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Optimisation des données de forage

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1. TM UN CRM Cost eme Hain Ju cie C 9 D ee e UA E Rr amp n 8F jaa amp Tiawjiesv ms exxscco or A 7 5 007846 3112 OSM 000 QAR TES 0024573074 026142 O D233 0 00620 1325 044518 Nit GONE Ears 021142 ODDS IAD E272 001800 1054 O2 Ooni 25 0023 C8 T4 OSTA OCOOTSIB8 407 027306 Ba ose 0009051 803 002045 3622 07544 DDOOGOS4 O H2s4 000877 6073 oade O00 5OB6 1747 Bons dodga 1855 Sen Odoras 115078 005 Bahco 00e amp 681 oceans a cosa DA 001Xv 26 72 008528 0000095 62 Mors 0122261005 081249 00205 b336 0m6211717 06154 0 0617 0 0471 1 6 621 0 60502 loi x GE ut sa tm 68 992 XS A 2WQOD o Sieve Curve jrenz iren zs Din foe ixzz dc ce Court pResetPoran JoolectParan arss LCircle CS neazah esta 3 1 thin dba 222 MoadD ate thin dba WErsateChart 1 thin dbs AaxisMh jSetchact 1 GPR_DAR 10 FALSE 0 ec nie race rise ET md PCreatuaChart 2 thin dba DCirc jJBetChasrt 2 G0R LINE 10 FALSE Melfile thin dbs Major axis length cm Equivalent diameter cm Cape Mb Ttae Het Figure 14 Vue du logiciel d analyse d image C I A qui accompagne le CoreScan http www terraplus ca CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 15 D SOREM Jd Disssrdiuss de reeherehic Jl n expleration mintrale 3 APPLICATIONS ET ETUDES DE CAS Dans cette section du
2. EL PA minirale Drill Core Digital Output External Sensor Fast Scanning Data Storage Data Averaging Standard Components from the first 20 mm of the sample Thus small amounts of local mineralization will not distort the measured values The KT 9 automatically corrects for dril core diameters thereby providing corrected data immediately to the user The core diameters are specified in 1 centimeter increments from 3 to 12 centimeters A special value of 2 54 is used to specify a 1 inch diameter core The KT 9 can be connected to a laptop computer and special software is supplied to enable the instrument to be remotely controlled by the computer This permits the user to enter identification codes and to start and stop scanning of data Thus logging of drill cores can be directly correlated to core labels and profile scanning related to location An external coil is available for scanning of narrow core samples This coil may also be mounted on an extendible handle to facilitate ground sampling from a standing position When an external sensor is connected the internal sensor is automatically disconnected The KT 9 has an automatic SCAN mode to allow larger areas to be scanned quickly for changes in susceptibility The scan rate is three readings per second three times faster than the KT 5 Up to 10 readings can be stored in the KT 9 s internal memory This data is retained even if the unit is powered off
3. Thunehed 2003 bas e sur Parasnis 1997 2 Figure 2 Le syst me MS2 de Bartington sisi 4 Figure 3 Le syst me automatique de la compagnie ASC pour les mesures de susceptibilit magn tique sur carottes de forage 5 Figure 4 Le DCS 1 de Giscogeo sssesssssssssssseeeeeene nene nnnnnnan nnne nnns nena ann n nnns sss nna ann nnns sn nna 5 Figure 5 Radiation lectromagn tique des rayons gamma aux ondes radio en passant par la lumi re visible et l infrarouge http www pimausa com 9 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage i D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile Figure 6 Diagramme composite montrant les spectres typiques de plusieurs min raux d alt ration des roches pour les longueurs d onde d tect es par le PIMA d apr s WNOMOS OLS Ae 1999 10 Figure 7 Diagrammes montrant les spectres typiques de plusieurs min raux pour les longueurs d onde d tect es par le PIMA d apr s Thompson et al 1999 Il est possible de diff rentier les vari t s de chlorite d alunite de carbonates etc 10 Figure 8 Le prototype HyLogger de CSIRO source ccceccseeseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeeeeseeaaeeeesensaaees 12 Figure 9 Une vue d une version plus ancienne du prototype HyLogger de CSIRO source Jon Huntington commun pers 2006 12 Figure 10 Analy
4. Uranium zoning High sulfidation et low sulfidation se rapportent des types de gites pithermaux Voici deux exemples d applications du PIMA aux g tes de sulfures massifs volcanog nes et un exemple d application pour un indice aurif re pithermal Parys Mountain Grande Bretagne Le PIMA a t test en collaboration avec le British Geological Survey sur des carottes de forages du gite de sulfures massifs volcanog nes Parys Mountain Anglesey Mining plc http www angleseymining co uk Ce gite de 6 5 Mt 10 Zn Cu Pb combin s est d ge Ordovicien et demeure le plus important de son type en Grande Bretagne L interpr tation des mesures PIMA a permis d identifier des assemblages min ralogiques distincts qui ont t int gr s dans le mod le 3D du g te Denniss et al 1999 Ces donn es apporteraient une meilleure compr hension du syst me et l acquisition de mesures PIMA L int gration de celles ci dans le mod le 3D pourrait permettre d identifier de nouvelles cibles de forages dans l objectif d augmenter les r serves de minerai Parys Mountain CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 20 Pe CONSOREM PA n exploration min rale Sulphur Springs Australie Un autre test du PIMA sur un g te de sulfures massifs volcanog nes a t effectu en Australie Les gisements du district de Panorama dans le craton arch en de Pilbara sont peu d form s et bien expos s Huston et al 1999
5. OPTIMISATION DES DONNEES DE FORAGE Projet 2005 08 Par Pierre Simon Ross Ph D Avril 2006 CONSOREM p Consortium de recherche en exploration min rale e AVERTISSEMENT Ce document pr sente certains r sultats des travaux de recherche du CONSOREM Consortium de Recherche en Exploration min rale rendus publics pour le b n fice de l ensemble de la communaut g ologique ceci apr s la p riode de confidentialit pr vue aux r glements g n raux du CONSOREM Bien que ce document ait subi un processus d valuation interne des erreurs ou omissions peuvent s y retrouver et seul CONSOREM en assume la responsabilit Le contenu du document demeure la propri t de son auteur et du CONSOREM et peut tre reproduit en totalit ou en partie des fins non commerciales en citant la r f rence suivante Ross P S 2006 Optimisation des donn es de forage Rapport Projet CONSOREM 2005 08 77 p Toutefois la reproduction multiple de ce document en tout ou en partie pour diffusion des fins commerciales est interdite sauf avec la permission crite de CONSOREM CONSOREM Universit du Qu bec Chicoutimi 555 boulevard de l Universit Chicoutimi QC G7H 2B1 T l 418 545 5011 poste 5634 Courriel consorem 2uqac ca Site Web www consorem ca Projet CONSOREM 2009 10 Perm abilit crustale dans le Moyen Nord qu b cois guides d exploration g ophysique pour l or l uranium et le
6. c GR 320 enviSpec Portable Gamma Ray Spectrometer http www geomatrix co uk gr3209620new htm OVERVIEW APPLICATIONS FEATURES CONSOREM The GR 320 enviSpec is a portable gamma ray spectrometer that is accurate and easy to operate This instrument provides real time results for mineral exploration The GR 320 enviSpec is intended for use as a mineral exploration tool suited for Exploration geologists and geophysicists Mineral exploration companies Superficial and bedrock mapping geologists Individual prospectors The GR 320enviSpec measures potassium equivalent thorium concentrations in situ virtually in real time See photo Key features include 256 512 channel operation software selectable One or two detector input size range of 21 to 512 cu ins Automatic spectrum stabilization internal or natural isotope 8regions of interest set from the keyboard High linearity ADC with zero dead time Choice of coincidence or anti coincidence operation Exposure rate mode isotope analysis for environmental data Assay mode for geophysical data 96K ppm eU eTh Large internal data memory with input capability for GPS position RS 232 serial digital output facilitates spectrum ROI and GPS data Rechargeable standard or alkaline battery operation Full remote control capability Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 93 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reeh
7. ow Magnesite 1 400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Wavelength inm b Portable infrared mineral analyser PIMA FABRICANT Spectral International inc http www pimausa com pima2 html CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 97 EA PA minirale Fees Requirements US 3000 1 month rental US 2500 month 1 3 months US 2000 month 4 months and longer http www ga gov au pdf Corp0054 pdf The PIMA is a spectrometer that measures the infrared 1300 2500 nm wavelength radiation reflected from illuminated geological samples Light interacting with the molecular bonds of a sample is absorbed at wavelengths that characterise the sample and causes a spectral response These characteristic absorption features can be used to identify minerals particularly hydrous minerals commonly formed during hydrothermal alteration The PIMA spectra did not detect carbonate minerals even though background altered andesite contains significant ankerite calcite This apparent inconsistency results from the requirement for a high abundance of carbonate minerals before PIMA will detect them The PIMA spectra do not indicate the presence of other hydrous minerals in the samples analysed http www terraplus ca products properties index html PIMA SP FiELD PORTABLE INFRARED SPECTROMETER The PIMA SP field portable spectrometer was designed to allow the geologist to measure laboratory standard spectra of rocks and minerals in the
8. trale Peters B et Buck P 2000 The Maggie Hays and Emily Ann nickel deposits Western Australia a geophysical case history Exploration Geophysics Melbourne v 31 p 210 221 Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 14th international conference and exhibition Perth West Aust Australia March 12 16 2000 Thompson A J B Hauff P L et Robitaille A J 1999 Alteration Mapping in Exploration Application of Short Wave Infrared SWIR Spectroscopy SEG Newsletter no 39 Williams N C et Dipple G 2005 Identifying sulfide mineralization from physical property measurements and its application to mineral exploration inversions Abstracts with Programs Geological Society of America v 37 p 23 Wolfgram P et Golden H 2001 Airborne EM Applied to Sulphide Nickel Examples and Analysis Exploration Geophysics v 32 p 136 140 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 2 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile ANNEXE A APPLICATIONS DE LA GEOPHYSIQUE EN FORAGE PREDICTION DE LA LITHOLOGIE ET DE L ALTERATION Cette annexe se veut un compl ment d information sur ce qui a t dit la section 3 3 sur le contr le des teneurs m talliques en environnement minier par la g ophysique en forage L industrie p troli re utilise depuis longtemps la g ophysique multi param tres en forage pour pr dire notamment la lithologie avec beaucoup de succ s puisque les basins
9. www terraplus ca et le fabricant distribuent ce syst me Il peut aussi tre lou chez Fugro Instruments Sa sensibilit est de 2 x 10 unit s SI KV Figure 2 Le syst me MS2 de Bartington Plusieurs senseurs peuvent se connecter la console principale dont le MS2C qui est une plaque verticale perc e d un trou circulaire o l on ins re horizontalement les carottes de forage Ainsi toute la circonf rence de la carotte est analys e en m me temps haute r solution plut t que seulement un point comme avec les autres appareils Cette m thode devrait diminuer l h t rog n it des mesures Le MS2C est disponible pour seize diam tres de carottes diff rents diam tre du trou du senseur entre 36 et 162 mm Chaque mesure de susceptibilit magn tique prend environ 1 s L UQAM a obtenu la soumission suivante de TerraPlus probablement en 2003 MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility Meter with RS 232 interface inclusive of AC mains 3 580 US adaptor for 110V or 220V connecting cables and Multisus Software MS2C Core Logging Sensor standard sizes available 10 6 more for others 3 025 US Equipment carrying case 965 US s agit probablement du prix pour un seul senseur MS2C ll est aussi possible d acqu rir un syst me d analyse automatis contr l par ordinateur qui pousse la carotte automatiquement dans l ouverture du MS2C et enregistre les donn es sur disque dur Un tel syst me Figure 3
10. The average of up to the 10 stored readings can also be displayed This allows for very accurate measurement of uneven surfaces while in the PIN mode as well as improved data quality for smoother surfaces while in the NO PIN mode Complete field unit includes KT 9 battery RS 232 cable and software leather carrying case and instruction manual http www saic com products security kt 9 CONSOREM Fabricant Exploranium G S Ltd Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 39 EA AN PA Sert tale e KT 6 Kappameter htto www geoafrica co za reddog kappameter magsusc htm The KT 6 is the state of the art in Magnetic Susceptibility Meters The field geologist will find it an indispensable tool as it allows fast easy and accurate analysis of rock samples This portable hand held unit can be used in the field by geologists to analyse and classify rock types or core samples The data can be transmitted via serial channel RS 232 to a computer to immediate evaluation and graphic representation The KT 6 has a maximum sensitivity of 1 x 10 SI units 0 8 x 10 6 cgs units This allows the unit to accurately measure very low level susceptibility for reliable identification of sedimentary rocks and other weakly magnetised minerals However the system is fully auto ranging and can measure up to a maximum of 999 x 10 3SI units without operator adjustment Thus over the entire operational range the KT 6 delivers highl
11. accommodant des carottes jusqu 5 pieds de longueur 1 5 m est fabriqu et distribu par ASC Scientific de Californie http www ascscientific com CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 4 E herehe Conscrnuss de rozh en exploration mbncrale Figure 3 Le syst me automatique de la compagnie ASC pour les mesures de susceptibilit magn tique sur carottes de forage Une alternative existe le DCS 1 de Giscogeo http www giscogeo com Cet appareil p se 118 kg mesure 1 8 m et se branche dans une prise de courant AC il ne peut donc gu re tre consid r comme portable En revanche il mesure la susceptibilit magn tique sensibilit 10 unit s SI et le rayonnement gamma en continu tous les centimetres Il est aussi possible de d terminer les pourcentages de U Th K gr ce des mesures ponctuelles L appareil est contr l par ordinateur et un moteur avance automatiquement la carotte jusqu 1 m de long Figure 4 Figure 4 Le DCS 1 de Giscogeo 2 2 Conductivit lectrique La conductivit lectrique mesure l habilit d un mat riel conduire un courant lectrique Elle se mesure en siemens par m tre S m On classe les mat riaux en trois cat gories selon leur conductivit lev e pour les conducteurs comme les m taux faible pour les isolants comme le verre et interm diaire pour les semi conducteurs La r sistivit est l inverse de la conductivit lectrique C e
12. 3 2 Signal audio M moire Temps de 5 Transfert vers ES perse Port s rie RS 232 Port s rie RS 232 Port s rie RS 232 Port USB Sensibilit 1 x10 5 unit s SI 1 x10 5 unit s SI 1 x 10 5 unit s SI 1 x 10 3 unit s SI Pile Li ion 3400 mAh pour le PockelPC Picus z Pile 9V 150 h Deux piles AA 25h piles Ni Mh g rechargeables pour la sonde Cent fois moins Seul appareil offrant une sensible que les correction automatique Le m me autres appareils 2 pour le diam tre de la distributeur offre mais mesure aussi carotte plusieurs autres la conductivit appareils pour la lectrique Soumission de TerraPlus susceptibilit l UQAM 1900 en magn tique Possibilit d entrer le 2002 No du trou la profondeur etc Pointe pin ou plat Pointe pin ou plat Plat 5 rie 1 Les appareils suivants sont disponibles en location chez Fugro Instruments KT 9 KT 6 KT 5 GMS 2 2 Le MPP EM2S permet tout de m me de d tecter des concentrations en magn tite d environ 0 04 par volume selon la figure 1 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 3 BA SOREM d nscrtiuss de recherche Jl n expleration mintrale Dans le cas o la portabilit de l appareil est moins importante le syst me MS2 Figure 2 de Bartington Instruments Ltd http www bartington com du Royaume Uni constituerait un bon choix Fugro Instruments http www fugroinstruments com TerraPlus http
13. FICHES TECHNIQUES DES APPAREILS 1 CONSOREM Susceptibilit magn tique Susceptibilit des roches et des min raux Types de mat riaux Conversion des susceptibilit s en pourcentage de magn tite KT 9 Digital Magnetic Susceptibility Meter KT 6 Kappameter GMS 2 Magnetic Susceptibility Meter MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System DCS 1 Gamma ray and magnetic susceptibility core scanner MPP EM2S Multi Parameter Probe oceoocm N Conductivit lectrique a GCM 2 Hand Held Conductivity Meter Radiom trie a GR 110 Gamma Ray Scintillometer b GR 135G Handheld Gamma Ray Spectrometer c GR 320 enviSpec Portable Gamma Ray Spectrometer Analyse spectrale a Spectrom trie infrarouge b Portable infrared mineral analyser PIMA c TerraSpec Analyse spectrale automatis e a HyLogger Fluorescence X a Analyseur XHF portable Niton b XRF Core Logger Num riseur optique de carottes a CoreScan Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 31 a CONSOREM Conant de pechenche en exploration min rale 1 SUSCEPTIBILITE MAGNETIQUE a Susceptibilit des roches et des min raux http www earthsci unimelb edu au ES304 MODULES MAG NOT ES rocksus html MATERIAL BULK SUSCEPTIBILITY X 10 3 SI MATERIAL BULK SUSCEPTIBILITY X 1043 SI AIR 0 LIMESTONES 0 3 QUARTZ 0 01 SANDSTONES 0 20 ROCK SALT 0 01 SHALES 0 01 15 CALCITE 0 001 0 01 SCHIST 0 3 3 SPHALERITE 0 4 GNEISS 0 1 25 PYRITE 0 05 5 S
14. asp fabrique des appareils portables utilisant la fluorescence X pour d terminer la composition chimique des alliages des sols ou des roches Figure 10 Au Canada ces appareils sont distribu s exclusivement par Elemental controls http www elementalcontrols com Figure 10 Analyseur XRF portable Niton Le Niton XLi 512 p se environ 800 g et peut contenir un ou deux isotopes parmi un choix de trois Cd Am Fe qui ciblent chacun un sous ensemble d l ments aux nombres de 49 57 et 23 respectivement Des temps d exposition de 60 ou de 120 secondes sont possibles Le calibrage de l appareil est automatique et il poss de une m moire interne de 3 000 spectres Les donn es peuvent tre transf r es vers un ordinateur gr ce un port s rie L appareil fonctionne sur des piles au Li 4 6 heures rechargeables Cet appareil ne permet pas d obtenir une analyse compl te des l ments pr sents dans une roche puisqu il ne d tecte pas la silice l aluminium le sodium le magn sium ni aucun l ment au num ro inf rieur 16 dans le tableau p riodique Par contre la plupart des m taux valeur conomique et de nombreux l ments traces peuvent tre d tect s entre 0 3 et 100 96 Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Zr Nb Mo Pd Ag Sn Hf Ta W Rh Pb Bi entre 15 et 20 000 ppm mode Compton Cr Mn Fe Co Cu Ni Zn As Rb Sr Zr Nb Se Mo Pd Ag Cd Sn Sb Ba Pb Sur des roches non
15. built into the system Data Storage he GR 320 enables the operator to select combinations of ROI spectra and GPS data to be stored in an internal memory capacity 384 kbytes or output via an RS 232 port 690 full spectra or 3574 sets of ROI data can be stored Display An LCD graphics display is used to display computed data as well as full spectra data Digital Output Bidirectional serial RS 232 output port with operation up to 19200 Baud is provided Data is fully buffered so that 1 sec data transfer of full spectrum data does not interfere with data acquisition Power The GR 320 is powered by a rechargeable battery pack with built in charger or by 9 15V DC external power The following power options are also available a battery pack for operation with 6 D type alkaline batteries and a power attachment permitting operation from 14 40V DC This wide range of abilities allow the GR 256 to be used by a variety of users including Uranium Exploration Laboratory Analysis Vehicle Mobile as well as Environmental Analysis applications 4 ANALYSE SPECTRALE a Spectrometrie infrarouge http www unr edu geothermal pdffiles CalvinStanford05 pdf Optical and infrared spectroscopy has been used since the 1960 s to identify specific rocks and minerals e g Farmer 1974 Hunt 1977 The technique hinges on the interaction of light with geologic materials that absorb specific wavelengths creating a fingerprint signature The resulting
16. de nickel Au cours des ann es 1990 une quipe d exploration australienne a entrepris une campagne de recherche de sulfures de nickel dans des cumulats ultramafiques coul es komatiitiques l int rieur d une ceinture de roches vertes arch ennes craton de Yilgarn quelque 500 km l est de Perth Peters et Buck 2000 Le gisement de nickel Maggie Hays tait d j connu sulfures massifs semi massifs 200 500 m sous la surface et des mesures p trophysiques sur les carottes de forage ont montr que la min ralisation tait fortement conductrice et magn tique Suite une phase de test la m thode TEM au CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 16 D SOREM PA ie eros mi n E sol a t s lectionn e pour l exploration dans le secteur cette m thode a permis la d couverte du gisement Emily Ann compos de sulfures de nickel massifs et situ 3 km au nord de Maggie Hays 120 m sous la surface Une extension du gisement Maggie Hays a aussi t localis e de cette facon Figure 15 Les mines souterraines de Maggie Hays et Emily Ann sont op r es par LioOre http www lionore com operations lakejohnston asp 262000 m 263000 m 264000 m 265000 m 266000 m IS BF Ultramafic 1 Felsic volcanic INN Massive ore Figure 15 Section transversale gisement de nickel Maggie Hays North d apr s Wolfgram et Golden 2001 3 1 2 Gisements d uranium de type discordance Les gisements d uranium de type d
17. des tudes d alt ration sur des gisements de sulfures massifs volcanog nes des indices aurif res des indices de type Olympic Dam etc 3 1 S lection de m thodes g ophysiques pour l exploration de gites similaires Supposons qu un gisement est d j connu dans un secteur donn et qu on d sire en localiser des extensions ou d couvrir d autres gites similaires dans le m me secteur Pour savoir quelle m thode g ophysique employer on pourrait en tester plusieurs sur le gite connu en s lectionner une ou deux parmi les plus efficaces puis partir la p che Mais afin de r duire les co ts de cette phase de test et d am liorer notre compr hension du gisement on pourrait d abord mesurer les propri t s physiques des zones min ralis es connues pour tenter de pr dire quelle m thode sera la plus efficace Ces mesures seront normalement effectu es sur des carottes de forage Sp cifiquement on voudra mesurer M thode g ophysique Propri t s physique s Magn tom trie Propri t s magn tiques Gravim trie Densit pas d appareils portables EM R sistivit et susceptibilit magn tique Sismique Propri t s acoustiques pas d appareils portables Deux exemples de ce type de d marche sont abord s une campagne d exploration priv e pour des gites magmatiques de nickel en Australie et une tude conjointe gouvernement industrie dans le bassin uranif re d Athabasca au Canada 3 1 1 Gites magmatiques
18. diamant i D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile RESUME Le forage au diamant repr sente fr quemment la partie la plus co teuse d une campagne d exploration mini re Durant un programme de forage ambitieux plusieurs milliers de m tres de carottes pourront tre g n r s N anmoins les donn es obtenues sur les carottes demeurent souvent limit es aux descriptions qualitatives d un ou plusieurs g ologues et aux analyses chimiques g n ralement pour les l ments reli s la min ralisation l est pourtant possible d obtenir davantage d informations souvent rapidement et relativement faible co t en mesurant plusieurs propri t s physiques chimiques ou min ralogiques des carottes de forage Parmi les propri t s physiques qui peuvent tre mesur es avec des appareils portables c d petits l gers robustes et fonctionnant piles notons la conductivit lectrique la susceptibilit magn tique et le rayonnement gamma Ces trois param tres sont notamment tr s utiles connaitre lors de la planification et ou l interpr tation de lev s g ophysiques EM magn tom trie radiom trie Ce rapport compare plusieurs appareils pour chaque propri t physique et discute des applications possibles de ces mesures gr ce des tudes de cas gisements d uranium de type discordance gites magmatiques de nickel et or m sothermal Plusieurs types de gisements sont associ s a
19. eee SL a poinis Aux Aux Li Au BS 1 L 0 6 1 1 BH 0 2 0 6 EM 0 1 0 2 BN 0 1 Figure 18 Comparaison du pourcentage de micas blancs et de l abondance d or dans un forage du prospect Barns d apr s Keeling et al 2004 La quantification des micas blancs provient de l analyse hyperspectrale HyLogger mais les valeurs en or sont obtenues par d autres m thodes Comme mentionn e ci dessus la possibilit de visualiser simultan ment les min raux d alt ration tels que d tect s par le HyLogger et une image num rique de la carotte pour un intervalle de forage donn e est une caract ristique tr s int ressante de cette technologie Figure 19 http www pir sa gov au pages minerals remote hylogger htm sectID22392 amp templD 1 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 24 a CONSOREM E Conant de recherche en exploration mincrale l Mineral Figure 19 Visualisation des types de carbonates avec le HyLogger source affiche de CSIRO Le graphique de gauche montre la proportion d ank rite CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 29 D SOREM 4 TT ium de re hes he tale a 4 REFERENCES Bolin B J et Moon T S 2003 Sulfide detection in drill core from the Stillwater Complex using visible near infrared imaging spectroscopy Geophysics v 68 p 1561 1568 Coggon J 2003 Magnetism key to the Wallaby gold deposit Exploration Geophysics Melbourne v 34 p 125 130 Australian Soci
20. new and exciting applications for spectrometry are being explored ASD is well known for its expertise and novel thinking in providing practical real time solutions At the core of each ASD instrument is the modular Goetz Spectrometer This combined with the ability to interface with many different probes and sampling accessories allows for maximum flexibility and customization to your specific application need With ASD technology one spectrometer and a few accessories are all you need for a world of unique applications TerraSpec is a compact and field portable precision instrument with a full spectral range 350 2500 nm a 6 to 7nm spectral resolution and rapid data collection 1 10 th of a second per spectrum Including ASD s fiber optic mineral probe the TerraSpec system is lightweight ultra rugged and affordable SPECIFICATIONS Spectral Range 350 2500 nm Spectral Resolution 3 nm 700 nm 6nm 1400 nm 7nm Q 2150 nm Scanning Time 100 milliseconds Detectors One 512 element Si photodiode array 350 1000 nm Two separate TE cooled graded index InGaAs photodiodes 1000 2500 nm CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 61 BM SOREM PA ie rh mi n E Input Detachable SMA 905 style 1 5 m fiber optic cable Weight 12 5 lbs or 5 66 kg Size 5 x 14 5 x 11 5 H x W x D or 12 7 cm x 36 83 cm x 29 21 cm Notebook Computer Sold separately recommended Panasonic Toughbook CONSO
21. operating frequency 10 kHz Susceptibility unit PC interface RS 232C serial Power supply 110 220 V 60 50Hz Dimensions 180 x 60 x 62 cm Weight 118 kg Standard accessories two measuring trays for 36mm and 100mm cores box for sheading material two pads for sample distance adjustment PC communications cable RS 232 Software for IBM compatible computer with Windows 95 or later operation manual CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 42 m de recherche n expleration min rale EM an i MPP EM2S Multi Parameter Probe htto www gddinstrumentation com NewSite Measures magnetic susceptibility amp electrical conductivity simultaneously bd New Graphic Mode Wf LEAM 4 E L Gr ce la sonde MPP EM2S il est maintenant possible de confirmer instantan ment les propri t s des sulfures contenus dans des chantillons de roches pr lev s la surface ou provenant de vieilles et nouvelles carottes de forage La sonde Multi Param tres MPP EM2S d tecte la susceptibilit magn tique 10 SI ainsi que les valeurs de conductivit relative et absolue MHOS M de petits et gros objets tels que carottes de forage chantillons pr lev s sur le terrain blocs erratiques indices min ralis s etc Les valeurs sont affich es en temps r el pour interpr tation imm diate et peuvent tre sauvegard es et transf r es un PC pour interpr tation future Un signal son
22. rapport des applications tudes de cas sont pr sent es pour la plupart des mesures physico chimiques ou min ralogiques discut es dans la partie 2 Pour les param tres p trophysiques conductivit lectrique susceptibilit magn tique rayonnement gamma les applications les plus videntes sont la s lection de m thodes g ophysiques pour l exploration mini re section 3 1 et l aide la mod lisation g ophysique de gisements section 3 2 Une tude r cente tente galement de pr voir les vari t s de sulfures dans les carottes de forage partir de mesures de densit et de susceptibilit magn tique section 3 3 1 D autres chercheurs ont plut t test le potentiel de l analyse spectrale pour la d termination du pourcentage de sulfures sur des carottes de forage section 3 3 2 L introduction de la section 3 3 mentionne galement le potentiel de la g ophysique en forage pour le contr le des teneurs m talliques en environnement minier L application classique du PIMA en exploration mini re est la d termination des min raux d alt ration hydrothermale section 3 4 L analyse hyperspectrale automatis e a essentiellement le m me objectif mais le HyLogger section 3 5 produit en plus une image digitale continue de la carotte de forage qui permet de comparer l aspect visuel de la roche avec les min raux d alt ration d tect s Plusieurs tudes de cas sont pr sent es pour les deux appareils PIMA et HyLogger dont
23. semi cylindrical fiberglass boat which is pulled through the sensor s using a stepping motor with power being transmitted to the boat via a Kevlar CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 40 EA Pd n rale reinforced cog belt The core boat rides on two rails covered with replaceable low friction UHMWPE extrusion The system includes a PC and ASC s MAGTRAK Software which controls movement of the core and collects displays and stores the susceptibility and or other data Please contact ASC Scientific at jtoth ascscientific com for a price quotation FABRICANT ASC Scientific 2075 Corte del Nogal Suite T Carlsbad CA 92011 USA Tel 800 272 4327 Fax 760 431 0904 h DCS 1 Gamma ray and magnetic susceptibility core scanner http www giscogeo com pages gfcrscn html Automatic laboratory instrument for precise gamma ray and magnetic susceptibility measurements of drill cores and sediment samples Geological surveys K U Th assays Sedimentology Artificial radioactivity detection The DCS 1 provides continuous precise measurements on drill cores or other soil and rock samples placed in plastic measuring trays Magnetic susceptibility and dose rate of gamma ray are measured simultaneously in 1 cm steps along 1m long samples After continuous scanning the spectral measurement with consequent analysis of K U Th concentrations on chosen parts of samples is available The DCS 1 equipped with automati
24. spectrum contains information on both the primary elemental composition as well as crystallographic coordination At shorter wavelengths the optical and infrared 0 4 to 2 5 m the resulting spectrum is most sensiti ve to iron oxides oxyhydroxides and alteration cations water hydroxyl carbonate e g Clark 1999 Gaffey 1997 In the infrared 5 to 6Qm absorption features from various classes of silicates are apparent Hook et al 1999 Christensen et al 2000 Instruments have been developed so the spectra of samples can be quickly and directly measured in the field as well as in the lab e g http www asdi com Korb et al 1996 http www petrascience com PIMA pimaframe htm CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 99 E d de reeherehe en exploration mincrale DISCRIMINATION ENTRE LES MINERAUX Refledance 95 EU Actinalite a 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 CHIMIE DES MINERAUX Wavelength nm K Alunite N X Ma Alunite Vn VN Y i 7 EK Alunite SM VA MH Alunite V Wf 1400 1500 1800 2000 2200 2400 Wavelength nm Reflectance 96 Ca Ki Alunite Reflectance 99 1400 7600 1800 2000 z400 Wavelength nim CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 96 EM P zn exploration min rale n minirale rf IM g rich Chlorite Fe rich Chlorite Reflectance 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Wavelength nm Reflectance
25. sur demande 10 000 mesures 0 2 1 s Port s rie RS 232 Poids 3 600g 4 piles AA 6 h Notes 0 00 0 D velopp en collaboration avec AMIRA Australian Mineral Industry Research Association Une soumission de TerraPlus l UQAM dat e de 2002 indiquait un total de l ordre 6 300 pour le GCM 2 incluant les capteurs BQ NQ HQ PQ et AQ CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 6 EM 4 narium de recherche n expleration min rale 2 3 Rayonnement gamma Trois l ments chimiques contribuent fortement la radioactivit naturelle des roches le thorium le potassium et l uranium On utilise le rayonnement gamma pour d tecter passivement ces l ments Deux sortes d appareils sont pertinents pour l exploration mini re les scintillometres Tableau 3 qui mesurent simplement le rayonnement gamma total c s et les spectrometres Tableau 4 qui differentient U K et Th Voir aussi le DCS 1 ci dessus pour un spectrometre gamma de laboratoire Tableau 3 Caract ristiques d un scintillom tre portable Nom complet GR 110 Gamma Ray Scintillometer xploranium G S Ltd www terraplus ca Distributeurs WWW Saic com www fugroinstruments com Senseur Cristal interne de 4 5 pouces cube Oui Poids 1 5 kg JJ O Deux piles D 100 h Exploranium est une division de SAIC httpz www saic comy CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 7 1 min rale
26. this mode the system can be set to cycle at a regular rate 1min 1hr and store data in memory This mode is intended for long term local site monitoring Data can be total count rate or full spectrum recording All functions of the GR 135G can be controlled remotely from an external computer or modem This instrument is well balanced and housed in a rugged aluminum case with full weather proofing including short term water immersion Operating temperature range is 10 C to 509C Size is 4 0 x 9 0 x 3 5 101 x 228 x 89mm Weight is 51 Ibs 2 2kgs including internal battery The GR 135G is powered by 2 D cell alkaline batteries permitting typically 30 hours of operation at 25e C Rechargeable D cells also can be used The supplied battery charger permits recharging overnight without removing the batteries Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 52 D SOREM PA ie eios mi n E Functions Display Connectors Measurement mode setting survey analyses calibrate stabilize exposure rate Internal parameter setting exposure rate units alarm threshold energy range time of measurement data output integration time Spectrum display moving cursor vertical rage Start Stop and Menu switching High contrast 128 x 128 dots backlit graphic display in back panel RS 232 serial port external charger Standard Components GR 135G carrying strap RS 232 cable and software shipping case and instruction manual
27. to 106 ohms Sensor frequency Inductive mode 15 625 kHz to 2 MHz Galvanic mode DC Flat coil for planar measurements and test leads for GALVANIC measurements as standard Optional Air cored coils specific to standard core sizes sensor type CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 47 D SOREM PA rh mi a RM Response time Operating mode Storage interval Memory Data output Baud ratet Power source Battery life Meter case Temperature range Relative humidity Dimensions Weight Standard accessories Optional accessories Less than 1 second after zeroing has been performed Zeroing takes 10 seconds Single or Continuous Reading Continuous at 1 2 10 30s 1 2min or on command 10 000 readings in a circular buffer RS232 ASCII format giving sequence number conductivity and frequency Selectable 300 to 9600 baud 4 x 1 5 Volts AA Alkaline Batteries 6 hours continuous operation at 50mA Low battery indicator and auto shutdown provided Water Resistant O ring seal Operating 0 to 50 degrees Celsius Storage 40 to 60 degress Celsius 10 to 90 percent non condensing 100mm x 180mm x 45mm with standard coil Approx 600 grams Sturdy Plastic Pelican Carrying case Sensor coils to suit AQ BQ NQ HQ PQ cores Special sensors to order Sturdy field case for optional coils 3 RADIOMETRIE Spectrometre diff rentie U K Th
28. tre mentionn bien que tr s dispendieux est le CoreScan l s agit d un num riseur optique de carottes d abord d velopp a des fins de pr servation des informations de sondages caroth que num rique A partir de ces images on peut mesurer la distribution granulom trique les fractures avec leur orientation et int grer des descriptions qualitatives dans une base de donn es CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage i D SOREM Jd Disssrdiuss de reeherehic Jl n expleration mintrale TABLE DES MATIERES 1 BAER OCU ON este ccc gece MH 1 EI RODICA 0 1 1 2 Objectifs et contenu du rapport seeesssessssssssssssseseeeeenn nennen nnne nnn nnns nnns nna nnn 1 2 Pr sentation des appareils 255 2 2 1 Susceptibilit magn tique seian ii a aAa nennen nnne nnn nnn nnn nnns nnns arn nnn nnns 2 2 2 Conductivit elecirique uiuo ien cirea breues aeu can dn e nnas aut eskecisdesRes Selen x ad iexgaxdatestissidiesta cas unKRnSs 5 2 3 Rayonnement GAMMA cccccssscccccssececcessecccsaeeecceuseecssuseeessaueeecseuseesssaseeessageeesseueeeessaseesssageees 7 2 4 Spectrom trie infrarouge cccccssssccccccesssececcceeseeceeccaeueeceessaueeceeseeaeeeeesesaeeeeesseageeeesssaageeeeesaas 8 20 Ahalyseur XRF DORA E m UT 13 2 6 Num riseur optique de carottes siennes 14 3 Applications et tudes de cas ssecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeesssssssssseeeeeeeeesesaa
29. well as providing an early indication of geotechnical and or metallurgical issues in an ore system Adapted from Huntington J et al 2004 Automated mineralogical logging of core from the Emmie Bluff iron oxide copper gold prospect South Australia PACRIM 2004 Congress Adelaide SA 19 22 September 2004 p 223 230 AusIMM Pub Series No 5 2004 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 65 CONSOREM Conant i de pevherche en cagdoration min rale 5 1 2 4 Further Information and Reading For further information on the HyLogger program please contact Dr Alan J Mauger PIRSA Mr John L Keeling PIRSA Telephone 08 8463 3062 Telephone 08 8463 33135 Keeling J Mauger A Huntington J 2004 Spectral core logger update preliminary results from the Barns gold prospect MESA Journal 33 pp 32 36 pdf file 2Mb AUTOMATED MINERALOGICAL LOGGING OF DRILL CORES CHIPS amp PULPS CSIRO POSTER Spectrometer subsystem Telescope Core tray Calibration transfer standards Automatic X Y transport subsystem Control computer subsystem The Spectral Geologist TSG log screen views provide visual links between the interpreted mineralogy and digital core photography CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 66 Conan ies d en exploration minirale BM SOREM d Disi de recherche TSA Mrerall 0 008 0 O65 Scope TSA Group Carbonates JOTE point Aus In
30. z z 8 8 8 S S 7 7 z 8 8 5 3 5 B S S fs 8 L g S 00 bh Gamma ray density and magnetic susceptibility logs from hole R5603 in the Kam kotia Mine Area Ontario To produce a pseudo geological log boundaries between homogeneous zones on the geophysical logs left are selected and shown in the centre of the figure The zones with similar amplitudes are assigned similar patterns to produce the pseudo geological on the right CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE A 29 ICONSOREM Conscmiuss de recherche en exploration min rale ANNEXE B IMAGERIE DU TROU DE FORAGE ll est possible d obtenir une image compl te 360 du mur du trou de forage en y descendant une cam ra num rique au bout d un c ble comme pour les autres diagraphies La sonde OBI 40 Optical Televiewer distribu e par TerraPlus par exemple est quip e d un module d orientation permettant d obtenir des images orient es pour des fins d analyse structurale Le module d orientation comprend des magn tometres et des acc l rom tres site web Les images obtenues sont tr s semblables celles fournies par le CoreScan elles sont continues pour tout le trou de forage pas de sections manquantes et elles sont tr s pr cis ment orient es http www terraplus ca products borehole obi40 htm CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE B 30 D SOREM P4 e rire j 2 ke 5 ANNEXE C
31. 5 cm 3 kg Shipping Case for Pima 49 x 40 x 20 cm 13 kg Case with PIMA all accessories Wavelength Range 1300 2500nm Spectral Resolution 7nm Spectral Sampling Interval anm Signal To Noise Ratio SNR 3500 1 to 4500 1 32 Integration levels for Sample and Reference Measurements speeds from 10 seconds to around 5 minutes Specialized Digital Signal Processing DSP producing high quality data 1Cm PbS Detector with TE Cooler to provide 8 Degree C temperature stability Internal 10 Watt stable lamp source Wavelength calibrations around 0 5 1 5nm RMS Built in wavelength calibration target Built in Gold Reference target Built in Memory calibration for Gold and Petri dishes Built in 12Volt 2 5A H battery CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 99 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile THE PIMA SP IS SUPPLIED WITH A COMPLETE KIT THAT INCLUDES 110 240v power supply and battery charger Battery packs 2 Battery belt Carry strap Manuals hardware and software Site License for PIMAVIEW Analysis Software PC Acquisition software for Windows 95 98 NT PalmTop Acquisition software Water proof shipping case Traveling bag Petri dishes for use with pulps and soils PIMAVIEW 3 1 Advanced Visualisation and Analysis of Spectra for Windows 95 98 NT PimaView Highlights Multiple Spectrum Graphing Stack 1000s of Spectra Col
32. 875 1578 for schedule of no cost radiation safety and instrument training in your area Additional on site operational training provided at no charge upon instrument delivery Outside USA Please contact your local NITON representative for training information Minimum 12 month limited warranty parts and labor Additional warranties and optional extended warranties and service contracts vary by country Please contact NITON or your local NITON representative for details 11 5 x 3 5 x 3 0 29 2 cm x 8 9 cm x 7 6 cm High strength dust proof splash proof injection molded plastic housing Temperature range 20 to 122 F 7 to 50 C Two rechargeable 4 to 6 hour lithium ion battery packs with hot swapping capability for uninterrupted instrument operation Internal lithium backup battery AC battery charger included Battery pack recharge time 2 hours Locking carrying case Shielded belt holster Spare lithium ion battery pack 110 220 VAC battery charger PC connection data cable NITON Data Transfer NDTO PC Software Safety Lanyard Test Stand w integrated shielding for operator safety Complete sample collection and preparation accessories HotfootT heat shield with one foot extension pole facilitates testing of samples up to 800 F 427 C telescoping extension pole Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 70 b XRF Core Logger http www kochi u ac jp marine core WWWCMCR_E Instruments_E Instruments_ P
33. EA Tableau 4 Comparaison de certains spectrometres gamma portables GR 135G Handheld Gamma Ray GR 320 Portable gamma ray opectrometer spectrometer Exploranium G S Ltd Exploranium G S Ltd www terraplus ca www fugroinstruments com vente et location s Cristal interne de 4 5 pouces cube Cristal de A pouces OS pours d tecteur dit portable 10 000 chantillons dose totale ou 200 spectres 256 canaux 1 s en mode scan 1 s ou plus 690 spectres Port s rie RS 232 Port s rie RS 232 3 Batterie rechargeable six piles D ou Source d energie Deux piles D 30 h courant DC Stabilisation automatique Affichage graphique Stabilisation automatique Peut tre connect avec un GPS et enregistrer la position en m me temps Pr cision sur une analyse de deux que la radiom trie minutes 0 4 K 1 ppm eU 3 ppm eTh Soumission de TerraPlus l UQAM avril 2003 22 000 Exploranium est une division de SAIC http www saic com 2 4 Spectrom trie infrarouge En optique un spectrom tre est un instrument servant mesurer les propri t s de la lumi re La propri t mesur e est normalement l intensit lumineuse ou la reflectance ratio de l nergie r fl chie sur l nergie incidente La variable ind pendante est normalement la longueur d onde de la lumi re c d on mesure la r flectance plusieurs longueurs d onde La technique s applique aussi aux instrum
34. LATE 0 35 HEMATITE 0 5 35 GRANITE 0 50 ILMENITE 300 3500 GABBRO 1 90 MAGNETITE 1200 19 200 BASALT 0 2 175 PERIDOTITE 90 200 b Types de mat riaux htto epsc wustl edu classwork 454 pdfs lecture white magnetic pdf H all materials orbiting electrons unpaired electrons ferromagnetic pure ferromagnetic antiferromagnetic ferrimagnetic y Y 0 y gt gt 0 Figure 7 Diamagnetism and paramagnetism anse due to either orbiting or unpaired electrons respectively For ferromagnetic materials the magnetic domains small rectangles align either parallel red or antiparallel blue to the imposed magnetic field to result in a net magnetic susceptibility The length of the arrows illustrate the relative strength of the magnetic dipole moments within each domain CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 32 EM PA mains minirale c Conversion des susceptibilit s en pourcentage de magn tite www skb se upload publications pdf P 03 19webb pdf Ny 5 e Q aj Vo A fe te Ve Magnetic mean 1 susceptibility SI Vol Magnetite 10 0 1 0 01 paramagnetic tr end 0 001 0 0001 1E 005 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 Density kg m Figure 5 1 Magnetic susceptibility versus density in a rock classification diagram The classification curves are calculated from 3 with average densities from 4 The volum
35. Le secteur du gisement de Sulphur Springs sujet de l tude est caract ris par trois principaux faci s d alt ration 1 une alt ration r gionale chlorite quartz albite carbonate pyrite 2 un faci s chlorite quartz formant une chemin e sous le gisement et une zone semi concordante la base de l and site et 3 un faci s feldspath s ricite quartz dans la dacite Figure 16 Tableau 7 Sommaire des min raux d tectables par le PIMA d apr s Thompson et al 1999 Environment of formation Standard terminology SWIR active mineral assemblage key minerals are in bold Intrusion related Potassic biotite rich K silicate Biotite phlogopite actinolite sericite chlorite epidote biotitic muscovite anhydrite Sodic sodic calcic Actinolite clinopyroxene diopside chlorite epidote scapolite Phyllic sericitic Sericite muscovite illite chlorite anhydrite Intermediate argillic sericite Sericite illite smectite chlorite kaolinite dickite chlorite clay SCC argillic montmorillonite calcite epidote Advanced argillic Pyrophyllite sericite diaspore alunite topaz tourmaline dumortierite zunyite Topaz muscovite tourmaline Clinopyroxene wollastonite actinolite tremolite vesuvianite epidote serpentinite talc calcite chlorite illite smectite nontronite ih sldaton pibermal Low sulfidation epithermal Adularia sericite sericitic Sericite illite smectite kaolinite c
36. MA permettant d obtenir par cette technique de linformation sur la composition min ralogique des roches Par la suite le syst me d analyse spectrale automatis e HyLogger est d crit Les deux derniers appareils au menu sont un analyseur XRF portable le Niton et un num riseur optique de carottes le CoreScan La section 3 discute des applications possibles de plusieurs de ces appareils et propri t s gr ce des tudes de cas Par exemple l application du PIMA deux g tes de sulfures massifs volcanog nes est pr sent e Finalement les annexes A et B pr sentent une discussion sur des diagraphies lev s g ophysiques en forage Les fiches techniques d taill es de tous ces appareils fournies par le fabricant ou le distributeur sont incluses l annexe C CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 1 1 min rale D SOREM A exploration min rale 2 PRESENTATION DES APPAREILS 2 1 Susceptibilite magn tique La susceptibilit magn tique repr sente le degr de magn tisation d un mat riel en r ponse un champ magn tique Un chantillon contenant beaucoup de magn tite par exemple aura une forte susceptibilit Figure 1 La titanomagn tite l lm nite et la pyrrhotite peuvent aussi influencer les mesures de susceptibilit magn tique La connaissance de ce param tre est utile pour planifier ou interpr ter les lev s magn tiques et EM a roport s en surface ou en forage Plusieurs
37. NICAL SPECIFICATIONS CoreScan II Length 1 48 m Depth 0 54 m Height 1 05 m Weight 135 Kg Electric power supply 110 V 230 V 60 50 Hz current 2A e Core length up to 1 m full circumference and slabbed cores e Core diameter up to 150 mm unrolled core up to 250 mm slabbed e Resolution up to 40 pixel mm up to 1000 dpi e Data Storage on DVD CD as bmp tif jpg High resolution Color Camera 3x6000 Pixel 24 true color spectral response 400 to 700 nm e Intel Pentium 4 Processor Operating system Microsoft Window 2000 XP Perofessional e RAM GB 200 GB Harddisk and CD Writer e 126 MB Video card HORIZON 4 Image Board e Ethernet Net card Remote station or Laptop CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 17
38. REM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 62 zn de pechenche n exploration min rale E D 5 Analyse spectrale automatis e a HyLogger But cartographie de zones d alt ration e g IOCG identification des min raux Avantage automatis objectif mesures r p tables Encore en d veloppement Support de Western Mining Corp Goldfields etc Pas commercialis pour l instant projet original commandit par Anglo American AngloGold BHP Billiton Phelps Dodge Australasia Western Mining Fabriqu par le Mineral mapping technologies Group CSIRO http www syd dem csiro au research MMT G P685 20Core 20Logging P685 htm instrument During recent years many companies have indicated a desire to undertake mineralogical logging of thousands of metres of drill hole material Currently only point measurements using a PIMA or ASD spectrometer on core are practical Continuous logging of long core sections and thousands of chip samples is not yet feasible This project seeks to remedy that situation Many mines have core farms containing 50 to more than 100km of diamond drill core Several world class mines have well over a thousand kilometres of core State Core Libraries also contain thousands of kilometres of core For many drill holes only the mineralised interval has ever been studied in detail so that much of the core represents an asset which has not been fully utilised htto leme anu edu au Pubs Mo
39. age ANNEXE C 37 D SOREM A n exploration min rale Sensitivity Units Sensor oscillator frequency Response time Operating mode Memory Audio Range Power source Battery life Meter case Tem perature range Relative humidity Dimensions Weight Standard accessories Optional accessories 1 x 10 5 SI units S l or C G S units 760 Hz Low to avoid effects of high conductivity in some samples Less than 1 second Single or Continuous Reading 100 Readings and 10 Flags Audio Output on Key Touch Selectable Continuous Audio Indication of relative readings 1 x 10 5 to 10 SI units auto ranging 2 x 1 5 Volts AA Alkaline Batteries Better than 25 hours continuous use Water Resistant O ring seal Operating 0 to 50 degrees Celsius Storage 40 to 60 degress Celsius 10 to 90 percent non condensing Length 155mm Width 84mm Height max 34mm Approx 300 grams Leather carrying case RS 232 Serial Interface complete with PC software for the collection and storage of magnetic susceptibility data Sturdy Plastic Pelican Case g MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility System http www bartington com ms2 htm FABRICANT CONSOREM Bartington Instruments Ltd 10 Thorney Leys Business Park Witney Oxford OX28 4GG England http www bartington com magsus htm Tel 44 1993 706565 Fax 44 1993 774813 E mail sales bartington com Optimisation des donn es de
40. ages Instruments MSCL CTE html Center for Advanced Marine Core Research Japan core repository for the IODP The XRF core logger can quickly reveal the approximate elemental distribution in the sediments WORKS ON HALF SEDIMENT CORES 7 NUMERISEUR OPTIQUE DE CAROTTES Core scan Fonction acquisition d images digitales de la carotte de forage sur 360 degr s Avantage pr serve une information permanente sur l ensemble de la carotte m me si elle est fendue pour analyse chimique ou ventuellement perdue d truite partir de ces images on peut mesurer la distribution granulom trique les fractures avec leur orientation calcul du RQD et autres param tres g otechniques etc 200 000 HTTP WWW TERRAPLUS CA PRODUCTS PROPERTIES INDEX HTML CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 71 CONSOREM eri uti en c zm de recherche n exgdoration minirale a CoreScan Il Embedded PC and stand alone scanner INTRODUCTION Digital core imaging is a new method of acquiring data from drill cores in addition to conventional geological and geotechnical core logging and geophysical borehole logging However this method has also some important advantages On line Core Imaging Global Accessibility Highly Accurate for Reservoir Analysis up to 1000 dpi and Quantitative Fracture Analysis Using a comprehensive suite of software additional evaluations can be carried out with rega
41. al imaging to characterise and identify dominant mineral species on core chips and pulps at spatial resolutions of 1 cm spectral data and 0 1 mm image data The system can log up to 1000 metres of core per day and several thousand metres of drill chips Mineralogy is pre interpreted using specialised identification software trained on a selected suite of minerals showing characteristic absorption features within the measured spectral range CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 64 D SOREM d Disina de recherche Jl n expleration mintrale 5 1 2 1 Image Examples Further examples of the spectral data Yer centre EEHSRHU etatem that the HyLogger system captures can be found here Semi transparent Images Sampling and Drilling 5 1 2 2 Hylogger on SARIG visible active Hylogger drillhole data is now xs available via SAHIG the South Rock samples with selected Geochemistry JE Australian Resources Information Geoserver Drillhole summary stratigraphy JE Q Onllholes other than water wells JE Customers now have the ability to view and interrogate a specific Drillheles with HyLegger Data HyLogger data layer allowing them to Mineral Commodity and Resource Locations view complete core details of each Depth to Basement hole Tenements Mineral Topographic and Cultural In Addition SARIG also offers pdf core scan results for selected drillholes some examples These scan res
42. appareils permettent de mesurer la susceptibilit magn tique des carottes de forage Certains appareils effectuent des mesures ponctuelles KT 9 KT 6 GMS 2 MPP EM2S alors que d autres MS2 DCS 1 mesurent toute la circonf rence de la carotte simultan ment Les premiers Tableau 1 sont pleinement portables alors que les seconds sont davantage des instruments de laboratoire Magnetic mean 1 vol Magnetite susceptibility SI 10 0 1 1 0 01 0 1 0 001 0 01 0 0001 0 001 1E 005 Figure 1 Conversion des mesures de susceptibilit magn tique des roches unit s SI en pourcentage de magn tite par volume d apr s une figure de Mattsson et Thunehed 2003 bas e sur Parasnis 1997 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 2 EA PA exploration miniis tale Tableau 1 Comparaison de certains appareils portables pour les mesures de susceptibilit magn tique a Sonde Multi KT 9 Digital Magnetic GMS 2 Magnetic Non COPIE Susceptibility Meter plea Panels Susceptibility Meter oo ae Exploranium G S Ltd Geo Instruments GPD UU Exploranium Instrumentation Canada Australie Ste Fo i A DISIFIDHICIHES www terraplus ca http www geoafrica www fugroinstrumen www gddinstrument www saic com co za reddog ts com ation com x O 1 Le Pr 1 1 C 4 a Li E ie p M Ro v a i e i Ma D m a M 2m N z E g D F 1 K t T Ls
43. ation des anomalies g ophysiques de surface est grandement facilit e par une connaissance tridimensionnelle des propri t s physiques de roches Cette connaissance peut tre obtenue par des mesures p trophysiques sur les carottes de forage Dans certains cas ces mesures joueront un r le d terminant dans la compr hension de la g om trie d un gisement et en combinaison avec d autres m thodes permettront de localiser de nouvelles zones min ralis es Voici un exemple australien loquent Le gisement d or m sothermal Wallaby Placer Dome fait partie la province Eastern Goldfields dans le craton de Yilgarn La roche h te est un conglom rat recoup de dykes de sy nite alcaline Drieberg et CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 17 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile al 2004 Le gisement comprend une s rie de filons sub horizontaux inclus dans une chemin e d alt ration actinote magn tite de pendage mod r 50 La g om trie de la zone d alt ration a t identifi e grace a une combinaison de l interpr tation d une anomalie a romagn tique avec des mesures de susceptibilit magn tique sur toutes les carottes de forage de 0 500 m de profondeur Coggon 2003 Sp cifiquement un mod le de blocs block model des susceptibilit s a t tudi en conjonction avec le mod le d riv de l anomalie magn tique de surface Ceci a permis d tablir des cibles de forages bi
44. broy es les mesures sont essentiellement qualitatives pr sence d un l ment au del du seuil de d tection Sur un chantillon en poudre homog n is accessoires de pr paration fournis les r sultats sont semi quantitatifs et deviennent quantitatifs et de qualit quivalente ceux de m thodes reconnues lorsqu une matrice de correction est appliqu e Les limites de d tection varient en fonction des l ments et du mode d op ration L isotope Am qui poss de une demi vie de 432 ans est le mieux adapt aux applications en g ologie CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 13 EM N A de recherch sons ehierehe en exploration minirale L UQAM a obtenu la soumission suivante de Elemental Controls en 2003 ou 2004 NITON Xli 512 510 512 High Resolution Dual Mode Mining Bulk Sample Analyzer 38 400 US Configured with Infiniton Am 241 source 2 6 Num riseur optique de carottes Le CoreScan fabriqu par la compagnie allemande Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH http www corescan de et notamment distribu par TerraPlus http www terraplus ca a pour objectif principal l acquisition d images digitales couleur jusqu 1 000 dpi de la carotte de forage sur 360 degr s Ces images sont acquises par une cam ra se d placant au dessus de la carotte alors que celle ci tourne sur place Figures 11 et 12 Les images sont r f renc es selon la profondeur du forage et stock es sur un ordinateur inc
45. c correction for background levels of both magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray The device is calibrated on artificial standards for 36 mm and 100 mm diameters of drill cores other diameters can be used as well K U Th assays are based on the use of 512 channel gamma ray spectrometer with quantitative spectral analysis The precise movement and positioning of the measuring head over the sample is performed with the use of the stepping motor The DCS 1 is designed for geological laboratory survey scanning of rock samples where it can save CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 41 Pe CONSOREM P zn exploration min rale minirale significant part of the working time and provide such a high quality of the measurement that cannot be reached using handheld instruments The device is controlled from a users IBM compatible computer Software for Windows 95 or later is included with the DCS 1 The measured curves of magnetic susceptibility and dose rate are shown currently on the computer screen Measured results are organized in the form of MS Excel files TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS detector Nal TI 3x3 with shielded photomultiplier energy resolution better than 8 5 137Cs energy range to 2 MeV reference source 137Cs 16 kBq pulse shaping 1us analyzer 512 channels up to 70000 pulses per second Gamma ray unit air cored detection coil sensitivity 1 x 10 5 SI units measuring range 0 to 99999 x 10 5 SI units
46. cessed by sophisticated software that can then be analysed for specific minerals giving important clues to ore forming processes This new approach to core logging brings more objectivity consistency and repeatability of interpretation to the logging of core The Hylogger can continuously scan trays of core at high speed collecting the data in a digital format that can be disseminated on the internet thus greatly increasing the cost benefit value from expensive drilling The Hylogger concept goes a long way towards ensuring core libraries of the future will provide a more integrated approach to the packaging and delivery of information http www pir sa gov au pages minerals remote hylogger htm sectlD22392 amp templD 1 5 1 HyLogger 5 1 1 Introduction The HyLogger core scanner is a new rapid spectroscopic core and chip logging and imaging system developed by CSIRO s Mineral Mapping Technologies Group PIRSA successfully trialled the HyLogger technology in May 2002 and since then has worked with Geoscience Australia GA and the Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration CRC LEME to scan core held in the PIRSA Drill Core Storage Facility In 2003 a three month campaign logged over 50 000 metres of core and in 2004 2005 another 25 000 metres were completed 5 1 2 The Technology The new system uses automated core tray handling continuous visible and infrared spectroscopy and digit
47. cter LCD Displays menus and readings in analog and digital form with frequency used Analog 5 times per sec Digital approximately once per second Inductive mode 0 1 Siemens meter Galvanic mode 1 ohm Inductive mode 10 1 to 105 S m Galvanic mode 1 to 105 ohms Inductive mode 15 625 kHz to 2MHz Galvanic mode 15 625kHz Flat coil for planar measurements and test leads for galvanic measurements as standard Optional air cored coils specific to standard core sizes Less than 1 second after zeroing has been performed Zeroing takes 8seconds 10 000 readings in a circular buffer Continuous at 1 2 10 20sec 1min 2min or on command RS 232 ASCII format giving sequence number conductivity and frequency Selectable 300 baud to 9600 baud 4x 1 5 Volt AA size alkaline batteries 6 hours continuous operation at 70mA Low battery indicator and auto shutdown provided Operating 0 C to 50 C Storage 40 C to 70 C 1096 to 9096 Non condensing 100mm x 180mm x 45mm with standard coil approx 600gms BQ 36 5mm NQ 47 6mm HQ 63 5mm PQ 85 0mm AQ 27 0mm or customized as per clients request http www fugroinstruments com html inst prod conductivity htm This world first hand held conductivity meter designed by Geo Instruments measures the inductive and galvanic conductivity of rock samples mine faces and drill core It is used to assist in the interpretation of field data from electromagnetic surveys Its design a
48. cussion boreholes is used to locate mineable ore boundaries and to classify drillhole intersections as massive or semi massive sulfide ore types Pyrrhotite bearing zones are separated from other sulfides by inductive conductivity logs The use of geophysical logging for grade estimation and control has been most effective in the nickel mines at Enonkoski Finland and Namew Lake Canada using conductivity logs and in the Kemi chromium mine Finland using gamma gamma density logs l est aussi possible de tenter d estimer les teneurs ou les pourcentages de sulfures directement sur les carottes de forage bien que les avantages de la g ophysique en forage sont de ne pas exiger de forage carott et de fournir une information continue Plusieurs tentatives d estimation des pourcentages de sulfures sur des carottes de forage par la mesure de param tres physiques ou la spectrom trie ont tout de m me t faites mais aucune technique ne semble encore v ritablement au point Quelques essais sont r sum s ci dessous 3 3 1 Pr vision des vari t s de sulfures dans les carottes de forage densit et susceptibilit magn tique En combinant des mesures de densit et de susceptibilit magn tique Williams et Dipple 2005 arrivent fournir des estimations r alistes des concentrations en pentlandite dans des groupes de roches provenant du gisement de nickel Perseverance en Australie Les auteurs ont utilis plus de 40 000 mesure
49. ds no programming i 28m medes 1AE pas D noezn 1325 mn agog 158D8ze DO5 3s15878 D 5 mi GONE dt 01143 ODOOSTIAD i 4s4e 06 111 ht is ones 1554 GES ONE 13610005 He DS Fa nnz5 3 08 74 OST OOOO SIE TOO 1 TIO D aT 027206 a 845 05252 goxwe goes D ce n es DOME TER 07544 DnOes4 Obc00i3D63 MOATT ES nodrT enis OSCE OGM i l amp l7e0n5 2 677e D05 Mone Docs 8E DSA Gone 11000 Fsbo 3 EN ones Em oari DCE COOKERS d COCA EE FOH Done 20 Tz ORGS OORT 1200 00 Bi2378 OO LE IDE 15 01526 10 05 ns DONS ONE omes re IR JE DES 7 717 EST bt OO 620628 00 E 5ie D06 DOS DOS DION tA Sieve Curve Court ResestParan 4 felectParan Ares ECicole Ce im amp aach e rta2 3 1 thnin dbha 2225 jLoadnData thin dbs D rs amp techart i thin dba Axiant setchact L GR_DAR 10 FALSE i hormmetucChart 2 thin dba Dcircb JEetcharti2 G8R LINE 10 FALSE Melfilei thin dha i n hix PI Major asi length cm Equialeni diameter cm M 0 ses Con CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 75 EM d de recherche en exploration min rale CoreDat 3 Core Description amp Database CoreDat is a software application which serves as a database for drilling core data for a lithological and geotechnical core description It offers the user a detailed platform to store and edit all drill core
50. e Measurement of Reflectance Well Boring 1 Core Depth Om 0 4m Core Length mm Red Geen Hue Luminescence TM CoreLog Integra amp Fracture Analysis TM CoreLog Integra amp Fracture Analysis is a software system for structural evaluation analysis and presentation with different functions such as continuous composition of cores with respect to their orientations and depths Geological structures can be evaluated by pickup routines Bedding Joints Faults and all acquired structures can be calibrated and N oriented in connection with geophysical logs Geomechanical parameters such as RQD FD FS can be derivated once the structures are evaluated Core Log Integration increases the understanding of depositional environments and vertical facies variations within a reservoir This oriented various bedding features are an added input which complements and ensure the Reservoir calculations and also for geomechanical constructions CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 74 EM oon d en exploration min zale eun te mortan Tw tege jet Aya qt hem Lo ET ore Log reeg e v1 es Core Image Analysis C A helps to evaluate and quantify properties of scanned cores Beside the classical shape parameter like area perimeter and axes C I A can also compute anisotropic image properties C I A is an interactive program Measuring with C I A nee
51. e percent magnetite is estimated from 5 5 Parasnis D S 1997 Principles of applied geophysics Chapman and Hall London 429 pp CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 33 EA SOREM Jd ses nus de reehierehr n cxp oration ment ile d KT 9 Digital Magnetic Susceptibility Meter http www terraplus ca products properties index html Measuring Pin Drill Core Sampling Digital Output External Sensor Extendible Handle Variable Audio High Sensitivity Large Range Real Susceptibility Rugged Design General Sensitivity Pin No Pin Sensor CONSOREM Easy sampling for accurate readings on uneven surfaces Automatically corrects data for drill core diameter Serial data output for data storage on a laptop computer Permits easy core scanning Permits ground sampling from a standing position Emits audio tone related to measured values for fast search 1 x 1015 SI units 8 x 10 7 cgs 1 X 105 to 999 X 103 SI units 8 x 10 7 to 8 x 102 cgs Automatically corrects for errors in the high ranges Designed for demanding field operations The KT 9 is the state of the art in portable Magnetic Susceptibility Meters The field geologist will find that the many advanced features of the KT 9 make it an indispensable tool for the accurate analysis of rock samples This very compact hand held unit can be used to analyze and classify rock types or drill core samples It measures the volume ma
52. en d finies entre 500 et 1 000 m La configuration de la chemin e d alt ration en profondeur a ensuite t confirm e par une autre campagne de forages permettant la d couverte de quatre nouvelles veines aurif res Coggon 2003 3 3 Estimation des sulfures sans analyse chimique Les analyses chimiques pour les m taux d int r t conomique prennent un certain temps devenir disponibles et demeurent relativement co teuses lorsque r alis es en grand nombre A l tape de l exploration des analyses chimiques classiques r alis es par un laboratoire externe sont n cessaires pour rassurer les investisseurs mais lors de la phase d exploitation il est possible de sauver du temps et des co ts en faisant les analyses l interne ou mieux en trouvant des techniques indirectes pour connaitre encore plus rapidement les teneurs du minerai Cons quemment le contr le des teneurs m talliques en environnement minier par la g ophysique en forage devient de plus en plus populaire Par exemple Hattula et Rekola 2000 citent les cas suivants voir aussi l annexe A pour une discussion des autres applications possibles de la g ophysique en forage comme la pr diction de la lithologie Depending on ore type geophysical borehole logging can also be applied to classify mineralization interpret lithology and sometimes to transform physical responses to metal grades in ore At the Pyhasalmi zinc copper sulfur mine density logging in per
53. ents mesurant d autres types de radiation comme l infrarouge les rayons gamma ou les rayons X Figure 5 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 8 EM D d a de fex In m en Coron minimale meters 700 Wavelength prn z Wavelength sem 108 105 10 1 10 10 10 Oo O 107 101 p Yael checmaif i wa X Rays Microwave Ultraviolet 60 9 Soll z 4 ___ Vegetation 2 _ Water t 2 __ AI OH mineral Yo 15 Wavelength ino4 07 11 14 17 20 123 263 6 9 12 micrometres H O H 0H20 C0 H 0 004 20 00 o H20 00 10 mit LE Es Amn co Figure 5 Radiation lectromagn tique des rayons gamma aux ondes radio en passant par la lumi re visible et infrarouge http www pimausa com L absorption de la lumi re visible ou du rayonnement infrarouge se produit lorsque l nergie d un photon est transmise une autre entit comme un atome dont les lectrons excit s changent de niveau orbital L nergie absorb e se dissipe sous forme de chaleur ou de radiation L absorption d pend de la longueur d onde de la lumi re incidente ce qui cr e la coloration des objets les pigments absorbent certaines longueurs d onde mais pas d autres Le ph nom ne se produit aussi avec les ondes infrarouges ou les rayons X ce qui permet des applications en chimie et en min ralogie Sp cifiquement les spectres d absorption infrarouges permettent d iden
54. eooooeassssessnnseeeeeeeeees 16 3 1 S lection de m thodes g ophysiques pour l exploration de g tes similaires 16 3 1 1 G tes magmatiques de nickel 16 3 1 2 Gisements d uranium de type discordance ccccssssesccccccseesecessssseeecesssueeeeesssaseesesssseseeess 17 3 2 Aide la mod lisation g ophysique de gisements 17 3 3 Estimation des sulfures sans analyse chimique 4 18 3 3 1 Pr vision des vari t s de sulfures dans les carottes de forage densit et Uie e Wu eu ia m 18 3 3 2 D termination du pourcentage de sulfures par analyse spectrale sss 19 3 4 Identification des alt rations par spectrom trie infrarouge un outil d exploration 19 3 5 Analyse hyperspectrale automatis e HyLogger 23 4 ROSES E 26 Annexe A Applications de la g ophysique en forage pr diction de la lithologie et de JS LS TRS ILE 1 PERRIER A en E A 28 Annexe B Imagerie du trou de forage sccssssssseeeceeeesseeeeeeennseeeseoeaseeeeseoenseeeensoeaseeeeeoonsseesesooesseesseooensesesoes 30 Annexe C Fiches techniques des appareils eee Leee eee eei eeeee reel lene e enean enean nean nana 31 LISTE DES FIGURES Figure 1 Conversion des mesures de susceptibilit magn tique des roches unit s Sl en pourcentage de magn tite par volume d apr s une figure de Mattsson et
55. es Cu Au Emmie Bluff est situ 80 km au SSE du gisement d Olympic Dam dans le sud de l Australie L analyse hyperspectrale a permis de caract riser des zones d alt ration enveloppant une mineralisation sub conomique dans le socle r f rence Les zones d alt ration reconnues incluent des phases mica blanc le contenu en Al des micas diminue quand on se rapproche de la min ralisation une zone riche en oxydes de fer h matite dans le mur de la min ralisation et une zone proximale enrichie en chlorite Les zones chlorites ferrif res correspondent aux plus fortes valeurs de cuivre Prospect Barns Au prospect aurif re Barns dans la Central Gawler Gold Province Prot rozoique sud de l Australie l or est inclus dans des veines troites comprises dans une enveloppe d alt ration l int rieur d une granodiorite Keeling et al 2004 L analyse hyperspectrale a permis d tablir que la concentration d or s am liore quand la quantit de mica blanc augmente Figure 18 et que la quantit de chlorite diminue On a aussi not que quand la zone micas blancs est large plusieurs m tres l or est souvent concentr en bordure Finalement les zones phengite correspondent aux plus fortes valeurs en or Figure 18 Mineralogy white mica DBN 135 69 177 m 2 Scope TSA_A Group 1 AMOH 1 8750 points Aux TSA_AMinewal 4 Montmorillonite Mineral Phengile Muscovite Nite Paragonite d 3 j 13 1 Au ppm
56. esurer diff rentes propri t s physico chimiques ou min ralogiques soit partir de capteurs dans les trous de forage ou simplement appliqu e sur les carottes de forages Ce dernier cas est plus probl matique car tr s souvent les carottes sont entrepos es pendant une p riode de temps puis d truites cause des probl mes de stockage et de transport Or ces carottes r v lent une somme d informations qu il faudrait valoriser Plusieurs propri t s comme la susceptibilit magn tique le rayonnement gamma naturel la conductivit lectrique et la r flectance visible ou infrarouge peuvent tre analys es par des appareils portables 1 2 Objectifs et contenu du rapport Ce travail a pour principal objectif de faire l inventaire des appareils portables permettant de mesurer les propri t s physico chimiques ou min ralogiques des roches La plupart des appareils d crits sont vendus commercialement mais un d entre eux le HyLogger existe uniquement sous forme de prototype La section 2 Pr sentation des appareils est organis e par param tres mesurer en commen ant par trois propri t s physiques soit la susceptibilit magn tique la conductivit lectrique et le rayonnement gamma naturel Dans la mesure du possible pour chaque propri t physique plusieurs appareils sont compar s dans un tableau Suis une pr sentation des principes de base de la spectrom trie infrarouge et des appareils dont le fameux PI
57. eter that can be used to locate and measure radioactive sources The Analysis mode can be used to identify the isotopes involved Detector Spectrometer Spectrum Stabilization Spectrum Display CONSOREM 1 5 x 1 5 x 2 4 5cu ins 0 07L Sodium lodide detector for high sensitivity and high energy resolution The system utilizes a 256 channel Gamma Ray spectrometer permitting high resolution analysis of the spectra The system may be set in the 0 0 75MeV or 0 1 5MeV mode to more accurately identify isotopes in thelower portion of the spectrum or to the full 0 3 0MeV range permitting analysis of all nuclides in the spectrum Automatic gain stabilization is used to eliminate drift The unit displays system performance parameters including gain and detector resolution In this mode the accumulated spectrum is displayed and the user can use the 4 way switch to move a cursor up and down the spectrum to inspect Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 51 D SOREM 4 TT ium de re hes he trale a Peak Analysis Nuclide Identification Assay Mode Assay Accuracy Assay Precision Exposure Rate Survey Mode Scan Mode Controls Data Storage Data Output Base Station Remote Mechanical Battery CONSOREM special peaks The display also gives the current channel number and count rate This feature is used for detailed analysis of the spectrum All the peaks that can be
58. ety of Exploration Geophysicists 16th geophysical conference and exhibition Adelaide South Aust Australia Feb 16 19 2003 Drieberg S Walshe J L Halley S Hall G 2004 Embedded insights into the Wallaby gold deposit Western Australia Predictive mineral discovery CRC Conference Barossa Valley Australia 1 3 June 2004 http www ga gov au image cache GA6745 pdf Gallie A McArdle S Rivard B et Francis H 2002 Estimating sulphide ore grade in broken rock using visible infrared hyperspectral reflectance spectra International Journal of Remote Sensing V 23 p 2229 2246 Hattula A et Rekola T 2000 Exploration geophysics at the Pyhasalmi Mine and grade control work of the Outokumpu Group Geophysics v 65 p 1961 1969 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Exploration 97 conference Toronto ON Canada Huston D L Kamprad J et Brauhart C 1999 Definition of high temperature alteration zones with PIMA an example from the Panorama VHMS district central Pilbara Craton AGSO Research Newsletter v 30 http www agso gov au information publications resnews Keeling J Mauger A et Huntington J 2004 Spectral core logger update preliminary results from the Barns gold prospect MESA Journal 33 p 32 36 PDF Killeen P G Elliott B E et Mwenifumbo C J 1997a Towards prediction of geological drill core logs using geophysical logs in volcanic stratigraphy Bell R S dite
59. field The spectra are of sufficiently high resolution to reveal spectral detail of absorption bands that can be used beyond mineral identification Examination of the spectra can reveal information on the degree of crystallinity and subtle mineralogical variations caused by for example elemental substitution in the mineral lattice Features High spectral resolution in the SWIR Measurement requires little or no sample preparation Measurement is made in a contact mode Uses internal light source and thus avoids interference from atmospheric water vapour CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 98 D SOREM trale Palmtop Casio integrated for control and data storage Operation also via Windows acquisition program Operation by simple button push Files automatically tagged with time and date and many other fields Semi automatic file naming option speeds up measurement Spectra stored on 8MB internal memory Retrieval of stored spectra to PC via RS 232 connection and Mobile Devices Automatic wavelength calibration Spectra recorded on uniform wavelength grid no wavelength calibration files required Radiometrically calibrated during each spectral scan On screen status of battery voltage temperature and the selected operational mode Can be operated from vehicle cigarette lighter Specifications PIMA SP Console Dimensions with Palmtop attached 29 x 21 x 1
60. forage ANNEXE C 38 BA SOREM 4 nanus de recherche n expleration mintrale The MS2 system comprises a meter together with one of a wide range of individually calibrated sensors for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of soils and rocks in both the field and laboratory It is the international standard for magnetic susceptibility measurements in environmental sciences The MS2 is a versatile system offering high resolution and accuracy excellent temperature stability and very low measurement drift It provides non destructive measurements and has a low operating frequency so measurements are not affected by sample conductivity Readings are taken in around 1 second Applications include geological and soil surveys palaeomagnetics archaeological prospecting palaeoclimatic studies hydrology sedimentology core logging correlation and magnetic fabric analysis MS2C CORE LOGGING SENSOR A series of loop sensors ranging from 36 to 162mm in diameter is available for high resolution volume susceptibility measurements on whole cores They are suitable for measuring any type of peat lake or marine sediment core provided it is not metal clad These rugged sensors with a very low temperature induced drift are designed for laboratory field or shipboard use They can be used with manual or automated core analysis systems details on request The MS2C sensors are used in prospection core correlation and the identification of palae
61. gnetic content of rocks to extremely low levels and thus can identify and classify minute quantities of magnetite titanomagnetite ilmenite and pyrrhotite The KT 9 has a sensitivity of 1 x 10 5 Si units 8 x 10 7 cgs As the instrument is fully digital the operator is not required to make any selection changes over the complete operating range 1 x 10 5 to 999 x 10 8 SI units 8 x 10 7 to 8 x 10 2 Cgs of the KT 9 In previous instruments the higher ranges gave only the apparent susceptibility thereby requiring the user to make manual corrections These corrections are now automatic in the KT 9 A unique feature of the KT 9 is a pin that protrudes from the center of the coil This pin enables the user to take a reading from an extremely small portion of the sample s surface By taking successive readings on an uneven surface the unevenness error will be removed from the data and a very accurate result will be obtained The KT 9 gives the user a data average for samples in memory The KT 9 can also be operated in the No Pin mode which is possible by replacing the measuring pin with a stud In this mode the sensor is able to come into direct contact with the sample The KT 9 uses an air cored measuring coil which has a much greater degree of sample penetration Unlike the 2 3 mm sample depth from an instrument using a ferrite core the KT 9 coil gets 9096 of its signal Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 34 1 min rale
62. halcedony opal argillic montmorillonite calcite dolomite Advanced argillic Kaolinite alunite cristobalite acid sulphate steam heated opal chalcedony jarosite Propylitic zeolitic Calcite epidote wairakite chlorite illite smectite montmorillonite esata Biotic meme SSS Sedimentosted god Ale Kanne dite le Vocavogeic massive sulfido Sediment hosted massive slid Sericitic Sericite chlorite Chlorite muscovite biotite Minerals are grouped by assemblages of alteration minerals and keyed to commonly used terminology Complete assemblages are in Thompson and Thompson 1996 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 21 EM herehe Conant ies de recherche en exploration min rale 9000 Easting m 9000 10 000 8000 Easting m 9000 10 000 7000 pi Dolerite Sulphur Springs Intrusive mafic Alteration facies gossan complex 77 het d Dacite Graphic granite 7 Gossan BS Sericite quartz Albite Rhyodacite Andesits mio ini Silica EN Chlorite quartz Background Felsic zn andesite Figure 16 Lithologie a et zones d alt ration b dans le secteur de Sulphur Springs craton de Pilbara Australie d apr s Huston et al 1999 Vue en plan Les chercheurs ont utilis le PIMA sur les poudres de 63 chantillons de surface du secteur de Sulphur Springs et non sur des carottes enti res a m thode d interpr tation des spectres consistait mesurer la profondeur et la posit
63. ically cooled solid state detector system Instrument self calibrates at start up and as determined by user Variable user definable Back lit 4 VGA touch screen LCD visible in all conditions User definable Set beep change flash rate at pre set time interval upon completion of test and upon achieving desired precision or LOD 3000 readings with x ray spectra Sort and display stored readings at any time Transfer data to PC via RS 232 port or optional wireless Bluetooth connection Easily export data to PC spreadsheet packages and incorporate report into word processing software Full remote control capability via PC software and standard accessory cable connector Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 69 D SOREM trale Data entry Security Carrying case License Training Warranty Dimensions Housing Operating conditions Batteries Standard accessories Optional accessories CONSOREM Via standard touch screen barcode scanner and or via PC using RS 232 port and standard accessory cable Password protected instrument set up and operation with multiple user definable security levels Unbreakable cadmium free lead free plastic waterproof case with combination lock Distributed under State of Massachusetts Specific License 53 0388 Contact NITON your local representative or local radiation authority for information about specific regulations and requirements in your area USA only Call 800
64. identified are listed showing their energy and intensity The system has a built in library of isotopes Peaks are automatically identified and individual nuclides determined then displayed for easy interpretation K PPMeU PPMeTh based on internal calibration constants 120 sec count in a normal background area with 2 K 2ppm U and 8ppm Th K 0 35 U 1 5ppm Th 2 6ppm The user can select the display of exposure rate in appropriate units selections are uR h uSv h or uGy h Measuring range 0 5uR h 10mR h In this mode the GR 135G operates as a Gamma Ray scintillator indicating counts sec with adjustable integration time audible alarm and chart recorder display In this mode the system is being used in a search mode primarily to locate a source of radiation The audio tone varies with radiation levels to permit easy eyes only scanning A special molded handle has an integrated 4 way switch joy stick permitting user friendly onebutton menu driven operation The GR 135G can store up to 10 000 single readings or 200 full 256 channel spectra Data storage is backed up with an internal lithium battery protecting the data while changing the main battery The data is Time Date tagged for accuracy The data storage in memory may be retrieved via an RS 232 data output at 9600baud Special software is available to display trends in Survey or Dose data Full spectral data may also be downloaded to a computer In
65. ierehr n cxp oration mnc ile User application programs supplied Background K U and Th calibration using traceable test pads Benefits Using the GR 320enviSpec can minimize the high costs associated with rock or soil sample collection shipping lab preparation and chemical analysis for elements collected The use of gamma ray spectrometry increases the likelihood of finding deposits of gold silver copper lead zinc rare earth elements and many other commodities SPECIFICATIONS Console Weight 256 512 Channel Operation Two Detector Capabilities Automatic Spectrum Stabilisation Calibration Assay Mode Regions of Interest Exposure Rate High Linearity ADC Sample Time Coincidence CONSOREM 9 Ibs 4 08 kg For most geophysical applications the 256 channel operation is fully adequate However the extra precision provided by the 512 channel capability especially in the lower regions of the spectrum offers significant improvements in data resolution for the environmental sector This 256 512 channel option is software selectable from the GR 320 keyboard In most portable applications a single 21 cubic inch sodium iodide detector is adequate However in surface vehicle helicopter and aircraft applications larger crystals are required The GR 320 can support detector packs of up to 512 cu in The operator may select to stabilize the system using an internal Cesium source
66. ion des pics des bandes d absorption AI OH 2180 2220 nm et Fe OH 2230 2295 nm Le ratio Dj2230 2295 D12180 2220 O D repr sente la profondeur d un pic depth correspond approximativement au ratio chorite sericite Figure 17a Les valeurs sup rieures 0 5 correspondent au faci s d alt ration chlorite quartz plus proximal alors que les plus petites valeurs correspondent la zone s ricite Une autre application est la cartographie de la composition des chlorites gr ce la longueur d onde des bandes d absorption Fe OH les courtes longueurs d onde correspondent aux chlorites plus magn siennes Figure 17b CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 22 EM d herehe Conan ies de rex en exploration min rale 8000 Easting m Easting m 3000 10 000 8000 ggo 10 000 x x Sd LR oi SRI Re ee Northing m 8000 7000 Dy2230 2295 D 2180 2220 gt 4 00 inet Soe 20 4 0 Figure 17 Vue en plan de a la variation du ratio des caract ristiques d absorption Fe OH et AI OH et b la variation de la longueur d onde de l absorption Fe OH Les cercles montrent la localisation des chantillons analys s avec le PIMA Secteur de Sulphur Springs craton de Pilbara Australie d apr s Huston et al 1999 Huston et al 1999 proposent que le PIMA puisse tre utile dans les tudes d alt ration pour l exploration semi r gionale ou l chelle du gisement ils proposent l utilisation d
67. iscordance qui restent d couvrir dans le bassin d Athabasca en Saskatchewan seront probablement plus profonds que ceux d j connus Il est fort possible que la g ophysique jouera un grand r le dans ces d couvertes mais quelles m thodes employer Le projet EXTECH IV http gsc nrcan gc ca extech extech4 e php une initiative conjointe de la Commission G ologique du Canada et de l industrie vise d terminer les caract ristiques de la min ralisation uranif re et de son encaissant dans le bassin d Athabasca Une des composantes de ce projet constitue un exemple de combinaison de g ophysique en forage et de d terminations des propri t s physiques des carottes Mwenifumbo et al 2004 Onze forages ont fait l objet de diagraphies incluant la spectrom trie des rayons gamma la r sistivit et la vitesse des ondes sismiques de compression Vp Les mesures physiques de laboratoire sur les carottes inclus la r sistivit la densit Vp et la porosit le produit de Vp et de la densit de la roche donne l imp dance acoustique L tude conclut que la densit Vp et l imp dance acoustique d pendent du degr de silicification des roches et que la discordance entre les roches s dimentaires et le socle peut tre imag e par des m thodes sismiques Les variations de conductivit lectrique peuvent aussi servir cartographier l alt ration hydrothermale 3 2 Aide la mod lisation g ophysique de gisements L interpr t
68. l cran 2 CONDUCTIVIT LECTRIQUE a GCM 2 Hand Held Conductivity Meter FABRICANT Geo Instruments Fugro Instruments FEATURES Wide dynamic range from 10 1 to 105 S m Digital and analog display readout with autoscaling Coil sensors for drill core measurements Capability of galvanic measurements to supplement the induced measurements Corrects for magnetic effects of samples Memory for 10 000 readings RS 232 output General The Model GCM 2 Hand held Conductivity Meter is designed to measure the electromagnetic and galvanic conductivity of rock and drill core samples It is used to assist in interpretation of field data from electromagnetic surveys Its design and implementation result from research on the conductivity of real sulfide ores and rocks sponsored by the Australian Mineral Industry Research Association AMIRA Specifications Controls 6 key membrane keypad CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 45 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile Display Type Display Rate Sensitivity Dynamic Range Sensor Frequency Sensor Type Response Time Memory Storage Interval Data Output Baud Rate Power Requirements Battery Life Temperature Range Relative Humidity Dimensions Weight Optional Sensor Coils Standard Components GCM 2 hand held conductivity meter carrying case and instructions manual 2 line x 16 chara
69. l Devices Inc WWW pimausa com www asdi com Distributeurs www terraplus ca www pimausa com Longueurs d onde 1 300 2 500 nm proche infrarouge oo nm lumiere visible et proche Source lumineuse Tiene a a SIEHE Interne Voir notes contact M moire interne 8 MB Palmtop PIMA SP seul d un ordinateur portable en tout Temps de mesure 0 1 s Transfert vers ordinateur Port s rie RS 232 Oui 5 7 kg Se branche dans l allume cigarette d un i 5i Se branche dans l allume cigarette Source d nergie v hicule sinon pile 12 Volts 2 5 A H sinon batterie au plomb rechargeable Logiciel d interpr tation des spectres Moins connu que le PIMA fourni Poss de une sonde reli e par un c ble de fibre optique de 1 5 m de long qui peut viter de d placer les chantillons jusqu l appareil Frais de location un mois 3 000 US www pimausa com Achat 20 000 US en 2002 TerraPlus soumission l UQAM Avec les appareils portables comme le PIMA le nombre de mesures possibles par jour est limit par le temps de mesure assez long parfois jusqu plusieurs minutes et le fait qu il faut placer chaque chantillon devant la source lumineuse Ensuite il faut noter le num ro et la position de l chantillon puis analyser son spectre avec le logiciel fourni Une analyse syst matique de plusieurs kilom tres de carottes de forage prendrait bien trop de temps pour tre envisag e s rieuse
70. ll core and mine face analysis applications Special calibration is not required to maintain high accuracy The GR 110 uses digital counting and display of incoming radiation levels All units are factory calibrated and are highly stable so that relative readings from unit to unit can be compared or readings made at different times can be plotted on the same basis The small size and rugged construction of the GR 110 combined with its accuracy ease of use and operational features make it a useful and advanced field portable scintillometer Rotary Switch Controls Battery check display test 1 second accumulate 0 08MeV 3 0MeV 10 seconds accumulate 0 08MeV 3 0MeV 1 second accumulate 0 40MeV 3 0MeV Conversion Factors for Cesium Range 1 10 B G 1 cps 0 14 x 10 3 mR Hr 1 25 x 10 3 uSv Hr Range HE B G 1 cps 0 36 x 10 3 mR Hr 3 23 x 10 3 uSv Hr Temperature Ranges Operating 25 C to 50 C Storage 30 C to 70 C Audio Frequency Control Allows output tone to be range adjusted Increases in count rate CONSOREM results in an increase in audio frequency Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 49 Pe CONSOREM P zn exploration min rale Internal Crystal Audio Output Time Constants Construction Dimensions Weight Power Alarm 1 5 x 1 5 x 2 0 inch 4 5 cubic inches square cross section Nal Tl detector with PMT magnetic shield and shock mounti
71. lus constituant ventuellement une caroth que num rique L instrument est concu pour pouvoir tre transport sur les lieux d entreposage des chantillons Le syst me complet vaut environ 200 000 Figure 12 Exemple d image obtenue avec le CoreScan source Gr ce au CoreScan l utilisateur peut pr server une information permanente sur l ensemble de la carotte m me si elle est fendue pour analyse chimique ou ventuellement perdue d truite De plus partir de ces images on peut mesurer la distribution granulom trique les fractures avec leur orientation calcul du RQD et autres param tres g otechniques etc Cet appareil est surtout utilis par l industrie p troli re par exemple pour la caract risation des r servoirs bas e sur l analyse d image Cependant au CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 14 CONSOREM Conse luas de rechenehe en exploration minirale moins deux compagnies mini res ont fait l acquisition de ce syst me AngloPlat Afrique du Sud et l exploitant d une mine de diamants Jwaneng au Botswana L appareil est accompagn d une vari t de logiciels permettant notamment l analyse des fractures l analyse d image pour la forme et la taille des particules la cr ation d une base de donn es sur les forages etc Figures 13 et 14 qusd ifaBete or Figure 13 Vue du logiciel Fracture Analysis qui accompagne le CoreScan http www terraplus ca
72. ment dans la plupart des cas les op rateurs choisissent quelques chantillons repr sentatifs Un appareil d analyse spectrale automatis e qui d placerait les carottes tout seul et qui prendrait des mesures rapidement permettrait d accumuler bien plus de donn es CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 11 E K de pecherel Conant ies de recherche en exploration min rale Le HyLogger un prototype australien d velopp par le Mineral mapping technologies Group de CSIRO fait pr cis ment cela 90 000 mesures par jour sur 700 m de carottes lien 1 lien 2 Figure 8 et Figure 9 Le HyLogger combine l analyse hyperspectrale entre 412 et 2 512 nm c d un spectre plus tendu que le PIMA avec une camera num rique haute r solution le terme hyperspectral d signe un syst me d observation distance utilisant plusieurs bandes et diff rents types de senseurs La r solution des mesures hyperspectrales est de 8 mm et celle de la camera de 0 1 mm Jon Huntington commun pers 2006 Une table X Y contr l e par ordinateur permet d alimenter la machine un rythme contr l Cet ordinateur enregistre galement toutes les donn es Figure 8 Le prototype HyLogger de CSIRO source F _ as w gt Spectrometer subsystem Telescope Core tray Ex Calibration transfer standards Automatic X Y transport subsystem Control computer subsystem Figure 9 Une vue d une ver
73. mer le pourcentage de chalcopyrite avec une erreur absolue de 15 95 ce qui ne semble pas tre suffisant pour tre utile En somme cette tude repr sente une tape d un processus de raffinement des m thodes qui m nera peut tre un protocole d analyse pr cis et utile dans plusieurs ann es A Gallie commun pers 2006 3 4 Identification des alt rations par spectrom trie infrarouge un outil d exploration Gr ce sa capacit d identifier les min raux d alt ration la spectrom trie infrarouge est utilisable lors de campagnes d exploration pour les gites de sulfures massifs volcanog nes les gites d or pithermaux et m sothermaux les gites d or ou de cuivre dans les s diments les gites de type porphyrique ou tout autre type de gisement o l alt ration comprend des min raux list s aux Tableaux 6 et 7 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 19 D SOREM P s exploration min rale Tableau 6 Exemples d utilisation du PIMA en exploration d apr s Thompson et al 1999 Mineral Identification Alteration Interpretation Exploration Application Alunite Advanced argillic High sulfidation environment and zoning around high sulfidation Steam heated zones in low sulfidation Dickite Advanced argillic Zoning around high sulfidation Sediment hosted Au with mineralization Kaolinite Advanced argillic and High sulfidation weathered rock Sediment hosted Au zoning Uranium zoning
74. min raux pour les longueurs d onde d tect es par le PIMA d apr s Thompson et al 1999 Il est possible de diff rentier les vari t s de chlorite La spectrom trie infrarouge est la plus utile l o les min raux d alt ration ne peuvent facilement tre identifi s l oeil nu par exemple cause d une granulom trie tr s fine Thompson et al 1999 Les 7 7 v ry d 1 f i A p Mg rich Chlorite u FA iss Fm v Fas nme Y JU v f k 4 VJ Y g DE il mas 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Wavelength nm i Ca a a o c m Tti di D 1600 1800 2000 2200 Wavelength nm d alunite de carbonates etc CONSOREM I ta d Av Reflectance 95 K Alunite s nds k PR un 7 B P m Rhadaochra site E i f rdi M X Calcite 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Wavelength imm Optimisation des donn es de forage 10 Pe CONSOREM P a P x p s fa t d 1 1 1 i i i i a min raux doivent tre abondants dans un chantillon pour tre d tectables plus de 5 ou 10 96 Thompson et al 1999 Le Tableau 5 compare le PIMA et le TerraSpec deux spectrom tres infrarouges portables Tableau 5 Comparaison de deux spectrom tres infrarouges portables PA TemaSpe Nom complet Portable infrared mineral analyzer TerraSpec Field Spectrometer Fabricant 1 Spectral International Inc Analytical Spectra
75. nd implementation result from research on the conductivity of sulphide ores and rocks sponsored by the Australian Mineral Industry Research Association AMIRA PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION KEY BENEFITS CONSOREM Since the impedance of an inductor will alter when placed in close proximity to a conductive body the GCM 2 measures the in phase and quadrature components of this impedance change and calculates the conductivity A large dynamic range is obtained by utilising a measuring frequency appropriate to the conductivity and correcting for magnetic effects Wide dynamic range from 10 1 to 105 Siemens per metre Digital and analog display readout with autoscaling Coil sensors for drill core measurements Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 46 D SOREM 4 TT ium de re hes he trale a Capability of galvanic measurements to supplement the induced measurements Corrects for magnetic effects of samples Memory for 10 000 readings RS 232 Output CONDUCTIVITY VALUES OF ROCKS AND ORE It is important for users of the GCM 2 to note that the measured values of conductivity of rock samples will not be the same as quoted values for pure minerals They will generally be much less The reason for this is that the conductivity of a heterogeneous sample of many different minerals and gangue varies greatly depending on the relative proportions of each mineral and the texture of the rock it s moisture content e
76. ng Display Liquid crystal type LCD 0 5 x 2 0 4 digit displays a maximum value of 9999cps Audio adjustable threshold tone proportional to rate via high efficiency loudspeaker Audio 0 5 seconds for 0 to 2 500cps change Hardened aluminum Imm thick case Approximately 5 3 x 12 4 x 21cm 1 5 kg Two D Cells 100 hours Alkaline at 15 C Low battery alarm via audio and flashing display Signal alarm if threshold is exceeded Standard Components GR 110 gamma ray scintillometer leather case with belt clip and shoulder strap test source two D cell batteries PVC storage case and instruction manual b GR 135G Handheld Gamma Ray Spectrometer http www terraplus ca products properties index html FEATURES CONSOREM 1000 Channel Operation Assay Mode for K PPM eU PPM eTh Automatic Gain Stabilization Graphics Display Internal Memory Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 90 D SOREM 4 TT ium de re hes he trale a SPECIFICATIONS The GR 135G is an ideal instrument for the exploration geologist geophysicist looking for a light weight spectrometer The 4 5 cubic inch crystal provides more sensitivity than many handheld scintillometers plus with automatic gain stabilization the spectrum is free from drift dramatically improving data quality The GR 135G allows long integration times up to an hour or more With the automatic gain stabilization these long integration times will yield accura
77. nographs regolith2005 Mauger pdf Touted as objective core logging the core scanning version of HyLogger has 189 channels from 412 to 2512 nm and scans diamond core trays at 1 cm spatial resolution for the spectra while acquiring an RGB image at 0 1 mm image resolution at the rate of 60 m per hour or 90 000 readings per day Automated CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 63 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile techniques are capable of digitally masking out rubbish in the core trays and software provides automated mineral interpretation of the spectra Beyond the library incorporated in the software the spectra offer the opportunity to subdivide the core by their spectral response objectively identifying clear boundaries between distinct units and potentially allowing for more accurate correlations between holes http www doir wa gov au documents gswa gsdFld36 2005 pdf The Hylogger a high tech device developed by Dr Jon Huntington and his CSIRO team in Sydney uses a visible to short wave infrared spectrometer and high resolution digital camera capable of scanning up to 700 m of drill core per day The spectrometer has a narrow focus that scans down the core while it remains in standard core trays as the trays are moved backwards and forwards on a robotic stage This produces a continuous stream of reflectance spectra at 10 mm intervals as it traverses each section of core The information is pro
78. oclimatic sequences Optimum measurement accuracy is achieved with 5 10mm core clearance Calibration graphs are provided for varying core to sensor diameter CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 39 ibniirale EA 0 Specification MS2C Sensor Loop internal diameter 36 40 45 60 72 80 90 100 125 130 135 140 145 150 160 or 162mm standard Intermediate sizes can be provided at an additional charge Calibration accuracy 596 calibration sample provided Measurement period x 1 range 0 9 seconds x 0 1range 9 seconds 2 x 10 CGS in 10 minutes after 5 minutes operation white polyacetal Dimensions ASC AUTOMATED CORE ANALYSIS SYSTEM http www ascsci com coretran html Rapid Automated Analysis of Magnetic Susceptibility The ASC Core Analysis System is an automated system for moving cores through the Bartington Instruments MS2C magnetic susceptibility coil and collecting data along the length of the core Additional sensors that can also be added to the system include a multi channel natural gamma detector and gamma attenuation analyzer Each system can be tailored to the specific logging sensors and core dimensions desired by the customer The standard system will accommodate core sections up to 5 inches in diameter and 5 feet long It is of modular construction which enables easy break down for shipping and addition of more track sections for longer cores or more sensors The core sits on a
79. ontrolled which allows flexibility in display auto ranging auto calibration in free air and serial output KEY FEATURES Digital and Analog Display Pocket Sized and Lightweight High Sensitivity Auto Ranging Scan and Step Reading Modes A Field and Laboratory Use Memory for 100 Readings Optional RS 232 Output WHAT IS MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND WHEN SHOULD WE MEASURE IT Magnetic Susceptibility is the intrinsic property that determines the amount of magnetism a rock can have in a given magnetic field Rocks are composed of minerals which vary in their magnetic susceptibility and magnetite accounts for most of the susceptibility observed Thus the measurement of susceptibility can be used before magnetic surveys take place to ascertain which rocks will be detectable magnetically and to what degree This can be undertaken in the field on outcrop or on samples in the laboratory It is also used after drilling has taken place to measure the drill core and so determine from what rock types and at what depths the observed magnetic responses have originated TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS DC DC Controls Three button touchpad Display type and rate Rate Liquid crystal dot matrix screen 128x64 pixels Displays analog and digital reading and menus Digital Display 4 digits updated approx once per second Analog Display 2D graphical updated 10 times per second CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de for
80. or choose a naturally occurring isotope at the site of operation In the local isotope mode the system automatically accumulates until the isotope data is useable for gain control Exploranium a Division of SAIC provides calibration for each spectrometer on test pads traceable to GSC standards to assure the accuracy of each instrument Using internal calibration constants the GR 320 measures concentrations in 96K or ppm of U and Th Up to 8 ROIs may be set from the system keyboard For environmental applications the GR 320 does automatic natural isotope spectrum stripping and then carries out a full peak analysis to identify any isotopes in the stripped spectrum The individual isotope exposure rate is then computed by using internal calibration data The GR 320 uses a unique technique to achieve fast reduced to virtually zero dead time analog to digital conversion with excellent differential linearity This capability is important in large detector high count rate applications From 1 to 9999 seconds Either coincidence or anti coincidence operation is possible when two detectors are used with the GR 320 Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 94 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile GPS Data The GR 320 has the capability to accept the location data from a portable GPS receiver This position data is then stored in memory with the spectrometer data Real Time Clock A real time clock is
81. ore se fera entendre pour indiquer la pr sence d un conducteur La sonde d tecte galement les effets de hautes chargeabilit s Elle les indique de facon qualitative La sonde MPP EM2S ressemble a un pistolet et doit tre branch e l Axim X5 de DellTM L Axim X5 est quip du Pocket PC 2002 Premium de la meilleure qualit de MicrosoftTM Des applications famili res sont pr install es telles que Pocket Word et Pocket Excel calendrier contacts enregistreur de voix ainsi qu un certain nombre de fonctions incorpor es CARACTERISTIQUES Affichage du r sultat instantan Identification du trou de forage ou de l chantillon CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 43 EA 1 min rale M morisation des donn es et de la position par un toucher sur l cran tactile touch screen Affichage et enregistrement simultan s des propri t s la susceptibilit magn tique en 10 SI de m me que les valeurs relative et absolue MHOS M de conductivit D tection des hautes chargeabilit s caus es par les sulfures diss min s et le graphite Enregistrement et transfert des donn es en format ASCII un PC Transfert des donn es un PC avec le c ble USB Travel Sync de DELLTM Emission d un signal sonore pour indiquer la pr sence d un conducteur Sonde calibr e 10 SI amp MHOS M Conviviale rapide et peu dispendieuse Hardware am lior permettant d enregistrer les donn es avec un bou
82. our image of 1000s of Spectra Mineral Identification with our Reference Library or use your own library Many other statistical functions such as Correlation Band Correlation Search Match Other functions such as Hull quotients smoothing differentials etc Import Data from any spectrometer with Automatic Interpolation Import HyperSpectral data Import ISPL specific data such as DSP FOS LIB and LOS files Import Export ASCII spectra via the clipboard Batch Export all data as ASCII ASCII Matrix Binary Matrix and much more Export all Analysis results to an Excel compatible format Search Library files FOS files for particular fields Edit FOS header fields to add extra valuable information Make libraries with simple Cut Paste technology Sort libraries by any header field Provides 10096 compatibility with PIMA II PIMA SP PIMA UpGrades and PIMA RAP infrared spectrometers C TerraSpec http www asdi com products MiningApps asp FABRICANT Analytical Spectral Devices Inc ASD www asdi com CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 60 Pe CONSOREM P zn exploration min rale 1n rale ASD s field portable spectrometers are widely used for geologic remote sensing applications Geologists have recognized that the same methods of reflectance spectroscopy have far reaching applications beyond remote sensing especially in mineral exploration core logging altera
83. partir des rayons gamma Scintillom tre mesure rayonnement gamma total c s a GR 110 Gamma Ray Scintillometer CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 48 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile Features General Specifications Large internal crystal provides high sensitivity Versatile data collection with 2 energy thresholds amp 2 accumulation periods Adjustable audio threshold Audio level proportional to rate Calibration test source Large 4 digit LCD display for easy viewing Small size and lightweight 1 5kg Rugged and watertight case Efficient power provides over 100 hours operation on two D cell batteries Adjustable leather carrying case The GR 110 is a rugged lightweight and portable scintillometer designed for the field geologist who requires the accuracy of a digital display and large crystal volume for reliable statistics Even under low light conditions readings are easily visible on the large four digit Liquid Crystal display LCD In high sensitivity mode 0 08 to 3 0MeV total counts are obtained at either 1 or 10 second intervals For work where ground cover is highly variable a 0 4 to 3 0MeV total count mode HE provides significant geological information since the low energy portion of the spectrum is subject to the largest variations in Compton scatter absorption The HE mode can also handle the high count rates found in dri
84. pect to evaluated core gaps Evaluation of the geological structures with a pickup routine Bedding Joints Faults Vains Derivation of true depth strike and dip of structures Calibration and North Orientation of the acquired structures in connection with geophysical logs Grain size distribution and analysis Derivation of geomechanical parameters for ground constructions RQD FD FS APPLICATIONS Exploration drillings for oil gas coal and industrial mineral deposits Sedimentological investigations Scientific Deep Drilling Projects Site investigation for geothermal energy projects and final disposal of radioactive wastes Site investigation for geotechnical applications such as traffic traces Calibration of geophysical borehole measurements with cores Geological investigation of underground storage facilities for oil and gas SOFTWARES DigiCore TM DigiCore is a software system for digital acquisition and storage of drilling cores This software is necessary for grabbing core images from the CoreScan Colour In DigiCore you have also the possibility to apply first corrections to the cores before storage i e rotating the cores according to a general orientation Full Diameter Core 360 circumferential core image or slabbed cores and their reflectance can be obtained with the same system CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 73 en explora Tale EM PA n exploration min ral
85. r what could be better than being able to carry your analyzer around with you on surveys and site assessments The instruments are truly field portable and can be carried on your waist in a specially designed pocket holster To perform rapid on the spot screening for qualitative elemental identification and field assessments simply point and shoot Results are displayed in seconds XLi XLp XLt 500 Features amp Performance RUGGED amp HIGHLY PORTABLE Single piece unit weighing only 1 7 lbs for XLi and 3 0 lbs for XLp XLt Can be carried in waist belt holder Quick swappable batteries allow 6 12 hours continued use with minimal power down time High strength injection molded plastic housing withstands harsh mining environments VERSATILE amp EASY TO USE Simple point and shoot operation Fully integrated touch screen display with advanced user interface For many explorations no user calibrations required Add new features and upgrade software in the field FAST amp POWERFUL CONSOREM Results in as little as one second Virtual keyboard plus integrated barcode scan engine for the fastest and most versatile data entry Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 68 D SOREM 4 TT ium de re hes he trale L A full suite of isotope options provide optimum excitation sources Includes the Infiniton that never requires resourcing A Full PC interface downloads da
86. rd e g to lithofacies characterisation paleotransport analysis and acquisition of geotechnical parameters Core images on different scales in the range of mm and smaller allow to describe the lithological and physical properties of the rock The use of this digital imaging system has proven to be accurate quick and hence economical Reservoir analysis based on digital images requires a high resolution of images for the understanding of depositional environments and facies within a reservoir The orientation of various bedding features is an added input which complements the vertical facies variations However cores are seldom oriented when they are taken In many cases transportation to core laboratories and storage in core houses could be avoided because all the core images acquisition work can be done at the drilling site This new CoreScan ll is based on a high resolution up to 40 pixel mm digital acquisition system and provides a new portable stand alone system for Core Analysts with numerous different functions as indicated on these pages CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 72 Conscnmiuss de recherche E ratio en exploration minirale FUNCTIONS Digital acquisition and storage of full circumference cores 360 and slabbed cores in 24 bit true color Core Log ntegration to geological profile by continuous composition of cores with respect to their orientations and depths Depth Matching with res
87. related information like header data at full length Core runs and boxes lithological core description allowing user defined modification and supplementation geotechnical core data position and description of discontinuities like joints bedding planes etc Print outs of the different information and export filters for other file formats With this newest program version COREDAT offers the user a graphical profile of the borehole lithology including the possibility to print out or to export the graphics bmp for further use with other applications e g for reports presentations etc ie Wedksage pam cecile longe s welcome to COREDAT al acquisition and mieanegqemen of drilfhole deta rh papia DIM L ubh E285 ad Erom 24 05 2008 Starting point coordinates X 25 12345 00 m Em B of arolobie deli olas ET mer E MN i zs Y 57 17345 00 m US I Z 1145 62 m uua borehole length 201 2 m Ard cored section 0 00 m 201 20 m Li borehole inclination J gon Core description 1 00 m 3 20 m recovery 2 3 m ra angle to the core gon 0 00 m d l m core loss Standrahnr 0 27 m 1 20 m claystone slightly silty root remains plant fossils clay ironstone layers 1 60 m sandstone fine grained mle to the core 5 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 76 EM C CER mius de recherche en exploration min rale TECH
88. s dimentaires o se trouvent les hydrocarbures demeurent souvent fort simples alternance de shale et de gr s par exemple les shales sont plus radioactifs etc Dans le domaine minier la dominance des forages carott s et la plus grande complexit de la lithologie en g n ral ont ralenti la croissance des diagraphies pour des objectifs de caract risation lithologique N anmoins la g ophysique multiparametres en forage pourrait devenir un bon compl ment aux descriptions de carottes des g ologues puisque les lev s g ophysiques sont complets par d intervalles manquants ils mesurent des propri t s chimiques ou physiques invisibles l oeil nu comme la densit ou la susceptibilit magn tique Le groupe G ophysique des sondages et p trophysique http gsc nrcan gc ca borehole intro f php de la CGC travaille sur ce genre de probl mes depuis plusieurs d cennies et a notamment publi un Manuel du cours abr g de la Commission G ologique du Canada sur l utilisation des diagraphies en exploration min rale 320 p http gsc nrcan gc ca borehole of f php 3247 Lors de l exploration pour les sulfures massifs volcanog nes dans les ceintures de roches vertes plusieurs types de roches volcaniques ou volcanoclastiques peuvent pr senter un aspect visuel tr s similaire suite l alt ration et ou au m tamorphisme Les diagraphies peuvent alors devenir fort utiles Killeen et al 1997a pr sen
89. s de susceptibilit magn tique et 80 000 mesures de densit sur une centaine de groupes d chantillons et des m thodes de programmation lin aires et non lin aires Les autres param tres La mine Pyhasalmi exploite un gisement de sulfures massifs volcanog nes en Finlande CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 18 D SOREM Jd sss ass de reehierehr n cxp oration mnc ile estim s taient les pourcentages de pyrrhotite monoclinique et hexagonale de pyrite de magnetite et de roche st rile 3 3 2 D termination du pourcentage de sulfures par analyse spectrale Complexe de Stillwater Dans plusieurs g tes d l ments du groupe du platine EGP le pourcentage de sulfures dans les roches mafiques ou ultramafiques est directement corr l avec les teneurs en EGP Dans le complexe de Stillwater au Montana les g ologues estiment fr quemment les teneurs en EGP aux fins de contr le des teneurs par exemple en d terminant visuellement le pourcentage de sulfures chalcopyrite pentlandite et pyrrhotite dans les carottes de forages ou les galeries de mine Il est bien connu que ce genre d estimation visuelle varie beaucoup d un g ologue l autre et l utilisation d une technique plus objective serait souhaitable Une m thode de d termination des sulfures par analyse spectrale a donc t test e en collaboration avec l Universit du Montana Bolin et Moon 2003 Le spectrometre utilis tait un protot
90. seur XRF portable Niton sisi 13 Figure 11 Le CoreScan II de DTM http www terraplus ca ss 14 Figure 12 Exemple d image obtenue avec le CoreScan source eeseesseeeeeeneeeenee 14 Figure 13 Vue du logiciel Fracture Analysis qui accompagne le CoreScan http www terraplus Ca inner 15 Figure 14 Vue du logiciel d analyse d image C I A qui accompagne le CoreScan http www terraplus ca sump ose aa so etum a ne cn stbet eneete en cn 15 Figure 15 Section transversale gisement de nickel Maggie Hays North d apr s Wolfgram et codem pum 17 Figure 16 Lithologie a et zones d alt ration b dans le secteur de Sulphur Springs craton de Pilbara Australie d apr s Huston et al 1999 Vue en plan 22 Figure 17 Vue en plan de a la variation du ratio des caract ristiques d absorption Fe OH et AI OH et b la variation de la longueur d onde de l absorption Fe OH Les cercles montrent la localisation des chantillons analys s avec le PIMA Secteur de Sulphur Springs craton de Pilbara Australie d apr s Huston et al 1999 23 Figure 18 Comparaison du pourcentage de micas blancs et de l abondance d or dans un forage du prospect Barns d apr s Keeling et al 2004 La quantification des micas blancs provient de l analyse hyperspectrale HyLogger mais les valeurs en or
91. sion plus ancienne du prototype HyLogger de CSIRO source Jon Huntington commun pers 2006 Le syst me est tr s rapide un test a permis d analyser 50 km de carottes en trois mois dans un entrep t du Department of Primary Industries and Resources PIRSA dans le sud de l Australie r f rence Selon le cr ateur du prototype Jon Huntington plus de 120 km de carottes de forage auraient t analys es jusqu ici commun pers 2006 Un logiciel permet l identification automatique des min raux pr sents dans les forages http leme anu edu au Pubs Monographs regolith2005 Mauger pdf http www doir wa gov au documents gswa gsdFld36 2005 pdf http www syd dem csiro au research MMTG P685 Core Logging P685 htm instrument 5 http www pir sa gov au pages minerals remote hylogger htm sectID22392 amp templD 1 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 12 Pe CONSOREM P zn exploration min rale Les min raux actuellement d tectables incluent les argiles kaolinite dickite etc les micas blancs diff rentes esp ces la pyrophyllite la chlorite le talc l antigorite le gypse l alunite la biotite la phlogopite l pidote le topaze la tourmaline les carbonates calcite dolomite sid rite magn site ank rite et des oxydes de fer h matite goethite et jarosite Jon Huntington commun pers 2006 2 5 Analyseur XRF portable La compagnie am ricaine Thermo Electron Corp http www niton com index2
92. sont obtenues par d autres m thodes 24 Figure 19 Visualisation des types de carbonates avec le HyLogger source affiche de CSIRO Le graphique de gauche montre la proportion d ank rite 25 LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 Comparaison de certains appareils portables pour les mesures de susceptibilit Mee ORPI stone uatvene serwseasseaeseeuancee ase aes 3 Tableau 2 Caract ristiques d un appareil portable mesurant la conductivit lectrique 6 Tableau 3 Caract ristiques d un scintillom tre portable 7 Tableau 4 Comparaison de certains spectrom tres gamma portables 8 Tableau 5 Comparaison de deux spectrometres infrarouges portables 11 Tableau 6 Exemples d utilisation du PIMA en exploration d apr s Thompson et al 1999 20 Tableau 7 Sommaire des min raux d tectables par le PIMA d apr s Thompson et al 1999 21 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage iV D SOREM Jd ner us de Poche i hie n cxp oration mnc ile 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Probl matique Bien que le forage au diamant repr sente fr quemment la partie la plus co teuse d un programme d exploration mini re les donn es extraites des carottes restent traditionnellement limit es aux descriptions qualitatives des g ologues et aux analyses chimiques pour les m taux d importance conomique Pourtant il existe une panoplie d instruments pouvant m
93. st une propri t caract ristique d un conducteur donn alors que la r sistance d pend du volume du CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 5 D SOREM Jd PTE ITI a die Frs hi i hi n cxp oration mnc ile mat riel La r sistivit montre quel point le mat riel s oppose l coulement d un courant unit SI le ohm m tre Les mesures de conductivit lectrique sur les carottes peuvent aider planifier ou interpr ter les lev s EM et les lev s lectriques La pyrite la pyrrhotite la gal ne et la chalcopyrite notamment sont de bons conducteurs alors que ce n est pas le cas de la sphal rite Pour g n rer une bonne r ponse les min raux conducteurs doivent tre connect s pour faire en sorte que tout le corps min ralis soit conducteur Les mesures de conductivit lectrique sur les carottes aideront pr voir ou mod liser la r ponse EM d une zone min ralis e Moins d appareils semblent disponibles pour les mesures de conductivit lectrique que pour la susceptibilit magn tique Le MPP EM2S de GDD Instrumentation qui mesure aussi la susceptibilit magn tique a t pr sent au Tableau 1 Une alternative est le GCM 2 Tableau 2 Tableau 2 Caract ristiques d un appareil portable mesurant la conductivit lectrique Nom complet GCM 2 Hand Held Conductivity Meter Geo Instruments www terraplus ca Distributeurs www fugroinstruments com BQ NQ HQ PQ AQ ou fait
94. ta and generates reports with included NITON Data Transfer NDT software XLt features a miniaturized x ray tube for efficient excitation of a broad range of elements while minimizing the regulatory requirements most countries place on isotope based instruments XLi XLP XLT 500 SPECIFICATIONS Principle of Operation Radioisotope source s Radiation Safety Features Radiation exposure Electronics X ray Detector Calibration Measurement times Display Audible LED signals Internal data storage Downloading Remote operation CONSOREM Non destructive chemical analysis via simultaneous detection and quantification of fluorescent x rays of multiple elements in test sample X ray fluorescence XRF induced by one or more sealed radioisotope sources One or more of the following 16d Maximum 40 mCi 1850 MBq Half life 1 27 years Fe Maximum 20 mCi 1480 MBq Half life 2 73 years Am Maximum 30 mCi 1110 MBq Half life 432 2 years Password protected shutter operation 4 shutter open indicator LED s Automatic shutter close and lock mechanism activates in event of battery or power failure Sample proximity sensor activation optional in U S Two handed safety interlock activation optional in U S With safety shutter s open while testing samples exposure to user s hand lt 05 mR hr lt Sv hr u0 5 Hitachi SH4 CPU ASICS high speed DSP 4096 channel MCA High performance thermo electr
95. tc Gangue minerals such as quartz are in fact insulators and a typical proportion greatly reduces the overall measured conductivity Measurements on rock samples rarely give values more than 104 S m and generally range down to 1 S m Values of the order of 100 S m are most typical and values greater than 105 S m are not observed The range of measurement of the GCM 2 10 1 to 105 S m has been arranged to cover these typical values Instances of where the values would exceed the maximum value of the GCM 2 105 S m would be pure metals such as native silver gold copper and iron As pyrrhotite and graphite are very good conductors their presence in a rock sample increases the conductivity The texture of minerals can generate anisotropy which results in the measured values being apparent and not true values Anisotropy will cause the conductivity measured by inductive means to be different from those measured galvanically A difference between galvanic and inductive measurements is therefore an indicator of anisotropy TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS DC DC Controls 6 key membrane keypad Display type and rate 2 line x 16 character LCD Displays menus and readings in analog and digital form with frequency used Digital Approximately once per second Analog 5 times per second Sensitivity 0 1 S m in INDUCTIVE MODE with appropriate sensors 0 1 ohm in GALVANIC MODE Dynamic range INDUCTIVE MODE 10 1 to 105 S m GALVANIC MODE 0 1
96. te data Typical precision in assay mode with a two minute integration is 0 4 K 1 PPM eU and 3 PPM eTh For general reconnaissance work the GR 135G may be operated in Scan mode with readings every second This mode provides a variable audio tone corresponding to count rate The graphics display uses a chart recorder type output in this mode displaying the last 60 readings Time is stored with each reading Memory storage is 10 000 samples or 200 spectra The GR 135G is truly a portable instrument weighing just 2 2 Kg An ergonomically designed handle and carryingcase with shoulder strap make it easy to carry in the field Built for rugged field conditions it will operate from 109 C to 509 C and is weatherproof A Base Station mode is available to monitor changes in local site conditions This may be useful to record radon flux changes Power is supplied by rechargeable battery pack or two alkaline D cell batteries Current battery condition is displayed Memory back up is provided by an internal lithium battery A single 4 way toggle switch handles all set up and control procedures Simple menus on the LCD display guide the user easily through set up The display features adjustable contrast for viewing in any light condition For Heath Physics applications the GR 135G is also offered as the GR 135 miniSpec With an EPROM change the software converts to Dose Meter Mode and Analysis Mode The GR 135 miniSpec becomes a real time dosim
97. tent quelques cas canadiens d applications Ils citent par exemple un gisement de sulfures massifs pr s de Timmins o un pseudo log g ologique a t obtenu en combinant trois lev s g ophysiques rayons gamma naturels susceptibilit magn tique et densit voir figure ci dessous d apr s Killeen et al 1997b Les diagraphies peuvent aussi servir pour caract riser les gisements d or comme le montre l tude de Mwenifumbo et al 2000 la mine Giant pr s de Yellowknife Les lev s g ophysiques suivants ont t r alis s sur quatre trous de forage spectrom trie des rayons gamma naturels densit de la roche diagraphie gamma gamma r sistivit polarisation induite IP diagraphie acoustique full waveform sonic susceptibilit magn tique et temp rature Pour la cartographie de la lithologie la spectrom trie gamma et la susceptibilit magn tique donnent les meilleurs r sultats suivis par la diagraphie acoustique Les sulfures diss min s ressortent bien sur un lev IP alors que les concentrations de s ricite sont rep rables sur un lev radiom trique CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE A 28 en cxpseration Meera Em d exploration minirale Geophysical Logs Pick Boundaries Pseudo Geology Gamma Ray Density Log MS Gamma Ray Density Log MS Gamma Ray Density Log MS cps g cm HSI CVPS g cm USI cps g cm HSI M ho eo n2 n oo O co n2 T3 e c o o
98. tifier de nombreux min raux s ils sont pr sents en quantit suffisante dans une roche Figure 6 Les spectrom tres infrarouges sont tr s utiles en t l d tection mais dans le cas de l exploration mini re on peut aussi s en servir notamment pour identifier des min raux d alt ration sur des carottes de forage ou en affleurement Le PIMA Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser par exemple mesure les spectres de r flectance entre 1300 et 2500 nm Plusieurs min raux d alt ration absorbent la radiation infrarouge ces longueurs d onde Sp cifiquement des min raux comme la chlorite les micas les carbonates les argiles et certains sulfates alunite gypse etc ressortent bien De plus pour certains min raux dont la chlorite et les carbonates il est possible de d terminer la chimie du min ral Figure 7 CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 9 CONSOREM Conan ies de recherehi en exploration mincrale Y t Feflecdance ji Alunite U Fi E Dickite A be f Kaolinite Na Qu E QUU C y f Muscovite i d 140 1600 1800 Wavelength nm d T i a Em 2200 2400 Figure 6 Diagramme composite montrant les spectres typiques de plusieurs min raux d alt ration des roches pour les longueurs d onde d tect es par le PIMA d apr s Thompson et al 1999 Figure 7 Diagrammes montrant les spectres typiques de plusieurs
99. tion zone delineation and lithology mapping ASD s TerraSpec spectrometer is optimized for these applications TerraSpec is the ideal tool for mapping of alteration mineralogy Most alteration minerals associated with economic deposits have unique and identifiable spectral signatures The measured spectral signature of a sample is determined by the minerals present their relative abundances their crystallinity and their compositional variation In many cases it is possible to both identify the mineral phases present in a sample as well as the thermal environment of its formation Unlike other instruments TerraSpec is available with full wavelength coverage opening the door to many new applications including assessment of acid mine drainage and mine reclamation TerraSpec is available with a wide range of sampling accessories making it suitable for measurements of rocks minerals tailings soils drill core cuttings and pulps TerraSpec is a high speed spectrometer allowing for collection of 1 200 spectra per hour This makes TerraSpec a great tool for core and chip tray logging In the case of drill cuttings the use of ASD s Contact Probe allows measurement directly in the chip tray eliminating the tedious and error prone process of transferring the chips to a separate sample container for analysis The ultra rugged portability of TerraSpec makes in place measurement of geologic transects and outcrop mapping a breeze Everyday
100. ton sp cial sur la derni re version de la sonde Option de connecter la sonde un ordinateur avec le logiciel GDD La simplicit de la prise de mesures et l enregistrement en mode manuel ou automatique vous permettront d obtenir facilement des profils de conductivit et de susceptibilit associ s aux carottes Cable USB Pile Dell Piles et chargeur Bo tier di trans por amp Otter 1 x Chargeur tui pour module Dell Cable DB9 Socle ACCESSOIRES INCLUS DANS L ENSEMBLE MPP EM2S SPECIFICATIONS Sonde MPP EM2S de GDD avec un c ble s rie DB9 Logiciel GDD pour votre Axim X5 de DellTM Module de lecture Axim X5 de DellTM avec pile Li ion 1440 mAh Pile Li ion 3400 mAh pour Axim X5 de DellTM Socle chargeur avec cable USB pour transfert des donn es Chargeur et piles Ni Mh pour la sonde MPP EM2S Boitier de transport Manuel d utilisation Fr quence d chantillonnage 10 fois par seconde Continu Fr quence d chantillonnage affich e 0 5 secondes Echantillonnage manuel en appuyant sur l cran tactile Auto chantillonnage 0 1 60 secondes NOUVEAU MODE GRAPHIQUE EN TEMPS REEL CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 44 D SOREM PA mains trale chantillonnage continu Visualisation graphique en temps r el Echelle logarithmique Options Fr quence d chantillonnage de 0 1 5 secondes Plusieurs vitesses d affichage du graphique sur
101. u param tre D 2230 2295 D 2180 2220 pour identifier les zones d alt ration proximale a chlorite Propri t Virgen P rou En g n ral il est pratiquement impossible d identifier les min raux des argiles l oeil nu or dans les gites aurif res pithermaux de type high sulfidation ces min raux sont tr s importants zone d alt ration argillique avanc e etc PetraScience Consultants a tudi les zones d alt ration de la propri t aurif re Virgen au P rou Gitennes Exploration Inc l aide du PIMA r f rence Les roches h tes de la min ralisation sont des s diments cr tac s et des and sites tertiaires Les min raux d tect s par le PIMA incluent l alunite la dickite la pyrophyllite le diaspore la kaolinite la smectite illite et le quartz Il semble que l alt ration en dickite puisse servir de vecteur vers la min ralisation 3 5 Analyse hyperspectrale automatis e HyLogger Un des objectifs du HyLogger en plus de num riser les carottes de forage est l identification des zones d alt ration hydrothermales Le spectrom tre serait assez sensible pour quantifier la chimie de certains min raux Deux tudes de cas sont pr sent es un prospect de fer oxydes Cu Au et un prospect aurif re http www petrascience com cases casesframe htm CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 23 D SOREM d iat de reehierelie en exploration min rale Prospect Emmie Bluff Le prospect fer oxyd
102. ults can be saved directly to your computer for future reference and as more image files are compiled they will be added to the layer As the diagram to the right indicates the HyLogger data layer is located in the Map Data area of SARIG under the Sampling and Drilling heading in the Layer Control panel Red points indicate drillholes where image files are available where as images for the grey points are currently unavailable 5 1 2 8 Case Study Emmie Bluff At the Emmie Bluff iron oxide copper gold prospect 470 km NW of Adelaide and 80 km SSE of the Olympic Dam Cu U Au deposit the spectral mapping system was able to characterise a number of alteration zones enveloping the deeper sub economic Cu Au mineralisation in basement These consist of distal white mica phases showing decreasing aluminium content towards mineralisation a zone of increased iron oxide content in the hanging wall to mineralisation and a zone proximal and coincident to Cu Au mineralisation that is enriched in chlorite with variable Mg Fe chemistry Note the upper mineralisation in Tapley Hill Formation was not scanned The speed and objectivity offered by such a system combined with assay data and visual log descriptions provide tremendous scope to increase the returned value on expensive drilling programs Early mapping of alteration zones some often larger than previously detected may provide more targeted and hence more cost effective driling programs as
103. ur Proceedings of the oymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems March 1997 p 963 972 Killeen P G Mwenifumbo C J Elliott B E et Chung C J 1997b Improving exploration efficiency by predicting geological drill core logs with geophysical logs Gubins A G diteur Proceedings of Exploration 97 Fourth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration p 713 716 Mattsson H et Thunehed H 2003 Simpevarp site investigation Measurements of petrophysical parameters on rock samples during autumn 2002 Rapport P 03 19 Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB SKB 24 p PDF Mwenifumbo C J Pflug K A et Elliott B E 2000 Application of multi sensor borehole geophysical measurements to gold exploration at the Giant Mine Yellowknife NWT preliminary results Proceedings of the Seventh international symposium on Borehole geophysics for minerals geotechnical and groundwater applications Golden CO Oct 24 26 2000 p 77 87 Mwenifumbo C J Elliott B E Jefferson C W Bernius G R et Pflug K A 2004 Physical rock properties from the Athabasca Group designing geophysical exploration models for unconformity uranium deposits Journal of Applied Geophysics v 55 p 117 135 Parasnis D S 1997 Principles of applied geophysics Chapman and Hall Londres 429 p CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage 26 D SOREM A exploration min rale
104. vec une alt ration hydrothermale grain fin et la min ralogie ne pourra alors tre pleinement identifi e l oeil nu C est dans ce type de contexte que des spectrom tres infrarouges comme le PIMA deviennent les plus utiles En effet plusieurs min raux d alt ration comme les micas la chlorite et les carbonates peuvent tre d tect s par ces appareils Les principes de la spectrom trie infrarouge sont donc d crits deux appareils portables sont compar s et quelques exemples d applications sont pr sent s notamment pour des gites de sulfures massifs volcanog nes et pour un indice aurif re pithermal Une des faiblesses du PIMA demeure le long temps de mesure et la nature ponctuelle des observations Le Hylogger un prototype australien combine un spectrom tre infrarouge tr s rapide avec une cam ra num rique haute r solution et une table X Y contr l e par ordinateur pour obtenir une information min ralogique et visuelle continue sur environ 700 m de carottes par jour Deux tudes de cas sont discut es un prospect fer oxydes Cu Au et un prospect aurif re Un autre appareil int ressant consiste en un analyseur XRF portable qui permet de d tecter la pr sence de plusieurs m taux sur le terrain gr ce la fluorescence X Des analyses quantitatives peuvent m me tre obtenues sur place condition de broyer et d homog n iser les chantillons et d effectuer une calibration Un dernier appareil qui m rite d
105. verse of COI 2nd Derwative 410 F nl F EI El al n 7 P TN L4 13 109 RSR ry 7 Dis pil Soo pe SENS SSS peice SE EF Oe St kann foe Cu 0 3 06 TSG screen view illustrating the close spatial association between silica dolomite zones and copper assays Upper plot shows the number of samples identified as containing dolomite per 3 m interval coloured by the intensity of the carbonate development This analysis draws on 44 300 spectral measurements over this 405 m hole Lower plot depicts a virtual core tray plot of copper assays rainbow colours per core tray section from the hole s collar at lower left to the end of hole at the upper right Each thin vertical coloured line covers one core tray section CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 67 D SOREM PA ie eios mi r E 6 FLUORESCENCE X a Analyseur XRF portable Niton http www niton com index2 asp Geochemical exploration survey amp ore body assessment The NITON XLi XLp XLt 500 Series portable XRF analyzer provides a highly reliable and accurate method for assaying mineral deposits in the field Measurements can be taken in situ i e directly on the ground on a rock face or a drill core Samples can also be prepared by grinding and sieving prior to analysis Sample preparation prior to measurement offers the advantage of providing homogeneity which in turn ensures reproducibility For a prospecto
106. y accurate and reliable data Most susceptibility meters use a ferrite cored coil This restricts the depth of penetration to typically 1 3 mm The KT 6 uses an air cored coil giving much larger depth penetration 90 of signal is from the first 20 mm This means that if sample is being measured that has a rough surface the KT 6 can be relied upon to give an accurate measurement of the rock s magnetite content This depth of penetration also allows more accurate results from all rock types due to the better volume analysis that occurs with this feature FEATURES Sensitivity 1 x 10 SI units Auto range Real susceptibility automatic calculated A Air cored coil for more accurate data LCD display to read easily in bright sunlight Easy to operate single push button Autoscan mode for core analysis Audio indication of relative reading values Data memory 70 readings QV battery typically 150 hr s battery life Output RS 232C Real time and date CONSOREM Optimisation des donn es de forage ANNEXE C 36 oe o P exploration min rale f GMS 2 Magnetic Susceptibility Meter htto www fugroinstruments com html inst orod magsus htm The GMS 2 is a high sensitivity portable hand held magnetic susceptibility meter with both digital and analog readout The analog and digital display provides the best of both worlds for those who prefer one display over another The unit is microprocessor c
107. ype nomm Airborne and Laboratory Imaging Spectrometer et cinq chantillons de carottes de forage fendues du JM Reef furent trait s Les chercheurs ont analys les images du spectrom tre pour mesurer le pourcentage de sulfures et compar ces r sultats avec des comptages de points sur les m mes carottes Il semble que pour l instant l analyse spectrale sous estime le pourcentage de sulfures dans tous les cas mais des am liorations de la m thode demeurent possibles Complexe de Sudbury Gallie et al 2002 ont tent de r soudre plus ou moins le m me probl me d termination du pourcentage de sulfures dans des roches mafiques ou ultramafiques gr ce l analyse hyperspectrale infrarouge et rayonnement visible Sp cifiquement leur objectif tait de d terminer le pourcentage de certains sulfures dont la chalcopyrite et la pentlandite et non pas le pourcentage total des sulfures comme dans l tude de Bolin et Moon 2003 sur des chantillons min ralis s et st riles provenant de huit mines de la r gion de Sudbury ON Le spectrom tre choisi tait un appareil portable le FieldSpec FR fabriqu par Analytical Spectral Devices Inc http www asdi com products FSP asp La grandeur de champ de l appareil est de 5 cm et donc les chantillons devaient tre de taille suffisante Le spectrom tre fournit des mesures entre 350 et 2500 nm ce qui repr sente un spectre plus tendu que le PIMA Les auteurs arrivent esti

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