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Manual de Debian Edu / Skolelinux 7.1+edu0

1. 64 17 6 3 4 Editar el registro de Windows 64 17 6 4 Redirecting profile directories 65 17 6 4 1 Redirecting using machine policies 65 17 6 4 2 Redirecting using global policies 65 17 6 5 Avoiding roaming profiles 65 17 6 5 1 Disabling roaming using a local policy 65 17 6 5 2 Disabling roaming using global policies 65 17 6 5 3 Disabling roaming in smb conf 65 17 7 Remote Desktop 4 daten he ae me RE Es EE Se RE de 66 17 7 1 Remote Desktop Service 66 17 7 2 Clientes de escritorio remoto disponible 66 17 8 HowTos de wiki debian org 66 IV INDICE INDICE 18 Samba en Debian Edu 66 16 1 Como empezar ula ges oo Bon A a me She eo he ges 66 18 1 1 Acceder los archivos mediante Samba 67 18 2 Domain Membership 67 182 1 Windows hosiname mero sash ie mate ut EE EE Age eke us 67 18 2 2 Unirse al dominio SKOLELINUX con Windows XP 67 18 2 3 Unirse al dominio SKOLELINUX con Windows Vista 7 68 18 3 First Domain Logon
2. 68 19 HowTos for teaching and learning 69 19 1 Moodle sea ee Ae He ad EN os OO OS ee ee Be eG 69 19 2 Teaching Prolog sus sens Bae ea Lots RE ew RE EMS hw aE ERE EE de 69 19 3 Monitoring pupils s s soes a 644 4 See ed eee dass ew Eee eat 69 19 4 Restricting pupils network access 69 19 5 Smart Board integration 69 19 5 1 Providing the repository on tjener 69 19 5 2 Add the needed packages to the PXE installation image 70 19 5 3 Adding the SmartBoard software manually after installation 70 19 6 HowTos de wiki debian org 70 20 HowTos for users 70 20 1 Changing passwords 4 coe sag eue pe daim ae ue eci g p AR Bee de eee a 70 ZOZ AVA que yeh wok RIM hie SERRE pes EAPO tren oe RES A A A 71 20 2 1 running standalone Java applications 71 20 2 2 Running Java applications in the web browser 71 2019 Using email atenta de ERA Go arene Bante o a EN Run 71 20 3 1 Obtener un ticket Kerberos para leer correos en las estaciones de trabajo sin disco 71 20 4 Volume control 71 21 Contribuir 72 21 1 D jenos saber que existes 72 21 2 Contributelocally 2 2 i ia e Luis ae OR oe a une es ee da da 72
3. 83 29 2 8 More software changes 83 29 2 9 Other LDAP related changes 84 292 T0 Other Changes eae ae ado pci Dee dolors Je a 84 29 3 Nuevas caracter sticas en 5 0 6 edul nombre c digo Lenny publicado el 05 10 2010 84 29 4 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian Edu 5 0 4 edu0 Lenny publicado el 2010 02 08 85 29 5 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian 5 0 4 sistema en el cual esta basado Debian Edu 5 0 4 edu0 86 29 6 Caracter sticas nuevas en la versi n 3 0 Terra publicado el 12 05 2007 86 29 7 New features in the 3 0r0 Terra release 2007 07 22 86 29 8 Caracter sticas de la versi n 2 0 publicada el 14 03 2006 87 29 9 Caracter sticas de la versi n 1 0 venus publicado el 20 06 2004 87 29 10M s informaci n sobre versiones m s anteriores 87 VI 2 ACERCA DE DEBIAN EDU Y SKOLELINUX 1 Manual para Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy Este es el manual de Debian Edu Wheezy 7 1 edu0 La versi nen http wiki debian org DebianEdu Documentation Wheezy es un wiki ac tualizado frecuentemente Las Traduccionesson parte del paquete debian edu doc que puede ser instalado en un servidor web y que esta disponible en linea 2 Acerca de Debian Edu y Skolelinux Debian Edu a k a Skolelinux es una distribuci n basada en Debi
4. 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 3 Solicite un CD DVD por correo 6 2 3 Imagen del c digo fuente La imagen del c digo fuente esta disponible v a debian edu 7 1 edu0 source DVD iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 source DVD iso rsync v progress ftp skolelinux org skolelinux cd debian edu 7 1 edu0 source USB iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 source USB iso 6 3 Solicite un CD DVD por correo Para quienes que no poseen una conexi n a Internet r pida nosotros podr amos enviarle un CD o DVD por el precio del mismo y su env o Solamente envie un correo a cd skolelinux noy podremos discutir acerca de los detalles del pago del disco y el env o Recuerde incluir la direcci n a la que desea le sea env ado su CD DVD dentro del email 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu Cuando hace una instalaci n Debian Edu tiene que elegir entre algunas opciones Pero no se preocu pe son pocas Hemos hecho una buena labor ocultando la complejidad de Debian durante la instalaci n Aunque Debian Edu es Debian si lo quiere hay m s de 15 000 paquetes para elegir en Debian y millo nes de opciones de configuraci n Pero para la mayor parte de nuestros usuarios las que ponemos por defecto son las necesarias 6 4 1 Seleccione el tipo de instalaci n Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu Instalar es el modo de instalaci n predetermina
5. It is useful to upgrade the LTSP environment with new packages fairly often to make sure security fixes and improvements are made available To upgrade run these commands as user root on each LTSP server 61 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 5 Reemplazar LDM con KDM ltsp chroot a i386 esto hace chroot opt ltsp i386 y m s tambi n previen E que los demonios inicien aptitude update aptitude upgrade aptitude dist upgrad exit 17 4 5 1 Instalaci n de software adicional en el entorno LTSP To install additional software for an LTSP client you must perform the installation inside the chroot of the LTSP server TESTING a 13980 opcionalmente edita el archivo sources list teditor etc apt sources list aptitude update aptitude install new_package exit 17 4 6 Slow login and security Skolelinux has added several security features on the client network preventing unauthorised su peruser access password sniffing and other tricks which may be used on a local network One such security measure is secure login using SSH which is the default with LDM This can slow down some client machines which are more than about ten years old with as little as a 160 MHz processor and 32 MB RAM Although it s not recommended you can add the value True in the opt 1tsp i386 etc lts conf file on the server LDM_DIRECTX True A Warning The above protects initial login but all activities after that use unencrypt
6. 29 2 2 Updated artwork and new Debian Edu Skolelinux logo visible during installation in the login screen and as desktop wallpaper Replace LWAT with GOsa as the LDAP administration interface See below and the Getting star ted chapter of the manual for more information on GOsa See below for a list of updated software Show welcome page to users when they first log in This default start page for Iceweasel is fetched from LDAP at installation and boot time for networked profiles Set to http www skolelinux org for Standalone installations New LXDE desktop option in addition to KDE default and GNOME As the GNOME option the LXDE desktop option is only supported by the CD installation method Speed up LTSP client boot Provide a KDE menu entry for changing the password in GOsa e For more information on how to change passwords including expired passwords at the KD M GDM login prompt please see the HowTos for users chapter of the manual Add link to http linuxsignpost org on the start page shown to new users All LTSP servers are also RDP servers by default Improve handing of removable media on thin clients Show desktop notification longer when in serting new media and provide an option to start dolphin when such media is inserted Installation changes New version of debian installer from Debian Squeeze see installation manual for more details Since root logins are no longer allowed when using gdm kdm
7. N 14 13 Acceso a servidores Debian Edu To avoid blowing electrical fuses it is a good idea to make sure all clients do not start at the same time There are two different methods available to wake up clients One uses a BIOS feature and requires a working and correct hardware clock as well as a motherboard and BIOS version supported by nvram wakeup the other requires clients to have support for wake on lan and the server to know about all the clients that need to be woken up 14 12 1 Como configurar shutdown at night On clients that should turn off at night touch etc shutdown at night shutdown at night or add the hostname that is the output from uname n on the client to the netgroup shutdown at night hosts Adding hosts to the netgroup in LDAP can be done using the GOsa web tool The clients might need to have wake on lan configured in the BIOS It is also important that the switches and routers used between the wake on lan server and the clients will pass the WOL packets to the clients even if the clients are turned off Some switches fail to pass on packets to clients that are missing in the ARP table on the switch and this blocks the WOL packets To enable wake on lan on the server add the clients to etc shutdown at night clients with one line per client IP address first followed by MAC address ethernet address separated by a space or create a script etc shutdown at night clients generator to gene
8. PXE boot and the kernel modules are fetched from the LTSP chroot Tambi n es buena idea instalar cron apt y apt listchanges y configurarlos para que le env e corre electr nico cron apt will notify you once a day via email about any packages that can be upgraded It does not install these upgrades but does download them usually in the night so you don t have to wait for the download when you do apt get upgrade Automatic installation of updates can be done easily if desired it just needs the unattended upgr ades package to be installed and configured as described on wiki debian org Unattended Upgrades apt listchanges can send new changelog entries to you via email or alternativly display them in the terminal when running aptitude or apt get 11 1 1 Mantente informado sobre actualizaciones de seguridad Running cron apt as described above is a good way to learn when security updates are available for installed packages Another way to stay informed about security updates is to subscribe to the De bian security announce mailinglist which has the benefit of also telling you what the security update is about The downside compared to cron apt is that it also includes information about updates for packages which aren t installed 44 11 MAINTENANCE 11 2 Gesti n de las copias de seguridad 11 2 Gesti n de las copias de seguridad For backup management point your browser to https www slbackup php Please note that you ne
9. To pass word protect the PXE installation options a file var lib tftpboot menupassword cfg can be created with content similar to this MENU PASSWD 4SNDROOTUZNTQINTQ5SS 7d6RvAlVCJRRRCi jt VSP fveuWPMS The password hash should be replaced with an MD5 hash for the desired password The PXE installation will inherit the language keyboard layout and mirror settings from the set tings used when installing the main server and the other questions will be asked during installation profile popcon participation partitioning and root password To avoid these questions the file etc debian edu www debian edu install dat can be modified to provide preselected answers to debconf values Some examples of available debconf values are already commented in etc debian edu www debian edu install dat Your changes will be lost as soon as debian edu pxeinst all is used to recreate the PXE installation environment To append debconf values to etc debian edu www debian edu install dat during recreation with debian edu pxeinstall add the file etc debian edu www debian edu install dat local with your additional debconf va lues More information about modifying PXE installations can be found in the Installation chapter 17 2 2 Agregar un repositorio personalizado para instalaciones PXE For adding a custom repository add something like this to etc debian edu www debian edu install dat local add the skole projects local
10. a user in LDAP is set up during installation of the Main Server This user is up as GOsa administrator and is also granted sudo access The Debian Edu menu reordering has been enabled as well by adding the user also to the teachers group The iso images can directly be copied onto USB flash drives for example by using dd or even cat New roaming workstation profile for laptops Device access for all users is handled by PolicyKit and no extra group memberships are needed to get access to devices A warning will be issued when installing on too small disks for the selected profile Simplify partitioning for Standalone installs to only have a separate home but no seperate usr anymore 81 29 AP NDICE C CARACTER STICAS DE 29 2 New features in Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 More tests in the test suite and correct some of the tests that failed earlier Make sure to report an error and abort the installation when trying to use the netinst images without a working Internet connection instead of silently installing a broken system 29 2 3 Actualizaciones de software Everything which is new in Debian Squeeze e compatibility with the FHS v2 3 and software developed for version 3 2 of the LSB e Linux kernel 2 6 32 e Desktop environments KDE Plasma 4 4 and GNOME 2 30 e Web browser Iceweasel 3 5 e OpenOffice org 3 2 1 e Educational toolbox GCompris 9 3 e Music creator Rosegarden 10 04 2 Image editor Gimp 2 6 10
11. coc a mm UE ban EE due SE RRO Eee Z VAS 25 Nagios save speed Gt EC Ra RG de e e a a 11 3 2 1 Advertencias comunes de Nagios y como manejarlas 11 3 2 1 1 DISK CRITICAL free space usr 309 MB 5 inode 47 11 3 2 1 2 APT CRITICAL 13 packages available for upgrade 13 critical Updates ao sus s sue ses awa eae ec ede ned eae 11 3 2 1 3 WARNING Reboot required running kernel 2 6 32 37 81 0 installed kernel 2 6 32 38 83 0 11 32 14 WARNING CUPS queue size 61 11 33 Sitesummary riada d e eats DE A LE Areas 11 4 M s informaci n sobre personalizaciones de Debian Edu 12 Actualizaciones 12 1 Notas generales sobre la actualizaci n 12 2 Actualizar desde Debian Edu Squeeze 12 2 1 La operaci n b sica para actualizar 12 2 2 El servicio LDAP necesita ser reconfigurado 12 2 3 Recrear un chroot LISP 12 3 Actualizar desde instalaciones antiguas de Debian Edu Skolelinux antes que Squeeze 13 Gu as 14 Gu as para administraci n general 14 1 Seguimiento de etc usando el sistema de control de versiones git 14 1 1 Ejemplos de uso ee 14 2 Redimensionando Particiones 14 2 1 Gesti n de vol menes l gicos
12. debian edu on irc debian org and even less frequently real gatherings where we meet each other in person New contributors should read our http wiki debian org DebianEdu ArchivePolicy A good way to learn what is happening in the development of Debian Edu is to subscribe to the commit mailinglist 214 Documentaci n para editores y traductores Este documento necesita de su ayuda No est finalizado todavia si lo lee notar varias lineas que dicen POR CORREGIR Si usted saber lo que se necesita corregir considere compartir su conocimiento con nosotros The source of the text is a wiki and can be edited with a simple webbrowser Just go to http wiki debian org DebianEdu Documentation Wheezy and you can contribute easily Note a user account is needed to edit the pages you need to create a wiki user first Another very good way to contribute and to help users is by translating software and documentation Information on how to translate this document can be found in the translations chapter of this book Please consider helping the translation effort of this book 72 23 NUEVAS CARACTERISTICAS EN DEBIN 22 Soporte 22 1 Soporte basado en voluntarios 22 1 1 in English um http wiki debian org DebianEdu um https init linpro no mailman skolelinux no listinfo admin discuss sup port mailing list debian edu on irc debian org IRC channel mostly development related do not expect real time s
13. puede ser usado para ajustar el volumen En otras computadoras estaciones de trabajo servidores LISP y estaciones de trabajo sin disco puede usar kmix O alsamixer 71 21 CONTRIBUIR 21 Contribuir 21 1 D jenos saber que existes Version 8 2 3 Skolelinux escuelas 2815 84 13 Existen usuarios de Debian Edu alrededor del mundo Una forma f cil de contribuir es dejarnos saber que existes y usas Debian Edu esto nos motiva y por lo tanto ya es una contribuci n valiosa 8 El proyecto Debian Edu provee una base de datos de escuelas y usuarios del sistema para ayudar a encontrarse entre ellos mismos y tambi n para dar una idea sobre la ubicaci n de los usuarios H ganos saber sobre su instalaci n de Debian Edu registr ndose en esta base de datos Para registrar su escuela useeste formulario web 21 2 Contribute locally Actualmente hay equipos locales en Noruega Alemania la regi n de Extremadura en Espa a Tai wan y Francia Contruibdores y usuarias aislados existen en Grecia Holanda Japan y otros lugares El cap tulo de soporte contiene explicaciones y enlaces a recursos localizados ya que contruibuir y apoyar son dos lados de la misma moneda 21 3 Contribuye a nivel global A nivel internacional estamos organizados en varios equipos que trabajan en distintas reas Most of the time the developer mailing list is our main medium for communication though we have monthly IRC meetings on
14. siguientes campos uid last name sn first name givenName y password Aseg rese de no duplicar datos en el campo uid Note que la revisi n de duplicados debe incluir los registros ya existentes en 7 INICIANDO 74 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa LDAP que puede ser obtenido ejecutando getent passwd grep tjener hom f1 en la linea de comando cut These are the format guidelines for such a CSV file GOsa is quite intolerant about them Use como separador de campos a Do not use quotes El archivo CSV no debe contener un encabezado no debe tener el nombre de la columna q El orden de los campos no es relevante y puede ser definido en GOsa durante la importaci n masiva Los pasos para importe masivo son E OM IE NewTeacher o NewStudent Haga clic en el enlace LDAP Manager en el men de navegaci n a la izquierda Haga clic en la pesta a Importar al lado derecho de la pantalla 5 Haga clic en el bot n Importar en la esquina inferior derecha Busque en su disco local el archivo CSV con la lista de usuarios que desea importar Eliga una plantilla de usuarios disponible que se aplicar durante la importaci n masiva como Es una buena idea el hacer pruebas antes de preferencia con un archivo CSV con usuarios ficticios que pueden ser eliminados despu s 7 4 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa Groups class Generic Startmenu ACL References Group name c
15. 1 LTSP client type selection Cada servidor LTSP tiene dos tarjetas de red una configurada en la subred principal 10 0 0 0 8 com partida con el servidor principal y otra que forma una subredlocal 192 168 0 0 24 una subred para cada servidor LTSP En la subred principal tendr el men PXE completo la sured separada para cada servidor LTSP le permite seleccionar solo clientes sin discos y ligeros LTSP Using the default PXE menu on the main subnet 10 0 0 0 8 a machine could be started as diskless workstation or thin client By default clients in the separate subnet 192 168 0 0 24 will run as diskless workstations if the amount of RAM is sufficient If all clients in this LTSP client subnet should run as thin clients the following has to be done 1 Abra el archivo opt ltsp i386 etc 1tsp update kernerl conf con un editor y reemplace la linea CMDLINE LINUX DEFAULT init sbin init ltsp quiet con CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT init sbin init ltsp LTSP FATCLIENT False quiet 2 Ejecute ltsp update kernels 17 2 Configurar el ment PXE La configuraci n PXE se genera usando el script debian edu pxeinstall Se permite que al gunas configuraciones sean reconfiguradas agregando el archivo etc debian edu pxeinstall conf con los valores que desea reemplazar 17 2 1 Configurar la instalaci n de PXE The PXE installation option is by default available to anyone able to PXE boot a machine
16. 14 3 Installing a graphical environment on the main server to use GOsa 144 Usar ldapyl gt s Le swe DU e dis Ed dE de ed e e ewe de de 14 5 JXplorer una interfaz gr fica para LDAP 14 6 Idap createuser krb una herramienta para l nea de comando 14 7 Using stable updates formerly known as volatile 14 8 Using backports debian org to install newer software 14 9 Actualizar con un CD o similar 14 10Automatic cleanup of leftover processes 14 11Instalaci n autom tica de actualizaciones de seguridad 14 12Apagado autom tico de las computadoras durante la noche 14 12 1 Como configurar shutdown at night 14 13Acceso a servidores Debian Edu ubicados detr s de un firewall 14 14Installing additional service machines for spreading the load from main server 14 15HowTos de wiki debian org 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 47 47 47 47 47 48 48 48 II INDICE INDICE 15 Advanced administration 53 15 1 Personalizaciones de usuarios con GOsa 53 15 1 1 Create Users in Year Groups 53 15 2 Other U
17. 49 14 GU AS PARA ADMINISTRACI N 144 Usar Idapvi 14 4 Usar Idapvi Idapvi es una herramienta para editar la base de datos LDAP con un editor de texto en la linea de comandos Lo siguiente necesita ser ejecutado Local ldap cont 44D en acman s Nota 1dapvi usar el editor de texto predeterminado Ejecutar export EDITOR vim en el int r prete de comandos puede configurar el entorno para tener un clon de vi como editor To add an LDAP object using Idapvi use object sequence number with the string add in front of the new LDAP object Adevertencia Ldapvi es una herramienta poderosa Sea cuidadoso y no da e la base de datos de LDAP la misma advertencia aplica para JXplorer 14 5 JXplorer una interfaz gr fica para LDAP If you prefer a GUI to work with the LDAP database check out the jxplorer package wich is installed by default To get write access connect like this host ldap intern port 636 Base dn dc skole dc skolelinux dc no Security level ssl user password User dn cn admin ou 1dap access Click This session only if asked for the certificate 14 6 Idap createuser krb una herramienta para l nea de comando ldap createuser krb is a small command line tool to create LDAP users and set their passwords in Kerberos It s mostly useful for testing though 14 7 Using stable updates formerly known as volatile Since the Squeeze release Debian has included packages formerly maintained
18. 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo 17 7 Iniciando 34 7 1 Pasos m nimos para iniciar ee 34 7 1 1 Servicios que corren en el servidor principal 34 7 2 Tntrodueci n a GOsa uh 6 oe eh ERR Wh Es EEE RRS a oR 35 7 2 1 GOsa Login plus Overview Lie ne Gi cre eased dees Sees oe 4S 36 7 3 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa eid ee aa a seeds ba ea ea ad aa 37 Zol Agregar usuarios siea lo a ee trae ete erreur 37 7 3 2 Buscar modificar y borrar usuarios 37 7 3 3 Establecer contrase as 38 INDICE INDICE 7 3 4 Administraci n avanzada de usuarios 7 4 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa 7 4 1 Gesti n de grupos en la linea de comando 75 Administraci n de equipos con GOsaz LL LL 7 5 1 Buscar y eliminar computadoras 7 5 2 Modificar equipos existentes Manejo del grupo de red 8 Printer Management 9 Sincronizaci n del reloj 10 Redimensionando particiones completas 11 Maintenance 11 1 Actualizar el software ee 11 1 1 Mantente informado sobre actualizaciones de seguridad 11 2 Gesti n de las copias de seguridad 11 3 Monitorizaci n del servidor 113 1 MUNIN
19. Clients set up to shut down at night will stay up for at least an hour if they are turned on manually between 16 00 and 07 00 Additionally use local NTP clock on the main server to ensure clients and server sync clocks also when disconnected from the Internet Access to Debian repositories is always done via a proxy on the main server read more about the implementation details using DHCP and WPAD The home0 partition is mounted nosuid to increase security Change KDE Akonadi configuration to reduce the disk footprint of every user from 144 to 24 MiB Nueva herramienta notify local users para enviar notificaciones de escritorio a todos los usuarios registrados en una computadora Util en servidores de clientes ligeros Nuevas caracteristicas en 5 0 6 edu1 nombre c digo Lenny publicado el 05 10 2010 Everything that is new in Debian 5 0 5 and 5 0 6 which includes support for some new hardware 5 0 5 and 5 0 6 are maintenance releases and generally don t add new features Several bugfixes including fixes for Skolelinux bugs 1436 1427 1441 1413 1450 and Debian bugs 585966 585772 585968 586035 and 585966 plus several which were not filed Merge new web pages from Squeeze the text is the same but it provides a new translation for zh compete translations for all included languages de es fr it nb nl ru zh and a rename of the no page to nb to reflect the language used Debian edu install Slovak translatio
20. Disabling roaming using a local policy Using local policies you can disable the roaming profile on individual machines This is often wanted on special machines for instance on dedicated machines or machines that have lower than usual bandwith You can use the machine policy method describe above the key is in Administrative Templates gt System gt User Profiles gt Only allow local profiles 17 6 5 2 Disabling roaming using global policies FIXME describe roaming profile key for the glo bal policy editor here 17 6 5 3 Disabling roaming in smb conf If perhaps everyone has their own dedicated machine and nobody else is allowed to touch it editing the Samba configuration will let you disable roaming profiles for the entire network You can alter the smb conf file on tjener unsetting the logon path and logon home variables then restart samba Laguna perla YU logon home 65 18 SAMBA EN DEBIAN EDU 17 7 Remote Desktop 17 7 Remote Desktop 17 7 1 Remote Desktop Service Beginning with this release choosing the thin client server profile or the combined server profile installs xrdp a package which uses the Remote Desktop Protocol to present a graphical login to a remote client Microsoft Windows users can connect to the thin client server running xrdp without installing additional software they simply start a Remote Desktop Connection on their Windows machine and connect Additionally xrdp can co
21. HOWTOS FOR TEACHING AND 19 HowTos for teaching and learning All the Debian packages on this page can be installed by running either aptitude install lt pa ckage gt or apt get install lt package gt as root 19 1 Moodle Moodle is a free Open Source course management system software designed using sound pedago gical principles to help educators create effective online learning communities You can download and use it on any computer including webhosts yet it can scale from a single teacher site to a University with 200 000 students Some schools in France use Moodle to keep track of students facilities and credit points There are moodle sites all over the world mostly concentrated in Europe and North America Check the site of an institution near you to get an idea about it More information is available at the moodle project page including documentation and support 19 2 Teaching Prolog SWI Prolog is an open source implementation of the programming language Prolog commonly used for teaching and semantic web applications 19 3 Monitoring pupils Some schools use control tools like Controlaula or iTALC to supervise their students See also the iTALC Wiki and the documentation in bug 511387 A Warning make sure you know the status of the laws about monitoring and restricting computer users activities in your jurisdiction 19 4 Restricting pupils network access Some schools use Squidguard or Dansg
22. If you want to be able to edit the proposed username open etc gosa gosa conf with an editor and add allowUIDProposa 1Modification true as an additional option to the location definition When the wizard has finished you are presented with the GOsa screen for your new user object Use the tabs at the top to check the completed fields After you have created the user no need to customise fields the wizard has left empty for now click on the Ok button in the bottom right corner As the last step GOsa will ask for a password for the new user Type that in twice and then click Set password in the bottom right corner Some characters may not be allowed as part of the password If all went well you can now see the new user in the user list table You should now be able to log in with that username on any Skolelinux machine within your network 7 3 2 Buscar modificar y borrar usuarios A Users My account Change password List of users GG Q O Base Students a Actions v Ye ae Y Default filter z Surname Given name Properties Actions Hi Show templates y r Hirsch Harry P A XDZ6A428 1 Newstudent NewStudent Show POSIX users A e Z Show SAMBA users Show mail users Search in subtrees A Edit filters To modify or delete a user use GOsa to browse the list of users on your system On the middle of the screen you may open the Filter box a search tool provided by GOsa If you don t k
23. copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA 27 2 LICENCIA PUBLICA GENERAL GNU Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed 76 27 APPENDIX A THE GNU GENERAL 27 3 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR 27 3 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MO DIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copy right holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Pro gram or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinaf ter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its c
24. credenciales de una cuenta con derechos de unirse al dominio Escriba SKOLELINUX Administrator en el campo nombre de usuario y la contrase a de usuario root del servidor principal luego haga clic en OK 6 Una ventana emergente de confirmaci n le dar la bienvenida al dominio SKOLELINUX Al hacer clic en OK tendr otro mensaje inform ndole que necesita reiniciar la computadora para que los cambios puedan aplicarse Haga clic en OK Despu s del reinicio cuando ingresa por primera vez haga clic en el bot n Opciones gt gt y selec cione el dominio SKOLELINUX en lugar del dominio local esta computadora Si el ingreso al dominio ha sido exitoso usted podr ver los detalles del equipo en GOsa en el men Sistemas 18 3 First Domain Logon Debian Edu ships some logon scripts that pre configure the Windows user profile on first logon When logging on to a Windows workstation that has joined the SKOLELINUX domain for the first time the following tasks are run 1 copy the user s Firefox profile to a separate location and register that with Mozilla Firefox on Windows 2 set up Web Proxy and start page in Firefox 3 set up Web Proxy and start page in IE 4 add a MyHome icon to the Desktop that points to drive H and opens Windows Explorer on double click Other tasks are run on every logon For further information on this please refer to the etc samba net logon folder on your Debian Edu main server 68 19
25. de introducir la contrase a de root se le solicitar crear una cuenta de usuario normal para tareas no administrativas Para Debian Edu esta cuenta de usuario es muy importante es la cuenta que se usar para administrar la red Skolelinux La contrase a para este usuario debe tener una longitud de al menos 5 caracteres de los con trario el ingreso al sistema no ser posible aunque el instalador acepte una contrase a menor Sonr e 6 4 3 Notas en algunas caracter sticas 6 4 3 1 Nota sobre equipos port tiles Most likely you will want to use the Roaming workstation profile see above Be aware that all data is stored locally so take some extra care over backups and login credentials are cached so after a password change logins may require your old password if you have not connected your laptop to the network and logged in with the new password 6 4 3 2 Nota sobre instalaciones con imagen multiarquitectura USB Blue ray Despu s de instalar desde una imagen multiarquitectura USB Blue ray etc apt sources list contendr fuentes de esa imagen Si tiene conexi n a Internet le sugerimos agregar las siguientes lineas para que las actuali zaciones de seguridad disponible se puedan instalar deb http ftp debian org debian wheezy main deb http security debian org wheezy updates main deb http ftp skolelinux org skolelinux wheezy local 6 4 3 3 Nota acerca de de la instalaci n con CD Una instalaci n
26. doesn t act as LTSP server To have ltspserver00 serve diskless workstations on the main 10 0 0 0 8 network when tjener is not a combined server follow these steps copy the 1tsp directory from var lib tftpboot on ltspserver00 to the same directory on tjener copy var lib tftpboot debian edu default diskless cfg to the same directory on tjener a edit var lib tftpboot debian edu default diskless cfg to use the IP address of lts pserver00 the following example uses 10 0 2 10 for the IP address of ltspserver00 on the main network iw EFAULT ltsp i386 vmlinuz initrd 1tsp i386 initrd img nfsroot 10 0 2 10 opt 1tsp i386 init sbin init ltsp boot nfs ro quiet ipappend 2 set the symlink in var lib tftpboot pxelinux cfg on tjener to point to var lib tftp boot debian edu default diskless cfg As an alternative you could use ldapvi search for next server tjener and replace tjener with Itspserver00 17 3 Changing network settings The debian edu config package comes with a tool which helps in changing the network from 10 0 0 0 8 to something else Have a look at usr share debian edu config tools subnet change Itis intended for use just after installation on the main server to update LDAP and other files that need to be edited to change the subnet A Note that changing to one of the subnets already used elsewhere in Debian Edu will not work 192 168 1 0 24 is already set up as the thin clien
27. e Virtual universe Celestia 1 6 0 Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0 10 4 Debian Squeeze includes over 10 000 new packages available for installation including the browser Chromium e Mas informaci n sobre Debian Squeeze 6 0 puede ser encontrada en las notas de publicaci n y el manual de instalaci n 29 2 4 Infrastructural changes The 10 0 0 0 8 network is used instead of 10 0 2 0 23 and the default gateway is 10 0 0 1 8 not 10 0 2 1 8 as used in the past e The dynamic DHCP range was extended on the backbone network to around 4k IP addresses and around 200 IP addresses for the thin client network e The DHCP network for 10 0 0 0 8 has been renamed from barebone to intern a There are no pre defined host entries for client systems in DNS anymore staticXX dhcpYY MIT Kerberos5 used for user authentication enabled for e PAM e IMAP e SMTP NFSv4 but without added Kerberos privacy integrity authentication The machines still have to be added to the workstat ion netgroup to be able to mount the home directories Full Samba NT4 domain support for Windows XP Vista 7 A complete PXE boot environment is setup when installing from the DVD so that further installa tions can be done using PXE network installs only A new script pxe addfirmware is provided to support more hardware models needing firmware Remove all hard coded settings on workstations and configure workstations and roaming works tations using sett
28. ejecuta el siguiente comando como root apt get install killer 14 11 Instalaci n autom tica de actualizaciones de seguridad unattended upgrades is a Debian package which will install security and other updates auto matically If you plan to use it you should have some means to monitor your systems such as installing the apt listchanges package and configuring it to send you emails about updates And there is always var log dpkg log Para instalar estos paquetes ejecute el siguiente comando como root apt get install unattended upgrades apt listchanges 14 12 Apagado autom tico de las computadoras durante la noche It is possible to save energy and money by automatically turning client machines off at night and back on in the morning The package will try to turn off the machine every hour on the hour from 16 00 in the afternoon but will not turn it off if it seems to have users It will try to tell the BIOS to turn on the machine around 07 00 in the morning and the main server will try to turn on machines from 06 30 by sending wake on lan packets These times can be changed in the crontabs of individual machines Some considerations should be kept in mind when setting this up The clients should not be shut down when someone is using them This is ensured by checking the output from who and as a special case checking for the LDM ssh connection command to work with LTSP thin clients 51 14 GU AS PARA ADMINISTRACI
29. everything nas server intern exports removing the need to list individual mount points in LDAP add cn nas server ou auto skole ou automount dc skole dc skolelinux dc no objectClass automount cn nas server automountInformation fstype autofs timeout 60 ldap ou auto nas server ou automount dc skole dc skolelinux dc no add ou auto nas server ou automount dc skole dc skolelinux dc no objectClass top objectClass automountMap OU auto nas Server add cn ou auto nas server ou automount dc skole dc skolelinux dc no objectClass automount cing y automountInformation fstype nfs tcp rsize 32768 wsize 32768 rw intr hard nodev nosuid noatime nas server intern amp Add the relevant entries in tjener intern etc fstab because tjener intern does not use automount to avoid mounting loops e Create the mount directories using mkdir edit etc fstab as adequate and run mount a to mount the new resources 55 16 HOWTOS FOR THE DESKTOP Now users should be able to access the files on nas server intern directly by just visiting the tjener nas server storage directory using any application on any workstation LTSP client or LTSP server 16 HowTos for the desktop 16 1 Modificar la pantalla de inicio de KDM Personalizaciones a la pantalla de inicio de KDM se pueden hacer agregando un archivo en etc default kdm d especificando las varia
30. fija Las listas de correo est n configuradas utilizando la informaci n en la base de datos de usuario dando a cada clase su propia lista de correo Los clientes est n configurados para enviarcorreo al servidor usando smarthost y los usuarios pueden acceder a su correo personal mediante IMAP Todos los servicios usan el mismo nombre de usuario y contrase a gracias a la base de datos centra lizada para autenticaci n y autorizaci n de usuarios Para incrementar el rendimiento al acceder frecuentente a los mismos sitios de internet hay un proxy que cachea localmente los archivos Squid Junto al bloqueo de tr fico web en el router este tambi n permite el control de acceso a Internet individualmente para cada puesto La configuraci n de red en los clientes se hace autom ticamente con DHCP Los clientes normales reciben direcciones IP en el rango privado 10 0 0 0 8 y los clientes ligeros se conectan a su servidor de clientes ligeros mediante la subred separada 192 168 0 0 24 esto asegura que el tr fico de los clientes ligeros no interfiera con el resto de los servicios de red El registro de sucesos est centralizado de forma que todas las computadoras env an sus mensajes al servidor El servicio syslog est configurado para aceptar s lo mensajes entrantes desde la red local Por defecto el servidor de DNS est configurado con un dominio para uso interno intern contra un servidor de DNS real externo que puede configurars
31. folder This is quite difficult for many non experienced users It is possible to have the default KDE Plasma file manager Dolphin showing up if KDE Plasma or LDXE if installed in parallel to KDE Plasma is in use as desktop environment To configure this simply execute usr share debian edu config ltspfs mounter kde enable on the termi nal server When using GNOME device icons will be placed on the desktop allowing easy access In addition the following script could be used to create the symlink media for all users in their home folder for easy access to USB drives CDROM DVD or whatever media is connected to the thin client This might come in handy if users want to edit files directly on their plugged in media bin bash home_path skole tjener home0 shared_folder media permissions 775 created_dir 0 for home in ls Shome_path do if d Shome_path S home shared_folder then ln s media home home_path Shome shared_folder created_dirt 1 else cho the folder home_path S home shared_folder already exists n cn done echo Screated dir folders has been created 54 15 ADVANCED ADMINISTRATION 15 3 Use a dedicated storage server 15 2 2 1 Advertencia sobre medios removibles en servidores LTSP Warning When inserted into an LTSP server USB drives and other removable media cause popup messages on remote LTSP clients If remote users acknowledge the popup or use pmount
32. for this device 41 7 INICIANDO 75 Administraci n de equipos con GOsa f Systems auto mac 00 04 76 d3 Generic NIS Netgroup ACL References Properties Workstation name yys01 intern Description Location Basement Base I Network settings IP address 10 0 0 2 MAC address 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 Auto detect 7 Enable DHCP for this device Parent node tjener dhcp xi Edit settings f Systems ws01 unconfigured Please select the desired NIS Netgroups O QO O Base in Ne Common name Students all students Teachers all teachers all hosts Mode Activated gt Syslog server default Inherit time server attributes NTP server ntp tjener gt Add Delete 2 Enable DNS for this device Zone TJENER intern TIL DNS records Description All netgroup members My account Change password Add My account Change password cups queue autoflush hosts cups queue autoreenable hosts fsautoresize hosts Itsp server hosts netblock hosts printer hosts server hosts shutdown at night hosts winstation hosts da Es Es Do Es Es Es Es Es Es Es D D workstation hosts Flush CUPS print queues automatically every night Re enable CUPS print queues automatically every hour Run debian edu fsautoresize automatically All LTSP servers Hosts where network blocking shou
33. image which behaves like the DVD image but is too big to fit on a DVD 73 23 NUEVAS CARACTER STICAS EN DEBIN 23 1 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian Edu 23 1 3 Actualizaciones de software Todo lo nuevo en Debian Wheezy 7 1 por ejemplo e Linux kernel 3 2 x e Desktop environments KDE Plasma 4 8 4 GNOME 3 4 Xfce 4 8 6 and LXDE 0 5 5 KDE Plasma is installed by default to choose GNOME Xfce or LXDE see manual e Web browser Iceweasel 17 ESR LibreOffice 3 5 4 e LTSP 5 4 2 e GOsa 2 7 4 e CUPS print system 1 5 3 e Educational toolbox GCompris 12 01 e Music creator Rosegarden 12 04 e Image editor Gimp 2 8 2 e Virtual universe Celestia 1 6 1 e Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0 11 3 e Scratch visual programming environment 1 4 0 6 e Nueva versi n de debian installer de Debian Wheezy vea el manual de instalaci n para m s detalles Debian Wheezy includes about 37000 packages available for installation e More information about Debian Wheezy 7 1 is provided in the release notes and the installa tion manual 23 1 4 Actualizaciones en documentaci n y traducciones Translation updates for the templates used in the installer These templates are now available in 29 languages The Debian Edu Wheezy Manual is fully translated to German French Italian and Danish Partly translated versions exist for Norwegian Bokmal and Spanish 23 1 5 LDAP related changes Slight changes to some objects a
34. locall comment string SMART Repo i apt setup locall key string http www debian swbuild asc i pkgsel include string smart activation smart common smart gallerysetup smart hwr smart languagesetup smart notebook smart notifier smart product drivers 2 0 Update the preseed file usr sbin debian edu pxeinstall After this new installations via PXE will have the SmartBoard software installed 19 5 3 Adding the SmartBoard software manually after installation The following instructions are for updating LTSP chroots Using an editor add the following lines to etc apt sources list in the chroot SMART Repo deb http www debian stable non free Start the editor like this ltsp chroot a i386 editor etc apt sources list Add the repository key and install the software ltsp chroot a i386 wget http www debian swbuild asc ltsp chroot a i386 apt key add swbuild asc ltsp chroot a i386 rm swbuild asc update the dpkg database and install the wanted packages ltsp chroot a i386 aptitude update ltsp chroot a i386 aptitude install smart activation smart common smart gallerysetup smart hwr smart languagesetup smart notebook smart notifier smart product drivers 19 6 HowTos de wiki debian org The HowTos fromhttp wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo are either user or developer specific Let s move the user specific HowTos over here and delete them over there But first ask the authors if
35. n a GOsa 7 21 GOsa Login plus Overview re GOsa Iceweasel y Ke X File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help Gosa db Directory structure Administration Users Groups Directory structure M Users an Groups a ACCERa Control Manage rganizations organizational iy Manag of user accounts like ed Mana ts of groups like e units s gt daria calities countries and more generic a and mail memb Object groups settings Access control jown to attribute and actior and mail settings Sudo rules NIS Netgroups Object groups Sudo rules NIS Netgroups Systems Combine different types of objects to Manage all aspects of system wide NIS Netgroups management 7 Manage systems their services and Systems make use of this relationship sudoers definition fl us prepare them for use with GOsa Preferences Addons LDAP tools or Excel snapshots of the E After logging in to GOsa you will see the overview page of GOsa Next you can choose a task in the menu or click any of the task icons on the overview page For navigation we recommend using the menu on the left side of the screen as it will stay visible there on all administration pages offered by GOsa En Debian Edu la informaci n del sistema grupos y cuentas de usuario es guardada en un directorio de LDAP Esta informaci n es utilizada no solo por el servidor principal sino tambi n por las estaciones sin disco los servidores de clientes lig
36. n de errores es necesario sincronizar los relojes de todas las m quinas Para lograr esto el servidor Skolelinux tiene configurado un servidor NTP y todas las estaciones y clientes se configuran para sincronizar sus relojes con el servi dor El servidor debe sincronizar su propio reloj mediante NTP con alguna de las m quinas disponibles en Internet para asegurarse de que toda la red tenga la hora correcta Las impresoras se conectan donde sean necesarias bien directamente en la red o conectadas a un servidor estaci n de trabajo o servidor de cliente ligero El acceso a las impresoras se puede controlar para los usuarios de acuerdo con el grupo al que pertenezcan y puede hacerse con cuota y control de acceso a las impresoras 3 1 4 Servidor es LTSP Servidor es de cliente s ligero s Una red Skolelinux puede tener muchos servidores LTSP tambi n llamado servidor de clientes lige ros que pueden ser instalados seleccionando el perfil servidor de clientes ligeros EL servidor de clientes ligeros est configurado para recibir los registros de los clientes ligeros y reenviarlos al servidor central 3 1 5 Clientes ligeros Una configuraci n de cliente ligero permite a un PC ordinario funcionar como un terminal X Esto significa que la computadora arranca desde un disquete o desde el servidor a trav s de la red usando network PROM o PXE sin usar el disco duro local La configuraci n de cliente ligero que se usa es la de Linux T
37. other users directories and seeing that their files are readable The problem with the second solution is that few people are likely to make their files accessible even if they do not contain sensitive information and the content would be helpful to inquisitive users who want to learn how others have solved particular problems typically configuration issues 4 Requisitos Hay diferentes formas de usar una soluci n Skolelinux Puede instalarse en un s lo PC o en una amplia regi n con muchas escuelas operadas centralmente Esta variedad de configuraciones hace una gran diferencia en la forma de configurar las cosas dependiendo de los elementos de red servidores y puestos de cliente 4 1 Requisitos de hardware El prop sito de los diferentes perfiles es explicado en el cap tulo Arquitecturas de red Las computadoras corriendo Debian Edu Skolelinux deben tener procesadores i386 amd64 o powerpc Los servidores para clientes ligeros necesitan dos tarjetas de red cuando la arquitectura de red por defecto es usada REQUERIMIENTOS PARA UNA 4 2 Hardware conocido que funciona 4 2 e eth0 conectada a la red principal 10 0 0 0 8 e ethl es usada para servir la red de clientes ligeros 192 168 0 0 24 o 192 168 1 0 24 Considere al menos 2Gb de memoria RAM para 30 clientes y 4GB para 50 60 clientes El espacio en disco requerido depender de los perfiles que se utilizar n con cualquier disco ma yor de 25Gb se
38. que no se han unido al dominio SKOLELINUX 1 INICIO gt comando ejecutar 2 Escriba TJENER HOMES o TJENER lt username gt y presione enter 3 Escriba su datos de usuario y contrase a en la ventana de autenticaci n que aparece 4 gt una ventana de explorador de Windows se abrir y le mostrar los archivos y directorios en su directorio personal de Debian Edu Por defecto solamente home y netlogon son exportadas m s ejemplos para estudiantes y profeso res sobre como compartir pueden encontrarse en etc samba smb debian edu conf en el servidor principal de Debian Edu 18 2 Domain Membership To use Samba on TJENER as a domain controller your network s Windows workstations have to join the SKOLELINUX domain provided by the Debian Edu main server The first thing you have to do is to enable the SKOLELINUX Administrator account This account is not intended for day to day usage its current main purpose is to add Windows machines to the SKOLELINUX domain To enable this account log on to TJENER as the first user created during main server installation and run this command sudo smbpasswd e Administrator The password of SKOLELINUX Administrator has been preconfigured during the main server s installation Please use the system s root account when authenticating as SKOLELINUX Administrator Once you are done with your administrative work make sure to disable the SKOLELINUX Administrator account ag
39. server using network PROM or PXE without using a local client hard drive Estaciones de trabajo sin disco A diskless workstation runs all software locally The client machines boot directly from the LTSP server without a local hard drive Software is administered and maintained on the LTSP server but it runs on the diskless workstation Home directories and system settings are stored on the server too Diskless workstations are an excellent way of reusing newer hardware with the same low maintenance cost as with thin clients LTSP defines 320MB as the default minimum amount of RAM for diskless workstations If the amount of RAM is less the machine will boot as thin client Unlike workstations diskless worksta tions run without any need to add them with GOsa cause LDM is used to login and connect to the LTSP server The home directory is by default mounted using sshfs and not automount and NES This causes shared directories available via NES to not be available on diskless workstations The following steps can be used to get back the behaviour from Debian Edu Squeeze using auto mount NES and a display manager other than Idm Agregue DEFAULT DISPLAY MANAGER path to dm a lts conf o configurelo en LDAP Ase g rese que el manejador de pantalla est instalado en el chroot LTSP a Add the diskless workstations to LDAP with GOsa LTSP client firmware LTSP client boot will fail if the client s network card requires a non fre
40. siguiente manera Inicie KMail haga clic en Siguiente en el asistente seleccione IMAP como tipo de cuenta haga clic en Siguiente Escriba su nombre y su direcci n de correo electr nico username postoffice intern haga clic en Siguiente Revise si el nombre de usuario es el correo no escriba la contrasefia haga clic en Siguiente Kerberos le brinda un ingreso sencillo SMTP e IMAP asi no tendr que ingresar su contrase a Escriba postoffice intern dos veces como nombre de servidor haga clic en Fina lizar Cierre el tip del d a Haga clic en Configuraci nes en el men KMail selecciones Configurar KMail despu s haga clic en Cuentas Haga clic en Modificar luego en Continuar para aceptar mont el problema de certificado y Siempre OR Aplicar y una vez mas OR jEso es todo Ahora envie un correo de prueba a usted mismo Esto crear los directorio IMAP en el servidor Espere un poco despu s haga clic en Revisar correo en el men KMail Deber estar el correo que envi recientemente en el buz n de entrada debajo de intern 20 3 1 Obtener un ticket Kerberos para leer correos en las estaciones de trabajo sin disco If working on a diskless workstation you don t have a Kerberos TGT by default To get one click the credentials button in the system tray Enter your password and the ticket will be granted 20 4 Volume control En clientes ligeros pavucontrol o alsamixer pero no kmix
41. ssh_known_hosts extra on all load balanced servers The last step is very important because Itsp update sshkeys runs every time a server is booted and etc ltsp ssh_known_hosts extra is included if it exists Ar you save your new host file as opt 1lt sp i386 etc ssh ssh_known_hosts it will be erased when you reboot the server There are some obvious weaknesses with this setup All clients get their image from the same server which causes high loads on the server if many clients are booted at the same time Also the clients require that server to be always available without it they cannot boot or get an LDM server Therefore this setup is very dependent on one server which isn t very good Sus clientes ahora deber an tener balanceo de carga 17 4 4 Sonido con clientes LTSP LTSP thin clients support three different audio systems for applications ESD PulseAudio and ALSA ESD and PulseAudio support networked audio and are used to pass audio from the server to the clients ALSA is configured to redirect its sound via PulseAudio For selected applications only supporting the OSS audio system a wrapper is created by usr sbin debian edu 1tsp audiodivert to redirect their sound to PulseAudio Run this script without arguments to get a list of applications with such redirection enabled LTSP diskless workstations handle audio locally and have none of the special setup needed for net worked audio 17 4 5 Actualizaci n del entorno LTSP
42. t be group aware usr bin net groupmap add unixgroup students type domain ntgroup students comment All students in the school FIXME it would be even better to first also explain user groups for Windows with GOsa and then show an example for the command line If you want to check user groups on Windows you need to download the tool IFMEMBER EXE from Microsoft Then you can use this for example in the logon script which resides on tjener in etc samba net logon LOGON BAT 17 6 2 XP home Users bringing in their XP laptops from home can still connect to tjener using their skolelinux creden tials provided the workgroup is set to SKOLELINUX However they may need to disable the Windows firewall before tjener will appear in Network Neighbourhood or whatever it s called now 17 6 3 Managing roaming profiles Roaming profiles contain user work environments which include desktop items and settings Exam ples include personal files desktop icons and menus screen colours mouse settings window size and position application configurations and network and printer connections Roaming profiles are availa ble wherever the user logs on provided the server is available Since the profile is copied from the server to the machine during logon and copied back to the server during logout a large profile can make Windows login logout painfully slow There can be many reasons for a large profile but the most commo
43. they are happy with moving them and putting them under the GPL see the page histories to find them a http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo TeacherFirstStep incomplete but inter esting 20 HowTos for users 20 1 Changing passwords Casa usuario deberfa cambiar su contrase a usando GOsa Para hacerlo solo use un navegador web y vayaahttps www gosa Using GOsa to change the password ensures that Kerberos krbPrincipalKey LDAP userPass word and Samba sambaNTPassword and sambaLMPassword passwords are the same Changing passwords using PAM is working ie at the KDM GDM login prompt but this will only update the Kerberos password and not the Samba and GOsa LDAP password So after you changed your password at the login prompt you really should also change it using GOsa 70 20 HOWTOS FOR USERS 20 2 Java 20 2 Java 20 2 1 running standalone Java applications Standalone Java applications are supported out of the box by the OpenJDK Java runtime 20 2 2 Running Java applications in the web browser Running Java applets in the browser are supported out of the box by the OpenJDK Java runtime 20 3 Using email Todos los usuarios pueden enviar y recibir correos electr nicos en la red interna el administrador necesita configurar el servidor de correos exim4 para adaptarse a la situaci n local iniciando con dpkg reconfigure exim4 config Cada usuario que quiera usar KMail necesita configurarlo de la
44. used by the Squid proxy is resized the value for cache size in etc squid squid conf needs to be updated as well The helper script usr share debian edu config tools squid update cachedir is provided to do this automatically checking the current partition size of var spool squid and configuring Squid to use 80 of this as its cache size 14 2 1 Gesti n de vol menes l gicos Logical Volume Management LVM enables resizing the partitions while they are mounted and in use You can learn more about LVM from the LVM HowTo To extend a logical volume manually you simply tell the 1vextend command how large you want it to grow to For example to extend home0 to 30GB you use the following commands lvextend L30G dev vg_system skolett jenerthome0 resize2fs dev vg_system skole tjener home0 To extend home0 by additional 30G you insert a L 30G 14 3 Installing a graphical environment on the main server to use GOsa If you probably accidentally installed a pure main server profile and don t have a client with a web browser handy it s easy to install a minimal desktop on the main server using this command sequence in a non graphical shell as the user you created during the main server s installation first user sudo apt get update sudo apt get install gnome session gnome terminal iceweasel xorg despu s de la instalaci n inicie una sesi n en modo grafico para el primer usuario S STEUNE
45. will be given the power to become root using the sudo command Note that you will not be able to see the password as you type it Root password COS Please enter the same root password again to verify that you have typed it correctly Re enter password to verify 2000000008 l E Set up users and passwords A user account will be created for you to use instead of the root account for non administrative activities Please enter the real name of this user This information will be used for instance as default origin for emails sent by this user as well as any program which displays or uses the user s real name Your full name is a reasonable choice Full name for the new user Screenshot Go Back LS 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Set up users and passwords Select a username for the new account Your first name is a reasonable choice The username should start dal a lower case letter which can be followed by any combination of numbers and more lower case letters Username for your account jane Set up users and passwords A good password will contain a mixture of letters numbers and punctuation and should be changed at regular intervals Choose a password for the new user 000000000000 Please enter the same user password again to verify you have typed it correctly Re enter password to verify AAC Screenshot
46. 007 John Bildoy 2007 Joakim Seeberg 2008 J rgen Leibner 2009 2010 2011 2012 Oded Naveh 2009 Philipp H bner 2009 2010 Andreas Mundt 2010 Olivier Vitrat 2010 2012 Vagrant Cas cadian 2010 Mike Gabriel 2011 Justin B Rye 2012 David Pr vot 2012 Wolfgang Schweer 2012 2013 2014 and Bernhard Hammes 2012 and is released under the GPL2 or any later version Enjoy If you add content to it please only do so if you are the author You need to release it under the same conditions Then add your name here and release it under the GPL v2 or any later version licence 25 Copyright de la traducci n y Autores The Spanish translation is copyrighted by Jos L Redrejo Rodriguez 2007 Rafael Rivas 2009 2010 2011 2012 and Norman Garcia 2010 2012 2013 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The Bokm l translation is copyrighted by Petter Reinholdtsen 2007 H vard Korsvoll 2007 2008 Tore Skogly 2008 Ole Anders Andreassen 2010 Jan Roar Red 2010 Ole Erik Yrvin 2014 Ingrid Yrvin 2014 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The German translation is copyrighted by Holger Levsen 2007 Patrick Winnertz 2007 Ralf Gese llensetter 2007 2009 Roland F Teichert 2007 2008 2009 J rgen Leibner 2007 2009 2011 Ludger Sicking 2008 2010 Kai Hatje 2008 Kurt Gramlich 2009 Franziska Teichert 2009 Philipp Hiibner 2009 Andreas Mundt 2009 2010 a
47. 21 3 Contribuye a nivel global 72 21 4 Documentaci n para editores y traductores 72 22 Soporte 73 22 1 Soporte basado en Voluntarios 73 221 VM Englsk dadas le ee Sl es de a a a ee eer ee a 78 221 20 NOrWesld a poda guy a ek dos De SE Os cia on BO Eee AR a 79 22 1 3 in German 44 0 ES LE OE AS Meme oe CE EERE Od a EE 73 22 14 in French Li 2 8 doing a du Paci pn nm Sk GY AER durera et 73 2015 1 SPAS temen Es Gel de Mew Be hee God ho ie Da ee ede il 73 22 2 Soporte profesional vacia ee a EI PE Rated su e GR PR de de a A 73 23 Nuevas caracteristicas en Debin Edu Wheezy 73 23 1 Nuevas caracteristicas en Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy publicado el 09 28 2019 oi oa Wagons UE a e Poe ee Re ee ee Aa een eb aon hu 73 23 1 1 Uservisibl ch nges 4 see aig erin pa dela EO A ee ale e 73 23 1 2 Installation changes 73 23 1 3 Actualizaciones de software 74 23 1 4 Actualizaciones en documentaci n y traducciones 74 2315 LDAP related changes 444 pi cd ek ee ment 74 23 1 6 Other chang s 4 24 ka ar Re hs Oh ee da he ee pat ss 74 29 1 7 OWN ISSUES chas a e PA eb ee ee Ee Re 74 24 Copyright y authores 75 25 Copyright de la traducci n y Autores 75 INDICE INDICE 26 Traducciones de este documento 75 26 1 HowTo transla
48. Caracteristicas de la versi n 2 0 Regresi n webmin ha sido eliminado de Debian por problemas de mantenimiento Hemos agre gado una nueva herramienta de administraci n de usuarios v a web llamada 1wat que no tiene la misma funcionalidad que la herramienta anterior de administraci n de usuarios wlus wlus requiere de webmin Regression swi prolog is not part of Etch but was part of Sarge The HowTo teach and learn Chapter describes how to install swi prolog on Etch 29 8 Caracter sticas de la versi n 2 0 publicada el 14 03 2006 Basado en Debian 3 1 Sarge publicado el 06 06 2005 a Linux kernel versi n 2 6 8 a XFree86 versi n 4 3 a KDE versi n 3 3 OpenOffice versi n 1 1 29 9 Caracter sticas de la versi n 1 0 venus publicado el 20 06 2004 Basado en Debian 3 0 Woody plublicado el 19 07 2002 a Versi n del kernel linux 2 4 26 a XFree86 versi n 4 1 a KDE versi n 2 2 29 10 M s informaci n sobre versiones m s anteriores M s informaci n sobre versiones m s anteriores puede encontrarse en http developer skolelinux no info cdbygging news html 87
49. DING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFOR MANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDIS TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLU DING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMA GES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 28 Ap ndice B A n no hay CD DVDs vivo de Debian Edu Wheezy A No hay imagenes de Debian Edu Wheezy para CD DVDs disponibles en este momento 28 1 Features of the Standalone image Casi todos los paquetes del perfil predeterminado Todos los paquetes de la tarea laptop a Perfil de escritorio KDE para estudiantes 28 2 Activando el soporte regional y traducciones To activate a specific translation boot using lLocale ll CC UTF 8 as a boot option where ll_CC UTF 8 is the locale name you want To activate a gi
50. Los directorios de los usuarios y las configuraciones de sistema son almacenadas en el servidor Las estaciones sin disco fueron presentadas como parte del proyecto LISP Linux Terminal Server Project versi n 5 0 3 1 7 Clientes en red El t rmino clientes en red es usado en este manual para referirse tanto para clientes delgados como terminales sin disco o equipos utilizando MacOS o Windows 3 2 Administraci n Todas las m quinas Linux que se instalan con el instalador de Skolelinux se pueden administrar desde una computadora central es decir el servidor Se puede acceder a todas las m quinas por SSH y por tanto hay acceso completo a todos los puestos Usamos cfengine para editar los archivos de configuraci n Estos archivos se actualizan desde el servidor a los clientes Para cambiar la configuraci n del cliente es suficiente editar la configuraci n en el servidor y dejar que la automatizaci n distribuya los cambios Toda la informaci n de los usuarios se guarda en un directorio LDAP Las actualizaciones de las cuentas de usuario se hacen contra esta base de datos que es la que usan los clientes para autenticarse 4 REQUISITOS 3 2 1 Instalaci n Actualmente hay dos medios de instalaci n instalaci n por red desde un CD e instalaci n multi arquitectura desde un dispositivo USB Ambos medios pueden ser cargados desde memorias USB La idea es poder instalar un servidor desde cualquier medio una sola vez e inst
51. Manual de Debian Edu Skolelinux 7 1 edu0 22 de abril de 2015 INDICE INDICE Indice 1 Manual para Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy 1 2 Acerca de Debian Edu y Skolelinux 1 2 1 Un poco de historia y el porqu de dos nombres 1 3 Arquitectura 2 al REAL dre Ae 6 BBA Se o eae Gee Oe PS a ok na don D oi A 2 3 1 1 La configuraci n de red predeterminada 3 3 1 2 Servidor principal tjener 3 3 1 3 Servicios que corren en el servidor principal 3 3 1 4 Servidor es LTSP Servidor es de cliente s ligero s 5 3 1 5 Clientes ligeros s e Lis d boa e EME EEN Oe eee OES 5 3 1 6 Estaciones sin disco 5 3 17 Clientes en red 4 442442 2244 daus eda OM SSE ed madame 5 3 2 Administraci n 5 3 2 1 Instalaci n sica FRR ee we EU Oe RR oder ES 6 3 2 2 Configuraci n del acceso al sistema de archivos 6 4 Requisitos 6 4 1 Requisitos de hardware 6 4 2 Hardware conocido que funciona 7 5 Requerimientos para una instalaci n de red 7 5 1 Configuraci n por defecto 7 5 2 Enrutador de Internet 8 6 Instalaci n y opciones de descarga 8 6 1 Donde encontrar info
52. OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 5 2 Enrutador de Internet a Puede tener cientos de clientes ligeros y o estaciones de trabajo sin disco en cada red de servidores LTSP a Puede tener cientos de otras computadoras que tendr n direcciones IP asignadas de manera din mica Para acceder a Internet necesita un enrutador pasarela ver m s abajo 5 2 Enrutador de Internet Un enrutador pasarela conectado a Internet en la interfaz externa y con la direcci n IP 10 0 0 1 y m scara de red 255 0 0 0 en la interfaz interna es necesario para conectarse a internet El enrutador no deber a ejecutar un servidor DHCP puede ejecutar un servidor DNS aunque no es necesario y no ser usado Si buscas una soluci n basada en i386 para poder rehusar una PC vieja recomendamos IPCop o floppyfw Si necesita algo para un enrutador empotrado o un punto de acceso le recomendamos usar OpenWRT as podr usar tambi n el firmware original Utilizar el firmware original es m s f cil utilizar OpenWRT le proporciona m s opciones y control Revise la web de OpenwRT para una lista completa del hardware soportado Es posible usar una configuraci n diferente de red existe un proceso documentado para hacer esto pero si usted no tiene una infraestructura de red preexistente le recomendamos abstenerse de hacerlo y mantener la configuraci n predeterminada de la arquitectura de red 6 Instalaci n y opciones de descarga 6 1 Donde encontrar informaci n adic
53. Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may 78 28 AP NDICE B AUN NO HAY CD DVDS differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWI SE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED IN CLU
54. R 24 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Partition disks Please wait Partition disks Partitions formatting Creating ext4 file system for debianedufreespace in partition 1 of LVM VG vg_system LV debianedufree 25 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Install the base system Installing core packages x Configure the package manager Configuring apt Retrieving file 4 of 4 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Select and install software Retrieving file 1135 of 1896 23min 36s remaining Build LTSP chroot ET Rue stem 27 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk Running update grub Finish the installation AWE ihg the installation Running debian edu profile udeb 28 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Finish the installation Installation complete fh Installation is complete so it is time to boot into your new system Make sure to remove the installation media CD ROM floppies so that you boot into the new system rather than restarting the installation Screenshot Go Back GNU GRUB version 1 99 27 deb7ui Debian GNU Linux with Linux 3 2 0 4 amd64 recovery mode Memory test me
55. a fa Es Es ca gt gt vot de clientes ligeros vot 168 0 254 Mas servidores de clientes ligeros Commutador 192 168 0 0 24 E M s clientes ligeros Clientes ligeros La figura es un esquema propuesto de la topolog a de red La configuraci n predeterminada de Skolelinux asume que hay un y s lo uno servidor principal y permite incluir tanto servidores de clientes ligeros con clientes ligeros asociados como estaciones de trabajo El n mero de estaciones de trabajo puede ser tan grande o peque a como se quiera desde ninguno a much simos Lo mismo para los servidores de clientes ligeros cada uno de los cuales est en una red separada de forma que el tr fico entre los clientes ligeros y su servidor no afecte al resto de los servicios de red La raz n por la que s lo puede haber un servidor principal en cada red es que el servidor principal proporciona DHCP y s lo puede haber una m quina haciendo eso en cada red Es posible trasladar servicios del servidor principal a otras m quinas configurando el servicio en otra m quina y posterior mente actualizando la configuraci n de DNS para que apunte al alias DNS de ese servicio a la m quina correcta Para simplificar la configuraci n est ndar de Skolelinux la conexi n a Internet va sobre un router separado Se puede configurar Debian con un m dem o una conexi n RDSI sin embargo no se ha in 3 ARQUITECTURA 3 1 Red tentando hacer tal configur
56. aci n general Los cap tulos Iniciando y Mantenimiento describen como empezar con Debian Edu y como realizar el trabajo de mantenimiento b sico Las gu as en estos cap tulos tienen tambi n trucos y recomendaciones m s avanzadas 14 1 Seguimiento de etc usando el sistema de control de versiones git Con la introducci n de etckeeper en Debian Edu Squeeze las versiones anteriores utilizaban et c insvk el cual fu removido de Debian todos los archivos en etc son seguidos utilizando git como sistema de control de versiones Esto hace posible ver cuando un archivo es agregado modificado o eliminado tambi n ver lo que se cambi si el archivo es un archivo de texto El repositorio de git es guardado en etc git Cualquier cambio es registrado cada hora permitiendo tener un hist rico de la configuraci n para ser extra do y revisado To look at the history the command etckeeper vcs logis used To check the differences between two points in time a command like etckeeper ves diff can be used Revise la salida de man etckeeper para m s informaci n Lista de comandos tiles etckeeper vcs log etckeeper vcs status etckeeper vcs diff etckeeper vcs add etckeeper vcs commit a man etckeeper 48 14 GU AS PARA ADMINISTRACI N 14 2 Redimensionando Particiones 14 1 1 Ejemplos de uso En un sistema reci n instalado pruebe esto para ver todos los cambios realizados desde que el sistema fue instalado etckee
57. aci n para Skolelinux por defecto las modificaciones necesarias para ajustar la configuraci n por defecto a esta situaci n deber an documentarse por separado 3 1 1 La configuraci n de red predeterminada El DHCP en el servidor Tjener sirve la red 10 0 0 0 8 v a PXE Boot en la que recibir un men de syslinux done podr seleccionar si instalar un servidor nuevo estaci n de trabajo iniciar un cliente delgado estaci n sin disco prueba de memoria o iniciar desde disco local Esto est dise ado para ser modificado es decir usted puede tener la ra z NFS en en el punto sys linux a uno de los servidores LTSP o cambiar la opci n next server almacenado en LDAP del servicio DHCP para que los clientes puedan arrancar por medio de PXE desde el servidor de terminales El servicio DHCPD en el servidor LTSP nicamente ofrece una red dedicada en la segunda interfaz las opciones preconfiguradas son 192 168 0 0 24 y 192 168 1 0 24 y raramente necesitan ser cambiadas La configuraci n de todas las subredes es almacenada en LDAP 3 1 2 Servidor principal tjener Una red Skolelinux necesita un servidor principal tambi n llamado tjener que significa servidor en Noruego que por defecto tenga la direcci n IP 10 0 2 2 y sea instalado seleccionando el perfil servidor principal Es posible pero no requerido seleccionar e instalar tambi n los perfiles de servidor de cliente ligero y estaci n de trabajo al perfil de servidor p
58. affic will go through that server before it reaches the chosen LDM server 17 4 3 2 Parte2 Now you have to make a get_hosts script that prints a server for LDM to connect to The parameter LDM_SERVER overrides this script In consequence this parameter must not be defi ned if the get_hosts is going to be used The get_hosts script writes on the standard output each server IP address or host name in random order Edite opt ltsp 1386 etc lts conf y agregue algo como esto MINS PEUR LISTS xxx xxx xx Replace xxxx with either the IP addresses or hostnames of the servers as a space separated list Then put the following script in opt 1tsp i386 usr lib ltsp get hosts on the server you chose to be the load balancing server bin bash Randomise the server list contained in MY _ SERVER _ LIST parameter TMP LIST SHUFFLED List iene 4L alin SIN SiR VERSA ON lo rank SRANDOM let rank 100 TMP_LIST STMP_LIST n rank _ i done TMP LIST S echo e STMP_LIST sort Tow L im STM DSTA do SHUFFLED_LIST SSHUFFLED_LIST echo i cut d_ 2 done echo SSHUFFLED LIST 17 4 3 3 Part3 Now that you ve made the get_hosts script it s time to make the SSH host key for the LTSP chroots This can be done by making a file containing the content of opt 1tsp i386 etc ssh ssh_known_hosts from all the LTSP servers that will be load balanced Save this file as etc ltsp
59. ain sudo smbpasswd d Administrator 18 2 1 Windows hostname Make sure your Windows machine has the name that you want to use in the SKOLELINUX domain If not rename it first and then reboot The NetBIOS host name of the Windows machine will later on be used in GOsa and cannot be changed there without breaking the domain membership for this machine 18 2 2 Unirse al dominio SKOLELINUX con Windows XP Joining Windows XP machines tested with Service Pack 3 works out of the box Nota Windows XP Home no soporta membres a por dominio Windows XP Profesional es requerido 1 Ingrese a la computadora Windows XP como adminsitrador o cualquier cuenta con privilegios de administraci n 2 Haga clic en inicio luego presione clic derecho en Computadora y luego haga clic en Propie dades 3 Seleccione la pesta a Nombre de computadora y haga clic en Cambiar 4 Debajo de Miembro de seleccione el bot n junto a Dominio escriba SKOLELINUX y luego haga clic en OK 5 Una ventana emergente le solicitar ingresar las credenciales de una cuenta con derechos de unirse al dominio Escriba SKOLELINUX Administrator en el campo nombre de usuario y la contrase a de usuario root del servidor principal luego haga clic en OK 67 18 SAMBA EN DEBIAN EDU 18 3 First Domain Logon 6 Una ventana emergente de confirmaci n le dar la bienvenida al dominio SKOLELINUX Al hacer clic en OK tendr otro mensaj
60. alar los demas clientes por la red arrancando mediante la red Solo la instalaci n en red necesita acceso a Internet durante la instalaci n La instalaci n no deber a hacer ninguna pregunta con la excepci n del idioma deseado p ej No ruego Espafiol etc y el perfil de la m quina servidor puesto normal servidor de cliente ligero Todas las dem s configuraciones se har n autom ticamente con valores razonables y el administrador del sistema las podr cambiar desde un sitio centralizado despu s de la instalaci n 3 2 2 Configuraci n del acceso al sistema de archivos Cada cuenta de usuario de Skolelinux tiene asignada una secci n del sistema de archivos en el ser vidor de archivos Esta secci n directorio home contiene los archivos de configuraci n del usuario documentos correos electr nicos y p ginas web Algunos de los archivos deber an tener acceso de lec tura para otros usuarios del sistema algunos podr an ser de lectura para todos a trav s de Internet y algunos no deber an ser accesibles por nadie que no fuera el usuario Para asegurar que todos los discos ser n utilizados para directorios de datos de los usuarios o direc torios compartidos pueden poseer nombres nicos entre todas los ordenadores durante la instalaci n al ser montados como skole host directory Inicialmente un directorio es creado en el servidor de archivos skole tjener home0 en el que todas las cuentas de usuarios son creadas M s
61. an proporcionando un ambiente fuera de la caja completamente configurado para una red escolar Inmediatamente despu s de la instalaci n el servidor de la escuela ejecutar todos los servicios necesarios para que la red escolar sea funcional vea el siguiente cap tulo detalles de la arquitectura de esta configuraci n y estar lista para agregar usuarios y equipos v a GOsa que una interfaz de usuario web c moda o cualquier otro editor de LDAP Un ambiente de carga por red es preparado usando PXE as despu s de la instalaci n inicial del servidor principal desde CD Blue ray o unidad USB las otras computadoras pueden ser instaladas a trav s de la red esto incluye estaciones de trabajo itinerantes pueden ser llevadas fuera de la red escolar usualmente laptops o netbooks y carga por PXE para computadoras sin disco duro como los tradicionales clientes ligeros M ltiples aplicaciones educativas como celestia drgeo gcompris kalzium kgeography solfege y scratch han sido incluidas en el escritorio predeterminado el cual puede f cilmente ser extendido casi ilimitadamente v a el universo Debian 2 1 Un poco de historia y el porqu de dos nombres Skolelinux es una distribuci n de Linux hecha por el proyecto Debian Edu Siendo una distribuci n 3 ARQUITECTURA mezclada de Debian es un sub proyecto oficial de Debian Lo que esto significa es que Skolelinux es una versi n de Debian que proporciona un ambiente o
62. auto mac 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 intern 10 0 16 21 id ether 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 Enter password if you want to activate these changes and c to abort Connecting to LDAP as cn admin ou ldap access dc skole dc skolelinux dc no enter password 40 7 INICIANDO 75 Administraci n de equipos con GOsa ew GOsa Systems Iceweasel y X File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help SOsa Systems dh Petra Muster petra Debian Edu W M a i My account Change pesswor Directory structure List of systems Users Groups Base j Actions Y ee A trol cece Conte Name Description Release Actions Object groups Students all students Sudo rules E Teachers all teachers NIS Netgroups W auto mac 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 AU Systems 2 gatevray A XC LJ shelf intern rm XE gt tjener Main server modify only if 100 sure a AL Preferences E LDAP tools m2 9 9 8 Systems auto mac 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 My account Change password Generic NIS Netgroup ACL References Properties Workstation name kuto mac 00 04 76 d3 21 Mode Activated Description Syslog sever default gt Location y Inherit time server attributes NTP server Base I ntp tjener Add Delete Network settings IP address 10 0 16 21 Propose IP Enable DNS for this device MAC address 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 Auto detect Enable DHCP
63. ay The addresses from 10 0 16 20 to 10 0 31 254 roughly 10 0 16 0 20 or 4000 hosts are reserved for DHCP and are assigned dynamically To assign a host with the MAC address 52 54 00 12 34 10 a static IP address in GOsa you have to enter the MAC address the hostname and the IP alternatively you might click the Propose ip button which will show the first free fixed address in 10 0 0 0 8 most probably something like 10 0 0 2 if you add the first machine this way It may be better to first think about your network for example you could use 10 0 0 x with x gt 10 and x lt 50 for servers and x gt 100 for workstations Don t forget to activate the just added system With the exception of the main server all systems will then have a matching icon If the machines have booted as thin clients diskless workstations or have been installed using any of the networked profiles the sitesummary21dapdhcp script can be used to automatically add machines to GOsa sitesummary2ldapdhcp h shows usage information Please note that the IP addresses shown after usage of sitesummary21dapdhcp belong to the dynamic IP range These systems can then be modified though to suit your network rename each new system activate DHCP and DNS add it to netgroups if needed reboot the system afterwards The following screenshots show how this looks in practice root tjener sitesummary2ldapdhcp a i ether 00 04 76 d3 28 b7 t workstations info Create GOsa machine for
64. bles que desea sobrescribir Aqui tiene un ejemplo para activar el tema en el paquete desktop base USETHEME t rue THEME usr share apps kdm themes debian moreblue See the code in etc init d kdm for information on how these variables are used 16 2 Using KDE Plasma GNOME and LXDE together If you want to use GNOME or LXDE instead of KDE Plasma follow the installation instructions Para instalar otros entornos de escritorio despu s de una instalaci n solamente use apt get apt get install gnome lxde Users will then be able to choose the desktop environment via the login manager before logging in The usage of LXDE as default on thin clients can be forced see networked clients for details 16 3 Flash El reproductor de flash libre gnash se instala de manera predeterminada pero puede cambiar a Adobe Flash si lo desea Para instalar el complemento web del reproductor Adobe Flash no libre instale el paquete flashplugin nonfree que est en el directorio cont rib Esto requiere que tenga habilitado contrib en etc apt sources list 16 4 Reproducir DVDs libdvdcss is needed for playing most commercial DVDs For legal reasons it s not included in Debian Edu If you are legally allowed to use it you can use the packages from deb multimedia org Add the multimedia repository as described in the following section and install the required libraries apt get install libdvdcss2 w32codecs 16 5 U
65. ch interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Pro
66. ctories are exported by the main server to be mounted by the workstations and the LTSP servers For security reasons only hosts within the workstation hosts ltsp server hosts and server hosts NetGroups can mount the exported NFS shares So it is rather important to remember to configure these kinds of machines properly in the LDAP tree using GOsa and to configure them to use static IP addresses from LDAP A Recuerde configurar las estaciones de trabajos y los servidores ltsp de manera correcta con GOsa o sus usuarios no tendr n acceso a sus directorios personales Las estaciones de trabajo sin disco y los clientes ligeros no usan NFS por lo que no necesitan ser configurados fs autoresize e Los equipos con Debian Edu en este grupo autom ticamente acondicionar n las particiones LVM que est n pr ximas a quedarse sin espacio disponible shutdown at night e Los equipos con Debian Edu en este grupo se apagar n autom ticamente por las noches para ahorrar energ a CUPS cups queue autoflush hosts and cups queue autoreenable hosts e Debian Edu machines in these groups will automatically flush all print queues every night and re enable any disabled print queue every hour netblock hosts e Debian Edu machines in this group will only be allowed to connect to machines on the local network Combined with web proxy restrictions this might be used during exams Another important part of machine configuration is the Samba host
67. date amp amp ltsp chroot apt get upgrade En servidores de 64 bits tendr que agregar como argumento a ltsp chroot a i386 Es buena idea actualizar el chroot cuando actualice el sistema de la computadora 11 3 2 1 3 WARNING Reboot required running kernel 2 6 32 37 81 0 installed kernel 2 6 32 38 83 0 El kernel en ejecuci n es m s viejo que el kernel m s actual instalado y un reinicio del equipo es necesario para ejecutar el kernel m s nuevo instalado Normalmente esto es urgente ya que los nuevos kernels corrigen fallos de seguridad en Debian Edu 11 3 2 1 4 WARNING CUPS queue size 61 The printer queues in CUPS have a lot of jobs pen ding This is most likely because of a unavailable printer Disabled print queues are enabled every hour on hosts that are member of the cups queue autoreenable hosts netgroup so for such hosts no manual action should be required The print queues are emptied every night on hosts that are member of the cups queue autoflush hosts netgroup If a host have a lot of jobs in their queue consider adding this host to one or both of these netgroups 11 3 3 Sitesummary Sitesummary es usado para obtener informaci n de cada computadora y enviarla al servidor princi pal La informaci n obtenida se encuentra disponible en var lib sitesummary entries Scripts en usr lib sitesummary est n disponibles para generar reportes Un reporte sencillo de sitesummary sin de talles se encuentra disponible e
68. direc torios pueden ser creados cuando sea necesario acomodar grupos de usuarios particulares o patrones particulares de uso To enable shared access to files under the normal UNIX permissions system users need to be in supplementary shared groups such as students as well as the personal primary group that they re in by default If users have an appropriate umask to make newly created items group accessible 002 or 007 and if the directories they re working in are setgid to ensure the files inherit the correct group ownership the result is controlled file sharing between the members of a group The initial access settings for newly created files are a matter of policy The Debian default umask is 022 which would not allow group access as described above but Debian Edu uses a default of 002 meaning that files are created with read access for everybody which can later be removed by explicit user action This can alternatively be changed by editing etc pam d common session to a umask of 007 meaning read access is initially blocked necessitating user action to make them accessible The first approach encourages knowledge sharing and makes the system more transparent whereas the second method decreases the risk of unwanted spreading of sensitive information The problem with the first solution is that it is not apparent to the users that the material they create will be accessible to all other users They can only detect this by inspecting
69. dited and copied to all the other computers 1 Pick a freshly installed Windows computer and run gpedit msc 2 Under the selection User Configuration gt Administrative Templates gt System gt User Pro files gt Exclude directories in roaming profile you can enter a semicolon separated list of di rectories to exclude from the profile The directories are internationalised and must be written in your own language the way they are in the profile Examples of directories to exclude are log Locale settings a Temporary Internet Files a My Documents a Application Data a Temporary Internet Files 3 Save your changes and exit the editor 4 Copy c windows system32 GroupPolicy to all other Windows machines It s a good idea to copy it to your Windows OS deployment system to have it included at install time 17 6 3 3 Global policies for roaming profiles By using the legacy Windows policy editor pole dit exe you can can create a Policy file NTConfig pol and put it in your netlogon share on tjener This has the advantage of working almost instantly on all Windows machines For some time the policy editor standalone download has been removed from the Microsoft web site but it s still available as part of the ORK Tools With poledit exe you can create pol files If you put such a file on tjener as etc samba netlo gon NTLOGON POL it will automatically be read by Windows machines and temporarily ove
70. do en formato texto para 1386 y amd64 Instalar 64 bit realiza la instalaci n en modo texto para amd64 Instalador gr fico usa el instalador GTK donde puede usar el rat n Instalador gr fico para 64 bits usa el instalador GTK de 64bits donde puede usar el rat n Opciones avanzadas gt brinda un submen con opciones m s detalladas que puede elegir Ayuda brinda algunos consejos sobre como usar el instalador j Graphical atl ed install id D Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry Regresar lo lleva de nuevo al mend principal Instalaci n experta le da acceso a todas las opciones disponibles en modo texto Modo de rescate lo convierte en un disco de rescate para tareas de emergencia Instalaci n autom tica necesita un archivo preconfigurado Instalaci n experta 64 bits le da acceso a todas las opciones disponibles en modo texto en computadoras amd64 Modo de rescate 64 bits lo convierte en un disco de rescate para tareas de emergencia compatible con amd 4 Instalaci n autom tica 64 bits necesita un archivo preconfigurado 10 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu install Graphical expert install Graphical fescmemode Graphical automated install Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry Instalaci n experta grafica le da acceso a todas las opciones disponibles en modo grafico Modo de rescate grafico lo convierte en un disco de r
71. dos tarjetas de red NIC si planea configurar un servidor de clientes ligeros a Elige el idioma para la instalaci n y el sistema instalado a Elige un lugar que normalmente ser a el lugar donde vives 12 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu Seleccione una disposici n de teclado la predeterminada para su pa s es la mejor opci n a Elige el los perfil es de la siguiente lista e Main Server o Este es el servidor principal tjener para su escuela el cual provee todos los servicios preconfigurados listos para trabajar Usted solo debe instalar un servidor principal por escuela este perfil no incluye una interfaz gr fica para el usuario Si usted desea una interfaz gr fica debe seleccionar la opci n de estaci n de trabajo o servidor de clientes ligeros para agregarla e Workstation o Una computadora que inicia desde su disco duro y funciona con todos los programas y dispositivos localmente como una computadora com n pero el usuario ser autenticado por el servidor principal donde los archivos de los usuarios y las configuraciones para escritorio son guardados e Roaming workstation o Same as workstation but capable of authentication using cached credentials meaning it can be used outside the school network The users files and profiles are stored on the local disk For single user notebooks and laptops this profile should be selected and not Workstation or S
72. e El servidor de DNS actua como un cach de DNS de forma que todos los puestos de la red pueden usarlo como su servidor de DNS principal Los alumnos y profesores pueden publicar sitios web El servidor web proporciona mecanismos para autenticar los usuarios y para limitar el acceso a p ginas individuales y subdirectorios a ciertos usuarios y grupos Los usuarios pueden crear p ginas web din micas ya que el servidor web puede ejecutar programas del lado del servidor La informaci n sobre las computadoras y los usuarios se puede cambiar en una ubicaci n central y es accesible a todos los ordenadores de la red autom ticamente Para conseguirlo hay un servidor de directorio centralizado El directorio tendr informaci n sobre los usuarios grupos m quinas y grupos de m quinas Para evitar confusi n entre los usuarios no habr ninguna diferencia entre los grupos de archivos listas de correo y grupos de red Esto implica que los grupos de m quinas que tengan que estar en grupos de red tienen el mismo tipo de nombre que los grupos de usuarios y listas de correo La administraci n de los usuarios y servicios se hace mediante web y sigue est ndares establecidos Son funcionales en los navegadores que incluye Skolelinux Es posible delegar algunas tareas a usuarios o grupos de usuarios mediante los sistemas de administraci n 3 ARQUITECTURA 3 2 Administraci n Para evitar algunos problemas con NFS y hacer m s simple la depuraci
73. e de servicio DNS Registros centralizados rsyslog syslog S apa CE DNS BIND domain Dominio Configuraci n autom tica de DHCP bootps equipos Sincronizaci n de reloj NTP ntp Directorios de usuarios v a SMB NES AS sistema de archivos de red Correo Electr nico IMAP Dovecot postoffice Servicio de Directorio OpenLDAP Idap 3 ARQUITECTURA 3 1 Red Administraci n de usuarios GOsa Servidor Web Apache PHP WWW Respaldo Central sl backup slbackup php backup Cach Web Proxy Squid webcache Impresi n CUPS ipp Inicio de sesi n remoto seguro OpenSSH ssh Configuraci n Autom tica Cfengine cfengine Servidor es de clientes ligeros LISP Itsp Monitoreo de servicios y equips r pori de sale munin nagios y site summary munin nagios y site summar hist rico via web Reportes de nagos y y nagos y y fallos v a correo Cada usuario almacena sus archivos personales en su directorio home que est disponible en el servidor Los directorios Home est n accesibles desde todas las m quinas dando a los usuarios acceso independientemente del puesto que est n usando El servidor opera sin importar el sistema operativo Ofrece tanto NFS para clientes UNIX como SMB para Windows y clientes Macintosh Por defecto el correo est configurado para env o local dentro de la escuela aunque se puede con figurar el env o a todo Internet si la escuela tiene una conexi n a Internet
74. e deshabilitar esto creando xsession errors enable El administrador puede configurar el sistema para redireccionar el archivo a dev null editando etc X11 Xsession d 05debian edu truncate xerrorlog Para una f cil instalaci n de Debian Edu en la que pudiese necesitar firmware no libre el CD como el DVD incluyen el siguiente firmware firmware bnx2 firmware bnx2x firmware ipw2x00 firmware iwlwifi firmware qlogic and firmware ralink 85 29 AP NDICE C CARACTERISTICAS DE 29 5 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian 5 0 4 29 5 29 6 297 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian 5 0 4 sistema en el cual esta basado Debian Edu 5 0 4 edu0 El nuevo Rernel Linux 2 6 26 soporta ms hardvvare With this release Debian GNU Linux updates from X Org 7 1 to X Org 7 3 which includes sup port of newer hardware and now includes the desktop environments KDE 3 5 10 and GNOME 2 22 Updates of other desktop applications include Iceweasel version 3 0 6 which is the unbran ded Firefox web browser and Icedove version 2 0 0 19 which is the unbranded Thunderbird mail client as well as upgrades to Evolution 2 22 3 OpenOffice org 2 4 1 and Pidgin 2 4 3 formerly known as Gaim SWI prolog is back Instalaci n desde CD DVD desde windows Se cambio de sysklogd a rsyslog como el colector de registros del sistema Para mayor informacion visite la pagina Lo nuevo en Lenny Caracter sticas nuevas en la versi n 3 0 Terra publicad
75. e firmware A PXE installation can be used for troubleshooting problems with netbooting a machine if the Debian Installer complains about a missing XXX bin file then non free firmware has to be added to the initrd used by LTSP clients En este caso ejecute los siguientes comandos en un servidor LTSP Primero obtenga informaci n sobre los paquetes de firmware apt get update amp amp apt cache search firmware Decida que paquete debe ser instalado para la s tarjeta s de red Probablemente sea firmware linux nonfr Se deben efectuar los cambios en el chroot LTSP para arquitectura 1386 ltsp chroot a i386 apt get update ltsp chroot a 1386 mkdir tmp user 2 gt dev null ltsp chroot a i386 mkdir tmp user 0 2 gt dev null ltsp chroot d a 1386 apt get y q install lt package name gt copie el nuevo initrd al directorio tftpboot del servidor ltsp update kernels Una manera m s corta ser a instalar todos los firmware disponibles y actualizar el directorio tftpboot podr a ejecutar usr share debian edu config tools ltsp addfirmware LTSP client kernel In order to support older hardware the package linux image 486 is installed by default If all LTSP client machines support the 686 processor architecture the linux image 686 package could be installed in the chroot Make sure to execute 1tsp update kernel s after installation 57 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 2 Configurar el men PXE 17 1
76. e inform ndole que necesita reiniciar la computadora para que los cambios puedan aplicarse Haga clic en OK Despu s del reinicio cuando ingresa por primera vez haga clic en el bot n Opciones gt gt y selec cione el dominio SKOLELINUX en lugar del dominio local esta computadora Si el ingreso al dominio ha sido exitoso usted podr ver los detalles del equipo en GOsa en el men Sistemas 18 2 3 Unirse al dominio SKOLELINUX con Windows Vista 7 Unir computadoras Windows Vista 7 al dominio SKOLELINUX requiere la instalaci n de un parche en el registro del cliente Windows Vista 7 Este parche se encuentra en tjener netlogon win7 samba_domain membership Win7_Samba3DomainMember reg Para mas informaci n consulte el archivo README_Win7 Domain Membership txt en el mismo directorio Aseg rese de aplicar este parche como administrador local en el sistema Windows Despu s de aplicar el parche anterior y reiniciar el cliente podr unirse al dominio SKOLELINUX 1 Haga clic en inicio luego presione clic derecho en Computadora y luego haga clic en Propie dades 2 the basic system information page will open Under Computer name domain and workgroup settings click on Change Settings 3 on the System Properties page click on Change 4 Debajo de Miembro de seleccione el bot n junto a Dominio escriba SKOLELINUX y luego haga clic en OK 5 Una ventana emergente le solicitar ingresar las
77. ebian edu wheezy manual translations to find information how to create a new PO file for your language if there isn t one yet and how to update translations Please keep in mind that this manual is still under development so don t translate any string which contains FIXME Basic information about Alioth the host where our Git repository is located and Git is available at http wiki debian org Alioth Git If you are new to Git look at the Pro Git book it has a chapter on the recording changes to the repository Also you might want to look at the gitk package that provides a GUI for Git Please report any problems 27 Appendix A The GNU General Public License Note to translators there is no need to translate the GPL license text 27 1 Manual para Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy Copyright C 2007 2014 Holger Levsen lt holger layer acht org gt and others see the Copyright chapter for the full list of copyright owners This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY wit hout even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a
78. ed networked X Passwords except the initial one will travel in cleartext over the network as well as anything else Note Since such ten year old thin clients may also have trouble running never versions of LibreOf fice and Firefox Iceweasel due to pixmap caching issues you may consider running thin clients with at least 128 MB RAM or upgrade the hardware which will also give you the benefit of being able to use them as diskless workstations 17 5 Reemplazar LDM con KDM Since version 3 0 Skolelinux has been running LDM as its login manager which uses a secure SSH tunnel to log in Switching to KDM also requires a switch to XDMCP which uses lower CPU resources on the clients and on the server Warning XDMCP does not use encryption Passwords will travel in cleartext over the network as well as anything else Note local devices with 1t spfs will stop working without LDM Para revisar si XDMCP est corriendo ejecute este comando desde una estaci n de trabajo X query ltspserverXX Si est en la red de clientes ligeros ejecute este comando X query 192 168 0 254 El objetivo es permitir que el cliente ligero real contacte al servidor xdmcp en 192 168 0 254 en una configuraci n est ndar de Skolelinux Si XDMCP no es accesible en su servidor que correo KDM agregue lo siguiente al archivo etc kde4 kdm Xaccess any host can get a login window The star before the comment is important the rest is a co
79. ed to access this site via SSL since you have to enter the root password there If you try to access this site without using SSL it will fail By default tjener will back up skole tjener home0 etc root svk and LDAP to sko le backup which is under the LVM If you only want to have spare copies of things in case you delete them this setup should be fine for you Tome en cuenta que este esquema de respaldo no le protege de da os en el disco duro If you want to back up your data to an external server a tape device or another hard drive you ll have to modify the existing configuration a bit Si quieres restaurar un directorio la mejor opci n es usar la l nea de comandos sudo rdiff backup r lt date gt skole backup tjener skole tjener home0 user skole tjener home0 user_ lt date gt Esto pondr el contenido de skole tjener home0 user para lt date gt en el directorio skole tjener home0 user_ lt date gt Si desea restablecer un archivo deber a de ser capaz de seleccionar el archivo y la versi n de la interfaz web y descargar solamente ese archivo Si desea deshacerse de los respaldos viejos elija Maintenance en el men de la p gina respaldo y seleccione la instant nea m s vieja que desee conservar Maintenance MENU tjener Choose Oldest snapshot to keep _2013 07 02122 30 04 02 00 y Delete older e Status e Conf e Restore e Maintenance e Logout 11 3 Monitorizaci n d
80. ed to set your time zone and also for example to help select the system locale Normally this should be the country where you live This is a shortlist of locations based on the language you selected Choose other if your location is not listed Country territory or area Canada Hong Kong India Ireland New Zealand Nigeria Philippines Singapore South Africa United Kingdom Zambia Zimbabwe other Screenshot 18 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Configure the keyboard Keymap to use American English Albanian Arabic Asturian Bangladesh Belarusian Bengali Belgian Bosnian Brazilian British English Bulgarian Bulgarian phonetic layout Canadian French Canadian Multilingual Catalan Chinese _Craatian Detect and mount CD ROM anning CD ROM Scanning cdrom pool main libi 19 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Load installer components from CD Retrieving netcfg Configure the network iy IPv6 autoconfiguration 20 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Choose Debian Edu profile Profiles determine how the machine can be used out of the box Main Server reserved for the Debian Edu server It does not include any GUI Graphical User Interface There should only be one such server o
81. edeterminada 6 4 4 Instalaci n utilizando memorias USB lugar de CD Blue ray Desde el lanzamiento de Squeeze es posible copiar directamente las im genes iso de CD DV D BD a una unidad USB tambi n conocido como memoria USB e iniciar desde ellos Solamente ejecute un comando como este ponga el nombre del archivo y la ruta al dispositivo que desee instalar sudo dd if debian edu amd64 i386 XXX iso of dev sdX bs 1024 Dependiendo de la imagen seleccionada la unidad USB se comportar como un CD o Blue ray 14 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu 6 4 5 Instalaci n a trav s de la red PXE e inicio de estaciones sin disco Para este m todo de instalaci n es necesario que el servidor principal est encendido Cuando los clientes cargan a trav s de la red principal un nuevo men PXE con un instalador y opciones de se lecci n de carga se mostrar Si la instalaci n PXE falla con un mensaje de error mencionando que un archivo XXX bin no se encuentra es m s probable que la tarjeta de red del cliente requiera un firmware no libre En este caso el initrd del instalador de Debian debe ser modificado Esto se puede lograr ejecu tando el comando usr share debian edu config tools pxe addfirmware en el servidor This is how the PXE menu looks with the Main Server profile only Boot from local harddrive Install Edu 1386 kde Install Eduy amd64 kde Test memory Press ENTER t
82. el servidor 11 3 1 Munin Los reportes de Munin est n disponible en https www munin Le provee gr ficos de medici n en una vista diar a semanal mensual y anual Adem s le provee ayuda al administrador de sistemas al momento de buscar cuellos de botella y el origen de problemas en el sistema La lista de computadoras monitoreadas por Munin es autom ticamente generada basada en la lista de hosts reportados a sitesummary Todos los hosts con el paquete munin node instalado son registrados para ser monitoreados por Munin Normalmente tomar un d a desde que la computadora es instalada hasta que Munin inicie a monitorear debido a la orden de ejecuci n de las tareas del cron Para acele rar el proceso ejecute sitesummary update munin como usuario root en el servidor sitesummary generalmente el servidor principal Esto actualizar el archivo etc munin munin conf El conjunto de mediciones es autom ticamente generado en cada computadora usando el programa munin node configure que prueba los complementos disponibles en usr share munin plug ins y realiza los enlaces simb licos de los complementos relevantes a etc munin plugins Informaci n sobre munin est disponible en http munin projects linpro no 11 3 2 Nagios El sistema y servicio de monitoreo Nagios est disponible en https www nagios3 La lista de computadoras y servicios monitoreados es generada autom ticamente con informaci n obtenida de sitesummary Las c
83. erminal Server Project LTSP Los clientes delgados son una buena forma de usar m quinas viejas de poca capacidad ya que los programas se ejecutan en el servidor LTSP Funciona as El servicio usa DHCP y TFTP para conectarse a la red y arrancar desde la red Despu s se monta el sistema de archivos v a NFS desde el servidor LTSP y finalmente se arranca X11 y el administrador de pantalla se conecta al mismo servidor LTSP v a SSH con X forwarding de esta manera todos los datos enviados por la red son encriptados Para clientes delgados extremadamente antiguos y lentos para la encriptaci n puede modificarse el comportamiento para funcionar como versiones anteriores usando conexi n para X v a XDMCP 3 1 6 Estaciones sin disco non non Las estaciones sin disco tambi n reciben los nombres de clientes delgados clientes livianos es taciones tontas Para efectos de claridad de este manual utilizaremos el t rmino estaciones sin disco Una estaci n sin disco ejecuta todas las aplicaciones localmente sin necesidad de un S O instalado Esto significa que el equipo inicia las aplicaciones desde el servidor sin necesidad de tener softvvare instalado en un disco local Las estaciones sin disco son una forma excelente para reutilizar hardvvare reciente con el mismo costo bajo de mantenimiento que los clientes ligeros Las aplicaciones son administradas y manteni das en el servidor sin necesidad de instalaciones en los clientes
84. eros y las computadoras con Windows en la red Con LDAP la informaci n sobre los estudiantes docentes y dem s solo necesita ser ingresada una vez Una vez que la informaci n ha sido ingresada en LDAP estar disponible para todos los sistemas en toda la red Skolelinux GOsa es una herramienta de administraci n que usa LDAP para almacenar su informaci n y pro vee una estructura jer rquica por departamento Para cada departamento puede agregar cuentas de usuario grupos sistemas grupos de red y dem s En dependencia de la estructura de su instituci n puede usar la estructura en GOsa LDAP para transferir su estructura organizacional al rbol de datos LDAP del servidor principal Debian Edu A default Debian Edu main server installation currently provides two departments Teachers and Students plus the base level of the LDAP tree Student accounts are intended to be added to the Stu dents department teachers to the Teachers department systems servers Skolelinux workstations Windows machines printers etc are currently added to the base level Find your own scheme for cus tomising this structure You can find an example how to create users in year groups with common home directories for each group in the HowTo Advanced Administration chapter of this manual En dependencia de la tarea que desee realizar administrar usuarios grupos sistemas etc GOsa le mostrar una vista diferente en el departamento seleccionado
85. ertencias m s comunes de Nagios 11 3 2 1 1 DISK CRITICAL free space usr 309 MB 5 inode 47 La partici n usr en el ejemplo est llena Existen dos maneras para resolver esto 1 elimine algunos archivos o 2 aumente el tama o de la partici n Si la partici n es var purgando el cach de APT ejecutando apt get clean deber a eliminar algunos archivos Si hay m s espacio disponible en el volumen LVM ejecutar el programa debian edu fsautoresize para aumentar las particiones deber a ayudar Para ejecutar este programa cada hora el equipo debe de ser a adido al grupo de red fsautoresize hosts 11 3 2 1 2 APT CRITICAL 13 packages available for upgrade 13 critical updates Hay nuevos paquetes disponibles para actualizar Los paquetes cr ticos normalmente son mejoras de seguridad Para actualizar ejecute apt get upgrade amp amp apt get dist upgrade como usuario root en una consola o ingrese por SSH y haga lo mismo En los servidores de clientes ligeros recuerde actualizar tambi n el chroot LTSP ejecutando ltsp chroot apt get update amp amp ltsp chroot apt get upgrade Si usted no quiere actualizar paquetes manualmente y confia en que Debian hace un buen trabajo con las nuevas versiones puede instalar el paquete unattended upgrades y configurarlo para que actualice autom ticamente todos los paquetes cada noche Esto no actualizar los chroot LTSP Para actualizar el chroot LTSP puede usar lt sp chroot apt get up
86. escate para tareas de emergencia con una interfaz gr fica GTK Instalaci n autom tica gr fica necesita un archivo preconfigurado Instalaci n experta grafica para 64 bits le da acceso a todas las opciones disponibles en modo gr fico compatible con amd 4 Modo de rescate 64 bits grafico lo convierte en un disco de rescate para tareas de emergencia con una interfaz gr fica GTK compatible con amd64 Instalaci n autom tica 64 bits gr fica necesita un archivo preconfigurado 11 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu Welcome to Debian GNU Linux his is a Debian 7 wheezy installation CD ROM It was built 20130616 14 54 d i 20130613 ELP INDEX TOPIC This page the help index Prerequisites for installing Debian Boot methods for special ways of using this CD ROM Additional boot methods rescue mode Special boot parameters overview Special boot parameters for special machines Special boot parameters for selected disk controllers Special boot parameters for the install system How to get help Copyrights and warranties ress F2 through F10 for details or ENTER to boot Esta pantalla de ayuda se explica por si sola y habilita las teclas lt F gt en el teclado para tener ayuda mas detallada en los temas descritos 6 4 1 1 Par metros adicionales de carga para instalaciones Para equipos i386 amd64 las opciones de inicio pueden ser editadas presionando
87. figure el servicio a Deshabilite el servicio en el servidor principal Actualice el servicio DNS via LDAP GOsa en el servidor principal 52 15 ADVANCED ADMINISTRATION 14 15 HowTos de wiki debian org 14 15 HowTos de wiki debian org The HowTos fromhttp wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo are either user or developer specific Let s move the user specific HowTos over here and delete them over there But first ask the authors see the history of those pages to find them if they are fine with moving the howto and putting it under the GPL um http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo AutoNetRespawn um http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo BackupPC a http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo ChangelpSubnet um http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo SiteSummary a http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo Squid_LDAP_Authentication 15 Advanced administration In this chapter advanced administration tasks are described 15 1 Personalizaciones de usuarios con GOsa 15 1 1 Create Users in Year Groups In this example we want to create users in year groups with common home directories for each group home0 2014 home0 2015 etc We want to create the users by csv import como root en Tjener Make the necessary year group directories mkdir skole tjener home0 2014 como super usuarios en Gosa Departamento Main menu goto Directory structure click the Students department The Ba
88. flag in the Host information area If you plan to add existing Windows systems to the Skolelinux Samba domain you need to add the Windows host to the LDAP tree and set this flag to be able to join the Windows host to the domain For more information about adding Windows hosts to the Skolelinux network see the HowTo Network Clients chapter of this manual 8 Printer Management Par gestionar las impresoras dirija su navegador web a https www 631 Este es el sitio de ges ti n de CUPS en el que puede a adir borrar modificar sus impresoras y limpiar la cola de impresi n Cambios que requieran ingresar como root necesitan cifrado SSL 43 11 MAINTENANCE 9 Sincronizaci n del reloj The default configuration in Debian Edu is to keep the clocks on all machines synchronous but not necessarily correct NTP is used to update the time The clocks will be synchronised with an external source by default This can cause machines to keep the external Internet connection open if it is created when used Si usa conexi n dialip o ISDN y paga por minuto es posible que desee cambiar esta configuraci n predeterminada To disable synchronisation vvith an external cloch the file etc ntp conf on the main server and all clients and LTSP chroots need to be modified Add comment 4 marks in front of the server entries After this the NTP server needs to be restarted by running etc init d ntp restart as root To test if a machine i
89. from the console they can even mount the removable devices and access the files This is being tracked as Debian Edu bug 1376 15 3 Use a dedicated storage server Take these steps to set up a dedicated storage server for user home directories and possibly other data Add a new system of type server using GOsa as outlined in the Getting started chapter of this manual e This example uses nas server intern as the server name Once nas server intern ist confi gured check if the NFS export points on the new storage server are exported to the relevant subnets or machines root tjener showmount e nas server Export list for nas server storage EO OC OR OS root t jener Here everything on the backbone network is granted access to the storage export This could be restricted to netgroup membership or single IP addresses to limit NFS access like it is done in the tjener etc exports file Add automount information about nas server intern in LDAP to allow all clients to automatically mount the new export on request e This can t be done using GOsa because a module for automount is missing Instead use Idapvi and add the required LDAP objects using an editor ldapvi ldap conf ZD cn admin b ou automount dc skole dc skol linux dc no When the editor shows up add the following LDAP objects at the bottom of the document The amp part in the last LDAP object is a wild card matching
90. g or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient auto matically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this secti
91. gram on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine 77 27 APPENDIX A THE GNU GENERAL 27 3 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you re ceived the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contai
92. hanging network settings 59 17 4 LTSP en detalle 2444444 4444 ba a due mt A ed 60 174 1 Configuraci n del cliente LTSP en LDAP y en lts conf 60 17 4 2 Force all thin clients to use LXDE as default desktop environment 60 17 4 3 Load balancing LTSP servers 60 17431 Partel ose ceded ee semer dl e BS OSE Ee EEA ES Be 60 17432 Parte2 2424 64 reaserti a he ee A 61 1743 5 Parti aa ha a gia eae cette ea ed wanes dee od Hesse 61 17 44 Sonido con clientes LTSP 61 17 4 5 Actualizaci n del entorno LTSP 61 17 4 5 1 Instalaci n de software adicional en el entorno LISP 62 17 4 6 Slow login and security 62 17 5 Reemplazar LOM con KDM 62 17 6 Connecting Windows machines to the network Windows integration 63 17 6 1 Joining a domain 4 4 424444 kha ess ns De da h ee ek 63 17 6 1 1 User groups in Windows 63 17 6 2 XP HOME fs eho su PSM GR MARINS EERE ee A 63 17 6 3 Managing roaming profiles 63 17 6 3 1 Example smb conf files for roaming profiles 64 17 6 3 2 Machine policies for roaming profiles 64 17 6 3 3 Global policies for roaming profiles
93. his http backports debian org news squeeze bachports and lenny bachports sloppy started is not needed anymore Like the normal archive backports has three sections main contrib and non free 14 9 Actualizar con un CD o similar Si usted quiere actualizar de una versi n a otra por ejemplo de Wheezy 7 1 edu0 a 7 3 edul pero no cuenta con conexi n a Internet siga los siguientes pasos Inserte el CD DVD Disco Blueray Dispositivo USB en la unidad montelo y use el comando apt cdrom mount media cdrom apt cdrom add m Para citar el manual de referencia de apt cdrom 8 apt cdrom se utiliza para a adir un disco ptico nuevo a la lista de fuentes disponibles de APT apt cdrom examina la estructura del disco corrige los posibles errores de grabaci n y verifica los ficheros de indice Se requiere utilizar apt cdrom para a adir los discos al sistema APT no se puede hacer manual mente Adem s debe insertar y analizar cada disco de un conjunto de discos por separado para poder detectar los posibles errores de grabaci n Luego ejecute estos dos comandos para actualizar el sistema apt get update apt get upgrade 14 10 Automatic cleanup of leftover processes killer es un script hecho en perl que elimina trabajos en segundo plano Trabajos en segundo plano son definidos como procesos que pertenecen a usuarios que no tienen una sesi n activa en la computadora Se ejecuta cada hora por un cron Para instalarlo
94. in volatile debian org in the 2011 created stable updates suite While you can use stable updates directly you don t have to stable updates are pushed into the stable suite regularily when stable point releases are done which roughly happens every two months 14 8 Using backports debian org to install newer software You are running Debian Edu because you prefer the stability of Debian Edu It runs great there is just one problem sometimes software is a little bit more outdated than you like This is where back ports debian org steps in Backports are recompiled packages from Debian testing mostly and Debian unstable in a few cases only e g security updates so they will run without new libraries wherever this is possible on a stable Debian distribution like Debian Edu We recommend you to pick out individual backports which fit your needs and not to use all backports available there Usar backports es sencillo echo deb http ftp debian org debian wheezy backports main gt gt etc apt sources list apt get update After which one can install backported packages easily the following command will install a back ported version of tuxtype apt get install t wheezy backports tuxtype 50 14 GU AS PARA ADMINISTRACI N 14 9 Actualizar con un CD o similar Backports are automatically updated if available just like other packages Previously extra confi guration was needed to achieve this but since 2011 t
95. ing this document To commit your translations you need to be a member of the Alioth project debian eau If your Alioth username differs from your local one create or edit ssh config There should be an entry like Host git debian org User lt your alioth username gt Then check out the debian edu doc source using ssh access git clone git ssh git deb ian org git debian edu debian edu doc git 75 27 APPENDIX A THE GNU GENERAL If you only want to translate you just need to check out some files from from Git which can be done anonymously and create patches Please file a bug against the debian edu doc package and attach the PO file to the bugreport You can find some instructions on how to submit bugs here You can check out the debian edu doc source anonymously with the following command you need to have the git package installed for this to work git clone git anonscm debian org debian edu debian edu doc git Then edit the file documentation debian edu wheezy debian edu wheezy manual CC po replacing CC with your language code There are many tools for translating available we suggest using lokalize Then you either commit the file directly to Git if you have the rights to do so or send the file to the bugreport To update your local copy of the repository use the following command inside the debian edu doc directory um git pull Read usr share doc debian edu doc README d
96. ings detected from the environment using DNS DHCP and LDAP See this blog post with more information on the changes 82 29 APENDICE C CARACTERISTICAS DE 29 2 New features in Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 29 2 5 Actualizaciones en documentaci n y traducciones Translation updates for the templates used in the installer These templates are now available in 28 languages The Debian Edu Squeeze Manual has generally been cleaned up and improved A proof read with corrections was done by a native English linguist a The Debian Edu Squeeze Manual is fully translated to German French and Italian Partly transla ted versions exist for Danish new Norwegian Bokmal and Spanish Improvements to many language tasks especially French and Danish Improvements to the welcome web page shown at first logins e Add new Japanese Portuguese and Catalan translations of the welcome web page 29 2 6 Regressions CD and DVD installs are different the DVD is only suitable for installing a KDE environemnt Drop support for powerpc architecture from netinst installation CDs It is still possible to run Debian Edu on powerpc but installation is less automated Drop gtick in the default installation because it doesn t work on thin clients BTS 566335 29 2 7 New administration tool GOsa gosa 2 6 11 3 squeezel edu 1 from the upcoming 6 0 5 Debian point release with e Fix DHCP host removal Closes 650258 Bac
97. io NT4 con clientes Windows XP Windows Vista y Windows Una vez que la computadora ha sido agregada al dominio puede ser controlada con GOsa 18 1 Co o empezar This documentation presumes that you have installed the Debian Edu main server and maybe also a Debian Edu workstation to verify that working under Debian Edu Skolelinux works for you We presume that you have already created some users that can flawlessly use the Debian Edu workstation We also presume that you have a Windows XP Vista 7 workstation at hand so you can test access to the Debian Edu main server from a Windows machine Despu s de la instalaci n del servidor principal de Debian Edu X NTJENER deber a ser visible des de computadoras con Windows El dominio de Debian Edu en Windows es SKOLELINUX Utilice una computadora con Windows o Linux con smbclient para explorar su entorno de red de Windows Sam ba 1 INICIO gt comando ejecutar 2 Esriba TJENER y presione enter 3 gt a Windows Explorer window should open and show the netlogon share on TJENER and maybe printers you already have configured for printing under Unix Linux CUPS queues 66 18 SAMBA EN DEBIAN EDU 18 2 Domain Membership 18 1 1 Acceder los archivos mediante Samba Cuentas de usuarios de estudiantes y profesores que han sido configuradas mediante GOsa pueden ingresar a TJENER HOMES o TJENER lt username gt y acceder a sus directorios personales con computadoras Windows
98. ional Recomendamos leer o al menos echar un vistazo a las notas de publicaci n para Debian Wheezy antes de empezar a usar un sistema para uso en producci n Pruebe Debian Edu Skolelinux deber a funcionar Aseg rese de leer el cap tulo Iniciando con Debian Edu de este manual ya que explica como iniciar sesi n por primera vez M s informaci n sobre la publicaci n de Debian Wheezy est diponible en su manual de instalaci n 6 2 Descargar un medio de instalaci n para Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy 6 2 1 Imagen en CD de instalaci n por red para i386 amd64 El CD de instalaci n por red que puede ser utilizado para instalaciones desde dispositivos USB est adecuado para instalarse en computadoras 1386 y amd64 Se encuentra disponible mediante a debian edu 7 1 edu0 CD iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 CD iso rsync v progress ftp skolelinux org skolelinux cd debian edu 7 1 edu0 CD iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 CD iso 6 2 2 Imagen ISO para arquitectura i386 y amd64 en dispositivos USB y Blue ray The multi architecture ISO image is 5 2 GiB large and can be used for installation of amd64 and i386 machines Please note that internet access during installation is needed Like the others it can be downloaded over FTP HTTP or rsync via a debian edu 7 1 edu0 USB iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 USB iso rsync v progress ftp skolelinux org skolelinux cd debian edu 7 1 edu0 USB iso debian edu 7 1 edu0 USB iso
99. ios usuarios Para facilitar el acceso a GOsa un acceso directo llamado Gosa se encuentra en el men escritorio o en con figuraci n del sistema Una sesi n de estudiante tendr una versi n m nima de GOsa que solamente le brinda acceso a la hoja de informaci n del usuario y a la opci n de cambio de contrase a Los profesores que ingresan con sus propios nombres de usuarios tienen privilegios especiales en GOsa Ellos poseen una vista con m s privilegios y pueden cambiar la contrase a de todas las cuentas de estudiantes Esto puede ser muy practico durante clases Para establecer una nueva contrase a para el usuario 1 Busque el usuario que desea modificar tal como se explic anteriormente 2 Haga clic en la flecha al final del usuario 3 En la siguiente p gina puede escribir la nueva contrase a A Users My account Change password To change the user password use the fields below The changes take effect immediately Please memorize the new password because the user wouldnt be able to login without it New password l Repeat new password Strength E Set password Cancel Tenga cuidado con las consecuencias a la seguridad debido a la facilidad de las contrase as 7 3 4 Administraci n avanzada de usuarios Es posible crear usuarios masivamente con GOsa usando un archivo CSV que puede ser creado con un software de hoja de c lculo 1ocalc por ejemplo Se deben proveer al menos datos para los
100. iremos estos servicios a continuaci n 34 7 INICIANDO 7 2 Introducci n a GOsa 7 2 Introducci n a GOsa GOsa es una herramienta de administraci n web que le ayudar a administrar algunas de las partes importantes de su configuraci n de Debian Edu Podr administrar agregar modificar o eliminar estos principales grupos Administraci n de usuarios Administraci n de grupos Administraci n de grupos de red NIS Administraci n de computadoras Administraci n DNS Administraci n DHCP Para acceder a GOsa necesita el servidor principal Skolelinux y una computadora con un nave gador web puede ser el mismo servidor principal si se instal como un servidor combinado servidor principal servidor de clientes ligeros estaci n de trabajo Si no tiene disponible nada de lo mencio nado anteriormente vea Instalar un entorno gr fico en el servidor principal para usar GOsa Desde un navegador web utilice https www gosa para acceder a GOsa e ingrese por primera vez um Si est utilizando una computadora nueva con Debian Edu el certificado de seguridad del sitio web ser reconocido por el navegador Caso contrario obtendr un mensaje de error sobre certificado SSL equivocado Si sabe que sola mente usted se encuentra conectado a la red acepte e ign relo Para informaci n general sobre GOsa revise https oss gonicus de labs gosa wiki documentation 35 7 INICIANDO 7 2 Introducci
101. kport user generator unicode character transliteration Closes 657086 Customized GOsa configuration to better suit the Debian Edu network architecture e GOsa updates DNS and NFS exports immediately when a system is updated in LDAP ma king diskless workstations work right after they are added to the required netgroup Provide script sitesummary2ldapdhcp to update or populate GOsa with system objects using information gathered by sitesummary to make it easier to add new computers to the network 29 2 8 More software changes Add video editor Kdenlive 0 7 7 and interactive geometry tool Geogebra 3 2 42 Change default package manager from adept to synaptic to avoid getting two graphical package managers installed by default Install openoffice org kde by default ensure OOo uses KDE file dialogs in KDE Change video player setup to install different players in KDE dragonplayer GNOME totem and LXDE totem Add KDE tools freespacenotifier kinfocenter update notifier kde to the default KDE installation a Replace network manager kde with plasma widget networkmanagement in the standalone KDE profile Install usb modeswitch on laptops to handle dual mode USB devices a Add cifs utils to the default installation to ensure SMB mounting can work in any profile Drop octave gpscorrelate qlandkartegt viking starplot kig kseg luma and valgrind from the default installation and the DVD to make room for higher pri
102. la tecla TAB en el men de inicio La imagen DVD multiarquitectura tiene como predeterminado el modo de instalaci n amd64 modo gr fico en ordenadores x86 64 bits e instalaci n gr fica en x86 32 bits a Si desea iniciar en modo texto para un equipo amd64 con la imagen multiarquitectura debe selec cionar amd64 install Aunque tambi n puede seleccionar el modo experto gr fico amd64 para utilizar el modo gr fico para amd 4 a Si desea iniciar el modo i386 con la imagen multiarquitectura en un ordenador amd64 necesitar seleccionar el instalar modo texto o modo gr fico experto modo gr fico a Puede utilizar un servicio proxy HTTP existente en la red para agilizar la instalaci n del servi dor principal desde CD Agregue mirror http proxy http 10 0 2 2 3128 como un par metro adicional de carga Si ya tiene instalador el perfil de servidor principal en una computadora futuras instalaciones se podr an hacer v a PXE ya que utilizar autom ticamente el proxy del servidor principal Para instalar el escritorio GNOME en lugar del escritorio KDE Plasma agregue deskt op gnome a los par metros de carga del kernel Para instalar el escritorio LXDE agregue desktop 1xde a los par metros de carga del kernel Para instalar el escritorio Xfce agregue deskt op xfce a los par metros de carga del kernel 6 4 2 El proceso de instalaci n Recuerde los requerimientos del sistema y aseg rese que tenga al menos
103. lass 22 2013 Description Class 22 Start 2013 Base I Force GID 1004 4 Samba group in domain SKOLELINUX gt System trust Trust mode disabled Groups List of groups O O Base 3 Actions Name E Students all students 5 Teachers all teachers 18 admins fl E class 22 2013 18 domain admins FA domain users 88 gosa admins 18 jradmins 18 nonetblk 18 petra Description All system administrators in the institution Class 22 Start 2013 SAMBA Domain Administrators SAMBA Domain Users GOsa Administrators All junior admins in the institution Users that should be unaffected by network blocking Group of user petra Group members Add OK My account Properties CHERE pe Pe P Pe Pe Pe Pe Pe an My account Change password Apply on ae oe on oe oe on de Cancel Change password Actions 39 7 INICIANDO 75 Administraci n de equipos con GOsa La gesti n de grupos es muy similar a la gesti n de usuarios Puede ingresar un nombre y una descripci n por grupo Aseg rese de elegir el nivel correcto en el rbol LDAP cuando cree un nuevo grupo By default the appropriate Samba group isn t created If you forgot to check the Samba group option during group creation you can modify the group later on Adding users to a newly created grou
104. ld be enabled All machines with a printer All servers Enable shutdown at night automatically All MS Windows workstations All workstations A cronjob updating DNS runs every hour su c 1dap2bind can be used to trigger the update manually 7 5 1 Buscar y eliminar computadoras Buscar computadoras para ser eliminadas es bastante similar a buscar usuarios para eliminar por lo que esa informaci n no se repite aqui 7 5 2 Modificar equipos existentes Manejo del grupo de red After adding a machine to the LDAP tree using GOsa you can modify its properties using the search functionality and clicking on the machine name as you would with users The format of these system entries is similar to the one you already know from modifying user entries but the fields mean different things in this context For example adding a machine to a Net Group does not modify the file access or command execution permissions for that machine or the users logged in to that machine instead it restricts the services that machine can use on your main server La instalaci n por defecto proporciona la Grupo de Red cups queue autoflush hosts cups queue autoreenable hosts fs autoresize hosts ltsp server hosts a netblock hosts 42 8 PRINTER MANAGEMENT printer hosts server hosts shutdown at night hosts winstation hosts workstation hosts Actualmente la funcionalidad de Net Group se utiliza para NES e The home dire
105. mer usuario Esta cuenta es especial ya que no existe una cuenta de Samba puede agregarse v a GOsa los permisos para el directorio del usuario est n establecidos en 700 es necesario ejecutar chmod o x para que el sitio web personal sea accesible el primer usuario puede usar sudo para convertirse en root Despu s de la instalaci n las primeras cosas que necesita hacer como usuario son 1 Iniciar sesi n en el servidor Con la cuenta de roor puede ingresar en modo gr fico 2 Agregar usuarios con GOsa 3 Agregar estaciones de trabajo con GOsa clientes ligeros y estaciones de trabajo sin disco pueden ser usados directamente sin ser agregados Como agregar usuarios y estaciones de trabajo es descrito con m s detalle a continuaci n Por favor lea este cap tulo completamente Abarca como realizar estos pasos m nimos correctamente adem s de otras cosas que probablemente todos necesitan hacer At generic DNS traffic is blocked out of your network and you need to use some specific DNS server to look up internet hosts you need to tell the DNS server to use this server as its forwarder Update etc bind named conf options and specify the IP address of the DNS server to use El capitulo HowTo describe m s trucos pistas y algunas preguntas de uso frecuente 7 1 1 Servicios que corren en el servidor principal Hay varios servicios ejecut ndose en el servidor principal que se pueden gestionar con una interfaz web Describ
106. mment of course O Luego habilite XDMCP en KDM con el comando 62 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 6 Connecting Windows machines to the sudo update ini file etc kde4 kdm kdmrc Xdmcp Enable true Finalmente reinicia KDM ejecutando sudo service kdm restart 17 6 Connecting Windows machines to the network Windows integration 17 6 1 Joining a domain For Windows clients the Windows domain SKOLELINUX is available to be joined A special service called Samba installed on the main server tjener enables Windows clients to store profiles and user data and also authenticates the users during the login A Joining a domain with a Windows client requires the steps described in the Debian Edu Wheezy Samba Howto Windows will sync the profiles of domain users on every Windows login and logout Depending on how much data is stored in the profile this could take some time To minimise the time needed deactivate things like local cache in browsers you can use the Squid proxy cache installed on tjener instead and save files into the H volume rather than under My Documents 17 6 1 1 User groups in Windows Groupmaps must also be added for any other user group you add through GOsa If you want your user groups to be available in Windows e g for netlogon scripts or other group dependant actions you can add them using variations of the following command Samba will function without these groupmaps but Windows machines won
107. mtest86 Memory test memtest86 serial console 115200 Memory test memtest86 experimental multiboot Memory test memtest86 serial console 115200 experimental mult iboo gt the t and keys to select which entry is highlig enter t boot the selected OS e to edit th before booting or c for a command line The highlighted entry will be executed automatically in 29 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo 30 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo CHO Welcome to www Info page for a Debian Edu installation Iceweasel UY Y File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help Welcome to www Info page fo Lo www catal dansk Deutsch English espa ol francais Italiano norsk Nederlands Portugu s Romana Pycckm l X 8338 LOCAL SERVICES e Documentation debianedu En Skolelinux e Printer administration e Backup e Nagios e Munin Welcome to Debian Fdu Skolelinux e Sitesummary If you can see this it means the installation of your Debian Edu server was DEBIAN EDU successful Congratulations and welcome To change the content of this page edit etc debian edu www index html en in your favorite editor Web page On the right side for this page you see some links that can be helpful for you in e Wiki page your work administrating a Debian Edu network Emal lista e Collected
108. n a Debian Edu network Workstation for normal machines on the Debian Edu network Roaming Workstation for single user machines on the Debian Edu network which some times travel outside the network _ Thin Client Server includes Workstation and requires two network cards Standalone for machines meant to be used outside the Debian Edu network It includes a GUI and conflicts with other profiles Minimal fully integrated into the Debian Edu network but contains only a basic system without any GUI Profile s to apply to this machine Main Server M Workstation C Roaming Workstation Y Thin Client Server O Standalone O Minimal Really use the automatic partitioning tool This will destroy the partition table on all disks in the machine REPEAT THIS WILL WIPE CLEAN ALL HARD DISKS IN THE MACHINE If you have important data that are not backed up you may want to stop now in order to do a backup In that case you ll have to restart the installation later Really use the automatic partitioning tool Screenshot 21 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Really use the automatic partitioning tool This will destroy the partition table on all disks in the machine REPEAT THIS WILL WIPE CLEAN ALL HARD DISKS IN THE MACHINE If you have important data that are not backed up you may want to stop now in order to do a backup In that case yo
109. n added updates to German Basque Italian Bokmal Viet namese and Chinese translations 84 29 AP NDICE C CARACTERISTICAS DE 29 4 Nuevas caracteristicas en Debian Edu 29 4 Debian edu doc improvements to Italian Bokmal and German translations as well as overall con tent and layout Sitesummary various improvements most notably several Nagios checks were added to monitor system health Shutdown at night fix 1435 did not work with the LDAP host groups populated by lwat Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian Edu 5 0 4 edu0 Lenny publicado el 2010 02 08 Everything that is new in Debian 5 0 4 see the following paragraph for details More than 80 applications relevant for education are included based on user feedback and user statistics through Debian Edu popularity contest The full list of packages is given in the task overview page Escritorio para los estudiantes mejorado con accesos directos a software educativo como GCom pris Kalzium Kgeography KMplot KStars Stopmotion y OpenOffice Write e Impress Iconos din micos del escritorio y opciones del men son ajustadas basada en el grupo de usuarios GNOME added as a supported desktop see the Installation chapter to learn how to install with GNOME instead of KDE as desktop Soporte para mas de 50 idiomas Sistema mejorado para administraci n de usuarios e identificaci n de computadoras Mejoras en la configuraci n de clientes sin disco y cliente
110. n archivo de preconfiguraci n con sus respuestas esto se describe en el ap ndice del manual del instalador de Debian y remasterizar el CD DVD 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo El modo de texto y modo gr fico de instalaci n son id nticos s lo la apariencia es diferente El modo gr fico le ofrece la oportunidad de utilizar un rat n y por supuesto el modo gr fico se ve mucho mejor y m s moderno A menos que el hardware presente problemas con el modo gr fico no hay raz n para no usarlo So here is a screenshot tour through a graphical Main Server Workstation Thin Client Server installation and how it looks at the first boot of the tjener a PXE boot on the workstation network and on the thinclient network UA imsta Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry 17 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Select a language Choose the language to be used for the installation process The selected language will also be the default language for the installed system Language Chinese Simplified PARA Chinese Traditional Px S284 Croatian Hrvatski Czech e tina Danish Dansk Dutch Nederlands Dzongkha En Esperanto Esperanto Estonian Eesti Finnish Suomi French Francais Galician Galego Georgian go mgmo0 German Deutsch _Graok LE ma Select your location The selected location will be us
111. n https www sitesummary Documentaci n sobre sitesummary se encuentra disponible en http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo SiteSummary 46 12 ACTUALIZACIONES 11 4 M s informaci n sobre 11 4 M s informaci n sobre personalizaciones de Debian Edu M s informaci n sobre personalizaciones de Debian Edu til para administradores de sistema puede encontrarse en el cap tulo Administraci n y en el cap tulo Administraci n avanzada 12 Actualizaciones A Antes de leer est gu a de actualizaci n tenga en cuenta que las actualizaciones en su servidor en producci n la hace bajo su propio riesgo Debian Edu Skolelinux no tiene ABSOLUTAMENTE NIN GUNA GARANT A m s all de las que indique la ley aplicable Lea este cap tulo por completo antes de empezar a actualizar sus sistemas 12 1 Notas generales sobre la actualizaci n Upgrading Debian from one distribution to the next is generally rather easy For Debian Edu this is unfortunately not yet true as we heavily modify configuration files in ways we shouldn t See Debian bug 311188 for more information Upgrading is still possible but may require some work En general actualizar los servidores es m s dif cil que las estaciones de trabajo y el servidor principal es el m s dif cil de actualizar Las estaciones de trabajo sin disco son m s faciles ya que su entorno chroot puede ser eliminado y recreado si no lo ha modificado Si lo ha modificado el chroot es b
112. n problem is that users save their files on the Windows desktop or in the My Documents folder instead of in their home directory Also some badly designed programs use the profile to store data and as scratch space The educational approach one way to deal with overlarge profiles is to explain the situation to the users Tell them not to store huge files on the desktop and if they fail to listen it s their own fault when login is slow Tweaking the profile a different approach to dealing with the problem is to remove parts of the profile and redirect other parts to regular file storage This moves the workload from the users to the adminis trator while adding complexity to the installation There are at least three ways to edit the parts that are removed from the roaming profile 63 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 6 Connecting Windows machines to the 17 6 3 1 Example smb conf files for roaming profiles You should hopefully find an example smb conf in your preferred language delivered by the installation on tjener under usr share debian edu config examples The source file is in English and is called smb roaming profiles en conf look for a file with the appropriate code in the filename the German translation for example will be named smb roaming profiles de conf Inside the config file are a lot of explanations which you should have a look at 17 6 3 2 Machine policies for roaming profiles Machine policies can be e
113. ncremental update to Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 con taining all the changes between Debian 6 0 4 and 6 0 7 as well as the following changes sitesummary was updated from 0 1 3 to 0 1 8 e Make Nagios configuration more robust and efficient e Comply with 3 X kernel debian edu doc from 1 4 20120310 6 0 4 r0 to 1 4 20130228 6 0 7 r1 e Minor updates from the wiki e Danish translation now complete a debian edu config from 1 453 to 1 455 e Fix etc hosts for LTSP diskless workstations Closes 699880 e Make ltsp local mount script work for multiple devices e Correct Kerberos user policy don t expire password after 2 days Closes 664596 e Handle characters in the root or first users password Closes 664976 e Fixes for gosa sync o Don t fail if password contains o Don t disclose new password string in syslog e Fixes for gosa create o Invalidate libnss cache before applying changes o Multiple failures during mass user import into GOsa 80 29 APENDICE C CARACTERISTICAS DE 29 2 New features in Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 e gosa netgroups plugin don t erase entries of attribute type memberNisNetgroup Closes 687256 e First user now uses the same Kerberos policy as all other users e Add Danish web page debian edu install from 1 528 to 1 530 e Improve preseeding support and documentation 29 2 New features in Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 Codename Squeeze released 2012 03 11 29 2 1 User visible changes
114. nd Wolfgang Schweer 2012 2013 2014 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The Italian translation is copyrighted by Claudio Carboncini 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 and Beatrice Torracca 2013 2014 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The French translation is copyrighted by Christophe Masson 2008 Olivier Vitrat 2010 C dric Boutillier 2012 2013 Jean Paul Guilloneau 2012 David Pr vot 2012 Thomas Vincent 2012 and the French 110n team 2009 2010 2012 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The Danish translation is copyrighted by Joe Hansen 2012 2013 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version The Dutch translation is copyrighted by Frans Spiesschaert 2014 and is released under the GPL v2 or any later version 26 Traducciones de este documento Versions of this document fully translated into German Italian French and Danish are available Incomplete translations exist for Norwegian Bokmal and Spanish This is an online overview of all lan guages 26 1 HowTo translate this document As in many free software projects translations of this document are kept in PO files More infor mation about the process can be found in usr share doc debian edu doc README debian edu wheezy manual translations The Git repository see below contains this file too Take a look there and at the language specific conventions if you want to help translat
115. nd acls to have more types to choose from when adding systems in GOsa Now systems can be of type server workstation printer terminal or netdevice 23 1 6 Other changes New Xfce desktop task LTSP diskless workstations run without any configuration a On the dedicated client network of thin client servers default 192 168 0 0 24 machines run by default as diskless workstations if they are powerful enough a GOsa gui Now some options that seemed to be available but are non functional are greyed out or are not clickable Some tabs are completely hidden to the end user others even to the GOsa admin 23 1 7 Known issues a Using KDE Plasma on standalone and roaming workstations at least Konqueror Chromium and Step sometimes fail to work out of the box when the machines are used outside the backbone network proxy use is required to use the other network but no wpad dat information is found Workaround Use Iceweasel or configure the proxy manually 74 26 TRADUCCIONES DE ESTE DOCUMENTO 24 Copyright y authores This document is written and copyrighted by Holger Levsen 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Petter Reinholdtsen 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2014 Daniel Hef 2007 Patrick Winnertz 2007 Knut Yrvin 2007 Ralf Gesellensetter 2007 Ronny Aasen 2007 Mor ten Werner Forsbring 2007 Bjarne Nielsen 2007 2008 Nigel Barker 2007 Jos L Redrejo Rodriguez 2
116. nnect to a VNC server or another RDP server Some municipalities provide a remote desktop solution so that students and teachers can access Skolelinux from their home computer running Windows Mac or Linux 17 7 2 Clientes de escritorio remoto disponible a freerdp x11 is installed by default and is captable of RDP and VNC e RDP the easiest way to access Windows terminal server An alternative client package is rdesktop e VNC client Virtual Network Computer gives access to Skolelinux remotely An alternative client package is xvncviewer NX graphical client gives students and teachers access to Skolelinux remotely on Windows Mac or Linux PC One municipality in Norway has provided NX support to all students since 2005 They report that the solution is stable a Citrix ICA client HowTo to access Windows terminal server from Skolelinux 17 8 HowTos de wiki debian org The HowTos from http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo are either user or developer specific Let s move the user specific HowTos over here and delete them over there But first ask the authors see the history of those pages to find them if they are fine with moving the howto and putting it under the GPL http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo LocalDeviceLtspfs a http wiki debian org DebianEdu HowTo LtspDisklessWorkstation 18 Samba en Debian Edu Samba v3 en Debian Edu Wheezy ha sido preparado para usarse como un controlador de domi n
117. now the exact location of your user account in your tree change to the base level of the GOsa LDAP tree and search there with the option marked Search in subtrees When using the Filter box results will immediately appear in the middle of the text in the table list view Every line represents a user account and the items farthest to the right on each line are little icons that provide actions for you cut entry copy entry edit user lock account set password take snapshot not usable and remove user Una nueva p gina se mostrar donde podr modificar la informaci n pertinente al usuario directa mente cambiar su contrase a y modificar la lista de grupos a los que pertenece 37 7 INICIANDO 7 3 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa Users harhir Generic POS IX Samba ACL References Personal information Last name King First name Harry Login harhir Personal title Academic title Date of birth Sex Change picture Preferred language Base Students Organizational information Organization Department Department No Employee No Employee type Manager 4 7 3 3 Establecer contrase as My account Change password Address Private phone Homepage Password ssha storage E Certificates Edit certificates Restrict login to IP or network Add Location State Address OK Apply Cancel Los estudiantes pueden cambiar sus contrase as ingresando a GOsa son sus prop
118. ns plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifyin
119. o boot or TAB to edit a menu ent This is how the PXE menu looks with the Main Server and Thin Client Server profiles 15 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu Boot from localsharddr ive LTSP diskless workstation LTSP thin client Install Edu 13866 de Install Eduzamd64 kde Test memory Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu ent Esta configuraci n permite iniciar a las estaciones sin disco y clientes ligeros a trav s de la red prin cipal A diferencia de las estaciones de trabajo las estaciones de trabajo sin disco no necesitan ser agre gadas a LDAP con GOsa pero pueden agregarse si necesita forzar el nombre del host Mas informacion acerca de los clientes de red puede ser encontrada en el capitulo 6 4 5 1 Modificar instalaciones PXE La instalaci n PXE utiliza un archivo de preconfiguraci n para debian installer que puede ser modificado y solicitar mas paquetes para instalar Una linea como esta debe ser agregada at jener etc debian edu www debian edu inst all dat Gea pkgsel include string my extra package s La instalaci n PXE usa el archivo var 1ib tftpboot debian edu install cfg y el archi vo de preconfiguraci n etc debian edu www debian edu install dat Estos archivos pue den modificarse para ser ajustados a la configuraci n usada durante la instalaci n y as evitar las pre guntas cuando se realicen instalaciones por red Otra manera de lograr esto e
120. o el 12 05 2007 Una mejor documentaci n con traducciones actualizadas a Aleman Noruego Bokmal e Italiano Includes more than 40 bug fixes improvements and security updates that came to our attention after the 3 0r0 release New features in the 3 0r0 Terra release 2007 07 22 Basado en Debian 4 0 Etch publicaci n en 2007 04 08 Instalador grafico con soporte para mouse Boot splash con usplash comatible con LSB 3 1 Version del kernel linux 2 6 18 e soporte para controladoras SATA y discos r gidos Versi n de X 7 1 Ambiente gr fico KDE 3 5 5 OpenOffice versi n 2 0 LTSP5 versi n 0 99debian12 Inventario autom tico de equipos instalados utilizando Sitesummary Configuraci n autom tica de munin utilizando los datos de Sitesummary Control autom tico de versiones de configuraci n en etc por medio de svk File systems can be extended while the file system is mounted e Support for automatically extending file systems based on predefined rules Soporte de dispositivos locales en Clientes ligeros Nuevas arquitecturas de procesadores amd64 soporte completo y ppc soporte experimental el sistema de instalaci n funciona nicamente en la nueva subarquitectura newworld DVDs multi arquitectura para i386 amd64 y powerpc El CD de instalaci n requiere acceso a internet durante la instalaci n Versiones previas pod an instalarse a partir de un CD sin acceso a internet 86 29 AP NDICE C CARACTERISTICAS DE 29 8
121. o el nivel b sico 36 7 INICIANDO 7 3 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa 7 3 Gesti n de usuarios con GOsa First click on Users in the left navigation menu The right side of the screen will change to show a table with department folders for Students and Teachers and the account of the GOsa Super Administrator the first created user Above this table you can see a field called Base that allows you to navigate through your tree structure move your mouse over that area and a drop down menu will appear and to select a base folder for your intended operations e g adding a new user 7 3 1 Agregar usuarios Next to that tree navigation item you can see the Actions menu Move your mouse over this item and a submenu appears on screen choose Create here and then User You will be guided by the user creation wizard The most important thing to add is the template newstudent or newteacher and the full name of your user see image As you follow the wizard you will see that GOsa generates a username automatically based on the real name It automatically chooses a username that doesn t exist yet so multiple users with the same full name are not a problem Note that GOsa can generate invalid usernames if the full name contains non ASCII characters If you don t like the generated username you can select another username offered in the drop down box but you do not have a free choice here in the wizard
122. oc 1tsp LTSPManual html for detailed information about LTSP The default values are defined under default to configure one client specify it in terms of its MAC address or IP address like this 192 168 0 10 Example To make the thin client ltsp010 use 1280x1024 resolution add something like this 02 168 0 101 X MODE Q 1280x1024 X HORZSYNC 60 70 X VERTREFRESH 59 62 somewhere below the default settings To force usage of a specific xserver on an LTSP client set the XSERVER variable For example MES 2 PAR ESP OEM XSERVER nvidia Depending on what changes you make it may be necessary to restart the client To use IP addresses in 1ts conf you need to add the client MAC address to your DHCP server Otherwise you should use the client MAC address directly in your 1ts conf file 17 4 2 Force all thin clients to use LXDE as default desktop environment Make sure that LXDE is installed on the thin client server then add a line like this below default in lts conf LDM_SESSION usr bin startlxde Note that users will still be able to select other installed desktop environments using the Settings feature of LDM 17 43 Load balancing LTSP servers 17 4 3 1 Parte1 Itis possible to set up the clients to connect to one of several LTSP servers for load balancing This is done by providing opt 1tsp i386 usr share ltsp get_hosts as a script printing one or more se
123. omputadoras con perfil de servidor principal y servidor de clientes ligeros son monitoreadas completamente mientras que los clientes ligeros y las estaciones de trabajo son monito readas b sicamente Para habilitar el monitoreo completo en una estaci n de trabajo instale el paquete nagios nrpe server en la estaci n de trabajo 45 11 MAINTENANCE 11 3 Monitorizaci n del servidor El usuario es nagiosadmin y la contrase a por defecto es skolelinux Por razones de seguridad evite usar la misma contrase a para el usuario root Para cambiar la contrase a usted puede ejecutar el siguiente comando como usuario root htpasswd etc nagios3 htpasswd users nagiosadmin Por defecto Nagios no envia correos electr nicos Esto se puede cambiar reemplazando notify by nothing por host notify by email y notify by email en el archivo etc nagios3 sites ummary template contacts cfg El archivo de configuraci n de Nagios usado es etc nagios3 sitesummary cfg El cron job de sitesummary genera var lib sitesummary nagios generated cfg con la lista de equipos y servicios por monitorear Revisiones extras de Nagios pueden ser puestas en el archivo var lib sitesummary nagios generated cfg post para que sean incluidas en el archivo generado Informaci n sobre Nagios est disponible en http www nagios org o en el paquete nagi os3 doc 11 3 2 1 Advertencias comunes de Nagios y como manejarlas Aqu hay instrucciones sobre como manejar las adv
124. on is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the inte grity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General
125. ontents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for su
126. ority packages 83 29 AP NDICE C CARACTER STICAS DE 29 3 Nuevas caracter sticas en 5 0 6 edu1 Drop libnss mdns from stationary profiles to make sure DNS is the authoritive source of host names freerdp x11 is installed by default as RDP and VNC client Previously rdeskt op was installed instead 29 2 9 Other LDAP related changes Make the LDAP server handle more clients after increasing the server s file descriptor limit from 1024 to 32768 Add code to re enable stopped CUPS queues every hour on the Main Server and flush all CUPS queues every night Both can be disabled in LDAP Provide network blocking exam mode by default controlled by LDAP In addition to network blocking changes to the Squid proxy configuration is needed Enable automatic extending of full file systems on the Main Server by default This can be disabled in LDAP Change SSL certificate name used by the LDAP server and adjust clients to use the new name to be able to enable certificate checking on clients Switch PowerDNS to use strict LDAP mode to allow us to simplify the LDAP setup used for DNS Simplify autofs LDAP rules to make sure they work with extra home directory partitions exported from the main server without any changes Make backup system more robust in handling LDAP database dump and restart 29 2 10 Other changes 29 3 Root logins are denied for both RDM and GDM see above and Getting started for details
127. p takes you back to the user list where you most probably would like to use the filter box to find users Check the LDAP tree level too Los grupos incluidos en el manejo de grupos son tambi n grupos regulares de Unix asi que pueden utilizarse tambi n para los permisos de archivos 7 4 1 Gesti n de grupos en la linea de comando Muestra el mapeo existente entre grupos UNIX y Windows net groupmap list Agrega un grupo nuevo o faltante net groupmap add unixgroup GRUPO_NUEVO type domain ntgroup GRUPO_NUEVO_GRUPO comment DESCRIPCION DEL GRUPO NUEVO Esto se explica detalladamente en el cap tulo HowTo NetworkClients de este manual 7 5 Administraci n de equipos con GOsa Machine management basically allows you to manage all networked devices in your Debian Edu network Every machine added to the LDAP directory using GOsa has a hostname an IP address a MAC address and a domain name which is usually intern For a fuller description of the Debian Edu architecture see the architecture chapter of this manual Diskless workstations and thin clients work out of the box when connected to the main network Only workstations with disks have to be added with GOsa but all can To add a machine use the GOsa main menu systems add You can use an IP address hostname from the preconfigured address space 10 0 0 0 8 Currently there are only two predefined fixed ad dresses 10 0 2 2 tjener and 10 0 0 1 gatew
128. package e The links under Local services are links to services running on this server usage These tools can assist you in your daily work with the Debian Edu solution e The Linux Signpost e The links under Debian Edu are links to the Debian Edu and or Skolelinux e Donate to the project pages on the Internet o Documentation Choose this to browse the installed documentation o GOsa LDAP administration Choose this to get to the GOsa LDAP administration web system Use this to add and edit users and machines o Printer administration Choose this to administer your printers o Backup Choose this to get to the backup system here you can restore or change the nightly backup 4 A 01 14 PM 31 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Boot from localsharddr ive P disk unrk LTSP thin client Install Edu 1366 kde Install Edu amd64 kde Test memory Press ENTER to boot or TAB to edit a menu entry 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Jane Doe jane on auto mac 52 54 00 34 e1 7 8 Search si Web Browser Word Processor A Multi activity educational game Favorites File Manager x System Settings Favorites 7 INICIANDO 7 Iniciando 7 1 Pasos m nimos para iniciar Durante la instalaci n del servidor principal fue creada una primera cuenta de usuario A continua ci n esta cuenta se llamar pri
129. per vcs log Vea que archivos no estan siendo seguidos o los que no estan actualizados etckeeper vcs status To manually commit a file because you don t want to wait up to an hour etckeeper vcs commit a etc resolv conf 14 2 Redimensionando Particiones In Debian Edu all partitions other than the boot partition are on logical LVM volumes With Linux kernels since version 2 6 10 it is possible to extend partitions while they are mounted Shrinking partitions still needs to happen while the partition is unmounted It is a good idea to avoid creating very large partitions over say 20GiB because of the time it takes to run sck on them or to restore them from backup if the need arises It is better if possible to create several smaller partitions than one very large one The helper script debian edu fsautoresize is provided to make it easier to extend full parti tions When invoked it reads the configuration from usr share debian edu config fsautore sizetab site etc fsautoresizetaband etc fsautoresizetab It then proposes to extend partitions with too little free space according to the rules provided in these files If run with no argu ments it will only show the commands needed to extend the file system The argument n is needed to actually execute these commands to extend the file systems The script is executed automatically every hour on every client listed in the fsautoresize hosts netgroup When the partition
130. personas luego instalar via PXE Tenga en cuenta que debe tener dos tarjetas de red instalado en la computadora que se va a usada como servidor principal combinado o como servidor de clientes ligeros para que pueda ser til despu s de su instalaci n El orden de las tarjetas de red despu s de la instalaci n puede cambiar del orden durante la insta laci n El orden deseado puede conseguirse editando el archivo etc udev rules d 70 persist ent net rules Usualmente si esto pasa querr reemplazar eth0 con eth1 y eth1 con eth0 un reinicio del equipo es necesario para que los cambios tengan efecto Seleccione si o no para particionamiento autom tico Este consciente que al seleccionar s se eliminar n todos los datos en el disco duro al seleccionar no se requerir m s trabajo y necesitar que las particiones requeridas sean creadas y tengan suficiente espacio Won Por favor seleccione si para enviar informaci n a http popcon skolelinux org para permitirnos saber que paquetes son populares y deberian de mantenerse para futuras versiones Usted no esta obligado a hacerlo pero es la manera mas facil de que colabore 8 13 6 INSTALACION Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu a Espere Si en los perfiles seleccionados se incluye Thin client server entonces el instalador tardar un poco mas al final Finalizando la instalaci n Ejecutando debian edu profile udeb Despu s
131. por red que es el tipo de instalaci n que ofrece nuestro CD tomar algunos paquetes del CD y el resto lo tomar de Internet El monto de paquetes tomados desde la red varia de perfil en perfil pero se mantiene menor a un gigabyte al menos que elija instalar todos los escritorios posibles Una vez que tiene instalado el servidor principal ya sea un servidor principal o un servidor combinado futuras instalaciones usar n el proxy para prevenir la descarga de los mismos paquetes muchas veces desde Internet 6 4 3 4 Nota sobre la instalaci n de servidores de clientes ligeros First of all this profile name is confusing for historic reasons Currently this profile actually installs an LTSP server environment for thin clients and for workstations Debian bug 588510 has been filed to change the name of the profile into a better suited one Al proporcionar el par metro de carga del n cleo edu skip 1ltsp make client hace posible omitir el paso en el que se convierte el entorno de LTSP de cliente delgado a un ambiente combinado de cliente delgado estaci n de trabajo sin disco This is useful in certain situations such as if you want a pure thin client chroot or if there is already a diskless chroot on another server which can be rsynced For these situations skipping this step will cut down the installation time considerably Excepto por el extenso tiempo de instalaci n no hay problema en crear un chroot combinado y por eso se hace de forma pr
132. r suficiente para una estaci n de trabajo o un PC individual 30Gb para un servidor de clientes ligeros y con uno de al menos 40 Gb para el servidor principal Como es normal respecto al espacio en disco para el servidor principal entre m s espacio mejor Los clientes ligeros pueden funcionar con 64 MB de RAM y 133 MHZ de procesador aunque se recomiendo 128 MB de RAM y procesadores de mayor velocidad e Para ejecutar Iceweasel Firefox y LibreOffice recomendamos 128 MiB de RAM como m ni mo Para estaciones de trabajo terminales tontas e instalaciones individuales PC s con velocidad de 800 MHz y 320 Mb de RAM son los requerimientos m nimos a n con 512 o 1024 Mb de RAM dar a un mejor desempe o pero solo con un procesador m s r pido ayudar a en su funcionamiento e La paginaci n de memoria por red esta habilitada por defecto tiene un tama o de 512Mb Si necesita m s puede modificarlo desde la variable SIZE en el archivo etc ltsp nbds wapd conf en tjener Por favor ajuste el tama o de la memoria de paginaci n ya sea localmente en la PC o en el servidor o Si sus terminales tienen disco duro se recomienda que sean utilizados para paginaci n ya que resulta ser m s r pida que la paginaci n por medio de la red e En estaciones de trabajo con poca memoria RAM el corrector ortogr fico de LibreOffice pue de causar que se cuelgue ya que el espacio para paginaci n es peque o Por lo que el admi nistrador tendr a q
133. rate the list of clients on the fly Aqu tiene un ejemplo de etc shutdown at night clients generator para usar con site summary bin sh PATH usr sbin PATH export PATH sitesummary nodes w An alternative if the netgroup is used to activate shutdown at night on clients is this script using the netgroup tool from the ng utils package bin sh PATH usr sbin SPATH export PATH netgroup h shutdown at night hosts 14 13 Acceso a servidores Debian Edu ubicados detras de un firewall To access machines behind a firewall from the Internet consider installing the package autossh It can be used to set up an SSH tunnel to a machine on the Internet that you have access to From that machine you can access the server behind the firewall via the SSH tunnel 14 14 Installing additional service machines for spreading the load from main server En la instalaci n predeterminada todos los servicios estan ejecutandose en el servidor principal tjener Para mover algunos servicios a otra computadora de manera sencilla existe un perfil minimo de instalaci n disponible Instalar con este perfil le proporcionar una computadora que es parte de la red de Debian Edu pero que no cuenta con un servicio ejecut ndose todavia Estos son los pasos que se deben seguir para configurar un servicio dedicado en una computadora u Instale el perfil m nimo usando la opci n de carga debian edu expert a Instale los paquetes del servicio a Con
134. repository do apt setup locall repository string http example org debian stable main contrib non free elit apt setup locall comment string Example Software Repository d i apt setup local1 source boolean true d i apt setup local1 key string http example org key asc y luego ejecute una vez usr sbin debian edu pxeinstall 58 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 3 Changing network settings 17 2 3 Cambiar el men PXE en un servidor combinado servidor principal y LTSP The PXE menu allows network booting of LTSP clients the installer and other alternatives The file var lib tftpboot pxelinux cfg default is used by default if no other file in that directory matches the client and out of the box it is set to link to var lib tftpboot debian edu defa ult menu cfg If all clients should boot as diskless workstations instead of getting the full PXE menu this can be implemented by changing the symlink ln s var lib tftpboot debian edu default diskless cfg var lib tftpboot pxelinux cfg default If all clients should boot as thin clients instead change the symlink like this ln s var lib tftpboot debian edu default thin cfg var lib tftpboot pxelinux cfg default See also the PXELINUX documentation at http syslinux zytor com wiki index php PXELINUX 17 2 4 Separate main and LTSP server For performance and security considerations it might be desired to set up a separate main server which
135. rincipal 3 1 3 Servicios que corren en el servidor principal Con la excepci n del control de los clientes ligeros todos los servicios se configuran inicialmente en un ordenador central el servidor principal Debido a razones de rendimiento el servidor de clientes ligeros debe ser una m quina separada aunque se pueden instalar juntos en la misma m quina los perfiles de servidor principal y servidor de clientes ligeros Todos los servicios tienen un nombre de DNS y se ofrecen nicamente sobre IPv4 Los nombres de DNS para los servicios hacen f cil el traslado a m quinas individuales de cada uno de ellos Tan s lo hay que parar el servicio en el servidor principal y cambiar la configuraci n de DNS para apuntar a la nueva ubicaci n del servicio que evidentemente debe configurarse antes en esa m quina Para garantizar la seguridad siempre q ue se transmitan contrase as por la red se hace en canal encriptado Por tanto no se env a ninguna contrase a en texto plano Abajo se encuentra una lista de los servicios que se tienen por defecto en una red Skolelinux con el nombre de DNS en cada servicio Si es posible todos los archivos de configuraci n har n referencia al servicio por su nombre sin el nombre del dominio haciendo m s f cil para las escuelas el cambio de dominio si se tiene un dominio DNS o la direcci n IP que utilizan Tabla de servicios Descripci n de servicios Nombre com n Nombr
136. rmaci n adicional 8 6 2 Descargar un medio de instalaci n para Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy 8 6 2 1 Imagen en CD de instalaci n por red para i386 amd64 8 6 2 2 Imagen ISO para arquitectura i386 y amd64 en dispositivos USB y Blue ray 8 6 2 3 Imagen del c digo fuente 9 6 3 Solicite un CD DVD por correo 9 6 4 Instalacion de Debian Edu naaa Le 9 6 4 1 Seleccione el tipo de instalaci n 9 6 4 1 1 Par metros adicionales de carga para instalaciones 12 6 4 2 El proceso de instalaci n 12 6 4 3 Notas en algunas caracter sticas 14 6 4 3 1 Nota sobre equipos port tiles 14 6 4 3 2 Nota sobre instalaciones con imagen multiarquitectura USB Blue ray 14 6 4 3 3 Nota acerca de de la instalaci n con CD 14 6 4 3 4 Nota sobre la instalaci n de servidores de clientes ligeros 14 6 4 4 Instalaci n utilizando memorias USB lugar de CD Blue ray 14 6 4 5 Instalaci n a trav s de la red PXE e inicio de estaciones sin disco 15 6 4 5 1 Modificar instalaciones PXE 16 6 4 6 Im genes personalizadas 17
137. rvers for LDM to connect to In addition to this each LTSP chroot needs to include the SSH host key for each of the servers First of all you must choose one LTSP server to be the load balancing server All the clients will PXE boot from this server and load the Skolelinux image After the image is loaded LDM chooses which server to connect to by using the get hosts script How this is done you decide later on The load balancing server must be announced to the clients as the next server via DHCP As DHCP configuration is in LDAP modifications have to be done there Use ldapvi ldap conf ZD cn admin to edit the appropriate entry in LDAP Enter the main server s root password at the prompt if VISUAL isn t set the default editor will be nano Search for a line reading dhcpStat ments next server tjener Next server should be the IP address or hostname of the server you chose to be the load balancing server If you use hostname you must have a working DNS Remember to restart the DHCP service Now you have to move your clients from the 192 168 1 0 network to the 10 0 0 0 network attach them to the backbone network instead of the network attached to the LTSP server s second network card This 60 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 4 LTSP en detalle is because when you use load balancing the clients need direct access to the server chosen by LDM If you leave your clients on the 192 168 1 0 network all of the clients tr
138. rwrite the registry thus applying the changes To make sensible use of poledit exe you also need to download appropriate adm files for your operating system and applications otherwise you cannot define many settings in poledit exe Be aware that the new group policy tools gpedit msc and gpmc msc cannot create pol files they either only work for the local machine or need an Active Directory server If you understand German http gruppenrichtlinien de is a very good web site on this topic 17 6 3 4 Editar el registro de Windows You can edit the registry of the local computer and copy this registry key to other computers 1 Iniciar el editor del registro 2 Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER Software Microsoft Windows NT CurrentVersion Winlogon 3 Use the menu Edit menu gt New gt String Value 4 Call it ExcludeProfileDirs 5 Enter a semicolon separated list of paths to exclude in the same way as for a machine policy 64 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 6 Connecting Windows machines to the 6 Now you can choose to export this registry key as a reg file Mark a selection right click and select Export 7 Save the file and you can double click it or add it to a script to spread it to other machines Fuentes a http technet2 microsoft com windowsserver en technologies featured gp default mspx http www samba org samba docs man Samba HOWTO Collection PolicyMgmt h
139. s agregar configuraciones extras a los archivos etc debian edu pxeinstall conf y etc debian edu www debian edu install dat local yejecutar usr sbin debian edu pxeinstall para actualizar los ar chivos generados M s informaci n puede ser encontrada en el Para desactivar o cambiar el uso del proxy cuando instale v a PXE necesita cambiar las lineas que contengan mirror http proxy mirror ftp proxy y preseed early_command en el archi vo tjener etc debian edu www debian edu install dat Para desactivar el uso de proxy cuando instale anteponga el signo al inicio de las primeras dos lineas y elimine export http pr oxy http webcache 3128 de la ltima linea Algunas configuraciones no pueden preconfigurarse porque son necesiarias antes que el archivo de preconfiguraci n sea descargado Estas son configuradas en los argumentos de carga PXElinux based disponibles en var lib tftproot debian edu install cfg Idioma disposici n del teclados y escritorio son algunas de estas configuraciones 16 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo 6 4 6 Im genes personalizadas Crear CDs DVDs o Blue rays personalizados es bastante f cil ya que se utilizamos el debian ins taller el cual es de dise o modular y posee otras caracter sticas tiles La Preconfiguraci n le permite definir las respuestas a las preguntas realizadas regularmente As que todo lo que necesitas hacer es crear u
140. s en el directorio home de los usuarios Con este script el administrador puede crear directorios en cada directorio personal de usuario y establecer los permisos de acceso y propiedad In the example shown below with group teachers and permissions 2770 a user can hand in an assignment by saving the file to the folder assignments where teachers are given write access to be able to make comments bin bash home_path skole tjener home0 shared_folder assignments permissions 2770 created_dir 0 for home in ls Shome_path do if d Shome_path S home shared_folder then mkdir home_path home shared_folder chmod permissions Shome_path Shome shared_folder set the right owner and group username group name folder name user Shome group teachers chown user group home_path Shome shared_folder created_dir 1 else cho the folder home_path S home shared_folder already exists n del done echo Screated_dir folders have been created 15 2 2 F cil acceso a dispositivos USB y CDROMs DVDs When users insert a USB drive or a DVD CDROM into a diskless workstation a popup window appears asking what to do with it just like in any other normal installation When users insert a USB drive or a DVD CDROM into a thin client there is only a notify window showing up for a few seconds The media is automatically mounted and it is possible to access it brow sing to the media user
141. s ligeros Nuevo men inicio permite a los usuarios elegir entre estaci n de trabajo sin disco cliente ligero y estaci n de trabajo Opci n de estaci n de trabajo sin disco es instalada pero no activada por defecto en los servidores con el perfil servidor de clientes ligeros Main server is set up as a PXE server for booting thin clients and diskless workstations and for installing to clients hard or flash drives The configuration for DNS and DHCP is stored in LDAP and can be edited using 1vat The DNS server has been switched from bind9 to powerdns LDAP server for directory services NSS is located using a SRV record in DNS instead of hardco ding the ldap DNS name LDAP server for password checks PAM is still using the hardcoded Idap DNS name Multi architecture amd64 i386 powerpc net installer CD Most Packages are downloaded over the Internet Multi architecture amd64 i386 installer DVD capable of installing without network PulseAudio is provided in addition to ALSA and OSS for sound on workstations and diskless workstation machines El perfil B sico ha sido renombrado a Minimo para ser m s acorde La configuraci n de Nagios3 ahora es autom ticamente creada por sitesummary El archivo por usuario xsession errorses seccionado autom ticamente cuando el usuario inicia sesi n para evitar utilizar demasiado espacio en la partici n home con un registro que crece infinitamente El usuario pued
142. s using the external clock sources run ntpq c lpeer 10 Redimensionando particiones completas Because of a possible bug with automatic partitioning some partitions might be too full after ins tallation To extend these partitions run debian edu fsautoresize n as root See the Resizing Partitions HowTo in the administration HowTo chapter for more information 11 Maintenance 11 1 Actualizar el software This section explains how to use apt get upgrade Using apt get is really simply To update a system you need to execute two commands on the command line as root apt get update which updates the lists of available packages and apt get upgrade which upgrades the packages for which an upgrade is available As Debian Edu uses libpam tmpdir setting a per user TMP directory it is a good idea to run apt get without the TMP and TMPDIR variables set in the LTSP chroot It is also a good idea to upgrade using the C locale to get known output and sorting order even though that making a difference is a bug in a package C_ALL C apt get update LC_ALL C TMP TMPDIR ltsp chroot apt get update C_ALL C apt get upgrade y C_ALL C TMP TMPDIR ltsp chroot p apt get upgrade y ltsp update kernels If a new kernel was installed A Itis important to run 1tsp update kernels if a new kernel was installed in the LTSP chroot to keep the kernel and kernel modules in sync The kernel is handed out via TFTP when the machine does
143. se field should show Students From the drop box Actions choose Create Department Fill in values for Name 2014 and Description fields students graduating in 2014 leave the Base field as is should be Students Save it clicking OK Now the new department 2014 should show up below Students Click it a Grupo Elije Groups del men principal Actions Create Group Escriba el nombre del grupo deje Ba se deber a estar en Students 2014 y haga clic en la caja de selecci n de la izquierda de Samba group ok para guardar a Planitlla Choose users from the main menu Change to Students in the Base field An Entry NewStudent should show up click it This is the students template not a real user As you ll have to create such a template to be able to use csv import for your structure based on this one notice all entries showing up in the Generic POSIX and Samba tabs maybe take screenshots Now change to Students 2014 in the Base field choose Create Template and start to fill in your desired values first the Generic tab add your new 2014 group under Group Membership too then add POSIX and Samba account Importar usuarios Elija su nueva plantilla cuando importe el archivo csv probarlo con pocos usuarios es lo recomen dable 53 15 ADVANCED ADMINISTRATION 15 2 Other User Customisations 15 2 Other User Customisations 15 2 1 Crear directorio
144. ser Customisations 54 15 2 1 Crear directorios en el directorio home de los usuarios 54 15 2 2 F cil acceso a dispositivos USB y CDROMs DVDS 54 15 2 2 1 Advertencia sobre medios removibles en servidores LTSP 55 15 3 Use a dedicated storage server 55 16 HowTos for the desktop 56 16 1 Modificar la pantalla de inicio de KDM 56 16 2 Using KDE Plasma GNOME and LXDE together o o ooo 56 16 3 FLASH ess ps oe a a Ed ge a Rap we gra RR GE e BE A INRIA sous 56 16 4 Reproducir DVDS sa scos seme sipati EK 4e EEA a dua mate ln ea EE 56 16 5 Uso del repositorio multimedia 56 16 6 Handwriting fonts lt as se swe Sia ese oe dar a ee dar ee das 57 17 HowTos para clientes en red 57 17 1 Introducci n a clientes ligeros y estaciones de trabajo sin disco 57 17 1 1 LTSP client type selection 58 17 2 Configurar el men PXE k g oa p a e a E a E E e e a a E 58 17 2 1 Configurar la instalaci n de PXE 58 17 2 2 Agregar un repositorio personalizado para instalaciones PXE 58 17 2 3 Cambiar el men PXE en un servidor combinado servidor principal y LTSP 59 17 2 4 Separate main and LTSP server 59 17 3 C
145. sicamente un chroot de estaci n de trabajo as que es bastante f cil de actualizar Si quiere asegurase de que despu s de la actualizaci n todo va como antes deber a probarlo en un sistema de pruebas o en un sistema configurado igual que su servidor en producci n Ah puede probar la actualizaci n sin riesgo y ver si todo funciona como debiera Aseg rese de leer la informaci n sobre la versi n estable de Debian actual en el manual de instala ci n Tambi n ser a inteligente esperar un poco y seguir con la versi n anterior durante algunas semanas m s para que otros prueben la actualizaci n y documenten algunos problemas que experimenten La versi n estable anterior de Debian Edu continuar recibiendo soporte por alg n tiempo despu s de la publicaci n de la siguiente versi n estable pero cuando Debian cese el soporte a la versi n estable anterior Debian Edu har lo mismo 12 2 Actualizar desde Debian Edu Squeeze A Prep rese aseg rese de haber probado la actualizaci n desde Squeeze en un entorno de prueba o tener un respaldo listo para poder volver 12 2 1 La operaci n b sica para actualizar 1 Edite etc apt sources list y reemplace squeeze con wheezy en las l neas que lo en cuentre 2 Ejecute apt get update 3 Ejecute apt get upgrade 4 Ejecute apt get dist upgrade 12 2 2 El servicio LDAP necesita ser reconfigurado La configuraci n de LDAP ha cambiado ligeramente de Squeeze a Wheezy No ob
146. so del repositorio multimedia Para usar www deb multimedia org haga lo siguiente instale debian keyring apt get install debian keyring descargue la llave deb multimedia gpg keyserver pgpkeys pca dfn de recv keys 1F41B907 revise de manera segura si la llave es correcta y agreguela al keyring usado VOB PARE gpg keyring usr share keyrings debian keyring gpg check sigs 1F41B907 88 gpg export 1F41B907 apt key add agregue el repositorio a sources list revise el sitio web para buscar r plicas echo deb http deb multimedia org wheezy main gt gt etc apt sources list Actualice la lista de paquetes disponibles apt get update 56 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 16 6 Handwriting fonts 16 6 Handwriting fonts The package tt f linex which is installed by default installs the font Abecedario which is a nice handwriting font for kids The font has several forms to be used with kids dotted and with lines 17 HowTos para clientes en red 17 1 Introducci n a clientes ligeros y estaciones de trabajo sin disco Un t rmino gen rico para clientes ligeros y estaciones de trabajo sin disco es cliente LTSP LTSP es el acr nimo en Ingl s para Linux Terminal Server Project Cliente ligero A thin client setup enables an ordinary PC to function as an X terminal where all software runs on the LTSP server This means that this machine boots from a diskette or directly from the
147. stante LDAP se debe reconstruir desde cero Existe un script 1dap debian edu install en usr bin que podr a ser usado para lograr esto Lea cuidadosamente el comentario al inicio de ese script antes de hacer algo 47 14 GU AS PARA ADMINISTRACI N 12 3 Actualizar desde instalaciones antiguas 12 2 3 Recrear un chroot LTSP En los servidores LTSP el chroot LTSP deber a ser recreado El nuevo chroot todav a soportar clien tes ligeros y estaciones de trabajo sin disco Elimine opt ltsp i386 o opt 1tsp amd64 dependiendo de su configuraci n Si tiene sufi ciente espacio en disco considere respaldarlo Recree el chroot ejecutando debian edu 1t sp como usuario root Por supuesto puede actualizar el chroot a como es usual 12 3 Actualizar desde instalaciones antiguas de Debian Edu Skolelinux antes que Squeeze Antes de actualizar desde una versi n vieja primero necesitar actualizar a la versi n Debian Edu Squeeze antes de seguir las instrucciones de arriba Las instrucciones sobre como actualizar a Squeeze desde una versi n anterior Lenny est n en el manual de Debian Edu Squeeze y el manual de Lenny cubre la anterior a esa su nombre era Etch 13 Gu as Gu a para Administraci n general Gu a para Administraci n avanzada Gu a para el escritorio a Gu a para clientes en red Gu a para Samba Gu a para ense ar y aprender a HowTos for users 14 Gu as para administr
148. t network Changing to this subnet will require manual editing of configuration files to remove duplicate entries There is no easy way to change the DNS domain name Changing it would require changes to both the LDAP structure and several files in the main server file system There is also no easy way to change the host and DNS name of the main server tjener intern To do so would also require changes to LDAP and files in the main server and client file system In both cases the Kerberos setup would have to be changed too 59 17 HOWTOS PARA CLIENTES EN RED 17 4 LTSP en detalle 17 4 LTSP en detalle 17 41 Configuraci n del cliente LTSP en LDAP y en lts conf To configure specific thin clients with particular features you can add settings in LDAP or edit the file opt 1tsp i386 etc lts conf We recommend to configure clients in LDAP and not edit 1ts conf directly however configura tion webforms for LTSP are currently not available in GOsa you have to use a plain LDAP browse r explorer or 1dapvi as this makes it possible to add and or replace LTSP servers without loosing or having to redo configuration The default values in LDAP are defined in the cn 1tspConfigDefault ou 1tsp dc skole dc skolelinux dc no LDAP object using the 1t spConfig attribute One can also add host speci fic entries in LDAP Install the package 1tsp docs and run man lts conf to have a look at available configuration options see usr share d
149. tandalone as suggested in earlier releases e Thin Client Server o Unservidor para clientes ligeros y estaciones sin disco tambi n suele ser Ilamado servi dor LTSP Clientes sin disco duro inician y utilizan aplicaciones desde el servidor Estas computadoras necesitan al menos dos tarjetas de red mucha memoria e idealmente mas de un procesador o n cleo Vea el capitulo relacionado a clientes de red para mayor in formaci n en este tema Seleccionar este perfil tambi n habilita el perfil de estaci n de trabajo a n si no es seleccionado un servidor de clientes delgados siempre puede ser utilizado como estaci n de trabajo e Standalone o Una computadora com n que puede funcionar sin un servidor esto quiere decir que no necesita estar en la red Incluye laptops e Minimal o Este perfil instalar los paquetes b sicos y configurar la computadora para integrarse en la red Debian Edu pero sin ning n servicio ni aplicaciones Es til como plataforma para servicios simples manualmente migrados desde el servidor principal Los perfiles Main Server Workstation y Thin Client Server son preseleccionados Estos perfiles pueden ser instalados en una misma computadora si desea instalar el llamado servidor principal combinado Esto significa que el servidor principal ser un servidor de clientes ligeros y tambi n ser usado como una estaci n de trabajo Esta es la opci n prederterminada ya que asumimos que la mayor a de
150. te this document 78 27 Appendix A The GNU General Public License 76 27 1 Manual para Debian Edu 7 1 tedu0 nombre c digo Wheezy 76 27 2 LICENCIA PUBLICA GENERAL GNU 76 27 3 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 77 28 Ap ndice B Aun no hay CD DVDs vivo de Debian Edu Wheezy 79 28 1 Features of the Standalone image 79 28 2 Activando el soporte regional y traducciones 79 28 93 COSAS para Saber lt su a td EE ie BO Bee Ee 80 28 4 Problemas conocidos con la im gen 80 28 9 Descarga aie os ita a DS Be Ge oh oe a A Re e ee En 80 29 Ap ndice C Caracteristicas de publicaciones anteriores 80 29 1 Cambios en Debian Edu 6 0 7 r1 nombre c digo Squeeze publicado el 03 03 2013 80 29 2 New features in Debian Edu 6 0 4 r0 Codename Squeeze released 2012 03 11 81 2921 User visible changes auves 6 ark Lu ache wae eh EM RE ata ee eh Oe es Da 81 29 2 2 Installation changes 81 29 2 3 Actualizaciones de software 82 29 24 Infrastructural changes 82 29 2 5 Actualizaciones en documentaci n y traducciones 83 29 2 6 REST SSI NS gt daca aa der aa ad a ce 83 29 2 7 New administration tool GOsa
151. tml http isg ee ethz ch tools realmen det skel en html a http www css taylor edu nehresma samba html 17 6 4 Redirecting profile directories Sometimes just removing directories from the profile is not enough You may find that users lose files because they mistakenly save things into My Documents when this is not saved in the profiles You may also want to redirect the directories used by some badly programmed applications to normal network shares 17 6 4 1 Redirecting using machine policies All the instructions given above about machine poli cies apply here too You can use gpedit msc to edit the policy and copy it to all machines The redi rection should be available under User Configuration gt Windows Settings gt Folder Redirection Directories that it can be useful to redirect include Desktop and My Documents One thing to remember is that if you enable folder redirection those folders are automatically added to the synchronised folders list If you do not want this you should disable it via one of the following routes a User Configuration gt Administrative Templates gt Network gt Offline Files Computer Configuration gt Administrative Templates gt Network gt Offline Files 17 6 4 2 Redirecting using global policies FIXME explain how to use profiles from global policies for Windows machines in the skolelinux network 17 6 5 Avoiding roaming profiles 17 6 5 1
152. u ll have to restart the installation later Really use the automatic partitioning tool Screenshot Participate in the package usage survey The system may anonymously supply the distribution developers with statistics about the most used packages ha this system This information influences decisions such as which packages should go on the irst distribution CD If you choose to participate the automatic submission script will run once every week sending statistics to the distribution developers The collected statistics can be viewed on http popcon debian org This choice can be later modified by running dpkg reconfigure popularity contest Participate in the package usage survey No Screenshot 22 6 INSTALACI N Y OPCIONES DE DESCARGA 6 5 Captura de pantalla del paseo Set up users and passwords You need to set a password for root the system administrative account A malicious or unqualified user with root access can have disastrous results so you should take care to choose a root password that is not easy to guess It should not be a word found in dictionaries or a word that could be easily associated with you A good password will contain a mixture of letters numbers and punctuation and should be changed at regular intervals The root user should not have an empty password If you leave this empty the root account will be disabled and the system s initial user account
153. uardian to restrict Internet access 19 5 Smart Board integration Some schools use the products of Smarttech for their teaching You need a workstation with drivers and software for this Smarttech has published some working non free Software in a Debian Repository as a download A local copy of this repository needs to be put inside the school network so that the smartboard software could be installed on our machines So teachers and pupils can prepare for class on every computer 19 5 1 Providing the repository on tjener Download the repository as a tar gz file from http smarttech com us Support Browse Support Download Software Software SMART Notebook collaborative learning software Previous versions SMART Notebook 10_2 for Linux move the tar gz file to a repository directory on the school network s webroot by default located on tjener root t jener mkdir etc debian edu www debian mv smartnotebook10_2spldebianrepository tar gz etc debian edu www debian change into the new directory root tjener cd etc debian edu www debian extract the file root tjener tar xzvf smartnotebook10_2spldebianrepository tar gz 69 20 HOWTOS FOR USERS 19 6 HowTos de wiki debian org 19 5 2 Add the needed packages to the PXE installation image Add the following lines to etc debian edu www debian edu install dat local i apt setup locall repository string http www debian stable non free i apt setup
154. ue deshabilitar el corrector ortogr fico o el estudiante terminar el proceso de LibreOffice dando como resultado p rdida de la informaci n Habilitar al menos 512 Mb de memoria de paginaci n con una estaci n de trabajo con 320 Mb de memoria RAM podr a solventar esto y el corrector ortogr fico funcionar a correctamente Para laptops se necesitan los mismos requerimientos de las estaciones de trabajo ya las laptops son estaciones de trabajo m vil Hardware conocido que funciona Una lista de hardware probado esta en http wiki debian org DebianEdu Hardware Esta lista no est completa http wiki debian org InstallingDebianOn es un esfuerzo para documentar el proceso de instalaci n configuraci n y uso de Debian en hardware espec fico Por lo tanto los potenciales com pradores sabr n si su hardware es soportado y los propietarios podr n saber como obtener el m ximo de sus equipos Una excelente base de datos sobre hardware soportado por Debian esta disponible en http kmuto jp debian hc1 Requerimientos para una instalaci n de red Configuraci n por defecto Se aplican las siguientes reglas cuando se usa la arquitectura de red por defecto Necesita exactamente un servidor principal el tjener Puede tener hasta cientos de estaciones de trabajo en la red principal Puede tener muchos servidores LTSP en la red principal dos subredes diferentes son preconfigu radas en LDAP 6 INSTALACION Y
155. upport even though it frequently happens 8 22 1 2 in Norwegian https init linpro no mailman skolelinux no listinfo bruker support mai ling list a https init linpro no mailman skolelinux no listinfo linuxiskolen mailing list for the development member organisation in Norway FRISK a skolelinux en irc debian org canal IRC para soporte en Noruego 22 1 3 in German um http www skolelinux de mailman listinfo user support mailing list a http wiki skolelinux de wiki with lots of HowTos etc skolelinux de en irc debian org canal IRC para soporte en Alem n 22 1 4 in French a http lists debian org debian edu french support mailing list 22 1 5 in Spanish http www skolelinux es sitio web en espa ol 22 2 Soporte profesional Lists of companies providing professional support are available from http wiki debian org DebianEdu Help ProfessionalHelp 23 Nuevas caracteristicas en Debin Edu Wheezy 23 1 Nuevas caracter sticas en Debian Edu 7 1 edu0 nombre c digo Wheezy pu blicado el 09 28 2013 23 1 1 User visible changes Updated artwork and new Debian Edu Skolelinux logo visible during installation in the login screen and as desktop wallpaper 23 1 2 Installation changes Nueva versi n de debian installer de Debian Wheezy vea el manual de instalaci n para m s de talles The DVD image was dropped instead we added a USB flash drive Blue ray disc
156. ut of the box de una red escolar completamente configurada El proyecto Skolelinux fu fundado en Noruega el 2 de julio de 2001 y casi a la vez Rapha l Hertzog iniciaba el proyecto Debian Edu en Francia Desde el 2003 ambos proyectos trabajaron unidos aunque los nombres permanecieron separados Skole y Debian Educativo son dos t rminos bien conocidos en estas regiones En Noruega donde Skolelinux se inici el grupo principal de alcance son las escuelas con grupos de estudiantes desde los 6 a 16 a os Actualmente el sistema es utilizado en muchos pa ses alrededor del mundo con un n mero mayor en Noruega Espa a Alemania y Francia 3 Arquitectura Esta secci n del documento describe la arquitectura de red y los servicios proporcionados por una instalaci n Skolelinux 3 1 Red debianedu ea Skolelinux oo Mas clientes wf ligeros Commutador Clientes ligeros om 168 0 254 192 168 0 0 24 Network j i f a printer aie ey y Internet nm Impresora Impresora La d ci principal 1002 M s estaciones de m SS nss me trabajo y clientes Pasarela Conmutador Estaciones de trabajo estaciones de trabajo sin disco clientes ligeros Microsoft Windows y Mac OS en red 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 8 Impresora ES CE ES Servidor de clientes ligeros 6 gt gt E 5 192 168 0 254 Commutador Clientes ligeros 192 168 0 0 24 pe M s clientes ligeros E Impresor
157. ven keyboard layout use the keyb KB option where KB is the desired keyboard layout More information on this feature is available from the live CD build script documentation Here is a list of commonly used locale codes Lenguaje Regi n Valores local Distribuci n del teclado Noruego Bokm l nb_NO UTF 8 no Noruego Nynorsk nn_NO UTF 8 no Aleman de_DE UTF 8 de Franc s Francia fr_FR UTF 8 fr 79 29 AP NDICE C CARACTER STICAS DE 28 3 Cosas para saber Griego Grecia el_GR UTF 8 el Japon s ja JP UTF 8 jp Sami del Norte Noruega se_NO no smi La lista completa de los c digos locales esta disponible en usr share i18n SUPPORTED pe ro nicamente los locales con UTF 8 son soportados por la imagen live No todas las traducciones locales tienen instalaci n Las distribuciones de teclados pueden ser encontradas en usr share key maps i386 28 3 Cosas para saber The password for the user is user root has no passwd set 28 4 Problemas conocidos con la im gen 4 ANo hay imagenes de wheezy todavia 8 28 5 Descarga The image is 1 2 GiB and would be but currently isn t available via FTP HTTP or rsync from ftp skolelinux org under cd wheezy live 29 Ap ndice C Caracteristicas de publicaciones anteriores 29 1 Cambios en Debian Edu 6 0 7 r1 nombre c digo Squeeze publicado el 03 03 2013 Debian Edu 6 0 7 r1 Codename Squeeze is an i

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