Composition and abundance of zooplankton groups from a coral
Contents
1. 20703014 RBOZOIP H 21208015840 889 epodiydwy epodeseq epodo epodado Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 650 8615 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a TO YI 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 Amp 99 l 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a peso 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 oune UoYDIAap PADPUDIS SUP Apisuap A YJUOUL 810 aouDpunqy 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 L9 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 9 90 S1 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 780 00 0 00 0 00 0 Key 0801 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 8071 8071 00 0 00 0 00 0 9 oror 00 0 00 0 00 0 8770 870 00 0 00 0 870 00 0 870 00 0 00 0 00 0 16 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 ETO 70 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a 68 00 0 55 0 00 0 000 55 0 00 0 A 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 v DIN BTT LT9 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 070 000 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 070 970 00 0 970 070 000 00 0 00 0 00 02. Chaetognatha A 0 51 0 22 Chaetognatha B 0 38 0 43 Chaetognatha mean 0 52 0 48 Gastropoda A 0 12 0 10 Gastropoda B 0 12 0 20 Gastropoda mean 0 13 0 16 Mysidacea A 0 08 0 21 Mysidacea B 0 15 0 25 Mysidacea mean 0 16 0 05 Fish larvae A 0 11 0 09 Fish larvae B 0 46 0 41 Fish larvae mean 0 18 0 16 Mean Temp Sal A Sal B Mean Sal 0 63 0 12 0 34 0 26 0 69 0 03 0 13 0 11 0 75 0 10 0 30 0 23 0 58 0 52 0 07 0 22 0 60 0 18 0 04 0 02 0 68 0 33 0 01 0 09 0 46 0 26 0 38 0 26 0 38 0 30 0 05 0 14 0 40 0 31 0 03 0 12 0 50 0 07 0 37 0 30 0 40 0 24 0 07 0 01 0 50 0 24 0 16 0 07 0 48 0 32 0 34 0 20 0 50 0 12 0 03 0 01 0 57 0 17 0 08 0 02 0 33 0 41 0 02 0 14 0 74 0 35 0 23 0 10 0 68 0 41 0 18 0 03 0 38 0 36 0 08 0 18 0 41 0 28 0 02 0 10 0 51 0 38 0 04 0 15 0 11 0 63 0 31 0 46 0 16 0 51 0 30 0 42 0 14 0 61 0 32 0 47 0 05 0 21 0 06 0 01 0 20 0 02 0 42 0 37 0 11 0 15 0 34 0 26 0 10 0 20 0 09 0 14 0 44 0 11 0 05 0 08 0 17 0 22 0 10 0 15 0 5 indicates a positive relationship in bold 0 5 indicates negative relationship of micronutrients from the land resuspension of sediments originated by strong winds pro moting phytoplankton production and eventu ally a high abundance in zooplankton Results presented in this study have dis similarities with the work of Alvarez Cadena et al 2007 as these authors covered a larg er area and included the Sistema Lagunar Nichupte S
3. Coral reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo Mexico Acartia espinata Esterly was the most abundant copepod at both sampling sites Highest catches of this group occurred at sta tion A in June 2 033 8 and September 1 469 7 orgs m3 and also in September at station 1 425 1orgs m Cirripeds although collected only on 15 samples out of 24 were second in abundance 20 9 with higher numbers at station B in August and September 3 718 1 and 444 9 orgs m respectively Decapods representing 19 2 of the total were third in abundance and collected in all samples with highest catches at station A in August 342 8 and September 213 3 orgs m and at station in August September and October 390 1 orgs m 292 6 orgs m and 566 3 orgs m respectively Amphipods 2 4 and appendicularians 2 0 were fourth and fifth in abundance both being more abundant at station in August with 140 2 orgs m and 97 5 orgs m respectively The rest of the groups made up less than 10 Table 1 Both sampling places registered a similar number of taxa at station A 35 groups were obtained Cephalopoda and Nudibranchia were absent and 34 at station B Sergestidae 654 Turbellaria and Hemichordata were lacking these groups were the less abundant and fre quently captured DISCUSSION Stability of the marine conditions at the coral reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos is possi bly due to the combin
4. T80 78 0 780 78 0 COT 0681 8901 977 7919 00 6595 lev 979 00 0 00 0 960 00 0 00 0 00 0 960 8071 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 697 67S 00 0 00 0 S8 p 870 791 ICE STT 955 91 6 col 69 C Ore STT vil 750 00 0 56 5 Lv el 117705 70 961 ECE vse TS STI 8 6 9 judy 00 0 00 0 690 000 6 I 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 60 ETO ETO 00 0 000 970 00 0 00 0 ETO 00 0 00 0 60 Eco ECO s8 01 078 970 0 70 OVE 562 ETO LUI 970 TOT 05 0 970 ETO 8L LI LTI 758 6597 v0 69 c0 ETO 88 9L 1709 9 00 0 ISO 851 Tec 611 00 0 970 07 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 650 LLO 07 0 LST 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 611 16 S 6 8671 09 07 0 LLO 07 0 970 8 C 07 0 00 0 LST 00 0 LET 8T I 0 sI 8v 6 00 0 00 0 CSS ssSOl JenJqoH DUBJUME UDOSD 92 1402 50 240 OJLINF ul dnog uojyupjdooz yova fo I ATaVL 00 0 00 0 0 1 00 0 s6 I 810 00 0 00 0 TEO s90 9071 00 0 00 0 TEO 00 0 s90 8 00 0 00 0 09 C 68 0 00 0 00 0 COC 9 718 9071 s90 00 0 00 0 00 0 40 01 OS S veo 00 0 8 0 s90 916 06 6S TI 9691 78 6L 00 0 00 0 79 671 LS TE eozoydAog PI9J00pel ByoeyoA Og eIyOURIg oure gogun epodos vooeisneydng 2070 1 0 epodolayg BpooRsoO vioydouoydisg
5. 0 TSI 00 0 00 0 67 81 00 0 00 0 00 0 6781 SOE 00 0 cS O19 00 0 6UZI 1901 6 1901 00 0 00 0 87 05 L901 185 6 06 ITI COL TSL vu Lp 61 0pI 01065 98 THE 018115 6 7179 66951 a qsnsny 070 BIDIOPL D eJor yo AO d 7 govno epodos vooerisneydng BOZO Jg epodojeuuo s ovale YSTA 20703014 RBOZOIP H epodo1sen 24320801584 889 LIWAT epodiydwy epodeseq epodo epodadodg Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 652 00 6170 0 0 7 0 00 55 0 00 890 0 0 8 0 00 S01 00 0 1 0011 00 8071 000 8071 00 29 00 FTE 00 F pre UTA 70 0 s0 0 0 0 ITO TTO 0 970 050 050 vL0 080 70 ads 10 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 80 0 60 0 ITO ero sro ETO 70 PADPUDIS Apisuap u 840 ATAVL 0807 16 6 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 Sol 00 0 so I 00 0 00 0 00 0 6071 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 FTE 00 0 PTE 0 a Joquiss0q 07 18 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0
6. 00 0 00 0 LEG 0r 0 00 0 a AJen1q9H DUDJUM 8 2402 ul dnoss 4002 yova fo ATAVL 70 6 EOY 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 TEO 000 000 000 000 000 00 0 00 0 00 0 810 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a ULIN epodojeyda 5 gozoyuy epluosouskg vooeleyL 7 udney eyeULIopourYyoy eplynoundisg 651 Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 00 F979 00 F STL 00 2 76 070 841 00 6171 00 F 6171 00 F LE Sp 0 0 E7 9 00 F 67 81 0 0 F 89 77 0 0 6781 00 07 91 00 80 71 0 0 6 97 00 S SE 00 190 1 00 F 161 E0 18611 00 F 00 6 61 0p1 OSI F 75 996 0 0 608148 STE F 81 5605 UNA TSI SS I voz 087 09 C SOT v6 TEL BT S 089 sor 56 00 5 9 09 6 9L ve SSI EGET 9 PIEST 00 8 Lv 9 l 917881 TUSIS ds 970 79 0 0 1 81 8871 LUZ 8 97 COT 69 C 66 SSY z0 9 18 8L 6 07 91 08 LI 08 61 SE LSI 0 6 17 WeI 00 0 00 0 000 000 TL6 071 07 91 v8 LI 00 0 Svs
7. 00 0 LESY STE 9671 00 0 00 0 89 CC 00 0 00 0 8071 0291 879 8071 00 0 00 0 Vo 00 0 00 0 00 0 SOE L6 Ip 66 6 879 oTr 07 91 91 67 YEL 19 87 SL 8S 00 0 00 0 s6 861 a J9qUIIII 00 0 00 0 78 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 8971 8971 00 0 78 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 t80 78 0 00 0 8971 78 0 EST S69C 8971 9T ST 00 0 00 0 00 0 cys 60 ss 0 892 78 0 EST 68 S IUTE 891 ce TI 00 0 v30 pL vil cry ITI JOQUIIAON 00 0 00 0 STL 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 ICI 00 0 1 cel 00 0 00 0 5095 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 STL 00 9 v0 9 00 0 801 00 0 cel 9EST L9 8 OL SI L9OLI STEI 00 01 90 S Or TI 6v zb1 190 6r tI 00 0 8T l 00 CI 75 995 18 v0 9 190 TELOp 55568 129020 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 6UZI 00 0 6UZI vI 6 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 67 81 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 O19 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 67 81 SO e 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 6UZI BETT 6781 ces 6781 soe 9875 00 0 159 bv L7 LSZ6T Sorry soe biscrl 1176991 a Joquajdos OJ1X DUBJUME UDOSD faa 1402 OJLINF ul dnog uojyupjdooz yova fo UOYDIADP PADPUDIS 1 JYJUOUL 810 aoubpunqy ATEVL 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 cs 00 0 SO e 00
8. reef barrier B Captures were made for 10 min following a circular path with a coni cal plankton net of 0 40 m diameter and 1 20 m length mesh 330 um carrying a flowme ter for estimating animals density orgs m Salinity was measured with a Beckman sali nometer and temperature with an immersion thermometer Samples were fixed with buff ered formaldehyde and seawater was added to obtain a 4 solution Smith and Richardson 1979 The biological material was analyzed with the help of a stereomicroscope Samples were not analyzed whole instead sub sam ples were made using a Folsom splitter and in every one of them at least 800 animals were counted and identified making sure that the aliquot was representative of the whole sample Omori and Ikeda 1994 Groups identification was made following Tregouboff and Rose 1957 and Bolstovskoy 1999 while Campos Hernandez and Suarez Morales 1994 were consulted for the copepod species reported One way ANOVA and Bray Curtis statistical analyses were carried out with ANACOM de la Cruz 1994 RESULTS Temperature and salinity were not sig nificantly different between the two stations p gt 0 05 thus they were grouped together and mean values are provided Fig 1 Temperature varied from 30 2 C July to 26 3 C in January annual mean for both sites was 28 1 Salinity was homogeneous highest values were recorded in July 36 3 psu and lowest in December 35 1 psu ann
9. 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a JOQUIIAON EL be 7981 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 ICI 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 TE 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a 199020 68 9 69 Lp 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 199193495 UDOSD 2402 dnog 4002 yova fo 85 1 610 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 a ysnsny Ayisuop ULIN epodo eyda 8 gozoyuy epluosoushg eooelyeyL PUNT 653 Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 3 00 010910 2 50 010910 2 00 Mean 10910 A y B 1 50 1 00 Mean Density log10 1 0 50 0 00 Fish larvae Mysidacea Gastropoda A o lt gt lt U Zooplankton Groups Larvacea Fish eggs Cirripedia Amphipoda Fig 4 Abundance of the ten most abundant groups of zooplankton during 1990
10. Alvarez Cadena J N E Su rez Morales amp Gasca 1998 Copepod assemblages from a reef related envi ronment in the Mexican Caribbean Sea Crustaceana 71 411 433 Bolstovskoy D 1999 South Atlantic Zooplankton Backhuy Leiden Campos Hern ndez A amp Su rez Morales 1994 Cop podos Pel gicos del Golfo de M xico Mar Caribe 1 Biolog a y Sistem tica Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo M xico Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 657 Castellanos amp Su rez Morales 1997 Observaciones sobre el zooplancton de la zona arrecifal de Mahaual Quintana Roo Mar Caribe Mexicano An Inst Biol Univ Nal Auton M xico Serie Zoologia 68 237 252 De la Cruz 1994 ANACOM Sistema para el an lisis de comunidades version 3 0 Manual del usuario CINVESTAV IPN M rida M xico Durbin E G A G Durbin T J Smayda amp P G Verity 1983 Food limitation of production of adult Acartia tonsa in Narragansett Bay Rhode Island Limnol Oceanogr 28 1199 1213 Feigenbaum D amp Maris 1984 Feeding in the Chaetognatha Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 22 343 392 Fenaux R 1985 Rhythm of secretion of oikopleurid s houses Bull Mar Sci 37 498 503 Garc a E 1988 Modificaciones al sistema de K ppen para adaptarlo a las condiciones de la Republica Mexicana Instituto de Geograf a Universidad Nacional Aut noma
11. Composition and abundance of zooplankton groups from a coral reef lagoon in Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo Mexico during an annual cycle Jos lvarez Cadena Uriel Ord ez L pez Alma Rosa Almaral Mendivil amp Amira Uicab Sabido 1 Universidad Nacional Aut noma de M xico Instituto de ciencias del mar y limnolog a Unidad acad mica Puerto Morelos Apdo Postal 1152 Canc n Quintana Roo 77501 M xico inac mar icmyl unam mx Instituto polit cnico nacional Centro de investigaci n y estudios avanzados Unidad M rida Km 6 antigua carretera a Progreso P 73 CORDEMEX 97310 uriel mda cinvestav mx Received 11 X 2007 Corrected 25 IX 2008 Accepted 23 X 2008 Abstract Zooplankton sampling was carried out monthly from January to December 1990 at station A near the coastline and station B near the reef barrier in a tropical coral reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean Sea Samplings were made at midnight near surface with a conical net mouth 0 40 m mesh 330 um for 10 min Salinity varied from 35 1 to 36 3 psu and temperature from 26 3 to 30 2 C The Bray Curtis test applied to these results has defined two seasons the dry season from November to May and the wet season from June to October A total of 37 zooplankton groups were found Copepods were the most abundant contributing 49 0 of the total capture with Acartia espinata Calanopia americana and Farranula gracilis as the most numerous In t
12. LN with particular environmental conditions this body water has been reported as nearly choked with a long residence time of its waters and with some characteris tics of eutrophication Thus 4 tonsa Dana copepoda and Ferosagitta hispida Conant Chaetognatha were most abundant there it was found 41 zooplankton groups and reported because of the records in the SLN lower salini ties and temperatures Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 655 Copepods were the most abundant group as is usually the case in most zooplankton samples whether in Mexico or for other parts of the world Alvarez Cadena et al 1998 reported that highest densities of these holo planktonic animals occurred in September In other closed or semi enclosed lagoon systems whether on the Pacific or Atlantic coasts of Mexico extreme dominance of A tonsa is common Lee and McAlice 1979 Durbin et al 1983 Alvarez Cadena and Cort s Altamirano 1990 This high dominance of tonsa was also observed at the Nichupt Lagoon system located in the surroundings of the Hotel zone of Cancun by Alvarez Cadena et al 1996 and Alvarez Cadena and Segura Puertas 1997 in both studies dominance was higher than 80 In the present study however for the reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos A spinata was found as dominant particularly in September rains Other important species were Calanopia american
13. Maya is having substantial increments in human population settlements Our monitoring on the zooplankton community since 1990 will provide valuable information regarding the previous environmental conditions as changes are taking place Thus the present study will be Important as an antecedent for planktonic fauna of the reef lagoon This study is the first work in its kind where monthly changes in the composition and abundance of the zooplankton groups during an annual cycle 1990 are reported Results are related with temperature and salinity varia tions along the year in the coral reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos in the Quintana Roo State of Mexico MATERIALS AND METHODS The Puerto Morelos coral reef lagoon is located ca 35 km south of Cancun City on the Yucatan Peninsula at 20 51 and 85 55 W The area has a narrow continental shelf with dominant northward marine currents that eventually pass through the Yucatan Channel Dominant east southeast trade winds blow most of the year except in win ter with northern winds Nortes Merino and Otero 1990 The climate according to Garcia 1988 is sub humid with heavier rains in summer and an annual mean tem perature higher than 22 C Sampling was carried out monthly in con ditions of darkness midnight from January to December 1990 at two stations within the reef lagoon One of the stations was located near the coastline A and the other close to the coral
14. a Dahl Farranula gracilis Dana and Clausocalanus furcatus Brady Alvarez Cadena et al 1998 also reported these species as recurrently abundant for the copepod fauna in the lagoon and also contributing importantly for other two stations in the adjacent sea beyond the coral reef barrier Although not collected in all samples cirripeds were the second most abundant group Barnacles were initially found in May reached its maximum in August September and declined in the following months lvarez Cadena et al 1996 in a preliminary study at the Nichupt Lagoon System some 35 km north of Puerto Morelos recorded barnacles only during the rainy season with higher temperatures and none during the dry sea son Castellanos and Su rez Morales 1997 working in the Mahaual area some 300 km to the south did not record cirripeds sampling being carried out in December January Thus it seems plausible that these animals reproduce when temperatures start to increase peaking during the summer Decapods collected at all times were third in abundance with increasing numbers in July and reaching a maximum in November According to Monrroy Velazquez pers comm adult crabs of Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille and Gecarcinus lateralis Freminville are inhabitants of the swamps and mangrove areas of Puerto Morelos reproduce around the rainy season and are commonly seen migrat ing to the sea for spawning Castellanos and Suarez Mor
15. ales 1997 from the Mahaual reef and Gasca and Castellanos 1993 for the Chetumal Bay both reported decapod larvae as dominant Monrroy Velazquez 2000 reported that Caridea Anomura and Brachiura are the most important decapods in the submerged vegetation in the reef lagoon with major cap tures during summer rainy season when higher temperatures prevail and lowest in winter Amphipods and larvaceans collected at all times were fourth and fifth in abundance respectively In the case of the amphipods Suarez Morales and Gasca 1990 and Morales and Murillo 1996 reported frequent captures of benthic amphipods The high frequency in the capture of this taxon in our work is prob ably related with the shallowness of the Puerto Morelos lagoon and it is plausible to expect the frequent integration of the epibenthos into the water column particularly at those times when disturbance of sediment is possible as usually occurs during rains or strong winds In our samples it was possible to observe that the most abundant and frequent amphipods were Gammaridae reported as dwelling in shallow coastal areas and related in the process of making detritus Typically oceanic amphipods were extremely rare or absent in most of the samples Appendicularians are one of the most abundant and frequent zooplankters in coastal tropical environments Alldredge 1972 1976 Sato et al 2001 They are reported as important food link and as commo
16. de M xico M xico D F M xico Gasca R amp Castellanos 1993 Zooplancton de la Bah a de Chetumal Mar Caribe de M xico Rev Biol Trop 41 619 625 Lee W B J McAlice 1979 Seasonal succession and breeding cycles of three species of Acartia Copepoda Calanoida in a marine estuary Estuaries 2 228 236 Merino amp L Otero 1990 Atlas ambiental costero de Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo CONACyT UNAM Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo M xico Mochiocha amp Iwamizu 1996 Diet of anguilloid larvae leptocephali feed selectively on larvacean houses and fecal pellets Mar Biol 125 447 452 Monrroy Velazquez V 2000 Variaciones en la com posici n y abundancia en la fauna de dec podos aso ciados a pastizales marinos en el Caribe Mexicano Tesis de Maestr a Inst Cienc Mar Limnol M xico Morales amp Murillo 1996 Distribution abun dance and composition of coral reef zooplankton Cahuita National Park Lim n Costa Rica Rev Biol Trop 44 619 630 Nibakken W J 1993 Marine Biology An Ecological Approach 3rd Ed Harper Collins College New York USA Ohtsuka S amp Kubo 1991 Larvaceans and their houses as important food for some pelagic copepods Bull Plankton Soc Japan Spec Vol 535 551 Ramirez Avila 2001 Ictioplancton arrecifal frente a Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo durante la poca de lluvias Patr n a fina escala de la e
17. ed effect of 1 a narrow continental shelf substantially allowing the intrusion of oceanic water and 2 the fact that continental runoff is limited in spite of fresh water discharges through underground water wells Thus salinity and temperature varied little throughout the year as previously reported by other authors Merino and Otero 1990 Alvarez Cadena et al 1998 As a generality the abundance of the groups captured correlated with the climatic seasons Thus higher abundance was recorded from June through October peaking in August September rainy season and fewer animals were caught from November to May dry sea son The high abundance of zooplankton dur ing the wet season is possibly due to the runoff Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 TABLE 2 Pearson relationship of temperature Temp C and salinity Sal psu with the ten most abundant groups of zooplankton at Puerto Morelos coral reef lagoon Quintana Roo Mexico 1990 Temp A Temp B Copepoda A 0 57 0 68 Copepoda B 0 70 0 66 Copepoda mean 0 71 0 77 Decapoda A 0 56 0 57 Decapoda B 0 61 0 57 Decapoda mean 0 68 0 65 Cirripedia 0 39 0 53 Cirripedia 0 35 0 41 Cirripedia mean 0 37 0 43 Amphipoda A 0 51 0 47 Amphipoda B 0 36 0 44 Amphipoda mean 0 46 0 53 Fish eggs A 0 43 0 53 Fish eggs B 0 47 0 53 Fish eggs mean 0 53 0 61 Larvacea A 0 35 0 28 Larvacea B 0 68 0 78 Larvacea mean 0 65 0 70
18. fects of phytoplankton concentration temperature and body size on the development and molting rates of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus sp Biol 56 135 146 Wolansky E amp L Pickard 1983 Upwelling by internal tides and Kelvin waves at the continental shelf break on the Great Barrier Reef Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 34 65 80 658 Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009
19. from the reefs them selves also contribute importantly Vidal 1980 Fenaux 1985 Other events are also respon sible for the high organic matter content in reef lagoon areas thus tides currents winds pro mote increments not only the input of nutrients but also in the horizontal and vertical trans port of planktonic organisms Thompson and Golding 1981 Wolansky and Pickard 1983 Studies on the zooplankton communities in the Mexican Caribbean Sea are scarce and discontinuous implying a lack of sufficient information of this important community In the reef barrier lagoon of Puerto Morelos Su rez Morales and Gasca 1990 studied the Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 647 dial variation of zooplankton associated with T testudinum Similarly lvarez Cadena et al 1998 produced information on the cope pod fauna Ramirez Avila and Alvarez Cadena 1999 on the monthly variation of chaetog naths and Ramirez Avila 2001 and Alvarez Cadena et al 2007 on ichthyoplankton The Puerto Morelos reef lagoon waters due to an extremely narrow continental shelf allows the presence of open marine waters in the area resulting in very homogeneous salin ity and temperature The lagoon is presently a National Park where fishing activities and tourist facilities are restricted and supervised by Government and tourism authorities On the other hand this area known as The Riviera
20. he total zooplankton however cirripeds captured in only 15 samples of 24 were second in abundance 20 9 Decapods present all year round and more abundant during the wet season were third and contributed 19 2 The rest of the groups were scarce and only amphipods 2 4 and larvaceans 2 0 were relatively abundant The abundance of captured organisms correlated with the abiotic factors measured thus in the dry season abundance was lower mean 7 3 orgs m while in the wet season the mean catch was 36 8 orgs m Rev Biol Trop 57 3 647 658 Epub 2009 September 30 Key words copepods zooplankton coral reef lagoon Puerto Morelos Mexican Caribbean Sea Caribbean waters are generally regard ed as oligotrophic but reefs and associated lagoon systems in these areas are also well known for their remarkable high productiv ity Nybakken 1993 Sorokin 1995 This high productivity has its origin in part from the large beds of submerged vegetation such as the sea grass Thalassia testudinum Banks ex K nig Syringodium sp Halodule sp mac roalgae phytoplankton and surrounding man groves Vegetation is not however the only contributor to the high content of organic mat ter in reef lagoon systems A great variety of products from animal origin such as discarded exoskeletons from crustaceans houses of appendicularians and excretions in the form of fecal pellets metabolic by products from fish or gelatinous material
21. n coincide en general con las pocas del a o teniendo mayor abundancia durante la temporada de lluvias 36 8 org m3 en promedio y menores capturas durante las secas con 7 3 org m gt en promedio Palabras clave cop podos zooplancton laguna arrecifal Puerto Morelos Caribe de M xico REFERENCES Alldredge A 1972 Abandoned larvacean house A unique food source in the pelagic environment Science 177 885 887 Alldredge A 1976 Discarded appendicularian houses as sources of food surface habits and particulate mat ter in planktonic environments Limnol Oceanogr 21 14 23 Alvarez Cadena JN amp Cort s Altamirano 1990 Algunos factores f sicos y Biol gicos que afectan las poblaciones naturales de Acartia tonsa y A Lilljeborgii COPEPODA ACARTIIDAE en el este ro de Ur as Sinaloa M xico Invest Mar CICIMAR 5 147 153 lvarez Cadena J N Islas Landeros amp E Su rez Morales 1996 A preliminary zooplankton survey in a Mexican eutrophicated coastal lagoon Bull Mar Sci 58 694 708 lvarez Cadena J N U Ord ez L pez A R Almaral Mendivil Ornelas Roa amp A Uicab Sabido 2007 Larvas de peces del litoral arrecifal del norte de Quintana Roo Mar Caribe de M xico Hidrobiol gica 16 107 120 lvarez Cadena JN amp 1 Segura Puertas 1997 Zooplankton variability and copepod species assem blages from a tropical coastal lagoon Gulf Res Rep 9 345 355
22. n prey for chaetognaths and fish larvae Feigenbaum and Maris 1984 Furthermore it is also known that their houses are used as a food source or as a surface habitat by other microorganisms Ohtsuka and Kubo 1991 Steinberg 1995 Mochiocha and Iwamizu 1996 These uro chordates have short generation times and the 656 Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 importance of these animals contributors to the high productivity in reef areas has been recognized Sato et al 2001 reported a gen eration time for houses of Oikopleura dioica between 6 at 15 C and 3 days at 25 C In this study Larvaceans abundance was probably underestimated as they possibly went through the net mesh because of their small size Although collected in lower numbers and less frequently other taxa followed the same general pattern of abundance i e higher abun dance in summer and lower in winter Reports of the dominant chaetognath species in the area Ferosagitta hispida and Flaccisagitta enflata Grassi Ramirez Avila and Alvarez Cadena 1999 and fish larvae Ord ez Lopez pers comm showed they were also more abundant during the rainy period It is important to mention that this study carried out in 1990 is the first work made monthly during an annual cycle for the area More recent studies by Alvarez Cadena et al 2007 samples collected during 2004 reported changes fo
23. r the zooplankton in the area and it seems that at the present highest abundance has been found for winter January February instead than for summer as reported in this contribution RESUMEN Se efectuaron muestreos mensuales de zooplancton en el Caribe de M xico de enero a diciembre de 1990 en dos estaciones en la laguna arrecifal de Puerto Morelos en el estado de Quintana Roo una situada cerca de la linea de costa A y la otra proxima a la barrera de coral B Los arrastres se realizaron en condiciones de oscuridad a medianoche cerca de la superficie durante 10 min con una red de boca de 0 40 m malla de 330 micras salinidad vari de 35 1 36 3 ups y la temperatura de 26 3 a 30 2 La prueba de Bray Curtis defini dos pocas en el a o la de secas de noviembre a mayo y la de lluvias de junio a octubre Se capturaron un total de 37 grupos de zooplancton Los cop podos capturados en todas las mues tras contribuyeron con 49 del total en donde las especies Acartia espinata Calanopia americana y Farranula gra cilis fueron las m s abundantes Los cirripedios a n cap turados nicamente en 15 ocasiones de 24 contribuyeron con 20 9 y fueron mayormente abundantes en la estaci n cerca de la barrera de arrecife Los dec podos presentes en todos los muestreos contribuyeron con 19 2 Otros grupos menos importantes fueron anf podos 2 4 y larv ceos 2 0 La abundancia general del zooplancto
24. seasons in 1990 at Puerto Morelos coral reef lagoon Quintana Roo Mexico 150 140 4 130 4 120 4 110 4 100 4 Mean Density No org m OB E Mean Density Fig 3 Seasonal abundance of the zooplankton groups in 1990 at the coral reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo Mexico Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 649 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 s0 SOE 00 0 00 0 00 0 806 00 0 00 0 SOE 0 9 00 0 00 0 SOE 61 8 6 6781 668 00 0 LS 9L9 00 0 00 0 s0 00 0 SOE 00 0 00 0 cs T EC IZ s0 s0 L901 00 0 LEET 98 85 0 9 ee IZ TEET S0 91 Limp 000 00 0 00 0 v80 78 0 78 0 891 00 0 00 0 00 0 78 0 00 0 v80 976 891 80 000 EST So 0l vL 0L v8 91 ce or 891 9186 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 LET 00 0 00 0 00 0 000 00 0 00 0 00 0 LET 00 0 OS SE 00 0 00 0 STT SETG 00 0 OL Ec Le 0 l 6 691 8275505 un UOYDIADP PADPUDIS SUP 810 a2uvpunqy 00 0 00 0 00 0 10 C L9 0 00 0 190 190 190 90 8 190 00 0 190 10 OLY 9 EOI 50 ev a Key 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 159 00 0 00 0 8 0 00 0
25. structura de la comunidad ensamblajes y su relaci n con el medio Tesis de Maestr a Centro de Investigaci n y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit cnico Nacional Unidad M rida M rida M xico Ram rez vila Y amp JN lvarez Cadena 1999 Chaetognath species composition from a coral reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean Sea Rev Biol Trop 47 157 163 Sato R Y Tanaka amp T Ishimaru 2001 House produc tion by Oikopleura dioica Tunicata Appendicularia under laboratory conditions J Plankton Res 23 415 423 Smith amp S L Richardson 1979 T cnicas modelo para prospecciones de huevos y larvas de peces pel gicos FAO Documento T cnico de Pesca 175 Sorokin Y I 1995 Coral Reef Ecology Springer Germany Steinberg D K 1995 Diet of copepods Scopalatum vorax associated with mesopelagic detritus giant larvacean houses in Monterey Bay California Mar Biol 122 1606 1620 Su rez Morales E amp Gasca 1990 Variaci n dial del zooplancton asociado a praderas de Thalassia testudi num en una laguna arrecifal del Caribe Mexicano Univ Cienc 7 57 64 Thompson amp T J Golding 1981 Tidally induced upwelling by a Great Barrier Reef J Geoph Res 86C 6517 6521 Tregouboff G amp M Rose 1957 Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France Vidal J 1980 Physioecology of zooplankton II Ef
26. ual mean for both stations was 36 psu The Bray Curtis test applied to these results showed two seasons the dry period from November to May and the rainy season from June to October Fig 2 According to the total catch of organisms the zooplankton community can be separated 648 Rev Biol Trop Int J Trop Biol ISSN 0034 7744 Vol 57 3 647 658 September 2009 30 0 36 6 29 5 4 36 4 29 0 4 36 2 O 285 360 g saat 358 S 35 6 1 275 So 27 0 352 5 5 26 5 en o 35 0 26 0 7 Sal 34 8 25 5 4 Temp Sal j 34 4 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fig 1 Mean temperature C and salinity PSU at Puerto Morelos coral reef lagoon Quintana Roo Mexico 1990 0 024 0 02 0 016 0 012 into two seasons One from November to April characterized by low captures with a mean density of 7 3 orgs m and the other from May to October mean density 36 8 orgs m Fig 3 A total of 37 zooplankton groups were recorded Table 1 with copepods collected at all times and contributing 49 0 of the total The ten most abundant groups can be seen in Fig 4 and the Pearson relationship of them with temperature and salinity at stations A and B and mean in Table 2 Several organisms had a relationship with temperature in bold but not with salinity Rainy Season Dry Season 0 008 0 004 0 Fig 2 Dendrogram of the Clime showing the dry and wet
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