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1. 19 Staltmane 1958b 13 17 18 Lursoft Laikrakstu biblioteka2. X X IPFV PFV 1 588 IPFV PFV rakstit uzraksttt
3. PFV IPFV interval simultaneity Holvoet 2001 150 IPFV PFV 10 PFV piezvan t izdar t sakartot 10 Hallo eit zvana Anna Ko tagad dari hello here call impf pres Anna what now do impf pres Es tagad kartoju istabu I now arrange pres room 5 8 PFV 138
4. IPFV PFV IPFV O risin t jaut jumu vienu m nesi 1 PFV O atrisin t jaut jumu vien m nes FF 1 Kala a p rlas t TIPFV p rlas t gr matu vienu stundu 1 PFV p rlas t gr matu vien stund 1 XL 2 2 1
5. 3 2 PFV IPFV IPFV 25 Vardadiena atn k draugi un visi n k neaicin ti Name day come pf pres friends and all come impf pres uninvited 145 5
6. Acie Staltmane kV LY Staltmane 1958b 19 russkogo jazyka i slovesnosti Imp akd nauk XIII kn 4 gt Karulis K 1992 Latvie u etimolo ijas v rdn ca R ga veids
7. PFV IPFV _ PFV PFV IPFV IPFV 26 Notikuma viet mira divi cilv ki bet divi cilv ki nomira event place die impf past 2 people but 2 people die pf past ce uz slimn cu way to hospital 2 2 27 Tris skoleni nomira notikuma viet bet viens tika nopietni 3 pupils die pf past event place but 1 get past seriously 7 20
8. 1 pirkt nopirkt IPFV PFV OF 1 Kad citi pirka gr matas vi nopirka urn lu When other buy pf past books he buy pf past magazine parun t norunat aizrun ties norun ties izrunaties
9. IPFV PFV piedzimst nomirst 2 determinative pa TDL Mi affectness oti padomaju es vair k palutinu LOH 8 2 PFV IPFV
10. IPFV PFV IPFV PFV IPFV raksGt uz gt aiz R PH ap OB at BE BA ie ize Ob DH no F B pa F i par Z pie sa GR uz E E t tes 133 PFV uzrakstit IPFV PFV
11. PFV IPFV Lokmane 1988 119 2 136 6 PFV 6 Atnaca ieraudzija un uzvar ja come pf past catch sight past and win past Bore 7 2 PFV PFV uz no IPFV
12. Kalna a Kalna a 2004 32 PFV IPFV 1 2 11 2
13. PFV 2 no norunat braukt brauk t brauk t lt braukalet 7 PFV IPFV Staltmane Staltmane 1958 95 ina a al el ulo
14. 5 Esmu las jis izlas jis o gr matu t p c zinu saturu no galvas be pres read impf apastp read pf apastp this book so know pres content by heart 5 PFV IPFV Lokmane IPFV PFV Lokmane 1988 115 116 Bondarko 2001 235 236 IPFV PFV 2 605 613 uzvar t aprakstit PFV IPFV
15. 90 A B A 90 A PFV B IPFV A no tiem A B A IPFV B PFV A B DEY PFV IPFV PFV IPFV PFV IPFV
16. pie dziedat dzied t l dzi 2009 62 Kalnaca Kalnaea 2004 25 PFV IPFV 135 1 3 6
17. 15 5 2010 3 131 150 1 1 1 OFX Staltmane
18. ala al cle ulo Soida 2009 197 134 2 Es visu dienu norunaju pa t lruni I all day talk pf past on phone ict ieiet 4 iziet PFV TPFV THEN ieksa ara iet iek iet ara IPFV 3 ieiet PFV uzrakst t 3 Es ieg ju istab un u
19. 11 15 16 IPFV nakt uz treni iem PFV 16 Tris dienas ned uz treni iem nak pieaugu ie 3 days week to trainings come impf pres adults 3 12 2 3 17 140 17 Loma n ca tr s reizes role come impf past 3 times 3 2 IPFV n ca 3 PFV atn ca 17
20. nakt atn kt 9 risin t atrisin t ARR 2 kartot nokartot gl bt izgl bt mekl t sameklet mirnomirt IPFV PFV CXS IPFV PFV PFV PFV gt 11 Eksamenu kartoja 50 cilveku un to nokartoja puse Exam take past people and it pass past half 5 0 12 Loma n ca naca un atnaca role come impf past come impf past and come pf past 13 Zirgu gl ba asto i cilv ki Un izgl ba horse rescue impf past 8 people and rescue pf past PFV 139 8 14 Miris
21. PFV iPFV PFV IPFV PFV IPFV 3 3 1 IPFV PFV S PFV PFV Kk 16 praesens effectivum krabec Staltmane 1958 198 142 katru dienu vienmer
22. PFV IPFV IPFV PFV 22 Katru gadu Latvij dzimst piedzimst 20000 b rnu every year Latvia be born impf pres pf pres children 2 23 Katru gadu pasaul bad mirst nomirst 11 miljoni cilv ku every year world hunger die impf pres pf pres milion people HEER CIA L K T 1100 24 24 Ar mal riju katru gadu saslimst ap 200 300 miljoni with Malaria every year get ill pres about milion No tiem katru gadu nomirst aptuvenil 1 5 miljoni from they every year die pf pres approximately milion Galvenok rt mirst b rni 90 kas slimo ar tropisko mal riju mainly die impf pres children who beill pres with tropic malaria un dz vo frik uz dienvidiem no Sah ras tuksne a and live pres Africa to South from Sahara desert 2 3 100 150 144 A B
23. aprakst ja IPFV 7 Vins uzzim ja nofotograf ja un s ki aprakst ja kas he draw pf past photograph pf past and detailed describe past buildings Kalna a Kalna a 2004 19 Kainaea parlasit 8 IPFV 0 PFV Kalna a 2004 19 8 Vakar p rlas ju laikrakstus Yesterday reread past newspapers 9 Vakar parlasiju visus jaun kos laikrakstus Yesterday reread past all newest newspapers PFV viss jaun kos 137
24. PFV V PFV sac t pasac t 5 5 J solit apsolitt PFV PFV expressive meaning praesens effectivum L PFV Staltmane 1958c 198 Staltmane praesens historicum PFV Staltmane 1958c 191 202 PFV PFV IPFV PFV IPFV
25. synonymity competition D Seljakin 1983 23 Semikolenova 2002 177 PFV IPFV 141 PFV PFV IPFV PFV IPFV
26. Traugott 1995 31 148 Bergmane A et al 1959 M sdienu latvie u liter r s valodas gramatika l fon tika un morfolo ija R ga l Bergmane A et al 1962 M sdienu latvie u liter r s valodas gramatika 7 sintakse R ga Bondarko A 2001 Teorija funkcional noj grammatiki Vtoroe izdanie Moskva Comrie B 1976 Aspect Cambridge Holvoet A 2001 Studies in the Latvian verb Krak w 132 158 Kalna a A 2004 Darb bas v rda veida kategorijas realiz cija latvie u valod Linguistica Lettica 13 R ga 5 34 Kalna a A 2008 Salikt s tagadnes lietojums m sdienu latvie u valod Valodas prakse v rojumi un ieteikumi 3 R ga 61 68 Karavanov A 2006 Denotativnyj i modusnyj aspekty semantiki attenuativnosti Vestnik moskovskogo universiteta Serija 9 Filologija No 4 Moskva 104 111 Lokmane I 1988 Veida un laika noz mju mijiedarbe latvie u valodas darb bas v rda sist m Latvie u valodas kult ras jaut jumi 24 laid R ga 109 118 Semikolenova E 2002 Izbiratel nost v upotreblenii vida glagola kak sledstvie processa nejtralizacii Kul tura narodov Pricernomor ja tom 37 Simferopol 176 182 Staltmane V 1958a Perfekt v un imperfekt v veida verbu gramatiskais raksturojums m sdienu latvie u liter raj valod Latvijas PSR Z V stis 6 R
27. 25 2 PFV IPFV _ 6 Zemgales zina 1997 11 22 Hff PFV piedzima 2 El IPFV O dzima 1 n ca pasaule Mth ORE pieteica sevi ai pasaulei par savu piedzim anas dienu izv l j s 18 novembri 11 18 PFV piedzima IPFV dzima
28. parasti PFV IPFEV 2 18 Es katru dienu lasu av zes I everyday read impf pres newspapers 19 Es katru dienu izlasu 2 av zes 1 everyday read pf pres 2 newspapers 2 2 PFV IPFV Kalna a 1 3 PFV IPFV PFV 20 IPFV P
29. COB PFV IPFV sg pl pres past fut pf perfective PFV impf imperfective IPFV apresp apastp ppresp ppastp be brt inf refl not D roi RIC SRS Ot ES PEE ES S VOID lt RSI k
30. 20 30 40 50 146 ievainots un mira slimnica injured and die impf past hospital 3 1 3 3 3 1 22 23 22 Katru gadu Latvija dzimst piedzimst 20000 bermu every year Latvia be bom impf pres pf pres children 2 23 Katru gadu pasaul bad mirst nomirst 11 miljoni cilv ku every year world hunger die impf pres pf pres milion people 1100 2 5 3 IPFV 1 IPFV
31. http www news lvy 1991 2 UPjanov Fortunatov 7 b 74 Endzel ns Ul janov G K 1895 Zna enija glagol nyx osnov v litovsko slavjanskom jazyke II Var ava Fortunatov F F 1897 Kriti eskij razbor so inenija G K Uljanova Zna enija glagol nyx osnov v litovsko slavjanskom jazyke Sankt Peterburg Endzelin Ja 1908 K voprosu o vidovom zna enii laty skix slo nyx glagolov Izvestija Otdelenija 131 veids PFV IPFV pabeigtais
32. IPFV n ca PFV IPFV IPFV PFV atnaca 3 3 IPFV PFV IPFV 2 2 neutralization
33. LI 147 loi vairak pa PFV IPFV 2 PFV IPFV subjectification 4 PFV IPFV PFV IPFV
34. ga 27 36 Staltmane V 1958b Pried k a verbu veidiskas noz mes m sdienu latvie u liter raj valod Latvijas PSR ZA V stis 7 13 22 Staltmane V 1958c Verbu veidi m sdienu latvie u liter raj valod Doktora disert cija R ga eljakin M 1983 Kategorija vida i sposoby dejstvija russkogo jazyka Teoreticheskie osnovy Tallin Traugott E C 1995 Subjectification in grammaticalisation Subjectivity and subjectivisation Linguistic Perspectives Cambridge 31 54 2009 7 h74 TAORMINA RR e BERK 149 Aspectual opposition and facultativity of its expression in Latvian Daiki HORIGUCHI The aim of this article is to show an outline of aspectual expressions in Latvian and to shed light on the facultativity of the use of perfective and imperfective verbs mainly in general present tense The core of aspectually oppositional system in Latvian is indeed a verbal pair perfective and imperfective the former marked by a so called perfectivizing or formal prefix But in Latvian in general aspect expresses itself morphologically prefixes and suffixes tensely resultative compound tense and syntactically taxis or complements Here we found two semantic features of aspectual opposition between perfective and imperfective telicity and simultaneity Unlike simultaneity telicity can not be considered as privative one The facultativity of
35. miris bet nenomiris die impf apastp die impf apastp but not die pf apastp tulkot partulkot rakst t uzrakst t PFV IPFV IPFV PFV 15 15 Tulkot ji tulko i tulko kam r p rtulko translators translate impf pres translate impf pres while translate pf pres PFV IPFV IPFV
36. veids nepabeigtais veids E veids aspekts perfektivs imperfektivs perfektivs imperfektivs perfektivais veids imperfektivais veids 1958 M sdienu latvie u liter r s valodas gramatika 1 564 582 EL PFV IPFV 1 566 Staltmane CHS
37. viest veidas vid kl veda eidos 4 Staltmane V 1958 Verbu veidi m sdienu latvie u liter raj valod Doktora disert cija R ga 132
38. FV 20 Var tuar teikt ka needu k ci as bet tad es melotu could also say inf that not eat impf pres cakes but then I would lie gad vienu varb t divas k ci as apedu year 1 maybe 2 cakes eat pf pres 1 2 21 PFV IPFV 143 21 Noteikti Mates diena pie zvanu mammai Bet es zvanu definitely mother day call pf pres mammy but I call impf pres mammai ar cit s dien s mammy also other days
39. the use of perfective and imperfective is often observed in general present tense where the privative opposition simultaneity non simultaneity is neutralized In this case the choice of a verb can be determined by some relative and subjective factors Generalization concretization of a fact is realized respectively by unprefixed imperfective verb prefexed perfective verb In some sentences verbs of aspectual pair are used only to stylize a text avoiding repetition of the same verb 150
40. zrakst ju v stuli I enter pf past room and write pf past letter 4 verties virinaties IPFV iet iek iet r 4 Nerimt gi virin j s pla s durvis cilv ki g ja iek8A un r incessantly open and close impf past wide door people go past in and out V PFV atn kt IPFV n kt urp surp nakt IPFV
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