Apple And do to them what we must 28 IT S THE 21 CENTURY WHAT S NEW WITH THE Apple DVD Washington Apple Pi s compilation of all things Apple was released in late February 2007 It includes a tremendous number of articles about the pictures audio files the WAP PD library and more Check the online store at www wap org for availability cost and information Ls a What s In Here Essential Software ve Apple g KAO Archit DataBases a A3 Articles 3 A3 Manuals moet Emulation a Source Code TEMA ES Is Company BBS me Mould Nord L 3 4 be eu A3 Media Vendors FlipTrack Project CFFA Believe it or not there s an Apple II card that provides a CF Compact Flash and I
8. micros So that s certainly true that it set a standard Steve Wozniak one of Apple s three founders also had high praise for SOS He told BYTE Magazine in December 1984 I think SOS is the finest operating system on any microcomputer ever B Development Apple s great success with the Apple II was fraught with a lack of confidence There were fears the public would grow tired of the II and that competitors would bring out more powerful machines that were considered more suitable for a business environment Thus the idea for a successor to the II took hold and Dr Sander who had been working on Apple II projects was tapped to design the His design team included Walt Broedner John MacDougall and Dan Kottke who did the prototypes Software design was handled by a number of people including Bruce Daniels initial software system J R Dick Huston SOS file system designer Tom Root console device driver Rick Auricchio SOS device drivers Stephen Smith mouse device driver Bob Etheredge SOS Bob Martin SOS Donn Denman Apple Business BASIC Al Hoffman Apple Pascal Work began in late 1978 but Sander soon ran into trouble thanks to hardware and software concerns as well as Apple s inability to really decide what it wanted the to be As West of Eden s author Tom Rose writes Everyone had a wish list The was to represent an attempt to correct or add most of the capabilities missing
9. of perspectives and includes lengthy Basic programs for business users All these books are now out of print But you may still be able to find them at a used bookstore or through eBay A growing number of computer museums like Digibarn com are also compiling all the Apple II THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 15 OF 22 and books manuals and magazines they can so do a Google search to track them down The Osborn McGraw Hill book has been scanned and is available on the A3CD now available from WAP There are also a number of excellent books that discuss the history of Apple Computer including the Apple Check Amazon com or other bookseller 18 WHAT ABOUT TECHNICAL MATERIALS Apple produced a Service Manual that includes schematics information service tips etc along with a host of Technical Notes The manual is now on the Apple DVD The Apple Tech Notes are available on Apple s Technical Information Library TIL at http search info apple com search for Apple III and mark the pre 1997 checkbox These are also available as part of the A3 DVD There are many more manuals from Apple and third party vendors Apple produced a series of repair manuals while Sun Remarketing produced a booklet in 1987 that covered repairs Three s Company BBS had extensive repair information from users The Apple PD library offers a series of disks aimed at helping repair your from many so
10. one of the best sources for Apple information ever assembled Info about the DVD is on the apple3 org website It is available from Washington Apple Pi s webstore at http www prestostore com cgi bin storefront pl ref WAPiStore World Wide Web As you might imagine there are a number of websites dedicated to providing information about Apple Computer and the complete line of machines they have produced over the years The Community has created a website http www apple3 org that is a holding site for many files for download Washington Apple Pi maintains an Apple web site http www wap org a3 default htm Most of its files including the PD library can be found on the newly released Apple DVD There are also a ton of web sites so do a search under Apple Computer History and have fun searching Here are a few possibilities for you more are listed later http www vintage computer com apple_iii shtml http digibarn com http www archaic apples com http oldcomputers net index html http www apple history com http www apple history com frames amp page history amp section h1 USER GROUPS As mentioned above Washington Apple Pi maintains a number of Apple materials now in the form of the Apple DVD A separate two set DVD includes the entire How To Use Your Apple in 10 EZ Lessons and some videos and other material are available now for 30 00 from the Pi WAP s address
11. sellers They are out there In fact you can still find new software in shrinkwrap if you look Amazingly there are folks still writing drivers for such things as the Apple II CFIDE card see below 6 WHAT OTHER HARDWARE SOFTWARE DO I NEED TO MAKE MY A COMPLETE SYSTEM a A second 5 25 inch disk drive It speeds up your work considerably makes it easier to load and save data etc The can also use the 1 4 MB Apple II Superdrive and 800k Unidisk using Apple interface cards and On Three drivers and many hard disks Profiles and SCSI On Three sold a Universal SCSI driver from On Three in 1996 that with the proper interface card gave users access to the Syquest EZ Drive and just about all SCSI based hard drives one notable exception is the lomega ZIP Drive Pascal programmers should use a Profile or 4 disk drives b System Utilities disk This program lets you copy files format disks and configure your SOS Driver file WAP PD disk 3UTL 02 c EZ Pieces This is an excellent integrated software program that is easy to learn and use Its files are also compatible with the Apple version called AppleWorks 3APL 07 d Printer You can run a printer from eBay or other source off of the RS232 port in the back of the or by using a Serial or Parallel card you plug into one of the four slots internally To connect your serial printer to the you will need what is called a Null Modem cable Local computer dealers
12. you boot up You will see a message that tells you the version along with the Apple copyright You can get an auto upgrade disk from WAP ask for disk 3SYS 01 Check Apple s SOS data sheet from March 1982 for a good overview of the OS titled Apple Sophisticated Operating System The INTERP file is the language the program uses or it may be the program itself Applewriter Basic and Pascal are examples of SOS Interp files you will find Finally the DRIVER file SOS Driver contains the drivers that enable the to talk with your printer disk drives modem and hard disk properly At the minimum you will need the console driver called Console and you might find others Printer to drive your printer RS232 operates the RS232 port or a serial card for telecommunications Audio lets your beep and play music to you Grafix is the graphics driver There are many more You install these using the System Configuration Program on the System Utilities disk In most instances you want to make sure you have the 1 3 versions of the drivers installed WAP SIG SOS Drivers PD disk 3SYS 07 There were four total versions of SOS 1 0 October 1980 1 1 September 1981 1 2 January 1982 1 3 November 1982 8 WHAT IS BOS3 BOS3 is a wonderful upgrade to SOS released in December 1994 Developed by Bob Consorti it was financed entirely by the Apple community the Software Development Fund BOS3 adds a tremendous
13. 232 17 Programs can run 20 faster by pressing Control 5 on keypad no video 18 Uses all available memory David Craig Comments The Apple s memory addressing was implemented in a very unique way The s brain was the 6502 microprocessor chip which could only address 64 KB of memory But Apple added special circuitry to the so that this microprocessor could access up to 512 KB of memory This was based on what is called bank switching which in effect fools the microprocessor into accessing different chunks of memory even when that memory is way beyond the normal 64 KB upper limit The s 64 KB memory was arranged into two sections with a middle section occupying 32 KB and the remainder which itself was split into the other 32 KB The middle section could be replaced by up to 15 different sections or banks This combination of 15 32 KB switched sections and one fixed section allowed the to have access to a maximum of 512 KB of memory i e 512 32x 1 15 On Three did produce a card that provided that amount Apple applications could instruct the s hardware to use a specific section or bank in the variable memory area Or the application could use a special form of memory addressing called extended addressing which allowed the program to read or write a byte from any section or bank regardless of whether that section or bank was active For example a program could be running in bank 4 of memory and it could read by
14. DE hard drive interface that works in the A driver is available that makes it all possible Goto http dreher net s projects CFforA pplell amp c projects CFforA pplell main php THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 20 OF 22 Apple DVDs Washington Apple Pi has developed a two set DVD with all ten chapters of the How To Use Your Apple in 10 EZ Lessons 1 5 on DVD1 6 10 on DVD2 VHS tape There are also a number of Apple iMovies which honor On Three and discuss the Apple horses animation Photos and some A3 information is also on these disks Check www wap org for more information 29 I Want More Information About the Where Can I Find It David Craig was kind enough to compile some resources for you For introductory descriptions of the Apple computer family Apple produced several short publications The Apple Personal Computer System May 1982 The Apple Plus Personal Computer System Nov 1983 Apple System Data Sheet Jul 1983 Apple Plus System Data Sheet Oct 1983 Apple also published many data sheets describing specific hardware and software pieces for the which included SOS floppy disk drive ProFile hard drive programming languages and Apple s applications For independent reviews and discussions about the Apple computer see the following articles Computer reviews and introductory information The Apple BYTE magazine Jul
15. E V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 8 OF 22 2 WHAT ARE THE s CAPABILITIES Keyboard Friendliness 1 Arranged in a strictly traditional typewriter layout 2 Sculptured stepped and angled keys 3 Numeric keypad Recognized differently from main keyboard 4 Software definable character set Can be used for graphics 5 All characters used by programming languages 6 Dedicated cursor or arrow keys 7 Two key method to boot a disk without powering on and off 8 Alpha lock key Shift locks alphabetical keys only 9 The entire ASCII code 10 Automatic repeat for all keys and the speed can be tripled 11 Can print 224 distinct characters 12 Little bumps on D K and 5 keys for finger positioning 13 Numeric keypad can be redefined into 12 special function keys 14 Dvorak American simplified Keyboard available on file 15 128 byte type ahead buffer 16 Many different fonts available on file 17 Character set can be changed under program control at any time 18 Up to 13 control keys 19 Computer ON light 20 Two system keys Closed and Open Apple keys redefine others 21 73 total keys 3 WHAT ABOUT ITS BUILT IN FEATURES 1 80 Column display 2 143K internal Disk drive 3 Interface for up to 4 disk drives 4 RS232 C Can be made to serve six devices with a T switch 5 Color All 16 colors with 192 lines of 280 dots per line 6 Graphics 16 shades of green with 192 lines of 560 dots
16. In that same time frame think what we could have done to improve the Apple I or how much could have been done by Apple to give us products in IBM s market THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 7 OF 22 With the gone it was left up to individuals user groups like WAP ATUNC TAU AUGI and others online bulletin board BBS systems including Three s Company and MAUG Micronetworked Apple Users Group on CompuServe as well as a small number of vendors On Three Pair D A Datasystems and others to keep the flame going and they did for many many years Development on many excellent programs commercial shareware and public domain continued as did some hardware development They included a 512K memory card a replacement power supply a new version of the OS BOS3 new drivers and most recently a new card to use CF and IDE drives Combined with an enduring love for this computer by a group of loyal users and hobbyists the s life was extended to the point where those who purchased the machines got their value out many times over Here s a visual timeline graph covering the Apple s lifespan Each notch represents two months 1980 eG Soren Soe ses Apple Introduced 1981 eae eas IBM PC Introduced 1982 i eich Apple III fixed version 1983 esse a Lisa Apple Ie 1984 E nee Sarees A Apple II Macintosh Introduced ETES Apple III discontinued April 24 THE APPLE FAQ FIL
17. Scripts at the time could be used to automate log ons to CompuServe now a part of Netscape and other on line services It does NOT offer Xmodem protocol It is available in the WAP SIG PD library as disk 3TEL 02 Apple DVD which includes an excellent Apple communications tutorial THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 16 OF 22 b XMODEM is also in the WAP PD an excellent stand alone telecom program that offers the user XMODEM Protocol for error free downloads and uploads In the WAP PD it s disk 3TEL 05 Manual is on disk c The Communications Manager was a program from On Three that is no longer available commercially It is the best communications program ever produced and offers a host of features including XModem and turbo downloading capabilities It could be run as a stand alone program or as a Desktop Manager module Please see the Apple Communications FAQ by Al Bloom and others on the Apple DVD for more details about telecommunications on the Apple 21 WHAT ABOUT MODEMS If you want to try using a modem on a you ll need to track down an older unit with a 25 pin serial connector Any one will do but the terminal programs above have settings that only go up to 9600 baud Your best bet is to use a 2400 baud or 14 400 baud modem they will work fine and are very inexpensive get one at a computer garage sale or your local user group like WAP 22 CAN THE
18. The Apple III Personal Computer System The Most Powerful Professional Computer System in Its Class THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 SOME BASIC INFORMATION FOR EVERYONE INTERESTED IN THE APPLE By David Ottalini dave ottalini wap org Apple SIG Chairman Washington Apple Pi Users Group www wap org apple3info verizon net Produced with special thanks to David Craig shirlgato cybermesa com Mitchell Spector mspect vega concordia ca and Jeff Marraccini of Altair Systems jeff altair com also provided invaluable help Additions Corrections welcome to the above e mail address Version 5 2 February 17 2007 THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 1 OF 22 CONTENTS 1 What is the Apple 2 What are the s Capabilities 3 What About Its Built In Features 4 What About SOS The s Operating System 5 Is My Apple Still Useful Today 6 What Other Hardware Software do I need 7 What s This about SOS 8 What is BOS3 9 Tell Me About Emulation Mode 10 Where do I find Information about the 11 Where Can I Find Public Domain Software 12 Are There Still Sources for Hardware and Commercial Software 13 Where Can I Get my Apple Repaired 14 What about an outboard Power Supply for the 15 Where Can I Find the Pinouts for an RGB Monitor 16 Are There Still Any Apple Newsletters or Magazines 17 Were There Any Apple Books 18 What
19. about Technical Materials 19 Where can I learn more about 6502 machine language 20 What Kind of Communications Software is Available 21 What about Modems 22 Could the Access the Internet 23 What Did it Take to Surf the Internet with the 24 What was the Apple Software Development Fund 25 Are There Any Specific Apple Web Sites 26 Was The Apple Ever Used As A Prop in the Movies 27 What About A Poem 28 It s the 21 Century What s New with the 29 I Want More Information About the Where Can I Find It 30 OK I m Stumped What is a SARAsaur 31 What Did Apple Users Call Their Machine THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 2 OF 22 1 WHAT IS THE APPLE A Historical Background was the first computer designed from the ground up by Apple Computer as a company It was a business machine designed to include many of the extras Apple II owners had to buy an 80 column card a serial card larger memory keyboard with keypad etc It was supposed to be as Andy Hertzfeld describes it the big brother of the Apple II It was one of the most powerful 8 bit computer systems ever built The Apple code name SARA after the daughter of developer Wendell Sander E Apple Buyer s Guide described the this way A more powerful version of the Apple series the Apple is designed principally for business applications Ideally s
20. ajor problem was that Dr Sander and his team were under orders to get the out the door quickly thanks to continued concerns about the Apple II s sustainability Dr Sander told Washington Apple Pi s Dave Ottalini in a 1986 interview that that was a big mistake It was probably introduced into the marketplace six to nine months too early largely because there was a great worry within Apple for a long time that the Apple II s demise was just around the corner I think maybe they ve learned the Apple II s demise is not just around the corner There was this concern that Wow if we don t get this thing out next month Apple II sales are liable to go down and we re really dead we re in big trouble So there was probably too much push to get it out The Apple was officially introduced at the National Computer Conference in May 1980 Because the machine was never properly tested there were immediate problems when shipments of SARA started in the fall The s would work for a short time and fail The s prototype developer Dan Kottke told David Craig in December 2002 about one of the serious problems Apple had not anticipated Craig s notes indicate THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 5 OF 22 There was only one serious problem a mechanical connection with the III memory board that became faulty after a short period of use Memory was implemented as a daughter board which attac
21. and national chains like Radio Shack used to sell them These days you ll need to check with your local user group or a company like Sun Remarketing or Shreve Systems that still sells Apple II parts eBay or other online reseller is also a viable source of older serial or parallel printers You will also need specific device drivers you have to install in your SOS DRIVER file using System Utilities The Apple DVD includes the Apple PD library that includes a disk full of drivers 3SY S 07 The can print to laserprinters with serial ports as well as dot matrix printers but does not have access to inkjet printers no drivers Note the Apple has no USB capability BUT you can save your files to disk and print from a II or GS or via transfer to a Macintosh or PC e A surge protector to prevent electrical surges from destroying your machine f Dust cover to help keep things clean THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 11 OF 22 7 WHAT S THIS ABOUT SOS As mentioned earlier the Apple uses an operating system called SOS or Sophisticated Operating System It is entirely ram based That means every time you load an application it loads the operating system as well You will find three files on all program disks SOS Kernel SOS Interp and SOS Driver The KERNEL is the operating system itself You want to make sure you have the latest version 1 3 You can tell what version you have when
22. atabase of Apple articles going back to its earliest years As mentioned above http www apple3 org is a growing information repository There are a growing number of sites that look at the history of the in the broader context of Apple Computer history or the history of computers in general A search of Google Yahoo or other search site brings up a number Here are some that you might find of interest in no particular order en wikipedia org wiki Apple_II www apple history com allI html www digibarn com collections systems applelII www vintage computer com apple_iii shtml www oldcomputers net appleiii html www fortunecity com marina reach 435 aiii htm www cyberstreet com hcs museum apple3 htm www wordig com definition Apple_ III www fact index com a ap apple_iii html www apple2history org history ah07 html www tonh net museum apple3 html www total net hrothgar museum ApplelII www syssrce com html museum html apple3 html www allaboutapple com museo reportages apple_iii apple_iii htm http lowendmac com b4mac appleiii html http lowendmac com orchard 05 0516 html http lowendmac com coventry 06 0901 html http www old computers com museum computer asp c 72 http www mandrake demon co uk A pple appleiii html http www answers com topic apple iti http www macobserver com columns thisweek 2004 20040522 shtml http www dvorak org blog page_id 8220 26 WAS THE APPLE EVER USED AS A PROP IN THE MOVIES Yes as fans
23. cupies or which bank of memory is in use SOS handles these and other operations automatically Andy Hertzfeld was a software and hardware engineer at Apple who worked on the original the Ie and later the Macintosh Although the Mac OS was radically different from SOS Hertzfeld says the Apple OS did have an impact as he worked on the Macintosh s HFS Hierarchical Filing System In a 1987 interview with Dave Ottalini Hertzfeld said I did the Macintosh Operating System and I was very familiar with the Apple and especially in the T O system of the Macintosh I was influenced by the Apple operating system THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 3 OF 22 Dr Wendell Sander the father of the Apple told Ottalini it was nothing less than one of the most professional and best done operating systems The software was exceptional It really set the standard Even to some extent the MS DOS was if you look closely at it many of the concepts that were developed in SOS were carried through in MS DOS So it really has to be rated as a very important event in software for micros because it was the first really solid operating system I still think it is probably one of the most professional and best done That is in the sense of being able to get modules in and out of it and adapt to it and add to it and expand on it SOS is still probably better than any of the popular operating systems on
24. from the Apple IT Apple s Bruce Daniels memo of June 14 1979 It had to access more memory provide better graphics offer a real keyboard capable of upper and lower case and a new OS It also had to be backwards compatible with the II That forced Sander and his team to design the using the Apple II CPU and make many other compatibility concessions that would not have been necessary otherwise THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 4 OF 22 Also on the hardware side Sander had to contend with Steve Jobs demand that there be no fan and an upcoming FCC edict that computers must be shielded to prevent radio interference The final solution was an all in one case that basically was a giant heat sink and RF shield An automotive engine foundry got the contract to manufacture the s heavy aluminum case This led to major problems Since the case had no flexibility the motherboard could only be a certain size with little room for growth The memory card had to be piggybacked on top of the motherboard since there was no room anywhere else For more on the s design challenges see www landsnail com apple local design apple3 html We ve talked about the emulation issues In that June 1979 memo Daniels wrote about software development for the He said that it would include an Apple II emulation mode that provides an architecture that is as close to the current Apple II as feasible so that i
25. hed to the motherboard via two connectors many pins each single sided Connectors were not gold so when heated within a closed case they became corroded and did not transmit signals correctly Memory signals governed the whole system timing The fix was to use double sided gold connectors that mechanically fit better and did not corrode The problem not noticed in the III development laboratory since systems did not have cases and there was minimal heat build up generated Systems run continuously the whole day Heat was not just a problem affecting the memory card It turned out the chips on the motherboard would pop out during shipping or pop out of their sockets after only a few hours of on and off use heating and cooling caused the chips to literally wiggle out of their sockets This led to the famous two inch drop where owners would pick their machine up and drop it two inches to reseat the chips And there were other problems a promised built in clock calendar chip did not work and there was very little software people complained I spent 4000 and got Visicalc and a paperweight Finally AppleWriter developer Paul Lutus wrote October 1980 indicating a serious problem with the keyboard reset function that could cause the to hang This was a disaster in the making since the was the next generation replacement for the II that was supposed to be a machine businesses could reliably use Apple had to do something quickly
26. mpany with the and one of the downfalls was that we were too smart We knew the proper ways to do all sorts of things and we didn t allow hackers to do things their own random ways I feel we were wrong to believe in our religion users should only use a good product like SOS if its better than their application not because the company Apple feels only one way is right It s a good lesson to learn The is still difficult to find out how to do your own thing on In that December 1984 Byte article he added somewhat bitterly When we came out with the Apple III the engineering staff canceled every Apple II engineering program that was ongoing in expectation of the Apple III s success Every single one was canceled We really perceived that the Apple II would not last six months So the company was almost all Apple III people and we worked for years after that to try and tell the world how good the Apple III was because we knew There is a lot to somebody s perception or image of a machine and how good it is How many of my friends have them How many people in the world have them The Apple II was a failure the first year as a product it had a bad image When you give a bad first impression you can go for five years trying to overcome it It was unfortunate the way things worked out because we probably put 100 million in advertising promotion and research and development into a product that was 3 percent of our revenues
27. nline Internet sites listed in this FAQ offer articles and resources for users and hobbiests including the posting of comments The Apple DVD contains an archive of articles from many user groups over two decades or so On Three published an excellent magazine that came out for years It provided a wide range of reviews usually of its own products beginners tutorials and a letters section Back issues are no longer available 17 WERE THERE ANY APPLE BOOKS Only a few books were ever written about the Apple There are three specific books worth mentioning The Osborne Mcgraw Hill Guide To Your Apple is the first book on the list The other two are by Eddie Adamis Basic Keywords for the Apple and Business Basic for the Apple The Guide covers only the Apple and not the Plus version The author is Stanley M Miastokowski It s a good beginning level text for new owners and good to have for us older SARAsaurs who ve had their machines around for a while It has a good overview of Business Basic and sections on the Audio and Grafix drivers that are excellent WAP is trying to get it placed into the public domain The Adamis texts are straightforward no nonsense books that essentially describe Business Basic version 1 1 its key words and provides examples The only other specific book on the market at one point was Using Apple Business Computers by Kenniston Lord Jr It discusses Business Basic from a number
28. of the Disney movie Tron probably already know Take a look at http www cedmagic com history tron apple3 html for more information Here s the picture THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 18 OF 22 27 What About A Poem Was One Ever Written About the Thanks again to David Craig for passing this along THE LAND OF ORPHANED FAMILIES by Steve Fleming c 1980s There was in this great world of ours The greatest kingdom ever known Its name was simply Computerdom And thousands called it home Now this kingdom was divided By beliefs and values and cash Apple and IBM were two of the groups And often would they clash But this is not my story For my story has to do With a few small families in Apple Called and Mac and Now was doing very nice And he had a bit of land He called his three estates c and e And the ruler of Apple smiled upon this man The Macs were new in town They had quite a bit to do They weren t sure they d make it Being next door to And now I come to the saddest group Of all those in this land The family called had tried But could not make their stand The ruler of Apple had not liked them Since they first began He said they caused him trouble And cost him money and food and land But the family was a hearty bunch And they would not give in They worked through jeers and
29. opening It did NOT prevent the use of a slot one card There s some information about this on the Apple DVD The price at the time was 27 00 plus 5 00 postage to Dr Buggie Stephen Buggie Ph D buggie unm edu Dept of Psychology ED Univ of New Mexico 200 College Rd Gallup NM 87301 THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 14 OF 22 15 WHERE CAN I FIND THE PINOUTS FOR AN RGB MONITOR Apple published a circuit for this in the s Owner Manual Page 135 Appendix C but it is wrong On Three published the correct circuit as part of its Draw On Three manual but the quality is poor and not readable via scan The Draw On program disk has an image but we ve also scanned it for you below D D Meisel published an article about this A New RGB Circuit for the which is available on the Apple DVD nian Wr jy 12306 E A N3904 Imama W Tople 7 l a gt aN Nae oe stare al connector ER i Red SKA 10 turr trimmers e 191 KRB py 3 KSYNCH heat ive synch 2N3906 ia A KA ANN fs GROUND ell a A Ground W LANA N k VVT h aae A A Heg Green chee Vee y ft Baur 15 45 VOLTS ey to circuit a_i 2N3906 a w at NIIA VO DA i Sta 5A ne A tent 16 ARE THERE ANY APPLE NEWSLETTERS OR MAGAZINES LEFT There have been no Apple magazines or newsletters for many years but some user groups still publish articles on occasion usually o
30. per line 7 Sound 64 volume settings and over seven octaves 8 Speaker Capable of speech producing quality 9 Monitor ports RGB or any video device NTSC 80 column monocrome 10 Real time clock location 3 B on motherboard 11 Two Joystick ports A amp B Silentype printer can share port A 12 Diagnostics in ROM 13 Audio output SOS Audio Driver can be rewritten to your needs 14 Built in security mount to prevent theft 15 256k RAM ability 512k potential without strain 16 Four expansion ports THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 9 OF 22 4 WHAT ABOUT SOS THE S OPERATING SYSTEM 1 First ever written to be user friendly 2 Data base capabilities Hierarchical file structure 3 Manages ALL memory locations and I O 4 One disk format for ALL allows file sharing and communication 5 Able to share files with Apple e IIc and IIGS ProDos systems 6 Easily updated without hurting existing compatibilities 7 Ability to rewrite software drivers instead of changing hardware 8 Will locate which drive a file is in for you 9 Error proof menu system 10 Automatic date time stamping of every file 11 Any destruction of data requires confirmation 12 Interrupt driven 13 Device independent I O 14 Stores information using all empty space 15 Programs that request printing could continue during printing 16 Powerful drivers for graphics console audio printer and RS
31. ple removed the Apple line from its product list in September 1985 Fradin says a total of 75 000 s were sold all together other sources say 85 000 He told David Craig some of the other reasons that helped doom the computer Part of the problem was that the was Steve Job s bastard child He was the VP of product development in 1980 when it was introduced with chips that slipped out in shipping and without an operating system SOS was not really usable for programming until early 83 Second as forward looking as Jobs is he did not want any competition in the market place for his beloved Mac He thought the Mac was a business machine even though when it was introduced it did not have a second floppy drive a hard disk a letter quality printer no accounting package and the largest program one could run was 10KB When confronted with the plans to market the Mac as a business computer and lacking the key elements Sculley s response to the Personal Computer Systems division wide meeting was we will market with mirrors Mirror based marketing worked so well that in January 1985 Mac sales dropped to 4 units 1500 Apple employees lost their jobs and Jobs was gone a few months later Apple co founder Steve Wozniak had his own take on why the was essentially doomed from the start In an on line conference dated 16 October 1983 for the CompuServe MAUG discussion group Wozniak wrote We expanded to a 2 product co
32. te number 1000 from bank 7 without doing any special bank switching operations This extended addressing made the a very unique machine for its time As for the s microprocessor clock speed applications could control this The speed could be set to either 1 MHz or 2 MHz Normal operations were done with the clock running at 2 MHz so these operations would run as fast as possible But when peripheral devices needed to be accessed the application had to set the clock speed to 1 MHz This was necessary since the s peripheral input output system was based on the Apple II computer s input output system which ran at 1 MHz THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 10 OF 22 5 IS MY APPLE STILL USEFUL TODAY The Apple is now a collector s item For its time it was an excellent text based computer with software that allowed it to do many basic and some amazing computing chores it did have some graphics capabilities thanks to programs like Draw On It still has one of the best keyboards ever made for a computer It can do basic word processing spread sheet work and some graphics For many years it could do text based Internet and email as well For collectors it is still a fun machine to own Some ers continue to use and enjoy the machine In fact users all over the world continue to buy disks so someone is still turning our SARA on occasionally Look to eBay or other auction site for
33. ts software will run with little or no modification Unfortunately it may not have been clear at that point that the hardware design forced on Sander and his team would not only doom emulation mode to a shadow of what Daniels said was needed or thought would be part of the design but would also guarantee it would be difficult for the to survive in the marketplace As it turned out not only would full emulation have been very expensive to provide on the software side but it would also have required a number of additional chips on the motherboard that did not have the space for them Titan later was able to fully emulate the Ile with two plug in cards As a result Sara was stuck running 48k Apple II programs it was not 100 compatible and emulation mode was not easy to use An internal memo by Apple Engineer Bob Etheredge in 1981 admitted that emulation mode has cost the company several man years in development testing and support and has severely handicapped the Apple s hardware design e g choice of processor i o mapping video capability etc C Introduction Problems Few developers came on board at the beginning they were too busy working on Apple II products SOS 1 0 was developer unfriendly and Apple did little to ensure there would be new software packages to start despite that 1979 memo which specifically said the software for this system will be critical to impact and success of this product Another m
34. uited for sophisticated small business and professional applications it deftly handles accounting financial modeling data base management word processing graphics communications all your business needs Later comments added With more than 400 business programs available for the Apple there s a good chance that the program you need is on the shelf at your local authorized Apple dealer In addition the Apple Softcard System opens up more than 3000 CP M programs to the Apple And thousand of Apple II Plus programs run on the Apple in emulation mode The heart of the was its operating system known as SOS for Sophisticated Operating System It was considered to have been one of the best operating systems for small computers of its day It was so good in fact that Apple later based its ProDos Operating System for the Apple e c and GS on SOS Apple said of SOS in the Buyer s Guide One of the Apple s strongest features and one of its least visible is its Sophisticated Operating System SOS More than 400 application programs written for the Apple are based on SOS the first operating system to bring a truly flexible range of services to the personal computer What SOS means for you is this it simplifies using your Apple It s not necessary for example to know which disk drive contains the information or file you need which slot the interface card for an accessory oc
35. urces including Apple s own diagnostic disks all on the Apple DVD David Craig has about 600 pages of Profile service and theory information if you are looking for help on this Apple hard drive He also has a comprehensive set of schematics and other information Apple offered comprehensive technical manuals for Business Basic Pascal The A3 language of choice COBOL and FORTRAN A version of Forth called Go Forth was developed by Stephen Smith and distributed by Frank Moore s Pair Software again see the Apple DVD Again there are also online resources like http www apple3 org that offers various manuals and other resources 19 WHERE CAN I LEARN MORE ABOUT 6502 MACHINE LANGUAGE The WWW has become a godsend for anyone who wants to learn about programming in assembly code and older computers like the Apple One online book to look at is called Machine Language For Beginners by Richard Mansfield at http www atariarchives org mlb A great site for 6502 programming is www 6502 org Beyond that a quick Google search will turn up many sites that offer great resources for budding 6502 programmers 20 WHAT KIND OF COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE WAS AVAILABLE There were a number of communications programs produced for the Apple over the years but there are three generally considered to be the best a Access Interp Version An excellent assembly language terminal program that can provide VT100 emulation
36. y 1980 The Apple and its New ProFile BYTE magazine Sep 1982 An Apple Guide for Humans Apple Orchard Sep 1982 The Apple Nobody Knows Apple Orchard multi part series Using SOS Apple Orchard Mar 1984 Histories Fire in the Valley The Making of the Personal Computer Freiberger 1984 The Little Kingdom The Private Story of Apple Computer Moritz 1984 West of Eden The End of Innocence at Apple Computer Rose 1989 A Family for the III Plus Softalk Jan 1984 Apple Confidential Owen Linzmayer 2003 THE APPLE FAQ FILE V 5 2 DAVID OTTALINI FEBRUARY 2006 PAGE 21 OF 22 Linzmayer s Apple history chapter The Apple III Fiasco is in David Craig s opinion the most comprehensive and accurate history of the Apple computer If you read one history of the make it this book it also has great information about other Apple computers such as the Macintosh and Lisa Owen sells this book directly from his web site at www owenink com An earlier version of this book called The Mac Bathroom Reader also has great Apple information Technical overviews IHI Bits John Jeppson s Guide Tour of Highway III Softalk May 1983 Software Developers and the Apple Apple Orchard Winter 1981 1982 Apple Applications Will Someone Please Tell Me What an Apple Can Do Sep 1983 96 pages Resource Guide for Apple and Apple Plus Software and Hardware May 1984 98 pages 30 OK I M STUMPED
37. ys is eBay or other online auction site or the Apple Listserve mentioned above The has become a collectors item and folks are offering up hardware and software all the time It is amazing to see what the prices are at times hard to find hardware or software can fetch a decent price considering Collectors routinely look for extra machines to use for parts Some folks have also had luck at Goodwill and other similar stores 13 WHERE CAN I GET MY APPLE REPAIRED OR FILES CONVERTED There are no vendors left that do Apple repairs Individual owners have had to become resourceful when making repairs If you have problems contact the author directly or try to find a collector in your area who still has some experience with the Check with the Apple listserve for help Anyone wishing to be listed as a resource here please contact the author Similarly there are still ers out there including this author willing to help convert Apple files to Mac or PC Contact the author of this FAQ for more information 14 WHAT ABOUT AN OUTBOARD POWER SUPPLY FOR THE APPLE Many years ago Washington Apple Pi worked with Dr Stephen Buggie to developed a new cheap power supply for the This was an outboard power supply originally made for use in PCs It worked great and supplied ample power for the and four slots worth of cards The cable from the new power supply snakes into the from the back through the Slot 1
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