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1. 33 meetings the identity of their contact tn an operational cell they will only reveal the nature of the activity in which the cell is involved e g political party work medical association work etc There ts no hierarchy in cells outside of an element of coordination who is the leader who will have direct but covert contact with our guerrilla comandant in the zone 8 operatfonal area The prevtous diagram does not Micate which 8Berational cell is the iait but it indicates that for every three operational cells we need a coordination cell 5 Fusion tn a Cover Organization The fuston of organizations recognized by the Sandinista government such as associations and other groups through internal subjective control occurs tn the final stages of the operation ina tight connection with mass meetings When the guerrilla armed action has expanded suffictently armed propagande missions will be carrfed out on a large scale propaganda teams will have clearly developed open support of the institutions the enemy system of target groups will be well infiltrated and the pre conditfoning of these groups at the point at which mass meetings are held then the internal cadres should begin discussions for the fusion of forces tnto an organization this organization will be a cover source of cur movement Any other target group will be aware that other groups are developing greater hostility to the government th
2. The political cadres should always be prepared to discuss solutions to the problems observed by the guerrfllas During the discussions the guerrillas should be guided by the following three principles Freedom of thought Freedom of expression Concentration of thoughts on the objectives of the democratic struggle The result desired is a guerrilla who in a persuasive manner can justify all of his acts whenever he is tn contact with any member of the town people and especially with himself and with his guerrilla companions by bearing the vicissitudes fn guerrilla warfare This means that every guerrilla will come to have effective face to face persuasion as a combatant propagandist in his contact with the people to the point of giving 5 10 logical reasons why e g a peasant should give him a piece of cloth or a needle and thread to mend his clothes When a guerrilla behaves in this manner no type of propaganda of the enemy will be able to make a terrorist of him in the eyes of the people feas l In addition hunger cold fatigue and insecurity in the existence of the guerrilla acquire meaning in the cause of the struggle due to the constant psychological orientation amp Camp Procedures Encamping the guerrilla units gives greater motivation in addition to reducing distractions and increases the spirit of cooperation of small units relating the physical environment to the psychological one The squ
3. on talking of a heroic or brave act the voice should be animated etc Above all Be Natural Imitations of others should be avoided since the people especially simple people easily distinguish a fake Les individual personality should be projected when addressing the popu ation 3 Eyes and Ears Within the Population The amount of information for intelligence that will be generated by the deployment of the Armed Propaganda Teamsiwill allow us to cover a large area with our commandos that wili become the eyes and ears of our movement within the population The combined reports of an Armed Propaganda Team will provide us with exact details on the enemy activities The intelligence information obtained by the Armed Propaganda Teams should be reported to the chiefs However it is necessary to emphasize that the first mission of the Armed Propaganda Teams fs to carry out psychological operations not to obtain data for intelligence Any intelligence report will be made through the outside contact of the Armed Propaganda Team tn order not to compromise the population The Armed Propaganda cadres are able to do what others in a guerrilla campaign cannot do determine personally the development or deterforation of the popular support and the sympathy or hostility that the people feel toward our movement The Armed Propaganda Team program in addition to being very effective Mine increases the guerrilla capacity in
4. Make the promise to the people that you vill return to ensure that the leeches of the Sandinista regime of repression will not be able to hinder our guerrillas from integrating in the population A statement repeated ta the populetion to the effect that they can eves everything avout this visit of our commandos because we are not afraid of anything or anyone neither th Soviets nor the Cubans Emphasfze that we are Nicaraguans that we are fighting for the freedom of Nicaragua and to establish a very dicaraguan government 4 Guerrilla Weapons are the Strengtipt the People Over an Illegal Governmen The armed propaganda in populated areas does not give the impression thet weapons are the power of the guerrillas over the people but rather that the weapons are the strength of the people against a regime of re pression Whenever ft fs necessary to use armed force in an occupation or o to a town or village guerrillas should emphasize meking sure that they Explain to the population that in the first place this is being done to protect them the people and not themselves Admit frankly and publicly that this is an act of the democratic guerrflla sith appropriate explanations movement Thot this action although it is not desirabla is necessary because the fins objective of the insurrection is a free and democratic society where acts of force are not necessary boo 16 The force of weapons 15 a necessity
5. S Conseil de s curit Distr GENERALE 5 16785 17 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL 1 ARABE LETERE DATEE DU 16 OCTOBRE 1984 ADRESSEE AU SECRETAIRE GENERAL PAR LE REPRESENTANT PERMANENT DE L IRAQ AUPRES DE L ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES J ai l honneur de vous transmettre ci joint la lettre dat e du 16 octobre 1984 qui vous est adress e par M Tariq Aziz premier ministre adjoint et ministre des affaires trang res de la R publique d Iraq au sujet de l agcession flagrante perp tr e le 14 octobre 1984 par les autorit s isra liennes l encontre d un navire marchand iraquien sur lequel elles ont ouvert le feu alors qu il naviguait dans les eaux territoriales jordaniennes en direction du port jordanien d Aqaba Je vous serais oblig de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de ladite lettre comme document du Conseil de s curit Veuillez agr er Le Kepr sentant permanent Sign Riyadh AL QAYSI 94924325 39607 F S 16785 Fran ais Page 2 Annexe Lettre adress e au Secr taire g n ral par le Premier Minis 2 adjoint et Ministre des affaires trang res de l Iraq Monsieur le Secr taire g n ral de l Organisation des Nations Unies Je tiens porter votre connaissance l agression flagrante perp tr e le 14 octobre 1984 par les autorit s isra liennes l encontre du navire machand iraquien Babel qui naviguait dans les eaux territoriales jordaniennes en dire
6. Unies J ai l honneur de vous transmettre un document intitul L action peychologique dans la guerre de gu rilla r dig par la Central Intelligence Agency des Btats Unis d Am rique CIA 1 l usage des bandes de mercenaires qui sous la conduite directe et ouverte du Gouvernement des Stats Unis tentent de renverser le gouvernement de mon pays if Disponible en anglais et en espegnol seulement 96 2497 JAGER 8 Pos A 39 596 10789 Frangais Page 2 Ce document dont l authenticit a d j t confirm e par diff rentes instances officielles des Etats Unis est un manuel d instructions sur la mani re de commettre des assassinats et d effectuer des enl vements des attaques et autres activit s d lictueuses contraires aussi bien au droit international qu aux lois des Etats Unis notamment au d cret ex cutif 12333 du 4 d cembre 1981 La pr paration la publication et la distribution du Manuel L action psychologique dans la guerre de gu rilla ont t condamn es par divers secteurs de l opinion publique des Etats Unis et de la communaut internationale et rejet es pac de nombreux membres du Congr s ce qui contraste avec l attitude de hauts fonctionnaires de l Administration du pr sident Reagan qui tout en reconnaissant l authenticit du document ont cherch en minimiser l importance en disant qu il s agissait d un manuel pr par par des fonctionnaires subalternes de la CIA ou d une premi re ve
7. Use of synonyms repetition of words with a similar meaning For example We demand a Nicaragua for all without exceptions without omissions Among the figures of speech most used in oratory are Comparison or Simile which sets the relationship of similarity between two or more beings or things For example Because we Jove Christ we love his bishops and pastors Free as a bird Anthithests fs the counterposition of words ideas or phrases Of an opposite meaning For example They promised freedom and gave slavery that they would distribute the wealth and they have distributed poverty that they would bring peace and they have brought about war Among the logic figures are the following Concession which is a skillful way to concede something to the adversary fn order ta better emphasize the inappropriate aspects through the use of expressions such as but however although nevertheless in spite of the fact that etc For example The mayor here has been honest but he fs not the one controlling al the money of the nation It is an effective form of rebuttal when the opinfon of the audience fs not entirely ours Permission in which one apperently acceeds to something when in reality it is rejected For example Do not protest but sabotage them Talk quietly but tell it to everyone the gossips Prolepsis is an anticipated refutation For example Some will think that they are o
8. advisors and their counseling programs are in reality fnterveners tn our homeland who direct the exploitation of the nation tn accordance with the objectives of the Russian and Cuban imperialists tn order to turn our people fnto slaves of the hammer and sickle 3 Selection of Appropriate Slogans The leaders of the guerrilla warfare classify their slagans in accordance with the circumstances with the atm of mobilizing the masses in a wide scale of activities and at the highest emotional level When the mass uprising is being developed our covert cadres should make partial demands initially demanding e g We want food We want freedom of worship We want unton freedom steps that will lead us toward the realization of the goals of our movement which are G00 HOMELAND AND DEMOCRACY If a lack of organization and command ts noted in the enemy authority and the people find themselves in a state of exaltation advantage can be taken of this circumstance so thet our agitators will raise the tone of the rallying slogans taking them to the most cadent point If the masses are not emotionally exalted our agitators will continue with the partial siagans and the demands will be based on daily needs chaining them to the goals of our movement An example of the need to give simple slogans is that few pecple think in terms of millions of cordobas but any citizen however humble he may be understands that a pair of shoes s ne
9. aux Pr sidents des pays membres du Groupe de Contadora par le Coordonnateur du Conseil du Gouvernement de reconstruction du Nicaragua Au moment o expire le d lai fix aux pays d Am rique centrale pour qu ils se prononcent sur l Accord de Contadora j ai le plaisir de vous confirmer que nous sommes enti rement dispos s accepter dans sa totalit et ratifier imm diatement et sans aucune modification le texte r vis le 7 septembre de l Accord pr sent par le Groupe de Contadora afin de donner une impulsion d cisive l instauration d une paix durable dans la r gion Soucieux d aider les autres pays d Am rique centrale et le Gouvernement des Etats Unis prendre une d cision en faveur de la signature imm diate du texte r vis de l Acte et de son protocole le Gouvernement nicaraguayen a estim opportun de formuler les observations ci apr s Le Gouvernement nicaraguayen est fermement convaincu que la version r vis e de l Accord de Contadora constitue le point culminant d un long processus de n gociations C est dans ce sens que la septi me r union conjointe des ministres des relations ext rieures des pays d Am rique centrale et du Groupe de Contadora a d clar dans son communiqu que la version r vis e de l Acte refl tait les points de vue exprim s par les cinq gouvernements d Am rique centrale Le Gouvernement nicaraguayen partage pleinement les vues exprim es par les ministres des relations e
10. being replaced by Cuban paramedics and that as doctors they cannot practice their profession due to a lack of medicines A re rel for recruiting them will be thefr ability to express themselves n public The selection of the personnel fs more important than the training a 20 The political awareness building and the individual capabilities of persuasion will be shown in the group discussions for motivation of the guerrilla as a propagandist combatant chosen as cadres to organize them in teams that is those who have the grestest capacity for this work The training of guerrillas for Armed Propaganda Teams emphasizes the method and not the content A two week period is sufficient if the recruitment fs done in the form indicated If a mistaken process of recruitment has been followed ver good the training provided the individual chosen will not yield RUS result The training should be intensive for 14 days through team discussions alternating the person who leads the discussion among the members of the group The subjects to be dealt with will be the same each day a different theme being presented for a varied practice The themes houtd refer te ate conditions of the place and the meaning that they have for the inhabi the locality such as talking of crops fertilizers seeds irrigation of crops etc They can also include the following topics Sawed wood carpenters tools for houses or other b
11. conclusion The guerrillas should feel that it was their free and own decision The cadre should serve as a private teacher The cadre or leader will not act as a lecturer but will help the members of the group te study and express their own opinions d The political cadre will at the end of every discussion make a summary of the principal points leading them to the correct conclusions Any serious difference with the objectives of the movement should be noted by the cadre and reported to the comandante of the force if necessary a combined group meeting will be held and the team of political cadres will explain and rectify the misunderstanding e Democratic conduct by the political cadres living eating and working with the guerrillas and if possible at their side sharing their Tiving conditions All of this will foster understanding spirit of cooperation that will help in the discussion and exchange of ideas f Carry out group discussion in towns and areas of operations whenever possible with the civilian population and not limit them to camps or bases This is done to emphasize the revolutionary nature of the struggle and to demonstrate that the guerrillas identified with the Piss 10 objectives of the people move about within the population The errilla projects himself toward the people as the political cadre oes toward the guerrilla and they should live eat and work together to realize a unity of revolutiona
12. in dis cusstons with civilfans The Communist enemy should be pointed out as the number one enemy of the people and as a secondary threat against our guerrilla forces Whenever there ts a chance groups of members should be chosen who have a high political awareness and high disciplinary conduct in the work to be carried out fn order to be sent to the populous areas in order to direct the armed propaganda where theyshould persuade the people through dialogue in face to face confrontations where these principles should be followed Respect for human rights and others property Helping the people in conmunity work Protecting the people from Conmunist aggressions Teaching the people environmental hygiene to read etc in order to win their trust which will lead to a better democratic ideological preparation This attitude will fester the sympathy of the peasants for our movement and they will immediately become one of us through logistical support coverage and intelligence information on the enemy or participation fn combat guerrillas should be persuasive through the word and not dictatoriaWith weapons If they behave in this way the peopie will feel resp tted will be more inclined to accept our message and will consolidate inte popular support In any place in which tactical guerrilla operations are carried out tn populous areas the d should undertake psychological actions parallel to these and should preceed accomp
13. l appel lanc aux Etats membres de l UCI poursuivre leur assistance pour l dification de ce projet dont la r clisation d butera incessamment o NATIONS AS JNIES Assembi e g n rale Conseil de s curit Distr GENERALE A 39 588 8 16784 17 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL ESPAGNOL ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE Trente neuvi me session Trente neuvi me ann e Point 25 de l ordre du jour LA SITUATION EN AMERIQUE CENTRALE MENACES CONTRE LA PAIX ET LA SECURITE INTER NATIONALES ET INITIATIVES DE PAIX Lettre dat e du 16 octobre 1984 adress e au Pr sident du Conseil de s curit par le Repr sentant permanent du Nicaragua aupr s de l Organisation des Nations Unies J ai l honneur de vous transmettre le texte de la communication adress e le 15 octobre 1984 aux pr sidents des pays membres du Groupe de Contadora par le commandant Daniel Ortega Saavedra coordonnateur du Conseil du Gouvernement de reconstruction du Nicaragua Je vous serais oblig de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de la pr sente lettre et de son annexe comme document de l Assembl e g n rale au titre du point 25 de l ordre du jour et du Conseil de s curit L Ambassadeur Repr sentant permanent du Nicaragua janise Nations Sign Javier CHAMORRO MORA 6424331 3835R F fose A 39 588 8 16784 Fran ais Page 2 ANNEXE Communication adress e le 15 octobre 1984
14. meet in the other already established point and they should warn the patrol that if at a particular tige they cannot meet at the established point they should have a third meeting point These procedures contribute to the motivation of the guerrilla and improve the spirit of cooperat ton in the unft The danger sense of in security anxiety and daily concern in the life of a guerrilla require tangible evidence of belonging in order for him to keep up his spirit and morale In addition to the good physical conditions fn which the guerrilla should find himself goad psychological conditions are necessary for which group discussions and becoming a self critic are recommended which will greatiy benefit the spirit and sorakof the same 2 Having broken camp with the effort and cooperation of everyone strengthens the spirit of the group The guerrilla will be inclined then towards the unity of thought in democratic objectives 5 Interaction with the People In order to ensure popular support essential for the good develop ment of querrilla warfare the leaders should induce a positive inter action between the civilians and the guerrillas through the principle of live eat and work with the people and maintain control of th activities In group discussions the leaders and political cadres should give emphasis to positively identifying themselves with the people It is not recommendable to speak of military tactical plans
15. obtaining and using nformation In addition the Armed Propaganda cadre will report to his superior the reaction of the people to the radio broadcasts the insurrectional flyers or any other means of propaganda of ours Expressfons or gestures of the oyes or f ace the tone and strength of the voice and the use of the appropriate words greatly affect the face to face persuasion of the people foss 23 With the intelligence reports supplied by the Armed Propaganda Teams the comandantes will be abllo have exact knowledge of the popular support which they will make use of in their operations 4 Psychological Tactics Maximum Flexibility Psychological tacticgwill have the greatest flexibility within a general plan permftting a continuous and immediate adjustment of the message and ensuring that an impact fs caused On the indicated target group at the moment fn which it is the most susceptible Tactically an Armed Propaganda Equipment program should cover the majority and if possible all of the operational area The communities fn which this propaganda ts carried out should not necessarily form political units with an official nature A complete understanding of their structure or organization is not necessary because the cadres will work by applying socto politi cal action and not acadenic theory The target populations of the Armed Propaganda Teams will be chosen r being part of the operational area and not for thei
16. publique d mocratique populaire lao le 14 octobre 1984 tel qu il est reproduit dans le document publi sous la cote S 16768 j ai l honneur d ordre de mon gouvernement de porter votre connaissance les faits suivante e 1 Il n y a plus aucune pr sence militaire ou administrative tha dans les trois villages en question 2 La Tha lande accueille d j un tr s grand nombre de r fugi s venant des pays voisins y compris le Laos et n a aucun d sir d ajouter cette charge En ce qui concerne les villageois eux m mes ils ont volontairement quitt les trois villages en question et sont actuellement r install s dans une zone voisine o ils geront en s ret Si ces villageois souhaitent se rendre au Laos la Tha lande les aidera volontiers r aliser leur voeu Les all gations du Lacs selon lesquelles il y aurait eu d portation ou enl vement n ont aucun fondement et visent apparemment induire en erreur l opinion mondiale 3 Dans la d claration que j ai faite devant le Conseil de s curit le octobre dernier 8 PV 2258 41 tait propos comme il avait t convenu ant rieurement que le Laos participe la formation d une quipe mixte de techniciens JTT si le Laos d cidait de revenirtsur sa position la Tha lande serait d accord pour que le Secr taire g n ral envoie une mission d enqu te dans la r gion Gr ce un ter m canisme ou par le biais de tout autre m canisme dont on serait mutuellement co
17. teachers etc will be recruited initfally as Social Crusaders in typically Minnocuous movements in the area of operations When their nvolvement with the clandestine organization is revesled to them this supplies the psychological pressure to use them as inside cedres in groups to which they already belong or of which they can be members Then they will receive instruction in techniques of persuasion over control of target groups to support our democratic revolution through a gradual and skillful process A cell control system isolates individuals from one another and at the appropriate moment their influence ts used for the fusion of groups in a united national front 6 Control of Meetings and Mass Assemblies The control of mass meetings fn support of guerrilla warfare is carried out internally through a covert commando element bodyguards messengers shock forces initiators of incidents placard carriers also used for making signals shouters of slogans everything under the control of the outside commando element Wher the cadres are placed or recrufted tn organizations such as labor unions youth groups agrarian organizations or professional asso cfations they will begin to manipulate the objectives of the groups The psychologicalam maratus of our movement through inside cadres prepares a mental ttitude which at the cructal moment can be turned nto a fury of justified violence Through a small g
18. the FSLN guvernment of oppression 4 Armed Propaganda Teams Armed Propaganda Teams wili combine political awareness building and the ability to conduct propaganda for ends of personal persuasion which will be carried out within the population 5 Cover Facade Organizations The fusion of several organizations and associations recognized by the government through internal subjective control occurs tn the final stages of the operation in close cooperation with mass meetings 6 Control of Mass Demonstrations The mixture of elements of the struggle with participants fn the demonstration will give the appearance of a spontaneous demonstration lacking direction which will be used by the agitators of the struggle to control the behavior of the masses 7 Conclusion With too much frequency we see guerrille war fere only from the point of view of combat actions This view is erroneQus and extremely dangerous Combat actions are not the key to victory n guerrilla warfare but rather form part of one of the six basic efforts There fs ne priority in any of the efforts but rather they should progress fa a parallel manner The emphasis or excluston of any of these efforts could ring about serfous difficulties and in the worst of cases even failure THE HISTORY OF REVOLUTIONARY WARS HAS SHOWN THIS REALITY fane HO APPENDIX The purpose of this appendix fs to complement the guidelines and recommendations to the propagan
19. the political cadre assigned to carry out the recrui ts will be notified of this The original contact will indfcateysthe cadre assigned in a detafled manner all he knows of the possible recruit and the 230 style of persuasion to be used introducing the two If the target does not seem to be susceptible to voluntary re cruitment meetings can be arranged which seem casual with the querrilla leaders of with the political cadres unknown by the target until that moment The meetings will be held so that other persons know that the target s attending them whether they see him arrived at a particular house seated at the table in a particular bar or even seated on a park bench The target then fs faced with the fact of his participation tn the insurrectional struggle and it will be indicated to him also that if he fails to cooperate or to carry out future orders he will be exposed to actions of reprisal by the police or soldiers of the regime The notification of the police denouncing a target who does not want to join the guerrillas can be carried out easily when tt becomes necessary through a letter with false statements of citizens who are not implicated in the movement Care should be taken that the person who recruited him covertly fs not discovered With the carrying out of clandestine missions for the movement the involvement and handing over of every recruit ts done gradually on a wider and wider scale and confide
20. ts essential for supess fn guerrilla warfare 3 Group Dynamics This political awareness building and motivation are attained by the use of group dynamics at the level of small un ts The group d s cusston method and self criticism are a general guerrilla training and operations technique Group discussions raise the spirit and increase the unity of thought in small guerrilla groups and exercise social pressure on the weakest members to better carry out their missionin training and future combat actions These group discussions will give special emphasis to Creating a favorable opinion of our movement Through local and national history make it clear that the Sandinista regine is for eignizing repressive and imparisl stic and that even though there are some Nicaraguans within the government point out that they are puppets of the power of the Soviets and Cubans f e of foreign power Always a local focus Matters of an international nature will be explained only in support of local events in the guerrilla warfare The unification of the nation ts our goal This means that the defeat of the Sandinista armed forces ts our priority Our insurrectional movement is a pluralistic political platform from which we are determined to win freedom equelty a better economy with work facilities a higher of living and a true democracy for all Nicaraguans without exception fase 9 Providing to each gu
21. LE A4 nb S 16786 17 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL s ANGLAIS LETTRE DATEE DU 17 OCTOBRE 1984 ADRESSEE AU PRESIDENT DU CONSEIL DE SECURITE PAR LE REPRESENTANT PERMANENT DE L ETHIOPIE AUPRES DE L ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES Au nom du Groupe des Etats africains aupr s de l Organisation des Nations Unies j ai l honneur de vous prier en application de la r solution 39 2 de l Assembl e q n rale en date du 28 septembre 1984 de bien vouloir examiner la grave situation qui existe en Afrique du Sud du fait de l imposition des soi disant Nouvelles constitutions et de prendre toutes les mesures n cessaires conform ment la Charte des Nations Unies pour viter toute nouvelle aggravation de la tension et des conflits en Afrique du Sud et dans l Afrique australe dans son ensemble Le Repr sentant permanent de l Ethiopie aupr s de l Organisation des Nations Unies Pr sident du Groupe des Etats africains pour le mois d octobre Sign Berhanu DINKA 6424362 19428 F NATIONS UNIES S VEN Conseil de s curit Distr Y Y GENERALE NS y S 16787 17 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL ANGLAIS LETTRE DATEE DU 17 OCTOBRE 1984 ADRESSEE AU SECRETAIRE GENERAL DE L ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES PAR LE REPRESENTANT PERMANENT DE LA THAILANDE AUPRES DE L ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES Me r f rant au communiqu fallacieux et d sobligeant publi par le Minist re des affaires trang res de la R
22. NATIONS AS UNIES ra D Assembl e g n rale Conseil de s curit SE GENERALE A 39 585 S 16783 16 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL s ANGLAIS ARASE FRANCAIS ASSEMBLER GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE Trente neuvi me session Trente neuvi me ann e Points 28 33 36 et 44 de l ordre du jour LA SITUATION EN AFGHANISTAN ET SES CONSEQUENCES POUR LA PAIX ET LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALES QUESTION DE PALESTINE LA SITUATION AU MOYEN ORIENT CONSEQUENCES DE LA PROLONGATION DU CONFLIT ARME ENTRE L IRAN ET L IRAQ Lettre dat e du 12 octobre 1984 adress e au secr taire g n ral par le Repr sentant permanent du Bangladesh aupr s de l Organisation des Nations Unies D ordre du Conseiller pour les affaires trang res du Gouvernement de la R publique populaire du Bangladesh agissant en sa qualit de pr sident de la quatorsi me Conf rence islamique des ministres des affaires trang res j ai l honneur de vous prier de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte ci joint du communiqu de la R union de coordination des ministres des affaires trang res de l Organisation de la Conf rence islamique tenue New York le 14 octobre 1984 comme document de l Assenbl e g n rale au titre des points 28 33 36 et 44 et du Conseil de s curit S436274 282308 8 deso A 39 585 8 16783 Fran ais Page 2 ANNEXE Communiqu de la R union de coordination des ministres des affaires trang res de l Organisat
23. With God and patriotism we will overcome communism because Conversion fs the repetition at the end of every phrase e g Sandinismo trie s to be about everyone dominate everyone command everyone and as an absolute tyranny do away with everyone In the emphasis repetition is used at the beginning and at the end of the clauses e g Whe brought the Russfan Cuban intervention The Sandinistas And who ts engaged in arms trafficking with the neighboring countries The Sandintstas And who fs proclaiming to be in favor of non intervention The Sandinistas Reduplication when the phrase begins with the same word that ends the previous one For example We struggle for democracy democracy and soctal justice The concatenation fs a chain made up of duplications For example Communism transmites the deception of the child to the young man of the young man to the adult and of the adult to the old man in the antithesis or word play the same words are used with a different meaning te give an fngentous effect e g The greatest wealth of every human being is his own freedom because slaves will always be poor but we poor can have the wealth of our freedom 43 Similar cadences through the use of verbs of the same tense and person or nouns of the same number and case For example Those of us who are struggling we will be marching because he who perseveres achieves and he who gives up remains
24. ad chief shall establish the regular camping procedure Once they have divested themselves of their packs the chief will choose the appropriate ground for camping He should select land that predominates over the zone with two our three escape routes He will chooseamong his men and give them responsibilities such as a Cleaning the camp area Adequate drainage in case of rain Also building of some trenches or holes for marksmen fn case of emergency In addition he will build a stove which will be done by making some small trenches and placing three rocks fn place in case the stove fs built on a pedastal it will be filled with clay and rocks Bull a windbreaking wall which will be covered on the sides and on top with branches and leaves of the same vegetation of the zone This will serve for camouflaging and profecting tt from aerial visibility or from enemy patrols around Construct a latrine and a hole where wastes and garbage will be buried which should be covered over at the time of abandoning the camp Once the camp has been established it is recommended that a watchman be put in place in the places of access at a prudential distance where the shout of alarm can be heard In the same moment the password will be established which should be changed every 24 hours The commander should establish ahead of time an alternate meeting point fn case of having to abandon the camp fn a hurried manner and they will be able to
25. ain near the leaders transmitting orders between the inside and outside commandos They will use communication radios telephones bicycles motorcycles cars or move on foot or horseback taking paths or trails to shorten distances Adolescents men and women are ideal for this mission Shock troops These men should be equipped with weapons knives razors chains clubs bludgeons and should march slightly behind the innocent and gullible participants They should carry their weapons hidden They will enter into action nly as reinforcements if the guerrilla agitators are attacked by the police They will enter the scene quickly violently and by surprise in order to distract the author ities in this way making possible the withdrawal or rapid escape of the inside commando Carriers of Banners and Placards The banners and placards used in demonstrations or concentrations will express the protests of the popula tion but when the concentration reaches fts highest level of euphoria or popular discontent our infiltrated persons will make use of the placards against the regime which we manage to infiltrate fn a hidden fashion and on them slogans or key words will oe expressed to the benefit of our cause The one responsible for this mission will assign the agitators ahead of time to keep near the placard of any contrary element In that way the comandante will know where the agitators are and will be able to send Pers to change
26. any and consolidate the common objective and explain to all the people about our struggle xpleining that our presence 15 to give peace liberty and democracy to all Nicaraguens without exception and explaining that our struggle fs not against the nationals but rather against Russian Imperialismo This will serve to ensure greater psychological achievements which faas 13 will increase the operations of the future 6 Conclusions The nature of the environment in guerrilla war fare does not permit sophisticated facilities for psychological operations and the face to face persuaston of the guerrilla combatant propagandists with the people is an effective and available tool which we should use as much as possible during the proces of the struggle III ARMED PROPAGANDA Y Generalities Frequently a misunderstanding exists on armed propaganda that this tactic fs a compulsion of the people with arms In reality it does not include compulsion but the guerrilla should know well the principles and methods of this tactic The objective of this section ts to give the guerrilla student an understanding of the armed propaganda that should be used and that will be able to be applied in guerrilla warfare 2 Close Identification with the People Armed propaganda includes all acts carried out by an armed force whose results improve the attitude of the people toward this force and ft does not include forced indoctrination This fs ca
27. are the eyes and ears of our movement The development and cortrol of the cover organizations in guerrilla war fare will give our movement the ability to create a whiplash tffect within the population when the order for fusion fs given When the infiltration and internal subjective control have been developed fn a manner parajlel to other guerrilla activities a compandante of ours ui literally be able to shake up the Sandinista structure and replace t The mass assemblies and meetings are the Culmination of a wide base support among the population and ft comes about in the later phrases of the operation This fs the moment in which the overthrow can be achieved and our revolution can become an open one requiring the close collaboration of the entire population of the country and of contacts with their roots tn reality The tactical effort fn guerrilla warfare is directed at the weaknesses of the enemy and at destroying their military resistance capacity and should be parallel to a psychological effort to weaken and destroy their socio political capacity at the same time In guerrilla warfare more than in any other type of military effort the psychological activities should re er with the military ones in order to achieve the objectives esired 11 COMBATANT PROPAGANDIST GUERRILLA 1 Generalities The objective of this section is to familiarize the guerrilla with the techniques of psychological operations which maximizes t
28. by hostile actions whether by an individual or whether by anumber of men of an enemy team The hostility of one or two men c n be overcome by eliminating the enemy in a rapid and effective manner This is the most common danger When the enemy is equal in the number of its forces there should be an immediate retreat and then the enemy should be ambushed or eliminated by means of sharp shooters in any of the cases the Armed Propaganda Team cadres should not turn the town into a battleground Generally our guerrillas will be better armed so that they will obtain greater respect from the population if they carry out appropriate maneuvers instead of endangering their lives or even destroying their houses fn an encounter with the enemy within the town S A Comprehensive Team Program Mobile Infrastructure The psychological operations through the Armed Propaganda Teams include the infiltration of key guerrilla communicators e Armed Propaganda Team cadres within the population of the country instead of sending messages to them through outside sources thus creating our mobile n frastructure A mobile infrastructure 15 a cadre of our armed propaganda team moving about i e keeping n touch with six or more populations from which his source of information will come and at the same time it will serve so that at the appropriate time they will become integrated in the complete guerrilla movement a in th
29. caused by the oppressive system and will cease to exist when the forces of justice of our movement assume control If for example it should be necessary for one of the advanced posts to have to fire on a citizen who was trying to leave the town or city in which the guerrillas are carrying out armed propaganda or political proselitism the following is recommended Explain that ff that c tizen had managed to escape he would haye alerted the enemy that is near the town or city and they would carry out acts of reprisal such as rapes pillage destruction captures etc in this way terrorizing the inhabitants of the place for having given attention and hospitalities to the guerrillas of the town If a guerrilla fires at an individual make the town see that he was an enemy of the people and that chey shot him because the guerrillas recognized as their first duty the protection of citizens The commando tried to detain the informant without firing be cause he like al Christian guerrfllas espouses nonviolence Havin fired at the Sandinista informant although it ts against his own will was necessary to prevent the repress on of the Sandinista government against fnnocent people Make the population see that ft was the repressive system of the regime that was the cause of this situation what really killed the informer and that the weapon fired was one recovered fn combat against the Sandinista regime Make the popula
30. cessary The goals of the movement are of an ideological nature but our agitators sust realize that food bread and butter the tortilla and red beans pull along the people and it should be understood that this fs their main mission foes 36 4 Creation of Muciet This involves the mobilization of a specific number of agitators of the guerrilla organization of the place This group will inevitably attract an equa number of curfous persons who seek adventures and emotions as well as those unhappy with the system of government The guerrillas will attract sympathizers discontent citizens as a consequence of the repression of the system To each guerrilla subunit will be assigned specific tasks and missionsthat they should carry out Our cadres will be mobflized tn the largest number possible together with persons who have been affected by the Communist dictatorship whether their possessions have been stolen from them they have been encarcerated tortured or suffered from any other type of aggressfon against them They will be mobilized toward the areas where the hostile and criminal elements of the FSLN CDS and others live with an effort for them to be armed with clubs fron rods placards and if possible small firearms which they will carry hidden If possible professional criminals will be hired to carry cut specific selective jobs Qur agitators will visit the places where the unemployed meet as well a
31. ch the Armed Propaganda Teams are also the source of information the antennas of our movement because they find and exploit the socio political weaknesses in the target society making possible a successful operation face 28 vato enbeusy Spaemo Karunas ayy up sadaag orbe uefa Stoy tjed 16 us CHU SP4 SiusuS11135 065 toyenised Iope e eins Aq p3161054 Oo wals seuerse sede Sues epuebedoig pouty JO VOLIEAI LIVI By vpo sy epustedolg op 4 sod mb3 P UQE 3 Aenubi Speoy 090181307 e a il VNOZ 30 WHJIN39 1318vWNM9 SAM RD A A 29 Y DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF FRONT ORGANIZATIONS 1 Generalities The development and control of front organizations or facade organizations fs an essential process in the guerrilla effort to Carry out the insurrection That fs in truth an aspect of urban guerrtlla warfare but tt should advance parallel to the campaign in the rural area This section has as fts objective to give the guerrilla student an understanding of the development and control of front or ganizations in guerrilla war fare 2 Initial Recruitment The initial recruftment to the movement if ft is tnvoluntary will be carried out through several private consultations with a cadre without his knowing that he fs talking to a member of ours Then the recrutt will be informed that he or she s already inside the movement and he will be exposed to the p
32. chological operations and its application to the concrete case of the Christian and democratic crusade being wuged in Nicaragua by the Freedom Commandos Welcome T INTRODUCTION 1 Generalities The purpose of this book is to introduce the guerrilla student to the psychological operations techniques that will be of immediate and practical value to him in guerrilla warfare This section is introductory and general subsequent sections will cover each point set forth herein more detail The nature of the environment of guerrilla warfare does not permit sophisticated psychological operations and it becomes necessary for the chiefs of groups chiefs of detachments and squadron leaders to have the ability to carry out with minimal instructions from the higher Tevels psychological action operations with the contacts that are thoroughly aware of the situation t e the foundations 2 Combatant Propagandist Guerrillas In order to obtain the maximum results from the psychological oper ations in guerrilia warfare every combatant should be as highly motivated to carry out propaganda face to face as he ts as a combatant This means that the individual pol tical awareness of the guerrilla of the reason for his struggle will be as acute as his ability to fight Such a political awareness and motivation ts obtained through the dynamic of groups and self criticism as a standard method of in struction for the guerrilla training and
33. ction du port jordanien d Aqaba lorsqu il a t intercept par un patrouilleur isra lien qui lui a demand son manifeste de cargaison Lorsque le commandant du navire refus de faire droit cette demande parce qu elle contrevenait cat goriquement aux r gles de la navigation internationale le patrouilleur a ouvert le feu sur le navire Ce comportement repr sente une violation flagrante des r gles du droit international r gissant la navigation dans les eaux territoriales Il est en effet interdit d intercepter un navire de commerce lors de son passage inoffensif dans les eaux territoriales en particulier lorsque ces eaux rel vent de la souverainet d un Etat tranger Je suis certain que vous m excuserez de faire vat de la protestation et de la condamnation nergiques de la R publique d Iraq l gard de ce comportement qui vient s ajouter mille actes de transgression des r gles du droit international et de l thique internationale dont les autorit s isra liennes sont coutumi res Je vous serais oblig de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de La pr sente lettre tous les Etats Membres de l Organisation des Nations Unies comme document du Conseil de s curit Veuillez agr er Le Ministre des affaires trang res Sign Tariq AZIZ NATIONS UNIES S me Y Conseil de s curit Distr N GENERA
34. d economic votes are their power n the economy Buying or not buying something the majorities decide what should be produced For something to be produced or to disappear That is part of economic democracy The most usual plaintive figures of speech are Deprication or entreaty to obtain something For example Lord free us from the yoke Give us freedom Imprecation or threat expressing a sentiment fn view of the unjust or hopeless For example Let there be a Homeland for all or Jet there be a Homeland for no one Conmination similar to the previous one presents a bad wish for the rest For example Let them drown in the abyss of their own corruption The apostrophe consists ef addressing oneself towards something supernatural or fnanimate as if ft were a living being For example Mountains of Nicaragua make the seed of freedom grow Interrogation consists of asking a question of oneself to give greater emphasis to what is expressed It is different from communication since it gives the answer and fs of a logical and not plaintive nature For axample If they have already murdered the members of my family ay ee peasant brothers do I have any patfs other than brandishing weapon Reticence consists of leaving a thought incomplete fntentionally so that mentally the audience completes it For example They promised political pluralism and gave totalitarianism They promised social justice and t
35. dbl e g n rale Ce projet appolle lea forces trang res mettre un terme amp leur intervention acn e dans les affsises de ce pays fr ro et vacuer imm diatement lo territoire afghan Le projet s affiens le droit inali nabis du peuple afghan choisis ie r gime qu isi convient y eo Posa A 39 585 16783 Fran ais Page 3 6 La R union a pris note de l intervention de la R publique d mocratique de Somalie relative la violation de son territoire national par l Ethiopie Elle a r affirm cet gard toutes les r solutions adopt es ce sujet par les conf rences islamiques qui mettent l accent sur l attachement de L OCI la s curit de ses Etats membres et leur int grit territoriale 7 La R union a pris connaissance de la situation inqui tante qui pr vaut dans les pays du Sahel africain touch s par la s cheresse Elle r affirme son enti re solidarit avec les victimes de ce fl au qui persiste dans cette partie du monde islamique et r it re son appel aux Etats membres accorder un int r t accru cette situation et apporter nos fr res sinistr s toute assistance mat rielle pouvant les aider faire face cette catastrophe 8 La R union a enfin pris connaissance d un rapport pr sent par le repr sentant du Kowe t en sa qualit de pr sident du Conseil d administration du Centre islamique de New York sur le projet de construction de ce centre Elle a approuv
36. dist guerrillas expressed under the topic of Techniques of Persuasion in Talks an Speeches Sect IV to improve the ability to organize and express thoughts for those who wish to perfect their oratorical abilities After atl oratory 4s one of the most valuable resources for exercising leadership Oratory can be use then as an extraordinary political tool 2 The Audience Oratory is simultaneous communication par excelience i e the erator and his sudfence share the same time and space Therefore every speech should be a different experience at that moment or particular situation which the audience is experiencing and which influences them So the audience must be considered as a state of mind happiness sadness anger fear etc are states of mind that we must consider to exist fn our audience and it fs the atmosphere that affects the target public The human being fs made up of a mind and soul he acts in accordance with his thoughts and sentiments and responds to stimuli of fdeas and emotions In that way there only exist 4 possible focuses in any plan including speeches the concrete based on rational appeals i e to thinking and the idealized with emotional appeals i e to sentiment For his part the oratur although he must be sensitive to the existing mass sentiment at the same time he must keep his cold judgment to be able to lead and control effectively the feelings of audience When in the oratorical momentu
37. e police and the traditional legal bases of authority The guerrilla Cadres in that group for example teachers will cultivate this awareness butlding making comments such as So and so who is a farmer said that the members of his coeperative believe that the new economic policy is absurd poorly planned and unfair for farmers When the awareness building is increased fn the sense that other groups feel hostility toward the regime the group discussions are held openly and our movement will be able to receive reports that the majority of thefr os are shared in common greater hostility against the regime will be developed and the order to fuse join will core about The fusion into a cover front is carried out by means of Internal cadres of our movement will meet with others such es presidents leaders and others at organized meetings chaired by the group chief of our movement Two or three escorts can assist the guerrilla cadre ff ft becomes necessary Publish a joint communique on this meeting announcing the creation of the Cover front including names and signatures of the participants end neses of the organfzations that they represent After relsasing this communique mass meetings should be initiated which should have as a goal the destruction of the Sandinista control 6 Conclusions The development and control of the cover organizations in a guerrilla war will give our movement the ability to create the w
38. ed explained as a whele or by parts Appraisal or argumentation Arguments are presented EXACTLY IN THIS ORDER First the negative arguments or against the thesis that is going ho to be upheld and then the positive arguments or favorable ones to our thests immediately adding proof or facts that sustain such arguments Recapitulation or conclusion A short summary is made and the conclusions of the speech are spelled out Exhortation Action by the public is called for 4 e they are asked fn an almost energetic manner to do or not to do something 6 Some Literary Resources Although there exist typically oratorical device g diction in truth oratory has taken from other literary genres a large number of devices several of wiichoften in an unconscious manner we use in our daily expressions and even in our speeches Below we enunciate many of the literary devices in frequent use in oratory recommended to those inteeested the moderated use of them since an orator who overuses the literary device loses authenticity and sounds untrue The devices that are used the most fn oratory are those ebtained through the repetition of words fn particular perfods of the speech such as Anaphora or repetition af a word at the beginning of each sentence e g Freedom for the poor freedom for the rich freedom for 311 In the reiteration repetition fs of a complete sentence slogan insistently through tne speech e g
39. eetings VII Massive In depth Support through Psychologi cal Operations APPENDIX Techniques of Oratory 3 Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Translation Spanish PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WARFARE by Tayacan PREFACE Guerrilla warfare is essentially a political war Therefore its area of operations exceeds the territorial limits of conventional war fare to penetrate the political entity itself the political animal thet Aristotle defined In effect the human being should be considered the priority objective in a political war And conceived as the military target of guerrilla war the human being has his most critical pofnt in his mind Once his mind has been reached the political animal has been defeated without necessarily receiving bullets Guerrilla warfare is born and grows in the political environment fn the constant combat to dominate that area of political mentality that is inherent to all h man beings and which cotlective y constit bs the environment in whichgkerrilla warfare moves and mich is where precisely fits victory or failure is defined This conception of guerrilla warfare as political war turns Psychological Operations into the decisive factor of the results The target then is the minds of the population all the population our troops the enemy troops and the civilian population This book fs a manual for the training of guerriltas in psy
40. errilla a clear understanding about the struggle for national sovereignty against Soviet Cuban imperialism iscusston guides will lead the guerrillas so that they will see the injustices of the Sandinista system Showing each guerrilla the need for good behavior to win the support of the population Discussion guides should convince the guerrillas that the attitude and opinion of the population play a decisive role because victory is impossible without popular support Self criticism will be in constructive terms that will contribute to the mission of the movement and which will provide the guerrillas with the conviction that they have a constant and positive individual dri yd in the mission of the group The method of instruction w a Division of the guerrilla force into squads for group dis cussions including command and support elements whenever the tactical situation permits ft The Makeup of the small units should be main tained when these groups are designated b Assignment of a political cadre in the guerrilla force to each group to guide the discusston The squad leader should help the cadre to foster study and the expressfon of thoughts If there are not enough political cadres for each squad or post leaders should guide the discussions and the avsilable cadres visit alternate groups c It fs appropriate for the cadre or the leader to guide the discussion of a group to cover a number of points and to reach a correct
41. g the safety of citizens However the guerrillas should be careful not to become an explicit terror because this would result in a loss of popular support In the words of a leader of the HUK guerrilla movement of the Phitippine Islands The population is always fmpressed by weapons not by the terror that they cause but rather by a sensation of strength force We must appear before the people giving then support with our weapons that will give them the message of the struggle This ts then in few words the essence of armed propaganda 15 When a meting is held conclude it with a speech by one of the leaders of guerrilla political cadres the most dynamic which includes explicit references to The fact that the enemies of the people the officials or Sandinista agents must not be mistreated in spite of their criminal acts although the guerrilla force may have suffered casualties and that this vs done due to the generosity uf the Christian guerrillas Give a declaration of gratitude for the hospitality of the population as well as tet Ran know that the risks that they will run when the Sandinistas return are greatly apprec cd The fact that the Sami nista regime although it exploits the people with taxes control of money aris and 211 aspects of public life through associations which they are forced tc become part cf will not be able to resist the attacks of our gues tft gt forces
42. g the tactics of a force of 200 300 agitators a demonstration can be created in which 10 000 20 000 persons take part The agitation of the masses in a demonstration is carried out by means of socio political objectives In this action one or several people of our covert movement should take part and highly trained as mass agi tators involving innocent persons tn order to bring about an apparent spontaneous protest demonstration They will lead all of the concentration to the end of it Outside Commando This elemert stays out of all activity located so that they can observe from where they are the development of the planned events As a point of observation they should look for e g the tower of a church a high building a high tree the highest level of the stadium or an auditorium or any other high place Inside Commando This element will re n within the multitude Great im portance should be given to the oro MERA s of these elements Some placards or large allusive signs should be used to designate the Commando Posts and to provide signals to the subunits This element will avoid placing itself in places where fights ar incidents come about after the beginning of the demonstration These key agitators of ours will remafn within the multitude The one responsible for this mission will assign ahead of time the agitators to remain near the placard that he will indicate to them tn order to give protection to the placard of an
43. he social psychological effect of a guerrilla movement converting the errilla into a propagandist fn addition to being a combatant he nature of the environment in guerrilla warfare does not permit so ist fcated facilities for psychological operations so that use should made of the effective face to face persuasion of each guerrilla 2 Political Awareness The individual political awareness of the guerrilla the reason for his struggle will be as important as his ability in combat This political awareness and motivation will be achieved Fosa By improving the combat potential of the guerrilla by improving his motivation for fighting By the guerrilla recognizing himself as a vital tie between the democratic guerrillas and the people whose support is essential for the subsistence of both By fostering the support of the population for the national in surgence through the suppert for the guerrillas of the locale which provides a psychological basis in the population for politics after the victory has been achieved By developing trust in the guerrillas and fn the population for the reconstruction of a local and national government By promoting the value of participation by the guerrillas and the people in the civic affairs of the insurrection and in the national programs By developing in each guerrilla the ability of persuasion face to face at the loca level to w n the support of the population which
44. he tasks of the p asant or the community In his free time our guerrillas should mix in with the comunity groups and participate with them fn patronal activities parties birthdays and even in wakes or burials of the members of said community he will try to converse with both adults and adolescents He will try to penetrate to the heart of the family in order to win the acceptance and trust of all of the residents of that sector The Armed Propaganda Team cadres will give ideological training mixing these instructions with folkloric sengs and at the sate time he will tell storfes that have some attraction making an effort to make then refer to herofc acts of our ancestors He will also try to tell stories of herofsm of our combatants in the present struggle so that listeners try to imitate them It fs important to let them know that there are other countries fin the world where freedom and democracy cause those governing to be concerned over the well being of their peop e so that the children have medical care and free education where also they ere concerned thet everyone have work and food end alt freedoms such as those ef religion essoctation end expression where the greatest objective ef the government ts te keep its people happy roo 25 The cadres should not make mention of their political ideology during the first phase of identification with the people and they should orient their talks to things that are plessing
45. hey have increased poverty They offered freedom of thought and they have given censorship Now what they promise the world are free elections Translated by Oeanna Hammond C amp S Language Services
46. hip lash effect within the population when the order for fusion ts given When the infiltration and internal subjective control have been developed parallelly with other guerrilla activities a democratic guerrilla commander will literally be able to shake up the Sandinista structure and replace it YI CONTROL OF MASS CONCENTRATIONS AND MEETINGS 1 Generalities In the last stages of a guerrilla war mass concentrations and meetings are a powerful psyctotogical tool for carrying out the mission This section has as its objective giving the guerrfila student training on techniques for controlling mass concentrations and meetings in guerrilla war fare Infiltration of Guerrilla Cadres Inf ltration of guerrilla cadres whether a member of our movement or outside element in workers unfons student gropps peasant organizations etc preconditioning these groups for behavior within the masses where they will have to carry out proselitism for the insurrectional struggle fn a clandestine manner Qur psychological war team should prepare in advance a hostile mental attitude among the target groups so that at the decisive moment they can turn thefr furor inte violence demanding thefr rights that have been trampled upon by the regime These preconditioning campaigns must beysimed at the political parties professional organizations students laborers the masses of the unemployed the ethnic minorities and any other sector of
47. include forced indoctrination Armed propaganda improves the behavior of the population toward them and it ts not achieved by force This means that a guerrilla armed unit fn a rural town will not give the impression that arms are their strength over the peasants but rather that they are the strength of the peasants against the Sandinista government of repression This fs achieved through a close identification with the people as follows hanging up weapons and working together with them on their crops fn construction fn the harvesting of grains in fishing etc explanations to youny men about basic weapons e g giving them an unloaded weapon and Tetting them touch ft see it etc describing in a rudimentary manner fts operation describing with simple slogans how weapons will serve the people to win their freedom demanding the requests by the people for hospitals and education reducing taxes etc All these ects have as their goal the creation of an identification of the people with the weapons and the guerrillas who carry them so that the population feels that the weapons are indirectly their weapon to protect them and help them in the struggle against a regime of oppres ston Implicit terror always accompanies weapons since the people are internally aware that they can be used against them but as long as explicit coersion s avoided positive attitudes can be achieved with respect to the presence of armed guerrillas within the po
48. intances in churches clubs or committees lator unions or governmental organizations The Armed Propaganda Team cadres should join the first groups n order to persuade them to follow the policies of our movement because it is from this type of group that the opinions or changes of opinion come Techniques of Persuasion in Talks or Speeches Be simple and concise You should avoid the use of difficult words or expressions and prefer popular words and expressions e the language of the people In dealing with a person you should make use ef concise language avoiding complicated words It is important to re member that we use oratory to make our people understand the reason for our struggle and not to show off our knowledge Use Lively and Realistic Examples Avoid abstract concepts such as are used in universities in the advanced years and in place of them give concrete examples such as children playing horses galloping birds in flight etc Er Use Gestures to Comunicate Communication in addition to being verbal can be through gestures such as using our hands expressively back movements facial expressions focusing of our look and other aspects of body language projecting the individual personality in the message Use the Appropriate Tone of Voice If on addressing the peaple you talk about happiness a happy tone should be used If you talk of some thing sad the tone of the voice should be one of sadness
49. ion de la Conf rence islamique tenue New York le 4 octobre 1984 1 Les ministres des affaires trang res de l Organisation de la Conf rence islamique ont tenu ie 4 octobre 1984 au Si ge de l Urganisation des Nations Unies New York leur r union annuelle de coordination sous la pr sidence de M Humayun Rasheed Choudhury conseiller pour les affaires trang res du Gouvernement du Bangladesh Au cours de cette r union les ministres et chefs de d l gation ont pass en revue la situation internationale et ont examin plus particuli rement les probl mes qui concernent les Etats membres de L QCI et qui figurent l ordre du jour de la pr sente session de l Assemblue g n raie des Nations Unies 2 Cette r union s est tenue dans une conjoncture marqu e par l aspect de plus en plus agressif de La politique isra lienne l gard du peuple de Palestine En effet Isra l persiste rejeter toutes les initiatives pour la solution du problAme du Moyen Orient Il s obstine galement 4 ne pas reconna tre les droits du peuple palestinien reconnus par la communaut internationale Isra l s vertue en outre mettre en oeuvre des mesures coarcitives contre les populations organiser des agressions contre des personnalit s nationalistes palestiniennes perp trer des actes d agression contre les lieux saints de l Islam plus particuli rement les tentatives r p t es visant la destruction de la mosqu e Al Aqsa les mes
50. is way an Armed Propaganda Team progre operational area builds for our comandantes in the countryside yo 86 of data gathering infrastructure in ali the area It is also a means for developing or es popular support for recruiting new members and for obtaining provisions in addition an Armed Propaganda Team program allows the expansion of the guerrilla movement since they can penetrate areas that are not under the control of the combat units In this way through an exact evaluation of the combat units they will be able to plan their operations more pre cisely since they will have certain knowledge ef the existing conditions Pini 27 The comandante 1 remember that this type of operation such as the Fifth Column which was used in the first part of the Second World War and that through infiltration and subversion tactics allowed the Germans to penetrate the target countries before the invasions They managed to enter Poland Belgium Holland and France in a month and Norway in a week The effectiveness of this tactic has been clearly demonstrated n several wars and can be used effectively by the Freedom Commandos The activities of the Armed Propaganda Teams run some risks but no more than any other guerrilla activity However the Armed Propaganda Teams are essential for the success of the struggle 6 Conclusions In the same way that the explorers are the eyes and ears of a patrol or of a column on the mar
51. la recherche d un terrain d entente et de conciliation Sese A 39 588 8 16784 Fran ais Page 3 Devant les difficult s oppos es par certains gouvernements d Am rique centrale la signature imm diate de la version r vis e de l Accord le Nicaragua estime qu il appartient Contadora de redoubler d efforts afin de susciter une volont de paix de la part des gouvernements et d obtenir l approbation de l Acte dans les meilleurs d lais possibles C est donc au Groupe de Contadora que reviendrait l initiative de convoquer une r union au sommet des chefs d Etat d Am rique centrale et du Groupe de Contadora afin de stimuler la volont et les d cisions politiques n cessaires une acceptation claire et nette de l Accord en vue de la signature de ce dernier ce qui ouvrirait la voie de la paix en Am rique centrale En cette p riode o le Nicaragua se trouve confront une recrudescence de la guerre d agression et o se pr parent d importantes op rations visant d truire la R volution populaire sandiniste nous sommes pr ts continuer favoriser au maximum une solution n goci e aux probl mes que conna t la region et r affirmons par la m me occasion notre engagement de d fendre le droit l autod termination la souverainet et l ind pendance du Nicaragua Le Coordonnateur du Conseil du Gouvernement de reconstruction du Nicaragua Sign Daniel Ortega SAAVEDRA ame sae aire dm NATIONS UNIES
52. ld always be prepared with simple slogans in order to explain ta the people whether in an intentional form or by chance the reason for the weapons The weapons will be for winning freedom they are for you With weapons we can impose demands such as hospitals schools better roads and social services for the people for you Our weapons are in truth the weapons of the people yours With weapons we can change the Sandino Communist regime and return to the people a true democracy so that we will all have economic opportunities All of this should be designed to create an identification of the people with the weapons and the guerrillas who carry them Finally we should make the people feel that we are thinking of them and that the weapons are the people s in order to help them and protect them from a Communist totalitarian impertalist regime indifferent to the needs of the populatton 3 Implicit and Explicit Terror A guerrilla armed force always involves implicit terror because the population without saying it aloud feels terror that the weapons may be used against them However ff the terror does not become explicit positive results can be expected In a revolution the individual lives under a constant threat of physical damage If the government polfce cannot put an end to the guerrilla activities the population wilt lose confidence tn the govern ment which has the inherent mission of guaranteein
53. m the antithesis between heart an oran comes about judgment should always prevail characteristic of a leader 3 Political Oratory Political oratory is one of the various forms of oratory and it usually fulfills one of three objectives to instruct persuade or move and fts method is reduced to urging asking ordering questioning and responding Oratory fs a quality so tied to political leadership that it can be said that the history af political orators is the political history of humanity an affirmation upheld by names such as Cicero Demostenes Danton Mirabeau Robespierre Clemenceau Lenin Trotsky Mussol nt Hitler Roosevelt etc k 4 Qualities in a Speech In general terms the most appreciated qualities of a speech and specifically a political speech in the context of the psychological action of the armed struggle are the following Be short and concise a length of five minutes line missing in Spanish text p 83 that of the orator who said If you want a two hour speech 1 11 start right now if you want a two minute one let me think a while Centered around the theme the speech should be structured by a set of organized ideas that converge on the theme A good speech is expressed by concepts and not only with words Logic The ideas presented should be logical and ecsily acceptable Never challenge logic fn the mind of the audience since immediately the main thing is lost cred bili
54. nce increases This should be a gradual process in order to prevent confessions from fearful individuals who have been assigned very difficult or dangerous missions too early Using this recruitment technique our guerrfllas will be able to successfully infiltrate any key target group in the regime in order to improve the internal control of the enemy structure 3 Established Citizens Subjective Internal Control Established citizens such as doctors lawyers businessmen land holders minor Stace officials etc will be recruited to the movement and used for subjective internal control of groups and associations to which they belong or may belong Once the recruitment involvement has been brought about and has progressed to the point that trust allows that specific instructions be given to internal cadres to begin to influence their groups instructions will be given to them to carry out the following The process is simple and only requires a basic kuowledge of the Socrates dialectic that is the knowledge that 1s inherent to another person or the established position of a group some theme some word or some thought related to the objective of persuasion of the person in charge of our recruitment theme The cadre then must emphasize this word or thought tn the discussions or meetings on the target group through a casus commentary which fmproves the focus of other members of the group in relation te this Specific example
55. nly promises they will say others said the same thing but ne We are different we are Christians we consider God a witness to our words Preteriticn is an artifice pretending discretion and something ts said with total clarity and indiscretion For example If I were not obligated te keep military secrets I would tell all of you of the large amount of armaments that we have so that you would feel even more cone fidence that our vistory fs assured Communication is a way to ask and give the answer to the same question For example If they show disrespect for the ministers of God will they respect us simple citizens Never kk Rhetorical questions are a way tn which one shows perplexity or inabiiity to say something only as an oratorical recourse For example I am only a peasant and can tell you little T know little and I will not be able to explain to you the complicated things of politics Therefore 1 talk to you with my heart with my simple peasant s heart as we all are Litof es is a form of meaning a lot by saying little For example The nine commanders have stolen little just the whole country Irony consists of getting across exactly the opposite of what one is saying For example The divine mobs that threaten and kill they are indeed Christians Amplification is presenting an idea from several angles For example Political votes are the power of the people in a democracy An
56. nment and they hinder the development of the economic and social potertial of those like him who have desires of overcoming this which is unjust and arbitrary e Social and intellectual criticisms They should be directed at the professionals professors teachers priests missionaries students and others Make Chem see that their writings commentaries or conversations are cengored which does not make it possible to correct these problems nee the needs and frustrations of the target groups have been determined the hostility of the people to the false groups will become more direct against the current regiae and its system of repression The people will be made to see that ence this system or structure has been eliminated the cause of their frustrations would be eliminated and they would be able to fulfill their desires Tt should be shown to the population that supporting the insurrection fs really supporting thelr am desires rales the democratic movement fs aimed at the elimination of these specific ess Fins 26 As a generc rule the Armed Propaganda teams should avoid par ticipating in combat However if this fs not possible they should react as a guerrilla unit with tactis of hit and run causing the enemy fhe greatest amount of casualties with aggresstve assault fire recovering enemy weapons ano trdraving rapidly One exception to the rule to avoid combat will be when in the town they are challenged
57. nvenu les faits tels qu iis sont expos s aux paragraphes 1 et 2 ci dessus pourraient facilement tre tablis et corrobor s de fa on bjective Je vous ai fait part des faits relat s ci dessus le 16 occobre 1984 8624496 39360 PF fasa 8 16787 Fran ais Page 2 Je tiens galement demander que le texte de la sr sente lettre soit distribu comme document du Conseil de s curit Le Repr sentant permanent Sign M Birabhongse KASEMSRI ee ow noe NATIONS UNIES S Conseil de s curit D E 8 16788 18 octobre 1984 ORIGINAL 2 FRANCAIS LETTRE DAT E DU 18 OCTOBRE 1984 ADRESSEE AU PRESIDENT DU CONSEIL DE SECURITE PAR LE REPRESENTANT PERMANENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE POPULAIRE LAO AUPRES DE L ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES Me r f rant la lettre du Repr sentant permanent de la Tha lande aupr s de l Organisation des Nations Unies adress e au Secr taire g n ral de l Organisation des Nations Unies le 17 octobre 1984 et reproduite dans le document publi sous la cote 5 16787 d ordre de mon gouvernement j ai l honneur de porter votre connaissance les pr cisions suivantes l La d claration tha landaise contenue dans la lettre pr cit e selon laquelle il n y a plus aucune pr sence militaire ou administrative tha dans les trois villages n est qu une manoeuvre destin e leurrer l opinion publique internationale En r alit il s agit d un red ploiement des force
58. olice of the regime if he or she does not cooperate When the guerrillas carry out missions of armed propagande and a program of r gular vistts to the towns by the Armed Propaganda Teams these contacts will provide the commandos with th names and places of persons who can be recruited The recruitment which will be voluntary s done through visits by guerrilla leaders or political cadres After a chain of voluntary recruftments has been developed and their trustworthiness has been estabished by carrying out small missions they will be instructed about fncreasing widening the chatn by recruiting in specific target groups in accordance with the following procedure From among their acquaintances or through observation of the target groups political parties workers unions th groups agrarian associations etc finding aut the personal habits preferences and aversions as well as the weaknesses of the recruftable individuals Make an approach through an acquafntance and if possible de velop a friendship attracting him through his preferences or weaknesses tt might be inviting him fer Tunch in the restaurant of his chofce or having a drink in his favorite cantina or an invitation te dinner fn the place he prefers Recruitment should follow one of the following guidelines If in an informal conversation the target seems susceptible to voluntary recruitment based on his beliefs and personal values etc
59. operations Group discussions raise the Spirit and improve the unity of thought of the guerrilla squads and exercise social pressure on the weak members to carry out a better role in future training or in combative action Self criticism is in terms of one s contribution or defects fn his contribution to the cause to the movement the struggle etc and gives a positive individual commitment to the mission of the group The desired result is a guerrilla who can per thant rely justify his actions when he comes into contact with any member of the People of Nicaragua and especially with himself and his fellow guerrillas in with the vicisitudes of guerrilla warfare This means that every guerrilla will be persuasive in his face to face communication propagandist combatant in his contact with the ple he should be able to give 5 or 10 logical reasons why for example a peasant should give him cloth needle and thread to mend his clothes When the guerrilla behaves in this manner enemy propaganda will never succeed fn making him an enemy fn the eyes of the people It also means that hunger cold fatigue and insecurity will have a meaning psychologically tn the cause of the struggle due to fis constant orientation S55 3 Armed Propaganda Armed propaganda includes every act carried out and the good impression that this armed force causes will result in positive atti tudes in the population toward that force and t does not
60. opulation The selection of the staff is more important than the training because we cannot train guerrilla cadres just to show the sensations of ardor and fervor which are essential for person to person persuasion is important but even more important is tre training of persons who are intellectually agile and developed An Armed Propaganda Tegm includes from 6 to 10 members this number or a smaller number fs ideal since there fs more camaraderie solidarity and group spirit The themes to deal with are assimilated more rapidly and the members react mcre rapidly to unforeseen situations 7 In addition to the combination as armed cropagandist combatant each member of the team should be well prepared to carry out permanent person to person communication face to face The leader of the group should be the commando who fs the most highly motivated pol tically and the most effective n face to face persuasion The position hierarchy or range will not be decisive for carrying out that function but rather who is best qualified far communication with the people The source of basic recruitment for guerrilla cadres will be the same social groups of Nicaraguans to whom the psychological aaa is directed such as peasants stude ts professionals housewives etc The campesinos fpeasants should be made to see that they do not have lands the workers that the State is putting an end to factories and industries the doctors that they are
61. or subiect do not try to change these sentiments through provocation Relative difficulty of controlling the person who will replace the target The person who will replace the target should be chosen carefully based on Degree of violence necessary to carry out the change Degree of violence acceptable to the population affected Degree of violence possible without cau ag damage or danger to other individuals in the ares of the target Degree of reprisal predictable by the enemy on the population affecter or other individuals in the aras of the target The mission to replace the individual should be followed by Extensive explanation within the population affected of the reason why it was necessary for the good of the people Explain that Sandinista retaliation fs unjust indiscriminate and above all justification for the execution of this mission Carefully test tho reaction of the people toward the mission as well as control this rextion making sure that the populatinn s reaction ts beneficial towards the Freedom Commandos 6 Conclusions Armed propaganda includes all acts executed and the fmpact achieved by an armed force which as a result produces positive attitudes in the population toward this force and it does not include forced indoctrination However armed propaganda is the most effective available instrument of a gucrritia force faos 18 An armed guerrilla force can occupy an en
62. pulation 4 Armed Propaganda Teams Armed Propaganda Teams EPA are formed through a careful selection of persuasive and highly motivated guerrillas who move about within the population encouraging the people to support the guerrillas and put up resistence against the enemy It combines a high degree of political awareness and the armed propegence ability of the guerrillas toward a planned programmed and controlled effort The careful selection of the staff based on their persuasiveness in informal discussions and thefr ebilfty in combat fs more important than their degree of education ur the training program The tactics of the Armed Propagan s Teams are carried out covertly and should be parallel to the tactical effort fin guerrilla warfare The knowledge of the psychology of the population fs primary for the Armed Propaganda Teams but much more intelligence data will be obtained from an EPA program in the ares of operations 5 Development and Control of the Front Organizations The development and control of front or facade organizations ts carried out through subjective internal control at group meetings of inside cadres and the calculations of the time for the fusion of these combined efforts to be applied to the masses Translator s notes See page 1 for a more detailed explanation of this tem which has been translated literally foes 6 Established citizens doctors lawyers businessmen
63. r size or amount of land The objective should be the people and not the territorial area In this respect each work team will be able to cover some six towns approximately in order to develop popular support for our movement The Team should always move in a covert manner within the towns of their area They should vary their route radically but not their itinerary This is so that the inhabitants who are cooperating will be dependent on their itinerary t e the hour in which they can frequently contact them to give them the information The danger of betrayal or an ambush can be neutralized by varying the itinerary a little using different routes as well as arriving or Teaving without previous warning Whenever the surprise factor is used vigilance should be kept in order to detect the possible presence of hostile elements No more than three continuous days should be spent fn a town The limit of three days has obvious tactical advantages but it also has a psychological effect on the people on seeing the team as a source of current and up to date information Also it can overexpose the target audience and cause a negative reaction Baste tactical precautions should be taken This is necessary for greater effectiveness as wes indicated in dealing with the subject fois 2h of Armed Propaganda and when it is carried out discreetly it increased the respect of the people for the team and inc
64. reases their credibility The basic procedures are covert elements that carry out vigilance before and after the departure and in intervals There should be two at Teast and they should meet at a predetermined point upon a signal or fn view of any hostile action The tsam s goal is to motivate the entire population of a place but to constantly remain aware that defined target groups exist within this general configuration of the public Although meetings May he d in the population the cadres should recognize and keep in contact with the target groups mixing with them before during and after the meeting The methodcfor holding this type of meeting was included in the topic Armed Propaganda and will be covered in greater detail under the title Control of Mass Meetings and Demon strations The basic focus of the Armed Propaganda cadres should be on the residents of the town where their knowledge as formers of opinion can be applied In the first visits of identification with the inhabitants the guerrilla cadres will be courteous and humble They can work in the fields or in any other form n which their abilities can contribute to the improvement of the living style of the fnhabi ARA the place winning their trust and talking with them helping them to repair the fences of their cattle the cleaning of the same collaborating in the vaccination of their animals teaching them to read f e closely together in all t
65. roup of guerrillas infiltrated within the masses this can be carried out they will have the mission of agitating by giving the impression that there are many of them and that they have a arge popular backing Using the tactics of a force of 200 300 agitators amp demonstration can be created in which 10 000 20 000 persons take part 7 Support of Contacts with their Roots in Reality The support of local contacts who are familiar with the deep reality is achievad through the exoloftation of the social and political weaknesses of the target society with propagandist combatant guerrillas armed propaganda armed propaganda teams cover organizations and mass meetings The combat antpropagandist guerrilla is the result of a continuous program of indoctrination and motivation They will have the mission of showing the people how great and fair our movement fs tn the eyes of ali Nicaraguans and the world Identifying themselves with our people they will incres se the sympathy towards our movement which will result fn greater support of the population for the freedom commandos taking away support for the regime tn power ate Armed propaganda will extend this identification process of the people with the Christian guerrillas providing converging points against the Sandinista regime The Armed Propaganda Teams provide a several stage program of per suasive planning in guerrilla warfargin all areas of the country Also these teams
66. rried out by a close identification with the people at any occasion For example Putting aside weapons and working side by side with the peasants in the countryside building fishing repairing roofs transporting water etc When working with the people the guerrillas can use slogans such as many hands doing small things but doing them together Participating tn the tasks of the people they can establish strong tie between them and the guerrillas and at the same time a popular support for our movement is generated During the patrols and other operations around er in the midst of villages each guerrilis should be respectful and courteous with the people In addition he should move with care and always be well prepared to fight if necessary But he should not always see all the people as enemies with suspictons or hostility Even in war ft is to smile laugh or greet people Truly the cause of our revolutionary base the reason why we are struggling is our people We must be respectful to them on all occasions that present themselves In places and situations wherever possible e g when they are resting during the march the guerrillas can explain the operation of weapons to the fake 4 youths and young men They can show them an unloaded rifle so that they will learn to load it and unload it their use and aiming at imaginary targets since they are potential recruits for our forces The guerrillas shou
67. rry out face to face persuasion about the struggle Courtesy visits should be made to the prominent persons and these with prestige in the place such as doctors priests teachers etc The guerrillas should instruct the population that with the end of the operative and when the Sandinista repressive forces interrogate them they may reveal EVERYTHING about the military operation carried gut For example the type of weapons they use how many men ar ived from what direction they came and in what direction they left tn short EVERYTHING In addition indicate to the population that at meetings or fn private discussions they can give the names of the Sandinista fnformants who will be removed together with the ether officials of the government ef repression 219 IV ARMED PROPAGANDA TEAMS APTs 1 Generalities In cortact with the very reality in their roots fn a psychological operation campaign in guerrilla warfare the comandantes will be able to obtain maximum psychological results from an Armed Propaganda Team program This section is to inform the guerrilla student ss to what Armed Propaganda Teams are in the environment of guerrilla warfare 2 Combination Political Awareness and Armed Propaganda The Armec Propaganda Teams combine political awareness building with armed propaganda which will be carried out by carefully selected guerrillas preferably with experience in combat for personal persuasion within the p
68. rs or we and they friends and enemies fellow countrymen and foreigners mestizos and gringos i The Armed Propaganda Team can use this principle in its activities so that it fs obvious that the exterior outside groups false groups are those of the Sandinista regime and that the interior inside groups true groups that fight for the people are the Freedom Commandos We should inculcate this in the people in a subtle manner so that these feelings seem to be born of themselves spontaneously Against is much easier than for It fs a principle of political science that it easter to persuade the people to vote against something or someone than to persuade them to vote in favor of something or someone Although currently the regime has not given the Nicaraguan people the opportunity to vote it is known that the people will vote tn opposition so that the Armed Propaganda Teams can use this principle in favor of our insurrectional pugs ie They should ensure that this campaign is directed specifically against the government or its sympa thizers since the people should have specific targets for their frustrations Primary Groups and Secondary Groups Another principle of sociology is that we humans forge or change our opinions from two sources primarily through our association with our family comrades or intimate friends and secondarily through distant associations such as acqua
69. rsion r vis e par la suite ce qui a t d menti par les contre r volutionnaires eux m mes Cette attitude officielle des Etats Unis permet de penser que les enqu tes ordonn es par le pr sident Reagan et qui seront effectu es par diverses instances de la CIA elle m me ne sont qu une manoeuvre aux r sultats fort sujets caution destin e tranquilliser l opinion publique nord am ricaine La v rit c est que le document refl te fid lement la philosophie de l artuel Gouvernement des Etats Unis d Am rique et sa position touchant le respect du droit international et de la Charte des Nations Unies Il refl te aussi les v ritables objectifs que le Gouvernement des Etats Unis d Am rique poursuit en menant sa sale guerre contre le Nicaragua Je vous serais oblig de bien vouloir faire distribuer la pr sente lettre et l annexe jointe en tant que document officiel de l Assembl e g n rale au titre des ra 68 124 126 et 129 de son ordre du jour ainsi que du Conseil de urit Repr sentant pers ag a de Q EEEE des Nations Unies e Sign Javier CHAMORRO MORA ils Annex PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WARFARE by Tayacan Means atei TEA Lengua ces October 18 1968 po ae CONTENTS PREFACE Is Introduction II Combatant Propagandist Guerrilla 111 Armed Propaganda IV Armed Propaganda Teams V Development and Control of Front Organizations VI Control of Mass Concentrations and M
70. ry thought and political cadre The principles for guerrilla group discussions are Organize discussion groups at the post or squad level A cadre cannot be sure of the comprehension and acceptance of the concepts and conclusions by guerrillas in large groups In a group of the size of a squad of 10 men the judgment and control of the situation s greater In this way all students will participate in an exchange among them the political leader the group leader and also the political cadre Special attention will be given to the individual ability to discuss the objectives of the tnsurrectional struggle Whenever a guerrilla expresses his opinton he will be interested in listening to the opinions of others leading as a result tu the unity of thought Combine the different points of view and reach an opinion or common conclusion This fs the most difficult task of a political querrilla cadre After the group discussions of the democratic objectives of the movement the chief of tre team of political cadres of the guerrilla force should combine the conclustons of individual groups in a general summary At a meeting with all the discussion groups the cadre shall provide the principal peints and the guerrillas will have the opportunity to clarify or modify their points of view To carry this out the conclusions will be summarized in the form of slogans wherever possible Face with honesty the national and local problems of our struggle
71. s des fins tactiques ceci a t confirm par le porte parole de l arm e de terre tha landaise dans ss d claration faite devant la presse le 16 octobre Bangkok 2 En d portant pr s de 900 villageois lao en Tha lande celle ci pr tend que ces gens ont quitt volontairement leurs foyers et leurs biens C est 14 un argument quelque peu simpliste car ceux qu ont r ussi fuir cette d portation massive ont confirm la d claration que la d l gation lao a faite devant le Conseil de s curit le 9 octobre dernier au sujet des mesures r pressives et vexatoires commises par les troupes thaflandaises d occupation contre les villageois 3 La Tha lande insiste sur la formation d une soi disant quipe mixte de techniciens pour v rifier le trac frontalier sur place Contrairement ce que pr tend la Tha lande le trac frontalier cet endroit est tr s nettement d limit per les accords franco siamois de 1904 et de 1907 et suit la ligne de partage des eaux autrement dit tout ce qui descend vers le M kong est lao et tout ce qui descend vers le Menam est siamois Les trois villages sont sur la rivi re Houei Luang qui descend vers le M kong I1 ne s agit donc pas de fronti re artificielle Une tude du D partement d Etat am ricain du 18 septembre 1962 a aussi reconnu que la fronti re fix e par le trait de 1507 tait absolument 64 345 7 35569 F faae 8 16788 Fran ais Page 2 conforme la ligne de par
72. s are 31 Economic interest groups are motivated by profits and generally feel that the system hinders the use of their capability in this effort in some way taxes import export tariffs trans portation costs etc The cadre fn charge will increase this feeling of frustration in later conversations Political aspirants particularly if they are not successful feel that the system discriminates against them unfairly limiting their capabilities because the Sandinista regime does not allow elections The cadre should focus political discussions towards this frustration Intellectual social critics such as professors teachers priests missionaries etc generally feel that the government ignores their valid criticism or censors their comments unjustly especially in a situation of revolution This can easily be shown by the guerrilla cadre as an injustice of the system at meetings and discussions For all the target groups after they have established frus trations the hostilfty towards the obstacles to their sspirations will gradually become transferred to the current regime and its system of repression The guerrilla cadre operating mixed among the target groups should always maintain a low profile so that the development of hostile feelings towards the false Sandinista regime seems to come spontaneously from the members of the group and not from suggestions of the cadre This fs internal subjective control Anti go
73. s the unemployment offices fn order to hire them for unspecified jobs The recruitment of these wage earners is necessary because a nucleus is created under absolute orders The designated cadres will arrange ahead of time the transportation of the participants tn order to take them to meeting places in private or public vehicles boats or any other type of transportation Other cadres will be designated to design placards flags and banners with different slogans or key words whether they be partial temporary or of the most radical type Other cadres will be designated to prepare flyers posters signs and pamphlets to make the concentration more noticeable This material will contain instructions for the participants and will also serve against the regime Specific tasks will be assigned to others in order to create a martyr for the cause taking the demonstrators to a confrontation with the authorities in order to bring about uprisings or shootings which will cause the death of one or more persons who would become the martyrs a situation that should be made use of inmediately against the regime in order to create greater conflicts Way to Lead an Uprising at Mass Meetings it can be carried out by means of a small group of guerrillas SAT infiltrated within the masses who will have the mission of agitating giving the impression that there are many of them and that they have popular backing Usin
74. slogans and eventually to incite violence if he wishes Agitators of rallying cries and applause They will be trained with specific instructions to use tried rallying cries They will be able to use phrases such as WE ARE NUNGRY WE WANT BREAD WE DON T WANT COMMUNISM Thefr work and their technique for agitating the masses fs quite similar to those of the leaders of applause and slogans at the high school football or baseball games The objective is to become more adept and not just to shout rallying cries 6 Conclustons ET It is a revolutionary movement of guerrilla warfare the mass concen trations and protest demonstrations are the principle essential for the destruction of the enemy structures 39 VIT MASSIVE IN DEPTH SUPPORT THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS 1 Generalities The separate coverage in these sections could leave the student with some doubts Therefore all sections are summarized here tn order to give a clearer picture of this book 2 Motivation as Combatant Propagandist Every member of the struggle should know that his political mission is as important if not more important than his tactical mission 3 Armed Propaganda Armed propaganda fn small towns rural villages and city residential districts Bhould give the impression that our weapons are not for exercising power over the peaple but rather that the weapons are for protecting the people that they are the power of the people against
75. society that fs vulnerable or recruitable this also includes the popular masses and sympathizers of our movement The basic objective of a preconditioning campaign is to create a negative image of the common enemy 8 9 Descr be the managers of collective government entities as trying to treat the staff the wey slave foremen do The police mistreat the people like the Communist gestapo does The government officials of National Reconstruction are puppets of fussian Cudan imperial ion Gur psychological wer cadres will create compulsive obsesstons of a temporary nature fn places of public concentrations constantly hammering Pis away at the themes pointed out or destred the same as in group gatherings in informal conversations expressing discontent tn addition passing out brochures and flyers and writing editorial ar ticles both on the radio and in newspapers focused on the intention of oreparing the mind of the people for the decisive moment which will erupt in general violence In order to facilitate the preconditioning of the masses we should often use phrases to make the people see such as The taxes that they pay the government do not benefit the people at ell but rather are used as a form of exploitation in order to enrich those governing Make it plain to the people that they have become slaves that they are betng explotted by privileged military and political groups The foreign
76. tage des eaux En r alit la formation du m canisme d enqu te propos e par la Tha lande visait avant tout remettre en question la fronti re h rit e de l poque coloniale ce qui constituera un pr c dent dangereux et portera atteinte au principe universellement reconnu d intangibilit des fronti res historiques Je vous prie de bien vouloir faire distribuer la pr sente lettre comme document du Conseil de s curit L Ambassadeur Repr sentant permanent Sign Kithong VONGSAY een mR a NATIONS AS UNIES Distr GENERALE A 39 596 8 16789 22 octobre 1984 FRANCAIS ORIGINAL ESPAGNOL ANGLAIS Assembl e g n rale Conseil de s curit ASSEMBLEE GENERALE CONSEIL DE SECURITE Trente neuvi re session Trente neuvi me ann e Points 25 68 124 126 et 129 de l ordre du jour LA SITUATION EN AMERIQUE CENTRALE MENACES CONTRE LA PAIX ET LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALES ET INITIATIVES DE PAIX EXAMEN DE L APPLICATION DE LA DECLARATION SUR LE RENFORCEMENT DE LA SECURITE INTERNATIONALE REGLEMENT PACIFIQUE DES DIFFERENDS ENTRE ETATS RAPFORT DU COMITE SPECIAL FOUR LE RENFORCEMENT DE L EFFICACITE DU PRINCIPE DU NON RECOUXS A LA FORCE DANS LES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES RAPPORT DU COMITE SPECIAL POUR L ELASORATION D UNE CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE RECRUTEMENT L UTILISATION LE FINANCEMENT ET L INSTRUCTION DE MERCSNAIRES le repr sentant permanent du Nicarague aupr s de 1 Nations
77. tion see that t the Sandinista regime ends the repression the corruption backed by foreign powers etc the freedom commandos would not have had sic to brandish arms against brother Nicaraguans which goes against our Christian sentiments If the informant hadn t tried to escape he would be enjoying life together with the rest of the population becsuse he would not have tried to inform the enemy This death would have been avoided ff justice and freedom existed in Nicaragua which fs exactly the objective of the democratic guerrilla 5 Selective Use of Violence for Propagandistic Effects It fs possible to neutralize carefully selected and planned targets such as court judges mesta T judges police and State Security officials CDS chiefs etc For psychological purposes it is necessary to take extreme precautions and it is absolutely necessary to gather together the population affected so that they will be present take part tn the act and formulate accusations against the oppressor The target or person should be chesen on the basis of Vives The spontaneces hestility that the majority of the population feels toward the target Use rejection or potential hatred by the majority of the population affected toward the target stirring up the population and making them see all the negative and hostile actions of the individual against the people If the majority of the people give their support or backing to the target
78. tire town or smal city which fs neutral or relatively passive in the conflict In order to conduct the armed A matt tn an effective manner the following should be carried out simultaneously Destroy the military or police installations and remove the survivors to a public place Cut all the outside lines of communication cables radio Messengers Set up ambushes in order to delay the reinforcements in all the possible entry routes Kidnap at official or agent of the Sandinista government and replace them fn public places with military or civilfan persons of trust fo our movement in addition carry out the following Establ si i public tribunal that depends on the guerrillas and cover the town or city in order to gather the population for this event Shame ridicule and humfliate the personal symbols of the government of repression in the presence of the people and foster popular participation through guerrillas within the multitude shouting slogans and jeers Reduce the influence of individuals in tune with the regime pointing out their weaknesses and taking them out of the town without damaging them publicly Mix the guerrillas within the population and show very good conduct by all members of the column practicing the following Any article taken will be paid for with cash The hospitality offered by the people will be accepted and this opportunity will be exploited in order to ca
79. to the peasants or the listeners trying to be as simple as possible in order to be understood The tactical objectives for identification with the people are the following To establish tight relations through identification with the people through their very customs To determine the basic needs and desires of the different target groups To discover the weaknesses of the governmental control Little by little to sow the seed of democratic revolution in order to change the vices of the regime towards a new order of justice and collective well being In the motivation of the target groups by the Armed Propaganda Teams the cadre should apply themes of true groups and themes of false groups The true group will correspond to the target group and the false one to the Sandinista regime Far the economic interest groups such as small businessmen and farmers ft should be emphasized that their potential progress is limited by the Sandinista government that resources a e scarcer and scarcer the earnings profits minimal taxes high etc This can be applied to entre preneurs of transportation and others For the elements ambitious for power and social positions ft will be emphasized that they will never be able to belong to the governmental social class since they a e hermetic in their circle of command Example the nine Sandinista leade do not allow other persons to participate in the gover
80. ty As far as possible it is recommended that all speeches be based on a Tour which the orator should adjust in his exposition For example those governing get rich and are thieves the Sandinistas have enriched themselves governing then the Sandinistas are thieves This could be the point af a speech on the administrative orruption of the regime When an fdea or a set of guiding ideas do not st in a speech confusion and dispersion easily arise S Structure of a Speech Absolute improvisation does not exist fn oratory All orators have a mental plan that allows them to organize their ideas and concepts rapidly with practice ft fs possible to come to do this in a few seconds almost simultaneously with the expression af the word The elements that make up a speech are given below in a structure that we recommend always putting into practice to those who wish to more and more improve thefr oratorical abilities Introduction or Preamble one enters inte contact with the public a personal introduction can Se made er one of the movement to which we belong the reason for our presence etc In these first seconds it is important to make an impact attracting attention and provoking interest in the audience For that purpose there are resources such as beginning with a famous phrase or a previously prepared slogan telling a dramatic or humorous story etc Purpose or enunciation the subject to be dealt with is defin
81. ufldings Boats roads horses oxen for transportation fishing agriculture Problems that they may have in the place with residents offices of the regime imposed visitors etc Forced Tabor service in the militias Forced membership in Sandisista groups such as women s clubs youth assocfations workers groups etc eoAvailability and prices of consumer articles and of basic needs fn the grpcery stores and shops of the place Characteristics of education in the public schools eoAnxfety of the people over the presence of Cuban teachers in the schools and the intruston of politics f e using them for political ends and not educational ones as should be over the lack of freedom of worship and persecution of which priests are victims and over the participation of priests such as Escoto and Cardenal in the Sandinista government against the explicit orders of his Holiness the Pope ROTE Members of the team can develep other themes fess 2i The target groups for the Armed Propagande Teams are not the persons with sophisticated political knowledge but rather those whose opinions are formed from what they see and hear The cadres should use persuasion to carry out their mission Some of the persuasive methods that they can use are the following Intertor Group Exterior Group It is a principle of psychology that we humans have the tendencyto form personal associations from we and the othe
82. ures de confiscation de terres et de biens et l instensification de l implantation de colonies 3 La R union de coordination a examin le rapport du Comit des six sur la Palestine qui s est r unie au Sicge de l Organisation des Nations Unies le 2 octobre 1984 et a d cid de le transmettre au Groupe islamique en l appelant d ployer des efforts en vue de mettre en ceuvre les recommandations qu il cenferse et ce dans le cadre de son action au cours de la pr sente session de l Assembl e g n rale 4 La R union a examin la situation dramatique qui d coule de la guerre entre l irag et l Iran qu entre dans sa cinqui me ann e Elie a r affirm cet gard les r solutions adopt es par les pr c dentes conf rences islamiques 5 La R union a examin la situativa en Afghanistan la lumi re du rapport pr sent par le Secr taire g n ral de 1 OCI sur les travaux du Comit islamique sur l Afghanistan Dens ce document 11 est fait notamment mention de l expos exhaustif fait per le repr sentant du Pakistan sur le gravit de la situation en Afghe istan caract ris e par la persistance de l occupation trang re de ce pays islemique ainsi que sur l accroissement du nombre de r fugi s afghans particuli rement au Pakistan o leur noubre atteint 3 millions Elie a adopt cet gard un projet de r solution pr sent par le Pakistan et que le Groupe islamique pr sentera la session actuelle de 1 Assen
83. vernmental hostility should be generalized and not neces sarily in our favor If a group develops a feeling in our favor it can be utilized But the main objective fs to precondition the target groups for the fusion in mass organizations later in the operation when other activities have been successfully undertaken 4 Organizations of Cells for Security Internal cadres of our movement should organize into cells of three persons oolyione of them maintaining outside contact The cell of three persons fs the basic element of the movement with frequent meetings to receive orders and pass information to the cell leader These meetings are also very important for mutually reinforcing the members ef the cell as well as their morale They should exercise criticism of themselves on the realization or failures in carrying out individual subjective control missions The coordination of the three member cell provides a security net for reciprocal communication each member having contact with only an operational cell The members will not reveal st the cell coordination COMANDANTE DE ZONA fr has A fr u a a aX AN A J AN IN A Sen ene operational cel Line come y Lines of contact IN Eno evita una resecci n en a cadena 3i cuniquier chivia 23 th a she intiiwado and knowledge within che cell This prevents a chain reaction if any cell is infiltrated gids Line of contact and outsidelof the cell
84. xt rieures des pays du Groupe de Contadora dans leur lettre du 7 septembre dernier par laquelle ils affirmaient que cette derni re version est le r sultat de consultations intensives vigant faciliter un consensus qui aboutisse l adoption d engagements juridiques par toutes les parties Ces n gociations ont donn lieu des efforts particuli rement importants pour tenir compte des divers int r ts et concilier les diff rentes positions Le Gouvernement nicaraguayen estime que le moment est venu pour que se concr tisent les nobles efforts de Contadora en vue d instaurer la paix dans la r gion A cet gard nous souhaitons exprimer la pr cecupation que nous inspire la convocation d une r union des ministres des relations ext rieures d Am rique centrale demand e r cemment par le Gouvernement hendurien Le Nicaragua estime que le texte r vis de l Accord de Contadora est l aboutissement de consultations intensives et qu il n appelle done pas d autres n gociations destin es apporter des amendements cu des modifications de fond De toute mani re les modifications mineures que pourrait n cessiter l Accord de Contadora ne justifient pas une r union des ministres des relations ext rieures d Am rique centrale Par ailleurs le Nicaragua estime qu une telle r union sens la participation du Groupe de Contadora nufirait ses efforts de paix et ne ferait qu ascin rir l oeuvre positive qui vient d tre r alis e dans
85. y contrary element In that way the commarder will know where our agitators are and will be able to send orders to change passwords or slogans or any other unforeseen thing and even eventually to incite violence if he desires it At this stage ance the key cadres have been dispersed they should place themselves in visible places such as by signs light posts and other places which stand out e Qur key agitators should avoid places of disturbances once they have taken car of the beginning of the same Defense Posts These clements will act as bodyguards in movement forming a ring of protection for the chief protecting him from the police and the army or helping him to escape if it should be necessary They should be highly discipiined and will react only upon a verbal order from the chief in case the chief participates in a religious concentration a funeral or any other type of activity fn which they have to behave in an organized fashion the bodyguards will remain in the ranks very close to the chief or 38 to the placard or banner carriers in order to give them full protection The participants in this mission should be guerrilla combatants in civilfan clothes or hired recruits who are sympathizers in our Struggle and who are against the oppressive regime These members must have a high discipline and will use violence only on the verbal orders of the one in charge of them Mes ngers They should rem

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