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Title 操作からの意図推定に基づくユーザ主導型ヘルプ機能の

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41. b Screen of help system to display estimated candidate list 43 Fig 4 3 Screen capture of conventional help systems interface 74 Table 4 5 Classifications nam Number of Category functions name Category name Receive Record Play Edit K 4 5 7 11 14 Convenient functions AD AFA BOK SPR HE e and number of functions Number of functions L db jue i d E FIER OO ATE CO RAID RE 00 85 V ME HI 1 10 ACERTO 2 ud
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51. 4 H nu F KLM 1 ult E Hick 9 4 10 Table 4 10 Rate of decrease in average inquiry number Function Rate of Schema decrease 96
52. K 4 4 DVD 5 52 45 d 4 3 DVD 1 Table 4 3 Example of classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 1 No Typical Expression of functions Source Object Destination verb s program Copy the multiple programs HDD DVD HDD DVD program Copy the disk has been DVD Recorded HDD finalized program 1 Copy from Video VIDEO HDD DVD program DEO Recorded Copy from Video camera EE A HDD DVD Copy a photo stored on the HDD DVD SD card SD Photo jsp SD Copy the multiple photos HDD DVD stored at once on the SD card 67 4 4 DVD Table 4 4 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema No Typical Element of Number of verb s function schema functions 1 Copy So
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63. E 1 1 3 jw cag LE 1 System developer 1 1 Norman Mental model User Fig 1 1 Conceptual models diagram from Norman
64. Ime 1 2 6 Table 2 6 Number of execution tasks and average Yank of target function for each operation strategy Aver Number of data Function oriented strategy Content oriented strategy 2 4 2 age rank of target function 8 1 24 2 E 2 1
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67. Web AV Previous research This research Hm d 2 11 Table 2 11 Comparison of the proposed method and the conventional methods Operation strategy Analysis method Application Text corpus Information scent model Label following strategy Spreading Usability evaluation of websites Usability evaluation of activation network menu interface Text corpus Usability evaluation of Latent sema
68. H CR 49 DVD 1 22 23 25 26 27 28 28 29 31 32 36 42 47 54 57 62 66 67 4 4 DVD 68 4 5 75 4 6 SWZ RADITE SANTEZ I oo voi SER A 76 4 7 78 4 8 79 4 9 Jig ee CEDERE B ne eese cetera tete ue ci eese eed 80 4 10 Sp rexsH 5 0c PER 81 A 1 DVD 0 101 B 1 DVD 104 X1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 List of Tables Comparison of the proposed help system and the conventional help systems Tasks for the examination Number of execution tasks and average rank of target function for each operation strategy Example of function op
69. LSA 20 100 A chasen 2 4 2 1 ipadic sjis 2 7 0 531 368 CTF IDF E19 80 3 LSA LSA
70. 5 1 3 B 4 Label Following Strategy KIMA AV
71. Vol 2002 No 98 pp 19 24 2002 57 Rh Vol 2004 No 74 pp 21 26 2004 58 2 1990 59 Pirolli P Card S K Information Foraging Psychological Review Vol 106 No 4 pp 643 675 1999 60 Pirolli P Computational Models of Information Scent Following in a Very Large Browsable Text Collection Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 97 pp 3 10 1997 61 Chi E H Pirolli P Chen K Pitkow J Using Information Scent to Model User Information Needs and Actions on the Web Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 2001 pp 490 497 2001 3 62 Card S K Moran T P Newell A The Keystroke Level Model for User Performance Time with Interactive Systems Communication of ACM Vol 23 No 7 pp 396 410 1980 96 63 Card S K Moran T P Newell A The Psychology of Human computer Interaction Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1983 64
72. pp 115 118 2005 91 9 aS 7 E HCS No 586 pp43 47 2004 10 HCS No 581 pp53 57 2005 11 l mU 12 WAF Y 13 14 PASE TR JJ FAR Al fii BE Gl Vol 103
73. No Category name Function name Operation object 1 2 G 3 4 BS CS 5 mm BS 6 NA SU DUET 7 8 9 0 11 2 13
74. WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get menu 4 direct manipulation
75. 4 7 AEG es IX HX 77 4 7 BR EIB EAS AE HI Table 4 7 Predicted operation time for all functions without operation history data Predicted operation time sec Help system The shortest The longest Mean SD time time Hierarchal 25 80 10 67 6 27 Listing estimated 53 01 27 91 14 90 candidate 2
76. 1 1 7 E Ji L Pm SPOG 1 2 EXECUTION BRIDGE PHYSICAL SYSTEM UG EVALUATION BRIDGE 1 2 Norman 7 Fig 1 2 Seven stages of action from Norman
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78. PC 10 4 2 Object AS Slot Fills ERA Verb 0326 0168 a Screen of asking the verb of target function schema BE Slot Fills ERAS
79. Web GTC Web WUFIS Web User Flow by Information Scent fi TOC cepe ens 35 1 AV Informa Spreading Activation Network tion Scent 1 Scatter Gather M Information Scent Model 2 11
80. 3 9 8 9 Eq 3 10 3 10 10 5 10 5 1 2 120 x e 100 Measured value a Predicted value 80 Operation time sec 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Estimated rank 13 9 HEREBY AIAI Fig 3 9 Predictive time and measured time in each estimated rank estimating interface 55 35 3
81. Vol 99 No 95 3 HIE 19 FEATS E 92 F X Wol 2012 No 3 pp 343 348 1 Vol 114 C No 12 pp 1312 1319 1994 20 HEA Vol 2004 No 74 pp 21 26 2004 21 Vol 43 No 7 pp 2147 2154 2002 22 Gorrell G Lewin I Rayner M Adding Intelligent Help to Mixed Initiative Spoken Dialoge Systems Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing ICSLP pp 2065 2068 200
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84. 1 1 L 8Source Object Destination OT 3 4 3 1 2 AV AV
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86. 22 2 2 1 1 Table 2 2 Example of selection sequence Operater1 Task1 Change i in menu Number Sequence Selection history of trials 1 Ws gt 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 8 3 7 122 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 c 2 2 Fig 2 2 Example of menu hierarchy 23 2 3 3 LSA LSA
87. CS Get the operation history before help button is pressed Estimate function schema and its element s the function schema limited to one Ask the question of elements of estimated function schema Ask the question to limit function schema s the function number limited to predetermined Ask the target function among candidate B 4 1 Fig 4 1 Flow chart of proposed interaction management processing 71 4 4 4 4 1 DVD
88. HDD l 65 K42 amp Table 4 2 Common structures extracted from the analysis of a variety of device extracted from 1 i oO 5 l B z 5 oO 5 I a Is o 1 I lt The System moves an Object from the Source to the Destination The User tells a Property of the Object to the System by Instrument Saas a gt MAE Xov 3 LI l The User senses a Phenomenon from the System eem DEED The User senses a Phenomenon from the System The System senses the Phenomenon from the
89. 1 1 n HE Z EPUB He 1 1 Table 1 1 Comparison of the proposed help system and conventional help systems nU oe Operation Help timing history data User model Passive help system User initiated Proposed help
90. A POT OBR DVD f 8 2 32 62 E cf 2 F HL 29 17 E
91. HDD 3 System User T 4 4 System Source User Fr SD 5 Object 64 4 3 6 Location Object Property
92. 29 29 4 9 3 38sec 4 8 17 4 20 1 17 8 1 29 4 10 K 4 10 Task2 3 2 Task4
93. l8 2X410 1X280 280 1 880ms CHS x 5 HB 218 Sat 5 5 En 1 6 MEM 247 Bic E IFL
94. Linux Unix form fill in Ifill in the blanks 1 Web direct manipulation GUI graphical user interface
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96. 49 3 4 2 KLM i 50 3 4 3 Hick Hymann 52 3 5 unt 53 Sol TERCER 7 ESAO et les dy erae dtr ipto e Up pas 53 3 5 2 55 3 5 3 REPROCHE l ADHERED Loa rato tst e Fi Habere gend tren DEM 57 3 5 4 59 OW MEE c PODER TEST C MESES 60 4 A LARES ttt enituit uai ec RU 61 mM eto nre rc TET EET 61 4 2 62 4 2 1 uuu 62 4 2 2 Muu 67 iv
97. 2 5 3 Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3 Operator 4 Operator 5 Operator 6 E E 2 5 Table 2 5 Difference of user s operation strategies Pat e lee wl elee elre elee lee Fofo T Icelre eere res ret I 1 2 6 2 6
98. 2 7 2 7 PAI 2 2 7 Table 2 7 Example of function operation object table Function Operation object Select a TV program On air Programs View a program being record form the Recorded programs beginning Start the programmed recording using On air Programs the search function on the program listing Programs broadcast later Show an image Saved images Set the time of the clock DVD recorder Lock unlock erroneous deletion protection Disk 28 ze Tv Z Bi 2 8 Table 2 8 Example of screen operation object table Screen Top Playback navigation Program listing Operation object Program on air Recorded program Program on air Program broadcast later OO
99. JW 90 zh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Norman D A 1990 Norman D A Draper S W Eds User Centered System Design New Perspectives on Human Computer Interaction Lawrence Erlbaum 1986 Shneiderman B Designing the User Interface Strategies for Effective Human Computer Interaction Addison Wesley 1987 Nielsen J Mack R L Usability Inspection Methods Wiley 1994 Polson P G Lewis C Rieman J Wharton C Cognitive walkthroughts A method for theory based evaluation of user interfaces International Journal of Man Machine Studies Vol 36 pp 71 73 1992 de Souza C S The Semiotic Engineering of Human Computer Interaction The MIT Press 2005 ERAR BABB Ic Vol10 No 3 pp 21 33 2008
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103. 4 8 zu 8 ul n 78 4 8 J Table 4 8 Predicted operation time for all functions with operation history data Predicted operation time sec Help system time time Listing estimated 3 EK e Dc ft F
104. 45 39 8 8 3 1 7 3 3 a 3 2 1 3 1 Table 3 1 Classifications name and number of functions Category Number of Category Number of name functions name functions Convenient 42 Receive a Screen of classified categories b Screen for selecting function name 3 3 Fig 3 3 Screen capture of hierarchal interface
105. 3 Table B 1 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 3 Typical Input No Function name FS No Source Object Destination Phenomenon To Property verb s Instrument ait 3 id 89 Ct aaa 5 DVD rds Ir ce B B Be ONE ae 7 mac _ 91 5 DVD iiid n care S is E 92 5 DVD 93 5 DVD 94 5 DVD se S D gs MM l DVD
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110. Receiving remote control signals Implemented on PC Estimating target Operation history Estimating interface function using operation history Screen E information Manual data Selecting interface Hierarchal interface Screen for TV program Switching of Output of Screens Screens Screen for operating DVD recorde X 3 1 Fig 3 1 Help system configuration 41 TETTEI 3 2 DVD Fig 3 2 DVD recorder remote control 3 2 2 116 A 7 3 1 8 1
111. 1 4 22 4 H co ni 95 75 text form fill in Imenu direct manipulation 4 22345 2 21 text
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113. 7 utu Property Object Property Mn MODIEY MODIFY Object Property 68 From To Object From To m MODIFY Agent 1 9
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115. 4 Phenomenon Object 4 9 Table 4 9 Predicted operation time for tasks that estimated function schema Predicted operation time sec Help system The shortest Thelongest SD time time Hierarchal d Listing estimated candidate Slot filling un 80 Task6 6 Task8 5 Task5 Task6 Phenomenon Object
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118. common structure 4 2 6 1 Object Source Destination HDD DVD 2 1 Object Property User Instrument System
119. 1 1 Norman c IA nae ht et hae Oh tad da a a De ha Se hyd a 2 1 2 Norman DV PEU I on e esta sien aatean nae na one Nose ce MUS AM NE Laer NAE 2 1 3 11 2 1 0000000 20 2 2 BE al 118 aac OR CO 23 2 3 30 3 1 41 3 2 DVD scc cel 42 3 3 43 3 4 ot oe ee rc fuiete hts RS tete 44 3 5 EG qw E 45 3 6 RO A ee eT ee PR ET e aa ee PR LE 46 3 7 SISTINE Be e EREE RR A cn duct hn in oe a eee ote 49 3 8 DIEZ RA AE I eC SUID EE 49 3 9 55 3 10 56 vi 4 1 4 2 4 3 INVA VY AF
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121. 2 LSA 18 ERG 12 MERTA 5 6 5 2 LSA OW 7 6 OW 4 1 2 8 19 Preliminary processing Term document LSA semantic Text corpus matrix D matrix U k 0 Frequency of Singularvalue key words for decomposition UU each document k dimensional compression Functional F Functional peo Manual vector
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124. ERAR AV 2012 pp 1003 1006 2012 6 AV TR 55 pp 574 579 2012 100 A A 1 2 3 1 116 4X DVD 1 100 3 E AJ DVD 1 Table A 1 Functions of the DVD recorder used in estimating target function 1
125. 3 5 3 6 Cockburn 69 sec avs 0 8 0 08 64 B 7 3 6 860ms E 1 5 CORR BE 3 6 700ms KLM F 6 69sec 23 KLM 5
126. 96 5 DVD a HX m A E e 2 m 97 3 98 5 DVD 99 5 DVD gt 100 5 J DVD Vadis 101 5 l DVD eG verb nens CU 2H 6H gae 102 5 z DVD gi 108 5 DVD E Pid 104 7 pvp gO gis DVD Au 4 DVD Audio Video TER S a ee 1 SAN 105 5 DVD ON OFF dio Video 106 5 DvD 107 5 DVD 108 5 DVD
127. ZS 3 1 3 5 100ms 430ms ay qa H 18 z 60ms 1H 2 410 1X430 430 1 680ms 4 4X480 43024 200ms 5 88sec
128. al KURENAI it Kyoto University Research Information Repository DU Ia i x zi 3 N WDEO gt KYOTO UNIVERSITY TE HHHHHUUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH nou Author s 0 0 0 Citation Kyoto University 7 000 Issue Date 2014 03 24 URL http hdl handle net 2433 188581 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University 2014 3 H 6 hb5 yu EUG IB aN
129. DH 2 3 2 ul iz 20 40 6 100 100 8 8 2 1 3
130. 57 58 mero 59 DPOF DPOF 60 61 62 63 64 65 SD HDD DVD RAM SD 66 SD HDD DVD RAM PE G 67 DVD 68 69 70
131. Fig 1 3 Configuration of help system in this study 3 1 HH
132. ul 5 13 14 29 W me uli 1 AV AV AV M
133. 4 3 29g 1 e OA WT v 4 3 a 7 2 4 5 1 2 1 BEIS ERM 1 n a Screen of hierarchal help system UE HffE t ETgSES db G G gt G G oo mm coo 13 16 14 8 15 2 9 3 1 4
134. information need9 PB Taylor 4 Taylor IE ormalized need x compromised need EI Ese
135. 30sec 330sec 30sec X 3 7 30sec 60sec 8 8 1 13 nu 2 48 Number of tasks ON N 10 8 uU 60 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 Operation time sec 8 77 Fig 3 7 Operation time and number of p
136. E S 5 6 XP BIST CBR Bep B Vath esl n f 38 4X Table B 1 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 1 B 1 DVD 1 4 DVD No Function name FS No Typical Source Object Destination Input Phenomenon To Property verb s Instrument 1 TV network E E z Ep by sks PEN zs ii ES FM 2 C TV network E E 3 A BUE TV network cle EREE DYD 5
137. 1 1 BE DSH E Ch BUT E AV 2 gt e H 1 LAL SNE A ct L TOA
138. 6 Ay ES 1 LOC 2 Label Following Strategy 4849 AV m I
139. 4 83sec 1 ghe 2 EEX 1 H a 4 LIO Eg R 4 7 4 7 IB aN 116 a ECO FHS Lope
140. Mean sec BRHE OER Hierarchal interface Number of tasks SD secl Number of tasks ee pue pum uo l 0 72 5 1 0 89 A t t test results p value 0 039 0 089 L0 zi 3 1 3 3sec
141. til 2 DVD 1 1 EK
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144. HDD 71 5 DVD HDD S D h 29 ao L UN E t dei 72 DVD 5 ETS EARLY WT x E REA 3 odd dri J 74 3 LZ ERR i S SA E 74 3 m 75 n f jr ses T 76 3 m Ren IT B CAS CAS lt i 2 m 77 B CAS 3 7 garoti z Am S 78 19 110 CS 3 iL ls i u CS _ a
145. 3 2 3 3 4 1 5 43 002 003 004 0 748 0 738 0 737 0 737 3 4
146. 62 1 HDD DVD HDD DVD 69 12 1 DVD HDD E 64 1 VIDEO HDD DVD 65 1 br d Hpp pvp SD 66 HDD DVD RAM 1 pU ee p SD SD HDD 67 DVD RAM 1 SD HDD DVD QPEG a DVD ld E g E 7 NR 68 6 DVD DVD US oe L P 69 5 DVD DVD ON OFF ay pru E i _ REED IS 70 2 6 HDD DVD k HDD DVD SD
147. DVD ON OFF 6 mara FV network ritis E ME T Taga EV network Dn 8 VERS TV network HDD DVD m 9 TV network HDD DVD E iP S 10 HDD DVD P 1 HDD DVD 2 is 1 HDD DVD n PAIS Poh oe F i 13 G n rv network IHD
148. ZM O Bu BL EH 29 1H Im E Getting operation history data before help button is pressed
149. 2 1 Table 2 1 Tasks for the examination Tasks Program to record from 7 03 p m to 8 05 p m today Program to record a show in which XX appears Change the channel to the BS channel NHK High Vision Copy the program XX recorded in the hard disk to a DVD Delete the program OO recorded in the hard disk Subtitles can be displayed for digital terrestrial broadcasting and BS digital broadcasting Currently Japanese subtitles are set to be displayed Set so that English subtitles are displayed The audio of DVD is set in Japanese Change the audio to English and the subtitles to Japanese The clock of the DVD recorder is off Set the correct time 2 2 2 2 0
150. DVD 3 2 40 LC 3 2 1
151. NOT interaction primitive 7 dX 4 1 semantic role R 4 1 Table 4 1 Definition of roles of interaction elements extracted from 147 Role Agent Object Experiencer Phenomenon Instrument Location Source Destination Definition The active participant that initiates and controls th
152. s5 J Zee pE KODE Y pu f H 1 se fU
153. 2 4 4 4 3 LBL amp 1 3 KLM 621l631 3 30ms 380ms
154. a ly EHE 71777 e HDD DVD e HDD DVD 46 6 HDD DVD 5 47 4 ndn HDD DVD S amp iti amp TU7 355 5 48 rida EN ZvATAMB 6 HDD DVD e Z 49 ium 4 Ris HDD DVD tiBiS1U7 38 50 A aa TN 6 HDD DVD 7 gt 7 j 51 ar HDD DVD 52 Hoe KDE 6 HDD DVD x 2 ren 53 6 HDD DVD Jv 54
155. 3 3 3 4 KLM 5 1 1 16 35 18 KLM 12 3 1 3 3
156. 33 s Mo 34 oii 5 HDD DVD 5 TTE LEES i 35 yoke HDD DVD rid 36 4 p HDD DVD y F F a7 2 e Pt Hpp DVD l uua ass Is p T 38 CAU Zu MEN 5 HDD DVD ON OFF 757 39 piis Seed 6 HDD DVD nd 40 6 HDD DVD S ree TED s 41 ao EN 6 HDD DVD 2 ii 42 4 mera HDD DVD Ea en N 2 Caleb ms dto 6 HDD Dvp
157. 2 16 3 3 2 Ed 16 155 14 35 8 7 3 8 DVD DVD
158. 15 Label Following Strategy 8 AV 2
159. G V LN USE a G WIENER 5 p 6 z 16 G H 7 18 9 ETH 20 101 A 1 DVD 2 Table A 1 Functions of the DVD recorder used in estimating target function 2 No Category name Function name Operation object 21 MESA
160. DVD 96 DVD 97 98 99 00 IDVD 01 DVD 02 03 04 DVD Audio Video 05 06 07 pi rv ae AL 08 EP lima 09 Lr dud deuda dide 0 DR zr 1 2 3 HD 4
161. i 3 mi B b HE x 5 ANANIN 3 gt J J d Eh XE EE Ai E
162. 15 2 4 1 2 15 2 4 1 11sec MED 1 16 15
163. 3 5 4 1 HO 15 15
164. HH 483 15 7 10 52 6 AV ult I n T 8
165. LSA 3 100 Y GE u amp 2 3 ui 1 1 3 3 A r1 15 7 10 20 WEN 52 6 78 7 8 3
166. 0 50 16 845 X att 8 2 10 3 2 10 185 O 75 4 6 Table 4 6 Tasks that help button is used Function Number of Function Number of Task No ae Task No a schema a schema NEG 16 155 14 32 4 6
167. HDD DVD SD HDD DVD HDD SD 102 A 1 1 DVD 3 Table A 1 Functions of the DVD recorder used in estimating target function 3 gs E No Category name Function name Operation object m n DVD WDM 72 73 74 75 76 B CAS 77 78
168. PC 3 3 3 4 10 3 2 Table 3 2 Tasks for examination Tasks Play the program recorded on the hard disk as test1 Program to record the program shown on TV station XX form 6 00 p m to 6 10 p m today List the programs XX that appear and program to record one program out of the list Digital broadcast can be shown with subtitles Display subtitles for the program you are currently watching The clock on the recorder 1s slightly off Set 1t to the correct time Delete the program test1 recorded on the hard disk Set the recorder so that it can be operated quickly after the ON button is pressed Electricity consumption in standby mode increases through this operation Set the player to avoid watching adult DVDs containing violent scenes You are watching a BS digital broadcast Change it to the analog broadcast channel XX Copy the two programs test1 and test2 on the hard disc to a DVD A DVD is already presented 47 1
169. alli HDD Keystroke Level Model KLM e2le a 3 2 1 2 DVD PC 3 1 T PC
170. helgolls DT Bl 39 v E PA f f pn
171. PC PC DVD PC PC DVD 3 5 60cm 80cm Participant Display 20 inch Eye tracker Remote Infrared
172. 36 Vol 52 No 4 pp 1475 1484 2011 37 2006 38 AL Vol 22 No 3 pp 320 327 2007 39 Horvitz E Breese J Heckerman D Hovel D Rommelse K The Lumiere Project Bayesian User Modeling for Inferring the Goals and Needs of Software Users Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence pp 256 265 1998 40 AART Vol 106 94 No 610 pp 25 30 2007 oF 11
173. DVD gt Z 10 3 2 Sa HEZ AZ ul 3 2 3 2 A Search of the target function using help system Interface 1 Search of the target function using help system Interface 2 Are all tasks completed Is the help button pressed s 3 6 Fig 3 6 Experimen
174. Table 3 3 Predictive time and measured time hierarchal interface Total Hiprarchal Estimate t test Estimating Hierarchal vsus 18 tasks 8 tasks 10 tasks Difference sec pete Total ratio 96 0 483 Classified category 0 927 screen ratio Function selection 0 059 screen ratio 54 5 5960 p 3 5 2 7 85 28 KLM
175. 110 CS 79 DVD 80 G D 81 DVD 82 DVD 83 B CAS DVD 84 85 86 DVD 87 88 89 90 91 DVD 92 DVD 93 DVD 94 DVD 95
176. AV
177. 22 23 MP3 24 OPEG TIFF 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 EPS 32 ETS 33 34 35 36 METZ 37 pu i om 39 2 40 41
178. 33 98 2 33 98 20 00 4 0 00 5 00 5 0 00 6 0 00 81 2 2 DVD 7 59sec Task2 17 04sec Task5 CH Z E 2
179. LSA DVD LSA 2 73
180. z 22 3 p 10 2010 42 Shneiderman B Designing the User Interface 3rd edition Addison Wesley 1997 43 Norman K L Better Design of Menue Selection Systems Through Cognitive Psychology and Human Factors Human Factors Vol 50 No 3 pp 556 559 2008 44 Ichiro K Tomoko T Intelligent Help System that Synchronizes Application Software Operation Toward Intelligent Tailor Made Information Provision Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics Vol 11 No 10 pp 1216 1223 2007 45 Landauer T K Dumais S T A solution to Plato s problem The Latent Semantic Analysis theory of the acquisition induction and representation of knowledge Psychological Review Vol 104 No 2 pp 211 240 1997 46 Landauer T K Foltz P W Laham D An Introduction to Latent Semantic Analysis Discourse Processes Vol 25 pp 259 284 1998 47 Bekgaad L Bogh Anderson P Using Interaction Scenarios to Model Information Systems Working Paper 1 2008 04 Aarhus School of Business 2008 48 Polson P G Lewis C Rieman J Wharton C Cognitive Walkthroughs A method for theory based evaluation of user interfaces International Journal of Man Machine Studies Vol 36 pp 741 773 1992 49 HCI C330 SERRIBBORBMET V 99
181. 27 8sec oT NG HEF Neate 57 Xi Exp ze t 0 922 n 6 403 e 60 cate 3 7 9 1sec p 28 8sec
182. DVD 1 2 8 2 8 ORE 2 8 2 8 v csl TR
183. LSA 1 LSA 87 UC side Bie WO CHO LBA LSA
184. 310ms 280ms 1 80ms 880ms 410ms 1 830ms 310ms 340ms 76 4 4 4 Ay EE 2 H AO 1 z 4 5 X410 4 X 280 280 3 450ms
185. 6 HDD DVD s DT PEERS TY e HDD DVD 2 Tua 105 K B 1 DVD 3 Table B 1 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 3 No Function name FS No Typical Source Object Destination Input Phenomenon To Property verb s Instrument mm SERPENS HDD DVD 5 iF E mu 56 6 ZSD m F5 HDD DVD _ E EI 57 6 ZSD t p e l ER se HDDZDVD ag 4 SD es 59 5 jd DVD yw 4 ON OFF 60 F 5 SD E i IDPOF DPOF 61 1 HDD DVD
186. Does the operation data contain the sub menu button Getting screen information Estimating the operation object Extracting functions to relevant to the estimated operation object Target estimation processing based p J on the label following strategy using operation history data Setting extracted functions for estimating target function 2 3 Fig 2 3 Flow chart of proposed method processing using operation strategy 2 4 8 2 9
187. 2 LSA LSA LSA 1 LSA 2 1 LSA U 3 U iu mn G 1 2 8 4 3
188. H 4 4 2 3 1 ul 3 ETR DVD 2 DVD 116 K z n E IML E
189. 2 3 24 2 4 2 4 1 DVD AV AV Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3 Operator 4 Operator 5 Operator 6 2 3 3 Table 2 3 Result of examination for estimating target function using label following strategy AV 3 1 m 2 1 K 1
190. Fig 3 4 Screen capture of target function estimating interface 2 KOO a HE LERTE OIZ Label Following Strategy 48l49 cz AV 5 LSA 116 chasen 2 4 2 1 padic sjis 2 7 0 51 363
191. pp 32 33 1999 65 http www tobii co jp japan aspx 66 pp 73 81 1999 67 Vol 23 No 6B pp 494 504 2008 68 Vol 27 No 2 pp 73 82 1991 69 Cockburn A Gutwin C Greenberg S A Predictive Model of Menu Performance Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 07 pp 627 636 2007 70 Hick W On the rate of gain of information Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol 4 pp 11 26 1952 zB 4 3 D 71 FIRE WERTE N 4 Vol 38th pp 403 408 2011 72 p 83 2008 73 Fillmore C J Subjects Speakers and Roles
192. 109 CR s Jeers H DVD 6H 8H 110 5 e DVD ui DR 5 DVD Au 112 5 DVD 113 5 H DVD 114 HD s Jaera DVD Mm D we Se us EPOAATSNAVYTERUS DVD ree Y a are mw 116 5 DVD TENUERE i Dolby D 117 Roe ROBUEDEPIEI 5 DVD z igital LP CM 107
193. RD PESOS SMRELIBE LTS Phenomenon 0622 0000 b Screen of asking the target element of function schema 4 2 Fig 4 2 Screen capture of proposed help systems interface 72 2 4 2 a 2 E 420 Bd 4 2 3 Phenomenon Phenomenon 1
194. pp 831 836 1999 f 50 RHEL p 107 2006 M 51 FE HEA Kk is Vol 15 No 1 pp 73 83 2013 uil 95 2 52 Vol 14 No 5 pp 446 460 2002 53 http chasen legacy sourceforge jp 54 Vol 2004 No 39 pp 57 62 2004 55 Vol2004 No 112 pp 83 90 2004 56 RIMAR
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196. 1 Scatter Gather B7I2sll291 Scattery Gather Scatter L L Gather L Scatter Gather AV Scatter Gather
197. 98 1 JF ERI AV Vol 11 No 2 pp 213 221 2009 2 JE E Vol 12 No 4 pp 47 57 2010 3 ERAR AV 1 Inoue T Ozawa J Target Estimation Method for Audio Visual Recorders Based on Users Operation History Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics ICCE2012 pp 478 479 2012 2 Inoue T Ozawa J Horiguchi Y Nakanishi H Sawaragi T Evaluation of a Help System Designed Using Interaction Primitives to Estimate the Function Schemata of User Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics pp 243 2
198. Fx F xargmaxP F Sim OlF 2 4 F SimM A Bld 4 LSA Latent Semantic Analysis 85l4e LSA 17 LSA E
199. Source to STATE2 STATE1 The System changes an Object from STATE1 to STATE2 from to VALUE2 VALUE1 Property The System changes a Property of an Object at in the Location from VALUE1 to VALUE 66 4 2 2 2 3 DVD 116 B 4 8 1 Zeb 1 1 Object Source Destination 4 3 1 7 X source HDD DVD VIDEO VIDEO CAMERA SD 5 R 4 4
200. 0 25 20 Ratio A4 la A4 4 4 40 50 60 70 Estimated rank Eq 3 10 80 90 We Fig 3 10 Ratio of predictive time and measured time in each estimated rank estimating interface 410ms d KLM KLM 4 1
201. 2 23 p 3 1999 24 Taylor R S Question Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries College and Research Libraries Vol 29 No 3 pp 178 194 1968 25 1 a HIRACH Vol 71st No 2 pp 2 121 2 1224 2009 26 SVM 2010 SLP 80 3 pp 1 6 2010 27 Cutting D R Karger D R Pedersen J O Tukey J W Scatter Gather A Cluster based Approach to Browsing Large Document Collections Proceedings of the 15th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference pp 318 329 1992 28 Marti A Hearst Jan O Pedersen Revealing Collection Structure through Information Access Interfaces Proceedings of the 14th internationa
202. 3 3 FH 3 3 18 KLM 16 5sec 4 7 t 3 3
203. 4 Operator 4 Task6 Operator 1 Task6 Operator 2 Task6 Operator 3 Task7 Operator 2 Task7 Operator 3 3 2 4 4 KR 2 10 Table 2 10 Relation between number of object functions and rank of estimated target function Estimated operation object VY een bl E Number of object functions Label following Strategy ae ee On air programs 37 Programs broadcast later eee On air programs 50 38 Programs broadcast later Task6 in Estimated rank Op
204. 47 2012 99 1 I 70 3F 7 pp 47 48 2008 2 2008 pp 1082 1086 2008 3 2009 pp 321 326 2009 4 AV 39 pp 287 292 2012 5
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206. BSR EERD E HiH 2 E direct manipulation
207. D DVD B P P Un G 3 rk 14 LV network IHDD DVD Egi Ga ES 7 m IPEA ATENE 15 2 TV network IHDD DVD 104 4X B 1 DVD 2 Table B 1 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 2 No Function name FS No Typical Source Object Destination Input Phenomenon To Property verb s Instrument m P e S AS F G go Stes y or 2 7 B 16 2 network SEICHGESIVEEE ADD DVD or 17 3 E HaT Om BEC 18
208. DT vil 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 List of Figures Outline of the estimation process using label following strategy Example of menu hierarchy Experiment flow Operation time and number of participants used help system Number of different selected labels and number of participants used help system Predictive time and measured time in each estimated rank estimating interface Ratio of predictive time and measured time in each estimated rank estimating interface vii 49 55 56 4 1 4 2 4 3 Flow chart of proposed interaction management processing Screen capture of proposed help systems interface 1X 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 3
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210. Synthese Vol 21 No 3 pp 251 274 1970 74 Fillmore C J The Case for Case Reopened Cole P and Sadock J M Eds Syntax and Semantics 8 Grammatical Relations Academic Press Inc pp 59 81 1977 75 2 p 167 1985 76 Minsky M Minsky s frame system Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical Issues in natural language pp 104 116 1975 77 Bobrow D G Kaplan R M Kay M Norman D A Thomson H Winograd T GUS A 97 Frame Driven Dialog System Artificial Intelligence Vol 8 Issue 2 pp 155 173 1977 78 Nielsen P B B kgaard A Experience with a dialogue description formalism for realistic applications Proc ICSLP 92 pp 719 722 1992 79 Young S J Proctor C E The design and Implementation of dialogue control in vice operated database inquiry systems Computer Speech and Language Vol 13 Issue 4 pp 329 353 1989 80 Goddeau D Meng H Polifroni J Seneff S Busayapongcha I S A Form Based Dialogue Manager for Spoken Language Applications Proceedings of ICSLP pp 701 704 1996 81 D Vol J86 D 2 No 5 pp 608 613 2003
211. articipants used help system 14 12 d 10 S 9 g Qo 2 H 6 5 Z 4 NR EH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number of different selected labels X 3 8 Fig 3 8 Number of different selected labels and number of participants used help system 3 4 KLM XU Hick Hymann 3 4 1 e 1 zi EM ATE CH E 1 49
212. ator 6 T i Xj L 3 E EI R HIRE E DEM 4 8 7 10 78 9 84 2 um I gt V
213. ct Experiencer 2 Agent Experiencer Object A Bekgaard Mediator Mediated SENSE Mediated MOVE S447 Ro bit B kgaard
214. e event The passive participant that is most affected by the event The participant affected by information about a Phenomenon That which 1s thought felt or sensed by the Experiencer The passive participant that enables the event The spatial boundary of the event The location from which an object is transported The location to which an object is transported 62 deep case VIT B kgaard Sit 7 SENSE Experiencer Source Phenomenon 3 Rxperiencer Source Phenomenon MOVE Agent Object Source Destination 4 Agent Al Object Source Destination MODIFY iX Agent Object 2 Agent Object CONTROL Agent Obje
215. enomenon n 4 3 2 4 1
216. eration Strategy 3 3 10 34 ER Y Sy j E 1 f 32 AV wm SER
217. eration object table Example of screen operation object table Result of examination for estimating target function using operation strategy Relation between number of object functions and rank of estimated target function Comparison of proposed method and conventional methods Classifications name and number of functions Tasks for examination xii 22 23 25 26 27 28 28 29 31 32 36 42 47 54 57 4 1 Definition of roles of interaction elements extracted from 62 4 2 Common structures extracted from the analysis of a variety of device 66 4 3 Example of classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 1 67 4 4 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 68 4 5 Classification of name and number of functions 75 4 6 Tasks that help buttonwasused 76 4 7 Predicted operation time for all functions without operation history data 78 4 8 Predicted operation time for all functions with operation history data 79 4 9 Predicted operation time for tasks that estimated function schema 80 4 10 Rate of decrease in average inquiry number 22 81 A 1 Functions of the DVD recorder used in estimating target function 101 B 1 Classification of the DVD recorder functions by function schema 104 xii xiv 1 st gt 1
218. l joint conference on Artificial intelligence IJCAI 95 pp 2047 2048 1995 29 Hearst M A Karger D R Pedersen J O Scatter Gather as a Tool for the Navigation of Retrieval Results Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium AI Applications in Knowledge 98 Navigation and Retrieval Technical Report FS 95 03 pp 65 71 1995 30 Fischer G Lemke A Schwab T Knowledge based help systems In Proceedings of Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI 85 pp 161 167 1985 31 Zissos A Witten 1 User modelling for a computer coach A case study International Journal of Man Machine Studies Vol 23 No 6 pp 729 750 1985 32 Breuker J Winkels R Sandberg J A Shell for Intelligent Help Systems In Proceedings of the 10th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence IJCAI 87 pp 167 173 1987 33 Winkels R Breuker J Discourse Planning in Intelligent Help Systems in Intelligent Tutoring Systems Crossroad of Artificial Intelligence and Education Avlex Publishing Corp pp 124 139 1990 34 Vo1l 24 No 3 pp 111 126 2007 35 p 61 2005
219. mber position of tasks of tasks 1 9 8 4 A 3 4 3 5 1 p 1 3 5 3 nu BITS 9 1sec 7 4sec
220. n sequence Operater4 Task4 Sequence Selection history 1 4 5 6 p EV
221. ntic websites analysis Document retrieval Text corpus Function oriented strategy Label Latent semantic analysis Estimating target iolowing stiategy amp function for AV amp System condition appliance Content oriented strategy Estimating operation object 36 2 6 f uli EP AV
222. receiver Infrared Eq 3 5 Fig 3 5 Experiment system configuration 45 X 3 6 Digital Scan converter emitter DVD recorder T 2 Lic
223. semantic vector 3 4 ES Frequency of Project to LSA key words for semantic matrix each function FP U F Target estimation processing Operation Selection history data vector Operation ow semantic vector 6 i NS ES Frequency of ee toLSA key words for semantic matrix each operation 9 rp 0 U O 7 Estimate target function Functional F F argmaxcos O F semantic vector FY 2 1 Fig 2 1 Outline of the estimation process using label following strategy 2 8 DVD DVD AV C DVD 2 3 1 LSA SKE
224. system User initiated Similarity of word semantic distance Active help system System initiated Knowledge base Probability model Latent Semantic Analysis 4946
225. t flow 46 GZ AIT all LEAT 3 2 Task1 2 6 10 3 2 Task4 5 7 8 MN Ext HE HE VE Ke
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227. urce 5 Object 2 7 Destination 3 Borord Source 1 Object 2 2 Destination 2 6 Program Property 6 3 Watch Phenomenon 13 13 Check Watch Source 5 Object 6 17 Phenomenon 12 Set Source 4 Object 8 9 wm Property 47 To 23 c Source 3 Object 3 p Property 9 To 11 ae frame theory 1975 Minsky 7 GUS 4 Pa 2 79 8O1 81

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