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1. S Bertagnolio G Masy J Lebrun and P Andr Building and HVAC system simulation with the help of an engineering equation solver SimBuild 2008 Conference Berkeley USA J Lebrun Climatisation le confort thermique Notes de cours 2003 2004 Universit de Li ge Klein S A Alvarado F L 2002 Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 EES Engineering Equation Solver F chart software 11 Mars 2005 Arr t du Gouvernement flamand tablissant des exigences en mati re de performance nerg tique et de climat int rieur des b timents Moniteur belge vendredi 17 juin 2005 Prix d achat de l nergie par les m nages APERE Revue Renouvelle 1 trimestre 2007 Logiciel EPB software Calcul du niveau E en Flandres Logiciel d velopp par DECYSIS Y A Cengel Heat and mass transfer a practical approach Mc Graw Hill 2006 J Lebrun How to Effectively Use Advanced Research Energy Saving Technologies in HVAC Systems Notes de cours donn a Gliwice May 2004 Universit de Li ge D Marchio P Stabat Echangeur arros a plaques ou a tubes Ecole des mines de Paris Centre d Energ tique ao t 2000 G Masy Mod le dynamique simplifi de b timent d finition et m thode d
2. A ECBCS Annex 23 P Warren Multizone Air Flow Modelling COMIS Technical Synthesis Report 2000 IEA ECBCS Annex 24 H Hens Heat Air and Moisture Transfer in Highly Insulated Building Envelopes Technical Synthesis Report 2002 IEA ECBCS Annex 40 Commissioning of HVAC systems 2000 2005 Website www commissioning hvac org IEA ECBCS Annex 43 Validation of simulation models 2003 2007 P Andr J Lhoest Testing and Validation of Building Energy Simulation tools Digest du rapport final de la sous t che C June 2007 IEA ECBCS Annex 43 Validation of simulation models 2003 2007 C Adam P Andr B Georges J Lebrun V Lemort J Lhoest G Masy Testing and Validation of Building Energy Simulation tools Rapport de la premi re tude de cas simulation int gr e maison r sidentielle de Gesves June 2007 G Masy Dynamic Simulation on Simplified Building Models and Interaction with Heating Systems 7 International Conference on System Simulation in Buildings Li ge December 2006 Ph Andr C Aparecida Silva J Hannay J Lebrun V Lemort and V Teodorese Simulation of HVAC systems development and validation of simulation models and examples of practical applications Keynote presented at Mercofrio 2006 Porto Alegre Brazil October17 20 2006 Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to He
3. NOMENCLATURE 1 PERFORMANCES M Air mass flow rate M co2 CO mass flow rate MM Molar mass X co2 Air CO concentration dM dtaucoz in Vi Va L m a Em n Hp Apersp Hsweat Qc Qrad Qconv Ask C PMV PPD fcomfort profile Cset occ tin T dd la Fyin Pw Pw s RH COP Variation of room indoor CO mass Room indoor volume Moist air specific volume Thermal imbalance of the human body Metabolism not converted in work and dissipated as heat Heat flow dissipated to ambiance through breathing and skin Metabolism Mechanical efficiency Enthalpy taken away by the breathing air Perspiration i e steam diffusion through skin Sweating steam diffusion Heat flow through clothing Radiation heat exchange with ambiance Convection heat exchange with ambiance Human body skin area Occupant susceptibility Predicted Mean Vote Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied Factor equal to 1 when comfort is required 0 when it isn t Temperature set point during occupancy period Indoor temperature Time Degree days Moist air dry temperature Moist air humidity ratio kg dryair Water mass flow rate Fictitious surcharge of indoor moisture capacity Water vapor partial pressure of moist air total pressure Water vapor partial pressure of saturated moist air Relative humidity of moist air System efficiency System coefficient of performance K day i Ke weiter kg s Pa Pa Definition and
4. SIS X coz Air CO concentration X co set Air CO concentration set point C Invert of the differential of indoor CO concentration controller rpMfan Fan rotation speed TPMfannom Nominal fan rotation speed COP a ise Chiller coefficient of performance ta su cd Chiller condenser air supply temperature 8 SUMMER COMFORT ANALYSIS Outdoor temperature Indoor temperature Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied Pa kg s Pa s kg Pa m s mykg Pa m s m mykg kg s kg s Pa Pa Pa ppm ppm ppm rev min rev min C C 3C Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 9 CONNECTION WITH HEATING OR HVAC SYSTEM ts floor Heating floor surface temperature AC tin Indoor temperature C tw Water temperature C troomunder Temperature of the room under heating floor C Retoor in Heat transfer resistance between floor surface and indoor node K W Rw floor Heat transfer resistance between water pipes and floor surface K W Rfioor losses Heat transfer resistance between water pipes and room under K W Cfioor Floor heat capacity J K One floor Heat flow supplied by the heating floor to the zone W 0 floor Heat flow supplied by the water to the heating floor W Q floor storage Heat flow stored in the floor heat capacity W Efloor Heating floor heat exchange efficiency Cy floor Heating floor water heat capacity rate W K tw su floor Heating fl
5. U Wall overall heat transfer coefficient W m K 4 BUILDING SIMPLIFIED MODEL DEFINITION R Heat transfer resistance of a zone light external walls K W R21 R22 Heat transfer resistances of a zone massive external walls K W Cz Heat capacity of a zone massive external walls J K R3 Heat transfer resistance of a zone massive internal walls K W C3 Heat capacity of a zone massive internal walls J K C4 Heat capacity associated to a zone indoor node J K Ry Heat transfer resistance modeling zone ventilation heat losses K W R4 Heat transfer resistance of light walls separating zones K W Rs z1 Rsz2 Heat transfer resistances of massive walls separating zones K W Cs Heat capacity of massive walls separating zones J K ty Outdoor node temperature C tz Node temperature associated to C capacity C tz Node temperature associated to C3 capacity aC ta Indoor node temperature C Os Ventilation heat exchange between zone and outdoor W Dies Transmission heat exchange between zone and outdoor W Gr Emission from zone heating system W Qsot Heat gains from direct solar intensity through windows W Qoce Heat gains from occupants lighting and appliances W Uca Energy stored in C capacity J Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 5 BUILDING SIMPLIFIED MODEL VALIDATION Y Outdoor heat flow response factor for indoor temperature impulse Wim Z Indoor heat flow response factor fo
6. Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 2 SOLAR HEAT GAINS AND SKY RADIATION db w Heat gains from direct solar intensity through windows W SF Window solar factor g Glazing solar factor fr Ratio of frame area in the whole window area Ip Direct solar intensity on a plane of a given slope and azimuth W m Aw Window area including glazing and frame m Ibn Direct solar intensity measured on a horizontal plane W m2 0 Angle between sum beams and normal direction to a given wall rad 0z Angle between sum beams and vertical direction rad Aegw Window equivalent solar area including glazing and frame m p Wall slope 0 for horizontal position 7 2 for vertical rad y Sun azimuth 0 for sun on south gt 0 for sun on west rad Yp Wall azimuth 0 for south facing wall gt 0 for west facing wall rad Sun declination rad p Latitude rad Longitude rad w True solar time rad An Longitude expressed in h h Oh True solar time expressed in h h UTC Coordinated Universal Time in h h ET Equation of Time in h h hew Clock time in winter h Rize Clock time in summer h his Solar time of the place under consideration h dar w Heat gains from diffuse and reflected solar intensities through windows W lar Diffuse and reflected solar intensities on a plane of a given slope Wim lan Diffuse solar intensity measured on a horizontal plane W m Ibn Direct solar intensity measured on a hori
7. ating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 11 12 13 14 e 15 16 17 18 19 20 Ph Andr J Lebrun V Lemort G Masy V Teodorese D veloppement de mod les pour la simulation des syst mes de chauffage ventilation et conditionnement d air Communication presented at the CFQ conference Montr al May 2007 Ph Andr B Georges V Lemort J Lebrun G Masy A friendly tool for comparative energy evaluation of different space heating systems in residential buildings Communication presented at the Passive House Symposium Zolder 6 October 2006 X Xu and S Wang Optimal simplified thermal models of building envelope based on frequency domain regression using genetic algorithm Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China Energy and Building Conference 2007 G Fraisse C Viardot J Hannay G Achard Development of building Models based on Electrical Analogy Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ing nierie de l Environnement Universit de Savoie France Communication presented at the System Simulation in Buildings Conference 2002 C Felsmann G Knobe H Werdin Simulation of Domestic Heating Systems by integration of TRNSYS in a MATLAB SIMULINK Model Communication presented at the System Simulation in Buildings Conference 2002 D Herron G Walton L Lawrie Bu
8. e validation Projet Sisal Minergibat Rapport Semestriel avril 2007 Annexe 2 G Masy V Nicolai Validation d un mod le dynamique simplifi pour le secteur r sidentiel Projet Sisal Minergibat Rapport Semestriel avril 2007 Annexe 4 G Masy Building Tightness and Air Renewal IEA Annex 40 Final Subtask B2 Development of Functional Performance Testing procedures January 2005 O Morisot D Marchio HEATEX changeur de chaleur mod le NUT e en enthalpie ou en temp rature de VHVAC2 Toolkit Ecole des mines de Paris Centre d nerg tique mars 1999 Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy
9. ebrun Simulation thermique des b timents par des mod les simplifi s du second ordre mode d emploi et applications Universit de Li ge d cembre 1983 PNG831209 01 P Ngendakumana Etude de l introduction des ph nom nes solaires dans les mod les simplifi s de batiments Universit de Li ge octobre 1984 PNG841026 01 P Ngendakumana G Liebecq Les facteurs de r ponse simplifi s de paroi Universit de Li ge f vrier 1986 PNG860215 01 P Ngendakumana Les facteurs de r ponse simplifi s de paroi Universit de Li ge f vrier 1986 PNG860215 01 Comparison of Load Determination Methodologies for Building Energy Analysis Programs US Department of Energy Washington Prepared for international Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings amp Community Systems Program January 1981 M Sherman D Grimsrud Measurement of Infiltration using Fan Pressurization and Weather Data Energy and Environment Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California 1980 A Blomsterberg M Modera D Grimsrud Mobile infiltration test unit Its design and capabilities preliminary experimental results Energy and Environment Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California 1981 M Liddament A Guide to Energy Efficient Ventilation Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heat
10. ilding Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics BLAST program users manual Army Construction Engineering Research Lab Champaign IL 1981 R Sonderegger Dynamic Models of House Heating based on Equivalent Thermal Parameters Princeton University Press 1977 M Kummert Contribution to the application of modern control techniques to solar buildings simulation based approach and experimental validation PHD Thesis Fondation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise 2001 L Laret Contribution au d veloppement de mod les math matiques du comportement thermique transitoire de structures d habitation Th se de doctorat Universit de Li ge 1981 F Lorenz G Masy M thode d valuation de l conomie d nergie apport e par l intermittence de chauffage dans les b timents Traitement par diff rences finies d un mod le a deux constantes de temps Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heati ng System and HVAC Unit G Masy 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Universit de Li ge janvier 1982 GM820130 01 G Masy Building dynamic simplified model Working document IEA 43 February 2006 HEPL Rennequin Sualem GM060228 01 G Masy Modelling of wall equivalent solar area Working document IEA 43 February 2006 HEPL Rennequin Sualem GM060228 01 P Ngendakumana J L
11. ing System and HVAC Unit G Masy 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre University of Warwick Science Park March 1996 K Bathe Finite Element Procedures Prentice Hall International Editions 1996 Recknagel Sprenger HOnmann Manuel pratique du genie climatique PYC Editions 1986 Ngendakumana P Mod lisation simplifi e du comportement thermique d un b timent et v rification exp rimentale Ph D Thesis in Applied Sciences Universit de Li ge Laboratoire de Physique du b timent 1988 S Filfli Optimisation b timent syst me pour minimiser les consommations dues la climatisation Ecole des mines de Paris 2006 M Dupont Potentiel d conomies d nergie par les services nerg tiques application au cycle de vie des quipements de conversion d nergie Ecole des mines de Paris 2006 Davies M G Building Heat Transfer John Wiley amp Sons Chichester England 2004 N Heijmans P Wouters Ch Delmotte D Van Orshoven La ventilation des immeubles de bureau vers une meilleure expression des exigences Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment 2005 J H Klote A General Routine For Analysis of Stack Effect U S Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology 1991 CD ROM Energie UCL Service Architecture et Climat
12. io kg dryair Air mass flow rate Steam mass flow rate Moist air enthalpy Steam enthalpy Latent heat of vaporization Vapor specific heat at constant pressure Air specific heat at constant pressure Convection heat transfer coefficient Mass transfer conductance Moist air humidity ratio for saturated air kg dryair Enthalpy of saturated air at temperature ty Moist air wet bulb temperature Water side cooling coil thermal resistance Metal cooling coil thermal resistance Air side dry air cooling coil thermal resistance Air side saturated air cooling coil thermal resistance Wet cooling coil contact heat transfer coefficient Wet cooling coil contact effectiveness Wet cooling coil contact temperature Kgwater kg dryair S KQwatedS J kg dryair J kg water J kg water J kg K J kg K W m K kg m S Kg water Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IEA ECBCS Annex 3 Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings Anon Calculation Methods to Predict Energy savings in Residential Buildings 1983 IEA ECBCS Annex 10 J Lebrun G Liebecq System Simulation Synthesis Report 1988 IEA ECBCS Annex 21 L G Mansson Calculation of Energy amp Environmental Performance of Buildings Technical Synthesis Report 1998 IE
13. oor water supply temperature C w ex floor Heating floor water exhaust temperature C C t tw su floor set Heating floor water supply set point temperature tw su floornom Heating floor water supply temperature for nominal conditions C Tout Outdoor temperature C toutnom Outdoor nominal temperature a tset Indoor set point temperature C Cff Feed forward proportional action factor Cro Feed back proportional action factor Giy Invert of the differential of water supply temperature controller K i Cin Invert of the differential of zone indoor temperature controller K te ground Ground capacity node temperature C tgrouna Ground temperature G tgiw suev Brine water heat pump evaporator brine supply temperature C Rgrouna ftuia Heat transfer resistance between ground capacity node and brine K W Rgrouna Ground heat transfer resistance K W Cground Ground heat capacity J K Qey Heat flow supplied to the brine water heat pump evaporator W Q su grouna Heat flow supplied by the ground heat exchanger W Q ground storageHeat flow stored in the ground heat capacity W NTU Heat exchanger number of transfer units AU Heat exchanger overall heat transfer coefficient W K a Heat exchanger air heat capacity rate W K Cw Heat exchanger water heat capacity rate W K E Heat exchanger efficiency Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy Moist air humidity rat
14. r indoor temperature impulse Wim At Time step for the computation of walls response factors S N Finite elements temperature interpolation matrix B Finite elements temperature gradient interpolation matrix m Ns Finite elements surface temperature interpolation matrix C Finite elements capacity matrix J K L Finite elements conductivity matrix W K H Finite elements convection and radiation matrix W K h Heat transfer coefficient including convection and radiation W m K 0 Finite elements nodal temperatures vector C 0 Finite elements surface nodes temperatures vector C Osoro Indoor heat flow from convolution on zone response factors W QoutisothermaMdoor heat flow response to outdoor temperature W On isothernal Indoor heat flow response to indoor temperature for isothermal boundary conditions walls W in adiabatic Indoor heat flow response to indoor temperature for adiabatic boundary conditions walls W Aout isotherma Convolution correction factor for Oh Ain isothermat Convolution correction factor for One linadiapatic Convolution correction factor for Qin adiabatic O rearing Emission from zone heating system W On shite nan Maximum emission from zone heating system W X Control factor tin Indoor temperature C tset Temperature set point C X Control factor C Invert of the differential of zone indoor temperature controller K 1 tinref Reference indoor temperature C tin Daily mean indoor temperature 2G Atin Daily indoor temperatu
15. re amplitude C RMS Root mean square of the error on indoor temperature C dmp Indoor temperature dampening ratio Ect Daily mean indoor temperature for a static computation C Atin st Daily indoor temperature amplitude for a static computation C teqout Equivalent outdoor temperature AG ta out Outdoor air temperature C a Shortwave absorption factor E Emissivity hout Outdoor heat transfer coefficient convection and radiation W m K sol Solar radiation reaching outdoor wall surface W m Q sky ir Sky radiation related to outdoor wall surface W m Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 6 VENTILATION MODELS Ap Pressure drop through ventilation aperture M Air mass flow rate through ventilation aperture n Air mass flow rate exponent 0 for laminar for turbulent flow K Constant of ventilation aperture resistance APwinad Wind pressure Pe Wind pressure factor Uwind Wind speed Vout Outdoor air specific volume APpuoyancy Buoyancy pressure g Acceleration of gravity Z Level v Air specific volume CSO Controlled Supply Orifice CEO Controlled Exhaust Orifice TO Transfer Orifice Mms Mechanical supply air mass flow rate Mme Mechanical exhaust air mass flow rate APauct Duct pressure drop AD nie Supply unit pressure drop including pressure balance device APanu Pressure drop through Air Handling Unit 7 AIR QUALITY ANALY
16. zontal plane W m Ten Total solar intensity measured on a horizontal plane W m p Surrounding ground albedo Liz Infrared radiation emitted by an area of a given slope W m linn Infrared radiation emitted by an horizontal plane Wim lir hcs Infrared radiation of a horizontal plane for clear sky conditions W m lir h cc Infrared radiation of a horizontal plane for covered sky conditions W m J Relative solar intensity at a given time Jee Relative solar intensity for covered sky conditions Jee 0 354 Jes Relative solar intensity for clear sky conditions Jes 1 ltn Total solar intensity on a horizontal plane at a given time W m lines Total solar intensity on a horizontal plane for clear sky conditions Wim Definition and Validation of a Simplified Multizone Dynamic Building Model Connected to Heating System and HVAC Unit G Masy 3 WALL MODEL DEFINITION Lb Temperature variations expressed as complex quantities ZE Jod Heat flow variations expressed as complex quantities W m2 w Pulsation rad s d Thickness m a Thermal diffusivity m s Thermal conductivity W m K p Mass density kg m c Specific heat J kg K K Wall transmittance W m K Ay Wall admittance W m K v Frequency of a sinusoidal signal s7 fa Dampening factor of a sinusoidal signal R Wall heat transfer resistance m K W C Wall heat capacity J m K p Useful proportion of wall overall heat capacity 0 Accessibility of wall overall heat capacity

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