アースハイテスタ EARTH HiTESTER
Contents
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3. 1 2 FAD 386 1192 811 TEL 0268 28 0555 FAX 0268 28 0559 10 09 3151 EARTH HiTESTER Instruction Manual Contents Introduction i eene i Safety Notes ii Notes on Use vi Chapter 1 Outline 1 1 1 Product Outline 1 1 2 Features fV 2 1 8 Names and Functions of Parts 4 Chapter 2 Specifications 7 2 1 General Specifications 7 2 2 Measurement Range and Tolerances 9 Chapter 3 Technical Information 11 3 1 Earthing Resistance 11 3 2 Measurement Principle YY 13 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 15 4 1 Preparations c 16 4 2 3 Pole Measurement Method
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6. 10 This warranty is valid only in Japan
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11. 17 4 3 2 Pole Measurement Method Simplified Measurement 4 4 Using the Earthing Net 4 5 Measurement Precautions and Hints 31 Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 37 5 1 Attaching the Hand Strap T 37 5 2 Changing the Batteries 38 5 3 Cleaning the Unit rr 40 5 4 Service 40 5 5 Before returning for repair YY 41 Introduction Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI 3151 EARTH HiTESTER To obtain maximum performance from the instrument please read this manual first and keep it handy for future reference Inspection When you receive the instrument inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping In particular check the accessories panel switches and connectors If damage is evident or if it fails to operate according to the specifications contact your dealer or Hioki representative Accessories 9214 AUXILIARY EARTHING RODS two 9215 MEASURING CABLE black 5 m yellow 10 m red 20 m CABLE WINDER with coiled measuring cord 9393 CARRYING CASE Hand strap Instruction manual R6P Manganese batteries six Introduction Safety Notes This manual contains information and warnings essential safe operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition Before using the instrument be sure to carefully read the following safety notes NDANGER This instrument is desig
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21. PRESS ON While keeping the button depressed turn the dial knob until the needle of the galvanometer points to the center of the V scale Then read the indication on the resistance dial and multiply it with the setting of the range selector The result is the earthing resistance 00 PRESS ON n general you should first choose the x 100 setting of the range selector and then reduce the setting as necessary If the 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS is set to 2a or 2b correct measurement is not possible Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 22 As shown in the table of Operating uncertainty at page 10 each influence creates error The total value of intrinsic uncertainty and influence quantity will be 19 8 f s That means the max error quantity will be 19 8 f s x 1 Q setting of the range selector 1 98 depending conditions Owing to such an error when the indicator of the resistance dial deflects to the right side of zero the negative side with the galvanometer balanced under the condition of the range selector x 1 setting the earthing resistance is considered to be under 2 Q But when the indicator of the resistance dial deflects at the right side of zero and the needle of galvanometer does not move correspondingly to the resistance dial adjustment the measurement is invalid When measuring big size earth electrode like mesh electrode ring earth
22. Set the range selector to e and press the measurement button PRESS ON If the needle of the PRESS galvanometer is within the Q range of the scale the batteries emat can be used for measurement Perform this check in the actual measurement condition with the measurement leads already connected Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 19 If the needle of the galvanometer is not within the range of the scale the batteries must be replaced See Section 5 2 4 Earth voltage check Set the range selector to V to check for the presence of earth voltage Do not press the measurement button PRESS ON at this time CAUTION If the measurement button PRESS ON is depressed earth voltage cannot be measured The needle of the galvanometer may fluctuate or register to the end of the scale This is not a defect If there is an earth voltage of more than 10 V the earthing body should be isolated from the electrical installation and power line switches or similar should be turned off in order to minimize the earth voltage for measurement Also if the earth voltage is high a risk of electric shock exists and proper precautions should be taken 5 Auxiliary earthing resistance check The 3151 has a function for checking the auxiliary earthing resistance Be sure to perform this check before measuring earthing resistance The check result should be evaluated as follows The mo
23. the earthing body If the voltage is less than about 10 V it will normally not affect the earthing resistance measurement However if the earth voltage is distorted it may cause measurement errors even at lower voltage levels For this reason if an earth voltage of more than about 5 V is detected other electrical equipment should be switched off or the equipment should be disconnected to eliminate the influence of earth voltage on the measurement During simplified measurement harmonic leakage current in the ground line can cause the galvanometer to fluctuate In such a case change the setting of the 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS from 2a to 2b from 3a to 3b for 3 pole method This may allow stable measurement If earth voltage is high the insulation of the electrical path or electrical equipment may have deteriorated Check the insulation and perform a leakage current test Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 36 Chapter 4 Procedure 37 Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 5 1 Attaching the Hand Strap The supplied hand strap is useful for removing the instrument from the carrying case or for carrying the instrument Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 38 5 2 Changing the Batteries To avoid electric shock when replacing the batteries first disconnect the measuring cable from the object to be measured After replacing the batteries replace the cove
24. electrode or foundation earth electrode by the 3151 the earth resistance will not be obtained accurately because the electrode C and P are within the earth resistance area of the electrode E When long measurement leads are used so that the electrode C and P will not be in the resistance area noise influence is so big that the measurement cannot be performed accurately A big size electrode requires measurement current as high as 20 A generally Please use an exclusive measurement instrument for a big size electrode HIOKI product line up does not include this type of the measurement instrument Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure N 23 4 3 2 Pole Measurement Method Simplified Measurement A DANGER When using the grounded side of an AC outlet for simplified measurement be sure to check the outlet first to determine the grounded side Use a suitable checker electroscope or similar for this purpose Take proper precautions against electric shock If the 3151 is connected by mistake to the live hot side of an outlet and a voltage of 85 V or more is applied to the input a warning tone beep is heard In this case immediately disconnect the leads and check the outlet again NCAUTION Connect terminal E first The warning tone will not sound if the earthing body is not connected to terminal E When the connection is made by mistake on the power line with the leakage current circuit breaker the breaker may b
25. simplified measurement be sure to check the outlet first to determine the grounded side Use a suitable checker electroscope or similar for this purpose Take proper precautions against electric shock ACAUTION If the batteries are exhausted the warning tone will not sound also when a voltage is applied due to a wrong connection Always check the batteries before starting to use the instrument Hammering the auxiliary earthing rods at the edge may damage the rods When hammering hammer the center of the T shaped rod Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 16 4 1 Preparations 1 Zero adjustment Before use adjust the needle of the galvanometer to the zero point Use a small flat blade screwdriver to turn the ADJUST control until the needle points at the center of the W scale This must be performed while the measurement button PRESS ON is not depressed 2 Battery check Perform a battery check to verify that the batteries are still good If exhausted replace the batteries with fresh ones See Section 5 2 If there is a protective tube covering the tip of the assisting earth rod please remove the tube before use Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 17 N 4 2 3 Pole Measurement Method 1 Connections Connect the measurement terminals to the measurement object using the supplied measurement leads as shown in Figure 3 Drive the auxiliary earthing rods P and C deep into the ground so
26. 5 E E E E Va 3 4 5 2 12 8 Intrinsic uncertainty or influence quantity Intrinsic uncertainty 2 5 Reference conditions Part 5 6 1 Position 5 0 Reference position 90 Part 1 4 2 At the limits stated Part 1 4 2 Supply voltage 0 0 by the manufacturer 4 3 Temperature 2 3 0 and 35 C Part 1 4 2 Series interference 5 0 See42and43 Part 5 4 2 voltage Resistance of 0 to 100 x Ra and but lt 50 Part 5 4 3 y by PC check electrodes System 9996 to 10196 of the frequency nominal frequency Fatto ses 85 to 110 of the nominal frequency System voltage Part 5 4 3 1 Error 2 Designation code 3 Reference conditions or specified operating range 4 EU test in accordance with the relevant parts of Chapter 2 Specifications 11 Chapter 3 Technical Information 3 1 Earthing Resistance Earthing resistance measurements differ from ordinary resistance measurements due to the factors described below 1 Polarization Because of polarization between the earthing body and the earth ground using a direct current for measurement is not possible 2 Special conditions Because one pole of the earth resistance measurement object is buried in the ground it cannot be taken out for measurement Also because the earthing resistance is a spreading resistance from the earthi
27. 81 Koizumi Ueda Nagano 386 1192 Japan TEL 81 268 28 0562 FAX 81 268 28 0568 E mail os com hioki co jp URL http www hioki com International Sales and Marketing Department HIOKI USA CORPORATION E mail hioki hiokiusa com URL http Avww hiokiusa com Shanghai Sales amp Trading Co Ltd E mail info hioki com cn URL http www hioki cn HIOKI INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED E mail hioki hioki in URL http www hioki in HIOKI SINGAPORE PTE LTD E mail info hioki com sg 4305 Edited and published by Hioki E E Corporation Printed in Japan W URL http www hioki com e e e TEL 0268 28 0555 FAX 0268 28 0559 T386 1192 81
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29. HIOIKI Instruction Manual 3151 EARTH HiTESTER HIOKI 2013 7 13 July 2013 Revised edition 13 3151A980 13 13 07H 60021959 DD 1 14 557 50 0 ios 0 0 000 0000000 i ooo HHHHHHH D 0 OOo EE EE Ooo Ooo 0 0 OOO 55 HHHHHHHHH e 54 HHHH 13 D 1 2 3 1 2 4 3 2 44 45 2 53 D 002 OU 1 000000 REPI oh 9214000 D 5mll 1900 20 0000000000000 9215 000 000000000 N DE EET 3 Li o 0 000000000 LE ETE OOo lt oOo oo EL e
30. Service If the instrument seems to be malfunctioning confirm that the batteries are not discharged and the measuring cable are not open circuited before contacting your dealer or Hioki representative Pack the instrument carefully so that it will not be damaged during shipment and include a detailed written description of the problem Hioki cannot be responsible for damage that occurs during shipment Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 5 5 Before returning for repair 41 Symptom Checkpoints If the measurement button PRESS ON is operated while nothing is connected to the measurement terminals the galvanometer may register to the end of the scale This is not a defect When the measurement button PRESS is operated a high pitched tone will be heard from inside the instrument This is not a defect When turning the resistance dial the needle of the galvanometer deflects to the left side of zero This is because that the earth resistance is higher than the measurement range Check the earthing condition of the earth electrode The needle of the galvanometer goes off scale to the left The measurement leads may be open circuited or the ground line may not be connected to the ground Check the continuity of the measurement leads using circuit tester check of disconnection Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 42 Symptom Checkp
31. ater will not permeate the ground measurement with the earthing net is not possible However if the asphalt 18 permeable measurement by an earth net 18 possible If the earthing net is not available or if it is too small a metal plate or other conducting object can be used as a substitute provided that it is watered sufficiently Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 31 4 5 Measurement Precautions and Hints 1 Using the auxiliary earthing rods For 3 pole measurement two auxiliary earthing rods are required Be sure to drive the rods well into the ground to assure correct measurement results 2 Earthing resistance of auxiliary earthing rods When the earthing resistance of the auxiliary earthing rods is not higher than about 10 the 3151 can carry out correct measurement However especially when measuring low earthing resistance values high earthing resistance of the auxiliary earthing rods can impair measurement sensitivity To assure correct measurement results be sure to check the earthing resistance of the auxiliary earthing rods by setting the range selector to C and P If the needle of the galvanometer is whithin a green band of the scale the auxiliary earthing resistance is within 5 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 32 If check results are unsatisfactory Drive the auxiliary earthing rods deep into the ground and water the entire area with a sufficient amount of water Watering is
32. ax Fil At least 5 m Figure 4 Simplified Measurement Connection A metal water pipe or similar can also be used as existing earthing body for simplified measurement The distance between the existing earthing body and the measurement object should be at least 5 meters If the distance is less correct results will not be obtained Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 26 2 Settings for 2 pole measurement Set the 2 3 pole measurement Selector TERMINALS to 2 When using the 2 pole measurement method measurement can be carried out with a measurement frequency of 575 Hz 2a or 600 Hz 2b Normally you should choose the 2 setting If the galvanometer fluctuates during measurement try choosing the 2b setting This reduces the influence of harmonics earth voltage and other extraneous earth voltage components 3 Battery check lt Set the range selector to ee and press the measurement button PRESS PRESS ON ON If the needle of the O galvanometer is within the om range of the scale the batteries can be used for measurement Perform this check in the actual measurement condition with the measurement leads already connected If the needle of the galvanometer is not within the BATT range of the scale the batteries must be replaced See Section 5 2 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 27 4 Earth voltage check Set the range selector to V to check for the presen
33. cates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instrument Safety Notes Measurement categories This instrument complies with CAT II safety requirements To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments IEC 61010 establishes safety standards for various electrical environments categorized as CAT Il to CAT IV and called measurement categories II Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an AC electrical outlet by a power cord portable tools household appliances etc CAT Il covers directly measuring electrical outlet receptacles CAT III Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment fixed installations connected directly to the distribution panel and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets CAT IV The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance and to the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device distribution panel Safety Notes Using a measurement instrument in an environment designated with a higher numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could result in a severe accident and must be carefully avoided Use of a measurement instrument that is not CAT rated in CAT II to CAT IV measurement applications could result in a severe accident and must be carefully avoided Service Entrance Distribution Panel Internal Wiring Service Drop 73 N Outlet Loe Power Meter Fixed
34. ce Rx Galvanometel Oscillator Synchronous rectifier a Figure 1 Measurement Principle 3 pole method Chapter 3 Technical Information 14 2 2 pole method Simplified measurement Figure 2 shows the basic circuit principle for a simplified earthing resistance measurement using an existing earthing body If the earthing resistance of the existing earthing body is taken as Ro and the earthing resistance of the measurement object as Rx the same equation as for the 3 pole method applies Rx Rs n Therefore the earthing resistance can be found by adding the earthing resistance of the existing earthing body Ro to the earthing resistance of the measurement object Rx The 3151 uses a very low measurement current so that the leakage current circuit breaker of a household power supply will not be tripped when the grounded side of an AC outlet is used as existing earthing body Galvanometel 1 n S Oscillator lt RN ynchronous rectifier P S C H T Figure 2 Measurement Principle 2 pole method Chapter 3 Technical Information 95 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure ses When the measurement button PRESS ON is operated a voltage of maximum 50 Vrms AC is produced Take proper precautions against electric shock When using the grounded side of an AC outlet for
35. ce of earth voltage Do not press the measurement button PRESS ON at this time NCAUTION If the measurement button PRESS ON is depressed earth voltage cannot be measured The needle of the galvanometer may fluctuate or register to the end of the scale This is not a defect If there is an earth voltage of more than 10 V the earthing body should be isolated from the electrical installation and power line switches or similar should be turned off in order to minimize the earth voltage for measurement Also if the earth voltage is high a risk of electric shock exists and proper precautions should be taken 5 Auxiliary earthing resistance check Auxiliary earthing resistance check is not required When the range selector is set to P or C and the measurement button PRESS ON is pressed the needle of the galvanometer may fluctuate or register to the end of the scale This is not a defect but the check result is invalid Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 28 6 Earthing resistance measurement Set the range selector to a suitable position either 10 or x 100 Q x 1 Q is not guaranteed for accuracy and press the measurement button PRESS ON While keeping the button depressed turn the dial knob until the needle of the galvanometer points to the center of the V scale won 28 PRESS ON Then read the indication on the resistance dial and multiply it with the setting of the range selector T
36. d humidity range 80 RH or less with no condensation Storage temperature and humidity range 10 to 50 C 14 F to 122 F 80 RH or less with no condensation Operating environment Pollution degree 2 Up to a height of 3 000 meters Instrument is designed for earthing resistance measurements in locations except farms Note Power supply Six R6P manganese batteries or six LR6 alkaline batteries Rated supply voltage 1 5 V x 6 Note The 3151 complies with the requirements of the international standard EN61557 5 for earth resistance meter Chapter 2 Specifications Maximum rated power 2 5 Battery Life 350 times in use 1100 times LR6 in use 30 second measurement 30 second pause cycle Overvoltage protection 250 for one minute between E P S and E C H terminals Dielectric voltage 3000 VAC for one minute between electric circuit and case Maximum rated voltage to earth 30 VAC Measurement category IL anticipated transient overvoltage 500 V External dimensions Approx 164W x 119H x 88D mm 6 46W x 4 37H 3 47D excluding protrusion Mass Approx 800 g 28 2oz instrument only Accessories 9214 AUXILIARY EARTHING ROD 9215 MEASURING CABLE black 5m yellow 10 m red 20 m each one CABLE WINDER x 3 9393 CARRYING CASE R6P manganese battery x 6 Instruction manual Ha
37. e tripped before the beep sounds Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 24 The simplified measurement 2 pole method makes use of an existing earthing body It should only be used in cases where the auxiliary earthing rods cannot be driven into the ground The existing earthing body must have a sufficiently lower resistance than the earthing body to be measured When the 2 pole method is used the measurement current of the 3151 is kept to 3 mA or less so that the leakage current circuit breaker of a household power supply will not be tripped when the grounded side of an AC outlet 18 used as an existing earthing body When using the simplified measurement method the resistance of the existing earthing body is added to the measurement result For measurements in the range of 10 and below you should always use the 3 pole method Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 25 1 Connections Figure 4 shows connection for a simplified measurement using the grounded side of a household power supply AC outlet Use the supplied measurement leads to make connections as shown in the illustration Set the range switch to connect terminal E to the measurement object E and then connect terminal C H to the grounded side of the AC outlet Measuremen t terminal Lead Connection E black Measurement object E P S Not connected C H red yellow Ground line Ro 250 VAC m
38. etween 2 pole measurement simplified measurement and 3 pole measurement Also serves to switch the measurement frequency a b to reduce the influence of harmonic earth voltage Chapter 1 Outline 4 Resistance dial The measured resistance value can be read from this dial 5 Dial knob 6 Galvanometer 7 Battery effective range Auxiliary earthing resistance effective range 9 Earth voltage scale ADJUST Zero adjustment E Earth terminal This terminal is to be connected to the earth of the measurement object 2 P S Probe terminal Terminal for potential detection 3 C Auxiliary earthing terminal This terminal supplies measurement current Explanation label Contains brief instructions and instrument specifications Chapter 1 Outline 1 6 221017 Rear View 9 Fixing screw on the battery cover Battery cover Chapter 1 Outline N Chapter 2 Specifications 2 1 General Specifications Operating system AC potentiometer Display Method Resistance indication on meter with linear scale galvanometer Open circuit voltage 50 V AC max Measurement current 15 mA AC max using the 2 pole method 3 mA AC max Measurement 575 Hz during setting to 2a or 3a frequency 600 Hz during setting to 2b or 3b Operating 0 to 40 C 32 F to 104 F temperature an
39. he result is the earthing resistance Measurement result Rx Ro combined resistance n general you should first choose the x 100 setting of the range selector and then reduce the setting as necessary If the 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS is set to 3a or 3b correct measurement is not possible Since the measurement current will be higher in a position for 3 pole measurement the leakage current circuit breaker of a household power supply may be tripped Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 29 Even if the needle of the galvanometer is balanced pointing to the center of the W scale when the resistance dial is out of the dial scale range the measurement is invalid Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 30 4 4 Using the Earthing Net If auxiliary earthing rods cannot be driven into the ground such as on rock gravel or concrete use the earthing net available as an option Place the grid flat on the ground and pour a sufficient amount of water on it to ensure good surface contact 2 Connect the measurement leads as shown in the illustration using a clip to connect the lead directly to the grid or placing the auxiliary earthing rod on the grid 3 Set the range selector to the P C range verify that the grid has good contact and perform the measurement Sa ba a ata 4 surfaces such as asphalt similar where w
40. ing rod C and perform measurement at several points Check whether there is an area where the measured resistance remains approximately constant also when the auxiliary earthing rod P is moved This corresponds to the horizontal section in the figure b If such an area cannot be found the measurement distance is not sufficient and the auxiliary earthing rods P and C should be PO further away from measurement object a 09 Measurement Horizontal value section E NS Earth surface Resistance Resistance range of electrode E of electrode C xm Im Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 34 4 Position relationship of auxiliary earthing rods The earthing should normally be positioned halfway on a straight line between the earthing body E and the auxiliary earthing rod If this is not possible due to obstacles or the like the area within a radius of 5 meters from the earthing body E and the earthing C should be avoided and the auxiliary earthing rod P should be positioned on a line not diverging more than 29 degrees from the line between the earthing body E and the auxiliary earthing rod C This will help to reduce measurement errors Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 35 5 Influence of earth voltage Due to the presence of leakage current from electrical equipment connected to the earthing body or of earth current a voltage may exist at
41. instailation Safety Notes Vi Notes on Use Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various functions NDANGER e When measuring earthing resistance a voltage of maximum 50 Vrms exists across the measurement terminals E C H Take proper precautions against electric shock 9 When performing a simplified measurement 2 pole method with the instrument connected to the earth side of a household power supply AC outlet take proper precautions against electric shock Notes on Use vii Do not allow the instrument to get wet and do not take measurements with wet hands This may cause an electric shock Take appropriate care when using the instrument outdoors e Do not use the instrument where it may be exposed to corrosive or combustible gases The instrument may be damaged or cause an explosion e Do not power the instrument from sources other than batteries to prevent damage and the risk of electric shock e Before using the instrument make sure that the insulation on the measuring cable is undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed Using the instrument in such conditions could cause an electric shock so contact your dealer or Hioki representative for replacements Model 9215 Notes on Use viii CAUTION Do not store or use the instrument where it could be exposed to direct sunlight high temperatu
42. ked for each pole in order to evaluate possible influences upon the measurement 4 Switchable measurement frequency Measurement frequency can be changed by the user to minimize the influence of harmonic earth voltage and to assure stable measurement 5 Simplified measurement function Simplified earthing resistance measurement is possible using the earth of an AC outlet Chapter 1 Outline 6 Over voltage protection and warning buzzer When outlet 18 used for simplified measurement and a voltage is input by mistake the protection circuit 18 activated and a warning tone is heard 7 Semi dust proof construction Measurement switches indicators and other moving parts are designed to withstand use in tough environments 8 Easy to use The supplied carrying case is designed to hold the instrument and all accessories A cable winder is standard making it easy to deploy and store measurement leads Chapter 1 Outline 1 3 Names and Functions of Parts Measurement button PRESS ON Press this button for earthing resistance measurement auxiliary earthing resistance check and battery check 2 Range selector Serves to switch the instrument to battery check earth voltage measurement auxiliary earthing resistance check and earthing resistance measurement 3 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS Serves to switch b
43. nd strap Option 9050 EARTH NETS 30 x 30cm Standards applying Earthing resistance measurement JIS C1304 1995 Safety EN61010 EN61326 Degree of protection Period of guaranteed accuracy Chapter 2 Specifications 1 year 2 2 Measurement Range and Tolerances Accuracy is guaranteed for 1 year at following conditions Temperature and humidity 23 C 5 C 73 F 5 F 80 RH or less Measurement Range Measurement range Tolerances item selector Eanhi x1 Q 10 Q 0 to 11 5 Q x10Q 1000 010115 2 5 f s x 100 Q 1000 Q 0 to 1150 Q Earth voltage 30 V 0 to 30 V 3 0 f s When using 2 pole method applies only when the measurement range of 100 Q 0 to 115 and 1000 Q 0 to 1150 Effect of temperature Wi hin 0 1 C at 0 to 40 C 32 F to 104 F Effect of auxiliary Within 5 when fluctuation is earth resistance 0 to 5 Effect of earth Within 2 at 0 to 5 V voltage Within 2 at 0 to 10 V at Wi at 50 or 60 Hz hin 5 at 0 to 3 V DC 16 2 3 Hz 400 Hz Effect of power voltage Wi hin specifications for 6 10 V DC Chapter 2 Specifications 10 Operating uncertainty according to EN61557 5 The operating uncertainty 18 calculated by the following combination of the values of influence quantity in the operating range Operating uncertainty B 2x 1 1
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45. ned to comply with IEC 61010 Safety Standards and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment However mishandling during use could result in injury or death as well as damage to the instrument However using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in the manual before use We disclaim any responsibility for accidents or injuries not resulting directly from instrument defects Safety Notes Safety Symbols The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual marked with the symbol before using the relevant function In the manual the symbol indicates particularly important information that the user should read before using the instrument Indicates a double insulated device Indicates AC Alternating Current The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings NDANGER Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the user Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the use ACAUTION Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or damage to the instrument Indi
46. ng body it 15 necessary to use the 3 pole measurement method with sufficient distance between the measuring electrodes Chapter 3 Technical Information 12 3 External noise When measuring earthing resistance leakage current from connected equipment earth voltage caused by earth current and auxiliary earthing resistance can affect the measurement and cause erroneous readings To eliminate such influences as much as possible the 3151 uses a newly developed AC phase differential method to measure earthing resistance This assures accurate results also under difficult conditions Chapter 3 Technical Information 3 2 Measurement Principle 1 3 pole method Precise Measurement Figure 1 shows the basic circuit principle for earthing resistance measurement The measuring current I driven by the oscillating voltage of the oscillator flows through the loop formed as follows oscillator2 Rc Rx If the galvanometer is balanced the voltage between the measurement terminals E P S is taken as Ex and the resistance between the measurement terminal E and the slider S of the variable resistor is taken as Rs The voltage drop at the variable resistor is Es The following equations then apply Ex Es 5 n winding ratio Es therefore As n If the dial connected directly to the sliding resistor has a scale of 1 n for Rs the dial reading corresponds to the earthing resistan
47. oints The needle of the galvanometer is fluctuating High voltage has maybe been generated or the earth resistance of the auxiliary earthing rods may be high Please check the earth voltage and the auxiliary earthing resistance The measurement with the earthing net over asphalt is not possible Because asphalt is a non conductor of electricity the measurement is not possible even when using the earthing net When P C CHECK the needle cannot be in the green range This is because the earth resistance of the auxiliary earthing rod is too high Change the position of the rod and or pour water over the rods When making short circuited with the E C and P terminals the measurement result is 0 Q This is not a defect Check the continuity of the measurement leads check of disconnection and the earthing condition of the earth electrode 2 pole measurement method cannot be carried out for the newly built house Measurement cannot be performed in the state when power has not been distributed by Power company When using 2 pole measurement method the measurement result was larger than the expected resistance value As for 2 pole measurement method of the 3151 the accuracy of x 1 Q range is not guaranteed So the measurements of a low earth resistance 10 or below is not accurate Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service a s Symptom Check
48. points When using the auxiliary measurement electrodes that have been already set up the measurement result is 0 Q The earth electrode may be connected to the auxiliary measurement electrodes with concrete Do not use the auxiliary measurement electrodes Instead drive the auxiliary earthing rods into the ground and measure it with using them The needle will not move while the battery voltage is checked after replacing with fresh batteries The instrument has been damaged Please contact your dealer or HIOKI representative Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 44 Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service For regional contact information please go to our website at http www hioki com The Declaration of Conformity instruments that comply to CE mark requirements may be downloaded from the Hioki website All reasonable care has been taken in the production of this manual but if you find any points which are unclear or in error please contact your supplier or the International Sales and Marketing Department at Hioki headquarters In the interests of product development the contents of this manua are subject to revision without prior notice The content of this manual is protected by copyright No reproduction duplication or modification of the content is permitted without the authorization of Hioki E E Corporation HIOKI E E CORPORATION Headquarters
49. r and screws before using the instrument e Battery may explode if mistreated Do not short circuit recharge disassemble or dispose of in fire e Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance with local regulations To avoid corrosion from battery leakage remove the batteries from the instrument if it is to be stored for a long time Use the R6P manganese batteries or LR6 alkaline batteries Do not use Nickel Hydrogen batteries Nickel Cadmium batteries or OXY Nickel Hydroxide batteries Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 39 For safety disconnect the measurement leads from the instrument Remove the fastening screw 3 Remove the cover of the battery compartment in direction A as shown in the illustration Replace all six batteries with fresh ones Reattach the cover of the battery compartment in direction B as shown in the illustration Fasten the battery compartment cover to the instrument with the fastening screw Chapter 5 Maintenance and Service 40 5 3 Cleaning the Unit After use wipe the auxiliary earthing rods to remove mud and other contamination Otherwise the rods may rust To clean the instrument wipe it gently with a soft cloth moistened with water or mild detergent Never use solvents such as benzene alcohol acetone ether ketones thinners or gasoline as they can deform and discolor the case 5 4
50. re or humidity or condensation Under such conditions the instrument may be damaged and insulation may deteriorate so that it no longer meets specifications Although this instrument is dust resistant it is not completely dust or waterproof To prevent possible damage avoid using in dusty or wet environments To avoid damage to the instrument protect it from physical shock when transporting and handling Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping Notes on Use Chapter 1 Outline 1 1 Product Outline The earthing grounding of electrical equipment is essential in maintaining safety and protecting lives as well as preventing damage to equipment This instrument uses the AC phase differential system to measure earthing resistance This assures accurate measurements unaffected by earth voltage and auxiliary earthing resistance Chapter 1 Outline 1 2 Features 1 High performance Performance of this instrument surpasses the requirements of the Japanese standard JISC 1304 1995 and complies with the safety standard IEC 61010 2 Wide measurement range Measurement scope was extended to 115 of the earthing resistance measurement range This is useful especially in the 10 and 100 Q measurement modes which are important for earthing evaluation during electrical installation work 3 Auxiliary earthing resistance check function Auxiliary earthing resistance can be chec
51. re the needle of the galvanometer deflects to the left the higher is the auxiliary earthing resistance If the needle remains in the vicinity of the zero point auxiliary earthing resistance poses no problem Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 20 Checking earthing condition of auxiliary earthing rod C Set the range selector to C and press the measurement button PRESS ON Verify pess that the needle of the galvanometer is within the green P C CHECK range jr Checking earthing condition of auxiliary earthing rod P Set the range selector to P and press the measurement button PRESS ON Verify that the needle of the galvanometer is within the green P C CHECK range Perform the earth resistance check on both of the auxiliary earthing rods C and P If the needle of the galvanometer is not within the green range the earthing resistance of the auxiliary earthing rod is too high and accurate measurement results will not be obtained Change the position of the rod and or make sure that the ground has sufficient humidity pour water if necessary Then repeat the check PRESS 0N 2 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 21 If the 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS is set to 2a or 2b the check will not give correct results 6 Earthing resistance measurement Set the range selector to a suitable position x 1 Q x 10 x 100 and press the measurement button
52. that the P C and the measurement object E can make a straight line at 5 to 10 m intervals among the P C and E Connect them to the 3151 using the supplied measurement leads Mena emo Lead Object to be connected E black Measurement object E P S yellow Auxiliary earthing rods P C H red Auxiliary earthing rods C 5 10 m 5 10 m Figure 3 Measurement by 3 Pole Method Connection NOTE The ground into which the auxiliary earthing rods are inserted should be as humid as possible If the rods cannot be inserted into the ground such as on hard ground surfaces or concrete surfaces use the 9050 EARTH NETS available as an option See Section 4 4 Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 18 Hammering the auxiliary earthing rods at the edge may damage the rods When hammering hammer the center of the T shaped rod V When hammering hammer the center of the T shaped rod 2 Settings for 3 pole measurement C D ws Set the 2 3 pole measurement selector TERMINALS to When using the 3 pole measurement method measurement can be carried out with a measurement frequency of 575 Hz 3a or 600 Hz 3b Normally you should choose the setting If the galvanometer fluctuates during measurement try choosing the 3b setting This reduces the influence of harmonics earth voltage and other extraneous earth voltage components 3 Battery check
53. usually very effective in reducing the contact resistance Change the location of the auxiliary earthing rods Choose a location with high humidity If the ground is volcanic rock or sand the supplied auxiliary earthing rods may not be sufficient In such a case use a metal pipe or other conductive object with a large surface and bury it as deep as possible in the ground 3 Distance between earthing electrodes As shown in the figure a on the next page when the distance between E and C is m and the distance between the E and P electrodes is varied x m the resistance of the earthing body E will measure as shown in the figure b Therefore when the position of the auxiliary earthing rod P is closer to the earthing body E or the auxiliary earthing rod C a measurement error occurs Chapter 4 Measurement Procedure 33 When the distance between the electrodes E C is small the earthing resistance of the measurement object Rx and the auxiliary earthing rods cannot be separated leading to a measurement error In the case of an architectural structure which is grounded over a large area the resistance range of the earthing resistance Rx in the figure a becomes very wide This means that it is necessary to position the auxiliary earthing rods P and C at a sufficiently large distance from the earthing body Rx To determine the proper distance move the auxiliary earthing rod P towards the auxiliary earth
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