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1. apprentissage apprenticeship apprentissage par la pratique learning by doing approche de d veloppement de march market development approach appui au d veloppement du march des SAE BDS market development association d entreprises business association association professionnelle trade association auto emploi self employment bailleur de fonds donor canal de distribution market channel capital risque social social venture capital centre d affaires business center chambre de commerce chamber of commerce ch que voucher ch que formation training voucher climat d investissement investment climate comp tences de base en technologies de l information et de la communication basic ICT skills comp tences professionnelles vocational skills conseil advice conseil en production production advice service d veloppement des comp tences skills development conomies d chelle externes external economies enseignement distance distance learning enseignement technique et formation professionnelle vocational education and training VET entreprenariat entrepreneurship environnement des affaires business environment environnement habilitant enabling environment tude de march market assessment p 50 tude de march des SAE
2. REL Lifelong learning Initial VET VET EXP Interventions might support community learning centres and the use of open and distance learning technologies DEF Adapted from DDC Vocational Education and Training Glossary www vetnet ch CONT Ibid formation continue DEF CONT OBS REF CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage Mesures et activit s de formation financ es enti rement ou partiellement par les entreprises au profit des membres du personnel qu elles emploient La formation continue des salari s en entreprise repose de fait et dans la plupart des pays sur des dispositions l gales qui fixent une obligation de contribution des entreprises contribution qui elle m me d termine des types montants et parfois modalit s de formation REL Formation professionnelle continue EXP On distingue la formation professionnelle continue des salari s et la formation professionnelle continue des ch meurs La d finition ci dessus renvoie la premi re cat gorie DEF D apr s Walther R Les m canismes du financement de la formation professionnelle Une comparaison Europe Afrique AFD 2005 p 65 CONT Ibid p 95 NI 11 NI 12 EN cross sector service DEF service that is applicable in a variety of sectors and sub sectors such as accounting
3. REL termes li s USG usage NI 40 EN Vocational Education and Training VET DEF Education and training that aims to prepare people for work including their ability to cope with all aspects of the social economic and technical environment VET refers not only to passing on task specific skills but also to a more broad type of skills also referred to as core skills transferable skills portable skills key competencies essential skills life skills It aims to make people employable CONT Human capabilities are essential for a firm s competitiveness innovation and growth Public efforts that enhance the provision of vocational training aim to improve the aptness of labour supply Vocational training can be provided by public and private institutions OBS REL Initial VET continuing VET occupational training re training skills development EXP Vocational education and training refers not only to passing on task specific skills but also to a more broad type of skills also referred to as core skills transferable skills portable skills key competencies etc REF DEF OBS Adapted from DDC Vocational Education and Training Glossary www vetnet ch CONT Ibid FR enseignement technique et formation professionnelle DEF Secteur particulier du syst me de l ducation et de la formation ouvert sur le monde du travail et de Pemploi dont l objet est de pr parer Pexercice d une profession par un ense
4. cluster DEF CONT OBS REF FR group of geographically linked firms generating external economies Clusters include firms in one of more core value chains along with the firms providing services to them Clusters also include organisations such as trade associations universities and vocational schools financial intermediaries and local and national government agencies Clusters are environments of cooperation that aid firms to improve efficiencies beyond individual capacity fostering competitiveness and growth Clusters imply a certain level of management structure and concentration of firms which permits the development of support markets Cluster development is often part of sector promotion strategies and local economic development REL Clustering network DEF USAID AMAP BDS Knowledge and Practice Task Order Lexicon Micro note nr6 March 2005 CONT FAUNO Relationship between different PDS fields 2005 syst me productif local grappe d entreprises DEF CONT OBS REF Concentration sectorielle et g ographique d entreprises qui ont des activit s similaires produisent des produits connexes ou compl mentaires et qui donc se trouvent face des d fis et opportunit s communs En Inde au sein du syst me productif local de machines outils de Bangalore l appui fourni en 2002 a essentiellement port sur la cr ation de r seaux et de consortiums afin de faciliter le partage d inform
5. BDS market assessment tude sectorielle sector analysis facilitateur facilitator facilitation du march market facilitation faiblesse du march market weakness fili re value chain fonds de cofinancement matching grant formation continue continuing VET continuing vocational training formation de formateurs training of trainers formation en alternance alternance training formation en ligne e learning formation professionnelle vocational training formation professionnelle initiale initial vocational education and training formation sur le lieu de travail on the job training fournisseur supplier grappe d entreprises cluster inefficacit du march market failure information sur le march market information liens d affaires business linkages liens de march market links march forte valeur ajout e high value market march d faillant weak market mentorat mentoring micro et petite entreprise MPE micro and small enterprise MSE micro entreprise microenterprise mise en r seau networking niveau de qualification level of qualification offre d information information provision op rateur practitioner PE petite entreprise SE small enterprise p pini re d entreprises business incubator person
6. Dini M SME Cluster and Network Development in Developing Countries The Experience of UNIDO UNIDO PSD Technical Working Papers Series Working Paper no 2 1999 28 pages http www unido org userfiles RussoF Giopaper pdf The paper describes the background and experience of the UNIDO technical assistance programme for SME networking through four UNIDO projects in Honduras Nicaragua Mexico and Jamaica Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Business Development Services For Small Enterprises Guiding Principles For Donor Intervention 2001 Edition 15 pages http www ilo org public english employment ent papers guide htm This important paper presents the underlying assumptions and principles of BDS inter ventions the different phases of program design and evaluation and the implications for donors Gminder C U Gender oriented Entrepreneurship Promotion Strategies and Tools along the Project Cycle SDC Employment and Income Division 2004 http www sdc admin ch ressources resource_en_24210 pdf userhash ebc8aba2efa2b 1ea194d56c92be776a5 The objective of this manual is to assist practitioners of small enterprise development in their effort to implement gender balanced programs thus contributing to the empowerment of women as entrepreneurs It presents strategic approaches and offers practical tools Kaplinksy R Readman J Integrating SMEs in Global Value Chains Towards Partnership for Development UNID
7. Glossaire sur les services d appui aux petites entreprises et la formation professionnelle DEZA AAN DDC SERB A DSC BF Libers gatis Pravernin spc ie MMS cosupe e PRPS gt Septembre 2006 Avant propos Ce glossaire bilingue des termes de l appui non financier aux entreprises et de la formation professionnelle a t cr pour les praticiens Il est avant tout con u comme un outil d aide la traduction facilitant la compr hension du vocabulaire de r f rence notamment pour les francophones qui souhaitent avoir acc s aux ouvrages anglo saxons Le glossaire vise galement normaliser des termes encore mal d finis Le champ du d veloppement consistant appuyer le d veloppement des micro et petites entreprises se heurte des difficult s terminologiques qui ont motiv la constitution de ce document Constatant la pr dominance de la terminologie anglo saxonne le manque d quivalents consacr s et fixes le flou entourant certaines d finitions nous avons souhait contribuer la clarification et la fixation du vocabulaire de ce domaine Ce vocabulaire volue en outre rapidement En t moigne le d bat virtuel sur la terminologie organis par le SEEP Network en avril 2005 qui posait notamment la question de la perti nence du terme BDS Pourquoi le terme BDS pose t il probl me D abord parce qu avec Pusage il en est venu a d signer a la fois le
8. REF DEF D apr s BDPA Cabinet P Paris Jexco Tech dev Des services d information aux entreprises Probl matique d intervention DGCID DCT EAP 2003 p 6 CONT Nussbaum M et Miehlbradt A Etude de l offre et de la demande de BDS sur les march s peu d velopp s SEEP Network d cembre 2003 p 33 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 24 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 25 EN matching grant DEF Instrument consisting in a matching funding usually on a 50 50 basis provided by a facilitating agency to the business for an identified technical assistance service supplied by a consulting firm By reducing the amount the consumer has to pay matching grants encourage SMEs to try a service that they wouldn t have used if they had to pay the full amount CONT Matching grants have primarily been used in export oriented programmes mainly for consulting and advisory services and provide between 30 and 60 of the costs Grants are used to address both demand and supply issues They might mitigate the high initial development costs of service suppliers to develop appropriate SME support services or partly subsidise MSE service consumption OBS REL Voucher REF DEF Adapted from DDC Developing Markets for Business Development Services Designing and Implementing More Effective Interventions SED Issue Paper
9. market failure inefficacit du march market information information sur le march matching grant fonds de cofinancement Micro and Small Enterprises MSE micro et petites entreprises MPE business network r seau d entreprises on the job training formation sur le lieu de travail p 4 sd ies 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Al 42 43 44 45 46 47 50 53 58 NI 30 NI 31 NI 32 NI 33 NI 34 NI 35 NI 36 NI 37 NI 38 NI 39 NI 40 NI 4 NI 42 practitioner praticien sector secteur service provider prestataire de service Small and medium scale enterprises SME petites et moyennes entreprises PME Small Enterprise SE petite entreprise PE stand alone service service ind pendant supply strengthening renforcement de Poffre trade association association professionnelle trainee personne form e value chain fili re Vocational Education and Training VET enseignement technique et formation professionnelle voucher ch que business environment environnement des affaires Lexique anglais fran ais Lexique fran ais anglais Bibliographie et ressources en ligne Proposition de typologie des tailles d entreprises pS EN advice DEF CONT OBS REF FR Type of service provided alone or as part of a transaction or another service by an expert to enterprises consisting of a recommendation regardi
10. micro credit web design and tax related services CONT Support to cross sector service markets benefits enterprises in different sectors in contrast to sub sector services which are services serving a particular market sub sector or value chain OBS REL Generic service sector oriented service EXP Interventions can for example aim to develop an accounting service that is accessible for MSE through the dissemination of research and analysis to accountants that serve SME REF DEF Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 p 25 CONT Ibid p 48 FR service transversal DEF Service transversal plusieurs secteurs comme la comptabilit la fiscalit la gestion d entreprise CONT Les services transsectoriels entre continuit et innovation les nouvelles activit s sont souvent sectorielles Toutefois des services transversaux continuent d tre promus comme la comptabilit ducation en gestion de base ou la fiscalit OBS REL Service transsectoriel REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 5 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 12 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations 17 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p DEE EN demand driven service DEF Service
11. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Avant propos Remerciements Comment lire une fiche Fiches terminologiques 1 42 NI 1 NI 2 NI 3 NI 4 NI 5 NI 6 NI 7 NI 8 NI 9 NI 10 NI 11 NI 12 NI 13 NI 14 NI 15 NI 16 NI 17 NI 18 NI 19 NI 20 NI 21 NI 22 NI 23 NI 24 NI 25 NI 26 NI 27 NI 29 advice conseil apprenticeship apprentissage BDS market development d veloppement du march des SAE bundled service services combin s business association association d entreprises business centre centre d affaires Business Development Services BDS services d appui aux entreprises business incubator p pini re d entreprises business linkages liens d affaires cluster syst me productif local grappe d entreprises Continuing Vocational Education and Training Continuing VET formation continue cross sector service service transversal demand driven service service orient par la demande embedded service service int gr facilitator facilitateur fee based service service factur high value market march forte valeur ajout e information provision offre d information Initial Vocational Education and Training Initial VET formation professionnelle initiale learning by doing apprentissage par la pratique market assessment tude de march market facilitation facilitation du march
12. er un ch que conseil dont la valeur correspond un montant absolu plut t qu un pourcentage favorise les micro entrepreneurs aux plus bas revenus qui n ont pas n cessairement plus de 5 US investir dans une formation OBS REL Ch que formation ch que conseil REF DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 2 1 trimestre 2002 p 4 CONT Ibid Les programmes de ch ques potentiels probl mes et perspectives p 2 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 41 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 42 EN business environment DEF CONT REF FR The rules and regulations such as laws and informal practices and services such as infrastructure and embedded services that support and influence the growth patterns of businesses Many market assessments are also putting greater emphasis on understanding the business environment for particular value chains and the effects the business environment has on poor people or small enterprises in particular Increasingly donors and practitioners are studying not only the aspects of the business environment within countries but also global trade issues DEF Based on Alexandra O Miehlbradt and Mary McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor The 2005 Reader p 8 CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M From BDS to Making Markets Work for
13. s de ses entreprises du d veloppement leur insertion dans le tissu conomique local L cole polytechnique de Yaound qui s est illustr e dans la cr ation d une p pini re d entreprises de haute technologie tente de f d rer des initiatives tant francophones qu anglophones REL Incubateur d entreprises couveuse moins fr quent DEF ELAN R seau national des dirigeants de p pini res d entreprises http www pepinieres elan org CONT Renaud P Torres A Internet une chance pour le Sud Le Monde Diplomatique f vrier 1996 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 8 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN business linkages DEF CONT OBS REF FR Market and non market interactions and relationships between firms Horizontal linkage exists between firms performing the same market function Vertical linkage exists between firms performing different market functions Enterprises can be disadvantaged because of weak and informal linkages The formation and strengthening of linkages between MSE and for example buyers and input suppliers vertical linkage or between similar MSE horizontal aims to reduce transaction costs and risks and so foster competitive capacities and commercial relationships of these SME Business linkages are an important concept in value chain developme
14. Redationship between different PDS fields 2005 FR secteur DEF Ensemble des entreprises de fabrication de commerce ou de service qui ont la m me activit principale CONT Les femmes participent g n ralement des programmes de formation dans des secteurs faible croissance dans lesquels elles ont t traditionnellement impliqu es Il s agit g n ralement des secteurs de l artisanat de l industrie alimentaire petite chelle des services m dicaux des services esth tiques et du textile OBS REL Branche EXP La classification par secteur reposant sur l activit principale activit d un secteur n est donc pas tout fait homog ne et comprend des productions ou services secondaires contrairement la branche REF DEF OBS D finition de l Insee CONT Gminder C U Promotion de l entreprenariat f minin Les strat gies et outils du cycle de projet DDC Section Emploi et Revenus 2004 p 21 NI 31 p 35 CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 32 EN service provider DEF An organisation of person that provides a service to someone or to an organisation either for a fee or embedded in other relations CONT Service delivery to MSE is often limited Service providers that provide to MSE are very divers and refer to government bodies
15. champ de d veloppement investi par les organi sations d appui au d veloppement op rateurs et l activit de services aux entreprises men e par les prestataires g n rant une premi re source de confusion chacun de ces deux domaines est associ un vocabulaire propre Instruments m thodologie intervention faci litation etc pour le premier service produit prestation pour le second Ensuite le terme BDS est victime de l volution de approche en mati re d appui au d veloppement des entreprises La nouvelle approche centr e sur la promotion des fili res l environnement des affaires et les syst mes de march favorables aux pauvres Markets for the Poor appelle une volution du vocabulaire Ce glossaire n est certainement pas exhaustif Tous les commentaires et suggestions des utili sateurs pour le compl ter sont les bienvenus Nous vous invitons donc adresser toutes vos remarques l adresse suivante barlet gret org Enterprise Development Defining the Field SEEP Network Online Discussion April 25 May 3 2005 Avertissement N ont t retenus pout faire l objet de fiches terminologiques que les termes ou expressions dont la d finition et ou l quivalent fran ais posait probl me Le lexique figurant la fin contient en revanche tous les termes pr sentant nos yeux un int r t soit par leur fr quence d utilisation dans le domaine soit par leur sp
16. comprise a value chain can be contained within a single firm or many firms It can be geographically clustered in one area or spread over different countries CONT Value chains are generally analysed by product category such as a commodity chain by product such as a mango chain or by market function such as a supply chain In sub sector analysis a value chain is indistinguishable from a marketing channel Value chain analysis aims to understand power dynamics across the entire chain Value chain interventions seek ways for upgrade MSE into higher value activities OBS REL Marketing channel value added chain market chain supply chain commodity chain sub sector USG Supply chain is often used to refer to the progression beginning with raw material and ending with the sale of the finished product or service iuside the same enterprise EXP An interesting document on the subject Kaplinsky R Morris M A Handbook For Value Chain Research IDRC 2001 http www ids ac uk ids global pdfs VchNov01 pdbf REF DEF USAID AMAP BDS Knowledge and Practice Task Order Lexicon Micro note nr6 March 2005 CONT FAUNO Relationship between different PDS fields 2005 FR fili re DEF Ensemble de la cha ne de transformation ou de valeur d un produit et de ses d riv s depuis le producteur jusqu au vendeur au d tail en y int grant l ensemble des interm diaires CONT Par exemple l approch
17. en pratique CONT En outre l enseignement de l entrepreneuriat comprendra une sensibilisation des l ves au fait que activit ind pendante repr sente une possibilit de carri re l apprentissage par la pratique par exemple par la gestion de mini entreprises et des formations sp cifiques sur la mani re de cr er une entreprise REF DEF Auteur CONT 2 Forum des mini entreprises et de l esprit d entreprise Luxembourg juin 2003 p 2 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 20 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 21 EN market assessment DEF In the market development approach analysis conducted to understand the existing service market initially mainly focused on understanding supply of and demand for business services and the gaps between them consisting in gathering the information needed to inform program design decisions CONT Market assessments are used for programme design implementation monitoring and evaluation Tools from different fields are used and range from large quantitative surveys to participatory group discussions Assessments serve to understand the needs and opportunity of MSE and to generate ideas on how to address underlying causes for poor people s exclusion from markets OBS REL Market research market analysis market failure EXP The main tools for conduct
18. faisabilit des solutions commerciales viables consiste en partie d terminer comment les co ts des prestations de services seront couverts soit les frais sont factur s aux clients et les paiements des PE couvrent les co ts Ceci vaut pour des services comme le conseil la formation les services techniques ou logistiques soit la solution est int gr e une transaction commerciale REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux Mettre l preuve les principes directeurs d cembre 2004 p 49 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 16 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p 21 NI 17 EN high value market DEF A particular market that relative to other markets has high differences between the values of a firm s input and a firm s output The more value a firm can add to a product the more successful it is CONT Access to high value markets can be limited by knowledge skills technology scale capital or relationships By aligning firm capacities to high value markets and promoting pro poor commetcial relationships among market players disadvantaged firms can become more profitable OBS EXP Access to high value markets is often discussed in a rural commodity context Pair trade markets and organic markets are often believed to b
19. les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE Manuel du s minaire ILO septembre 2003 132 pages traduit de l anglais http www ilo org dyn bds docs 87 BDS_2003_Update_FR_new pdf Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE ouvrir la voie aux approches syst miques Cinqui me s minaire annuel sur les SDE Tha lande ILO septembre 2004 traduit de l anglais Miehlbradt A et McVay M volution des SAE faire fonctionner les march s au b n fice des pauvres Compte rendu 2005 ILO 2005 140 pages traduit de l anglais http www bdsknowledge org dyn bds docs 452 Reader_2005_FR_final pdf Traduction fran aise du manuel du s minaire annuel du BIT sur les services d appui aux entreprises Un document de r f rence mis jour annuellement Poccasion de chaque s minaire qui fait le point sur l tat du secteur et ses perspectives Revue BDS L Actualit des services aux entreprises MAE DDC Gret 2001 2006 http www gret org ressource bds asp La revue BDS L actualit des services aux entreprises est un produit d information du MAE et de la DDC destination des op rateurs du secteur de appui aux petites en treprises Il a pour vocation d informer le public francophone sur ce qui s crit en anglais dans le domaine Formation professionnelle gt Delluc A et HCCI La coop ration francaise en mati re de formation professionnelle dans les pays de la zone de solidari
20. parastatals private enterprises such as input providers individual consultants associations NGO family and friends Interventions aim to improve service delivery to MSE through financial and or technical support OBS REL Service supplier REF DEF Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 p 3 CONT Ibid p 1 FR prestataire de service DEF Organisation qui fournit directement des services d appui aux entreprises aux PME Elle peut tre une entreprise priv e commerciale priv e but non lucratif une ONG une soci t para tatique une agence nationale ou sub nationale une association industrielle etc CONT Les prestataires de services qui choisissent de proposer aux micro et petites entreprises des services sans perspective de p rennisation adoptent diverses strat gies de recouvrement des co ts co ts des prestations des plus petits clients couverts par les plus gros co ts de certaines prestations couverts par d autres prestations de services g n ration de ressources travers une activit totalement diff rente OBS REL Fournisseur de service REF DEF D apr s Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE Manuel du s minaire ILO septembre 2003 p 101 CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 2 1 trimestre 2002 p 2 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 32
21. termes li s USG usage Activit s de formation couvrant le temps de la scolarit obligatoire ainsi que les diff rents modes de formation pr alables l emploi formation scolaire plein temps formation en alternance formation en apprentissage Le Maroc d finit les priorit s de la formation professionnelle initiale au sein du minist re qui lui est consacr bien que les branches professionnelles soient consult es et participent leur mise en uvre dans le cadre d un dispositif qui comprend 2 132 tablissements de formation dont 1 650 sont priv s REL Formation initiale formation continue DEF D apr s Walther R Les m canismes du financement de la formation professionnelle Une comparaison Europe Afrique AFD 2005 p 64 CONT Ibid p 79 NI 19 NI 20 EN learning by doing DEF Way of learning knowledge through hands on experience CONT Learning by doing is experimental learning whereby people learn through experience It is often applied in entrepreneurship education and can be both in and outside the classroom Support to learning by doing activities aims to improve overall skill levels in a sector or an area OBS REL Apprenticeship on the job training experimental learning experiential learning REF DEF Author CONT Author FR apprentissage par la pratique DEF M thode d apprentissage active dans laquelle apprenant acquiert des connaissances gr ce la mise
22. the needs and capacities of MSE OBS REL BDS market development support services REF DEF Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 89 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 p 1 FR services d appui aux entreprises DEF Tout service non financier fourni des entreprises sur une base formelle ou informelle CONT Il importe de v rifier que les organisations partenaires telles que les prestataires de services d appui aux entreprises et autres consid rent les femmes entrepreneurs comme un groupe de client le OBS USG On rencontre aussi le vocable services aux entreprises services d appui au d veloppement d entreprise ou encore services d appui conseil qui est plus restrictif Le terme anglais BDS est galement souvent utilis en fran ais Il n existe pas de consensus sur sa traduction viter services de d veloppement d entreprise REF DEF Traduction de la d finition du terme anglais CONT Gminder C U Promotion de l entreprenariat f minin Les strat gies et outils du cycle de projet DDG mai 2004 p 19 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 7 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN bu
23. variety of formal and informal sources on production area product volume and yield buyers and seller prices export import data etc CONT Market information in developing countries can be scarce difficult to find and expensive to get access to especially in markets around MSE that are generally rather informal and embedded in social relationships Practitioners need market information for their own programme designs and can have improved market information to MSE as an objective OBS REL Market information service EXP Market information for programme design can be gathered through market research Enhancing information flows for MSE can promote the creation and distribution of pro poor information and for example stimulate embedded services REF DEF Based on Oxford Advanced Learnet s dictionary CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR information sur le march DEF Donn es sur les prix circuits de distribution fournisseurs d bouch s normes r glementations douani res etc propres un march CONT Les interventions de Mercy Corps en ce qui concerne l offre visent identifier l utilit et les avantages financiers de la participation un r seau au sein duquel les prestataires peuvent changer des informations sur le march les bonnes pratiques et les techniques efficaces OBS REL Service d information sur le march
24. 1 trimestre 2002 p 1 NI 34 p 38 CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 35 EN stand alone service DEF A service that is delivered and consumed independently from other goods and services CONT Stand alone services are generally transparent with regards to the actual offer and price Although it is often believed that this model is rather rigid for MSE it might be suitable in particular situations for example when seeking service visibility OBS REL Bundled service embedded service fee based service REF DEF Based on www wikipedia org CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR service ind pendant DEF Service fourni de mani re ind pendante par un prestataire donnant lieu un paiement de l entreprise cliente CONT Les participants favorables aux services ind pendants ont fait valoir que les BDS ind pendants offraient aux PE plus de choix et plus de latitude pour exercer une influence sur la prestation de service OBS REL Service int gr service combin REF DEF partir de DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 49 CONT Nussbaum M et Miehlbradt A Etude de l offre et de la demande de BDS sur les mar
25. EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations 36 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage j NI 33 EN Small and Medium scale Enterprises SME DEF Small enterprises commonly refer to enterprises with less than 20 employees and medium enterprises as enterprises with between 20 and 100 employees CONT The author notes that the links in the causal chain for indirect effects on poverty are theoretically sound and supported by past studies on the effects of SME and private sector growth on poverty OBS REL Small enterprises SE Micro and small enterprises MSE USG There is no universally accepted definition of SMEs in the developing world SMEs also often includes microenterprises in this case it is synonymous with SEs See table on enterprise size REF DEF Author CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS Update ILO September 2004 p 68 OBS DDC Developing Markets for Business Development Services Designing and Implementing More Effective Interventions SED Issue Paper n 5 June 2000 FR petites et moyennes entreprises PME DEF Entreprises comprenant entre 10 et 100 employ s CONT Le soutien non financier aux PME information formation mise en relation services l entreprise est justifi par la volont croissante de proposer aux entreprises des ser
26. O 2001 94 pages http www unido org doc 4865 This report was produced in an effort to establish a sound conceptual basis for UNIDO s par tnership programme with the business community It surveys the role of the private sector the formation of TNC SME linkages and the insertion of SMEs into global value chains Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 112 pages http www bdsknowledge org dyn bds bdssearch noideadocs p_lang en amp p_doc_type NOIDEADOCS p 55 gt Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS UPDATE ILO Sept 2004 111 pages gt Miehlbradt A and McVay M From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor The 2005 Reader ILO 2005 139 pages http www bdsknowledge org dyn bds docs 452 Reader_2005_final_LOW_RES pdf The Annual BDS Seminar Reader is a central document It provides a rapid and thorough review of what people have been doing and thinking in the year around the world and in many different agencies gt SDC Developing Markets for Business Development Services Designing and Implementing More Effective Interventions SED Issue Paper no 5 June 2000 70 pages http www intercooperation ch sed download issuepapers issue5 pdf Contribution to guidelines for the support of Business Development Services in SDC p
27. Tr s petite entreprise Petite entreprise Moyenne entreprise ce de revenus TPE PE ME AGR lt 5 5 10 MSE Micro and Small Enterprise EN SE Small Enterprise SME Small and Medium Enterprise NB Rappel de la typologie d finie par l Union europ enne RECOMMANDATION DE LA COMMISSION DU 6 MAI 2003 concernant la d finition des micro petites et moyennes entreprises 2003 361 CE Effectif et seuils financiers d finissant les cat gories d entreprises gt micro entreprise entreprise qui occupe moins de 10 personnes et dont le chiffre d affaires annuel ou le total du bilan annuel n exc de pas 2 millions d euros gt petite entreprise entreprise qui occupe moins de 50 personnes et dont le chiffre d affaires annuel ou le total du bilan annuel n exc de pas 10 millions d euros gt micro petites et moyennes entreprises PME entreprises qui occupent moins de 250 per sonnes et dont le chiffre d affaires annuel n exc de pas 50 millions d euros ou dont le total du bilan annuel n exc de pas 43 millions d euros Micro entreprise Petite entreprise Moyenne entreprise lt 10 10 49 50 250 p 58
28. an ais dans le domaine de l appui aux entreprises comprend une dimension suppl mentaire d appui la mise en uvre par rapport au terme conseil Consultance et consultation de m me que leurs quivalents consulting et consultancy renvoient une acception plus large comprenant notamment des services de diagnostic ou d valuation DEF Auteur CONT Hagmann B Imboden K Comment la DDC encourage le secteur priv DDC Section emploi et revenus 2001 p 9 NI 1 p 6 NI 2 EN apprenticeship DEF The position or period of a young person the apprentice that agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period usually for low wages in return for being taught that person s skills CONT This traditional system of skill training is widespread among MSE that often have limited access to skill training services Apprenticeship systems are relatively accessible as formal requirements ate minimal and fees are interwoven with labour payments However the quality of the skill training depends on the skills of the master trainer Support to apprenticeship systems aims to improve overall skill levels in a sector or an area OBS REL Apprentice apprenticeship training on the job training USG Interventions might train master trainers and link them to skill related information soutces EXP Proponents of apprenticeship are the ILO SDC and UNESCO REF DEF Oxford Advanced Learnet s dictionary CONT Bas
29. ations relatives au march et de promouvoir les exportations USG Cluster wa pas d quivalent normalis cette notion est d clin e selon les vocables nationaux En France on parlera de syst me productif local de grappe d entreprises ou de district industriel en Italie de district ou de p le industriel Le terme anglais c uster est largement utilis en fran ais REL District industriel p le industriel DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 4 Clusters et r seaux d entreprises f vrier 2003 p 4 CONT ONUDI Rapport annuel 2002 Conseil du d veloppement industriel 27 session p 21 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 10 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN Continuing Vocational Education and Training Continuing VET DEF CONT OBS REF FR Continuing vocational education and training keeps people in employment Le it provides opportunities for people to update add to or upgrade occupational skills and qualifications Human capabilities are essential for a firm s competitiveness innovation and growth Public efforts that enhance the provision of continuing VET aim to improve labour supply Financing of continuing VET is generally perceived to be a private task be it at the level of employers or of trainees themselves
30. ces en ligne La liste propos e ci dessous n est pas exhaustive Les documents et sites mentionn s ont servi la constitution du glossaire DOCUMENTS DE R F RENCE EN FRAN AIS Appui aux entreprises gt gt gt gt BDPA Cabinet P Paris Jexco Tech dev Des services d information aux entreprises Probl matique d intervention DGCID DCT EAP 2003 44 pages Cette tude a t r alis e la demande du MAE fran ais pour capitaliser l exp rience de deux centres d information destin s prioritairement aux entreprises le CITE Madagas car et le CIMDET en Mauritanie Disponible sur demande Botzung M D velopper le march du conseil aux PME africaines d marches et enjeux Les conditions d un acc s des petites entreprises des prestations d appui conseil appropri es Coop rer aujourd hui n 18 Gret 2001 30 pages http www gret org ressource pdf cooperer18 pdf Un point de vue sur la question du conseil Pour viter la d marche projet une logique de recours des prestataires priv s est d sormais privil gi e Comment d velopper un march du conseil Est ce une solution pour les petites entreprises Botzung M Dispositifs d appui aux petites entreprises en Afrique Evolution historique et d fis actuels Traverses n 2 d Groupe Initiatives et Gret 1998 15 pages http www gret org ressource pdf traverse_2 pdf R flexion sur lavenir de l appui aux petites entreprises Su
31. ch s peu d velopp s SEEP Network d cembre 2003 p 12 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 35 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations 39 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage R NI 36 EN supply strengthening DEF Intervention which consists in improving service providers ability to develop an offer that SMEs want usually based on a market analysis CONT Por market development supply strengthening was the mode of intervention most frequently used to support the provision of BDS Quality certification oriented projects which started to use matching grant schemes and some general services projects for microenterprises that used voucher systems where the forms of interventions commonly used to strengthen the demand for BDS OBS REL Supply driven approach consumer strengthening USG Interventions might support service product development and investigate alternative delivery schemes such as bundling services EXP Proponents of supply approaches are the ILO UNIDO and European Commission REF DEF Adapted from DDC Developing Markets for Business Development Services Designing and Implementing More Effective Interventions SED Issue Paper n 5 June 2000 p 18 CONT Inter American Development Bank MIF Evaluation Business Development Services December 2003 FR renforcement de l offre DEF Type d intervention
32. che de d veloppement de march market facilitation facilitation du march market failure inefficacit du march market information information sur le march market links liens de march market research tude de march market weakness faiblesse du march mass market strategy strat gie transversale par opposition sectorielle matching grant fonds de cofinancement mentoring mentorat micro and small enterprise MSE micro et petite entreprise MPE microenterprise micro entreprise network r seau networking mise en r seau occupational qualification qualification professionnelle occupational training formation professionnelle on the job training formation sur le lieu de travail post service delivery activities activit s d appui en aval de la prestation de service practitioner praticien op rateur p 48 pre service delivery activities activit s d appui en amont de la prestation de service production advice service conseil en production SE small enterprise PE petite entreprise sector secteur sector analysis tude sectorielle sector strategy strat gie sectorielle self employment auto emploi service provider prestataire de service skills development d veloppement des comp tences small and medium scale enterpr
33. cialisation Vous trouverez ci apr s le mode d emploi de lecture d une fiche Remerciements L laboration du glossaire sur les services d appui aux petites entreprises et la formation pro fessionnelle a t coordonn e par Karin Barlet Gret Le glossaire a b n fici de la relecture et des apports des contributeurs suivants Sandra Bar let et Christian Baron du Gret Jean Christophe Favre de la Direction du D veloppement et de la Coop ration suisse La partie en anglais a fait l objet d une relecture approfondie de la part de Marieke de Ruyter de Wildt du Springfield Centre Merci elle pour sa contribution significative La maquette a t r alis e par H l ne Gay Gret La cr ation de ce glossaire a t rendue possible par le financement du minist re fran ais des Affaires trang res MAE et de la Direction du D veloppement et de la Coop ration suisse DDC p 2 Comment lire une fiche CODES SIGNIFICATION DES CODES NI Num ro d identification de la fiche EN Terme anglais FR Terme fran ais DEF D finition CONT Contexte extrait de source donnant un exemple demploi OBS Observations donne des informations sur le terme ou sur le concept USG Usage REL Renvois associatifs d autres termes EXP Informations compl mentaires REF R f rences bibliographiques source des informations qui figurent dans les champs pr c dents p 3 Sommaire 17 18 19
34. consistant am liorer l offre des prestataires de services aux entreprises CONT Le renforcement de la demande et de l offre de services conduit un march de SDE vivant et concurrentiel et le d veloppement du march conduit utilisation et Papplication des services aux entreprises par un grand nombre de PME afin d am liorer leurs pratiques d entreprise REF DEF Auteur CONT Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE Manuel du s minaire ILO septembre 2003 p 92 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 36 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 37 EN trade association DEF An organization that represents the interests of the member firms of an industry CONT Using existing NGOs and trade associations to reach target populations Practitioners report that reaching the poor through existing organizations and information channels is faster than developing new infrastructure OBS REL Business Membership Organisations BMO chamber of commetce REF DEF Pearson Education Glossary http media pearsoncmg com intl ema ema_uk_he_ lipezynski_indorg_2 0273688073_glossary html CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS Update ILO September 2004 p 52 FR association prof
35. delivered and consumed together with another good or service CONT MSE often have limited capacity to pay for services up front because of their cash flow and uncertainty about expected results Practitioners hence promote alternative delivery and payment schemes One such model is a bundled service It refers to a service that is delivered together with other services as opposed to a stand alone service Bundling services might reduce the price of a service as costs such as marketing are shared by the different services Bundling can make services more attractive and more accessible for MSE as overall transaction costs are reduced OBS REL Stand alone service embedded service feebased service EXP Interventions can bring service providers together to seek for bundling opportunities REF DEF Based on www wikipedia org CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR services combin s DEF Services de m me nature ou de nature diff rente fournis simultan ment CONT L hypoth se tait que les prestataires de services financiers seraient int ress s proposer des BDS afin d augmenter leur taux de remboursement en am liorant la performance de l entreprise Certaines IMF ont par ailleurs t surprises de voir quel point une formation en gestion pouvait avoir un effet sur la croissance de leurs entreprises clientes et du fait que les personnes ayant b
36. e DEF d finition NI 13 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 14 EN embedded service DEF A service that is an integral part of another commercial transaction of a good or service CONT MSE often have limited capacities to pay for services up front because of their cash flow and uncertainties about expected results Practitioners hence promote alternative delivery and payment schemes One is the embedded service An example of an embedded service is technical training from input suppliers The costs benefit structure is not transparant as generally no fees are charged It can be a suitable delivery model for MSE as search and transaction costs are relatively low OBS REL Bundled service stand alone service fee based service REF DEF Based on www wikipedia org CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR service int gr DEF Service fourni dans le cadre d une transaction principale portant sur un produit ou service sans faire l objet d une facturation sp cifique CONT Ces femmes interm diaires proposeront outre lachat et la revente des produits tout un ensemble de services int gr s comprenant des intrants un contr le qualit et des conseils sur la conception des produits OBS EXP Par exemple lorsqu une entreprise ach te un pho
37. e des tailles d entreprises Classification of enterprises according to size La typologie des entreprises en fonction de leur taille varie selon les r gions du monde notam ment selon que l on se place au Nord ou au Sud et emploi des diff rents termes caract risant les entreprises selon leur taille n est pas stable En outre les cat gories sont rarement d finies par le seul crit re du nombre d employ s Par ailleurs une difficult suppl mentaire tient a Pimpr cision des correspondances entre langues Nous proposons ici un tableau typologique des tailles d entreprises dans les pays du Sud qui s efforce de clarifier les correspondances Il pourrait constituer une r f rence et contribuer stabiliser le vocabulaire Enterprise categories are generally defined by number of employee and a financial indicator such as annual turno ver sales volume or total assets As the interpretation of financial indicators is very context sensitive at a global level employment is used Classification varies according to region notably whether one is in the North or South In addition the lack of exact correspondence among terms across languages creates an additional difficulty The table below provides a size based classification of enterprises in developing countries and illustrates the cross language correspondences It could be used as a reference and contribute to stabilizing terminology Activit s g n ratrices Micro entreprise
38. e du commerce quitable est de raccourcir le nombre d interm diaires dans les fili res afin qu une part plus importante du prix de vente au consommateur final aille aux autres acteurs en particulier aux petits producteurs OBS REL Cha ne de valeur cha ne de valeur ajout e sous secteur USG En fran ais les termes fili re et cha ne de valeur ajout e recouvrent l ensemble des synonymes de value chain Cha ne de valeur ajout e renvoie un angle de vue conomique cr ation de valeur chaque tape tandis que fili re proc de plut t d un angle de vue fonctionnel acteurs et fonctions le long de la cha ne On utilisera plut t cha ne logistique pour d signer l ensemble des processus requis depuis l acheminement des mati res premi res jusqu la livraison des produits ou services l int rieur d une m me organisation supply chain en anglais EXP Un document int ressant quoique pointu sur la diff rence entre value chain et fili re Raikes P et al Global Commodity Chain Analysis and the French Fili re Approach Comparison and Critique Economy and Society Vol 29 n 3 2000 REF DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 4 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 39 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques
39. e high value markets REF DEF Based on Economics A Z The Economist com CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR march forte valeur ajout e DEF March permettant de d gager une forte valeur ajout e CONT La mission premi re de ce programme sera de cr er des conditions favorables l mergence d une agriculture moderne et comp titive permettant aux op rateurs conomiques et aux petits producteurs de se positionner avantageusement sur les segments de march forte valeur ajout e REF DEF Auteur CONT IFLEX PDMAS un appui cibl l agriculture commerciale http www iflexsenegal org consult4 html CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 17 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN information provision DEF CONT OBS REF FR To give sell or make available information The main focus of technology transfer policy has to be on information provision to enterprises particularly SMEs regarding sources costs and appropriateness of foreign technologies backed by the provision of technical extension and financial support to help enterprises absorb new technologies REL Market information USG Information provision is also used with the meaning instrument for BDS intervention that aims to increase awar
40. e nombreuses difficult s risque de voir les jeunes form s quitter le milieu rural faible taux d alphab tisation des personnes form es difficult s de coordination avec les autres projets de d veloppement conomique recherche professionnalisation agricole vulgarisation etc OBS REL Apprenant candidat la formation USG Bien que l on trouve souvent stagiaire comme quivalent de rainee en fran ais stagiaire a un sens plus restreint de personne qui suit une p riode de formation ou de perfectionnement dans un service d entreprise En anglais rainee s applique aussi bien quelqu un qui suit une formation classique un atelier etc REF DEF Le Petit Robert dictionnaire de la langue fran aise 1996 CONT France Diplomatie Coop ration dans le secteur agricole Afrique subsaharienne http www diplomatie gouv fr fr thematiques_830 agriculture_1061 cooperation dans secteur agticole_1066 afrique subsaharienne_1098 investissements durables_4167 html CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 38 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 39 EN value chain DEF Full range of activities which are required to bring a product or service from its conception to its end use These include design production marketing distribution and support the product to the final consumer The activities that
41. ed on www vetnet ch FR apprentissage DEF Mode d acquisition d un savoir faire professionnel reposant sur la reproduction et appropriation progressive de celui du patron CONT L apprentissage en Afrique de Ouest constitue une sp cificit sociale culturelle et conomique tout fait particuli re plus qu un processus de formation et d acquisition d un m tier c est avant tout une situation dans un environnement pr cis qui concerne des familles des jeunes et des artisans OBS REL Formation d apprenti USG M me si l on peut trouver le terme fran ais stage un stage se r f re plut t une p riode de travail supervis par un sp cialiste n cessaire l obtention d un dipl me d un programme de formation La formation d apprenti ou apprentissage est plut t d finie comme une longue p riode de formation sous la direction d un ou plusieurs professionnels exp riment s Elle est souvent associ e l id e d alternance On parlera souvent d apprentissage par lalternance pour d signer une formation alternant des p riodes en centre et des p riodes en entreprise REF DEF D apr s Delluc A et HCCI La coop ration fran aise en mati re de formation professionnelle dans les pays de la zone de solidarit prioritaire Rapport du groupe de travail HCCI oct 2001 CONT Ibid p 7 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 2 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observa
42. en gros infrastructures de services communs assistance marketing etc s adressant principalement aux petites entreprises Les centres d affaires tant sous la pression croissante de devenir viables financi rement en facturant leurs formations et les clients n tant pas en mesure de payer ces formations les centres ont d renoncer proposer des formations techniques DEF D apr s la d finition du terme anglais CONT Gminder C U Promotion de l entreprenariat f minin Les strat gies et outils du cycle de projet DDC mai 2004 p 39 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 6 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 7 EN Business Development Services BDS DEF Any non financial service provided to businesses either fee based of embedded in other relations Typical fee based services are training skills development design advertising network brokering business consultancy legal services and other services that are sold from one business to another and not to the final consumer CONT BDS or more typically business services are important for the competitiveness and growth of MSE However MSE often operate in very weak service markets MSE competitiveness can be improved by developing service markets that serve MSE Interventions typically focus on the supply of BDS and aim to align supply with
43. eness of services available ability to identify and assess services and interaction of demand and supply sides through for example directories development media or events to bring together consumers and service providers DEF Based on Oxford Advanced Learnet s dictionary CONT Africas Technology Gap Case Studies on Kenya Ghana Uganda and Tanzania UNCTAD July 2003 p 83 offre d information DEF CONT OBS REF Service destin aux entreprises visant leur fournir des informations sur le march Au cours des ann es 1980 la gamme des services qui ont b n fici d un soutien en plus de cr dits s est largie de fa on consid rable jusqu couvrir orientation individuelle ouverture aux march s le d veloppement de r seaux et de regroupements la fourniture d informations dans divers domaines comme les quipements la technologie et les march s ainsi que des installations physiques et des services partag s USG Du point de vue des op rateurs de d veloppement le terme offre d information d signe galement un instrument d intervention visant stimuler la demande des SEs am liorer leur acc s aux services et augmenter l interaction entre l offre et la demande REL Fourniture d information mise disposition d information DEF Auteur CONT Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Services d appui aux entreprises principes directeurs rela
44. enterprise size REF DEF OBS Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Business Development Services For Small Enterprises Guiding Principles For Donor Intervention 2001 p 2 12 CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS Update ILO September 2004 p 7 FR petite entreprise PE DEF Au sens strict d signe une entreprise comptant entre onze et vingt employ s Au sens plus large renvoie la cat gorie des micro petites et moyennes entreprises notamment dans Pexpression appui aux petites entreprises CONT L approche actuelle du Chili en mati re d appui aux petites entreprises PE marque une rupture par rapport un pass proche caract ris par une focalisation sur l offre de services par une centralisation des programmes et leur ex cution par le secteur public OBS USG Le terme petite entreprise dans l acception large micro petites et moyennes entreprises semble moins usit en fran ais qu en anglais En l absence de contexte d finitoire clair il est important de tenir compte des deux acceptions possibles dans la traduction Cette d finition n est pas celle de la Commission europ enne Voir le tableau sur la classification des entreprises par la taille et la mise en garde associ e REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 2
45. eprises ni sur le but de l association Il peut s agir d une association professionnelle ou non REF DEF Auteur CONT Organisation des Nations Unies pour lalimentation et agriculture Rapport d valuation du programme 2001 chapitre 2 2001 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 5 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN business centre DEF CONT OBS REF FR Centre which provides services retail outlet bulk buying of inputs common service facilities and marketing assistance primarily to SEs The delivery of support services to MSE can be expensive for a variety of reasons By concentrating the supply in a physical area transaction costs are reduced for both suppliers and consumers Business support centres often act as a first stop shop for MSE seeking advice They can be sub sector specific and are especially supported in rural areas REL Small enterprise centre business incubator technology park DEF Adapted from Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 59 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 centre d affaires DEF CONT REF Lieu sp cifique regroupant des services achat d intrants
46. ermes li s USG usage NI 27 EN business network DEF Group of firms that cooperate on a joint project complementing each other and specializing in order to overcome common problems achieve collective efficiency and conquer markets beyond their individual reach Networks are formal and informal arrangementsthat facilitate the exchange of information and technology and foster various kinds of co ordination and collaboration in a cluster CONT Networks are environments of cooperation without fixed special dimension that aid firms to improve efficiencies beyond the individual capacity and foster competitiveness and growth Networks imply a certain level of management structure and hence are useful policy targets often within the context of sector promotion strategies and local economic development OBS REL Cluster networking REF DEF Ceglie G Dini M SME Cluster and Network Development in Developing Countries The Experience of UNIDO UNIDO PSD Technical Working Papers Series WP n 2 1999 p 2 CONT FAUNO Relationship between different PDS fields 2005 FR r seau d entreprises DEF Groupe d entreprises qui collaborent dans le cadre de projets conjoints se compl tant les unes les autres et se sp cialisant en vue de faire face des probl mes communs de gagner en efficacit collective et de conqu rir des march s qu elles n auraient pas pu p n trer seules CONT Le premier groupe d action
47. ervations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 41 EN voucher DEF A small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or which can be exchanged for certain goods or services CONT Voucher programmes can operate on large scale and can target very small enterprises They are increasingly used to develop service demand by giving purchasing power to MSE and by reducing the risk and price The strategy is to raise understanding and awareness about support services among MSE by temporary subsidies The value assigned to the voucher may be an absolute sum or it may be a proportion of the cost of training OBS REL Matching grant EXP SMEs pay the service provider using the voucher plus an out of pocket cash payment to reach the full cost of the service in question Once training has been completed service providers redeem vouchers from the issuing organisation for cash REF DEF Oxford Advanced Learner s dictionary CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 60 FR cheque DEF Coupons partiellement subventionn s permettant d acheter des services de formation ou ventuellement de conseil aupr s d une s rie de prestataires agr s Dans ce cadre Putilisateur du ch que choisit librement le prestataire auquel il souhaite avoir recours CONT Cr
48. essionnelle DEF Organisation form e afin de sauvegarder et de promouvoir les privil ges les droits d une profession d un m tier d imposer un code d thique et d une fa on g n rale de d velopper les int r ts conomiques sociaux et ducatifs de ses membres CONT Pour mener bien une promotion durable des produits des associations professionnelles peuvent tre soutenues voire cr es si le r seau de distribution n est pas suffisamment rentable OBS REL Syndicat chambre de commerce chambre professionnelle REF DEF D apr s Grand Dictionnaire Terminologique Office qu b cois de la langue fran aise wwwgranddictionnaire com CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 2 1 trimestre 2002 p 2 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 37 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 38 EN trainee DEF A person that is being trained for example for a job or a skill CONT In the context of enterprise development a trainee can be a continuous role as in an apprenticeship or a temporal role with a predetermined beginning and end as ina vocational training course REF DEF Oxford Advanced Learnet s dictionary CONT Author FR personne form e DEF Individu qui suit une formation un enseignement CONT Ce type de formation agricole de base est cependant confront d
49. f p 6 NI 42 p 46 Lexique anglais francais Les termes en gras sont ceux faisant l objet d une fiche advice conseil advisory service service de conseil agricultural extension service service de vulgarisation agricole alternance training formation en alternance apprentice apprenti apprenticeship apprentissage basic ICT skills comp tences de base en technologies de l information et de la communication BDS market assessment tude de march des SAE BDS market development appui au d veloppement du march des SAE BDS provider prestataire de SAE BDS business development service service d appui aux entreprises bundled service services combin s business association association d entreprises business center centre d affaires business development service BDS service d appui aux entreprises business environment environnement des affaires business incubator p pini re d entreprises business information service service d information aux entreprises business linkages liens d affaires business to business relationship relation interentreprise chamber of commerce chambre de commerce cluster syst me productif local grappe d entreprises consultancy conseil consulting conseil continuing VET formation continue continuing vocational training f
50. ges traduit de l anglais http www sdc admin ch index php naviD 21976 amp langID 2 amp userhash 40963fa5491 cace092425be2eeb5fd33 Ce manuel de la DDC a pour objectif d aider les praticiens charg s de la promotion de la petite entreprise laborer des programmes quilibr s entre hommes et femmes et ainsi appuyer l entreprenariat f minin Approches strat giques et outils pratiques Hagmann B Imboden K Comment la DDC encourage le secteur priv DDC Section Emploi et Revenus extrait de l Annuaire Suisse Tiers Monde 2001 de l IUED 18 pages traduit de l anglais http www intercooperation ch sed download policypapers deza_product_f_165 pdf Comment la DDC encourage le d veloppement du secteur priv par la promotion des petites entreprises dans les zones rurales et urbaines quelle est la fonction de PEtat dans ce domaine et quels sont les instruments utilis s MAE DGCID Soutenir les entreprises du Sud pour le d veloppement durable Strat gie du minist re francais des Affaires trang res Rep res 30 pages http www diplomatie gouv fr fr ministere_817 publications_827 cooperation internationale developpement_3030 serie reperes_3035 index html Document de strat gie du minist re fran ais des Affaires trang res en mati re de promo tion des petites entreprises valuation des actions pass es axes d intervention Egalement un essai de typologie des entreprises Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper
51. ich member agencies can exchange informa tion about their programmes and publishes common guidelines for member agencies gt IFC Small and Medium Enterprise Development http www ifc org ifcext sme nsf Content Home This site provides an overview of how IFC supports small and medium sized enterprises through investments and advisory work Promoting the growth of SMEs in developing countries is part of its private sector development mission gt United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIDO http www unido org UNIDO is the United Nations specialized industrial agency mandated to promote in dustrial development and international industrial cooperation gt VETNET http wwwvetnet ch Vocational education and training pages of the Swiss Agency for Development and Coo peration SDC The site is focusing on positive experiences and good practices of Swiss vocational education and training projects and aims to become a platform of fruitful exchanges between the different actors of this process GLOSSAIRES gt Kodis Vetnet Glossary on vocational training http www vetnet ch fs fs 1 asp kt 6 amp skt 148iLid D gt DDC suisse Section Emploi et Revenus Programme moyen terme 2003 2007 http www deza ch ressources deza_product_fr_990 pdf gt Glossaires de la revue BDS L actualit des services aux entreprises MAE DDC Gret 2001 2006 http www gret org ressource bds asp p 57 Proposition de typologi
52. ignement sp cifique CONT La formation professionnelle constitue un atout important pour l aide au d veloppement conomique par son impact sur la rentabilit des entreprises pour la lutte contre les in galit s par l aide qu elle peut apporter l insertion d un plus grand nombre de jeunes et pour le renforcement des soci t s civiles par le dialogue qu elle permet d instaurer entre les tats et les mondes professionnel et associatif OBS REL Formation professionnelle initiale formation professionnelle continue USG En fran ais il est plus courant d utiliser Pexpression formation professionnelle seule qui est parfois utilis e en traduction de VET EXP On distingue habituellement la formation professionnelle initiale la formation professionnelle post scolaire de qualification ou d insertion la formation professionnelle continue des salari s ou adultes en activit et enfin la formation professionnelle des ch meurs ou demandeurs d emploi REF DEF partir de Delluc A et HCCI La coop ration fran aise en mati re de formation professionnelle dans les pays de la zone de solidarit prioritaire Rapport du groupe de travail HCCI oct 2001 p 3 CONT Ibid p 4 OBS Walther R Les m canismes du financement de la formation professionnelle Une comparaison Europe Afrique AFD 2005 p 23 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 40 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS obs
53. ing an MA were private sector marketing research tools adapted to the BDS field More recently practitioners and donors have integrated business service market assessments with sub sector analysis to arrive at an understanding of how embedded business services do or might contribute to helping SEs reach higher value markets REF DEF Adapted from Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 33 CONT Ibid FR tude de march DEF Collecte et analyse des informations sur l tat du march des services aux petites entreprises offre et demande pour guider la conception et la mise en ceuvre des programmes d appui au d veloppement de ces march s CONT L tude de march n est pas un exercice neutre dans la mesure o par le questionnement d acteurs sur leur march elle peut changer leur fa on de Pappr hender OBS REL Analyse de march USG en fran ais le terme tude de march renvoie trois perspectives un peu diff rentes i le d veloppement de produit it la prospection de nouveaux clients ii Panalyse de l tat d un march Il est question ici du troisi me sens REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 27 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 21 EXP informations com
54. ises SME petites et moyennes entreprises PME small enterprise SE petite entreprise PE social venture capital capital risque social stand alone service service ind pendant subsector sous secteur fili re subsector analysis analyse sous sectorielle supplier fournisseur supply development renforcement de l offre supply strengthening renforcement de l offre trade association association professionnelle trainee personne form e training of trainers formation de formateurs training provider prestataire de formation training voucher ch que formation value added chain fili re value chain fili re vocational education and training VET enseignement technique et formation professionnelle vocational skills comp tences professionnelles vocational training formation professionnelle voucher ch que weak market march d faillant march peu d velopp p 49 Lexique fran ais anglais Les termes en gras sont ceux faisant l objet d une fiche activit g n ratrice de revenus income generating activity activit s d appui en amont de la prestation de service pre service delivery activities activit s d appui en aval de la prestation de service post service delivery activities analyse sous sectorielle subsector analysis apprenti apprentice
55. le research and field studies it looks particularly at training related to entrepreneurship and management skills for self employment PRINCIPAUX SITES INTERNET gt Developing Markets for Business Services Inter agency website for the exchange of information on service markets http bdsknowledge org dyn bds bdssearch home This site is dedicated to systemic approaches developing whole markets for services to maximise scale and outreach Documents include the Annual Reader Update on the p 56 development of service markets in English and French and documents of the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development gt Improving the Business Environment for Small Enterprises Inter agency information exchange http www businessenvironment org dyn be BEsearch home Database of the Donor Committee s Business Environment Working Group for sha ring documents and information about donor supported work to enhance the business environment to achieve pro poor growth gt MicroLinks Microenterprise Learning Information and Knowledge Sharing http www microlinks org MicroLINKS is a knowledge sharing Web site designed to improve the impact of USAID funded microenterprise programs and activities Page en francais galement gt Donor Committee for Enterprise Development http www sedonors org The Committee promotes enterprise development particularly for small enterprises in de veloping countries It provides a forum in wh
56. led subsistence or survival enterprises and small can refer to enterprises with less than 20 employees instead of 50 OBS REL Small and medium scale enterprises SME Small enterprises SE USG See table on enterprise size REF DEF Suzuki A Business Training Markets for Small Enterprises in Developing Countries What do we know so far about the potential SEED Working Paper n 32 ILO 2002 p 1 CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS Update ILO September 2004 p 2 FR micro et petites entreprises MPE DEF Entreprises comprenant moins de 20 employ s dans le secteur formel ou informel CONT Le conseil individuel l entreprise est co teux et ne s applique aux micro et petites entreprises que si le r seau de clients est suffisamment dense OBS REL Micro entreprise petite entreprise petites et moyennes entreprises USG Cette d finition n est pas celle de la Commission europ enne Voir le tableau sur la classification des entreprises par la taille et la mise en garde associ e REF DEF D apr s la d finition du terme anglais CONT Hagmann B Imboden K Comment la DDC encourage le secteur priv DDC Section Emploi et Revenus 2001 p 9 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 26 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL t
57. mittee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Business Development Services For Small Enterprises Guiding Principles For Donor Intervention 2001 p 5 FR d veloppement du march des SAE DEF Approche de d veloppement consistant promouvoir les transactions entre les petites entreprises et les prestataires de services du secteur priv et faciliter Pexpansion des march s de services aux entreprises plut t que de fournir directement ces services CONT En mati re de d veloppement du march des SAE pour la mise niveau des entreprises les r sultats am lioration des performances doivent tre encourag s r duction de taxes subventions si objectifs atteints plut t que les processus subventions REF DEF Traduction fran aise d apr s Miehlbradt A McVay M Developing Commercial Markets Jor Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar septembre 2003 p 20 CONT GFA tude sur le d veloppement des secteurs du conseil et de l ing nierie industrielle Exp rience trang re en mati re de d veloppement du conseil et de l ing nierie industrielle jain 2003 http www fmci co ma images pdf site Exp C3 A9riences 20 C3 A9trang C3 A8res pdf CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 3 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 4 EN bundled service DEF A service that is
58. n 5 June 2000 p 49 CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar 2003 p 61 FR fonds de cofinancement DEF Dispositif visant 4 d velopper le recours par les entreprises a des services de conseil et d expertise technique qui pr voit la prise en charge souvent de mani re r trospective sous la forme d un remboursement d une fraction du cout des prestations CONT L existence des fonds de cofinancement l ve temporairement la contrainte de la solvabilit des clients mais elle ne r sout pas la question de mani re durable OBS REL Syst me de ch ques REF DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 2 1 trimestre 2002 Glossaire p 4 CONT Botzung M D velopper le march du conseil aux PME africaines d marches et enjeux Les conditions d un acc s des petites entreprises des prestations d appui conseil appropri es Document de travail n 18 Gret 2001 p 26 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 25 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations p 30 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 26 EN Micro and Small Enterprises MSE DEF Businesses with less than 20 employees including the self employed both in the formal and informal sectors CONT In weaker economies thresholds might be lower and micro can refer to informal so cal
59. n fici des deux types de services combin s taient plus en capacit de rembourser et plus vite OBS EXP L expression est souvent utilis e pour d signer la combinaison de services financiers et non financiers aux petites entreprises REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 13 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 4 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations Be REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage i NI5 EN business association DEF Organization of enterprises having a common interest CONT Business associations and informal business networks are another vehicle for delivering services to SEs OBS REL Business membership organisations trade association business chamber REF DEF Adapted from Merriam Webster Dictionary CONT Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Business Development Services For Small Enterprises Guiding Principles For Donor Intervention 2001 p 2 FR association d entreprises DEF Regroupement d entreprises CONT Le seul r seau d changes techniques tre jug vraiment durable tait une association d entreprises commerciales du secteur des semences OBS USG Le terme business association et son quivalent fran ais sont tr s g n riques Ils ne renseignent pas sur le type d entr
60. ne form e trainee petite entreprise PE small enterprise SE petites et moyennes entreprises PME small and medium scale enterprises SME praticien practitioner prestataire de formation training provider prestataire de SAE BDS provider prestataire de service service provider qualification professionnelle occupational qualification relation inter entreprise business to business relationship p 51 renforcement de l offre supply strengthening r seau network secteur sector service d appui aux entreprises business development service BDS service de conseil advisory service service de vulgarisation extension service service de vulgarisation agricole agricultural extension service service d information aux entreprises business information service service ind pendant stand alone service service int gr embedded service service orient par la demande demand driven service service payant fee based service service transsectoriel cross sector service services combin s bundled service sous secteur subsector stimulation de la demande demand stimulation strat gie sectorielle sector strategy strat gie transversale par opposition sectorielle mass market strategy syst me productif local cluster Bibliographie et ressour
61. ng a decision or course of conduct The quality and quantity of formal and informal advice is important for an enterprise s competitiveness and growth MSE can have difficulties in accessing advice Formal advice such as given in consulting and consultancy services can be expensive and unsuitable Informal advice such as given in embedded services can be suited to MSE Practitioners seek to strengthen both formal and informal supply of business advice to increase MSE competitiveness REL Business advice consulting consultancy EXP Interventions might improve access to formal advice by researching MSE needs and passing that information on to existing advice providers that are not yet serving MSE DEF Author CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 conseil DEF CONT OBS REF CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage Type de service destination des entreprises fourni seul ou dans le cadre d une transaction ou d un autre service par un sp cialiste mettant ses connaissances disposition du client Le conseil individuel l entreprise est co teux et ne s applique aux micro et petites entreprises que si le r seau de clients est suffisamment dense REL USG Appui conseil Ce terme souvent utilis en fr
62. ng carried out in a real work environment using the job as medium for learning CONT On the job training can be a non formal approach to skills acquisition e g in traditional apprenticeship training it can be utilised as instructional method for practising defined skills it can be a component of cooperative training or it can follow a centre based training programme as compulsory element for a defined period of time and as pre requisite to receive a certificate OBS REL Apprenticeship learning by doing REF DEF DDC Vocational Education and Training Glossary www vetnet ch CONT Ibid FR formation sur le lieu de travail DEF Formation assur e dans l environnement r el de travail Elle peut constituer l ensemble de la formation ou tre combin e avec une formation en dehors du lieu de travail CONT Les stages et la formation sur le lieu de travail permettent aux int ress s de donner aux employeurs la preuve de leurs comp tences Dans le cas des personnes handicap es exp rience montre que les programmes de formation sur le lieu de travail dispens s lors de stages prot g s peuvent d boucher sur une embauche Pissue de la p riode de formation OBS REL Formation en situation de travail formation sur le tas formation au poste de travail REF DEF Tissot P CEDEFOP Terminology of vocational training policy A multilingual glossary for an enlarged Europe Office for Official Publications of the European Commu
63. nities 2004 CONT BIT Apprendre et se former pour travailler dans la soci t du savoir chapitre I 2002 http wwwlogos net net ilo 195_base fra report ch_2 htm NI 29 p 33 CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 30 EN practitioner DEF Organization that provides BDS to SEs or facilitates BDS provision CONT The role of MSE development practitioners is a changing one and is currently in a transition from a direct service provider to a facilitator In the past development practitioners directly delivered services to enterprises that were not served by the market More recently practitioners analyse why the market is not serving those enterprises and seeks to leverage change so that these enterprises are served by the market REF DEF Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 89 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR praticien DEF Organisation prestataire direct de services d appui aux entreprises ou jouant un r le de facilitateur CONT De nombreux bailleurs de fonds et op rateurs ne sont pas encore tr s s rs de la mani re d valuer les march s existants de SDE et de traduire cette info
64. nt Interventions try to maximise the information exchange between firms by promoting embedded services and aim to address power imbalances in markets by aligning business interests REL Business linkage services inter firm links business to business links B2B market linkages USG Business linkages is sometimes also used with the meaning of business linkage promotion i e facilitation to foster links between firms focusing among other on disseminating information about players in the market DEF USAID AMAP BDS Knowledge and Practice Task Order Lexicon Micro note nr6 March 2005 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 liens d affaires DEF CONT OBS REF CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage Op rations commerciales entre des entreprises distinctes but lucratif Le secteur de la sylviculture se pr te bien aux liaisons commerciales et 94 des 139 liens d affaires soit 67 ont men des contrats o le client tait l une des quelques grandes entreprises de bois de construction REL Relations commerciales relations d affaires DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 4 Clusters et r seaux d entreprises f vrier 2003 p 4 CONT Ibid p 46 NI 9 EN
65. oles public private OBS REL Market development REF DEF Based on www wikipedia org CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar 2003 FR inefficacit du march DEF Situation dans laquelle le libre fonctionnement du march ne permet pas de parvenir 4 une allocation efficiente des biens et services aux consommateurs CONT La question se pose de savoir si l tat doit lui m me encourager le d veloppement des entreprises ou laisser enti rement ce soin aux forces du march Le risque d inefficacit du march existe mais il doit tre mis en balance avec le risque d inefficacit de Paction gouvernementale OBS REL D veloppement du march faiblesse du march REF DEF D apr s la d finition du terme anglais CONT Entreprises questions relatives l laboration d une strat gie de d veloppement des entreprises L volution des entreprises et de la concurrence et ses cons quences pour l laboration d une strat gie de d veloppement des entreprises Etude th matique du secr tariat de la CNUCED 1997 p 16 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 23 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p 28 NI 24 EN market information DEF Facts told heard or discovered about a market This can concern a
66. ormation continue counseling conseil cross sector service service transsectoriel demand stimulation stimulation de la demande demand driven service service orient par la demande distance learning enseignement distance donor bailleur de fonds e learning formation en ligne p 47 embedded service service int gr enabling environment environnement habilitant enterprise cluster syst me productif local grappe d entreprises entrepreneurship entreprenariat experiential learning apprentissage par la pratique extension service service de vulgarisation external economies conomies d chelle externes facilitator facilitateur fee based service service payant high value market march a forte valeur ajout e income generating activity activit g n ratrice de revenus information provision offre d information initial vocational education and training formation professionnelle initiale inter firm links liens d affaires investment climate climat d investissement learning by doing apprentissage par la pratique level of qualification niveau de qualification market analysis tude de march market assessment tude de march market chain fili re market channel canal de distribution market development approach appro
67. pl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 22 EN market facilitation DEF Function usually carried out by development oriented institutions having the objective of BDS market development through developing new service products promoting good practice and building provider capacity and educating SEs about the potential benefits of services of providing incentives to try them CONT Market facilitation takes the form of temporary interventions that change markets so that they work better for the poor as consumers entrepreneurs and employees without becoming part of the market system The nature of facilitation depends on specific market situations and encompasses many different functions OBS REL Market development REF DEF Adapted from Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Business Development Services For Small Enterprises Guiding Principles For Donor Intervention 2001 p 3 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 FR facilitation du march DEF Strat gie d intervention consistant augmenter l interaction et les transactions commerciales entre les prestataires de services et les petites entreprises notamment en renfor ant les capacit s entreprenariales des prestataires de services et en faisant mieux prendre conscience des avantages des service
68. prises n 1 4 trimestre 2001 p 4 CONT Nussbaum M et Miehlbradt A tude de l offre et de la demande de BDS sur les march s peu d velopp s SEEP Network d cembre 2003 p 18 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 15 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage EN fee based service DEF CONT OBS REF FR A service that is only available upon payment of a fee MSE often have limited capacities to pay for services up front because of their cash flow particularities and uncertainties over the expected results Practitioners hence promote alternative delivery and payment schemes Fee based services such as consultancies are often believed to be rather expensive and rigid for MSE as opposed to bundled or embedded services Interventions aim to improve accessibly of fee based services by for example dividing the service into smaller bits REL Bundled service stand alone service embedded service USG Fee based services are often opposed to embedded services which are provided at no additional cost DEF Based on www wikipedia com CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar septembre 2003 p 49 service factur DEF Service fourni sur une base commerciale avec paiement de la prestation CONT L valuation de la
69. r la base des le ons des exp riences PP P P p pass es l auteur plaide en faveur d un largissement des offres de services et des publics Botzung M Le Bissonnais A Appui et financement des micro et petites entreprises en Afrique comparaison analyse et perspectives Etudes et Travaux Gret Iram 1995 Un document qui fait le point sur les volutions des politiques et d marches d appui dans le domaine de la promotion des petites entreprises en Afrique Le texte se fonde sur Panalyse d une dizaine d exp riences ou de dispositifs d appui en Afrique francophone et anglophone Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development Services d appui aux entreprises principes directeurs relatifs aux interventions financ es par des bailleurs Edition 2001 25 pages traduit de l anglais http www sedonors org resources item asp resourceid 176 Traduction fran aise de la deuxi me version des principes directeurs produite par le Co mit des bailleurs pour le d veloppement de la petite entreprise Ce texte de r f rence pr sente les principes et postulats de base en mati re de promotion des petites entreprises les diff rentes phases de conception et d valuation de programme et le r le des bailleurs p 53 gt gt gt gt gt gt gt Gminder C U Promotion de l entreprenariat f minin Les strat gies et outils du cycle de projet DDC Section Emploi et Revenus 2004 75 pa
70. rmation en interventions efficaces OBS REL USG Le terme fran ais praticien d signe la cat gorie d acteurs regroupant les prestataires et les op rateurs Le terme op rateur renvoie la notion de projet il d signe les acteurs ONG bureaux d tude etc qui interviennent dans l appui la facilitation Cette distinction n ayant pas d quivalent en anglais le mot practitioner est parfois entendu dans la premi re acception praticien parfois dans la seconde op rateur en fonction du contexte REF DEF OBS Auteur CONT Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE Manuel du s minaire ILO septembre 2003 p 20 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 30 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations p 34 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 31 EN sector DEF A part of a branch of a particular area of activity especially of country s economy CONT Sector development is concerned with the development of firms support services institutions policy and regulation within a sector Development policy is often directed at the private and public sector as a whole as in private sector development or at particular sub sectors such as the vegetable sector OBS REL Sub sector value chain private sector development REF DEF Oxford Advanced Learnet s dictionary CONT FAUNO
71. rogrammes through an analysis of the actual new thinking in SED where the market development for Business Development Services becomes the main policy Vocational training gt Miller van Dok G Salami J Sustainability of Vocational Training Institutes Success Factors for the Further Development of Vocational Training Institutes Caritas Switzerland janvier 2003 78 pages This working paper focuses on the experience of a Training School in Dhaka and on the insights gained during a study tour to examine success factors for the setting up leadership and running of Vocational Training Institutes gt SDC Sector Policy On Vocational Education And Training SDC Sector Policies Series December 1994 36 pages http www sdc admin ch ressources resource_en_24279 pdf This document specifies the Swiss Federal Law on International Development Coope ration and the general Guidelines of SDC from a VE policy point of view It provides guidelines on measures for the promotion of VE the formulation of sector concepts and the policy dialogue with partners gt Suzuki Business Training Markets for Small Enterprises in Developing Countries What do we know so far about the potential SEED Working Paper no 32 ILO 2002 30 pages http www ilo org dyn empent docs F297552005 WP32 2002 pdf This Working Paper is a contribution to the research agenda on the theme of training services for MSEs in developing countries Based on availab
72. s d appui au d veloppement des PME inclurait l incitation la cr ation de r seaux d entreprises et la mise en place de services collectifs au travers de centres de services l offre sectorielle OBS EXP On pourra par exemple parler de r seaux d exportateurs ou de cr ateurs d entreprises Le r seau d entreprises n est pas n cessairement li une localit Il peut comme le cluster mener l efficacit collective Les conomies externes tendent y tre faibles mais les b n fices de l action commune peuvent tre substantiels L Onudi d finit le r seau horizontal comme tant compos uniquement de petites et moyennes entreprises PME et le r seau vertical comme r seau o PME et grandes entreprises sont impliqu es Qu ils soient horizontaux ou verticaux les r seaux peuvent tre d velopp s ind pendamment du cluster REL R seau d affaires REF DEF Gminder C U Promotion de l entreprenariat f minin Les strat gies et outils du cycle de projet DDC Section Emploi et Revenus 2004 p 39 OBS DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 4 Clusters et r seaux d entreprises f vrier 2003 p 4 CONT Ibid p 9 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 27 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations tec 4 REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage 2 NI 29 EN on the job training DEF Traini
73. s existants aux petites entreprises CONT Les interventions pour mettre en place des march s de SDE gagnent progressivement en profondeur en souplesse et en efficacit et les organismes de d veloppement impliquent de plus en plus d autres institutions dans la facilitation du march des SDE REF DEF D apr s Miehlbradt A et McVay M D velopper les d bouch s commerciaux des SDE ouvrir la voie aux approches syst miques Cinqui me s minaire annuel sur les SDE Tha lande ILO septembre 2004 p 60 CONT Ibid p 5 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 22 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 23 EN market failure DEF A situation in which markets do not efficiently organise production or allocate goods and services to consumers Many market failures are situations where market forces do not serve the perceived public interest Market failure is likely to occur in the presence of monopoly oligopoly externalities public goods or common property goods CONT Increasingly many development agencies recognise that their interventions need to overcome markets failures and expand markets so that they serve disadvantaged and poorer people However in order to address failures understanding is needed about the complexity and root causes of market failure at different levels macro meso micro and in different r
74. siness incubator DEF CONT OBS REF FR Place where newly created firms are concentrated in a limited space Its aim is to improve the chance of growth and rate of survival of these firms by providing them with a modular building with common facilities telefax computing facilities etc as well as with managerial support and back up services Incubators provide basic services such as start up consulting business planning and shared office services The main goal is to produce successful businesses that will leave the programme financially viable and freestanding Incubators can be financed by public and or private investment Public support to business incubators is often part of a local development strategy and can be especially effective in rural areas where support services are generally scarce REL Small enterprise centre technology park business support centre EXP Interventions can support consensus building among potential incubator stakeholders DEF Definition of the European Commission in Promoting and Sustaining Business Incubators for the Development Of SMEs UN ECE 1999 CONT UNIDO SMEs In Africa Survive Against All Odds 1999 http www unido org en doc 3927 p pini re d entreprises DEF CONT OBS REF Structure d accueil d h bergement d accompagnement et d appui aux porteurs de projets et aux cr ateurs d entreprises Son objectif est d aider et de renforcer les chances de succ
75. t prioritaire Rapport du groupe de travail HCCI octobre 2001 24 pages http www hcci gouv fr travail rapports_avis upload rapformprof pdf Ce rapport vise contribuer l laboration d une politique de coop ration sectorielle de for mation professionnelle adapt e aux pays de la zone de solidarit prioritaire francophone p 54 gt gt Fourniol J La formation professionnelle en Afrique francophone Pour une volution ma tris e L Harmattan 2004 240 pages Cet ouvrage d crit et analyse l affaiblissement de l enseignement technique et de la for mation professionnelle il vise donner des outils susceptibles de permettre un pays de refonder sa politique d ETFP Walther R Les m canismes du financement de la formation professionnelle Une comparaison Europe Afrique AFD Notes et Documents n 13 2005 224 pages http www afd fr jahia webdav site myjahiasite users administrateur public publications notesetdocuments AFD 13_bis pdf Ce document a pour objet d analyser les finalit s voies et moyens de financement des sys t mes de formation professionnelle Comment d finir des moyens de financement de la FP afin qu elle accompagne efficacement les mutations conomiques des pays notamment des PED tout en cr ant les conditions d une qualification durable des jeunes et des adultes DOCUMENTS DE REFERENCE EN ANGLAIS Business development gt gt gt gt gt Ceglie G
76. take in the target market who conducts publicly funded short term activities to stimulate markets to work better for the poor A facilitator is not a market player but may be a stakeholder such as a government agency research institute NGO or donor Facilitators need to carefully select their partners in order to strengthen whole markets beyond the direct counterparts OBS REL Market development REF DEF Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS Primer Annual BDS Seminar September 2003 p 89 CONT Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 p 31 FR facilitateur DEF Personne ou organisation qui appuie les prestataires de services en renfor ant leurs comp tences en d veloppant de nouvelles formes de services ou encore en mettant en place des dispositifs stimulant la demande des entreprises Il ne d livre donc pas directement lui m me des services aux entreprises CONT Lorsqu il tudie la mani re de promouvoir mergence de prestataires de services le facilitateur peut examiner la concurrence existante le contexte conomique et l environnement op rationnel du pays ainsi que les facteurs internes favorables Pentreprenariat OBS USG En frangais ce terme est utilis en dehors du champ des SAE dans le sens de mod rateur ou d animateur REF DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entre
77. that aims to meet a clearly identified need CONT As opposed to supply driven services demand driven services serve an identified demand MSE are generally considered as clients not aid recipients Interventions try to understand the demand of MSE through need assessments and market research and strengthen and articulate demand through for example voucher systems OBS REL Supply driven service EXP Promotion of demand driven services is part of new client oriented BDS approach in contrast to traditional BDS programs where non profit organizations are accountable to donors for services delivered to SEs Interventions typically include market research and might include a voucher system in order to strengthen demand REF DEF Miehlbradt A and M McVay From BDS to Making Markets Work for the Poor Annual BDS Seminar ILO 2005 CONT Ibid FR service orient par la demande DEF Service con u partir de Pidentification et de l analyse de la demande pour r pondre aux besoins identifi s CONT Malgr les difficult s pos es par la dispersion des petits producteurs et leurs capacit s limit es de paiement les r sultats pr liminaires indiquent que des services orient s par la demande peuvent tre durables OBS REL Approche orient e par la demande REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 28 CONT context
78. the Poor The 2005 Reader p 22 environnement des affaires DEF CONT OBS REF CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage Ensemble des l ments externes une entreprise influant sur son activit gt politiques et strat gies macro conomiques gt gouvernance et r glementation gt cadre et capacit organisationnelle gt acc s aux infrastructures et aux services financiers ainsi que leur cout gt conditions et services sociaux gt influences culturelles et attitude vis vis de l entreprise gt services d appui Disposer d un climat des affaires rassurant un Etat de droit respect et une s curit raisonnable pour les personnes et les biens permet d attirer des investisseurs d avoir des march s attractifs de permettre l extension de ces march s de faciliter la cr ation d entreprises et de renforcer l extension des entreprises existantes L environnement des affaires est donc une condition n cessaire qui implique dans chaque pays les diff rentes administrations concern es et le secteur productif REL Climat d investissement DEF DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 9 juillet 2005 p 4 CONT MAE Comit interminist riel pour la coop ration internationale et le d veloppement Strat gie sectorielle secteur producti
79. tifs aux interventions financ es par des bailleurs d 2001 p 4 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 18 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p 23 EN Initial Vocational Education and Training Initial VET DEF CONT OBS REF FR Initial or pre employment vocational education and training VET prepares people for future employment self employment or any sort of gainful activities i e it aims to make people employable It facilitates the transition of youth from the general education system to the world of work at different school level Human capabilities are essential for a firm s competitiveness innovation and growth Public efforts that enhance the provision of initial vocational training aim to improve labour supply Initial VET can be provided by public and private institutions by formal or more informal institutions for example by national vocational institutions or apprenticeship REL VET Continuing VET EXP Interventions can for example train early school leavers in a particular skill DEF Adapted from DDC Vocational Education and Training Glossary www vetnet ch CONT Ibid formation professionnelle initiale DEF CONT OBS REF CONT contexte DEF d finition EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL
80. tions REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p7 NI 3 EN BDS market development DEF Development approach that promotes the development of business service markets that provide appropriate services to MSE transactions between SEs and primarily private sector suppliers and facilitating the expansion of markets rather than providing services CONT The convergence of BDS market development with other development fields comes with an increasing focus on markets as a powerful tool for change and on using a systemic approach to ensure that change is long term and sustainable OBS REL Making Markets Work for the Poor M4P or MMW An important associated term is BDS market development paradigm which refers to a new approach shifting from traditional interventions caracterized by direct support to particular BDS providers to focus on facilitation functions that develop the market in a sustainable way also market development approach EXP Interventions are many and diverse Interventions can for example aim to improve the quality and frequency of information from input suppliers REF DEF Miehlbradt A and M McVay Developing Commercial Markets for Business Development Services BDS CONT Miehlbradt A and McVay M Developing Markets for Business Development Services Pioneering Systemic Approaches Seminar Reader BDS UPDATE ILO September 2004 p 11 OBS Adapted from Com
81. tocopieur le vendeur pourra gracieusement effectuer une formation du personnel de l entreprise sur utilisation de la machine ou encore effectuer des r parations USG Risque de confusion avec un autre sens voir la fiche bundled services p 8 L expression service int gr est parfois employ e pour d signer la combinaison de services financiers et non financiers aux PE Malgr l insuffisance des anciens programmes de services int gr s et le tabou qui s est appliqu aux relations entre les SDE et la microfinance de nombreuses ONG continuent proposer des SDE par le canal des institutions de microfinance BDS Primer p 61 REL Service ind pendant REF DEF D apr s DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 8 D crypter les pratiques et les enjeux d cembre 2004 p 4 CONT Ibid p 38 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 14 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations ng REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage p D LR ES EN facilitator DEF International or local institutions usually funded by governments foundations or donors that aim to expand and improve a BDS market by increasing demand or supporting BDS providers in developing new service products promoting good practice and monitoring and evaluating performance CONT A facilitator in SME context is a development organisation with no financial s
82. vices qui les rendent comp titives et ind pendantes OBS USG Cette d finition n est pas celle de la Commission europ enne Voir le tableau sur la classification des entreprises par la taille et la mise en garde associ e REF DEF Auteur CONT DGCID L actualit des services aux entreprises n 4 Clusters et r seaux d entreprises f vrier 2003 p 5 CONT contexte DEF d finition NI 33 EXP informations compl mentaires OBS observations REF r f rences bibliographiques REL termes li s USG usage NI 34 EN Small Enterprise SE DEF In the strict sense small enterprises refer to enterprises with between 11 and 20 employees Small enterprises SEs yet most often include micro enterprises as well as small and medium scale enterprises that are the actual or potential clients of BDS providers CONT Managers using a direct services model often find that reaching SEs is quite difficult due to the expense and inability to work with large numbers of individual small businesses having a limited capacity to grow OBS REL Small and medium scale enterprises SME Micro and small enterprises MSE USG These size categories are usually defined by the number of employees or by assets but these definitions vary by country institution and objective SEs operate in the manufacturing agro industrial service and trade sectors excluding farming forestry and mining See table on

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